(共72张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
悦读 导入
随 堂 训 练
悦读 导入
文章导语:袁隆平是杂交水稻研究领域的开创者和带头人,一直致力于杂交水稻的研究,被称为“杂交水稻之父”。让我们一起来了解一下这位传奇人物吧!
Road to Hybrid Rice
Born in a poor farmer's family in 1930 and as a graduate of Southwest Agricultural College in 1953,Yuan Longping began his teaching career at an agricultural school in Anjiang,Hunan Province.
He came up with an idea for hybridising rice in the 1960s, when a series of natural disasters caused China to suffer a severe famine1 that led to many deaths.Since then,he had been devoting himself to the research and development of a better rice breed.
In 1964,Yuan happened to find a natural hybrid rice plant that had obvious advantages over others.Greatly encouraged,he began to study the elements of this particular type.
In 1973,in cooperation with others,Yuan was finally able to establish a complete process of creating and reproducing high-yielding hybrid rice species.The next year they successfully cultivated2 a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages.It yielded 20 percent more per unit than that of common ones,putting China in the lead worldwide in rice production.For this achievement,Yuan was called the “father of hybrid rice”.
In 1979,Yuan's technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States,the first case of intellectual property rights3 transfer in the history of China.
词海拾贝
1.famine / f mIn/n.饥荒
2.cultivate / k ltIveIt/vt.种植;培育
3.intellectual property rights 知识产权
4.transfer /tr ns f (r)/vt.使转移
美文凝萃
1.Why was Yuan Longping called the “father of hybrid rice” D
A.Because he devoted himself to cultivating hybrid rice.
B.Because he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College.
C.Because his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States.
D.Because he and his team cultivated a type of hybrid rice species with great advantages.
2.How old was Yuan when his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States
49 (years old).
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. tackle vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
2. crisis n.(pl.crises) 危机;危急关头
3. boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励
4. yield n. 产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)
vi. 屈服;让步
5. characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的
6. attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
7. intense adj.热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
8. overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜
9. expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
10. output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.输出
11. estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
12. domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
13. comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
14. generate vt.产生;引起
15. leisure n.闲暇;休闲;空闲
16. soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
17. celebrity n.名望;名誉;名人;名流
18. grain n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒
19. vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像
词汇拓展
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
→ devotion n.奉献;忠诚;关爱
→ devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的
2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→ short adj.短的;短缺的
3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
→ convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
→ convinced adj.坚信;深信;确信;坚信不疑的
4.conventional adj.传统的;习惯的
→ convention n.习俗;常规;大会;集会
5.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
→ assume v.假定;承担(责任)
6.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
→ consumer n.消费者→ consume vt.耗费;消耗
7.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→ real adj.真的;真正的
→ really adv.确实;的确
8.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→ salt n.盐;食盐
重点短语
1.devote... to 把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
2.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
3.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
4.open up (使某事物)成为可能;可得到;可达到
5. at heart 内心里;本质上
6.dream up 凭空想出;虚构出(尤指荒诞不经的事)
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
Para.1: A.Yuan conducted research and developed hybrid rice.
Para.2: B.Yuan worked hard to fulfil his dreams.
Para.3: C.Yuan considered himself a farmer.
Para.4: D.Yuan decided to study agriculture.
Para.5: E.Yuan's innovation has helped to feed
more people.
Para.6: F.Yuan cared little for fame or wealth.
答案:Para.1:C Para.2:D Para.3:A Para.4:E
Para.5:F Para.6:B
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Why did Yuan decide to study agriculture B
A.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in agriculture.
B.He wanted to deal with the crisis of shortage of food.
C.He wanted to be the “father of hybrid rice”.
D.He was interested in agriculture.
2.What's the main advantage of hybrid crops A
A.They can get a higher yield than conventional crops.
B.Many famous scientists are interested in them.
C.They are created by Yuan Longping.
D.They are self-pollinating plants.
