(共7张PPT)
悦读·导入
文章导语:中国古代经典诗歌是中国传统文化的瑰宝,尤其是唐诗,是中华文化宝库中的一颗明珠。
When it comes to Tang poetry,we can't avoid speaking of the Tang Dynasty,which is one of the greatest dynasties in Chinese history.
With the development of trade with foreign countries, cultural development became booming in the Tang Dynasty, so did scientific knowledge.The invention of printing marked the beginning of the golden age of literature—Tang poetry.
With beautiful poetic images and a wide range of topics, Tang poetry was better than everything that had come before it.But how did this happen There is no single answer to the question.An explosion1 of talent,and the appearance of new forms were both important.The “modern style” poetry
appeared during the Tang Dynasty.Each line has five or seven characters,and there are lots of rules which govern the tonal2 patterns.Besides,being able to write poetry was also an important qualification for people who wanted to become government officials.A good poet had a better chance of getting a good job.So lots of people became interested in poetry.
It is suggested that Tang poetry should be passed on and on as the beautiful pictures they paint can broaden our horizons3 and enrich our imagination.All in all,the Tang poems should be valued as great property.
词海拾贝
1.explosion /Ik spl n/ n.爆炸;猛增;迸发
2.tonal / t nl/ adj.音调的;声调的
3.horizon /h raIzn/ n.地平线;眼界;(知识或兴趣的)范围
美文凝萃
1.Why did people like writing poems in the Tang Dynasty
A.Tang poetry was better than everything that had come before it.
B.A good poet had a better chance of getting a good job.
C.There are lots of rules which govern the tonal patterns.
D.Lots of people became interested in poetry.
2.List a Tang poem and try to translate it into English.
略
√(共65张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随 堂 训 练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.imagery n. 形象的描述;意象;像
2.nursery adj. 幼儿教育的 n. 托儿所;保育室
3. folk adj.民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的
4.mockingbird n. 嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽,能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫)
5. diamond n.钻石;金刚石;菱形
6.brass n. 黄铜;黄铜制品;铜管乐器
7.billy goat n. 公山羊
8.bull n. 公牛
9.bee n. 蜜蜂
10.dewdrop n. 露珠;水珠
11.dawn n. 黎明;开端;萌芽
12.clover n. 三叶草
13.butterfly n. 蝴蝶
14.lawn n. 草坪,草地
15. amateur n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的;业余爱好的
16.cinquain n. 五行诗
17.tease vi.& vt. 取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄
18.haiku n. 俳句
19.syllable n. 音节
20. format n.格式;总体安排;(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化
21.blossom n. 花朵;花簇
22. delicate adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的
23.await vt. 等候;期待;将发生在
24.revolve vi. 旋转;环绕;转动
25.utter vt. 出声;说;讲 adj. 完全的;十足的;彻底的
词汇拓展
1.drama n.戏;剧;戏剧艺术→ dramatic adj.戏剧的;戏剧性的
→ dramatically adv.显著地;戏剧性地
2.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
→ sorrowful adj.悲伤的
3.literary adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的
→ literature n.文学;文学作品
4.rhyme n.押韵词;押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵
→ rhythm n.节奏;韵律;规律
5.recite vt.背诵;吟诵;列举
→ recitation n.背诵;朗读
6.mood n.情绪;心情;语气
→ moody adj.情绪多变的;喜怒无常的
7.respective adj.分别的;各自的
→ respectively adv.分别;各自;依次为
8.comprehension n.理解力;领悟力;理解练习
→ comprehend v.理解;领悟;懂
重点短语
1. to the point 简明恰当;简洁中肯
2. make sense 讲得通;有意义
3.be made up of 由……组成(构成)
4.be popular with 受……欢迎
5.translate... into ...把……翻译成……
6.choose from 从……中选择
7. of your own 你自己的
8.give it a try 试一下
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与主旨大意相匹配
1.Paragraph 1 A.Nursery rhymes.
2.Paragraph 2 B.The distinctive features of poetry.
3.Paragraph 3 C.The cinquain.
4.Paragraph 4 D.List poems.
5.Paragraph 5 E.Give it a try!
6.Paragraph 6 F.Tang poetry.
7.Paragraph 7 G.The haiku.
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Why do poets use different forms of poetry
A.They want to express themselves.
B.They want to attract more people.
C.They want to describe things in more details.
D.They want people to learn from them.
√
2.Which of the following about nursery rhymes is true
A.Most of these poems make sense.
B.These poems have a weak rhythm.
C.They repeat certain words a lot.
D.They must be repeated by children.
√
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.Nursery rhymes don't make sense sometimes.
B.List poems have a flexible line length.
C.The cinquain is a form of poem from Japan.
D.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English.
√
4.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.The reasons why people compose poetry.
B.Different forms of some English poems.
C.How to use words to compose a poem.
D.How to enjoy a simple poem.
