青岛市重点中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
注意事项：
1、本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共95分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共55分，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2.第1卷每小题有一个正确答案，请将选出的答案标号(A、B、C、D)涂在答题卡上。第Ⅱ卷将答案用黑色签字笔(0.5mm)写在答题纸上。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman want from the café
A. Chocolate cookies B. a cold drink C. A sandwich.
2. Who is the game designed for C
A. Teenagers B. Old people. C. Young kids.
3. What does the woman decide to do
A. Cal back later B. Write an email C. Leave a message
4. When was the woman supposed to arrive home
A. At 5: 00 p.m. B. At 6: 00 p.m. C. At 7: 00 p.m.
5. Where did the speakers know about the song
A. From a movie B. From a theater play. C. From an English friend.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小12题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 How does the man keep track of his school work
A. With a homework diary. B. with a paper calendar. C. with a phone app
7. What do we know about the woman
A. She has a poor memory.
B. She is really bad at studying
C. She likes to write her exam schedule on paper.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why is Michael tired
A. He stayed up late.
B. He got up really early
C. He has worked for a long time
9. When did Michael have breakfast today
A. At around 4: 00 a.m. I
B. At around 6: 00 a.m.
C. At around 8: 00 a.m.
10. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In an office B. In a café C. In Michael's house
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What will the woman do on Friday night
A. Catch a fight. B. Work overtime. C. Attend a party.
12. How does the man feel about the work conference
A. Bored. B. Excited C. Hopeless.
13. What will the man do for Sally？
A. Take her out for dinner. B. Buy her some flowers. C. Give her a gift card.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Musician and fan B. Hostess and guest. C. Director and actress.
15. What will happen in the next ten minutes
A. A competition will be announced.
B. A special guest will give a show.
C. A musical play will start.
16. What does the new show collect money for
A. Protecting monkeys. B. Supporting the elderly. C. Looking for lost children.
17. What do the audiences think of the new show
A. It's great. B. It's crazy. C. It's boring.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Where does the speaker probably live
A. In Italy. B. In France C. In the UK
19. What major does the speaker want to study at college
A Computer science. B. History. C. Latin
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. The benefits of learning Latin.
B. The introduction to a Latin club
C. The influence of Latin on English.
第二部分：阅读理解（共2节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下面短文从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As you can imagine, there are many types of advertisements in different mediums, on different channels, and with different goals for their business.
Print advertising
The first print advertisement ran in England in 1472. Since then, this type of advertising has become available in newspapers, magazines, and similar mediums of carrying a brand’s message to its ideal users. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the publisher to place their advertisements in the publication.
Radio advertising
Radio advertising dates back to 1920, when the first commercial radio stations were launched in the United States. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during selected breaks between music or a radio show.
Television advertising
Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.
Internet advertising
Internet advertising took root in the middle of the 1990s. In this advertisement method the advertiser pays the website’s owner to place their advertisements in exposed spaces that are minor to the website’s own content. Internet advertising includes video, search engine marketing, and more.
However, as you know, the advertising types above have developed dramatically since the irrespective origins. Some advertisements have been memorable years after they first ran.
So how do you create an advertising strategy that works fine Please click here to know more about the advertisements and campaigns we learn from.
1. Which type of advertisement served politics besides goods at the very beginning
A. Print advertising. B. Radio advertising.
C. Internet advertising. D. Television advertising.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE for radio advertising and television advertising
A. Both served the same functions. B. Both are shown during selected breaks.
C. Neither first appeared in the U. S. D. Neither developed much over years.
3. Where will you probably read this article
A. In a textbook. B. In a newspaper. C. On a Website. D. In a magazine.
B
I was driving when my phone alerted me to a new email. Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and opened it. My emotions quickly changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a promotion to full professor. My institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table. But when I told my family that night, my children offered a surprisingly positive response. They were excited to see what I was going to do next, they said. They apparently knew long before I did that losing my bid for a promotion would turn out to be the best thing that could have happened for me.
This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and involving so much effort. I had started by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank discussions about my readiness. I had carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. For more than a year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.
To my surprise, having a final answer brought a welcome sense of closure. As a first step toward healing, I decided to prioritize my own values and follow my own internal compass. I disconnected from people in my life who violated my values, cultivated my relationships with those who share my priorities and bring out the best in me, and spent more time with my family. I founded a nonprofit that helps first-generation and low-income students and young professionals advance in the workforce while serving their community. The initiative had long been a dream of mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts. Now, such considerations were no longer my North Star.
Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.
4. What did the author feel after he read the email
A. Anxious and annoyed. B. Embarrassed and ashamed.
C. Relieved and peaceful. D. Disappointed and sorrowful.
5. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. What contributions the writer had made. B. What preparations the writer had made.
C. How successful the career had been. D. How tiring the process had been.
6. Which of the following would the writer probably agree with
A. Success is more than a title or a rank.
B. One’s internal compass is to be developed.
C. Serving the community may heal a broken heart.
D. One’s real value first lies in his family interaction.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Emails: my North Star
B. Full professor: a double-edged sword
C. A career setback becomes a great opportunity
D. An academic career witnesses a failed promotion
C
Moon dust is the absolute worst. Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass. It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface — moon dust covered their suits, worked their way into engines and electronics, and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits.
These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’S planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025, but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust — spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust. The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect. Named after its discoverer, an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface, causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating, such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan. The same principle works similarly in space. In this case, a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around -320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating, causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors.
