2023-2024学年译林版八年级英语上册Unit 8Natural disasters 知识清单
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2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元知识清单
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit．
1．natural disasters 自然灾害
2．be all wet (全身) 湿透
3． wake up 醒来 【wake sb． up 动副词组，代词放中间】 【wake过去式 → woke】
4．I was sleeping when it started to rain． 当天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。
5．mop up the water = mop the water up 把水拖干 【mop it up 动副词组，代词放中间】
【注】mop → 过去式：mopped mop → 现在分词：mopping
6．lose the final 输掉了决赛
7．crash into a tree 猛撞到一棵树上
8．thousands of people 成千上万的人 【three thousand people 三千人】
9．wash away the village 冲走了村庄 【wash it away 动副词组，代词放中间】
10． a car accident 一起小汽车交通事故
11．Lightning starts a big fire 闪电引发了一场大火
12．fall from the tree 从树上摔下来 = drop from the tree = fall off the tree
13．hear about the fire 听说这场火灾 = hear of the fire
14．a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 带有雷电的一场风暴
15．catch fire = be on fire 着火
二、Reading
1．an earthquake 一场地震
2．feel a slight shake 感到一阵轻微的震动
3．hear a loud noise like thunder 听到像打雷一样的大的声响
4．scream in fear 惊恐地尖叫
5．run out of the building 从楼房内跑出来
6．try one’s best to run out (of the building) 尽力跑出(大楼)
7．People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down．
当一块块的玻璃和砖块掉下来的时候，人们向四面八方跑去。
★【重点】①run in all directions 向四面八方跑
②pieces of glass and bricks 一块块的玻璃和砖块
③fall down 掉下来 【fall过去式 → fell】
8． come down 坍塌下来
9．I could not see anything at all． 我根本看不到任何东西。
★【区分】①I don’t like the teacher at all． 我一点也不喜欢这个老师。
【not ．．． at all 一点也不，根本不= not．．． a bit】
② I don’t like the teacher a little． 我非常喜欢这个老师。（不是一点点喜欢）
【not ．．． a little 非常，很多】
③ A：Thank you very much． 多谢你了。 B：Not at all． 不客气。
【Not at all． 含义很多：不用谢；不客气；没什么；没关系等】
10．I did not know if anyone else was near me． 我不知道我的附近是否有其它任何人。
★【区分】
①if 意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句，放在动词后，从句时态该用什么时态就用何种时态。
②if 意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，当主句是将来时，从句用一班现在时。
【精典考题】: I don’t know if(是否) he will come back tomorrow．
If(如果) he comes back tomorrow, I will call you．
11．be trapped 被困住了 【被动语态】
12．say to oneself 自言自语地说
13． ★A moment of fear went through my mind． 一阵恐惧感袭上心头/掠过我的脑海。
【重点】 ①mind 作名词：精神，心力，智慧; 心胸，头脑，见解，意见等（不可数）
body and mind 身心； change one’s mind 改变某人的想法
②mind 作动词：介意、反对等
★mind sb．/sb’s doing sth．
A: Do you mind me/my smoking here 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？
B: You’d better not． 你最好不要在这吸烟。 （表示反对）
B:Of course not．/certainly not．/Not at all． 当然不介意。/一点不介意。
14． I told myself to calm down since I was still alive． 既然我还活着，我告诉我自己要镇定。
【since连词：既然、由于（引导状语从句）】
★【区分】①alive 【意为：活着的。只能做表语，构成系表结构，不能做定语修饰名词】
Eg: They still stayed alive after the earthquake．
② living【意为：活着的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】
Eg: Mr Zhang is a living Lei Feng in our school．
③lively【意为：生动的、活泼的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】
Eg: He told a very lively story about his life in America．
Mr Yang always makes his classes lively． 【形容词作宾补】
15．shout for help 大声喊救命
16．pull myself slowly through the dark 慢慢地移动我自己（的身体）穿过黑暗
17．There was enough space for me to move． 有足够的空间供我移动。
18．find one’s way out 找到某人的出路
19．hear shouts from excited people 听到激动的人们的叫声
20．move away the bricks 搬走砖块
21．see the bright daylight 看见明亮的日光
22． ★【区】①asleep 形容词：睡着的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）反：awake 醒着的
Eg: fall asleep （无意识）入睡
②sleepy 形容词：想睡的，困倦的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）
Eg: feel sleepy 感到很困倦
23．beat vi．/vt． 跳动, 作节奏运动 【beat过去式 → beat】