√
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.(page 50)
还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感,如喜悦和悲伤。
考点sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
in sorrow 悲伤地;悲痛地
to one's sorrow 令某人悲痛的是……
share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
sorrow at/for/over sth 对……感到悲伤
sorrowful adj.悲伤的;悲痛的
sorrows n.伤心事;不幸
语境领悟
(1)Words cannot express my sorrow at the moment.
言语无法表达我当时的哀伤。
(2)At the news of the king's passing away,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
听到国王逝世,整个国家陷入极度悲伤中。
(3)The people present at the meeting sorrowed over his death.
出席会议的人都对他的离世感到悲伤。
(4)As a matter of fact,he daren't look up to see her sorrowful eyes.
事实上,他不敢抬头看她悲伤的眼睛。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1) To our great sorrow,he died at his post.
(2)The local people are sorrowing over the death of the loved nurse.
(3)Here he remained the whole night,feeling very tired and sorrowful (sorrow).
完成句子
(4)他们说作出这个决定,与其说是出于气愤,不如说是出于悲伤。
They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger .
(5)舞蹈可以表达人世间的爱与恨、乐与悲、生与死等一切事物。
Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow , life and death,and everything else in between.
2.【教材原文】The language of these rhymes,like Poem A,is to the point but has a storyline.(page 50)
这些童谣的语言恰到好处,却含有故事情节,如诗歌A。
考点to the point 简明恰当;简洁中肯
get/come to the point 切入正题
off the point 不切正题;无关紧要
to the point of (doing) sth 达到某种程度;近乎
be on the point of (doing) sth 正要做某事
There is no point in (doing) sth. ……是没有意义的。
语境领悟
(1)I'll come straight to the point.
我就直奔主题了。
(2)Your composition is off the point.
你的作文跑题了。
(3)I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bush.
我正要放弃搜索,这时灌木丛中有什么东西引起了我的注意。
(4)There is no point in arguing with him.
和他争论是没有用处的。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)我们谈正题吧,否则我们达不成任何一致意见。
Let's get/come to the point or we'll never reach any agreements.
(2)生气是没有用的。
There is no point in getting angry.
(3)他正要说出事情的真相,这时有人阻止了他。
He was on the point of telling the truth when someone stopped him.
3.【教材原文】The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory,but they are easy to learn and recite. (page 50)
这些童谣也许没有道理,甚至自相矛盾,但是很容易学习和背诵。
考点make sense 讲得通;有意义
make sense of...理解/明白……的意思
it makes sense to do sth 做某事有意义
make no sense 讲不通,没意义
common sense 常识
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时,句子用部分倒装)
a sense of direction/humour/duty 方向感/幽默感/责任感
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没道理
语境领悟
(1)What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.
她所讲的话如此令人费解,他们搞不明白是什么意思。
(2)Your computer has broken down again!It doesn't make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
你的电脑又坏了!只是为了省点钱买最廉价品牌的电脑没意义。
(3)In a sense,what he has done is worth praising.
从某种意义上说,他所做的是值得赞扬的。
(4)(2022·浙江卷)His trust in me is absolute which is quite a nice feeling,but at the same time gives me a huge sense of responsibility.
他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了我一种巨大的责任感。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)我再读了一遍才理解其含义。
I didn't make sense of it until I read it a second time.
(2)高兴点吧!没有必要为此事烦恼。
Cheer up! There is no sense in getting upset about it.
(3)提前做科学计划是有道理的。
It makes sense to make a scientific plan ahead of time.
(4)我决不同意这个建议。
In no sense will I agree with the suggestion.
4.【教材原文】Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain,which is made up of five lines. (page 51)
(对于)业余诗人(而言)容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗,它由五个诗行构成。
考点be made up of 由……组成(构成)
be made of 由……制成的(指在制成品中看得出原材料)
be made from 由……制成的(指在制成品中看不出原材料)
make up 构成;组成;占;铺床;化妆;补上;和解;编造
make up for 弥补
be made into 被制成
make out 理解;辨认出
语境领悟
(1)It is said that the students' final score will be made up of 5 parts.
据说学生的最终得分由五部分组成。
(2)Concrete is made of cement,sand,and gravel mixed with water.
混凝土是由水泥、沙子、碎石和水混合而成的。
(3)They made up for their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.
他们每课都仔细准备,以弥补他们的经验不足。
(4)Waste products from factories can be made into road-building materials.
工厂丢弃的废品可以被加工成筑路的材料。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)旅馆内服务周到,在一定程度上弥补了伙食差的缺陷。
The good service at the hotel made up for the poor food to some extent.
(2)这篇文章主要告诉我们网页是由什么构成的。
The text mainly tells us what a website is made up of .
(3)这些门真是极品,全部由红木一类的优质木材加工而成。
The doors here are really something,all made of good wood like mahogany.
