2022级高二第一学期期末考试
英语试卷
本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thanksgiving is almost here, which means many families are getting ready to enjoy a tradition that goes back hundreds of years: baking and eating delicious pie. Two classic desserts will battle it out at holiday tables. Is pumpkin pie better than apple pie
Yes—pumpkin is perfect
Three reasons why pumpkin pie is better than apple pie
1. As one of America’s first crops, pumpkin has become fall’s signature flavor since the early 18th century. Even 300 years ago, Americans knew it was the best pie.
2. With its warm comforting mix of cinnamon (肉桂), nutmeg (豆蔻), and other spices, delicious pumpkin pie gives you perfect bites that melt in your mouth, which simply can’t be beaten.
3. As a bonus, pumpkins are packed full of vitamins and nutrients that are good for your body. So cut a perfectly shaped slice of pumpkin goodness and dig in.
No—apple pie all the way
Three reasons why pumpkin pie is not better than apple pie
1. Apple pie is just about as old as our country and even appeared in America’s first cookbook. Have you heard the expression “It’s as American as apple pie” No one says that about pumpkin pie!
2. There are countless variations on the classic, with different spices and flavorings, dried fruits and nuts, and different crusts (酥皮). Apple pie is the clear winner for people who love the balance of fruit and buttery pie crust.
3. To quote another expression, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” That means apples are nutritious and help keep us healthy.
Now that you’ve read a bit more about this issue, click here to vote in our debate. Vote YES if you think pumpkin pie is better than apple pie or NO if you don’t. We’ll publish the results next week.
1. What do pumpkin pie and apple pie have in common
a. They are full of nutrients.
b. They have similar flavor.
c. They have deep roots in America.
A. ab. B. bc. C. ac. D. abc.
2. Where can the text be found
A. On a menu. B. On a website. C. In a magazine. D. In a cookbook.
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To invite readers to vote in a debate.
B. To distinguish pumpkin pie from apple pie.
C. To advertise pumpkin pie is better than apple pie.
D To encourage baking and eating pie at Thanksgiving.
B
Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层) physics for the past half century, passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94.
Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”, a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. But, there were no errors in his study or his calculations, and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students, thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. His son Eric said, “My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death, they traveled to Lund, Sweden, to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
4. What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B. The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.
C. Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D. NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
5. Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A. It went against the popular opinion at that time.
B. Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
C. The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D. Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
6. What did Parker suggest young researchers do
A. seek close cooperation B. avoid high expectations
C. learn by trial and error D. compete against others
7. What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A. straightforward and generous B. responsible and accessible
C. intelligent yet conservative D. distinguished yet modest
C
According to body language expert Robert Phipps, the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have. Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
Phipps found that worriers, those who stress the most, tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的)position. He found that this is the most common bedtime position, with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down. The more we curl up(蜷曲), the more comfort we are seeking, according to Phipps.
The second most common position is the log. Sleeping with a straight body, with arms at each side, as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace, indicates stubbornness, and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.
“The longer you sleep like this, the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible, which means you make things harder for yourself,” according to Phipps.
Yearner(向往型)sleepers are next on the list. About 25 percent of people sleep in this style—on their side with arms stretched out in front, looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics, always expecting the best results, explained Phipps. These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.
Perhaps the most peculiar(奇怪的)of sleep styles is the freefaller position. This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population. They sleep face down with arms stretched out. These people, according to Phipps, feel like they have little control over their life. Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles, but also the least comfortable, and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.
In conclusion Phipps has only one more thing to add: “A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”
8. What is the main idea of the passage
A. A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day.
B. Your personality depends a lot on how you sleep at night.
C. How you sleep at night affects what you do the next day.
D. Which sleeping position helps you sleep comfortably.
9. Which of the following pictures is the fetal position
A. B.
C. D.
10. The underlined word “rigid” is closest in meaning to “________”．
A. stubborn B. flexible C. comfortable D. strange
11. Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection
A. The fetal position. B. The log position.
C. The freefaller position. D. The yearner position.
D
Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!
Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich
The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers.
12. The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.
A. alternatives B. people
C. products D. reasons
13. The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_______.
A. their deep concern for the environment
B. their worry that farm animals were poorly treated
C. the over-consumption of the dairy-based products
D. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.
B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.
C. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.
D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow’s milk.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Healthier Cheese
B. New Milk Saves Planet
C. Fresher Milk, Better Future
D. Making Milk without Cows
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A last-minute vacation can be a wonderful surprise and an escape from the ordinary. It normally takes a weekend or a few days. You might think that a last-minute vacation will cost a ton of money.____16____
If you decide to take a last-minute vacation to an area you visit frequently, call your usual accommodations and see if they offer a favorable price to repeat customers. If you have met the manager on your earlier trips, ask to speak to him and explain your situation.____17____So it’s possible for you to get a great deal.