To test their spray, the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits. They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space. Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. In past lunar missions, astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use. In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.
Going forward the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity. With any luck, maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission, ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things.
8. Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph
A. To prove moon dust is a real headache.
B. To compare past and present moon programs.
C. To show the achievements in moon exploration.
D. To offer readers insights into the Apollo program.
9. What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Liquid waste. B. Moon dust. C. Nitrogen spray. D. Protective coating.
10. What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3
A. It belonged to single-use items for astronauts.
B. It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions.
C. It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits.
D. It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush.
11. What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on
A. Test subjects. B. Complex lunar surface.
C. Other applications. D. Reasons for efficient cleaning.
D
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television reduced the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a short video of the speech on the news.
In these simplified forms, much of what comprised the traditional political speech of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In short videos, politicians assert (断言) but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate (亲密的) medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that is more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
12. What do we know about “stump speech” in paragraph 2
A. It’s an event created by politicians to attract media attention.
B. It’s an interactive discussion between two politicians.
C. It’s a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century.
D. It’s a style of speech common to televised political events.
13. It is suggested in paragraph 4 that ________.
A. politicians need to learn to become more personal
B. attractive politicians are favored by citizens
C. citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed issues
D. citizens need to learn how to evaluate visual political images
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.
B. Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.
C. Citizens today are less informed about a politician’s character than in the past.
D. Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.
15. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Television: an Agent of Change in Politics B. Television: a Platform for Political Debate
C. Television: an Alternative to Stump Speech D. Television: a New Medium for Communication
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From minor challenges to major crises, stress is part of life. And while you can’t always control your circumstances, you can control how you respond to them. When stress becomes strong, it can affect your well-being. ___16___
Focus on breathing. Just focusing on your breath or changing the way you breathe can make a big difference to your overall stress level. Breathing techniques can calm your body and your brain in just a few minutes. ___17___ So whether you’re in a stressful meeting or you’re sitting in a crowded theater, breathing exercises could be key to reducing your stress.
Take a walk. ___18___ Taking a walk allows you to enjoy a change of scenery, which can get you into a different frame of mind, and brings the benefits of exercise as well. So whether you just need to take a stroll around the office or you decide to go for a long walk in the park after work, walking is a simple but effective way to refresh your mind and body.
Get a hug from a loved one. ___19___ Hugging a loved one can be especially beneficial. When you hug someone, oxytocin (后叶催产素) is released. It is associated with higher levels of happiness and lower levels of stress. So don’t be afraid to ask a loved one for a hug if you need it. It’s good for both of you.
___20___ If you aren’t into drawing or painting, consider coloring in a coloring book. Adult coloring books have risen in popularity, and for good reason—coloring can be a great stress reliever. One study found that anxiety levels decline in people who were coloring complex geometric patterns, making it a perfect outlet for stress reduction.
A. Create art work.
B. Develop a new hobby.
C. Physical touch can do a lot to relieve your stress.
D. It reduces stress and produces a sense of relaxation.
E. That’s why it’s essential to have effective stress relievers.
F. Besides, no one around you will know you’re doing them.
G. Exercise is a fantastic stress reliever that can work in minutes.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s ___21___ for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to ___22___ all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus ___23___ , the lion becomes confused and is ___24___ about what to do next. When faced with so many ___25___ , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same ___26___ as the lion How often do you have something you want to achieve (e. g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and ___27___ make progress
This ___28___ me to no end because while all the experts are busy ___29___ about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the ____30____ information. The end ____31____ is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be ____32____ .
It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a ____33____ in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ____34____ is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become, take ____35____ action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
21. A. rarely B. mostly C. nearly D. merely
22. A. stand up B. raise up C. rely on D. focus on
23. A. divided B. limited C. extended D. strengthened
24. A. serious B. unsure C. curious D. skeptical
25. A. bonds B. notices C. options D. desires
26. A. emotion B. reputation C. position D. generation
27. A. never B. always C. often D. already
28. A. upsets B. relieves C. impresses D. moves
29. A. speaking B. worrying C. complaining D. debating
30. A. exchanging B. encouraging C. damaging D. conflicting
31. A. effect B. result C. study D. problem
32. A. defending B. confusing C. improving D. weeping
33. A. whip B. meat C. chair D. hand
34. A. ready B. pleasant C. regretful D. frozen
35. A. orderly B. precise C. rigid D. immediate
第Ⅱ卷
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei, who has dedicated her 40 years to education at China’s southwestern border, ___36___(be) a “mother” for more than 170 children and a principal motivating young girls from impoverished families in ___37___(mountain) areas.
Teaching at a middle school in Huaping county, she saw many girls drop ___38___ of school due to poverty. It saddened her very much and made her realize that an educated female is able to cut the intergenerational ___39___(transmit) of poverty and change the future of three generations. In 2002, Zhang started her preparation to build a free all-girls high school, in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain ___40___ lifting them out of poverty.
In 2007, Zhang went to Beijing for the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress as a deputy. Her report, ___41___ title was “I have a dream” made her dream of building a free all-girls high school known to all. Later, both the Lijiang and Huaping governments ___42___( sponsor) her with a million yuan, Zhang ‘s school was completed, becoming the first free all-girls high school in China.
The school, ___43___(bear) to fight against poverty, is a shelter for a number of girls in that area. During the past 13 years, the school has nurtured over 1, 800 students who have made it ___44___ universities.