5.【教材原文】With these,you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.(page 51)
通过这些诗行,你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。
考点mood n.情绪;心情;语气
in a good/bad mood 心情愉快/情绪低落
be/feel in the/no mood for sth 有/没有心情做某事
be/feel in the/no mood to do sth 有/没有心情做某事
moody adj.情绪多变的;喜怒无常的
语境领悟
(1)He is in a good mood today,for he has passed the exam.
他今天心情不错,因为他已经通过了考试。
(2)Come on!I'm in no mood for a joke.
得了吧!我可没心情开玩笑。
(3)I'm not really in the mood to go out tonight.
我今晚真的没心情出门。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I'm not in the mood to talk (talk) about it now.
(2)Having been turned down,he was in a bad mood.
(3)She was in no mood for a party that night.
(4) Moody (mood) people are hard to deal with.
6.【教材原文】Teasing,shouting,laughing(page 51)
爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑
考点tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄
teasingly adv.戏弄地,取笑地
laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人
make fun of sb 开某人的玩笑
语境领悟
(1)Don't get upset.I am only teasing.
不要生气。我只是开玩笑。
(2)She used to tease me about my hair.
她过去总是取笑我的头发。
(3)The other children were always making fun of him because he was fat and wore glasses.
别的孩子总是取笑他,因为他长得胖,还戴着眼镜。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I remember being teased (tease) a lot about my local accent.
(2)When she first moved north,some people made fun of her southern accent.
(3)Then I will answer teasingly (tease) that actually I'm waiting until she comes to help me.
7.【教材原文】It has a format of three lines,containing 5,7,and 5 syllables respectively.(page 51)
其格式为三行,每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。
考点respectively adv.分别;各自;依次为
respective adj.分别的;各自的
respecting prep.关于
respect n.& vt.尊敬;尊重;重视;(事物的)方面,细节
give/send one's respects to 向……致敬
have/show respect for 尊敬某人
out of respect for sb 出于对某人的尊敬
in all respects(=in every respect)在各方面
respect sb for (doing) sth 因……尊重……
语境领悟
(1)Tom and John finished first and second respectively in the 100-metre-race.
汤姆和约翰在100米跑中分获第一、二名。
(2)They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
(3)People have a great deal of respect for that man, therefore what he says carries weight.
人们对那个人非常敬重,因此他讲的话就有分量。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)We are eager for the information respecting (respect) the child.
(2)The three men were given work according to their respective (respect) abilities.
(3)In order to show our respect for others,we had better listen to them first.
(4)Therefore,we will always do everything possible to satisfy you in every respect.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory,but they are easy to learn and recite.(page 50)
这些童谣也许没有道理,甚至自相矛盾,但是很容易学习和背诵。
句法分析
本句中的they are easy to learn and recite是固定句型:主语+be+adj.+动词不定式。
(1)用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,heavy等。
(2)构成不定式的动词和句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系,但不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词,其后要加上相应的介词。
(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并用for引出。
语境领悟
(1)This sweater I just bought online is hard to wash.
我刚从网上买的这件毛衣很难洗。
(2)The materials are soft and comfortable to wear.
这些布料质地柔软,穿着很舒服。
(3)When children get old enough to read by themselves, it's necessary to buy books that are both interesting and right for them to understand.
当孩子们达到能够独立阅读的年龄时,买一些既有趣又适合他们理解的书是很有必要的。
(4)My new teacher and classmates are all easy to get along with.
我的新老师和新同学都很好相处。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)He thinks that long sentences in this text are difficult to remember (remember).
(2)This giant building was made of stones,and it might not be very comfortable for the nobles to sit there.
(3)He lent his new pen to me,which is easy to write with .
(4)As the old saying goes:“Flowers are pleasant to look (look) at but hard to grow”.
2.【教材原文】 Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.(page 51)
行人归来石应语。
句法分析
该句是一个复合句,本句中的从句是一个省略了if的倒装句。该句可改写为“If the traveller should return,this stone would utter speech.”。当虚拟条件句中含有were,had或should时,连词if可以省略,将were,had或should提到主语前。
语境领悟
(1)Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to stay at home.
万一明天下雨,我们只能待在家里。
(2)Were she here,she would attend the meeting,too.
如果她在这里,她也会参加会议。
(3)Had we found him earlier,we could have saved his life.
要是我们早点找到他的话,就可以挽救他的生命。
学以致用
句型转换
(1)If it were not for the clouds,you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
→ Were it not for the clouds,you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
(2)If the printer should break down in the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
→ Should the printer break down in the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
(3)Had you arrived ten minutes earlier,you would have caught the train.
→ If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you would have caught the train.
随 堂 训 练
一、单词拼写
1.The drama (戏剧) put on last night is a really good one.
2.To his sorrow (悲痛),he lost the opportunity to get promoted.
3. Folk (民间的) art should be passed down.
4.How much does the diamond (钻石) cost
5.We're told to recite (背诵) the poem taught in this class.
6.The literary (文学的) value of Tang poetry is important in the development of the Chinese language.
