2023-2024学年江苏省南京市第一中学高二英语9月月考试卷
全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）（略）
第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。
A
London and Paris are two of Europe’s biggest tourist destinations, just a few hours away from each other by road or rail and an hour’s distance by air. What about the train-ferry combination that many recall fondly from their childhoods Well, though it’s budget-saving, this option is too time-consuming today, so better leave it to your memories. Since the UK is not part the Schengen Area, passengers need to go through passport control prior to boarding.
Air trips
Though flying between London and Paris is by no means recommended, there are still a few people traveling between the two dynamic cities by air. A very low one-way fare is possible through advanced booking, but of course it’s rare, and that doesn’t include the taxi and rail fares traveling to and from the airports.
* One-way fares from Paris can be as low as 49;
* From London, Air France flies with fares as low as 39(46), and British Airways as low as 48 (56).
Rail trips
The only direct train between London and Paris is the Eurostar, which travels 15 -17 times per weekday. Eurostar’s 2015 edition trains can make the journey in two hours at speeds of up to 320 km/h. Besides, they offer good seating space.
* Fares begin at a reasonable 58(68), round trip;
* The earlier you book, the more you save.
Bus trips
The bus is by far the least expensive and longest way to travel between Paris and London Eurolines and OUIBUS are two major bus lines traveling between the two capitals. The journey takes between seven and nine hours. Both lines advertise free Wi-Fi.
* One-way Eurolines fares begin at 15;
* One-way OUIBUS fares begin at 15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare.
1. Which way is probably the cheapest for a round trip
A. By train-ferry. B. By air. C. By rail. D. By bus.
2. What special service does the bus trip provide
A. Free booking. B. Taxi pickup.
C. Good seating space. D. Free Wi-Fi.
3. What do the trips have in common with each other
A. There are different competing companies.
B. They are cheaper if booked ahead of time.
C They are more expensive from the Paris end.
D. There are still additional fees to be included.
B
Finding a suitable name for a baby is a big deal in China.When picking out a Chinese name,parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name, many of them struggle.That's where Jessup and her company, Special Name,come in. In the last few years, Jessup has helped name 677,900 Chinese babies, and earned over $400,000 in the process, more than enough to pay her college fees.
Jessup came up with the idea for Special Name in 2015,after accompanying her father on a business trip to China.One of her dad's business partners,a Mrs.Wang, asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter.Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture.The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve,so Jessup suggested the name"Eliza"after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion.Mrs.Wang seemed delighted with Jessup's choice."If Mrs.Wang needed this service,maybe other parents would as well,"Jessup thought.
After returning to UK,Jessup borrowed ￡1,500 from her parents and paid a web designer to build a website,She then spent her free time filling up a database(数据库)with around 4,000 English names,associating them with five major personality characteristics,like honesty and optimism.
In the beginning, Jessup offered the service for free to promote the website,but later,she started charging fees.The business is almost completely self-sufficient,requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations.She updates the database each month,allowing her to focus full-time on studies.
4. What's the purpose of Special Name
A. To help Chinese teens go abroad.
B. To strengthen children's personalities.
C. To pick an English name for a Chinese baby.
D. To make a deal with Chinese parents.
5. What inspired Jessup to set up Special Name
A. A suggestion from a business partner. B. Her interest in Chinese culture.
C. A Chinese mother's request. D. A character from a play.
6. What did Mrs.Wang want her daughter to be in the future
A. A woman with achievements. B. A famous actress.
C. A successful businesswoman. D. A western culture expert.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph about Special Name
A. It offers free service. B. It's updated every day.
C. It's operated completely by itself. D. It is easy to manage.
C
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area. Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can cause very deadly results. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
8. Why was the system developed
A. To keep track of lightning deaths.
B. To meet people’s curiosity about lightning.
C. To protect people from lightning strikes.
D. To take advantage of the energy of lightning.
9. What is special about the system
A. It collects data samples from around the world.
B. It involves the use of a machine learning algorithm.
C. It was test-run several times before being put into use.
D. Its success owes greatly to a European effort.
10. What will the researchers do in the next stage
A. Prevent the formation of lightning. B. Get lightning striking under control.
C. Inspire the study of a laser technology. D. Raise the accuracy of lightning prediction.
11 What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A system of Controlling Lightning B. A Theory of Employing Lightning
C. A Method of Forecasting Lightning D. A Model of Creating Lightning
D
To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth, sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to"save the bees", raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, theyare probably doing more harm than good.
“Beekeeping is for people; it's not a conservation practice, "says Shelly Smith, an environmental science professor. People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong.”
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people’s attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist's point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.
“To make matters worse, beekeeping companies and various non-science-based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations, "Smith explains. "These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations.”
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food,putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition—that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
12. Which statement does the writer argue for
A. Honey bees endanger native bees.
B. Honey bees are a symbol of wealth.
C. Honey bees are important for agriculture.
D. Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems.
13. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Beekeeping is a still-popular traditional hobby.
B. The media is responsible for misleading the public.
C. Citizens’ attempts to protect the environment are effective.
D. The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses.
14. What surprised Shelly Smith's team
A. Beekeeping companies' making great profits.
B. The quick expansion of bee-friendly habitats.
C. The public's ignorance of bee varieties and roles.
D. Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees.
15. How does the writer develop the last paragraph
A. By listing examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing survey data. D. By explaining cause and effect.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the difference between happy people and unhappy people ____16____ Read the following list of things that HAPPY people do differently from UNHAPPY people and you will know.
