2024届高三英语复习—— 主要国家地理概况
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1. signature n.
2.urban adj.
3.skyscraper n.
4. slap v.
5.landmark n.
6.slide v. -- (过去式)一 (过去分词)
7.slope n.
8.altitude n.
9.basin n.
10. souvenir
11. sour adj.
12.spill v. -- / -- / --
13. range n. v.
14. boundary n.
15.continent n.
16.spoil vt.
17.sponsor n. vt.
18. spray n. vt.
19. simplify vt.
20. squeeze vt./vi
21.stain vt./vi.
22.stall n.
23. staple adj.
24. sneaker n.
25.equator n.
26.spicy adj.
27. n.重要性； (意义)重大
adj.重要的；显著的
28. -- -- v.吐痰
29. n.处境；形势；位置，环境；职位；职业
30. adj.熟练的；有技能的
31. vt./vi.略读；浏览；撇去；掠过
32. adj.真诚的，诚恳的；诚实的；坦率的
33. adj.轻微的；少量的；细小的；瘦小的
34. n. 口号；标语
35. adj.社会的；社交的；交际的；群居的
36. vt.解决；解答 n.解决方案；答案；溶液
37. n.源头；来源；原始资料；原因，根源
38. n.专家
39. n.(动植物的)物种；种
40. adj. 明确的；特定的；特有的；独特的
41. adj.精神的；心灵的；宗教的
42. - - vi./vt.下沉，下落
43. adj.平滑的；平稳的；顺利的；圆润的
44. n.信号；暗号 v.发信号，示意；发暗号
45. n.相似性；相像处；相似点；类似性
46. adj.稳定的；牢固的；沉稳的 n.马厩
47. n.点，斑点，污点；地点，场所
48.袖手旁观；支持
49.以…… 的速度
50.stand out
51.去观光
52.sign an agreement/a contract
53.报名参加；登记注册
54.看见
55.smooth away
56.当场；在现场
57.be in low spirits
58.抽不出时间
59.与……有关系
60.sort of
词汇拓展
1.solve v.解决；处理；解答；破解
【搭配】solution n.解决办法；处理手段；答案；解；谜底；溶液
solve a puzzle/a riddle 解难题；解谜
solve a crime/mystery 破案；解开奥秘
I dreamed up a plan to both problems at once.
我想出了一个方案，可以同时解决两个问题。
Only when a reservoir is built here can we our irrigation problem.
只有在这里修个水库，才能解决我们的灌溉问题。
It took him only ten minutes to the puzzle.
他解这道难题仅仅用了十分钟。
I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.
我已经采取措施加快解决该问题。
2.standby 做好准备；准备行动；坐视不理；袖手旁观；继续支持(身处困境的人);坚持，遵守，信守(原有的决定、
承诺或宣言)
The decision has been made and I have got to it.
决定已经作出了，我必须要遵守。
On Sunday mornings my mother would bake bread. I'd the fridge and help.
星期天早上我妈妈会烤面包。我会站在冰箱旁边帮忙。
How can you and let him treat his dog like that
你怎么能袖手旁观让他那样对待他的狗
I'll you whatever happens.无论发生什么事我都会支持你。
【联想】
stand 构成的短语
stand up 站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护
stand in 定位替身；代演员站位
stand on 坚持；依靠；位于；拘泥于； [航]持续向同一方向航行
stand or fall 好坏；成败
stand for 代表；支持；象征；担任…… 的候选人
stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对
standby 支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边
can't stand 无法忍受
stand behind 后援，做后盾
stand up for 支持，坚持；拥护
stand still 站着不动；静止不动
stand firm 挺立；站稳立场
stand against 反对；抵抗
stand guard 站岗
stand in the way 阻碍
stand back 退后；往后站；不介入
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入 1 个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Can you (simple)the language a little It's difficult to understand.
2. (help)by my friends,I smoothed away all the difficulties.
