(共66张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
悦读 导入
随堂训练
悦读 导入
文章导语:丝绸之路架起了中国对外交流的桥梁,意义深远。
The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world.This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East,and allowed the exchange of goods,technology,and ideas between the two civilisations1. Although merchants could make huge profits,it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an).Travellers commencing2 their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces.After this,they would face the Gobi Desert,the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
The Gobi Desert,the largest desert in Asia,consists mainly of rocky,hard earth.This feature makes it easier for traders to travel across,compared to sandy deserts like the neighbouring Taklamakan Desert.Like other deserts,the Gobi Desert is dry and hot,and therefore the biggest challenge travellers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So,rest stops were created along the route,allowing travellers to rest,eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods,and even ideas,among the travellers who stopped there.Usually,the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other.In this way,travellers could avoid spending too much time in the desert,which would make them targets for robbers,another danger of the Silk Road.
Once through the Gobi Desert,travellers would continue their journey into Iran,Turkey,and finally Europe.While this part of the journey may have been less dangerous,it is not entirely without its perils3.
词海拾贝
1.civilisation / sIv laI zeI n/ n.文明;文化
2.commence /k mens/ v.开始;着手
3.peril / per l/ n.危险;冒险
美文凝萃
1.What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A.Travellers were offered free accommodation.
B.They were located around the edges of the desert.
C.Travellers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D.They were shared by travellers from different countries.
2.Why is the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
答案:1.D 2.The desert’s feature is easier to travel.
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. tale n.故事;叙述
2. merchant n.商人;批发商 adj.海上货运的
3. fleet n.舰队;机群;车队
4. behold vt.看;看见
5. league n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛
6. spice n.(调味)香料
7. channel n.航道;海峡;频道
8. maritime adj.海的;海运的;海事的
9. bond n.纽带;关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合
词汇拓展
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长→ extension n. 扩大;延伸
2.negotiate vt. 商定;达成(协议) vi.谈判;磋商;协商→ negotiation n.谈判;磋商;协商
3.royal adj. 皇家的;王室的;高贵的→ royalty n.王室成员
4.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离→ withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取回
重点短语
1. in a league of one's own 独领风骚
2. lead to 通向;导致
3. in hand 在手头;可供使用
4. search for 搜查;寻找
5. under the command of 在……的指挥下
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意进行匹配
Para.1: b a.China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships
with other countries.
Para.2: c b.Travel from east to west began long before Columbus.
Para.3: d c.In ancient times,travel east to west was on the Silk Road.
Para.4: e d.Zheng He’s sea voyages built relations with other countries.
Para.5: f e.The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
Para.6: a f.China is also joining with other countries on other important projects.
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Why did European explorers search for sea routes from west to east
A.They intended to develop their own business.
B.They were curious about the outside world.
C.They were ambitious to make a great achievement.
D.They were inspired by Marco Polo’s tales.
D
2.What’s the purpose of the Belt and Road Initiative
A.To satisfy people’s curiosity and desire.
B.To encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
C.To revisit the ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He.
D.To invest billions in systems and services.
B
3.Why is there an urgent need to explore the Arctic
A.To promote foreign trade.
B.To look for more natural resources.
C.To strengthen the bonds between countries.
D.To know more about climate change and its effects.
D
三、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.In ancient times,the Silk Road didn't pass through D .
A.India B.Rome
C.Middle East D.South Africa
2.Why did the Ming Dynasty send Zheng He to set sail C
A.To explore the unknown places.
B.To get a lot of treasure for Chinese.
C.To develop relations with other regions.
D.To occupy other places.
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】However,merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.(page 26)
然而,在哥伦布首次航行之前很多年,来自东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
考点set sail起航;开航
set aside省出或留出(钱或时间)
set about doing sth 开始做某事
set down记下;登记
set off出发;动身;使爆炸;引发
set out(怀着目标)开始工作;阐明;陈述
set up竖起;建起;设立;开办
语境领悟
(1)He set aside a little money each week.
他每周都存点钱。
(2)He set about learning Chinese at the age of ten.
他在十岁时开始学中文。
(3)Emerson always sets down new ideas that occurred to him.
爱默生总是把他突然想到的新想法写下来。
(4)It was raining hard when we set off.
我们出发时正下着大雨。
(5)The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims.
双方同意成立一个委员会,调查索赔问题。
学以致用
用set的相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)All three years I have been working for others,so I'm hoping I'll set up my own business someday.
(2) Set aside some time each day to practise speaking English,even if it is only five minutes.
(3)He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front.
(4)He set down his important thoughts in his diary.