Well, I can tell you for sure that those people who are really happy, FEAR less and LOVE a lot more. They see each moment, each challenge, each person as an opportunity to discover more about themselves and the world around them___17___
Happy people understand that you can’t really change a situation by resisting（反抗）it. But they can feel better by understanding that there might be a reason for its existence（存在）. _______18_______ But rather, they ask themselves questions like: What can I learn from this How can I make this better They always seem to be pleasant and hopeful no matter what happens to them.
They do the things they do because of the meaning it brings into their lives and because they get a sense of purpose by doing so.
______19______ They care more about living a life full of meaning rather than, what in our modern society we would call, living a successful life. The fact here is that most of the time they get both, success and meaning, just because they choose to focus on doing the things they love the most.
______20______ They make sure that their actions bring meaning and happiness in the lives of many. They look for ways to give and to share the best of themselves with the world and to make other people happy.
A. They have an ideal living and a balanced life.
B. What are the things that these people do differently
C. They are kind to themselves and others and they understand the power of love.
D. The things happy people do are not for themselves, but for the good of others.
E. They are ready to embrace whatever lies in front of them.
F. They understand that “Doing what you love is the most important for living a full life”.
G. When something unpleasant happens to them, they don’t try to fight it, knowing that this will make the situation even worse.
第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When our three kids were young, we had days that went on for life times, As I watched my husband Crag leave every morning, I felt ___21___ to have so much time alone with my babies. When Craig ___22___ each evening, he would smile and ask, “So! How was your day ”
This question showed the ___23___ between his experience of a “day” and mine. How was my day I ___24___ Craig as the kids screamed loudly around. Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and the toys littering the floor.
I wanted to say, “Today has been a ___25___ There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I might ___26___. I was both lonely and ___27___ to be alone.” But busy with so much housework, I was too tired to ___28___. So I just said, “Fine.” But I felt sad because ___29___ is about being seen and known.
So we decided to ____30____ help. We learned from the counselor（咨询师） that love is ____31____ and we shouldn't ask the same empty questions like: “How was your day ” ____32____ , we can ask questions like: When did you feel loved or lonely today A ____33____ question is a key that will unlock a room inside the person you love.
Questions are like gifts. It's the ____34____ behind them that the receiver feels. The more ____35____ you give to your questions, the more beautiful the answers become.
21. A. relaxed B. scared C. excited D. surprised
22 A. called B. awoke C. returned D. withdrew
23. A. combination B. gap C. wrestle D. linked
24. A. stared at B. broke with C. lied to D. drove away
25. A. miracle B. flash C. lifetime D. discovery
26. A. jump B. regret C. hesitate D. explode
27. A. optimistic B. desperate C. secure D. thankful
28 A. move B. listen C. quarrel D. answer
29. A. love B. respect C. trust D. help
30. A. offer B. receive C. refuse D. seek
31. A. specific B. precious C. fundamental D. plain
32. A. However B. Instead C. Consequently D. Besides
33. A. caring B. curious C. pointed D. direct
34. A. secret B. response C. thought D. inspiration
35. A. clue B. explanations C. support D. attention
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know that forgiving yourself and others can bring you peace of mind. Recently, a new study published in the journal Psychology and Health______36______ (find) that forgiveness may help you sleep well, too. Researchers led by Luther College psychology professor Loren Toussaint ______37______ (survey) nearly 1,500 American adults to rate (评估) how likely they were to forgive both themselves for their own mistakes and others for hurting them. Then, Toussaint and his team asked the participants quite a few ______38______ (question) over their sleep quality, life ______39______ (satisfy), and overall physical health. Their findings show that people who were forgiving slept much ______40______ (well) at night, and, in turn, were happier and healthier than ______41______ who went to bed in anger.
The results led the researchers ______42______ (conclude) that forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness may help create a restful mental state that supports sound sleep, ______43______ is connected with better health. Of course, forgiving yourself or someone else isn’t always easy. According to Karen Swartz, a doctor of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, it is about more than just saying the words.
“It is an active process in which you make a decision to let go of negative feelings ______44______ the person deserves it or not,” Swartz explains.
So, next time you can’t sleep at night, why not give forgiveness______45______ try It’s certain that it can make you feel better the next day.
第三节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of c_____ . (根据首字母单词拼写)
47. We are c____________ to the project heart and soul. We wouldn’t be here otherwise. （根据首字母单词拼写）
48. Many things left by the ancient Egyptians in tombs ave been brought to l____________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
49. The local peasants are worried about the a____________(准确) of government statistics. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
50. The factor that d____________ (to be a characteristic that makes something or someone different or special) this company from the competition is customer service. （根据首字母单词拼写）
51. They e____________ (to experience something especially problems) serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured. （根据首字母单词拼写）
52. We need to f____________ ourselves with the new environment when we move to a new place. （根据首字母单词拼写）
53. If you don’t work hard now, you will have difficulty e____________ yourself to a pension after retirement. （根据首字母单词拼写）
54. He is to b____________ for the accident because he drove on the wrong way. （根据首字母单词拼写）
55. In judging the delay, we must make a____________ for the extremely bad weather. （根据首字母单词拼写）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
56. 你校上周举办了帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖 ( online charity sale) 活动，请你为学校英文校报写一篇活动报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程：网上展示和销售闲置物品等；
3. 活动意义和参与者感受。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Birthdays are typically the occasions for delight and feasting. Family and friends get together on the occasion and convey their regards with the beautiful presents they bring with themselves. I am personally a big fan of birthdays and wait for my birthday approximately a month prior to the day.
This year, my birthday came off on last Monday. I didn’t know that my parents had arranged a special party for me. At eight o’clock in the evening of my lucky birthday, I was alone at home complaining and frowning, and pitying myself for my misfortune. I thought it was going to be a special day filled with presents and fun, but all I received was a “Happy Birthday”.