Some hotels will often have rooms that they cannot fill.____18____Talk carefully, and you may be able to persuade them into giving you a discount.
____19____Save on transportation costs to a destination nearby. Visit a town you’ve never been to before or stay a few nights in a city that you only go to for day trips. Local escapes can be just as relaxing as flying to Hawaii for the weekend, and will probably give you more time at your destination.
Teenagers are often excited about the chance to get out of their parents’ house for a weekend. So contact any young cousin you can trust in the house while you are on vacation.____20____You just need to leave him or her easy instructions and some food in the fridge.
A. He or she can be asked to feed the pets.
B. So prepare for a little unexpectedness and relax.
C. Many small hotels and inns appreciate regular customers.
D. For them, making some money is better than making none at all.
E. Actually, you may be able to save a few dollars if you plan smart.
F. A last-minute vacation doesn’t have to be thousands of miles away.
G. The key to a great last-minute vacation is a refusal to stress details.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek (徒步旅行) across Greenland last year. She hopes to ___21___an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself. The 700-mile journey will take about 45 days. She will face the ___22___cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she ___23___.
Preet Chandi ___24___it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared after years of ___25___. In recent weeks she has been ___26___ tyres around the streets near her home. She has received a number of curious questions from ___27___. “If you come from a community that is not involved in ___28___ at all, it can be really hard,” she said, adding that a number of people thought she was to ___29___for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole. “It’s just beyond their ___30___.”
In the south pole, one may ___31___ nothing in front for days except snow. It is quite a mental ___32___. Thus, her partner has left messages inside her tent, while friends have ___33___voice notes for her to listen to on the journey.
When she returns, she plans to put aside some money to ___34___ more women to try outdoor adventures. She is pleased to see change in what has ___35___ been a male-dominated area. What an inspiring woman!
21. A. abandon B. sponsor C. complete D. introduce
22. A. bare B. bitter C. bearable D. breathless
23. A. settles down B. checks out C. sets off D. turns up
24. A. admits B. denies C. hopes D. prays
25. A. working B. adjustment C. struggle D. training
26. A. lifting B. dragging C. rolling D. pushing
27. A. passers-by B. explorers C. visitors D. cyclists
28. A. activities B. adventures C. competitions D. sports
29. A. push B. run C. head D. look
30. A. control B. ability C. reach D. knowledge
31. A. touch B. feel C. see D. smell
32. A. challenge B. trouble C. dilemma D. success
33. A. played B. recorded C. presented D. taken
34. A. urge B. persuade C. command D. fund
35. A. extremely B. incredibly C. temporarily D. typically
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Peter S nger and Liang Wu got together, it ___36___ (strike) them that they must be long-lost friends. Both firmly advocate the fight ___37___ air pollution. They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it. That’s ___38___ they founded Green City Solutions, the solution to quantifiably improve city air.
Their invention, the CityTree, acts as an air purifier, an interesting ___39___ (add) to urban trees and green spaces. Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” ___40___ (dot) around cities across Europe, while the “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians. S nger and Wu’s vision is for a world in which people in cities can live ___41___(healthy). They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air ___42___ (breathe).
The CityTree combines ___43___ air-purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”. This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal, and the amount they purify can be increased ___44___ (depend) on pollution levels at different times of day.
The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the European Commission. A CityTree network of 15 brand new units will be set up and tested in a ___45___ (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hotspots next year.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，下周你市将开办中国国画展，请给你校国际留学生John写一封邮件，邀请他一同前往参观。内容包括：
1.展览的时间和地点；
2.展览的相关活动。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Ada! Milk!” Mama called.
Milk. It was Ada’s turn to get it. Ada sighed and shut her first-aid book. Her head hurt from reading in the dim morning light, but how else was she going to learn
Ada tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Ada heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks I’m too young, but she’s wrong. I am already 16!” Ada thought.
Ada carried the milk back to Mama, then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, had gotten a donkey, and some kids had gathered around to see it. Roy was always doing something to get attention. Like now: he was trying to stand on the animal’s bare back.
“No wonder they don’t trust kids with anything important”, Ada thought, sighing. She had just turned away when she heard a thud and a few screams. Roy lay on the ground nearby moaning in pain. The donkey stood several meters away. “Roy!” The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Ada shook her head. “Betty’s gone to the city.” The other kids seemed frozen in place.
Ada ran to where Roy was lying. She dropped to her knees on the dusty road. “Roy! Can you hear me ” Roy moaned in agony. Ada saw that one of his legs was crooked, bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle. A broken leg!