Zhang suffers from 23 diseases, including heart disease and emphysema, but she is still working selflessly. She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first one among all the stuff ___45___(arrive) at school. She also checks how the classes are going three times a day. Zhang has made over 1 , 600 family visits annually for the past 12 years, covering a total distance of 110,000 kilometers.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你的学校召开英语征文大赛。你提交了你很满意的文章，结果在获奖名单中却没有你的名字。你打算写信给大赛的评委Lucas，了解具体情况，内容包括：
1. 你的备赛过程；
2. 你的困惑。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucas,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
I was awakened by the sound of heavy boots hitting the floor as my grandfather walked across the wooden floor to the fireplace. He added wood to the fire. Soon, the small wooden house felt warm.
It was 5: 30 on a cold January morning, deep in the mountains of central Pennsylvania. I, a12-year-old boy, was here with my grandfather and four other men on an annual deer-hunting trip. My grandfather wanted me to take the adventure to increase my courage and fun.
Looking at me, he smiled, “Could you make some coffee ” To prove that I was qualified to join this male club, I got up and started the work.
After breakfast, we left the warm and safe house and headed out into the dark, snowy morning, walking through deep snow. When we climbed over a mountain and crossed frozen streams, my grandfather told me to be mindful of where we had been and where we were headed. I tried to keep track of our route, but later had no idea.
About mid-afternoon, we made our way down the side of a new mountain to the stream bed below. My grandfather told me to head to the top of the next mountain, walk along the ridge (山脊) for a few hundred feet, and then come back down. If there were any deer on that part of the mountain, I would need to threaten them down to the bottom where my grandfather waited. So, off I went with a gun.
It took me 20 minutes to climb to the top. I walked along the ridge and then headed back down. I didn’t realize I had crossed over the top and had started back down the other side of the mountain. I headed in the wrong direction. After walking for 45 minutes, I realized I was lost in the woods. I was shocked.
After finally calming myself, I sat down and worked out a plan. I would first fire the gun and then start a fire, hoping my grandfather would know where I was by the sounds and smoke.
I looked at my watch. It was 4: 00. The sun would set down soon.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I held my gun and immediately fired three shots.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, I found my grandfather and other men walking in my direction hurriedly.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力：1-5 BCBBA 6-10 CCBAA 11-15 CBCBA 16-20 BACAA青岛市重点中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
注意事项：
1、本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共95分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共55分，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2.第1卷每小题有一个正确答案，请将选出的答案标号(A、B、C、D)涂在答题卡上。第Ⅱ卷将答案用黑色签字笔(0.5mm)写在答题纸上。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman want from the café
A. Chocolate cookies B. a cold drink C. A sandwich.
2. Who is the game designed for C
A. Teenagers B. Old people. C. Young kids.
3. What does the woman decide to do
A. Cal back later B. Write an email C. Leave a message
4. When was the woman supposed to arrive home
A. At 5: 00 p.m. B. At 6: 00 p.m. C. At 7: 00 p.m.
5. Where did the speakers know about the song
A. From a movie B. From a theater play. C. From an English friend.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小12题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the man keep track of his school work
A. With a homework diary. B. with a paper calendar. C. with a phone app
7. What do we know about the woman
A. She has a poor memory.
B. She is really bad at studying
C. She likes to write her exam schedule on paper.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why is Michael tired
A. He stayed up late.
B. He got up really early
C. He has worked for a long time
9. When did Michael have breakfast today
A. At around 4: 00 a.m. I
B. At around 6: 00 a.m.
C. At around 8: 00 a.m.
10. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In an office B. In a café C. In Michael's house
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What will the woman do on Friday night
A. Catch a fight. B. Work overtime. C. Attend a party.
12. How does the man feel about the work conference
A. Bored. B. Excited C. Hopeless.
13. What will the man do for Sally？
A. Take her out for dinner. B. Buy her some flowers. C. Give her a gift card.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Musician and fan B. Hostess and guest. C. Director and actress.
15. What will happen in the next ten minutes
A. A competition will be announced.
B. A special guest will give a show.
C. A musical play will start.
16. What does the new show collect money for
A. Protecting monkeys. B. Supporting the elderly. C. Looking for lost children.
17. What do the audiences think of the new show
A. It's great. B. It's crazy. C. It's boring.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Where does the speaker probably live
A. In Italy. B. In France C. In the UK
19. What major does the speaker want to study at college
A. Computer science. B. History. C. Latin
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. The benefits of learning Latin.
B The introduction to a Latin club
C. The influence of Latin on English.
第二部分：阅读理解（共2节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下面短文从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
As you can imagine, there are many types of advertisements in different mediums, on different channels, and with different goals for their business.
Print advertising
The first print advertisement ran in England in 1472. Since then, this type of advertising has become available in newspapers, magazines, and similar mediums of carrying a brand’s message to its ideal users. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the publisher to place their advertisements in the publication.
Radio advertising
Radio advertising dates back to 1920, when the first commercial radio stations were launched in the United States. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during selected breaks between music or a radio show.
Television advertising
Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.
Internet advertising
Internet advertising took root in the middle of the 1990s. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the website’s owner to place their advertisements in exposed spaces that are minor to the website’s own content. Internet advertising includes video, search engine marketing, and more.
However, as you know, the advertising types above have developed dramatically since the irrespective origins. Some advertisements have been memorable years after they first ran.