3.How has Yuan's work helped China and other countries C
A.It helped farmers study rice.
B.It helped farmers at home and abroad study agriculture .
C.It helped farmers produce more rice to feed the world.
D.It helped farmers make a lot of money.
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he had devoted his life.(page 50)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
考点devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
devote one's life/time/energy to(doing) sth 把某人的生命/时间/精力投入到(做)某事
devote oneself to 献身于;专心致力于
devoted adj.全心全意的;忠诚的
be devoted to 献身于;专心于
devotion n.奉献;关爱
语境领悟
(1)Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild their homes.
邻居们把他们的业余时间投入到帮助他人重建家园。
(2)He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion.
他是如此致力于他的英语教学,以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。
(3)Her devotion to the job left her with very little time.
她全身心投入工作,几乎没有闲暇。
温馨提示 上述所有短语中,to均为介词,后面跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Their devotion (devote) to their children was beyond words.
(2)He has devoted himself to fighting (fight) for racial quality.
(3)After I graduated from college,I continued to devote myself (I) to scientific research.
一句多译
他献身于保护野生动物。
(4)He was devoted to protecting the wild animals.
(5)He devoted himself to protecting the wild animals.
2.【教材原文】However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(page 50)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
考点shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
short adj.短的;不足的;矮的
be short for 是……的简称
be short of 缺乏;不足
shortly adv.立刻;马上;不久
语境领悟
(1)The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.
石油短缺很有可能迫使价格上涨。
(2)As a matter of fact,the word “blog” is short for “weblog”.
事实上,“blog”这个单词是“weblog”的简称。
(3)He returned to work shortly after his operation.
手术后不久他就回去上班了。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Call me Jo—it's short for Joanna.
(2)He is short of money,and can't afford a new car to replace his old one.
(3)There is a possibility of severe water shortages (short) in the foreseeable future.
(4) Shortly (short) after he left the bus station,came a bus.
3.【教材原文】Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.(page 50)
而是农民需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。
考点yield n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步
yield to sb/(doing) sth 屈服于某人/做某事
yield sth/sb up (to sb)放弃
语境领悟
(1)This year's yield of wheat is higher than previous years.
今年小麦产量高于往年。
(2)Last year 400,000 acres of land yielded a crop worth $1.75 billion.
去年40万英亩的土地农作物产值达17.5亿美元。
(3)We've already made it clear that we will not yield to pressure.
我们已经表明我们不会屈服于压力。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)It's polite to yield up your seat to an old lady on the bus.
(2)He will soon be forced to yield to his more experienced opponent.
完成句子
(3)我经不住诱惑,吃了一大块巧克力。
I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.
4.【教材原文】Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(page 50)
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
考点convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事
convince sb that...使某人确信……
convince sb to do sth 说服/劝说某人做某事
convinced adj.确信的;深信的
be convinced of sth 坚信……;确信某事
be convinced that...坚信……;确信……
convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
语境领悟
(1)He tried to convince us of the reality of the danger.
他试图使我们相信危险的真实性。
(2)He convinced everybody that he hadn't lied to his father.
他使所有人都相信他没有向他的父亲撒谎。
(3)We convinced my mother to go by train rather than plane.
我们说服了我的母亲乘火车而不乘飞机去。
温馨提示 convinced表示“感到信服的”,通常表示人的状态;而convincing表示“令人信服的”,通常表示物的属性。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I think you will help me convince my parents to leave (leave).
(2)He managed to convince the students of the need for wider reading.
(3)Sam nodded but he didn't look convinced (convince).
(4)It is said that there is no convincing (convince) evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer.
5.【教材原文】One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.(page 50)
杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。
考点attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的
attainment n.成就;造诣
语境领悟
(1)Most of our students attained five “A” grades in the exams.
我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个“A”。
(2)People have different views about how to attain the goal.
人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。
(3)This standard is easily attainable by most students.