三、Grammar
【语法】A． 动词与句子结构（英语中的五种基本句型）。
【一】、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词
否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。
如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday．
→He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday．
→Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday (Yes, he was．/ No, he wasn’t．)
→What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday
【二】、过去进行时用法：
（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作，常和过去的状语连用。 如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时；at that moment=then在那时
at 3:00 yesterday afternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候
①What were you doing at nine last night 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？
②I was watching TV at home at 3:00 yesterday afternoon．
我昨天下午三点正在家里看电视。
③They were playing football at this time yesterday．昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。
（2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作。常与those days,
the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night，last night 等时间状语连用。
①From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale ． 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
②They were building a bridge last winter ． 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。
③He was writing a book those days． 那几天他正在写一本书。
（3）根据情境或上下文需要使用过去进行时。
A: I saw you in the library yesterday morning． What were you doing there
B: I was reading a book on Diaoyu Island．
（4）过去进行时常出现在含有when和while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中．
eg． ①I was playing computer games when my father got home．
= When my father got home, I was playing computer games．
② Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework．
= While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking．
★when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当……．时候”之意，用法稍有不同：
结论 ※a． when后常跟短动词（瞬间动词），有时也可跟长动词。
while后只能接长动词（延续性动词或be动词）。
※b． 主句和从句两个动作都发生在过去，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时，短动作发生在长动作进行的过程当中。
※C． while连接两个长动作，当两个动作一长一短时， while(when)放在长动词的前
面，when放在短动词的前面。
（5）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。
① I wrote a letter this morning． 今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了）
I was writing a letter this morning． 今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）
② The children watched TV yesterday evening．
昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事）
The children were watching TV yesterday evening．
昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性）
【语法】B． when, while, as 用法
▲1．when,while,as 意义 “当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。
① when + 短动词或长动词
② as + 短动词或长动词
③ while + 长动词(be动词也是长动词）
▲2． ①while 连接两个长动作，两个动作同时发生。（主句和从句都是长动词，常用进行时）
Father was watching TV while mother was cooking dinner．
②as 连接两个同时发生的短动词。
Andy came into the room as Millie sat down on the sofa．
③一个长动作和一个短动作，短动作发生在长动作过程之中，也就是说，长动作先发生，短动作后发生。分两种情况：
A．主句是长动作，从句用when+短动作。
I was wathing TV when father got home．
B．主句是短动作，从句用while/as/when+长动作。
Father got home while/as/when I was watching TV．
▲3．as还有一种特殊用法，用于两个平行结构。表示：一个主语同时进行两个动作；一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化．（意为：①一边做……一边做…… ②随着……）
① He sang as he worked． 他边工作边唱歌。
② As he grew older，he became more confident． 随着年龄的增长他变得更加自信。
▲4．when/while+ doing sth．
★ Jim found a dead cat when entering the room．
★Jim heard a loud shout while doing his homework at nine last night．
【语法】C． 重点短语句型