So how do you create an advertising strategy that works fine Please click here to know more about the advertisements and campaigns we learn from.
1. Which type of advertisement served politics besides goods at the very beginning
A. Print advertising. B. Radio advertising.
C. Internet advertising. D. Television advertising.
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE for radio advertising and television advertising
A. Both served the same functions. B. Both are shown during selected breaks.
C. Neither first appeared in the U. S. D. Neither developed much over years.
3. Where will you probably read this article
A. In a textbook. B. In a newspaper. C. On a Website. D. In a magazine.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种广告类型：印刷广告、广播广告、电视广告和互联网广告。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns.(电视广告起源于20世纪40年代，当时是为了宣传实用物品和政治活动)”可知，电视广告最开始是为政治服务的。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during selected breaks between music or a radio show.(在这种广告媒介中，广告商付钱给广播电台，在音乐或广播节目的间歇播放他们的广告)”以及第四段“In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.(在这种广告媒介中，广告商向地方或国家电视网络付费，在该网络常规节目的选定休息时间播放广告)”可知，广播广告和电视广告的共同之处是两者都在选定的休息时间播放。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Please click here to know more about the advertisements and campaigns we learn from.(请按此了解更多我们所学习的广告和活动)”可知，文章选自网站。故选C。
B
I was driving when my phone alerted me to a new email. Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and opened it. My emotions quickly changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a promotion to full professor. My institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table. But when I told my family that night, my children offered a surprisingly positive response. They were excited to see what I was going to do next, they said. They apparently knew long before I did that losing my bid for a promotion would turn out to be the best thing that could have happened for me.
This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and involving so much effort. I had started by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank discussions about my readiness. I had carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. For more than a year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.
To my surprise, having a final answer brought a welcome sense of closure. As a first step toward healing, I decided to prioritize my own values and follow my own internal compass. I disconnected from people in my life who violated my values, cultivated my relationships with those who share my priorities and bring out the best in me, and spent more time with my family. I founded a nonprofit that helps first-generation and low-income students and young professionals advance in the workforce while serving their community. The initiative had long been a dream of mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts. Now, such considerations were no longer my North Star.
Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.
4. What did the author feel after he read the email
A. Anxious and annoyed. B. Embarrassed and ashamed.
C. Relieved and peaceful. D. Disappointed and sorrowful.
5. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. What contributions the writer had made. B. What preparations the writer had made.
C. How successful the career had been. D. How tiring the process had been.
6. Which of the following would the writer probably agree with
A. Success is more than a title or a rank.
B. One’s internal compass is to be developed.
C. Serving the community may heal a broken heart.
D. One’s real value first lies in his family interaction.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Emails: my North Star
B. Full professor: a double-edged sword
C. A career setback becomes a great opportunity
D. An academic career witnesses a failed promotion
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and opened it. My emotions quickly changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a promotion to full professor. My institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table.(我满怀期待地把车停在路边，打开危险灯，打开车门。当我第六次也是最后一次得知自己被拒绝晋升为正教授时，我的情绪迅速发生了变化。我所在的机构似乎并不看重我带来的东西。)”可知，作者满怀期待打开邮件，却发现自己再一次被拒绝，由此可推知，作者读完邮件之后的心情应该是失望的和悲伤的。故选D。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and involving so much effort. I had started by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank discussions about my readiness. I had carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. For more than a year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.(这是一个长达15个月的漫长过程的最后一步，涉及了如此多的努力。我从研究成功的晋升案例开始，并请资深学者坦率地讨论我的准备情况。我仔细准备了我的申请材料，总结了我在职业生涯中取得的所有成就。在一年多的时间里，我每天都花几个小时来证明我对学校的价值。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了作者做了怎样的准备。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The initiative had long been a dream of mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts. Now, such considerations were no longer my North Star.(这个计划一直是我的梦想，但我从未追求过，因为典型的学术招聘和晋升不会奖励这种努力。现在，这样的考虑不再是我的北极星。)”和文章最后一段“I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.(我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地方。)”可推知，作者可能会同意成功不仅仅是一个头衔或地位。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.(收到那封来自高层领导的电子邮件五个月后，我发现自己又坐在车里，经历了另一个职业生涯的决定性时刻。我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地方。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。由此可知，C项：A career setback becomes a great opportunity(事业上的挫折会变成一次绝好的机会)是最好的标题。故选C。
C
Moon dust is the absolute worst. Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass. It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface — moon dust covered their suits, worked their way into engines and electronics, and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits.
These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’S planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025, but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust — spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust. The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect. Named after its discoverer, an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface, causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating, such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan. The same principle works similarly in space. In this case, a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around -320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating, causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors.
To test their spray, the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits. They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space. Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. In past lunar missions, astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use. In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.
Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity. With any luck, maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission, ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things.
8. Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph
A. To prove moon dust is a real headache.
B. To compare past and present moon programs.
C. To show the achievements in moon exploration.
D. To offer readers insights into the Apollo program.
9. What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Liquid waste. B. Moon dust. C. Nitrogen spray. D. Protective coating.