这个标准大多数学生都容易达到。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)We hope this objective will be attained (attain).
(2)Keep goals small so they are more easily attainable (attain).
(3)The attainment (attain) of his ambitions was still a dream.
6.【教材原文】The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(page 50)
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
考点assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
make assumptions about...对……臆断
assume vt.假设,认为
assume...to be...认为……是……
It is assumed that...一般认为……
assuming (that)...假设/假定……
语境领悟
(1)His theory was based on a series of wrong assumptions.
他的理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。
(2)I assume her to be the cleverest student in this class.
我认为她是这个班最聪明的学生。
(3)It may be safely assumed that there is no life on Mars.
可以有把握地认为火星上没有生命。
单句语法填空
(1) Assuming (assume)that it is true,what should they do now
(2)It is assumed (assume) that they will be back at noon.
(3)I assume him to be (be) the first boy to climb to the top of the mountain.
(4)We are working on the assumption (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
7.【教材原文】His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality,and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.(page 51)
他后来的“海水稻”愿景也成为现实,有望在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
考点reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
in reality 事实上
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
really adv.真实地;事实上
realise vt.意识到;实现
语境领悟
(1)As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time,the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder.(2021·天津,阅读表达)
随着时尚是我全职想要做的事情变得越来越清楚,我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。
(2)We thought he was joking but in reality he was serious.
我们以为他是在开玩笑,但实际上他是认真的。
(3)If you work hard with a strong will,your dream will certainly be realised.
只要坚定决心,努力工作,你的梦想一定会实现的。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)She gives the impression of being generous,but in reality (real) she is a very selfish girl.
(2)I didn't realise (real) that you were not happy.
(3)I am really (real) proud of this experience,because it helps me realise that we can fulfil our potential.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(page 50)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
句法分析
句中what concerned him most为主语从句,what在从句中做主语;that引导表语从句,that仅为引导词,在从句中不做成分,也没有任何意义。
that和what都可以引导名词性从句。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何成分,无意义,在宾语从句中通常省略,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略;what除引导从句外,what本身在从句中可做主语、宾语或表语,意为“……的(东西)”,在含义上相当于“名词+that”。
语境领悟
(1)What surprised me most was that the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
最让我惊奇的是这个瘦弱的女孩竟然获得了三枚金牌。
(2)Show me what you have bought.
把你买的东西给我看看。
(3)My suggestion is that if it rains tomorrow we had better go to the library.
我的建议是,如果明天下雨,我们最好去图书馆。
学以致用
选词填空(what/that)
(1)The truth is that I didn't go there.
(2)This is what she wanted to show us.
(3) That she is a rich woman is known to us.
2.【教材原文】Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.(pages 50-51)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
句法分析
这个句子的真正主语是从句that about 60 percent...per year。因为真正的主语太长,为了避免句子头重脚轻,所以用形式主语it,构成“It+be+过去分词+that”句式。
英语中还有许多类似的结构,如:It is said/believed/reported that...;有时,该句型可以转换为“Sb/Sth+be said/believed/reported + to do”或“People say/believe/report...that...”的形式。
语境领悟
(1)It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.
这次会议预计要持续4天。
(2)The building is estimated to be completed in ten months.
预计大楼十个月可以完工。
(3)People estimate that the damage was over one million dollars.
人们估计,损失超过了一百万美元。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)据报道,科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。
It is reported that the scientists are trying to invent a new medicine for curing cancer.
(2)人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
(3)据估计,目前世界上有十亿人在饥饿中挣扎。
One billion people are estimated to suffer from hunger in the world.
3.【教材原文】Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(page 51)
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
句法分析
“given that”在句中作连词,意思是“考虑到”,相当于considering that或when you consider。given可用作介词,表示“只要是;考虑到;假定;已知”等意思,后面可以直接加名词,相当于considering。
语境领悟
(1)Given his age,he is very strong and healthy.