2.【教材原文】Under the command of Zheng He,they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa.(page 26)
在郑和的指挥下,船队从南中国海起航,穿越印度洋一直到了红海入海口,然后到了非洲东海岸。
考点under the command of由……指挥
command v.& n.命令;指挥;掌握
under sb's command=under the command of sb 在某人的指挥下
command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
give a command下命令
have (a) good command of精通;掌握
(be) in command of指挥;掌握;控制
take command of掌握;控制
当command 作为“命令”时,其引导的从句应用虚拟语气,其中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
语境领悟
(1)He was a natural leader,and when he commanded,everyone obeyed.
他是个天生的领袖,他一下命令,所有的人都服从。
(2)I advised him to command his temper.
我劝他控制自己的脾气。
(3)In World War Ⅱ,General Lee was in command of the air force.
第二次世界大战期间,李将军统率空军部队。
(4)He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.
他命令关闭所有的大门。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)将军命令我们立即发起进攻。
The general commanded that we should attack at once.
(2)这名教练已带领这支团队六个年头了。
The coach has been in command of this team for 6 years.
______ ___________ ________
________ ______ ____________ ______
(3)警察到达后就控制了局势。
The police arrived and took command of the situation.
(4)多少年来第一次,她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
For the first time in years,she felt in command of her life.
_______ ______________ ____
_____ __________ ____
3.【教材原文】Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433,these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.(page 26)
尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索,但在随后的几个世纪,这些陆地和海洋路线仍然是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
考点withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回;撤离
withdraw from退出;撤回
withdrawal n. 撤回;收回;退缩;(社交场合或情绪方面的)冷漠
withdrawn adj.偏僻的;离群的;怕羞的;内向的
语境领悟
(1)(2021·天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在宁静的生活中寻求一种与自然的和谐关系。
(2)I'd like to withdraw some money from my account.
我想从账户里提出一些钱。
(3)Despite the apparent willingness to cooperate,he sensed a withdrawal in her eyes.
尽管她表面上愿意合作,但他觉得她的眼中有一种冷漠的
神情。
学以致用
用withdraw的适当形式填空
(1)She quickly withdrew her hand from the hot iron.
(2)The old couple lived in a withdrawn village.
完成句子
(3)你为什么要退出比赛
Why did you withdraw from the race
___________ __________ _______ _______
4.【教材原文】China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes,which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(page 27)
中国已经在沿这些通道的系统和服务上投入了几十亿(美元),这将有助于极大地发展整个地区,有利于未来贸易和文化交流。
考点for the benefit of...为了……的利益
benefit n.好处;利益;优势 vt.& vi.有益于;有助于;受益
be of benefit to对……有益;有益于
benefit from/by...从……中受益;得益于……
beneficial adj.有益的;有利的
be beneficial to对……有益
语境领悟
(1)We have brought down prices of medicines for the benefit of the people.
为了群众的利益我们已降低了药品的价格。
(2)These small businesses have benefited greatly from the fall in interest rates.
这些小企业因利率下降而得到了很大的好处。
(3)The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
(4)Using computers has a beneficial effect on children's learning.
使用计算机对孩子们的学习有益。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)You need people working for the benefit of the community.
(2)Walking is extremely beneficial to your body shape.
(3)I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else.
(4)All the cells and tissues in the body benefit from the increased intake of oxygen.
5.【教材原文】Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.(page 27)
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨越海洋,迈向未来。
考点in hand在手头;可供使用
hand n.手;帮助 vt.交;递;给
at hand(在时间或距离上)接近
by hand手工
hand in hand手拉手;密切关联
shake hands with和……握手
hand in上交
hand over(将职责)移交(给某人)
语境领悟
(1)Jack has only a little money in hand.
杰克手头只有一点钱。
(2)The holidays are at hand. 假期快到了。
(3)I saw them making their way,hand in hand,down the path.
我看到他们手拉手,沿着小路往前走去。
(4)Steve hurried through the test,and was the first to hand in his paper.
史蒂夫很快完成了测验,并且第一个交上了答卷。
学以致用
用hand的相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand .
(2)She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.
(3)The fabric was painted by hand .
(4)The teacher told the students to hand in their projects.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times,there are still many other places left to explore.(page 27)
尽管郑和开辟的这些古代海路已经重走很多次了,仍然还有很多其他地方留待我们去探索。
句法分析
there are ...left...符合“there be+名词/名词词组+动词不定式/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式”的句型。
“there be+名词/名词词组+动词不定式/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式”句型中,动词不定式表示动作尚未发生,动词-ing形式表示动作和前面的人或物存在逻辑上的主谓关系,动词-ed形式表示动作被做或完成,这些结构都做后置定语。
语境领悟
(1)There is a bird singing on the branch.