7.In this poem,“down” rhymes (押韵) with “lawn”.
8.She started to dance to the rhythm (节奏) of the music.
9.The vase has a very delicate (精美的) design.
10.Reading comprehension (理解练习) plays an important part in English learning.
二、选词填空
be made up of to the point make sense of one's own
in no mood for
1.Having failed in the exam,I felt in no mood for an outing.
2.Planting rice in the region doesn't make sense for there is not enough water.
3.The group is made up of ten top students in our class.
4.The speech she made was to the point and we all liked it.
5.Have you bought a house of your own
三、课文语篇填空
The reasons why people write poetry are different and poets use many different forms of poetry to express 1.__________ (them).
Some of the first poems 2.__________ young child learns in English are nursery rhymes,which are usually the 3.__________(tradition) poems or folk songs.They have a strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.Despite the fact that some of them may not make sense 4. __________ even seem contradictory,they are easy to learn and recite.Some simple
themselves
a
traditional
and
poems are list poems.They have a flexible line length and repeated 5.__________(phrase) which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Another simple form of poem is the cinquain,6.________ is made up of five lines.This kind of poem can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists 7. __________ 17 syllables and 8.__________(be) very popular with English writers.It is easy to write.English speakers like Tang poetry in particular.A lot of Tang poetry 9.____________________ (translate) into English already.With so many different forms
phrases
which
of
is
has been translated
of poetry 10.__________(choose) from,why not have a try and write poems of your own
to choose(共68张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随 堂 训 练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. shelf n.架子;搁板
2. core n. 核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿
3.cherry n. 樱桃;樱桃树;樱桃色 adj. 樱桃色的;鲜红色的
4. blank adj. 空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的
n. 空白;空格
5.verse n. 诗;韵文;诗节
6. civilian n. 平民;老百姓
7.prose n. 散文
8. version n. 版本;(从不同角度的)说法
9. era n. 时代;年代;纪元
10. sow vt.& vi. 播种;种
11. seed n. 种子;起源;萌芽
12.dominant adj. 首要的;占支配地位的;显著的
13.sonnet n. 十四行诗
词汇拓展
1.sympathy n. 同情;赞同
→ sympathetic adj. 同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
2.innocent adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
→ innocence n. 天真;单纯;无罪
3.correspond vi. 相一致;符合;相当于;通信
→ correspondence n. 来往信件;通信联系
语 法 图 解
定语从句
探究发现
1.A girl is looking for the book which/that was bought last week.
2.The teacher is speaking to the boy who/that has won the prize.
3.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
4.As is often the case,she is late again.
5.He will never forget the day when/on which he graduated from university.
6.The factory where/in which they worked has closed down.
7.I really want to know the reason why/for which he missed the exam.
引导定语从句的关系代词有: which , that , who , whose , as 等;关系副词有 when , where , why 等,关系副词可以用 介词 +which代替。
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.(page 53)
在这些诗中,诗人泰戈尔表达了一种对儿童感情的同情式的理解。
考点sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
be sympathetic towards/to 对……同情
sympathy n.同情;赞同
feel/have much sympathy for sb 对某人深感同情
with sympathy 同情地
out of sympathy 出于同情
be in sympathy with 赞成……
sympathetically adv.富有同情心地
语境领悟
(1)I did not feel sympathetic towards Kate.
我一点也不同情凯特。
(2)I have a lot of sympathy for her;she brought up the children on her own.
我非常同情她,她独自把孩子们抚养成人。
(3)Out of sympathy for the homeless children,he gave them shelter for the night.
出于对无家可归的孩子的同情,晚上他给他们提供了安身之所。
(4)They didn't just listen sympathetically;they also comforted him from time to time.
他们不是只同情地倾听,还不时地安慰他。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)His loving and selfless nature inspired me to become more sympathetic (sympathy) and considerate putting others first.
(2)My daughter had a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.
(3)We must tackle the problem with sympathy and understanding.
2.【教材原文】The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.(page 53)
原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖,能享受童年的天真。
考点innocence n.天真;单纯;无罪
innocent adj.天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
be innocent of 无罪;无辜
innocently adv.天真地;无罪地
语境领悟
(1)They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.
他们希望这一新证据能证明她无罪。
(2)He was sure that the reliable man was innocent of any crime.
他确信那个可靠的人是清白无罪的。
(3)Perhaps you had no intention of doing any wrong but you had done it innocently.
也许你无意做错事,但你却做了一件无知的事。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The little girl's innocence (innocent) caught their attention.
(2)I greeted the boy,but he just smiled at me innocently (innocent).
(3)He firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime.
3.【教材原文】Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.(page 53)
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌,然后他们开始私人通信。
考点correspondence n.来往信件;通信联系
correspond vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信
correspond with 与……一致;与……通信
correspond to 相当于;符合
语境领悟
(1)Your account of the events does not correspond with hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不一致。
(2)She corresponds regularly with her former teacher.
