江苏省南京市第一中学2023-2024学年高二英语10月月考试卷
全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。
A
Great Books Summer Program delivers excellent preparation for seminar-style college classes and the SAT critical thinking section. We are thrilled to announce Summer 2022 On-Campus programs are returning. Enrollment (注册) is open. Make your plans today!
Program 1: Great Books & Writer’s Workshop at Pepperdine University Malibu, CA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs Choose the one-week Seminar and Discussion program. Select Writer’s Workshop for students eager to explore the art of creative writing. Or, stay for both! One-week Tuition: $2695 Two-week Tuition: $5390
Program 2: Great Books & Writer’s Workshop at Amherst College Amherst, MA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs We will be offering Seminar and Discussion programs and a Writer’s Workshop for students eager to explore the art of writing in all forms. One-week Tuition: $2495 Two-week Tuition: $4990
Program 3: Great Books at Stanford University Stanford, CA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs Young people gather to experience reading and life at Stanford University. Join us for one week or two of Great Books Seminar and Discussion programs! One-week Tuition: $2995 Two-week Tuition: $5990
Program 4: A Tall Ship Adventure For Rising Grades 9 — 12 Sail from Bangor to Portland, ME One Week Program Great Books is excited to announce the second year of Tales of the Sea: a Tall Ship Adventure. This program for high school students marries the study of maritime literature with living and learning to sail. Time will be split between seminar and discussion and sailing education with visits to coastal islands. One-week Tuition: $2995
Note:
All on-campus programs have Materials & Events fees of $225 for one week and $475 for two.
1. How much does an applicant pay in total for a one-week program at Stanford University
A. $2995. B. $3220. C. $3470. D. $3945.
2. Which program will you choose if you want to do outdoor practice
A. Program 1. B. Program 2. C. Program 3. D. Program 4.
3. What do the four on-campus programs have in common
A. They offer seminar-style classes.
B. They prepare students for the SAT test.
C They are designed for junior high students.
D. They aim to promote students’ writing skills.
B
It can be hard work to keep a home clean. There are countless cleaning products available to help keep floors counters and windows sparkling. However, when cleaning products run out, we need to find a quick alternative. You might be surprised to know that some food products can serve as powerful cleaning agents in a pinch.
If you are annoyed by dust or fingerprints on windows, mirrors, or other glass surfaces, used tea bags can help. Simply rub a damp tea bag on a glass surface and wipe it with newspaper. The tannins contained-in tea leaves will dissolve dirt and turn glass crystal clear again. Tea bags can also be used to degrease dishes and just soak greasy utensils in the sink with a few used tea bags and let them sit for hours. Then, you can easily wash away the grease.
Next, lemon juice is a great degreaser. It can be used to break down grime in the microwave or fridge and freshen up wood furniture. Mayonnaise is another food with the surprising ability to get wood furniture looking new again. If you ever find a water stain on a wooden table, try leaving a thin layer of mayonnaise on it overnight and wipe it off. The oil in mayonnaise helps displace the moisture in the wood that created the mark.
Cleaning the kitchen isn’t easy. But don’t sweat it because vinegar works great as a disinfectant for countertops or bathroom tiles and helps reduce bacteria.
What’s more, a handful of salt and a moist sponge can clean up grease or crud caked up in the corners of stoves or grills. If you ever have trouble unblocking a drain or cleaning a dirty pan, try Coca-Cola. Its acidic properties can make the job a lot easier. Just pour the Coke in and let it sit for 15 or 20 minutes, and then witness the magic.
4. Which of the following is the correct application of tea bags as a cleaner
A. Choose dry tea bags instead of wet ones to clean windows.
B. Unused tea bags can clean glass more thoroughly than used ones.
C. Place used chopsticks in water with tea bags for hours to help get rid of oil.
D Rub oily spoons with tea bags first and then wash them with clean water for a while.
5. How long does it take for mayonnaise to remove a water mark from a wooden table
A. It works instantly. B. 15 to 20 minutes.
C. A few seconds. D. Several hours,
6. What can we NOT learn about food being used to clean the kitchen according to the passage
A. Salt added to vinegar prevents surfaces from becoming greasy.
B. Salt paired with a sponge can clean dirty stoves.
C. The acidic properties in Coke help unclog drains.
D. Vinegar can kill bacteria on a surface.
7. Which of the following could be an alternative title to the passage
A. Creative Ways to Use Leftovers to Avoid Waste
B. Save Money on Cleaning Products with these Amazing Tips
C. Clean like a Pro: useful Methods to Keep Your House Organized
D. A Kitchen in Crisis: What to Do When There Is Not Enough Food
C
It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.” So I shook my head and kept walking.