有一只鸟在枝头唱歌。
(2)There has just been a couple of young man and woman quarrelling in the street.
刚刚有一对年轻男女在街上吵架。
(3)There is nothing to hide and give it to me quickly.
没什么好藏的,快给我。
(4)There is a red car parked outside the house.
房子外停着一辆红色汽车。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)There are many boys playing (play) basketball on the playground now.
(2)There is much homework to do (do),so we can't go out to play.
(3)There is a bus coming (come) .
(4)There has been no time left (leave) for us to think it over.
2.【教材原文】From a scientific point of view,there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(page 27)
从科学的角度来看,有迫切的必要研究北极,以便于了解气候变化和它的影响。
句法分析
in order to do sth“为了做某事”。(1)in order to在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构,但是in order to结构可以用于句首和句中,而so as to结构不能用于句首。其否定式分别为:in order not to和so as not to。(2)in order to和so as to在句中表示目的时,常可以转化成in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句。
语境领悟
(1)In order to save time,we're taking the cable car to go there.
为了节省时间,我们将乘缆车到那儿。
(2)We should work hard in order to / so as to pass the exam.
为了能通过考试,我们应该努力学习。
(3)He went there early so that/ in order that he could get a good seat.
他去得早,以便能找到一个好座位。
学以致用
一句多译
我早上起得很早,是为了赶上第一班汽车。
(1)I got up early in the morning in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
(2) In order to catch the first bus,I got up early in the morning.
(3)I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.
______ _________ ________
______ _____ _____
______ ________ ______
______ _______
随堂训练
一、单句语法填空
1.A good diet is beneficial (benefit) to health.
2.You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.
3.The headmaster commanded him to deliver (deliver) the letter as soon as possible.
4.The protection of the law is extended (extend) to more kinds of animals.
5.The teacher negotiated with the principal about Dick's promotion.
6.There is a meeting to be held (hold) in our gymnasium tomorrow afternoon.
7.He reached his hand across the table to shake hands (hand) with Flora.
二、完成句子
1.如果雨停了,我们立刻就出发。
We'll set out at once if the rain stops.
2.过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often
lead to illness .
3.有一个小男孩躺在那棵树底下。
There is a little boy lying under the tree .
_____ _____
______ ______ _______
________ ________ _______ ______
4.多数学生将从这个新的教学方法中受益。
A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method .
5.为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。
To make it easier to contact us,you'd better keep this card at hand .
6.为了达到这个限度,有许多技术问题得解决。
In order to reach this limit , a number of technical problems will have to be solved.
_________ _________ ______
_______ ____________ _________
_____ ______
_______ _________ ______ _________ _______ ______
三、课文语篇填空
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
The people of early civilisations had a strong passion 1. to complete (complete) the great map of the world. Merchants and 2. explorers (explore) from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times,merchants from China and many other places 3. met (meet) along the Silk Road to negotiate trade deals.A trading route across the sea 4.was extended (extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean as well.Over the centuries,further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China.
Between 1405 and 1433,the Ming Dynasty sent seven large fleets 5. to sail (sail) west on voyages of trade and exploration.Under the command of Zheng He,they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea,6. and then to the east coast of Africa.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today,so the Belt and Road Initiative is 7. widely (wide) recognised.The aim of this initiative is 8. to encourage (encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes.
Hundreds of years on,and with the latest technology 9. in hand,the need to trade and the desire to enhance 10.relationships (relationship) will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. (共62张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随堂训练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. tournament n.锦标赛;联赛
2. laptop n.笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
3. tax vt.对……征税;使纳税 n.税;税款
4. manned adj.有人控制的;需人操纵的
5. submersible n.潜水器;可潜船
6. underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的
7. coral n.珊瑚
词汇拓展
1.politics n.政治;政治观点→ politician n.政客→ political adj.政治的;政府的;政权的
2.profession n.职业;行业→ professional adj.职业的→ professor n.教授
3.mixture n. 混合;结合体;混合物→ mix v.(使) 混合
4.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围→ cover v.掩蔽;遮盖;盖 n.覆盖物;掩蔽物
5.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt. 称赞;赞赏→ applause n.鼓掌
重点短语
1. due to 由于;因为
2. set off 出发;启程;引爆;引发
3. grow up 成长;长大
4. come true (预言等)成事实;实现
语法图解
不定式
探究发现
1.To stop the work now seems impossible.
2.It is not easy for us to give up what we have possessed.
3.We will arrange to see him tomorrow.