10. What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3
A. It belonged to single-use items for astronauts.
B. It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions.
C. It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits.
D. It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush.
11. What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on
A. Test subjects. B. Complex lunar surface.
C. Other applications. D. Reasons for efficient cleaning.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。月球尘埃造成的问题十分让人头疼，华盛顿州立大学的一个大学生团队刚刚开发了一种解决月球尘埃的方法——向月球尘埃喷洒液氮。文章对此进行了介绍。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段前两句“Moon dust is the absolute worst. Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.(月球尘埃绝对是最糟糕的。静电不仅使它能粘在几乎所有东西上，而且它还具有磨细的玻璃纤维的一致性和触感。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“阿波罗”是为了证明月球尘埃是件很头疼的事。故选A。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around -320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating(液氮喷雾（通常在-320华氏度左右）与月球表面相对温暖的尘埃涂层接触)”和“turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors(变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上)”可知，此处是指把月球表面的尘埃变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上，所以particles是指“月球尘埃”。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. In past lunar missions, astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use. In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.(液氮喷雾不仅在后一种情况下表现更好，而且只对航天服材料造成最小的损坏。在过去的月球任务中，宇航员专门用于清除月球尘埃的刷子在一次使用后经常会损坏宇航服。相比之下，液氮喷雾在出现类似问题之前使用了75次。)”可知，研究小组发现液氮喷雾与刷子相比能更好地保护宇航服。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity.(展望未来，该团队希望进一步研究使清洁过程如此有效的复杂性，并获得资金来建造更接近月球表面重力的试验室。)”可知，喷雾的后续研究可能集中在高效清洁的原因上。故选D。
D
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television reduced the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a short video of the speech on the news.
In these simplified forms, much of what comprised the traditional political speech of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In short videos, politicians assert (断言) but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate (亲密的) medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that is more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
12. What do we know about “stump speech” in paragraph 2
A. It’s an event created by politicians to attract media attention.
B. It’s an interactive discussion between two politicians.
C. It’s a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century.
D. It’s a style of speech common to televised political events.
13. It is suggested in paragraph 4 that ________.
A. politicians need to learn to become more personal
B. attractive politicians are favored by citizens
C. citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed issues
D. citizens need to learn how to evaluate visual political images
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.
B. Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.
C. Citizens today are less informed about a politician’s character than in the past.
D. Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.
15. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Television: an Agent of Change in Politics B. Television: a Platform for Political Debate
C. Television: an Alternative to Stump Speech D. Television: a New Medium for Communication
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式。如今的政治演讲比过去更像广告，知情公民需要一套新的技能来应对。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news.(19世纪流行的政治演说，即政治家在旅行中发表的持续1到2小时的政治演说，已经被30秒的广告和10秒的广播新闻“声音片段”所取代)”可知，“政治演说”是一种典型的十九世纪的政治表现。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.(对电视的依赖意味着，我们的政治世界越来越多地充斥着令人难忘的画面，而不是令人难忘的话语。学校教我们分析文字和印刷品。然而，在一个政治日益可视化的世界里，知情的公民需要一套新的技能)”可推知，公民需要学习如何评价视觉政治形象。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.(我们在电视新闻中看到的许多政治活动都是由政治家、他们的演讲撰稿人和他们的公共关系顾问精心策划的，以供电视消费。新闻中的插话和辩论中对问题的回答越来越像广告)”可知，今天的政治演讲比过去更像广告。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics.(电视改变了信息传播的方式，改变了政治运动，改变了公民对政治的反应模式，从而改变了美国的政治)”可知，文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式。如今的政治演讲比过去更像广告。A选项“电视：政治变革的推动者”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From minor challenges to major crises, stress is part of life. And while you can’t always control your circumstances, you can control how you respond to them. When stress becomes strong, it can affect your well-being. ___16___
Focus on breathing. Just focusing on your breath or changing the way you breathe can make a big difference to your overall stress level. Breathing techniques can calm your body and your brain in just a few minutes. ___17___ So whether you’re in a stressful meeting or you’re sitting in a crowded theater, breathing exercises could be key to reducing your stress.
Take a walk. ___18___ Taking a walk allows you to enjoy a change of scenery, which can get you into a different frame of mind, and brings the benefits of exercise as well. So whether you just need to take a stroll around the office or you decide to go for a long walk in the park after work, walking is a simple but effective way to refresh your mind and body.
Get a hug from a loved one. ___19___ Hugging a loved one can be especially beneficial. When you hug someone, oxytocin (后叶催产素) is released. It is associated with higher levels of happiness and lower levels of stress. So don’t be afraid to ask a loved one for a hug if you need it. It’s good for both of you.
___20___ If you aren’t into drawing or painting, consider coloring in a coloring book. Adult coloring books have risen in popularity, and for good reason—coloring can be a great stress reliever. One study found that anxiety levels decline in people who were coloring complex geometric patterns, making it a perfect outlet for stress reduction.