She remembered what the first-aid book had said about broken legs: if there is no ambulance, straighten the bone before moving the victim. There certainly wouldn’t be any ambulance here. Ada looked back up the road. The other kids were still standing there, watching. “Victor!” Ada called to one of the boys. “Go get Roy’s mama, and find someone with a truck.” She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, Betty came to Ada’s home.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022级高二第一学期期末考试
英语试卷
本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thanksgiving is almost here, which means many families are getting ready to enjoy a tradition that goes back hundreds of years: baking and eating delicious pie. Two classic desserts will battle it out at holiday tables. Is pumpkin pie better than apple pie
Yes—pumpkin is perfect
Three reasons why pumpkin pie is better than apple pie
1. As one of America’s first crops, pumpkin has become fall’s signature flavor since the early 18th century. Even 300 years ago, Americans knew it was the best pie.
2. With its warm, comforting mix of cinnamon (肉桂), nutmeg (豆蔻), and other spices, delicious pumpkin pie gives you perfect bites that melt in your mouth, which simply can’t be beaten.
3. As a bonus, pumpkins are packed full of vitamins and nutrients that are good for your body. So cut a perfectly shaped slice of pumpkin goodness and dig in.
No—apple pie all the way
Three reasons why pumpkin pie is not better than apple pie
1. Apple pie is just about as old as our country and even appeared in America’s first cookbook. Have you heard the expression “It’s as American as apple pie” No one says that about pumpkin pie!
2. There are countless variations on the classic, with different spices and flavorings, dried fruits and nuts, and different crusts (酥皮). Apple pie is the clear winner for people who love the balance of fruit and buttery pie crust.
3. To quote another expression, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” That means apples are nutritious and help keep us healthy.
Now that you’ve read a bit more about this issue, click here to vote in our debate. Vote YES if you think pumpkin pie is better than apple pie or NO if you don’t. We’ll publish the results next week.
1. What do pumpkin pie and apple pie have in common
a. They are full of nutrients.
b. They have similar flavor.
c They have deep roots in America.
A. ab. B. bc. C. ac. D. abc.
2. Where can the text be found
A. On a menu. B. On a website. C. In a magazine. D. In a cookbook.
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To invite readers to vote in a debate.
B. To distinguish pumpkin pie from apple pie.
C. To advertise pumpkin pie is better than apple pie.
D. To encourage baking and eating pie at Thanksgiving.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文描述不同民族文化习俗与传统节日。作者主要列出了南瓜派和苹果派的优点，旨在收集读者对于南瓜派和苹果派之争的投票。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Yes—pumpkin is perfect中的“As one of America’s first crops, pumpkin has become fall’s signature flavor since the early 18th century. Even 300 years ago, Americans knew it was the best pie. (作为美国最早的作物之一，南瓜自18世纪初以来就成为秋天的标志性风味。甚至在300年前，美国人就知道这是最好的派。)”和No—apple pie all the way中的“Apple pie is just about as old as our country and even appeared in America’s first cookbook. Have you heard the expression “It’s as American as apple pie” No one says that about pumpkin pie!( 苹果派几乎和我们的国家一样古老，甚至出现在美国的第一本食谱中。你听说过“就像苹果派一样具有美国特色”这句话吗 没人这么说南瓜派!) ”可知两者都有很长的历史。根据Yes—pumpkin is perfect中的“As a bonus, pumpkins are packed full of vitamins and nutrients that are good for your body. (另外，南瓜富含维生素和营养物质，对你的身体有好处。)”和No—apple pie all the way中的 “To quote another expression, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” That means apples are nutritious and help keep us healthy. (引用另一种说法：“一天一苹果，医生远离我。”这意味着苹果营养丰富，有助于我们保持健康。)”可知，两者都营养丰富。根据Yes—pumpkin is perfect中的“With its warm, comforting mix of cinnamon (肉桂), nutmeg (豆蔻), and other spices, delectable pumpkin pie gives you perfect bites that melt in your mouth, which simply can’t be beat.(温暖舒适的肉桂、肉豆蔻和其他香料混合在一起，美味的南瓜派给你入口即化的完美口感，简直是无与伦比的美味。)”和No—apple pie all the way中的“There are countless variations on the classic, with different spices and flavorings, dried fruits and nuts, and different crusts (酥皮). Apple pie is the clear winner for people who love the balance of fruit and buttery pie crust.( 在经典的基础上有无数的变化，不同的香料和调味料，干果和坚果，以及不同的面包皮。对于喜欢水果和黄油派皮平衡的人来说，苹果派无疑是赢家。) ”可知两者口感不一样，南瓜派入口即化，苹果派有不同的酥皮；可知二者富含营养且在美国有着深厚的根基。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you’ve read a bit more about this issue, click here to vote in our debate. (现在你已经阅读了更多关于这个问题的内容，点击这里在我们的辩论中投票。)”可知点击此处可投票，所以这篇文章可能来自网站上，故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you’ve read a bit more about this issue, click here to vote in our debate. Vote YES if you think pumpkin pie is better than apple pie or NO if you don’t. We’ll publish the results next week.(现在你已经阅读了更多关于这个问题的内容，点击这里在我们的辩论中投票。如果你认为南瓜派比苹果派好吃，请投赞成票；如果你不认为南瓜派比苹果派好吃，请投反对票。我们将在下周公布结果。)”可知，作者想要读者对南瓜派和苹果派之争进行投票。故选A项。
B
Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century, passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94.
Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.
Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”, a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. But, there were no errors in his study or his calculations, and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.
That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students, thus urging them to be independent.
Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. His son Eric said, “My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death, they traveled to Lund, Sweden, to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.
4. What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.
B. The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.
C. Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.
D. NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.
5. Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first
A. It went against the popular opinion at that time.
B. Some mistakes were found in his calculations.
C. The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.
D. Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.
6. What did Parker suggest young researchers do
A. seek close cooperation B. avoid high expectations
C. learn by trial and error D. compete against others
7. What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage
A. straightforward and generous B. responsible and accessible
C. intelligent yet conservative D. distinguished yet modest
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. (帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体的影响的认识。)”以及“NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. (美国宇航局甚至表示，“太阳物理学领域的存在在很大程度上要归功于尤金·帕克博士。”)”可知，帕克对整个日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“ When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.(当帕克的研究成果于1958年发表时，他的理论最初遭到了科学界的质疑和嘲笑。)”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. (当时的普遍观点是，行星之间的空间是绝对真空的，因此完全没有任何物质。)”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当时的流行观点。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” (这段经历可能导致了帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议：“如果你做了一些新的或创新的事情，预计会有麻烦。但要批判性地思考，因为如果你错了，你想成为第一个知道这一点的人。”)”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. (被誉为作为太阳物理学领域的梦想家，帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的理解。)”以及根据最后一段中“Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise.( 帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。
C
According to body language expert Robert Phipps, the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have. Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.
Phipps found that worriers, those who stress the most, tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的)position. He found that this is the most common bedtime position, with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down. The more we curl up(蜷曲), the more comfort we are seeking, according to Phipps.
The second most common position is the log. Sleeping with a straight body, with arms at each side, as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace, indicates stubbornness, and these people(the 28 percent who sleep this way)often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.
“The longer you sleep like this, the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible, which means you make things harder for yourself,” according to Phipps.
Yearner(向往型)sleepers are next on the list. About 25 percent of people sleep in this style—on their side with arms stretched out in front, looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics, always expecting the best results, explained Phipps. These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.
Perhaps the most peculiar(奇怪的)of sleep styles is the freefaller position. This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population. They sleep face down with arms stretched out. These people, according to Phipps, feel like they have little control over their life. Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles, but also the least comfortable, and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.
In conclusion, Phipps has only one more thing to add: “A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”
8. What is the main idea of the passage
A. A good night's sleep sets you up for the following day.
B. Your personality depends a lot on how you sleep at night.
C. How you sleep at night affects what you do the next day.
D. Which sleeping position helps you sleep comfortably.
9. Which of the following pictures is the fetal position
A. B.
C. D.
10. The underlined word “rigid” is closest in meaning to “________”．
A. stubborn B. flexible C. comfortable D. strange
11. Which sleeping position indicates that the sleeper tends to seek perfection
A. The fetal position. B. The log position.
C. The freefaller position. D. The yearner position.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肢体语言专家Robert Phipps发现，人们在晚上的睡姿说明了人们的个性特点。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“According to body language expert Robert Phipps, the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have. Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.”(根据肢体语言专家罗伯特·菲普斯的说法，人们晚上睡觉的方式，很大程度上决定了他们的性格类型。菲普斯发现了四种会影响人格的睡姿)，接着文章分别介绍了这四种睡姿的人们具有不同的性格特点。所以，文章的主题是你的性格很大程度上取决于你在晚上的睡姿，与选项B“Your personality depends a lot on how you sleep at night.”(你的个性很大程度上取决于你晚上睡姿)符合，故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Phipps found that worriers, those who stress the most, tend to sleep in the fetal(胎儿的)position. He found that this is the most common bedtime position, with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.”(菲普斯发现，那些压力最大的焦虑者，倾向于像胎儿一样睡觉。他发现这是最常见的就寝姿势，将近58%的人侧睡，膝盖抬起，头低下)可知，胎儿睡姿是侧睡，膝盖抬起，头低下，故选D。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“Sleeping with a straight body, with arms at each side, as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace, indicates stubbornness,”(睡觉时，身体很直，胳膊放在两侧。好像他们正站在那守卫白金汉宫一样，这种睡姿表明他们很固执)以及第四段““The longer you sleep like this, the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible, which means you make things harder for yourself,” according to Phipps.”(菲普斯说：“你这样睡得越久，你的思维就越固执，你就会变得僵化，这意味着你让自己的处境更加艰难。”)可知，这种睡姿表明人们很固执，所以这样睡得越久，思维就会变得越固执，由此可知画横线单词“rigid”表示“僵化的；固执的”与stubborn(固执的)意思最为接近，B. flexible灵活的；C. comfortable舒服的；D. strange奇怪的。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的第三句话“Yearners are typically their own worst critics, always expecting the best results, explained Phipps.”(菲普斯解释说，向往型睡姿是典型的对自己要求严格，总是期待最好的结果)可知，向往型睡姿表明睡眠者倾向追求完美，故选D。
D
Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!
Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich
The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers.
12. The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.
A. alternatives B. people
C. products D. reasons
13. The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_______.
A. their deep concern for the environment
B. their worry that farm animals were poorly treated
C. the over-consumption of the dairy-based products
D. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.
B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.
C Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.
D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow’s milk.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Healthier Cheese
B. New Milk Saves Planet
C. Fresher Milk, Better Future
D. Making Milk without Cows
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一家公司生产出了一种新的牛奶，这种牛奶不需要奶牛。这种新产品不仅味道像真正的牛奶，也更健康，而且对环境友好。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。划线词所在的句子These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability.（这些产品很受因为健康原因不能喝牛奶的消费者的欢迎，也受那些关心动物和环境的可持续性发展的人的欢迎。）所以"those"指的是人，A. alternatives替代品；B. people人；C. products产品；D. reasons原因，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese.可知现在的无乳干酪很难吃的味道激励了这家公司的创始人研发新的产品，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第四段According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water!可知与传统的牛奶相比较而言，新的产品对环境的破坏较小，由此推知，奶牛养殖造成相当大的环境破坏，故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了一家公司生产出了一种新的牛奶，这种牛奶不需要奶牛，故选D。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A last-minute vacation can be a wonderful surprise and an escape from the ordinary. It normally takes a weekend or a few days. You might think that a last-minute vacation will cost a ton of money.____16____
If you decide to take a last-minute vacation to an area you visit frequently, call your usual accommodations and see if they offer a favorable price to repeat customers. If you have met the manager on your earlier trips, ask to speak to him and explain your situation.____17____So it’s possible for you to get a great deal.
Some hotels will often have rooms that they cannot fill.____18____Talk carefully, and you may be able to persuade them into giving you a discount.
____19____Save on transportation costs to a destination nearby. Visit a town you’ve never been to before, or stay a few nights in a city that you only go to for day trips. Local escapes can be just as relaxing as flying to Hawaii for the weekend, and will probably give you more time at your destination.
Teenagers are often excited about the chance to get out of their parents’ house for a weekend. So contact any young cousin you can trust in the house while you are on vacation.____20____You just need to leave him or her easy instructions and some food in the fridge.
A. He or she can be asked to feed the pets.
B. So prepare for a little unexpectedness and relax.
C. Many small hotels and inns appreciate regular customers.
D. For them, making some money is better than making none at all.
E. Actually, you may be able to save a few dollars if you plan smart.
F. A last-minute vacation doesn’t have to be thousands of miles away.
G. The key to a great last-minute vacation is a refusal to stress details.
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何应对临时决定的假期的小攻略。
【16题详解】
根据前文“You might think that a last-minute vacation will cost a ton of money.(你可能会认为临时决定的假期会花很多钱)”及下文介绍的省钱方法可知，设空处与前文存在转折关系，E项“Actually, you may be able to save a few dollars if you plan smart.(事实上，如果你计划得明智，你也许可以省下几美元)”中的“a few dollars”与前文中的“a ton of money”呼应，且句意符合行文逻辑。故选E。
【17题详解】
C项“Many small hotels and inns appreciate regular customers.(许多小旅馆和客栈都喜欢常客)”中的“regular”与前文中“If you decide to take a last-minute vacation to an area you visit frequently, call your usual accommodations and see if they offer a favorable price to repeat customers.(如果你临时决定去一个你经常去的地方度假，打电话给你通常住的地方，看看他们是否为回头客提供优惠的价格)”的“frequently”和“usual”呼应， 且与下文存在因果关系。故选C。
【18题详解】
D项“For them, making some money is better than making none at all.(对他们来说，赚一些钱总比什么都不赚好)”中的“them”指代前文“Some hotels will often have rooms that they cannot fill.(一些酒店通常会有没入住满的房间)”中的“Some hotels”,并且与下文“Talk carefully, and you may be able to persuade them into giving you a discount.(好好谈谈，你也许能说服他们给你打折)”中的“them”呼应，D项在这里承上启下。故选D。
【19题详解】
下文“Save on transportation costs to a destination nearby. (去附近的目的地可以节省交通费用)”可知，本段在说假期不一定要在几千英里之外。可以在附近。F项“A last-minute vacation doesn’t have to be thousands of miles away.(临时决定的假期不一定要在几千英里之外) ”展开叙述的。故选F。
【20题详解】
下文“You just need to leave him or her easy instructions and some food in the fridge.(你只需要给他或她留下简单的说明和放在冰箱里的一些食物)”中的“him or her”与A项 “He or she can be asked to feed the pets.(他或她可以被要求来喂宠物)”中的“He or she”呼应。都是在说明被要求作的事情。故选A。
【点睛】
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek (徒步旅行) across Greenland last year. She hopes to ___21___an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself. The 700-mile journey will take about 45 days. She will face the ___22___cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she ___23___.