4.They preferred not to put this on the agenda.
5.I didn't expect you to arrive here so soon.
6.He was delighted to see his old friend again.
7.A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
8.The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn the death of the great hero.
9.His wish is to buy a car in the near future.
10.He was the first athlete to get to the finishing line.
不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做 主语 、 宾语 、 表语 、
定语 、 状语 和 宾补 等成分。不定式不会随着时间、人称的变化而变化,永远是“to + 动词原形”的形式,只不过有的to 可以省略,有的to不能省略。其否定形式是在to前面加上not,即“not to+动词原形”。不定式存在着 一般时 、 进行时 、 完成时 三种时态,同时还有 主动语态 和 被动语态 两种语态之分。
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom.(page 28)
跨海交往经常是危险和枯燥的结合。
考点mixture n.混合;结合体;混合物
mix v.(使)混合
mix up弄错;弄乱
mix with混合;结合;与……交往
mix A with B将A和B混合
be mixed up with sb与(不适合的人)交往
mix...up with...误以为……是……;弄错
mixed adj.混合的;混杂的
get mixed up sth 卷入(不正当的事);与某事有牵连
语境领悟
(1)We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror.
我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则消息。
(2)Someone has mixed up all the application forms.
有人把申请表都弄乱了。
(3)Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.
把少量粉末放入容器,加水混合。
(4)People often mix me up with other actors.
人们常常把我同其他演员弄混。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The city is a mixture (mix) of old and new buildings.
(2)Don't mix up the two kinds of vegetable seeds.
(3)The party gave me a chance to mix with the other students.
(4)I don't want to get mixed (mix) up with any illegal organisation.
2.【教材原文】At his press conference,he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true.(page 28)
在新闻发布会上,他谈到了激情和勇气是如何促使他的梦想实现。
考点come true (预言等)成事实;实现
come about发生;造成
come across偶然发现;偶遇
come on得了吧;开始;赶快;发展;登台;加油
come out出来;发芽;出版
come up走近;被提及;发生
come up with找到(答案)
语境领悟
(1)You can make that dream come true.
你可以让那个梦想实现。
(2)His book on English learning will come out next month.
他写的关于英语学习的书下个月将要出版。
(3)Something new has just come up and I must go and attend to it immediately.
刚刚发生了点新情况,我必须马上去处理。
学以致用
用come的相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)Can you tell me how the accident come about/up
(2)He's the best opponent I've come across this season.
(3)The president was moved to come up with these suggestions after the hearings.
(4)The rain stopped and the sun came out .
3.【教材原文】The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(page 29)
观众站起来为这些科学家鼓掌,因为他们重要的海洋研究
工作。
考点applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
applaud sb (for sth) (因某事给)某人鼓掌
applause n.鼓掌
语境领悟
(1)He started to applaud and the others joined in.
他开始鼓掌,其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。
(2)They rose to applaud the speaker.
他们起立向这位演讲者鼓掌。
(3)We applaud her decision. 我们称赞她的决定。
(4)He should be applauded for his courage. 他的勇气值得称赞。
(5)They greeted him with thunderous applause.
他们用雷鸣般的掌声欢迎他。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)His speech was greeted with a storm of applause (applaud).
(2)His efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded (applaud).
(3)I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.
句 型 剖 析
【教材原文】In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King's castle,which has walls of coral and a roof formed of beautiful shells.(page 29)
海王城堡矗立在海的最深处,它的墙壁由珊瑚砌成,顶部由漂亮的贝壳构成。
句法分析
In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King's castle是倒装结构,正常语序为“the Sea King's castle stands in the deepest spot of all”。
若把表示地点状语的介词短语置于句首,句子用完全倒装句式。
语境领悟
(1)On the door hung a big sign.
门上挂着一个大招牌。
(2)Over the wall came a shower of stones.
从墙上飞来一阵石块。
(3)Round the corner came Mrs Porter.
波特夫人在拐角处出现了。
(4)On the top of the hill stood an old castle.
山顶上矗立着一座古堡。
学以致用
将下列句子改为完全倒装句
(1)An old farmer was sitting under the big tree.
→Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.
(2)A group of tourists came along the dusty road.
→Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.
(3)Mcgrady is lying on the floor.
→On the floor is lying Mcgrady.
(4)My English teacher stood in the front of the classroom.
→In the front of the classroom stood my English teacher.
语法精析
不定式
动词不定式的形式和功能
不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一,形式上由“to+动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语,有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上,动词不定式(短语)与名词、形容词或副词作用类似,在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补等成分。
I am glad to be working with you.
和你在一起工作我很高兴。
How fortunate I am to be living here!