考虑到他的年龄,他已经非常强健了。
(2)Given that the students need more exercise,the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼,校长已决定增加更多体育课。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)我通常花钱是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多,我必须这样做。
Usually,I am sensible with money,as I have to be, given/considering that I don't earn that much.
句型转换
(2)When you consider the quality,it is worth the price.
→ Considering/Given the quality,it is worth the price.
(3)Considering how old he is,Tom is remarkably active.
→ Given his age,Tom is remarkably active.
随 堂 训 练
一、单词拼写
1.I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure (闲暇).
2.Schools in some mountainous areas still suffer from a shortage (缺少) of teachers.
3.We have raised the coal output (产量) by using better mining methods.
4.The country suffered huge losses in the financial crisis (危机).
5.He tried to remind us to think about how they overcame (克服) stress and challenges in the past.
6.My work is so intense (紧张的) that I even have no time to take a rest.
7.Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic (国内的) market.
8.What he said convinced (说服) me that I was mistaken.
9.This structure has several advantages over more conventional (传统的) approaches.
10.A child's vocabulary expands (扩大) through reading.
二、选词填空
devote oneself to;be short of;deep down;be convinced of;be comprised of;dream up
1.I hear that your company is short of cash at the moment.
2.From then on he devoted himself to looking after the poor and the sick.
3.The fountain in the park was comprised of three stone basins.
4.I have so many friends,but deep down ,I have a fear of loneliness.
5.He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence.
6.It's unbelievable.How can he dream up such a crazy idea
三、课文语篇填空
Yuan Longping,the “father of hybrid rice”,devoted his life to 1. helping (help) farmers boost their rice yields.2. When he was young,farmers had poor harvests and even had a serious 3. shortage (short) of food to eat,which made him decide to study agriculture.After graduating,he worked as 4. a researcher and he was concerned that only by 5. creating (create) hybrid rice can people tackle the crisis of shortage of food.Through intense effort,Yuan
overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice in 1974.Today about 60% of domestic rice
6. consumption (consume) in China is comprised 7. of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.Yuan's
8. innovation (innovate) has helped feed China and many other countries. Yuan received many awards because of his great contributions to the world.His 9. later (late) vision for “seawater rice” became a reality and everyone was always excited 10. to see (see) what he will dream up next.(共38张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随 堂 训 练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的
2. bomb n.炸弹 vt.轰炸;对……投炸弹
3.tunnel n. 地下通道;地道;隧道
4. wheat n.小麦;小麦籽
5. flavour n. 味道;特点;特色
词汇拓展
1.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
→ extend v.延伸;伸展;扩大;延长
2.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品
→ chemistry n.化学→ chemist n.化学家;药剂师
重点短语
1.make use of 利用
2.be lit with/by ... 由……照亮
3.make up one's mind to do sth 下决心做某事
语 法 图 解
主语从句
探究发现
1.What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity.
袁隆平真正关心的不是钱或名声。
2.It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想,这让全世界都感到震惊。
3.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
4.However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而,是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种,仍众说纷纭。
以上各句都是主从复合句,句中名词性从句做主语,称之为主语从句;主语从句通常直接放在句首,如以上句子中的 1,3,4 ;有时也可用it做形式主语,真正的主语为名词性从句,如 2 。
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Then businessmen decided to make use of it to grow green vegetables to meet increasing consumption demands.(page 52)
然后商人们决定利用它来种植绿色蔬菜,以此来满足日益增长的消费需求。
考点make use of利用;使用
make full use of 充分利用
come into use 开始使用
It's no use doing sth 做某事没有用
语境领悟
(1)Doctors suggested that the patient make full use of the sunshine so that he could recover soon.
医生建议这个病人充分利用阳光,以便很快就能痊愈。
(2)When did the paper money come into use
纸币是何时开始使用的呢
(3)Just as the saying goes,it's no use crying over spilt milk.