1. I saw you and your mother standing on the side of the road．
【see sb． doing sth． 看到某人正在做某事(感官动词用法)】
2．kick the ball 踢球
3．break down 出故障、坏掉 【break过去式 → broke】
4．because of the cold weather 由于寒冷天气
5．ring someone to come and help 打电话叫人来帮忙
6．build/make a snowman 堆雪人
7．fall over 摔倒
8．make a big snowball 滚一个大雪球
四、Integrated skills
1．get out as soon as possible 尽快出去 【as ．．．as possible = as．．． as sb． can 尽可能】
2．protect yourself from thick smoke 保护你自己免受隆烟(之苦)
3．stay low to the ground 贴着地面
4．Never go back into the building on fire 决不要返回去进入着火的楼房
5．walk through the flood water 在洪水中行走
6．follow/obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则
7．keep ourselves safe from fires 保持我们自己安全远离火患
8．What should we do if our building is on fire 【be on fire = catch fire】
如果我们大楼着火了，我们怎么办
9．use a wet towel to cover my mouth 用一块湿毛巾捂住我的嘴【use．．． to do．．． = use．．． for doing．．．】
= cover my mouth with a wet towel
10．stay away from a window 远离窗户
11． cover the burn with a clean towel 用一块干净的毛巾捂住烧伤的伤口
五、Study skills
创造新单词：将两个单词合在一起构成合成词。
直接合成 直接合成
rail + way railway book + shop bookshop
earth + quake earthquake class + room classroom
pan + cake pancake country + side countryside
snow + ball snowball gentle +man gentleman
grand + daughter granddaughter house + work housework
grand + son grandson news + paper newspaper
black + board blackboard super + market supermarket
notice + board noticeboard公告栏
week + day weekday 中间加“-”来合成
week + end weekend north + east north-east
head + ache headache part + time part-time兼职的
★ 【注】：policeman, fisherman, Englishman,postman等是复合词，复数将a改成e．
但：Walkman, human, German不是合成词，复数在后面加s．
六、Task
1．share an umbrella with sb． 与某人合用一把伞
2．a strong wind came from behind 一阵强风从背后袭来【此句中为behind为地点副词】
3．the next morning 第二天早晨（非明天早晨，特指过去或将来某个时间点的第二天早晨）
4．The snow kept falling． 一直下雪 【keep + doing sth．】
5．hear the noise of traffic 听到车辆的嘈杂声
6．clear the snow from the street 清除街上的积雪
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit．
1．natural disasters 自然灾害
2．be all wet (全身) 湿透
3． wake up 醒来 【wake sb． up 动副词组，代词放中间】 【wake过去式 → woke】
4．I was sleeping when it started to rain． 当天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。
5．mop up the water = mop the water up 把水拖干 【mop it up 动副词组，代词放中间】
【注】mop → 过去式：mopped mop → 现在分词：mopping
6．lose the final 输掉了决赛
7．crash into a tree 猛撞到一棵树上
8．thousands of people 成千上万的人 【three thousand people 三千人】
9．wash away the village 冲走了村庄 【wash it away 动副词组，代词放中间】
10． a car accident 一起小汽车交通事故
11．Lightning starts a big fire 闪电引发了一场大火
12．fall from the tree 从树上摔下来 = drop from the tree = fall off the tree
13．hear about the fire 听说这场火灾 = hear of the fire
14．a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 带有雷电的一场风暴
15．catch fire = be on fire 着火
二、Reading
1．an earthquake 一场地震
2．feel a slight shake 感到一阵轻微的震动
3．hear a loud noise like thunder 听到像打雷一样的大的声响
4．scream in fear 惊恐地尖叫
5．run out of the building 从楼房内跑出来
6．try one’s best to run out (of the building) 尽力跑出(大楼)
7．People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down．
当一块块的玻璃和砖块掉下来的时候，人们向四面八方跑去。
★【重点】①run in all directions 向四面八方跑
②pieces of glass and bricks 一块块的玻璃和砖块
③fall down 掉下来 【fall过去式 → fell】
8． come down 坍塌下来
9．I could not see anything at all． 我根本看不到任何东西。
★【区分】①I don’t like the teacher at all． 我一点也不喜欢这个老师。
【not ．．． at all 一点也不，根本不= not．．． a bit】
② I don’t like the teacher a little． 我非常喜欢这个老师。（不是一点点喜欢）
【not ．．． a little 非常，很多】
③ A：Thank you very much． 多谢你了。 B：Not at all． 不客气。
【Not at all． 含义很多：不用谢；不客气；没什么；没关系等】
10．I did not know if anyone else was near me． 我不知道我的附近是否有其它任何人。