生活在这里我多么幸运!
He seems to have caught a cold.
他好像感冒了。
I happened to have come across the book once.
我碰巧有一次见过这本书。
It was impossible for the lost time to be made up.
要弥补失去的时间是不可能的。
I wish to be sent to work in the country.
我希望被派往乡村工作。
一、做主语
动词不定式做主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
1.不定式置于句首。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
To lean out of the window is dangerous.
把头伸出窗外是危险的。
2.用it做形式主语,把真正的主语置于句后。
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾老人是我们的责任。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。
二、做宾语
1.以下动词后面只能跟不定式做宾语。
afford(付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(显得),
arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt(试图),care(想要),choose(决定), claim(声称),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心), endeavour(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫), hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出), plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(扬言要),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),want(想要),wish(希望)
When did you begin to work there
你什么时候开始在那里工作的
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。
We think it quite important to learn a foreign language well.
我们认为学好一门外语很重要。
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
他感到帮助穷人是他的责任。
He made it a rule only to speak English in class.
他规定课堂上只能讲英语。
三、做表语
动词不定式做表语表示具体动作或将来动作。
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
我主要的目的是要指出这件事的困难。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.
他的愿望就是在不久的将来买一辆豪华汽车。
To learn a language is to use it.
学语言是为了使用它。
四、做定语
动词不定式做定语通常位于所修饰的词之后。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
His anxiety to succeed led him to study very hard.
他迫切希望成功,这促使他非常努力地学习。
五、做宾补
1.在表示感觉的动词后面做宾补,并且不定式都不带to(被动语态里要带to)。
这一类动词有see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to等。
I hear them sing yesterday.
昨天我听见他们唱歌了。
Did you see him go out 你看见他出去了吗
2.在使役动词后做宾补,不定式不带to。
这类动词有make,let,have等。转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。
What would you have me do
你要我做什么
3.在表示心理状态的动词后做宾补。
这类动词有consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine, judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be+形容词或名词”结构,think,consider,find后的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
我们认为他是一个好老师。
He proved that theory (to be) very important.
他证明那个理论很重要。
4.在表示情感状态的动词后做宾补。
这类动词有love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,except等。
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
我希望你不要打扰他。
I don't want there to be any trouble.
我不想有任何麻烦。
5.动词advise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等后面,多接不定式短语做宾补。
We don't allow such things to happen again.
我们不容许这种事情再发生。
有些动词需用as 短语做宾补,如regard,think,believe,take,consider。 We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
六、做状语
1.be +形容词+不定式。
She was afraid to go out at night.
她晚上不敢外出。
Are we likely to arrive in time
我们能够及时到达吗
John was careless to break the cup.
约翰不小心把杯子摔破了。
2.不定式做状语可以表示目的、原因、结果等。
We slept together to keep warm.
我们睡在一起以保持暖和。
I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading.
我常读《中国日报》以提高我的阅读。
3.不定式可做状语修饰整个句子。
To begin with,I do not like its colour.
首先,我不喜欢它的颜色。
To tell you the truth,the film was a great disappointment to me.
说实在的,那部影片使我大为失望。
即学即练
单句语法填空
(1) To save (save) time is to lengthen life.
(2)The driver failed to see (see) the other car in time.
(3)We didn't expect there to be (be) so many people.
(4)We are looking for somewhere to live (live).
完成句子
(5)当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
(6)他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.
______ _________ ______ _______ _______
____
______ __________ __________ ______ _______
(7)我在准备参加星期一的考试。
I am preparing to take the examination on Monday.
(8)她发现不可能这样快完成这项工作。
She found it impossible to finish the work so soon .
(9)他们现在有机会出国深造。
They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further .
_____ ________ ______ _____________
______ ________ _______ _________
____ _______
____ _______ __________ _____
_________________
(10)父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
Father does not allow us
to play in the street .
(11)为了不至于睡着,他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
To keep themselves awake ,they sat on the floor and took turns telling stories.
(12)作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
We're proud to be young people of China .
____ ________ _______ _______ _________
______ __________ ___________ ____________
____ ________ _________ _________ ______
_______
句型转换(用不定式结构)
(13)We pretended that we were working hard when he came in.
→We pretended to be working hard when he came in.
(14)It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
→He is said to have written a new book about workers .
________________________________
_______________________________________
(15)It's an honour that I can be asked to speak here.
→It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here .
(16)Are you going to the banquet that will be given at the embassy
→Are you going to the banquet
to be given at the embassy
随堂训练
一、单词拼写
1.The key question in British politics (政治) was how long the prime minister could survive.