I wasn’t prepared for a reply, but with no hesitation, he followed me and said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!” But I kept on walking.
The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.
Flying back to Anchorage, I couldn’t help thinking of him. I tried to reason my failure to help by supposing government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you’re not supposed to give money to beggars.
Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean’s Plant a row for Bean’s. It’s clean and simple.
We didn’t keep records back then, but the idea began to take off. Folks would fax me or call when they took something in. It’s food for the spirit and comfort for my conscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean’s became Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.
As more and more people participated, new variations cropped up. Many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo for the program. Donations poured in. It was then that I could really stop feeling guilty.
8. The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. policemen B. writers C. cheaters D. beggars
9. Why did the author think he assumed the worst of a fellow human being
A. Because he didn’t show fair respect to a beggar treating him badly.
B. Because he could have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C. Because he believed that no people begged because of real hunger.
D. Because he thought that charity work was the government’s duty.
10. How did the author make up for what he had done
A. He set up a local kitchen to help the poor.
B. He planted a row of vegetables for charity.
C. He called on people to donate money to the Bean’s.
D. He initiated the idea of Plant a row for Bean’s.
11. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. The beggar gave up the first time he was turned down by the author.
B. The author invented the program inspired by the Anchorage Daily News.
C. GWAA expanded the program concept and made it nationwide in 1995.
D. The program was later taken over by some seeding companies.
D
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many aspects of modem life, one of which is the field of art. AI image generators have recently blown many people away. [1]Just enter keywords or pictures into the generator, and it will turn inputs into images within a few minutes. Though the tool is a technological breakthrough, some artists are not happy about it. They protested online when they discovered their copyrighted work was used to construct AI-generated art. Many said they felt cheated because they were not informed about it, nor did they receive any payment in return.
Despite the negative response from those whose works were used to assist the development of the AI technology there is no specific law against AI-generated pieces of art. While copyright laws protect particular works of art made by individuals, artistic styles that AI copies cannot be legally protected in the same way. [2]This issue may pose a problem--if a company finds an image it wants to use, all it has to do is enter the picture into an Al art system to get an imitated one; in doing so, it will not be considered to be violating any law.
Though AI-generated art has sparked a heated debate, it obviously has numerous benefits. [3]One example of this is the ability to quickly create supernatural scenes that may be impossible for humans to produce. On the other hand, there are potential disadvantages to this technology. As seen from the artists’ reactions to discovering their work being used without their knowledge, there are ethical problems. Also, there is the danger of deepfakes, which are Al-created images or videos of people that look incredibly realistic.
For example, people could be depicted as doing something scandalous. [4]Clearly, AI-generated art is a rapidly developing field with many bright sides as well as potential problems. As it becomes more prevalent, numerous issues related to AI-generated art need to be figured out.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Why many peopie admire art created by AI.
B. How artists are using technology to produce art.
C. Why AI-generated art has not become accepted yet.
D. How artists reacted to their artwork being used to train AI.
13. What does “in the same way” in paragraph 2 mean
A. In the way laws offer protection to historically important creations.
B. In the way laws offer protection to specific works of art.
C. In the way laws allow fair use of copyrighted works.
D. In the way laws allow certain artwork to be adapted.
14. Which disadvantage of Al-generated art is mentioned in the passage
A. This kind of new art breaks the law.
B. It will be easier for artists to create their work.
C. Human artists will not be motivated to make art.
D. Fake images created by AI are becoming harder to detect.
15. The four sentences after numbered [1] to [4] in the passage have to do with different aspects of AI image generators. Which one is most related to the issue the following statement discusses
The AI image generator is like a washing machine of intellectual property. Put an image protected by copyright into it, and it will give you “clean” stuff you can use freely.
A. [1] B. [2] C. [3] D. [4]
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to practise emotional awareness
What is emotional awareness Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in understanding our behaviors and changing our way of dealing with the problems. With emotional awareness, we can understand how this influences our behaviors.____16____
Of course, describing exactly how we feel can often prove difficult.____17____It’s not always easy to put a finger on exactly what’s wrong, without digging a little deeper. This is often because on some level we don’t want to know how we really feel.
____18____ Unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you lash out(猛击)or withdraw when you feel overwhelmed or go into a flood of criticism and self-doubt when you receive negative feedback.