All of a sudden, the electricity was cut off and there was a complete darkness in the house. I couldn’t do anything. Therefore, I decided to go to sleep and end this unlucky day.
Out of the blue in that quiet night, I heard a sudden noise coming from downstairs. Startled and terribly shocked, I suspected that someone broke into the house. Immediately, I tried to phone my parents, but no one answered.
After a couple of minutes of fear, I started to calm down. Although in the meantime I heard more noises of people talking, I summoned up some courage and started heading for the basement. As I slowly drew closer to the basement, I guessed there were more than one person, but I found it hard to believe. There couldn’t be a lot of people in our basement!
Courageously, I opened the door of the basement. There was a complete darkness. There wasn’t a single noise. However, as I approached, I heard some laughter and confirmed that there were people. Suddenly, the lights were on and there stood my parents and friends cheering at me with the beautiful presents they had carefully prepared for me.It was a surprise party! The room was beautifully decorated with colorful balloons. Tables and chairs were laid and covered with white and contrasting red sheets. A gigantic birthday cake was positioned on the innermost table.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1: Now everything was ready and the party was set in motion.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The party was over and the guests began to head off.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024学年江苏省南京市第一中学高二英语9月月考试卷
全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）（略）
第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。
A
London and Paris are two of Europe’s biggest tourist destinations, just a few hours away from each other by road or rail and an hour’s distance by air. What about the train-ferry combination that many recall fondly from their childhoods Well, though it’s budget-saving, this option is too time-consuming today, so better leave it to your memories. Since the UK is not part the Schengen Area, passengers need to go through passport control prior to boarding.
Air trips
Though flying between London and Paris is by no means recommended, there are still a few people traveling between the two dynamic cities by air. A very low one-way fare is possible through advanced booking, but of course it’s rare, and that doesn’t include the taxi and rail fares traveling to and from the airports.
* One-way fares from Paris can be as low as 49;
* From London, Air France flies with fares as low as 39(46), and British Airways as low as 48 (56).
Rail trips
The only direct train between London and Paris is the Eurostar, which travels 15 -17 times per weekday. Eurostar’s 2015 edition trains can make the journey in two hours at speeds of up to 320 km/h. Besides, they offer good seating space.
* Fares begin at a reasonable 58(68), round trip;
* The earlier you book, the more you save.
Bus trips
The bus is by far the least expensive and longest way to travel between Paris and London. Eurolines and OUIBUS are two major bus lines traveling between the two capitals. The journey takes between seven and nine hours. Both lines advertise free Wi-Fi.
* One-way Eurolines fares begin at 15;
* One-way OUIBUS fares begin at 15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare.
1. Which way is probably the cheapest for a round trip
A. By train-ferry. B. By air. C. By rail. D. By bus.
2. What special service does the bus trip provide
A. Free booking. B. Taxi pickup.
C. Good seating space. D. Free Wi-Fi.
3. What do the trips have in common with each other
A There are different competing companies.
B. They are cheaper if booked ahead of time.
C. They are more expensive from the Paris end.
D. There are still additional fees to be included.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了去伦敦和巴黎这两个欧洲最大的旅游目的地旅行的交通方式的详细信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“What about the train-ferry combination that many recall fondly from their childhoods Well, though it’s budget-saving, this option is too time-consuming today, so better leave it to your memories. (火车和轮渡的组合会让许多人回忆起童年时的美好回忆吗 好吧，虽然这是节省预算，但这个选择在今天太耗时了，所以最好留给你的记忆) ”可知，作者不建议搭乘火车轮渡组合，且没有给出具体价格，所以无法比较。根据Air trips中“* One-way fares from Paris can be as low as ?49; * From London, Air France flies with fares as low as 39(?46), and British Airways as low as 48(?56) (从巴黎来的单程票价可以低到?49；从伦敦起飞，法航的机票价格低到 39(?46)，英国航空公司的最低水平 48(?56)) ”可知，乘坐飞机往返的最低票价是49+46=95欧元；根据Rail trips中“* Fares begin at a reasonable 58(?68), round trip; (票价以合理的价格开始 58(?68)，往返)”可知，乘火车的话往返最低是68欧元；根据Bus trip中“* One-way Eurolines fares begin at ?15;* One-way OUIBUS fares begin at ?15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare. (Eurolines线路的单程票价从?15起；OUIBUS线路的单程票从?15起，但早起购买可以得到更低票价)”可知，乘汽车，往返票价最低是30欧元，甚至更低。由此可知，往返旅行最便宜的是乘汽车。故选D。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bus trip中“Both lines advertise free Wi-fi. (这两条线路都宣传免费Wi-fi)”可知，汽车旅行的特殊服务就是免费的Wi-fi。故选D。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Air trips中“A very low one-way fare is possible through advanced booking, but of course it’s rare, and that doesn’t include the taxi and rail fares traveling to and from the airports. (通过提前预订可以获得非常低的单程票价，但这当然很少见，这还不包括往返机场的出租车和火车票价) ”、Rail trips中“The earlier you book, the more you save. (你预订得越早，省的钱就越多)”和Bus trip中“One-way OUIBUS fares begin at ?15 too, but early bird sales can even lower the fare. (OUIBUS线路的单程票从?15起，但早购买可以得到更低票价)”可知，这三种旅行方式的共同点是：如果提前预定的话，会便宜点。故选B。
B
Finding a suitable name for a baby is a big deal in China.When picking out a Chinese name,parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name, many of them struggle.That's where Jessup and her company, Special Name,come in. In the last few years, Jessup has helped name 677,900 Chinese babies, and earned over $400,000 in the process, more than enough to pay her college fees.