A. Create art work.
B. Develop a new hobby.
C. Physical touch can do a lot to relieve your stress.
D. It reduces stress and produces a sense of relaxation.
E. That’s why it’s essential to have effective stress relievers.
F. Besides, no one around you will know you’re doing them.
G. Exercise is a fantastic stress reliever that can work in minutes.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些减轻压力的有效措施。
【16题详解】
上文“And while you can’t always control your circumstances, you can control how you respond to them. When stress becomes strong, it can affect your well-being.( 虽然你不能总是控制你的环境，但你可以控制你如何应对它们。当压力变得强大时，它会影响你的健康。)”说明可以通过一些措施应对压力，结合下文介绍了一些措施，因此推断E项“这就是为什么必须有有效的减压方式。”符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
上文“Focus on breathing. Just focusing on your breath or changing the way you breathe can make a big difference to your overall stress level. Breathing techniques can calm your body and your brain in just a few minutes.(专注于呼吸。只要专注于你的呼吸或改变你的呼吸方式，就能对你的整体压力水平产生很大的影响。呼吸技巧可以在几分钟内让你的身体和大脑平静下来。)”说明专注于呼吸有助于减低压力，因此推动D项“它可以减轻压力并产生放松感。”承接上文，it指代“专注于呼吸”，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据标题Take a walk.和下文“Taking a walk allows you to enjoy a change of scenery, which can get you into a different frame of mind, and brings the benefits of exercise as well.( 散步可以让你欣赏到不同的风景，这可以让你进入一个不同的心态，并带来锻炼的好处。)”可推断，此处讲述散步这种锻炼方式可以缓解压力，因此推断G项“运动是一种极好的减压方式，可以在几分钟内起作用。”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
上文“Get a hug from a loved one.(得到爱人的拥抱。)”和下文“Hugging a loved one can be especially beneficial. When you hug someone, oxytocin (后叶催产素) is released. It is associated with higher levels of happiness and lower levels of stress.( 拥抱心爱的人尤其有益。当你拥抱某人时，催产素被释放。它与更高水平的幸福和更低水平的压力有关。)”可知，本段讲述拥抱可以减轻压力，因此推断C项“身体接触可以大大缓解你的压力”符合语境，C项“Physical touch”呼应hug，故选C。
【20题详解】
空处为本段标题。根据下文“If you aren’t into drawing or painting, consider coloring in a coloring book. Adult coloring books have risen in popularity, and for good reason—coloring can be a great stress reliever. One study found that anxiety levels decline in people who were coloring complex geometric patterns, making it a perfect outlet for stress reduction. ( 如果你不喜欢画画，可以考虑在涂色书中涂色。成人涂色书越来越受欢迎，有充分的理由——涂色可以很好地缓解压力。一项研究发现，给复杂几何图案上色的人的焦虑水平会下降，这是减压的完美途径。)”可知，此处讲述通过涂色缓解压力，也就是艺术可以缓解压力，因此推动A项“创作艺术作品”为最佳标题。故选A。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s ___21___ for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to ___22___ all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus ___23___ , the lion becomes confused and is ___24___ about what to do next. When faced with so many ___25___ , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same ___26___ as the lion How often do you have something you want to achieve (e. g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and ___27___ make progress
This ___28___ me to no end because while all the experts are busy ___29___ about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the ____30____ information. The end ____31____ is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be ____32____ .
It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a ____33____ in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ____34____ is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become, take ____35____ action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
21. A. rarely B. mostly C. nearly D. merely
22. A. stand up B. raise up C. rely on D. focus on
23. A. divided B. limited C. extended D. strengthened
24. A. serious B. unsure C. curious D. skeptical
25. A. bonds B. notices C. options D. desires
26. A. emotion B. reputation C. position D. generation
27. A. never B. always C. often D. already
28. A. upsets B. relieves C. impresses D. moves
29. A. speaking B. worrying C. complaining D. debating
30. A. exchanging B. encouraging C. damaging D. conflicting
31. A. effect B. result C. study D. problem
32. A. defending B. confusing C. improving D. weeping
33. A. whip B. meat C. chair D. hand
34. A. ready B. pleasant C. regretful D. frozen
35. A. orderly B. precise C. rigid D. immediate
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文通过描述驯兽师驯狮子的过程，让我们了解到“当你发现这个世界在你的面前挥舞着椅子时，你要做的事情就是把注意力集中在一件事情上，你需要的就是开始”。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：鞭子吸引了所有的注意力，但它主要是为了表演。A. rarely罕见地；B. mostly通常，主要地；C. nearly几乎；D. merely仅仅。根据“A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair.”可知，使用鞭子是为了表演。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当驯兽师把椅子举到狮子面前时，狮子会试图同时注意椅子的四条腿。A. stand up站起来；B. raise up举起；C. rely on依靠；D. focus on集中于，专注于。根据“With its focus ___3___”可知，椅子是为了让狮子把注意力集中在四条腿上。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于注意力分散，狮子变得困惑，不确定下一步该做什么。A. divided分开，划分；B. limited限制；C. extended扩大，扩展；D. strengthened加强。根据“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to ___2___ all four legs of the chair at the same time.”可知，椅子分散了狮子注意力。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. serious严重的；B. unsure不确定的；C. curious好奇的；D. skeptical怀疑的。根据“With its focus ___3___ , the lion becomes confused”可知，注意力被分散后，狮子感到困惑，不确定接下来该做什么。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对如此多的选择，狮子选择静止等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。A. bonds联系，连接；B. notices通知；C. options选择；D. desires欲望，愿望。根据“the lion chooses to freeze and wait”可知，狮子面临很多选择。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有多少次发现自己和狮子处于同样的境地？A. emotion情感，情绪；B. reputation名声，名誉；C. position位置；D. generation一代。根据下文“How often do you have something you want to achieve (e. g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and ___7___ make progress ”可知，此处把人的行为和狮子的行为进行类比，因此是处于相同的境地。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你有多少次想要实现某件事(比如减肥、创业、多旅行)，但最后却被摆在你面前的所有选择搞糊涂了，而且从未取得进展？A. never从未；B. always总是；C. often经常；D. already已经。根据“only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you”可知，因为被众多选择迷惑了，所以从来没有进步。