正如谚语所说,覆水难收。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)In fact,a new type of microscope came into use earlier than he could imagine.
(2)It's no use trying (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.
(3)Now most of the students are trying to make use of every minute to prepare for the coming exam.
2.【教材原文】However,what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour.(page 53)
然而,她不满意的是,营养价值降低,味道也打了折扣。
考点flavour n. 味道;特点;特色;气氛;像……的想法
a strong flavour 味道浓郁
add/give flavour(to sth)给……提味
语境领悟
(1)The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce.
番茄使调味汁别有风味。
(2)We were deeply impressed by the distinctive flavour of South Florida.
南佛罗里达的独特风情给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(3)Some sugar will add flavour to the dish.
加些糖可以给这道菜肴提味。
学以致用
写出句中黑体词的意思
(1)It is stronger in flavour than other Dutch cheeses.
味道
(2)I have tried to convey something of the flavour of the argument. 像……的想法
(3)Foreign visitors help to give a truly international flavour to the occasion. 气氛
语 法 精 析
主语从句
一、主语从句的含义
在英语中,有的从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,称作名词性从句。复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
二、主语从句的基本用法
1.主语从句的引导词
类别 引导词 说明
从属连词 that,whether 两者在从句中均不做成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether表示“是否”
连接代词 who,what,
which,whoever,
whatever等 在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分
连接副词 when,where,how, why等 在从句中做时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分
(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省略。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。
(2)由连词 whether引导的主语从句:whether表示“是否”,在句中不做成分,不可以省略。
Whether she is coming is still unknown.
她来不来还不知道。
(3)由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever, whomever,whichever,whatever引导的主语从句:连接代词在句中起名词作用,充当一定成分。
What you need is more practice.
你所需要的是更多的训练。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
我们无论做什么都要为人民服务。
(4)由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句:连接副词有含义,在句中做状语。
When they will come hasn't been made public.
他们什么时候来还没有公之于众。
温馨提示 主语从句中连接词的选择技巧: 在确定主语从句中连接词的时候,可以根据连接词在从句中所做的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
2.it做形式主语
为了避免主语显得过长,尤其是陈述句做主语从句时,可以用it做句子的形式主语,把主语从句移到句子的末尾。
句型 说明
It +系动词+形容词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的形容词有important,
(un)likely,possible,necessary,natural,wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的名词有fact,idea,honour,question,pity等
句型 说明
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的过去分词有known,
proved,decided,said,suggested,
thought,reported等
It+不及物动词+主语从句. 常用于此句型的动词有appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a fact that she has done her best.
她尽了最大努力,这是事实。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
报道说未来几年里月球上将建造空间站。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
温馨提示 (1)在“It + 系动词 + 形容词 + 主语从句.”句型中,如果形容词为necessary,important,strange,natural等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。 It is important that he (should) know about this. 他应该知道此事是重要的。
(2)在“It + 系动词 + 过去分词 + 主语从句.”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested,advised,ordered,requested,required等时,从句谓语动词使用“(should+)动词原形”。 It is suggested that the sports meeting(should) be put off. 有人建议推迟举行运动会。
三、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded finally is still a puzzle.
他最后是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主语为从句的主谓一致
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句做主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中做主语、宾语、表语等。此外,它们还可以引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/who的形式。
Whatever she did was right.
她做的一切都是对的。(主语从句)
Keep calm,whatever/no matter what happens.
不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。(让步状语从句)
(2)what和that
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中做句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成“……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
What we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着,真是奇迹。
即 学 即 练
完成句子
(1)很可惜你不能来参加我的生日聚会。
It's a pity that you can't attend my birthday party.
(2)有人建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
It's suggested that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
(3)在我看来你好像不赞成这个计划。
It seems to me that you disagree with the plan .
(4)我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.
(5)他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
随 堂 训 练
一、单句语法填空
1. That my brother won the race made my parents surprised.
2. Whether we'll have a party next week hasn't been decided.
3. How/When/Where he got the important information was a mystery.
4.It happened that she was out when we called.