★【区分】
①if 意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句，放在动词后，从句时态该用什么时态就用何种时态。
②if 意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句，当主句是将来时，从句用一班现在时。
【精典考题】: I don’t know if(是否) he will come back tomorrow．
If(如果) he comes back tomorrow, I will call you．
11．be trapped 被困住了 【被动语态】
12．say to oneself 自言自语地说
13． ★A moment of fear went through my mind． 一阵恐惧感袭上心头/掠过我的脑海。
【重点】 ①mind 作名词：精神，心力，智慧; 心胸，头脑，见解，意见等（不可数）
body and mind 身心； change one’s mind 改变某人的想法
②mind 作动词：介意、反对等
★mind sb．/sb’s doing sth．
A: Do you mind me/my smoking here 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？
B: You’d better not． 你最好不要在这吸烟。 （表示反对）
B:Of course not．/certainly not．/Not at all． 当然不介意。/一点不介意。
14． I told myself to calm down since I was still alive． 既然我还活着，我告诉我自己要镇定。
【since连词：既然、由于（引导状语从句）】
★【区分】①alive 【意为：活着的。只能做表语，构成系表结构，不能做定语修饰名词】
Eg: They still stayed alive after the earthquake．
② living【意为：活着的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】
Eg: Mr Zhang is a living Lei Feng in our school．
③lively【意为：生动的、活泼的。可做表语，也可做定语修饰名词】
Eg: He told a very lively story about his life in America．
Mr Yang always makes his classes lively． 【形容词作宾补】
15．shout for help 大声喊救命
16．pull myself slowly through the dark 慢慢地移动我自己（的身体）穿过黑暗
17．There was enough space for me to move． 有足够的空间供我移动。
18．find one’s way out 找到某人的出路
19．hear shouts from excited people 听到激动的人们的叫声
20．move away the bricks 搬走砖块
21．see the bright daylight 看见明亮的日光
22． ★【区】①asleep 形容词：睡着的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）反：awake 醒着的
Eg: fall asleep （无意识）入睡
②sleepy 形容词：想睡的，困倦的（只作表语，不作定语修饰名词）
Eg: feel sleepy 感到很困倦
23．beat vi．/vt． 跳动, 作节奏运动 【beat过去式 → beat】
三、Grammar
【语法】A． 动词与句子结构（英语中的五种基本句型）。
【一】、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词
否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。
如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday．
→He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday．
→Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday (Yes, he was．/ No, he wasn’t．)
→What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday
【二】、过去进行时用法：
（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作，常和过去的状语连用。 如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时；at that moment=then在那时
at 3:00 yesterday afternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候
①What were you doing at nine last night 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？
②I was watching TV at home at 3:00 yesterday afternoon．
我昨天下午三点正在家里看电视。
③They were playing football at this time yesterday．昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。
（2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作。常与those days,
the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night，last night 等时间状语连用。
①From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale ． 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
②They were building a bridge last winter ． 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。
③He was writing a book those days． 那几天他正在写一本书。
（3）根据情境或上下文需要使用过去进行时。
A: I saw you in the library yesterday morning． What were you doing there
B: I was reading a book on Diaoyu Island．
（4）过去进行时常出现在含有when和while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中．
eg． ①I was playing computer games when my father got home．
= When my father got home, I was playing computer games．
② Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework．
= While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking．
★when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当……．时候”之意，用法稍有不同：