Preet Chandi ___24___it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared after years of ___25___. In recent weeks she has been ___26___ tyres around the streets near her home. She has received a number of curious questions from ___27___. “If you come from a community that is not involved in ___28___ at all, it can be really hard,” she said, adding that a number of people thought she was to ___29___for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole. “It’s just beyond their ___30___.”
In the south pole, one may ___31___ nothing in front for days except snow. It is quite a mental ___32___. Thus, her partner has left messages inside her tent, while friends have ___33___voice notes for her to listen to on the journey.
When she returns, she plans to put aside some money to ___34___ more women to try outdoor adventures. She is pleased to see change in what has ___35___ been a male-dominated area. What an inspiring woman!
21. A. abandon B. sponsor C. complete D. introduce
22. A. bare B. bitter C. bearable D. breathless
23. A. settles down B. checks out C. sets off D. turns up
24. A. admits B. denies C. hopes D. prays
25. A. working B. adjustment C. struggle D. training
26. A. lifting B. dragging C. rolling D. pushing
27. A. passers-by B. explorers C. visitors D. cyclists
28. A. activities B. adventures C. competitions D. sports
29. A. push B. run C. head D. look
30. A. control B. ability C. reach D. knowledge
31. A. touch B. feel C. see D. smell
32. A. challenge B. trouble C. dilemma D. success
33. A. played B. recorded C. presented D. taken
34. A. urge B. persuade C. command D. fund
35. A. extremely B. incredibly C. temporarily D. typically
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。Chandi是一名部队理疗师，她希望成为第一位完成一次穿越南极洲到达南极的无支持的个人远足的有色人种女性，以此来激励人们走出舒适区挑战自我。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。A. abandon放弃；B. sponsor赞助；C. complete完成；D. introduce介绍。根据上文“Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek across Greenland last year.(亚洲女性普里特·钱迪去年徒步穿越格陵兰岛回来)”可知，这次她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的徒步旅行，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。A. bare赤裸的；B. bitter痛苦的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. breathless喘不过来气的。根据下文的“cold of -50℃（零下50℃的低温）”可知，这里说的是痛苦的，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. settles down安定下来；B. checks out检查；C. sets off动身，出发；D. turns up出现。根据上文“She will face the__2____cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg（她拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，这里说的是她出发时，故选C项。
24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。A. admits承认；B. denies否定；C. hopes希望；D. prays祈祷。根据下文“But she feels well prepared after years of ____5____（但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备得很好。）”可知，她承认这是个艰难的旅程，所以进行了多年的训练，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备好了。A. working工作；B. adjustment调整；C. struggle斗争；D. training训练。根据上文“Preet Chandi____4____ it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared But she feels well prepared（普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。她觉得自己准备好了）”可知，这里说的是多年的训练后，她觉得自己准备好了，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。A. lifting举起；B. dragging拖拽；C. rolling翻滚；D. pushing推。根据第一段中“She will face the biting cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she ___3____.（她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，她是在为出发时，拖拽雪橇在进行训练，故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从路人那里收到了许多奇怪的问题。A. passers-by路人；B. explorers探险者；C. visitors游客；D. cyclists骑自行车的人。根据上文“In recent weeks she has been ___6___tyres around the streets near her home.（最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。）”可知，在她家附近遇到的应该是过路人，故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“如果你来自一个完全不参与冒险的社区，那就真的很难了。”A. activities活动；B. adventures冒险经历；C. competitions竞争；D. sports运动。根据下文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是来自不参与冒险的社区，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。A. push推；B. run跑；C. head朝……行进；D. look看。根据第一段中“She hopes to __1___ an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself.（他希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。）”可知，这里说的是要朝南极进发，故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超出了他们的知识范围。A. control控制；B. ability能力；C. reach河段；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是超出了他们的知识范围，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。A. touch触摸；B. feel感觉；C. see看；D. smell闻。根据上文“In the south pole,（在南极）”以及下文中的“except snow（除了雪）”可知，这里说的是除了雪什么都看不到，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个相当大的心理挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. trouble麻烦；C. dilemma窘境；D. success成功。