5.Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
6. Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
7. Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
8.It has not been decided yet who will chair the meeting.
9. What the actress offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
10. It is surprising that the unknown basketball team won the game.
二、句型转换
1.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
→ It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
2.It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
→ When the plane is to take off has not been announced. (共45张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language,
Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随 堂 训 练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.fertiliser n. 肥料
2. organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
3.pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
4. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
5.bacterium n. 细菌
6. digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟
n.摘要;文摘
7. essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
8. mineral n.矿物;矿物质
9. alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
10. grocery n.食品杂货店;[pl.] 食品杂货
11. instance n.例子;实例;事例
12. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源
13. aspect n.方面;层面
词汇拓展
1.nutrition n.营养;滋养→ nutritional adj.营养(物)的
→ nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
2.poverty n.贫穷;贫困→ poor adj.贫穷的
3.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
→ deep adj.深的;低沉的
→ deeply adv.深刻地;强烈地
4.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
→ entire adj.整个的;全部的;完全的
重点短语
1. in use 在使用中
2. in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
3.cause damage to 对……造成损坏
4.as for 至于
5.be rich in 大量含有(或提供)
6. for instance 例如;比如
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
Para.1 & Para.2: B A.What organic farming is.
Para.3: A B.The problems with chemical farming.
Para.4: D C.Why man-made chemicals are still used
in farming.
Para.5: C D.Organic methods for producing rich soil.
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming A
A.They can fight crop disease and increase production.
B.They harm both the land and people's health.
C.They can help produce rich soil.
D.They are not expensive.
2.From the passage,we can see organic farmers are those who B .
A.grow crops with chemical fertilisers
B.grow crops with natural fertilisers
C.produce organic fertilisers
D.care for the environment
3.Why can't we stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely D
A.Organic farming cost us a lot of money.
B.Organic farming can meet people's need.
C.Chemical farming brought us huge profit.
D.Chemical farming helps serve the need for food.
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.(page 55)
此类作物外表靓丽,而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,并且往往口感较差。
考点essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
be essential to/for 对……很重要
It is essential that...(should) do... 做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb to do... 对某人来说做……是完全必要的。
语境领悟
(1)Experience is essential for this job.
对于这份工作,经验是非常重要的。
(2)Though it is the computer era,the food is essential to life.
虽然是计算机时代,食物还是生命里不可缺少的。
(3)It is essential that effective measures be taken to protect our civil rights.
有必要采取有效的措施来保障我们的公民权利。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)When we learn a language,it is essential for us to write (write) compositions.
(2)Sun and water are essential to/for the growth of crops.
(3)It is essential that you (should) learn (learn) Chinese history.
2.【教材原文】As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(page 55)
作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机耕作,而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时,也转而选择有机食品。
考点alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
an alternative to ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth 有做某事的选择
alternatively adv.要不,或者
语境领悟
(1)We have the alternative plans of having a picnic or taking a boat trip.
我们在去野餐或者去乘船旅游两个计划中只能选一样。
(2)You have the alternative of going to college or working.
你可以上大学,也可以工作,任你选择。
(3)The agency will make travel arrangements for you.Alternatively,you can organise your own transport.
旅行社将为你做旅行安排,或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。
温馨提示 1.“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有:have no choice but to do sth;can't do sth but do sth;can do nothing but do sth等。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否则,but之后的to不能省略。 2.在短语an alternative to中,to为介词。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)By 1921,however,peanut had become a real alternative to cotton.
(2)If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight,he has no alternative but to go (go) by air.
(3)The only alternative to contacting (contact) with him is to write to him.
(4)We could take the train or alternatively (alternative) go by car.
3.【教材原文】Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(page 56)
有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物,以保持土壤肥沃。
考点depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
in depth 全面;深入;详细
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of... 在……深处
A is...times the depth of B.A在深度上是B的……倍。
deepen vt.加深
语境领悟
(1)The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.