她和以前的老师定期通信。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)His interest in writing came from long correspondence (correspond) with a close college friend.
完成句子
(2)有时候,我们的行动与我们所期望的不一致。
Sometimes,our actions don't correspond with/to what we desire.
(3)对这些事件的描述与当时的其他记录非常吻合。
The description of these events corresponds closely to/with other accounts written at the time.
句型剖析
【教材原文】It seems incredible to me that the question of how best to arrange books on shelves could cause a lively online discussion.(page 52)
在我看来,如何最好地摆放书架上的书籍可能会引起活跃的在线讨论。
本句是一个复合句。 that引导的是主语从句,It seems...(to sb) that...“(对某人来说)……好像/似乎……”。
It seems that...看起来/似乎……
It seems as if...看样子好像……
seem (to be)+adj./动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式/介词短语 好像……
seem to do/be doing/have done好像要做/在做/已经做了……
There seems to be...好像有……
语境领悟
(1)It seems to me that this has something to do with what you said before.
在我看来,这似乎和你之前说的有关。
(2)It seems as if there will be a heavy rain soon.
看来很快要下大雨了。
(3)(2022·全国甲卷)We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.
我们似乎无法决定我们想要一个现代化的城市还是一个传统的城市。
(4)I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The engine just won't start.Something seems to
have gone (go) wrong with it.
(2) It seemed as if an invisible wall had been built between us overnight.
(3)Look at the sky!It seems to rain (rain).
句型转换
(4)They were talking in a whisper,so they seemed to be saying something secret.(将画线部分改为复合句)
→They were talking in a whisper,so it seemed that they were saying something secret .
语法精析
定语从句
一、定义
在句中起定语的作用的从句叫作定语从句,被定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句通常跟在先行词之后由关系词引导。
二、定语从句的引导词
1.关系代词
语法功能 代替人 代替物 既可代替人也可代替物
主语 who,that which,that that
宾语 who,whom,that which,that that
定语 whose whose whose
Can you tell me the name of the inventor that/who helped me the other day
你能告诉我那天帮助我的那个发明家的名字吗
The train which/that has arrived is from Beijing.
已经到达的那列火车是从北京来的。
This is our new furniture whose colour is red.
这是我们的新家具,它的颜色是红色的。
2.关系代词which和that都可指代物,有时候可以互换,有时却只能用其一
(1)只用that不能用which的情况
①先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The most important thing that we should do is study hard.
我们要做的最重要的事情就是努力学习。
②当先行词为all/any/much/many/everything/anything/ none/the one等不定代词或由它们修饰时。
Is there anything that you want to buy
你有什么东西要买吗
③先行词前有the only/the very/the same/the last/little/few等词修饰时。
This is the same book that I lost.
这就是我丢的那本书。
④当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
⑤当主句是以which、who、what开头的特殊问句时。
Which is the pen that belongs to you
哪支笔是你的
What is the main environmental issue that you want to address
你想要解决的主要环境问题是什么
(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况
①关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
②在非限制性定语从句中。
Have you ever read the book,which was written by a young girl
你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗
③先行词为that/those时。
What's that which is under the desk
在桌子底下的那个东西是什么
(3)whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n.
whose+n.可与the+n.+of which互换,而且of which也可置于名词之前,名词之前必须有定冠词the。
I live in the room whose window faces south.
(whose window=the room's window)
=I live in the room the window of which/of which the window faces south.
(the window of which=the window of the room) 我住在窗子朝南的房间里。
3.关系副词
关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中做时间状语
where 指地点 在从句中做地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中做原因状语
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗
注意:表示时间、地点及原因的名词做先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中做状语,应用关系副词;若先行词在定语从句中做主语或宾语,则应用关系代词。试比较:
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗 (when在从句中做状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗 (that或which做spent的宾语)
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why做原因状语)
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用that/which,不用why)
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后,其后不可用逗号分开;而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后,但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁
He is a teacher of much knowledge,from whom much can be learned.
他是一个学识渊博的老师,从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2.从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,一旦省略,主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明,若将其去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day,my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天,我和弟弟去了海滩。在那里,我们看到一些人在打排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate,which came as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信,这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3.关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,关系副词when,where,why等引导,而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car,which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车,是日本生产的。
He didn't give the reason,which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why,因为which在定语从句中做主语,而why只能在定语从句中做状语)
He didn't give the reason,for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。
4.从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组;而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外,还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的书中最好的一本。
He won first prize in the contest,which was more than we expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖,这一点真出乎我们预料。
四、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
关系词 which as
位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句前、句中,也可置于句后
搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see,hear,know,expect, remember,guess,hope等
句意 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……,正像……的那样”
The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的,在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”;关系代词有时也用whose(做定语)。
选用介词的依据:
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
3.根据句子的意思来选择。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books,half of which were written by a famous writer.