2.One of the main things you need to check while selecting an insurance policy is the coverage (范围) it offers.
3.Fill the bread with a mixture of sausages,fried eggs and cucumbers.
4.The professions are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training,such as being a doctor or lawyer.
5.He was amazed at all the colourful coral reefs,and all the beautiful fish.
二、选词填空
1.Just as she prepared to set off to the next village,two friends arrived.
2.As the little princess grew older,all the good wishes
came true .
due to,set off,grow up,come true,take care of
3.Unfortunately, due to unforeseen circumstances,this year's show has been cancelled.
4.When my mother was ill,my brother and I took care of her in turn.
5.As time went on,a genuine friendship grew up between them.
三、指出下列句子中画线部分的句法功能
1.I have no choice but to accept the fact.
宾语
2.It is important for you to attend the meeting on time.
主语
3.Give me a piece of paper to write on .
定语
4.The teacher made him say the word like this.
宾补
5.They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.
宾语
四、句型转换(用不定式结构)
1.I wish I can finish my task and get away.
→I wish to finish my task and get away.
2.Let's make a fire and warm ourselves up.
→Let's make a fire to warm ourselves up.
3.It is said that these boys are praised for the good deeds.
→These boys are said to be praised for the good deeds.
4.The question is where we can find the answer.
→The question is where to find the answer.
5.It is careless that you have made the same mistake in your composition.
→It is careless of you to have made the same mistake in
your composition. (共51张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课前·基础认知
课堂·重难突破
随堂训练
课前·基础认知
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. directory n.名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)
目录
2. meanwhile adv.与此同时;(比较两方面)对比之下
3. exploit vt.开发;利用;剥削
4. gallon n.加仑
5. murder vt.谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
6. opponent n.反对者;对手;竞争者
7. log vt.把……载入正式记录;记录 n.正式记录;日志;原木
8. marine adj.海的;海产的;海生的
9. arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止
词汇拓展
1.migration n.迁移;迁徙;移居→ migrate v.迁徙;移居
→ migrant n.候鸟;移民
1.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→ merciful adj. 宽大的;仁慈的 → merciless adj.毫不怜悯的;无情的
2.possession n.个人财产;拥有;控制→ possess v. 拥有;具有;支配
重点短语
1. carry out 进行调查;执行;实行;贯彻;落实
2. take action 采取措施;采取行动
3. as well as 也;还有
4. look into 调查;审查;窥视
5. take place 发生;举行
6. focus on 专注于;聚焦于
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,判断正“T”误“F”
1.The Deepwater Horizon caused severe plastic pollution in 2010.( )
2.Mining for resources is a problem that sea exploration has caused.( )
F
T
3.Because people are more aware of the sea protection,overfishing doesn't exist in modern world.( )
4.Scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change.( )
5.Sea exploration can bring us more damage than benefits.
( )
F
T
F
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Which of the following is not the problem sea exploration has caused D
A.Overfishing. B.Pollution.
C.Climate change. D.Food shortage.
2.What is not the purpose of logging new species C
A.Help us discover new medicines.
B.Help us improve our understanding of life.
C.Help us hunt whales and dolphins.
D.Help us explore food and energy.
课堂·重难突破
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Do you think it is important to carry out research on whales and other sea creatures (page 30)
你认为对鲸鱼和其他海洋生物进行研究重要吗
考点carry out进行调查;执行;实行;贯彻;落实
carry on继续移动;继续做
carry off赢得;获得
carry through成功完成;顺利实现
语境领悟
(1)Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.
要确保这家公司有能力落实这项工作。
(2)Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
她的勇气给了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。
(3)He carried off most of the prizes.
他赢得了大多数的奖项。
(4)We are determined to carry through all our plans.
我们决心完成我们所有的计划。
学以致用
用carry的相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)Bad weather heightened the difficulty for them to
carry out the task.
(2)It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through .
(3)You'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.
2.【教材原文】Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.(page 32)
尽管这在1982年被禁止了,一些国家依然毫不怜悯地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
考点mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
at the mercy of任……处置;任凭……摆布
have mercy on同情;怜悯
show mercy to同情;怜悯
merciful adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的
merciless adj. 残忍的;毫不怜悯的
语境领悟
(1)I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank.
我不想任由银行摆布。
(2)I pray you to show mercy to the child.
我恳请你对这孩子仁慈一点。
(3)They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners.
他们请求她对犯人仁慈。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)You and your group would be at the mercy of what others demand of you.
(2)You can never be careless,as the fires are merciless (mercy).
完成句子
(3)幸运的是她伤势不重。
It's a mercy she wasn't seriously hurt.