油井深达数百英尺。
(2)Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches.
把豆子种在大约六英寸深的地方。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
(2)I was in the depths (deep) of despair when the baby was sick.
完成句子
(3)这条河的深度是那条河的三倍。
This river is three times the depth of that one.
4.【教材原文】What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about (page 58)
你还想了解农业的其他重要方面吗
考点aspect n.方面;层面
in every aspect 在每个方面
in many aspects 在许多方面
in all aspects 在各个方面
from every aspect 从各个方面
语境领悟
(1)He has made progress in every aspect.
他在各方面都有起色。
(2)He was interested in all aspects of the work here.
他对这里工作的各个方面都感兴趣。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The book aims to cover all aspects (aspect) of city life.
(2)The relations between our two countries have improved markedly in every aspect.
(3)Have you thought about the problem from every aspect
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(page 55)
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
句法分析
句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,表示否定含义。在该结构中,too为副词,修饰形容词或其他副词。to为不定式,后跟动词原形。不定式做结果状语,常用主动形式,其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语;若不是,不定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。
有时too...to...也表示肯定意义:
too后跟ready,eager,willing,pleased,glad,anxious等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时;too前有but,only,all等词对其进行修饰时;否定词not,never等用在too前时。
语境领悟
(1)Tom was too short to reach the apples on the table.汤姆个头太矮了,够不着桌子上的苹果。
(2)You can't be too careful to do your homework.
你做作业时越细心越好。
(3)He is too eager to know the result of the examination.
他急于知道考试结果。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)我非常愿意找个人说说话。
I am too willing to have someone to speak to.
(2)我想提醒你们,无论何时开始学习都不迟。
I want to remind you that it's never too late to learn .
句型转换
(3)She was so excited that she couldn't say a word when she heard the news.
→She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.
2.【教材原文】Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready for the next batch of crops.(page 56)
种植不同作物的原因,是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物做好准备。
句法分析
句中的making it ready...是动词-ing形式短语做结果状语。动词-ing形式短语做结果状语,相当于一个并列谓语,表示的是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。
动词-ing形式短语做结果状语时常用逗号与主句隔开,表示与主句的动作之间有必然的因果关系,有时在其前加副词thus;动词不定式做结果状语往往表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果,而且不定式前常加only。在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。
语境领悟
(1)Many people moved to New York,making it the largest city in the USA.
很多人去了纽约,使之成为美国最大的城市。
(2)The car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
这辆车遇到了交通堵塞,结果晚点了。
(3)After two days we finally arrived at the small village,only to be told that the old man had passed away.
两天之后我们终于到了这个小村庄,却被告知那个老人已经去世了。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)他跑到火车站,却发现火车已开走了。
He ran to the station, only to find the train had left .
句型转换
(2)His parents died early and left him an orphan.
→His parents died early, leaving him an orphan .
(3)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,which turns the old town into a dreamland.
→Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland .
随 堂 训 练
一、单词拼写
1.The plan received widespread (普遍的) support throughout the country.
2.We should see both aspects (方面) of the problem.
3.Even in small companies,the computer is an essential (极其重要的) tool.
4.Our bodies need to have certain vitamins and minerals (矿物质).
5.Improve the soil by adding organic (有机的) matter.
6.We have a(n) entirely (完全地) different outlook.
7.I have digested (领会) most of the important point in the book.
8.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth (深度) of her knowledge.
9.There are several alternatives (选择) to your plan.
10.Many elderly people live in poverty (贫困).
二、选词填空
be rich in;free of;take root;for instance;in turn;in use
1.All theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.
2.The fence posts took root and grew into the earth.
3.If the scissors are not in use ,I'd like to borrow them.
4.You cannot rely on her, for instance ,she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.
5.It also keeps the air,soil,water,and crops free of chemicals.