我有大约10本书,其中一半是一位著名作家写的。
温馨提示
在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after,look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
六、定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,定语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意:当先行词为“one of+复数名词”时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;当先行词为“the (only/very)one of+复数名词”时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students who were praised.
他是受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the one/the only one of the students who was praised.
他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
即 学 即 练
单句语法填空
(1)This is the most wonderful time that I've ever had.
(2)The old man who/whom/that you met yesterday is a scientist.
(3)Beethoven, whose music you've been listening to,was a world-famous composer.
(4)This is the gallery where they're holding an exhibition.
(5)The date on which he joined the Party was July 1,1990.
(6)She was friendly to us, which made us feel relaxed.
(7) As is mentioned above,daydreaming sometimes isn't so bad.
(8)The workers,most of whom were women,were working late.
(9)Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where/in which you feel very embarrassed.
(10)The way that/in which he walks is funny.
随 堂 训 练
一、单词拼写
1.Put the books on these shelves (架子) standing in the corner.
2.Fill in the blanks (空格) and hand the form in by 5 o'clock.
3.The civilians (老百姓) are satisfied with the present life.
4.We should show sympathy (同情) for those at a disadvantage.
5.The version (版本) of the dictionary is popular among beginners.
6.The little girl is innocent (天真无邪的) and lovely.
7.In the era (年代) of information technology,it's easy for people to access what they want to know.
8.Her expenses did not correspond (相一致) with her income,which made me surprised.
9.We hope the seeds (种子) we sowed will become fruit.
10.You won't get to the core (核心) of the novel until you finish reading it.
二、单句语法填空
1.When I arrived,he took me to see the house where I would be staying.
2.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest in China.
3.Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face,fog is the greatest.
4.Air, without which man can't live,is really important.
5.I want to know the reason for which you were absent from the party.
6. As is known to us all,no pains, no gains.
7.The buses,most of which were full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.
8.You've reached the point in your life where you have to make decisions on your own.
9.She said she played an important part in the project, which made the others annoyed.
10.I'll never forget the year when I was twelve years old.
三、完成句子
1.我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的。
The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive.
2.送我去医院的那个人是我的一个邻居。
The man that sent me to the hospital was one of my neighbours.
3.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
4.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers .
5.昨天雨下得很大,这阻止了我去公园。
It rained hard yesterday, which stopped me from going to the park . (共41张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language,
Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随 堂 训 练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. deadline n. 最后期限;截止日期
2. polish vt. 修改;润色;抛光 n. 上光剂;抛光;擦亮
3. string n. 细绳;线;一串 vt. 悬挂;系
adj. 弦乐器的;线织的
4.wherever conj.在任何地方;在所有……的情况下(用于问句)
adv. 究竟在(到)哪里
5.barren adj. 贫瘠的;不结果实的
6.grief n. 悲伤;悲痛;伤心事
7. complicated adj. 复杂的;难懂的
8. variation n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
9. prejudice n. 偏见;成见 vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见
词汇拓展
1.contest n.比赛;竞赛;竞争 vt. 争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩
→ contestant n. 竞争者;参赛者
2.racial adj. 种族的;人种的→ race n. 种族;人种
重点短语
1. with delight 高兴地
2.keep up with 跟上
3.hold onto 抓住,不放弃
4. in addition to 除……之外
5.have control over 对……控制
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,判断正(T)误(F)
1.The author of WIND ON THE HILL doesn't know where the wind goes.( )
2.“Hold fast to dreams” means not giving up dreams.( )
3.The poem A MATCH has no rhyming words.( )
F
T
F
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.According to the poem “WIND ON THE HILL”,what is the possible way to find where the wind goes
A.To keep up with the wind day and night.
B.To ask for someone else for help.
C.To find where the kite drops.
D.To hold the string of the kite and run with it.
√
2.For the poem “DREAM”,the poet intends to tell us
.
A.value your life just as value your time
B.we should keep our dreams
C.a bird with a broken wing will die for it can't fly
D.a field with frozen snow is barren
√
3.What is the writer doing according to the poem “WIND ON THE HILL”
A.He is feeling the wind.
B.He is searching for somebody.
C.He is flying the kite.
D.He is looking for his kite.
√
4.According to the poem “DREAM”,which is the result of not holding fast to dreams
A.Life will be a bird with no wings.
B.Life will be a fertile field.
C.Life will be frozen.
D.Life will be snow.
√
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing (page 54)
诺拉说她需要时间润色一下她的写作是什么意思
考点polish vt.修改;润色;抛光 n.上光剂;抛光;擦亮
polish up 提高;改善
polish off 很快吃完;迅速做完
polish sth with sth 用……擦亮
语境领悟
(1)My composition was carefully polished and checked before it was handed in.
我的作文是经过仔细润色和检查后才上交的。
(2)I'll have to polish up my English before going to England.
在我去英国前,我得提高我的英语水平。
(3)No matter what he is offered to eat he polishes it off in an instant.
不管给他吃什么,他都能眨眼就下肚。
(4)She polished the table with a piece of cloth.