Jessup came up with the idea for Special Name in 2015,after accompanying her father on a business trip to China.One of her dad's business partners,a Mrs.Wang, asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter.Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture.The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve,so Jessup suggested the name"Eliza"after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion.Mrs.Wang seemed delighted with Jessup's choice."If Mrs.Wang needed this service,maybe other parents would as well,"Jessup thought.
After returning to UK,Jessup borrowed ￡1,500 from her parents and paid a web designer to build a website,She then spent her free time filling up a database(数据库)with around 4,000 English names,associating them with five major personality characteristics,like honesty and optimism.
In the beginning, Jessup offered the service for free to promote the website,but later,she started charging fees.The business is almost completely self-sufficient,requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations.She updates the database each month,allowing her to focus full-time on studies.
4. What's the purpose of Special Name
A. To help Chinese teens go abroad.
B. To strengthen children's personalities.
C. To pick an English name for a Chinese baby.
D. To make a deal with Chinese parents.
5. What inspired Jessup to set up Special Name
A. A suggestion from a business partner. B. Her interest in Chinese culture.
C. A Chinese mother's request. D. A character from a play.
6. What did Mrs.Wang want her daughter to be in the future
A. A woman with achievements. B. A famous actress.
C. A successful businesswoman. D. A western culture expert.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph about Special Name
A. It offers free service. B. It's updated every day.
C. It's operated completely by itself. D. It is easy to manage.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为Special Name的公司专为中国婴儿取一个英文名字。同时说明了公司成立的起因是一位中国母亲的请求，以及公司成立过程和管理情况。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中When picking out a Chinese name, parents usually select two or three characters that have a carefully thought out meaning, but when deciding on an English name, many of them struggle. That's where Jessup and her company, Special Name, come in.（在选择中文名字时，父母通常会选择两个或三个经过仔细思考的汉字，但在决定英文名字时，他们中的许多人都很纠结。这就是杰塞普和她的公司“Special Name”的由来。）可知Special Name的目的是给一个中国婴儿取一个英文名字。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中One of her dad's business partners, a Mrs. Wang, asked her to help choose an English name for her daughter. Jessup felt honored and quickly realized the importance of choosing a proper name in Chinese culture.（她爸爸的一位生意伙伴王女士让她帮女儿选一个英文名字。Jessup感到很荣幸，并很快意识到在中国文化中选择一个合适名字的重要性。）可知一位中国母亲的要求促使Jessup设立了Special Name。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The woman wanted people to be surprised by the things her daughter could achieve, so Jessup suggested the name "Eliza" after the character Eliza Doolittle from the play Pygmalion.（这个女人想让人们对她女儿的成就感到惊讶，所以Jessup建议用《皮格马利翁》(Pygmalion)中的人物伊丽莎·杜利特尔(Eliza Doolittle)来命名“伊丽莎”(Eliza)。）可知王太太希望她的女儿将来成为一个有成就的女人。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中The business is almost completely self-sufficient, requiring only a small team in China that manages technical operations.（该业务几乎完全自给自足，只需要一个在中国管理技术运营的小团队。）可知从最后一段中我们可以推断出Special Name很容易管理。故选D。
C
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area. Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can cause very deadly results. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.
8. Why was the system developed
A. To keep track of lightning deaths.
B. To meet people’s curiosity about lightning.
C. To protect people from lightning strikes.
D. To take advantage of the energy of lightning.
9. What is special about the system
A. It collects data samples from around the world.
B. It involves the use of a machine learning algorithm.
C. It was test-run several times before being put into use.
D. Its success owes greatly to a European effort.
10. What will the researchers do in the next stage
A. Prevent the formation of lightning. B. Get lightning striking under control.
C. Inspire the study of a laser technology. D. Raise the accuracy of lightning prediction.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A system of Controlling Lightning B. A Theory of Employing Lightning
C. A Method of Forecasting Lightning D. A Model of Creating Lightning
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.(科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电发生的时间和地点的系统。研究人员报告说，该系统能够在30公里范围内的雷击发生前30分钟预测到雷击。)”和“European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.(欧洲研究人员估计，全球每年有6000到24000人死于闪电。由于这个原因，气候科学家长期以来一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。)”可知，开发这个闪电预测系统是为了保护人们免受雷击。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. (该模型是根据12个瑞士气象站在城市和山区收集的12年数据建立的.这些数据与气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速四个主要表面条件有关，被放入一种独特的机器学习算法中，并将其与雷击记录进行比较。)”可知，这个系统的特别之处是它采用了独特的机器学习算法。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. (参与该项目的科学家们正在试验一种激光技术，该技术有朝一日可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。)”可推知，研究人员在下一阶段要做的是控制雷电。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. (科学家们说，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。文章的最佳标题是“一种雷电预报方法”。故选C。
D
To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth, sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to"save the bees", raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, theyare probably doing more harm than good.
“Beekeeping is for people; it's not a conservation practice, "says Shelly Smith, an environmental science professor. People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong.”
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people’s attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist's point of view, native bees are the ones in more need of support.
“To make matters worse, beekeeping companies and various non-science-based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations, "Smith explains. "These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations.”
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food,putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition—that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
12. Which statement does the writer argue for
A. Honey bees endanger native bees.
B. Honey bees are a symbol of wealth.
C. Honey bees are important for agriculture.
D. Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems.
13. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Beekeeping is a still-popular traditional hobby.