6.As far as I'm concerned,the area is known to be rich in gold mines.
三、课文语篇填空
Since the middle of the 20th century it has become very common for farmers to use chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers in farming.It is 1._________ great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Over time,however,scientists 2.__________ (find) that the long-term use can cause damage to the land and make people 3. __________ (healthy).There are lots of problems 4.__________ (cause) by chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers.
a
have found
unhealthy
caused
Therefore some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming,which is 5.__________ (simple) farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on 6.__________ (keep) their soil rich and free 7.__________ disease by using different methods.For example,they prefer using 8.________ (nature) waste from animals as fertiliser.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.They also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.The goal of these 9.__________ (method) is to grow good food 10.__________ to avoid damage to the environment or to people's health.
simply
keeping
of/from
natural
methods
and(共13张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing
写 作 指 导
本单元的写作任务是写一篇“支持有机农业”这一观点的短文,从体裁上来说,属于议论文。发表议论就是通过说理来表达作者的见解和主张。为了使他人同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,以期达到说服别人的目的。
在结构上,议论文通常分为三段:第一段为引言,简要介绍要讨论的问题并明确提出自己的观点;第二段为主体段,通过足够的证据来论证自己的观点;第三段为结论,可以用一两句话来总结全文,同时要注意与首段相呼应。
写一篇表达观点的文章
写评论性的文章尤其要注意两点:一是要有明确的观点或立场。无论是从正面或是从反面评价一个事物,都要通过正向或反向推理来佐证自己的观点。二是要总结自己的感想,这是短文凝聚升华的部分,可以通过举例来证明自己的感想。
典 题 示 例
假设你是李华,最近你的叔叔购买了一大片农田,但就进行有机农业还是化学农业的问题上拿不定主意。就这一问题,你们班级展开了一场激烈的辩论。请结合辩论的结果,写一篇你支持开展有机农业的英语文章并且发表在校报的英语专版上,词数80左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。要点如下:
1.化学农业的危害;
2.有机农业的优点及理由;
3.讨论的结果和大家的期待;
4.根据自己掌握的相关知识,发表自己的观点。
Recently our class held a heated discussion on chemical farming and organic farming.
写 作 探 究
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1.advocate 提倡
2.fertiliser 肥料
3.lead to 导致
4.contain little nutrition 几乎不含有营养
5.attach great importance to 把……看得很重要
提分句型
1.Personally,the latter is what ...
2.On the one hand,chemical farming ...
3.Also,the vegetables grow so ...that ...
4.On the other hand,organic produce is becoming increasingly ...
5.As the saying goes...
妙 笔 成 篇
Recently our class held a heated discussion on chemical farming and organic farming.Personally,the latter is what our society needs to advocate.The reasons are as follows.
On the one hand,chemical farming uses lots of chemical fertilisers.The chemicals staying inside the crops often lead to cancer or other illnesses.Also,the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition.On the other hand,organic
produce is becoming increasingly popular with customers,
who attach great importance to health.Besides,organic produce simply uses natural fertilisers,making vegetables and fruit tasty.Moreover,the produce grows in the clean soil and never uses pesticides,which is beneficial to our health.
As the saying goes,health is the first wealth in life.So,it is wiser to choose organic food.
即 学 即 练
假设你校《英语学习报》在组织一个关于城市生活问题的讨论。你也想在报上谈谈你的看法。你谈的主要内容如下:
1.城市生活的优势;
2.城市生活的劣势;
3.你的看法。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
When it comes to the advantages of urban life,what comes into our minds are _____________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
参考范文
However,as a result of the widespread use of modern vehicles and boosting industry,there are some disadvantages that can't be ignored.For instance,traffic jams have become a big headache for the people driving to and from work. Besides,noises and harmful smoke pose a threat to people's health.
Despite the disadvantages above,I still think it suitable for people to live in the city where there are various cultural events and people can enjoy the convenience of modern life.