她用一块布擦亮桌子。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Sam polished off his work and went home.
(2)The company needs to polish up its image to make a bigger profit.
(3)Before going out,you should have your shoes polished (polish).
2.【教材原文】And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.(page 56)
后来当我发现它,
它吹向任何地方,
我会知道风
也曾经去过那里。
考点wherever conj.在任何地方;在所有……的情况下 adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里
(1)“疑问词+-ever”,如wherever,whenever,whatever,however, whoever,whichever引导让步状语从句相当于“no matter+疑问词”,如no matter where/when/what/how/who/which。
(2)“疑问词+-ever”除了引导让步状语从句外,还可以引导名词性从句,此时不能用“no matter+疑问词”。
(3)however 后必须接adj./adv.,引导让步状语从句,其语序为however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。
(4)whichever后通常接n.,引导让步状语从句。
语境领悟
(1)(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication,we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
在一个不断进行全球交流的有线世界中,无论天才出现在哪里,我们都能看到他们的闪光。
(2)(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.
无论他们在做什么,他总是尽其所能参与。
(3)When you have eliminated the impossible,whatever remains,however improbable,must be the truth!
除去不可能之外,无论留下什么,不管多么不合情理,那就是真相!
(4)You can use whichever one you find easier to read and understand.
可以选用您更容易阅读和理解的形式。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)In the global economy,a new drug for cancer, wherever it is discovered,will create many economic possibilities around the world.
(2)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(3)We like to identify and celebrate people's success whenever we come across it.
(4)You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
3.【教材原文】He wants us to keep dreaming,because life is much better when we dream and have something to look forward to.(page 57)
他希望我们继续有梦想,因为当我们有梦想和期待的时候,生活会更美好。
考点look forward to期望;期盼
look down on/upon 轻视;瞧不起
look back(on) 回忆;回顾
look into 调查
look out for 当心;留心防备
look through 浏览;快速查看
look up to 尊敬;钦佩
语境领悟
(1)We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.
我们都期待科学工作者能发现更多宇宙秘密的那一天。
(2)Weight is also a factor to look out for.
重量也是一个留心的因素。
(3)They will look through the applications and pick out the best.
他们将快速查看申请书并从中挑出最佳者。
(4)You're a popular girl,Grace,and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.
你很受大家欢迎,格雷丝,很多比你小的女孩子都很崇拜你。
温馨提示
在look forward to中,to为介词,其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。look forward意为“向前看”,其后所接动词不定式表示目的。
He was looking forward to working with the new Prime Minister.
他期待着与新首相共事。
Now the leadership wants to look forward to outline a strategy for the rest of the century. 现在领导层想要展望未来,为本世纪余下的时间勾画出战略纲要。
学以致用
用look相关短语填空
(1)The kid is looking forward to being taken to the zoo this weekend.
(2)As I saw the old photo,I always looked back on the scene where we had met.
(3)Now,I want to answer your questions,but remember to look out for the red light.
(4)It is wrong of you to look down on/upon the disabled in need.
句 型 剖 析
【教材原文】Since nothing was written down,over the years different versions of these songs developed,and each area would have its own respective rhythm.(page 58)
因为什么也没有被记录下来,随着时间的推移,这些歌出现了不同的版本,并且每个地区都有各自的韵律。
句法分析
本句是一个主从复合句,其中since引导的是原因状语从句。
because引导原因状语从句时,语气最强,表示的是直接的理由,可用于回答why引导的问句。
as引导原因状语从句时,语气比because弱,常放于主句之前说明原因,有时也放在主句之后。
for通常对前面提到的情况加以解释说明。它连接的分句一般放在句末。
语境领悟
(1)Since many people make mistakes in life,I want to give you a chance.
由于很多人在生活中都会犯错,我想给你一次机会。
(2)Because he was a great thinker at that time,no one questioned his idea.
因为当时他是个伟大的思想家,没有一个人对他的思想提出质疑。
(3)As you were out,I left a message.
你不在,所以我留了一张字条。
(4)We must start early,for we have a long way to go.
我们必须早点儿动身,因为我们要走很长一段路。
学以致用
选词填空(since/because/as/for)
(1)—Why are you late again
—That's because my bike broke down on the way.
(2) Since you've known about it,I needn't tell you about it.
(3)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
(4) As I didn't know the word,I had to look it up in the dictionary.
随 堂 训 练
一、单词拼写
1.You're required to enter a storytelling contest (比赛).
2.We had to stay up late to meet the deadline (最后期限).
3.Your essay is good,and you just need to polish (润色) it a bit.
4.In fact,people's brains are very complicated (复杂的).
5.Remember to hold the string (线) of the kite tightly.
6.Crops won't grow well in barren (贫瘠的) fields.
7.He has a strong prejudice (偏见) against modern poetry.
8.Citizens fight against racial (种族的) discrimination.
9.We were not used to the variations (变化) in temperature.