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我心烦意乱，因为当所有的专家都在忙着争论哪个选择是最好的时候，那些想要改善生活的人却被所有相互矛盾的信息所迷惑。A. upsets使烦恼；B. relieves宽慰；C. impresses使印象深刻；D. moves移动，搬家。根据“the people who want to improve their lives are left confused”可知，作者因为感到困惑而心烦意乱。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. speaking说话；B. worrying担心；C. complaining抱怨；D. debating争论，辩论。根据“which option is best”可知，专家们在争论哪个选择是最好的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. exchanging交换，交流；B. encouraging鼓励；C. damaging损坏，伤害；D. conflicting冲突，抵触。根据“all the experts are busy ___9___ about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused”可知，因为各种专家争论的观点不一样，导致那些想要改善生活的人却被所有相互矛盾的信息所迷惑。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终结果是，我们觉得我们无法集中注意力，或者我们把注意力集中在错误的事情上，所以我们采取的行动更少，进步更少，在我们可以提高的时候保持不变。A. effect影响；B. result结果；C. study研究；D. problem问题。根据“that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress”可知，这是专家争论导致个人在做选择时感到迷惑，进而造成的不良结果。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. defending防御；B. confusing使困惑；C. improving提高，改善；D. weeping流泪。根据“the people who want to improve their lives”可知，此处表示提高。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你发现这个世界在你面前挥舞一把椅子时，记住这一点：你所需要做的就是专注于一件事。A. whip鞭；B. meat肉；C. chair椅子；D. hand手。根据上文“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,”可知，此处是信息词chair的词汇复现。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你觉得准备好之前就开始是成功人士的习惯之一。A. ready准备好的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. regretful后悔的；D. frozen吓呆的，结冰的。根据“You just need to get started.”可知，作者建议在觉得准备好之前就开始。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你有你想去的地方，你想完成的事情，你想成为的人，立即采取行动。A. orderly整洁的，有秩序的；B. precise精确的；C. rigid僵硬的，死板的；D. immediate立刻的。根据“Starting before you feel ___14___ is one of the habits of successful people.”可知，作者建议有了想法就要立刻采取行动。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei, who has dedicated her 40 years to education at China’s southwestern border, ___36___(be) a “mother” for more than 170 children and a principal motivating young girls from impoverished families in ___37___(mountain) areas.
Teaching at a middle school in Huaping county, she saw many girls drop ___38___ of school due to poverty. It saddened her very much and made her realize that an educated female is able to cut the intergenerational ___39___(transmit) of poverty and change the future of three generations. In 2002, Zhang started her preparation to build a free all-girls high school, in hope of changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain ___40___ lifting them out of poverty.
In 2007, Zhang went to Beijing for the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress as a deputy. Her report, ___41___ title was “I have a dream” made her dream of building a free all-girls high school known to all. Later, both the Lijiang and Huaping governments ___42___( sponsor) her with a million yuan, Zhang ‘s school was completed, becoming the first free all-girls high school in China.
The school, ___43___(bear) to fight against poverty, is a shelter for a number of girls in that area. During the past 13 years, the school has nurtured over 1, 800 students who have made it ___44___ universities.
Zhang suffers from 23 diseases, including heart disease and emphysema, but she is still working selflessly. She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first one among all the stuff ___45___(arrive) at school. She also checks how the classes are going three times a day. Zhang has made over 1 , 600 family visits annually for the past 12 years, covering a total distance of 110,000 kilometers.
【答案】36. is 37. mountainous
38 out 39. transmission
40. and 41. whose
42. having sponsored
43 born##borne
44. to 45. to arrive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了张桂梅致力于中国西南偏远地区的女子教育的感人事迹。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。分析句子结构可知，本句是who引导的非限制性定语从句，be动词作主句谓语，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语是Zhang Guimei为第三人称单数。故填is。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，mountain的形容词形式是mountainous意为“多山的”。故填mountainous。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：在华平县的一所中学教书时，她看到许多女孩因贫困而辍学。此处是固定搭配：drop out意为“辍学”。故填out。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这让她非常伤心，也让她意识到，一个受过教育的女性可以切断贫困的代际传递，改变三代人的未来。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，transmit的名词形式是transmission。故填transmission。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：2002年，张开始筹备建立一所免费的女子高中，希望改变山区女孩的命运，让她们摆脱贫困。根据句意可知“changing the destiny of the girls in the mountain”和“lifting them out of poverty”是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她的报告题目是“我有一个梦想”，她的梦想是建立一所免费的女子高中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Her report，在从句中作定语修饰title，用whose引导。故填whose。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，丽江省政府和华坪省政府都出资100万元资助她，她的学校建成了，成为中国第一所免费的女子高中。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was completed，所以sponsor用非谓语形式，此处是独立主格结构，和逻辑主语Lijiang and Huaping governments之间是主动关系，sponsor动作发生在学校建成之前，用现在完成时。故填having sponsored。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这所学校是为消除贫困而设立的，是该地区一些女孩的庇护所。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以bear用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语school之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填born或者borne。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：在过去的13年里，学校培养了1800多名进入大学的学生。此处是固定搭配：make it to sth.意为“成功进入...”。故填to。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她早上5点起床，总是第一个到学校。此处是固定句型：主语+be+序数词+名词+to do意为“第几做某事”，不定式作后置定语。故填to arrive。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你的学校召开英语征文大赛。你提交了你很满意的文章，结果在获奖名单中却没有你的名字。你打算写信给大赛的评委Lucas，了解具体情况，内容包括：
1. 你的备赛过程；
2. 你的困惑。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucas,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Lucas,
Burdened with the boldness to bother you, I am one of the participants of the English Composition Contest, who has some confusion for you to shed light on.