B. The media is responsible for misleading the public.
C. Citizens’ attempts to protect the environment are effective.
D. The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses.
14. What surprised Shelly Smith's team
A. Beekeeping companies' making great profits.
B. The quick expansion of bee-friendly habitats.
C. The public's ignorance of bee varieties and roles.
D. Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees.
15. How does the writer develop the last paragraph
A. By listing examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing survey data. D. By explaining cause and effect.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了如今养蜂在美国人中非常流行,但研究表明,对蜜蜂的错误热情很可能对野生蜜蜂造成损害。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.( 但是作为一个物种，蜜蜂是最不需要拯救的。媒体的关注不成比例地覆盖了它们，而忽略了本地传粉者，而且含糊不清的信息让许多市民(包括我自己在内)相信，戴上养蜂人的面纱是在为环境做好事。不幸的是，它们可能弊大于利。)”以及第三段的“People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong.( 人们错误地认为饲养蜜蜂或帮助蜜蜂是在某种程度上帮助本土蜜蜂，因为它们面临灭绝的危险。那是错误的)”可推断，作者认为蜜蜂不需要拯救，这样反而忽略了本土蜜蜂，并不会帮助本土蜜蜂，因此推断养蜂会危及本地蜜蜂。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens—myself once included—to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, theyare probably doing more harm than good.( 媒体的关注不成比例地覆盖了它们，而忽略了本地传粉者，而且含糊不清的信息让许多市民(包括我自己在内)相信，戴上养蜂人的面纱是在为环境做好事。不幸的是，它们可能弊大于利。)”可推断，媒体应该为误导公众负责任。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth.(史密斯和她的研究团队最近调查了1000名加拿大当地人，发现他们对蜜蜂类型和它们在促进花朵生长中的作用的了解非常少)”可知，史密斯团队对公众对蜜蜂的种类和作用的无知感到吃惊。故选C。
15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition—that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.( 蜜蜂的引入加剧了与本土蜜蜂争夺食物的竞争，给已经在减少的野生物种带来了更大的压力。蜜蜂是非常高效的食物采集者，它们几乎占据了当地所有的花资源，从而导致了破坏性的竞争，也就是说，一个物种用光了一种资源，没有留下足够的资源供其他物种使用。)”可推断，作者通过分析因果关系解释了引进的蜜蜂与本土蜜蜂之间的竞争。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the difference between happy people and unhappy people ____16____ Read the following list of things that HAPPY people do differently from UNHAPPY people and you will know.
Well, I can tell you for sure that those people who are really happy, FEAR less and LOVE a lot more. They see each moment, each challenge, each person as an opportunity to discover more about themselves and the world around them___17___
Happy people understand that you can’t really change a situation by resisting（反抗）it. But they can feel better by understanding that there might be a reason for its existence（存在）. _______18_______ But rather, they ask themselves questions like: What can I learn from this How can I make this better They always seem to be pleasant and hopeful no matter what happens to them.
They do the things they do because of the meaning it brings into their lives and because they get a sense of purpose by doing so.
______19______ They care more about living a life full of meaning rather than, what in our modern society we would call, living a successful life. The fact here is that most of the time they get both, success and meaning, just because they choose to focus on doing the things they love the most.
______20______ They make sure that their actions bring meaning and happiness in the lives of many. They look for ways to give and to share the best of themselves with the world and to make other people happy.
A. They have an ideal living and a balanced life.
B. What are the things that these people do differently
C. They are kind to themselves and others and they understand the power of love.
D. The things happy people do are not for themselves, but for the good of others.
E. They are ready to embrace whatever lies in front of them.
F. They understand that “Doing what you love is the most important for living a full life”.
G. When something unpleasant happens to them, they don’t try to fight it, knowing that this will make the situation even worse.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【分析】快乐的人和不快乐的人之间的区别是什么？快乐的人和不快乐的人做的事情有何区别？
【16题详解】
由前一句的疑问及后面的you will know可知，此处应该是接着的另一个问题。 故用What are the things that these people do differently 故选B。
【17题详解】
本段是关于对外界事情快乐的人热爱多于恐惧，因此不管面对他们的是什么，他们都积极地面对。故用They are ready to embrace whatever lies in front of them. 故选E。
【18题详解】
快乐的人知道外在环境不一定会因为反抗就发生改变，因此当不愉快的事情发生时，他们不是与之抗争。故用When something unpleasant happens to them, they don’t try to fight it, knowing that this will make the situation even worse. 故选G。
【19题详解】
快乐的人做事情不是为了野心，钱或我们所谓的成功，而是因为自己真正的爱好，因此做自己真正喜欢的才是生活的意义所在。故用They understand that “Doing what you love is the most important for living a full life”. 故选F。
【20题详解】
根据下文可知，快乐的人确保他们的行为能给别人的生活带来快乐和意义，因此推断他们做的事情是为了他人而不是自己。故用The things happy people do are not for themselves, but for the good of others. 故选D。
第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When our three kids were young, we had days that went on for life times, As I watched my husband Crag leave every morning, I felt ___21___ to have so much time alone with my babies. When Craig ___22___ each evening, he would smile and ask, “So! How was your day ”
This question showed the ___23___ between his experience of a “day” and mine. How was my day I ___24___ Craig as the kids screamed loudly around. Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and the toys littering the floor.
I wanted to say, “Today has been a ___25___ There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I might ___26___. I was both lonely and ___27___ to be alone.” But busy with so much housework, I was too tired to ___28___. So I just said, “Fine.” But I felt sad because ___29___ is about being seen and known.