Mindfulness is the process of bringing our attention to the present moment and becoming more aware of our thoughts. It’s a state of calm, non-judgmental reflection.____19____ We can quiet the mental chatter that often accompanies difficult emotions and instead sit with the physical sensation of the emotion in our body. Doing this regularly allows us to be more aware of the source of our emotions and enables us to carry out strategies to manage them more effectively.
Self-reflection develops emotional awareness and is key to understanding why you feel the way you do. Activities such as journaling can be really beneficial in learning about your thought processes.____20____It can be difficult to feel heard by others if we don’t have the language to describe how we’re feeling.
A. And in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.
B. Without emotional awareness, we may develop emotional blind spots.
C. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I’m not myself today”.
D. Sometimes what we really struggle with is putting our emotions into words.
E. There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence.
F. And for many of us, that means understanding how we feel and why can be incredibly difficult.
G. Research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial to social and emotional functioning.
第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather ___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___. Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With his wrinkled fingers, Wang Qiming put traditional makeup on the faces of young performers before dawn, making final preparations for the shehuo parade.
The shehuo parade, _____36_____ time-honored performance enjoying widespread popularity in rural areas across China, _____37_____ (date) back to about 2,000 years ago when sacrificial (祭祀的) activities were performed to pray for a good harvest. Later on, as dancing and singing became part of the parade, it developed into a folk custom_____38_____ (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival _____39_____ (sweep) bad luck and bring a fresh start in the new year.
Wangmazui is in Longxian county, _____40_____ (previous) known as Long Zhou, which is famous for shehuo parades _____41_____(possess) authentic performances and simple yet delicate facial makeup. The county was named the hometown of shehuo performances by the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association in 2013.
More than 100 shehuo festivals are held in Longxian every year each of _____42_____ involves dozens or hundreds of villagers. _____43_____ (enthusiastic) usually perform on horses or pickup trucks, showing remarkable performances including stilt (高跷) dances and land boats.
Wang, 65, got close _____44_____ (expose) to the annual performances when he was a child. “My family has been engaged in shehuo performances ______45______ generations,” he said. “I started to watch the show in my childhood, and now I joined them by making face-painting.”
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，与你同班的英国交换生Jeff觉得自己写的汉字特别难看，向你求助。请写一封信帮助他，内容包括：
1.安慰对方；
2.改进书写的建议；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Jordi! Wake up!” Father’s voice called from the hallway, and I sat up quickly. The day finally came! The day that I would be a castellar—a tower builder. Mama had breakfast ready. “Are you prepared for your moment of fame ” Papa asked in excitement. My throat was suddenly very dry, and the bread got stuck as I swallowed. Taking a big swig of juice, I put on a smile. “I'm ready” I would do well. I wanted to make him proud.
Here in the eastern part of Spain, casteller groups were very popular. My city hosted the competition this year. Before that, I’d watched my parents compete. But never before had I been part of the tower. It was so high. And it sometimes fell. I was hesitant to be up there. But for the past year, I had been practicing the climb. I was twelve, and I must not be a coward (胆小鬼). So for the first time in a competition, I would help build the tower!
In town, I saw that the center was packed with people and casteller teams from all over the country. Hands sweating, I was waiting for our turn to compete. Mom came and patted me on the shoulder. “Have focus. Have faith.” I nodded to show that I understood and would do my best to follow the suggestions.
Soon, too soon, it was our turn.
My father and three of the strongest men stood in a circle facing each other as they held tightly to each other’s arms. Four more strong men stepped behind, each wrapping his arms around the chest of a man and giving him a bear hug. Then fifty more men and women crowded behind and began pushing on their backs to keep them tightly together.
Our base was solid. Four smaller men climbed onto the backs of the base group and stood on their shoulders. They then grabbed onto each other’s arms and held firmly, creating a strong second tier (层). Another group of men would form the third tier. Then, a group of women, including Mom, started climbing and began to form the fourth tier. Our tower was growing taller and taller.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Then suddenly it was kids’ turn to make the last tier.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: “Jordi. Easy!” My mother whispered the words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江苏省南京市第一中学2023-2024学年高二英语10月月考试卷
全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。
A
Great Books Summer Program delivers excellent preparation for seminar-style college classes and the SAT critical thinking section. We are thrilled to announce Summer 2022 On-Campus programs are returning. Enrollment (注册) is open. Make your plans today!