Pouring my heart into the contest, I exerted myself to come up a barely-satisfying draft. After days of dedication of revising, modifying and polishing, it eventually metamorphosed into a flawless masterpiece to me. Nevertheless, the absence of my name in the scroll of winners shattered my eager anticipation. Swallowed by disappointment, self- doubt and depression, I do not have alternatives but to resort to you.
If you could spare my pain by unveiling some details of the contest or enlightening me with the feedback of my essay, I would highly appreciate it. Thanks for your kind attention.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你在学校召开英语征文大赛中，提交了你很满意的文章，结果在获奖名单中却没有你的名字这一事情，给大赛的评委Lucas写信，了解具体情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最终：eventually→ finally
然而：Nevertheless→ However
感谢：appreciate→ thank
选择：alternatives→ choices
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Swallowed by disappointment, self- doubt and depression, I do not have alternatives but to resort to you.
拓展句：Because I was swallowed by disappointment, self- doubt and depression, I do not have alternatives but to resort to you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Burdened with the boldness to bother you, I am one of the participants of the English Composition Contest, who has some confusion for you to shed light on.（运用了关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句以及非谓语动词中的过去分词形式作状语。）
【高分句型2】Pouring my heart into the contest, I exerted myself to come up a barely-satisfying draft.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词形式作状语。）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was awakened by the sound of heavy boots hitting the floor as my grandfather walked across the wooden floor to the fireplace. He added wood to the fire. Soon, the small wooden house felt warm.
It was 5: 30 on a cold January morning, deep in the mountains of central Pennsylvania. I, a12-year-old boy, was here with my grandfather and four other men on an annual deer-hunting trip. My grandfather wanted me to take the adventure to increase my courage and fun.
Looking at me, he smiled, “Could you make some coffee ” To prove that I was qualified to join this male club, I got up and started the work.
After breakfast, we left the warm and safe house and headed out into the dark, snowy morning, walking through deep snow. When we climbed over a mountain and crossed frozen streams, my grandfather told me to be mindful of where we had been and where we were headed. I tried to keep track of our route, but later had no idea.
About mid-afternoon, we made our way down the side of a new mountain to the stream bed below. My grandfather told me to head to the top of the next mountain, walk along the ridge (山脊) for a few hundred feet, and then come back down. If there were any deer on that part of the mountain, I would need to threaten them down to the bottom where my grandfather waited. So, off I went with a gun.
It took me 20 minutes to climb to the top. I walked along the ridge and then headed back down. I didn’t realize I had crossed over the top and had started back down the other side of the mountain. I headed in the wrong direction. After walking for 45 minutes, I realized I was lost in the woods. I was shocked.
After finally calming myself, I sat down and worked out a plan. I would first fire the gun and then start a fire, hoping my grandfather would know where I was by the sounds and smoke.
I looked at my watch. It was 4: 00. The sun would set down soon.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I held my gun and immediately fired three shots.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, I found my grandfather and other men walking in my direction hurriedly.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I held my gun and immediately fired three shots. The loud sounds quickly spread. Then, I cocked my ears. Immediately, I heard three answering shots, and I was pretty sure which direction they had come from. But I didn’t leave, thinking, “Stay put. It’s easier to find a lost person who is sitting still.” I just stayed there, gathering dry leaves and branches nearby, and soon started a fire. Later, I added wet branches and leaves to it. It caused big smoke, which flew into the sky. I sat by the fire, looking around.
Finally, I found my grandfather and other men walking in my direction hurriedly. Excited, I rushed to them. Seeing me, my grandfather sighed with relief and hugged me. Then, we headed back towards the house. On the way, my grandfather didn’t blame me for being lost. Instead, he praised me for knowing how to handle such an emergency. Besides, he explained how to avoid being lost again. The next morning, I went hunting with my grandfather again. I wouldn’t be scared away by the previous accident. I determined to be brave and make progress in tracking my route and telling directions.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和爷爷在一个寒冷的早晨外出打猎。下午时，爷爷让作者到下一座山的山顶把看到的鹿赶下山，但作者在返回时走错了方向，离爷爷越来越远，最后作者迷路了，不得不想办法脱困。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我拿起枪，立刻开了三枪。”可知，第一段可描写作者在发出求救信号后的心理活动和所做的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，我发现我的祖父和其他男人匆忙地向我走来。”可知，第二段可描写爷爷对作者自救行为的反应以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：作者思考待在原地——生活引起浓烟——坐在火旁环顾四周——兴奋冲向人群——爷爷拥抱作者，感到宽慰——爷爷赞美作者——解释如何避免再次迷路——作者决心勇敢，取得进步
3.词汇激活
行为类
思考：think/consider
引起：cause/give rise to
拥抱：hug/embrace
决定做某事：be determined to do sth./make up one’s mind to do sth.
情绪类
兴奋的：excited/thrilled
舒了口气：sigh with relief/give a sigh of relief
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Immediately, I heard three answering shots, and I was pretty sure which direction they had come from.（运用了which引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
It caused big smoke, which flew into the sky.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
听力：1-5 BCBBA 6-10 CCBAA 11-15 CBCBA 16-20 BACAA