So we decided to ____30____ help. We learned from the counselor（咨询师） that love is ____31____ and we shouldn't ask the same empty questions like: “How was your day ” ____32____ , we can ask questions like: When did you feel loved or lonely today A ____33____ question is a key that will unlock a room inside the person you love.
Questions are like gifts. It's the ____34____ behind them that the receiver feels. The more ____35____ you give to your questions, the more beautiful the answers become.
21. A. relaxed B. scared C. excited D. surprised
22. A. called B. awoke C. returned D. withdrew
23. A. combination B. gap C. wrestle D. linked
24. A. stared at B. broke with C. lied to D. drove away
25. A. miracle B. flash C. lifetime D. discovery
26. A. jump B. regret C. hesitate D. explode
27. A. optimistic B. desperate C. secure D. thankful
28. A. move B. listen C. quarrel D. answer
29. A. love B. respect C. trust D. help
30. A. offer B. receive C. refuse D. seek
31. A. specific B. precious C. fundamental D. plain
32. A. However B. Instead C. Consequently D. Besides
33. A. caring B. curious C. pointed D. direct
34. A. secret B. response C. thought D. inspiration
35. A. clue B. explanations C. support D. attention
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了面对生活中的鸡毛蒜皮，如何通过更好地问问题进行关心你爱的人。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多时间和我的宝贝们呆在一起，我感到很害怕。A. relaxed感到放松的；B. scared害怕的；C. excited激动的；D. surprised感到惊讶的。根据第8空的“I was too tired to”（我累到不想）可知，独自应对一切是可怕的，故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的丈夫每晚回来的时候，他会笑着问我，“那么，今天过得怎么样呢？”。A. called呼叫；B. awoke唤醒；C. returned返回；D. withdrew撤销。根据前文“Craig leave every morning”（Craig每天早上离开）以及本句时间状语“每天晚上”可知，此时丈夫回家了，故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题表明了他的一天与我的一天的体验之间的代沟。A. combination结合；B. gap缺口，代沟；C. wrestle摔跤；D. linked联系。根据语境可知，此处指的是妻子和丈夫度过了完全不一样的一天，有差别，造成沟通的代沟，故选B项。
24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当孩子随意大声尖叫时，我盯着他看。A. stared at盯着；B. broke with脱离；C. lied to位于……方向；D. drove away开走。根据后句“Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and the toys littering the floor.”（然后我低头看向我肮脏的衬衫和满地的玩具）可知，她的视角发生了变化，由盯着丈夫看转向看地板，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天像是度过了一辈子那么长。A. miracle奇迹；B. flash动画，闪现；C. lifetime一生；D. discovery发现。根据后句“There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I might”（有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸）可知，此处运用了夸张，因为痛苦而觉得一天无比漫长，故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸。A. jump跳跃；B. regret后悔；C. hesitate犹豫；D. explode爆发。根据后句“I was both lonely and ___7__ to be alone.”（我既感到孤独又很渴望独处）可知，我渴望独处，因为受不了糟心的一切，绝望到爆炸的感觉，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我既感到孤独又很渴望独处。A. optimistic积极的；B. desperate绝望的；C. secure安全的；D. thankful感恩的。根据本句“I was both lonely and ___7__ to be alone.”（我既感到孤独又很___7__独处）可知，此处指两种相反的心境，既孤独又渴望独处，be desperate to do “渴望做”，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙着做家务，我累到不想回答。A. move移动；B. listen听；C. quarrel吵架；D. answer回答。根据后句“I just said”（我只说了）可知，我不想多说，只回答了一句，我不太想回答他的问题，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：还好，但是我感觉难过因为爱是关于被看见和被了解。A. love爱；B. respect尊敬；C. trust信任；D. help帮助。根据12空“we can ask questions like: When did you feel loved or lonely today ”（相反，我们可以问这样的问题像：你今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？）可知，此处指的是爱，故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此我们决定寻求帮助。A. offer主动提供；B. receive收到；C. refuse拒绝；D. seek寻找。根据后句“We learned from the counselor（咨询师）”（我们从咨询师那里了解到爱是具体的）可知，我们向咨询师寻求帮助，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们从咨询师那里了解到爱是具体的，我们不应该问同一个空洞的问题像“你今天过得怎么样 ”。A. specific具体的；B. precious珍贵的；C. fundamental至关重要的；D. plain普通的。根据本句“empty”（空洞）可知，此处应选择与之语意相对的词，specific“具体的”符合题意，故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们可以问这样的问题像：你今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？。A. However然而；B. Instead反而；C. Consequently结果；D. Besides此外。根据前句“We learned from the counselor（咨询师） that love is __11_ and we shouldn't ask the same empty questions”（我们从咨询师那里了解到爱是具体的，我们不应该问同一个空洞的问题）可知，前句指我们不应该怎么做，本句指我们应该怎么做，与之相反的动作，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个关心的问题是解锁你爱的人的心门的钥匙。A. caring关心人的；B. curious好奇的；C. pointed指出的；D. direct直接的。根据前句“When did you feel loved or lonely today ”（你今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？）可知，这样的问题体现了关心，故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：接收者感受到的是问题背后的用意。A. secret秘密；B. response反应；C. thought想法，用意；D. inspiration灵感。根据前句“Questions are like gifts”（问题就像送礼）可知，送礼看的是心意，问问题也是如此，故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你对问题的关注越多，你的问题就越美好。A. clue线索；B. explanations解释；C. support支持；D. attention注意。根据14题可知，心意最重要，心意即是你所投入的关注度和重视程度，故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know that forgiving yourself and others can bring you peace of mind. Recently, a new study published in the journal Psychology and Health______36______ (find) that forgiveness may help you sleep well, too. Researchers led by Luther College psychology professor Loren Toussaint ______37______ (survey) nearly 1,500 American adults to rate (评估) how likely they were to forgive both themselves for their own mistakes and others for hurting them. Then, Toussaint and his team asked the participants quite a few ______38______ (question) over their sleep quality, life ______39______ (satisfy), and overall physical health. Their findings show that people who were forgiving slept much ______40______ (well) at night, and, in turn, were happier and healthier than ______41______ who went to bed in anger.