3.Let's think of a situation this idiom can be used.
4.The (similar)between Mars and Earth are enough to keep alive hopes of some form of Martian life.
5. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second.
二、翻译句子
1.Though we didn't catch sight of the children,I believe,under the instruction of their father,the children must be very
sensible.
2.Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.
3.看他那失神的样子，肯定出了什么事。 (in low spirits)
4.我们强烈推荐您报名参加这个课程。 (sign up)
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）语法填空
China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230,000 from Tibet to Hainan, focusing
on (1) (preserve) of its most valuable bio-resources.
Giant Panda National Park will surely be (2) hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some of the world's
cutest animals. (3) (cover) three provinces (Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu), the region is the panda's natural habitat.
The intersection ( 交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National
Park, which (4) (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique area (5) live both
wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
China's best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world (6) (find) the Hainan black-crested gibbon
(黑冠长臂猿). Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and (7) (they) environment.
Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus (8) (much) on preserving multiple animals than (9) (specific) protecting one species. They serve various
rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.
Now, with some tourist programs (10) place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly experience the natural
originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.
（B）阅读理解
The race skywards began in America. In the late 1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective. Like all major shifts in architecture, the trend was supported by engineering. The development of steel frames made it easier to build tall. The invention of the lift, meanwhile, made living
in higher floors far more convenient.
Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers look little like those built in the first half of the 20th century. This is mostly thanks to the curtain wall. Postwar developments in manufacturing(制造)meant that huge sheets of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and the curtain wall soon became the front of high-rises. As well as allowing for greater
floor space and more natural light, glass surfaces help buildings bear greater wind loads.
There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a
point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it generates.
This reality can certainly be felt in America. Though skyscrapers began as a US phenomenon and continued increasing there in the 1960s and 1970s, the Middle East and Asia now dominate high-rise construction. This is partly due to the lower construction costs in Asian and other non-Western countries. However, it may also demonstrate that skyscrapers are about
more than the return on investment-they are a matter of branding. And in some cities, building tall can be a necessity.
The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height; At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emission(排放) ，there
are new environment-friendly costs to consider.
4.What caused the race skywards in America in the late 1800s
A. The expansion of the city land.
B. The preference for higher floors.
C. The development of engineering.
D. The decreased price of steel frames.
5. What's the function of the curtain wall
A. To beautify the skyscrapers.
B. To reflect more natural light.
C. To make skyscrapers more secure.
D. To promote manufacturing industry.
6. “This reality” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to the fact that .
A. 191 skyscrapers have been completed
B. cities limit the height of tall buildings
C. cities are desperate to create a brand of skyscrapers
D. profits decrease with buildings reaching certain heights
7. According to the last paragraph, many skyscraper architects will have to
A. lower construction costs
B. reduce carbon emission
C. define energy consumption
D. research greenhouse effects第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1. signature n.
2.urban adj.
3.skyscraper n.
4. slap v.
5.landmark n.
6.slide v. -- (过去式)一 (过去分词)
7.slope n.
8.altitude n.
9.basin n.
10. souvenir
11. sour adj.
12.spill v. -- / -- / --
13. range n. v.
14. boundary n.
15.continent n.
16.spoil vt.
17.sponsor n. vt.
18. spray n. vt.
19. simplify vt.
20. squeeze vt./vi
21.stain vt./vi.
22.stall n.
23. staple adj.
24. sneaker n.
25.equator n.
26.spicy adj.