10.Upon hearing the news,she was overcome with grief (悲伤).
二、选词填空
hold onto in addition to have control over
come across care about sit around
1.While coming across a new word,you shouldn't always stop to look it up.
2. In addition to these arrangements,we'll also pick the guests up at the airport.
3.The new teachers should be trained to have control over the children in class.
4.You're advised to hold onto your old furniture; maybe it is valuable one day.
5.It was cold outside,so they sat around a fire to warm themselves.
6.The boss genuinely cares about his employees and offers help whenever possible.
三、课文语篇填空
This part mainly consists of three poems.For Wind on the Hill,the author wanted to find out 1. where the wind came from and went.Even 2. if he ran,he still couldn't keep up 3. with it.But by 4. flying (fly) his kite,he understood where the wind had been going.The poem Dream 5. written (write) by Langston Hughes,6. whose poems were mainly about the black people's life,is short and to the point.The rhyming words—“die” and “fly”,“go”
and “snow”—make the poem pleasing 7. to read (read). Let's move on to the last poem—A Match.The rhetorical devices are used to describe an image 8. vividly (vivid).To make sense of a poem,9. it is important to analyse it from the following 10. points (point):the subject,images, rhyming words, rhetorical devices and so on. (共19张PPT)
英语诗歌赏析
本单元要求写一首诗歌,但写诗歌赏析更符合学生实际。诗歌赏析就是通过介绍诗歌的写作特点、主要内容,并结合作者写诗的时代背景及生活状况等,对诗歌的表层含义、深层理解以及读者的感受等分析,表达自己的见解。
诗歌赏析类文章一般有两种写法:
写 作 指 导
1.通过对全诗的整体分析,表达自己的观点。
在这种形式下,一篇较完整的诗歌赏析类文章包含如下内容:
(1)作者简介
(2)作品写作背景简介
(3)作品意象分析(诗句的解释或翻译,诗句所表达的情感、思想和意境)
(4)作品艺术手法分析(通常结合在作品意象分析之中)
(5)作品艺术特点的综合评价(往往带有总结的意味)
如果不要求赏析很完整,则可不写作者简介以及作品写作背景简介两部分的内容。
2.就诗歌最突出的方面进行分析,表达自己的见解。
采用这种写法时,作者往往只需抓住其中一个方面,如意境、语言表达、某一手法等。对于其他方面则可不提及,因而采用这种写法的文章篇幅一般较短小。
写作步骤一般是“三段式”,具体为:
第一段:简要介绍诗歌的内容及作者。
第二段:详细论述诗歌的主题。
第三段:启迪与感想。
1.开头常用句式
The poem entitled...is written by...,which enjoys great popularity among...
2.主体常用句式
(1)Young as we are,we come to realise that as long as we try,nothing is impossible.
(2)She often encourages me to face everything,sad or happy.
(3)Remember:the best love is to love others unconditionally rather than make demands on them.
3.结尾常用句式
(1)I am deeply moved by...
(2)We should call on people all over the world to change our living ways before all hopes have gone.
阅读下面这首诗,请写一篇80词左右的诗歌赏析。
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler,long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
典 题 示 例
Then took the other,as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh,I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood,and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
审题谋篇
写 作 探 究
词汇推敲
1.令人高兴的 pleasing
2.实际上 in reality
3.与……有关 concern
4.停止 quit
提分句型
1.动词-ing形式做伴随状语
2.which引导的定语从句
3.whatever引导的让步状语从句
4.for连接的并列句
This poem is written in four parts,each with five lines. The ends of the first,third and fourth sentences rhyme—“wood” “stood” and “could”.The last words from the second and fifth sentences also rhyme—“both” and“undergrowth”. These rhyming words make the poem pleasing to read.
The poem seems to be about that the poet,walking in a yellow wood had to choose which road he should follow.
妙 笔 成 篇
In reality,it concerns the important decisions which one must make in life when one must quit one thing in order to get another.Then,whatever the result is,one must accept it for it is impossible to go back and have another chance to choose differently.
请根据唐朝诗人李绅的《悯农》,用英语写出这首诗的大意,并说明诗中所蕴含的作者的思想,以便向你的外国朋友解释。
Sympathy on the Farmers
At noon,farmers are weeding,
Down the field,sweat is dropping.
Who knows rice on a dish,
Every grain is full of moiling.
即 学 即 练
注意:
1.不得照抄短诗原文;
2.必须结合短诗的内容,发挥想象,适当展开;
3.短文不能写成诗歌形式;
4.词数80左右。
参考范文
Here is a poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” by Li Shen who is popular with Chinese readers.
It goes like this:Hot as it is outside at this summer noon time,the farmers are still weeding in the fields.They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil,where the crops grow.But who knows exactly all our foods,the delicious dishes on our table,come from the hard work of the farmers
Li Shen wrote this poem in order to remind people of the importance of the farmers'hard work.I think it's of great importance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.