The results led the researchers ______42______ (conclude) that forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness may help create a restful mental state that supports sound sleep, ______43______ is connected with better health. Of course, forgiving yourself or someone else isn’t always easy. According to Karen Swartz, a doctor of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, it is about more than just saying the words.
“It is an active process in which you make a decision to let go of negative feelings ______44______ the person deserves it or not,” Swartz explains.
So, next time you can’t sleep at night, why not give forgiveness______45______ try It’s certain that it can make you feel better the next day.
【答案】36. has found
37. surveyed
38. questions
39. satisfaction
40. better 41. those
42. to conclude
43. which 44. whether
45. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述最近，发表在《心理学与健康》杂志上的一项新研究发现，宽恕也可以帮助你睡得好。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：最近，发表在《心理学与健康》杂志上的一项新研究发现，宽恕也可以帮助你睡得好。分析句子可知，这里应填谓语动词， a new study和find为主动关系，再由Recently可知，这里应用现在完成时。故填has found。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：路德学院心理学教授洛伦·杜桑桑领导的研究人员对近1500名美国成年人进行了调查，以评估他们原谅自己错误和他人伤害自己的可能性。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，Researchers与surveyed为主动关系，且这里时态也应用一般过去时，与后文保持一致。故填surveyed。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：然后，杜桑和他的团队就参与者的睡眠质量、生活满意度和整体身体健康问题向他们提出了很多问题。由a few可知，这里应用名词复数作宾语。故填questions。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后，杜桑和他的团队就参与者的睡眠质量、生活满意度和整体身体健康问题向他们提出了很多问题。分析句子可知，这里应填名词，与前面quality以及后文health为并列关系，作介词后宾语，且satisfaction表“满意”，为不可数名词。故填satisfaction。
【40题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：他们的研究结果表明，宽容的人晚上睡得更好，反过来，他们也比那些愤怒地上床睡觉的人更快乐、更健康。由下文than 可知，这里应用副词比较级。故填better。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们的研究结果表明，宽容的人晚上睡得更好，反过来，他们也比那些愤怒地上床睡觉的人更快乐、更健康。分析句子可知，这里指代前面已经提及的人们，所以应用代词those。故填those。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：研究结果使研究人员得出结论，宽恕他人和自我宽恕可能有助于创造一种宁静的精神状态，支持良好的睡眠，这与更好的健康有关。分析句子可知，这里考查lead sb to do，表“引导某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to conclude。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果使研究人员得出结论，宽恕他人和自我宽恕可能有助于创造一种宁静的精神状态，支持良好的睡眠，这与更好的健康有关。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词sound sleep，为物，在从句中作主语。故填which。
【44题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这是一个积极的过程，在这个过程中，无论对方是否值得，你都会决定放下负面情绪。分析句子可知，这里考查让步状语从句，whether...or not为固定搭配，表“是否”，符合句意。故填whether。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：所以，下次你晚上睡不着的时候，为什么不试试原谅呢？分析句子可知，这里考查give sth a try，表“尝试一下某事”，为常用搭配。故填a。
第三节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46. The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of c_____ . (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】curiosity##uriosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这封信不是写给我的，但我出于好奇打开了它。根据句意和空格前的out of以及所给首字母可知，此处考查固定短语out of curiosity (出于好奇)，名词curiosity作宾语。故填curiosity。
47. We are c____________ to the project heart and soul. We wouldn’t be here otherwise. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】committed##ommitted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们全心全意地致力于这个项目。否则我们不会在这里。be committed to sth.“致力于某事”，固定短语，故填committed，
48. Many things left by the ancient Egyptians in tombs ave been brought to l____________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】light##ight
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：古埃及人在坟墓里留下的许多东西都被曝光了。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填light，表“光”，为不可数名词，在本句中作介词后宾语。故填light。
49. The local peasants are worried about the a____________(准确) of government statistics. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】accuracy##ccuracy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当地农民担心政府统计数据的准确性。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“准确”应用accuracy，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填accuracy。
50. The factor that d____________ (to be a characteristic that makes something or someone different or special) this company from the competition is customer service. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】distinguishes##istinguishes
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：这家公司区别于竞争对手的因素是客户服务。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填distinguish，表“区分”，为动词，在从句中作主语，that指代The factor，与distinguish为主动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时，和后面保持一致。故填distinguishes。
51. They e____________ (to experience something especially problems) serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】encountered##ncountered
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当探险队的两名成员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。根据首字母，英文提示to experience something especially problems和句意可知，此空应填encounter，表“遇见”，为动词，在本句中作谓语，They和encounter为主动关系，且这里时态应与后文保持一致，用一般过去时。故填encountered。
52. We need to f____________ ourselves with the new environment when we move to a new place. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】fit##it
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当我们搬到一个新的地方时，我们需要适应新的环境。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填fit，表“适应”，为动词，而need to do表“需要做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此空应填动词原形，与前面to构成不定式作宾语。故填fit。
53. If you don’t work hard now, you will have difficulty e____________ yourself to a pension after retirement. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】entitling##ntitling
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你现在不努力工作，你将很难在退休后获得养老金。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填entitle，表“使享有权利”，为动词，且这里考查have difficulty (in) doing sth，表“做某事有困难”，为固定句型。故填entitling。
54. He is to b____________ for the accident because he drove on the wrong way. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】blame##lame
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他应该为这次事故负责，因为他开错了路。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填blame，表“责备”，为动词。而be to blame for表“对……应负责任”，为固定搭配。故填blame。
55. In judging the delay, we must make a____________ for the extremely bad weather. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】allowance##llowance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在判断延误时，我们必须考虑到极端恶劣的天气。根据首字母和句意可知，此空应填allowance，为名词，而make allowance for表“考虑到”，为固定搭配。故填allowance。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
56. 你校上周举办了帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖 ( online charity sale) 活动，请你为学校英文校报写一篇活动报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程：网上展示和销售闲置物品等；
3. 活动意义和参与者感受。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
An online charity sale was held in our school last week. This activity was aimed at enhancing students’ sense of social responsibility and helping the left-behind children in the poverty-hit area. More than 3,000 people in total, including students, teachers and parents, took an active part in it. The participants displayed and sold the idle items online. All the money they earned will be donated to those poor children as their tuition fees. The event has achieved a big hit. On the website’s comment board, some participants said that they benefited enormously from the event and some expressed their hope that more illuminating activities like this could be held in the future.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学校上周举办的帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖活动写一篇活动报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目的是：be aimed at=be intended to
提高：enhance→increase
参加：take part in=participate in
获得：achieve→gain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：An online charity sale was held in our school last week. This activity was aimed at enhancing students’ sense of social responsibility and helping the left-behind children in the poverty-hit area.