根据上文“In the south pole, one may__11____nothing in front for days except snow（在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。）”可知，这里说的是很大的心理挑战，故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她的伴侣在她的帐篷里留言，而朋友们则录制了语音消息，让她在旅途中听。A. played玩；B. recorded录制；C. presented展示；D. taken取走。根据下文“for her to listen to on the journey.（让她在旅途中听）”可知，这里说的是录制了语音消息，故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她回来的时候，她计划存一些钱来资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险。A. urge敦促；B. persuade说服；C. command命令；D. fund为……提供资金。根据上文“When she returns, she plans to put aside some money（当她回来时，她打算存一些钱）”可知，这里说的是资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴看到通常男性占主导地位的领域发生了变化。A. extremely极度地；B. incredibly难以置信地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. typically通常。根据上文的“outdoor adventures（户外冒险）”可知，这是男性通常占主导地位的领域，故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Peter S nger and Liang Wu got together, it ___36___ (strike) them that they must be long-lost friends. Both firmly advocate the fight ___37___ air pollution. They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it. That’s ___38___ they founded Green City Solutions, the solution to quantifiably improve city air.
Their invention, the CityTree, acts as an air purifier, an interesting ___39___ (add) to urban trees and green spaces. Rooted in science, air pollution can be eaten by the vertical flat-paneled (平面的) “trees” ___40___ (dot) around cities across Europe, while the “trees” also act as seats for pedestrians. S nger and Wu’s vision is for a world in which people in cities can live ___41___(healthy). They long to create living conditions that allow all people around the world to permanently have cleaner air ___42___ (breathe).
The CityTree combines ___43___ air-purifying feature of moss with remote technology to increase the air flow through the “trees”. This allows them to “suck up” and clean more air than normal, and the amount they purify can be increased ___44___ (depend) on pollution levels at different times of day.
The German green-tech start-up is now funded by the European Commission. A CityTree network of 15 brand new units will be set up and tested in a ___45___ (science) way in Berlin’s pollution hotspots next year.
【答案】36. struck
37. against
38. why 39. addition
40. dotted 41. healthily
42. to breathe
43. the 44. depending
45. scientific
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Peter S nger和吴亮一起创建了Green City解决方案，来对抗空气污染。他们的发明——城市树——起到了空气净化器的作用，是城市树木和绿地的一个有趣的补充。文章还介绍了他们这一技术的优势，以及得到的资助情况。
36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当彼得S nger和吴亮在一起时，他们突然想到他们一定是久违的朋友。根据got可知，句子为一般过去时，空处缺少谓语，strike对应的过去式为struck。故填struck。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：两人都坚决主张与空气污染作斗争。根据the fight可知，空处缺少介词against，构成短语the fight against…，意思为：对抗……。故填against。
【38题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：这就是为什么他们创立了绿色城市解决方案，以量化的方式改善城市空气。根据前一句They believe that if you can’t measure it, you can’t beat it.可知，前面是后面的原因，此处表示“这就是为什么……”，用句型That’s why…。故填why。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们的发明，城市树，作为空气净化器，是城市树木和绿地的一个有趣的补充。分析句子可知，空处放在an后，与air purifier并列，addition意思为：补充，为名词单数，符合题意。故填addition。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从科学的角度来看，空气污染可以被散布在欧洲城市各处的垂直平板“树”吃掉，而这些“树”也可以作为行人的座位。分析句子可知，空处修饰“trees”作后置定语，trees与dot构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填dotted。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：S nger和吴的愿景是让城市里的人可以健康地生活。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词live，用副词作状语。故填healthily。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们渴望创造一种生活条件，让全世界的人都能永久地呼吸到更清洁的空气。分析句子可知，空处修饰air，表示“呼吸的”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to breathe。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：CityTree将苔藓的空气净化特性与远程技术相结合，以增加通过“树”的空气流量。根据air-purifying feature of moss可知，此处表示特指的特性，用定冠词the。故填the。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得它们可以比平时“吸收”和净化更多的空气，而且它们的净化量可以根据一天中不同时间的污染程度而增加。分析句子可知，空处用非谓语形式作状语，与前面句子的内容是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填depending。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：明年，将在柏林的污染热点地区建立一个由15个全新单元组成的城市树网络，并以科学的方式进行测试。分析句子可知，空处用形容词作定语修饰way，science意思为：科学，形容词为scientific。故填scientific。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，下周你市将开办中国国画展，请给你校国际留学生John写一封邮件，邀请他一同前往参观。内容包括：
1.展览的时间和地点；
2.展览的相关活动。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
How are you doing Knowing that you are curious about the traditional Chinese painting, I’m writing with the greatest pleasure to invite you to attend an exhibition together with me.