27. n.重要性； (意义)重大
adj.重要的；显著的
28. -- -- v.吐痰
29. n.处境；形势；位置，环境；职位；职业
30. adj.熟练的；有技能的
31. vt./vi.略读；浏览；撇去；掠过
32. adj.真诚的，诚恳的；诚实的；坦率的
33. adj.轻微的；少量的；细小的；瘦小的
34. n. 口号；标语
35. adj.社会的；社交的；交际的；群居的
36. vt.解决；解答 n.解决方案；答案；溶液
37. n.源头；来源；原始资料；原因，根源
38. n.专家
39. n.(动植物的)物种；种
40. adj. 明确的；特定的；特有的；独特的
41. adj.精神的；心灵的；宗教的
42. - - vi./vt.下沉，下落
43. adj.平滑的；平稳的；顺利的；圆润的
44. n.信号；暗号 v.发信号，示意；发暗号
45. n.相似性；相像处；相似点；类似性
46. adj.稳定的；牢固的；沉稳的 n.马厩
47. n.点，斑点，污点；地点，场所
48.袖手旁观；支持
49.以…… 的速度
50.stand out
51.去观光
52.sign an agreement/a contract
53.报名参加；登记注册
54.看见
55.smooth away
56.当场；在现场
57.be in low spirits
58.抽不出时间
59.与……有关系
60.sort of
词汇拓展
1.solve v.解决；处理；解答；破解
【搭配】solution n.解决办法；处理手段；答案；解；谜底；溶液
solve a puzzle/a riddle 解难题；解谜
solve a crime/mystery 破案；解开奥秘
I dreamed up a plan to both problems at once.
我想出了一个方案，可以同时解决两个问题。
Only when a reservoir is built here can we our irrigation problem.
只有在这里修个水库，才能解决我们的灌溉问题。
It took him only ten minutes to the puzzle.
他解这道难题仅仅用了十分钟。
I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.
我已经采取措施加快解决该问题。
2.standby 做好准备；准备行动；坐视不理；袖手旁观；继续支持(身处困境的人);坚持，遵守，信守(原有的决定、
承诺或宣言)
The decision has been made and I have got to it.
决定已经作出了，我必须要遵守。
On Sunday mornings my mother would bake bread. I'd the fridge and help.
星期天早上我妈妈会烤面包。我会站在冰箱旁边帮忙。
How can you and let him treat his dog like that
你怎么能袖手旁观让他那样对待他的狗
I'll you whatever happens.无论发生什么事我都会支持你。
【联想】
stand 构成的短语
stand up 站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护
stand in 定位替身；代演员站位
stand on 坚持；依靠；位于；拘泥于； [航]持续向同一方向航行
stand or fall 好坏；成败
stand for 代表；支持；象征；担任…… 的候选人
stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对
standby 支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边
can't stand 无法忍受
stand behind 后援，做后盾
stand up for 支持，坚持；拥护
stand still 站着不动；静止不动
stand firm 挺立；站稳立场
stand against 反对；抵抗
stand guard 站岗
stand in the way 阻碍
stand back 退后；往后站；不介入
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入 1 个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Can you (simple)the language a little It's difficult to understand.
2. (help)by my friends,I smoothed away all the difficulties.
3.Let's think of a situation this idiom can be used.
4.The (similar)between Mars and Earth are enough to keep alive hopes of some form of Martian life.
5. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second.
二、翻译句子
1.Though we didn't catch sight of the children,I believe,under the instruction of their father,the children must be very
sensible.
2.Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless he works very hard.
3.看他那失神的样子，肯定出了什么事。 (in low spirits)
4.我们强烈推荐您报名参加这个课程。 (sign up)
参考答案
单词&短语
1.署名，签名 2.都市的；城市的 3.摩天大楼 4.用巴掌打，捆；拍击 5.地标 6.滑动；贬值—slid—slid 7.斜
坡，坡度 8.海拔；高度 9.流域；盆地 10.纪念品，纪念物 11.酸的，酸味的 12.(使)溢出， (使)洒出
—spilled/spilt—spilled/spilt 13.n.范围；山脉 v.排列 14.界限；边界线 15.大陆；陆地 16.破坏；宠坏，溺爱 17.n.赞助 商，主办方 vt.赞助，发起 18.n.水花，浪花 vt. 向 …… 喷射 19.简化 20.挤；握紧；压榨 21.vt./vi.玷污 n.污迹，污点
22.(货)摊； (牛/马)棚 23.主要的，重要的 24.运动鞋 25.赤道 26.辣的 27.n. significance adj.significant
28.spit—spat/spit—spat/spit 29. situation 30.skilled/skillful 31.skim 32.sincere 33.slight34.slogan 35.social 36.vt. solve n. solution 37.source38.specialist 39.species 40.specific 41. spiritual42.sink—sank—sunk 43.smooth 44. signal 45. similarity
46.stable 47.spot48.standby 49.at a speed of 50.引人注目；突出 51.go sightseeing 52.签协议/合同 53.sign up(for)
54.catch sight of 55.消除(问题);克服(困难) 56.on the spot 57.意志消沉 58. spare no time 59. have something to do with 60.