拓展句：An online charity sale was held in our school last week., which was aimed at enhancing students’ sense of social responsibility and helping the left-behind children in the poverty-hit area.
【点睛】[高分句型1]All the money they earned will be donated to those poor children as their tuition fees. (运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] On the website’s comment board, some participants said that they benefited enormously from the event and some expressed their hope that more illuminating activities like this could be held in the future. (运用了that引导宾语从句和that引导同位语从句)
第二节 （满分25分）
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Birthdays are typically the occasions for delight and feasting. Family and friends get together on the occasion and convey their regards with the beautiful presents they bring with themselves. I am personally a big fan of birthdays and wait for my birthday approximately a month prior to the day.
This year, my birthday came off on last Monday. I didn’t know that my parents had arranged a special party for me. At eight o’clock in the evening of my lucky birthday, I was alone at home complaining and frowning, and pitying myself for my misfortune. I thought it was going to be a special day filled with presents and fun, but all I received was a “Happy Birthday”.
All of a sudden, the electricity was cut off and there was a complete darkness in the house. I couldn’t do anything. Therefore, I decided to go to sleep and end this unlucky day.
Out of the blue in that quiet night, I heard a sudden noise coming from downstairs. Startled and terribly shocked, I suspected that someone broke into the house. Immediately, I tried to phone my parents, but no one answered.
After a couple of minutes of fear, I started to calm down. Although in the meantime I heard more noises of people talking, I summoned up some courage and started heading for the basement. As I slowly drew closer to the basement, I guessed there were more than one person, but I found it hard to believe. There couldn’t be a lot of people in our basement!
Courageously, I opened the door of the basement. There was a complete darkness. There wasn’t a single noise. However, as I approached, I heard some laughter and confirmed that there were people. Suddenly, the lights were on and there stood my parents and friends cheering at me with the beautiful presents they had carefully prepared for me.It was a surprise party! The room was beautifully decorated with colorful balloons. Tables and chairs were laid and covered with white and contrasting red sheets. A gigantic birthday cake was positioned on the innermost table.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1: Now everything was ready and the party was set in motion.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The party was over and the guests began to head off.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Now everything was ready and the party was set in motion. Surrounded by the guests, I made a wish and with all the strength blew the candles. The instant they extinguished, the guests gave a round of applause and started screaming with joy. It was clearly visible that they were having great fun and were as excited as I was. I cut the cake and heard everyone singing in a chorus “Happy birthday to you”. The next few hours we danced together happily. That day, we clicked many pictures and indeed I created a lot of memories.
The party was over and the guests began to head off. My parents expressed the gratitude for their visit. I dashed into my room to take stock of the presents I had received. I counted them all and established that I had received a number of precious things which were of huge use to me. I was deadly tired by now. The day was about to come to an end. Still bathed in afterglow of the surprise party, I sat in my room and started dreaming for my next birthday and a new get-together with family and friends.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者的家人和朋友为他准备了一场惊喜的生日派对。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“现在一切都准备好了，派对开始了。”可知，第一段可描写生日派对的具体情况。
②由第二段首句内容“派对结束了，客人们都走了。”可知，第二段可描写客人们离开之后的情况。
2.续写线索：派对开始——被客人们围着——许愿——吹蜡烛——鼓掌——切蛋糕——跳舞——照相——玩的很高兴——客人离开——去看礼物——期待下一个生日聚会
3.词汇激活行为类
①熄灭：extinguish/put out
②猛冲：dash/rush quickly
③表达感谢：express the gratitude/show one’s thanks
情感类
①兴奋的：excited/thrilled
②筋疲力尽的：tired/exhausted
【点睛】【高分句型1】The instant they extinguished, the guests gave a round of applause and started screaming with joy.(由The instant引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】It was clearly visible that they were having great fun and were as excited as I was.(由that引导的主语从句)
【高分句型3】I dashed into my room to take stock of the presents I had received.(由省略连词that/which的定语从句)
【高分句型4】I counted them all and established that I had received a number of precious things which were of huge use to me.(由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句)