_______ _____ ________
3.【教材原文】The sea is home to life,not human beings' possessions.(page 32)
海洋是生命的家园,而不是人类的私有财产。
考点possession n. [usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制
take possession of拥有;占领
in possession of sth 占有(或拥有)某物(表主动)
in the possession of sb 为某人所有(表被动)
possess vt.拥有;具有;支配
possessed adj.着了魔
be possessed of具有(某种品质、能力等)
语境领悟
(1)The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
(2)You're actually already in possession of one of your most important gifts:time.
时间——你拥有的最宝贵的礼物之一。
(3)To possess wealth is not always to be happy.
拥有财富未必一定幸福。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)People lost their homes and all their possessions (possess) in the war.
一句多译
据我所知,他拥有一个大公司。
(2)As far as I know,he is in possession of a large company.
(3)As far as I know,a large company is
in the possession of him.
(4)As far as I know,he possesses a large company.
____ ____________ ____
______ ______ _____________ _______
4.【教材原文】Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future.(page 32)
反对者可能会担心,但海洋勘探对我们的未来很重要。
考点opponent n. 反对者;对手;竞争者
oppose vt.反对
opposed adj. 强烈反对;截然不同
be opposed to 反对……
opposing adj. 对立的;对抗的;相反的
opposition n. 反对;反抗
opposite prep.在……对面 adj. 对面的;相反的
be opposite from 与……相反;不相容
be opposite to 在……对面;与……相反
语境领悟
(1)They are all opposed to naming the high school after Martin.
他们都反对以马丁的名字命名这所高中。
(2)Delegates expressed strong opposition to the plans.
代表强烈反对这些计划。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The manager's former adviser is now one of his most outspoken opponents (opponent).
(2)They came to conclusions diametrically opposed to ours.
(3)She hurried away in the opposite (oppose) direction.
5.【教材原文】We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(page 32)
我们需要理解我们的星球正在发生什么,这样我们才能采取行动。
考点take action采取措施;采取行动
in action在活动中;在运转
out of action不能工作;失去作用;停止运转
into action实行;实施
语境领悟
(1)The profession's leaders must take action now to promote equal opportunities for all.
该行业的领导们现在必须采取措施促使所有人获得均等的
机会。
(2)The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis.
新的交通管理方案正在试验实施。
学以致用
完成句子(用action的相关短语)
(1)是我们采取措施保护水资源的时候了。
It's high time that we should take action to protect the water resources.
(2)他是个出色的网球手,你该看看他打球。
He is a very good tennis player;you ought to see him
in action .
______ __________ ______
________
________ _______
(3)他们不仅学习了商业管理理论方面的课程,并且学以致用。
They have learned the lessons of business management theory,and put them into action .
(4)受伤意味着他有六周不能正常工作。
His injury means he will be out of action for six weeks.
______ _________ ________ _________
________ ______ _________
6.【教材原文】It may help us discover new medicines,as well as new sources of food and energy.(page 32)
这或许能帮我们发现新的药物,还有一些新的食物和能量
来源。
考点as well as也;还有
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个相同的成分,强调的重点在前面,意为“不但……而且……;既……又……”,通常不位于句首。
(2)as well as用作介词,相当于besides和in addition to,意为“除……之外”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。
(3)may/might as well表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意思是“不妨……;还是……为好”。
(4)当“A as well as B”结构做主语时,谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。
语境领悟
(1)The old people as well as the children like this film.
老人还有儿童都喜欢这部电影。
(2)As well as walking,he likes fishing and hunting.
他除散步之外还喜欢钓鱼和打猎。
(3)She can play tennis as well as basketball.
她会打网球,也会打篮球。
(4)There's nothing I can do about the problem,so I might as well go with the flow.
这个问题我无能为力,所以不如就顺其自然好了。
(5)You can't expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.
你不可能叫她既做家务又照看小孩。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)老师和学生都爱听英语歌曲。
The teachers as well as the students enjoy listening to English songs.
(2)除学习英语之外,我们还想体验美国生活。
As well as learning English ,we want to experience life in the USA.
______ ________ ______ _______ ___________
_______ ________ ______ ___________ ____________
(3)既然你开了头,索性把它做完吧。
Since you have started the job,you
might as well finish it .
(4)我们既给墙壁刷油漆,又修房顶。
We are repairing the roof,
as well as painting the walls .