As scheduled, the exhibition will be held in our city museum next Saturday, lasting for a month. In this exhibition, we’ll have chances to enjoy some masterpieces from famous Chinese painters of the 20th century. Additionally, there are lectures on some basic drawing skills, with which you are able to paint a simple Chinese painting on your own. I’m wondering if it’s convenient for you to meet at the gate of the museum at 9:00 a.m next Saturday
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，下周你市将开办中国国画展，请给你校国际留学生John写一封邮件，邀请他一同前往参观。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐：pleasure→joy
参加：attend→participate in
举行：hold→host
欣赏：enjoy→admire
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As scheduled, the exhibition will be held in our city museum next Saturday, lasting for a month.
拓展句：As scheduled, the exhibition will be held in our city museum next Saturday, which will last for a month.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are curious about the traditional Chinese painting, I’m writing with the greatest pleasure to invite you to attend an exhibition together with me. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I’m wondering if it’s convenient for you to meet at the gate of the museum at 9:00 a.m next Saturday (运用了if引导宾语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Ada! Milk!” Mama called.
Milk. It was Ada’s turn to get it. Ada sighed and shut her first-aid book. Her head hurt from reading in the dim morning light, but how else was she going to learn
Ada tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Ada heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks I’m too young, but she’s wrong. I am already 16!” Ada thought.
Ada carried the milk back to Mama, then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, had gotten a donkey, and some kids had gathered around to see it. Roy was always doing something to get attention. Like now: he was trying to stand on the animal’s bare back.
“No wonder they don’t trust kids with anything important”, Ada thought, sighing. She had just turned away when she heard a thud and a few screams. Roy lay on the ground nearby moaning in pain. The donkey stood several meters away. “Roy!” The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Ada shook her head. “Betty’s gone to the city.” The other kids seemed frozen in place.
Ada ran to where Roy was lying. She dropped to her knees on the dusty road. “Roy! Can you hear me ” Roy moaned in agony. Ada saw that one of his legs was crooked, bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle. A broken leg!
She remembered what the first-aid book had said about broken legs: if there is no ambulance, straighten the bone before moving the victim. There certainly wouldn’t be any ambulance here. Ada looked back up the road. The other kids were still standing there, watching. “Victor!” Ada called to one of the boys. “Go get Roy’s mama, and find someone with a truck.” She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, Betty came to Ada’s home.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight. She gently explained what she was going to do then carefully wrapped the shirts around Roy’s leg and the stick. Roy cried out in pain. “I know it hurts,” Ada said softly. “But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.” When Ada was done, she looked up and saw Roy’s mama watching from a few meters away. Behind her was a neighbor in a pickup truck. When Ada stepped away, Roy’s mama ran over and held Roy’s face in her hands. “Thank you, Ada,” she said. Ada helped them lift Roy into the truck, then they drove down the hillside towards the hospital.
The next day, Betty came to Ada’s home. “I heard what you did,” Betty said. “You kept your head in an emergency. That’s an important skill.” Ada’s face turned red. “I was afraid ...” Betty shook her head. “It’s OK for a nurse to be afraid, as long as she has a clear head. The volunteer doctors are coming tomorrow with vaccines. We need some more hands. Can you help ” “I’d love to.” Ada replied at once. “Come early, then. There is a lot to learn.” Ada smiled. “I’ll bring my first-aid book.”
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了 Amy 运用自己在急救书上学的知识头脑冷静地救助了一个从马背上摔下来的小男孩的故事，从这个故事中“我们”可以学到：书本上的知识是可以被运用到现实生活中去的。
【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后，Ada找到了一根坚固的棍棒，她将用它来保持他的腿伸直……，所以应该写Ada对Roy进行急救的过程，Roy的妈妈对Ada表示感谢，最后上车前往医院等。第二段开头是：第二天，Betty来到Ada的家。本段应该写Betty对Ada的认可，在志愿者医生来注射疫苗时希望得到Ada的帮助，Ada答应提供帮助等。文章最后指出一个道理——书本上的知识可以被运用到现实生活中。
【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“which，until，when”，也运用了一些高级词汇和表达，如“gently；towards；emergency；afraid；reply；step”以及状语从句“But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.”“When Ada stepped away, Roy’s mama ran over and held Roy’s face in her hands.”等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。