有几分；有点
词汇拓展
1. solve;solve;solve
2.standby;standby;standby;standby
活学活用
一、1.simplify 2.Helped 3.where 4.similarities 5.at
二、 1.虽然没看到孩子们，但我相信在他们父亲的教导下，孩子们一定也是很懂事的。
2.一个人要是不努力，他就将一事无成。
3.There must be something wrong since he is in low spirits.
4. We highly recommend that you sign up for this course.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）语法填空
China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230,000 from Tibet to Hainan, focusing
on (1) (preserve) of its most valuable bio-resources.
Giant Panda National Park will surely be (2) hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some of the world's
cutest animals. (3) (cover) three provinces (Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu), the region is the panda's natural habitat.
The intersection ( 交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National
Park, which (4) (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique area (5) live both
wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
China's best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world (6) (find) the Hainan black-crested gibbon
(黑冠长臂猿). Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and (7) (they) environment.
Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus (8) (much) on preserving multiple animals than (9) (specific) protecting one species. They serve various
rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.
Now, with some tourist programs (10) place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly experience the natural
originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.
【答案】
【小题 1】preservation【小题 2】a 【小题 3】Covering【小题 4】has set 【小题 5】where
【小题 6】to find【小题 7】their【小题 8】more 【小题 9】specifically【小题 10】in
【知识点】副词修饰动词、不定式作定语、定语从句的主谓一致、必备短语、名词作宾语、不可数名词、动词的-ing 形式作状语、不定冠词、动词的-ing 形式表示主动意义、现在完成时、形容词性物主代词、说明文、关系副词 where
引导限制性定语从句、 in 的用法、国家地理、副词的比较级
【解析】1. 句意：中国已正式宣布建立首批从西藏到海南的五个占地 23 万平方公里的国家公园，重点保护其最宝 贵的生物资源。分析句子可知，介词 on 之后，应该加上名词作为宾语，根据提示，此处应用名词 preservation（保
护），且为不可数名词，故填 preservation。
2. 句意：大熊猫国家公园每年都会吸引大量游客前来参观这些世界上最可爱的动物。 hit 此处指“受欢迎的事物” ，应
用不定冠词，且 hit 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填 a。
3. 句意：该地区覆盖四川、陕西、甘肃三省，是大熊猫的自然栖息地。分析句子结构可知 cover 在句中应用非谓语 动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语 the region 构成主动关系，故用动词的-ing 形式。句首单词首字母要大写，且根据提
示，故填 Covering。
4. 句意：吉林省和黑龙江省的交界处是中国东北虎豹国家公园的所在地，该公园从一开始就着手保护这两种物种的 栖息地。根据后文 since its start 可知从句用现在完成时， 从句谓语与先行词 Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National
Park 保持一致，助动词用 has。故填 has set。
5. 句意：这是一个独特的地区，同时生活着野生东北虎和东北豹。分析句子结构可知，句中含定语从句，修饰先行
词 area ，关系副词 where 在从句中作状语，相当于 in this area。故填 where。
6. 句意：中国保存最完好的热带雨林在海南，世界上唯一发现黑冠长臂猿的地方。 place 前有 the only 修饰，后面的
定语用 to do 形式。故填 to find。
7. 句意：海南热带雨林国家公园保护着长臂猿和它们的生存环境。修饰名词 environment 应用形容词性物主代词
their。故填 their。
8. 句意：与上述三个国家公园不同，福建的武夷山国家公园和青藏高原的三江源国家公园更注重保护多种动物，而
不是专门保护一个物种。结合后文 than 可知应用 much 的比较级形式。故填 more。
9. 句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰后文动词 protect，应用副词 specifically，作状语。故填 specifically 。 10. 句意：现在，随着一些旅游项目的到位，这些公园将是游客真正体验自然创意和广阔的中国景观的好方法。结
合句意，空格处表示“在合适的位置，到位”可知，应用固定短语 in place。故填 in。
（B）阅读理解
The race skywards began in America. In the late 1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective. Like all major shifts in architecture, the trend was supported by engineering. The development of steel frames made it easier to build tall. The invention of the lift, meanwhile, made living
in higher floors far more convenient.
Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers look little like those built in the first half of the 20th century. This is mostly thanks to the curtain wall. Postwar developments in manufacturing(制造)meant that huge sheets of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and the curtain wall soon became the front of high-rises. As well as allowing for greater
floor space and more natural light, glass surfaces help buildings bear greater wind loads.
There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a
point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it generates.
This reality can certainly be felt in America. Though skyscrapers began as a US phenomenon and continued increasing there in the 1960s and 1970s, the Middle East and Asia now dominate high-rise construction. This is partly due to the lower construction costs in Asian and other non-Western countries. However, it may also demonstrate that skyscrapers are about
more than the return on investment-they are a matter of branding. And in some cities, building tall can be a necessity.
The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height; At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emission(排放) ，there
are new environment-friendly costs to consider.
4.What caused the race skywards in America in the late 1800s
A. The expansion of the city land.
B. The preference for higher floors.
C. The development of engineering.
D. The decreased price of steel frames.
5. What's the function of the curtain wall
A. To beautify the skyscrapers.
B. To reflect more natural light.
C. To make skyscrapers more secure.
D. To promote manufacturing industry.
6. “This reality” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to the fact that .
A. 191 skyscrapers have been completed
B. cities limit the height of tall buildings
C. cities are desperate to create a brand of skyscrapers
D. profits decrease with buildings reaching certain heights
7. According to the last paragraph, many skyscraper architects will have to
A. lower construction costs
B. reduce carbon emission
C. define energy consumption
D. research greenhouse effects
答案:
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是摩天大楼越来越多的原因。
4.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Like all major shifts in architecture, the trend was supported by engineering.(与建筑 领域的所有重大转变一样， 这一趋势也得到了工程学的支持。)”可知， 19 世纪后期， 工程技术的发展使美国的盖高
楼竞赛空前激烈。故选 C.]
5.C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass surfaces help buildings bear greater wind loads.(除了允许更大的地板空间和更多的自然光，玻璃表面还帮助建筑承受更大的风荷
载。 )”可推知，幕墙的作用是使摩天大楼更加安全。故选 C.]
6.D [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it generates.(虽然每增加一层楼就会增加可 销售的楼面面积， 但建筑成本也会上升。所有的建筑都会达到一个临界点， 即增加一个额外的楼层花费的钱将超过 它产生的钱。)”可知，这就是一个事实，因此画线词“This reality”是建筑物达到一定高度，利润就会减少这一事实。
故选 D.]
7.B [ 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 “The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height ... there are new environment-friendly costs to consider.(建筑师面临的下一个重大挑战超越了高度：当建筑及其施工占世界能源消耗的 三分之一以上、温室气体排放的 40%左右的时候， 需要考虑新的环保成本。 )”可推知， 许多摩天大楼的建筑师将不
得不减少碳排放。故选 B.]