________ ______ ________ _________ ______
_____ __________ _____ ____________ ________ ________
句 型 剖 析
【教材原文】Plastic pollution is also bad,killing many birds and fish,and has even been found in our tap water.(page 32)
塑料污染也很糟糕,使很多鸟类和鱼死去,甚至能在我们的自来水里发现。
句法分析
killing many birds and fish在句中做结果状语。动词-ing形式做结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果。
动词-ing形式还可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随动作。动词不定式做结果状语,表示一种意料之外的结果。
语境领悟
(1)Her husband died,leaving her 3 kids to look after.
她丈夫去世了,留给她三个孩子照顾。
(2)Being poor,he couldn't afford a TV set.
他很穷,买不起一台电视机。
(3)Working hard,you'll surely succeed.
努力学习,你一定能成功。
(4)Having lived here for four years,I am not familiar with my neighbours.
虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。
(5)The news reporters hurried to the airport,only to be told the writers had left.
新闻记者们慌张到达机场,结果却被告知作家们已经离开了。
学以致用
句型转换(用动词-ing形式)
(1)If you use your head,you'll find a good way.
→ Using your head ,you'll find a good way.
(2)As we don't know her address,we can't get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address ,we can't get in touch with her.
(3)When I was walking in the street,I saw a tailor's shop.
→ Walking in the street ,I saw a tailor's shop.
(4)Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
→Four people entered the room,
looking around in a curious way .
(5)Although he was not a rich man himself,he helped the poor generously.
→ Not being a rich man himself ,he helped the poor generously.
随堂训练
一、单句语法填空
1.He has made such great progress that the teachers are satisfied with him.
2.If you wish to show your respect for me,you should be a just and merciful (mercy) ruler.
3.Planning is good,but taking action to prepare (prepare) is the next step.
4.Two weeks later,surgeons carried out the operation to rebuild his face.
5.I arrived at the shop only to find (find) that I'd left all my money at home.
二、完成句子
1.小船的马达出现故障之后,他们任由天气的摆布。
After the boat's motor failed,they were
at the mercy of the weather .
2.他站在窗户旁,注视着人们经过他的窗户。
He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window .
_______ _______ _________ _______ _______ ___________
____________ __________
_________ _______ _______ _________
3.我们对该项工程应给予大力支持,以便能按期完成。
We should give this project every support so that it may be completed on schedule.
4.我们必须采取行动跟上新的发展。
We must take action to keep up with new developments.
5.你有价值500英镑以上的物品吗
Are you in possession of any items over ￡500 in value
_____________
_____ _______ _______ _____________
________ ________ ________ _________ ________
________ ________ ______ ____________ _______(共12张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing
写作 触类旁通
写作指导
议论文
辩论性文章属于议论文。议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法,因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较,然后进行分析和评论,最后提出自己的看法,表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明,得出结论。
辩论性文章,一般包括四段:
第一段——说明辩论的主题;
第二段——表明正方的观点及其理由;
第三段——表明反方的观点及其理由;
第四段——陈述自己的观点。
(有时也可以分为三段:第一段说明辩论的主题;第二段表明正方和反方的观点及理由;第三段表明作者自己的观点。)
典题示例
假如你是李华,学校即将举行以“Is it necessary for humans to explore the sea ”为题目的英语作文比赛,请按照下列要求写一篇80词左右的议论文。要点如下:
1.使海洋可持续发展;
2.了解海洋环境;
3.更好地了解气候。
写作探究
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1.address 设法解决;处理
2.keep track of 了解……的动态
3.be of great benefit to 使……很受益
提分句型
1.过去分词做后置定语
2.which引导的非限制性定语从句
3.what引导的名词性从句
4.because引导的原因状语从句
妙笔成篇
Is it necessary for humans to explore the sea
I agree with the view that it is necessary for humans to explore the sea.
First,sea exploration can give us knowledge about how to maintain the sustainable development of the sea because the sea can be one of the resources for us to rely on to fulfill the needs such as food,energy,medicines,etc.Moreover,it can also provide the basic information needed to better understand the sea environment,which helps scientists to address current situations and predict the future.In addition,it can help us keep track of climate change.
In sum,sea exploration will be of great benefit to humans.
即学即练
假如你是某国际学校学生会主席,为了丰富同学们的课余生活,你校将于本周五晚7点到9点在学校礼堂举办音乐晚会。请你代表学生会制作一则英文海报,欢迎同学们前来观看。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Let's Enjoy a Wonderful Musical Performance
Are you interested in music Do you want to enjoy a wonderful musical performance Here is a piece of good news for you.
Our school will give an amazing musical evening in our school hall on Friday evening from 7 to 9.Many different kinds of programmes will be shown,including classical music,folk music,jazz music and pop songs,etc,which will be much more enjoyable than you expect.
Come and watch our performances.All are welcome!
Students' Council