结论 ※a． when后常跟短动词（瞬间动词），有时也可跟长动词。
while后只能接长动词（延续性动词或be动词）。
※b． 主句和从句两个动作都发生在过去，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时，短动作发生在长动作进行的过程当中。
※C． while连接两个长动作，当两个动作一长一短时， while(when)放在长动词的前
面，when放在短动词的前面。
（5）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。
① I wrote a letter this morning． 今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了）
I was writing a letter this morning． 今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）
② The children watched TV yesterday evening．
昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事）
The children were watching TV yesterday evening．
昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性）
【语法】B． when, while, as 用法
▲1．when,while,as 意义 “当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。
① when + 短动词或长动词
② as + 短动词或长动词
③ while + 长动词(be动词也是长动词）
▲2． ①while 连接两个长动作，两个动作同时发生。（主句和从句都是长动词，常用进行时）
Father was watching TV while mother was cooking dinner．
②as 连接两个同时发生的短动词。
Andy came into the room as Millie sat down on the sofa．
③一个长动作和一个短动作，短动作发生在长动作过程之中，也就是说，长动作先发生，短动作后发生。分两种情况：
A．主句是长动作，从句用when+短动作。
I was wathing TV when father got home．
B．主句是短动作，从句用while/as/when+长动作。
Father got home while/as/when I was watching TV．
▲3．as还有一种特殊用法，用于两个平行结构。表示：一个主语同时进行两个动作；一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化．（意为：①一边做……一边做…… ②随着……）
① He sang as he worked． 他边工作边唱歌。
② As he grew older，he became more confident． 随着年龄的增长他变得更加自信。
▲4．when/while+ doing sth．
★ Jim found a dead cat when entering the room．
★Jim heard a loud shout while doing his homework at nine last night．
【语法】C． 重点短语句型
1. I saw you and your mother standing on the side of the road．
【see sb． doing sth． 看到某人正在做某事(感官动词用法)】
2．kick the ball 踢球
3．break down 出故障、坏掉 【break过去式 → broke】
4．because of the cold weather 由于寒冷天气
5．ring someone to come and help 打电话叫人来帮忙
6．build/make a snowman 堆雪人
7．fall over 摔倒
8．make a big snowball 滚一个大雪球
四、Integrated skills
1．get out as soon as possible 尽快出去 【as ．．．as possible = as．．． as sb． can 尽可能】
2．protect yourself from thick smoke 保护你自己免受隆烟(之苦)
3．stay low to the ground 贴着地面
4．Never go back into the building on fire 决不要返回去进入着火的楼房
5．walk through the flood water 在洪水中行走
6．follow/obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则
7．keep ourselves safe from fires 保持我们自己安全远离火患
8．What should we do if our building is on fire 【be on fire = catch fire】
如果我们大楼着火了，我们怎么办
9．use a wet towel to cover my mouth 用一块湿毛巾捂住我的嘴【use．．． to do．．． = use．．． for doing．．．】
= cover my mouth with a wet towel
10．stay away from a window 远离窗户
11． cover the burn with a clean towel 用一块干净的毛巾捂住烧伤的伤口
五、Study skills
创造新单词：将两个单词合在一起构成合成词。
直接合成 直接合成
rail + way railway book + shop bookshop
earth + quake earthquake class + room classroom
pan + cake pancake country + side countryside
snow + ball snowball gentle +man gentleman
grand + daughter granddaughter house + work housework
grand + son grandson news + paper newspaper
black + board blackboard super + market supermarket
notice + board noticeboard公告栏
week + day weekday 中间加“-”来合成
week + end weekend north + east north-east
head + ache headache part + time part-time兼职的
★ 【注】：policeman, fisherman, Englishman,postman等是复合词，复数将a改成e．
但：Walkman, human, German不是合成词，复数在后面加s．
六、Task
1．share an umbrella with sb． 与某人合用一把伞
2．a strong wind came from behind 一阵强风从背后袭来【此句中为behind为地点副词】
3．the next morning 第二天早晨（非明天早晨，特指过去或将来某个时间点的第二天早晨）
4．The snow kept falling． 一直下雪 【keep + doing sth．】
5．hear the noise of traffic 听到车辆的嘈杂声
6．clear the snow from the street 清除街上的积雪