Program 1: Great Books & Writer’s Workshop at Pepperdine University Malibu, CA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs Choose the one-week Seminar and Discussion program. Select Writer’s Workshop for students eager to explore the art of creative writing. Or, stay for both! One-week Tuition: $2695 Two-week Tuition: $5390
Program 2: Great Books & Writer’s Workshop at Amherst College Amherst, MA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs We will be offering Seminar and Discussion programs and a Writer’s Workshop for students eager to explore the art of writing in all forms. One-week Tuition: $2495 Two-week Tuition: $4990
Program 3: Great Books at Stanford University Stanford, CA For Rising Grades 6-8 and Grades 9 — 12 One and Two-Week Programs Young people gather to experience reading and life at Stanford University. Join us for one week or two of Great Books Seminar and Discussion programs! One-week Tuition: $2995 Two-week Tuition: $5990
Program 4: A Tall Ship Adventure For Rising Grades 9 — 12 Sail from Bangor to Portland, ME One Week Program Great Books is excited to announce the second year of Tales of the Sea: a Tall Ship Adventure. This program for high school students marries the study of maritime literature with living and learning to sail. Time will be split between seminar and discussion and sailing education with visits to coastal islands. One-week Tuition: $2995
Note:
All on-campus programs have Materials & Events fees of $225 for one week and $475 for two.
1. How much does an applicant pay in total for a one-week program at Stanford University
A. $2995. B. $3220. C. $3470. D. $3945.
2 Which program will you choose if you want to do outdoor practice
A. Program 1. B. Program 2. C. Program 3. D. Program 4.
3. What do the four on-campus programs have in common
A. They offer seminar-style classes.
B. They prepare students for the SAT test.
C. They are designed for junior high students.
D. They aim to promote students’ writing skills.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Great Books Summer Program的四个校园课程，包括课程地点、内容和费用等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Program 3: Great Books at Stanford University”部分关键句“One-week Tuition: $2995(一周学费：2995美元)”和“Young people gather to experience reading and life at Stanford University. (年轻人聚集在斯坦福大学体验阅读和生活)”可知，申请者在斯坦福大学为期一周的课程需要支付的费用为2995美元且这项课程为校内课程，再根据文章最后一段内容“All on-campus programs have Materials & Events fees of $225 for one week and $475 for two.(所有校内课程的材料和活动费用为一周225美元，两周475美元)”可知，参在为期一周的校内课程还需要支付材料和活动费用225美元。由此可知，申请者在斯坦福大学为期一周的课程总共需要支付的费用是3220美元。故选B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Program 4: A Tall Ship Adventure”部分关键句“This program for high school students marries the study of maritime literature with living and learning to sail. Time will be split between seminar and discussion and sailing education with visits to coastal islands.(这项针对高中生的课程将海洋文学研究与航海生活和学习结合起来。时间将分为研讨会和讨论、航海教育和访问沿海岛屿)”可知，在第四个课程中包括访问沿海岛屿，这是户外活动。由此可推断出，如果你想做户外练习，你会选择第四个课程。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Great Books Summer Program delivers excellent preparation for seminar-style college classes and the SAT critical thinking section.(Great Books Summer Program为研讨班式大学课程和SAT批判性思维部分提供了出色的准备)”可知，Great Books Summer Program的四个校园课程都在为研讨班式大学课程和SAT批判性思维部分提供准备。由此可知，这四个校园课程的共同点是它们为学生参加SAT考试做准备。故选B项。
B
It can be hard work to keep a home clean. There are countless cleaning products available to help keep floors, counters and windows sparkling. However, when cleaning products run out, we need to find a quick alternative. You might be surprised to know that some food products can serve as powerful cleaning agents in a pinch.
If you are annoyed by dust or fingerprints on windows, mirrors, or other glass surfaces, used tea bags can help. Simply rub a damp tea bag on a glass surface and wipe it with newspaper. The tannins contained-in tea leaves will dissolve dirt and turn glass crystal clear again. Tea bags can also be used to degrease dishes and just soak greasy utensils in the sink with a few used tea bags and let them sit for hours. Then, you can easily wash away the grease.
Next, lemon juice is a great degreaser. It can be used to break down grime in the microwave or fridge and freshen up wood furniture. Mayonnaise is another food with the surprising ability to get wood furniture looking new again. If you ever find a water stain on a wooden table, try leaving a thin layer of mayonnaise on it overnight and wipe it off. The oil in mayonnaise helps displace the moisture in the wood that created the mark.
Cleaning the kitchen isn’t easy. But don’t sweat it because vinegar works great as a disinfectant for countertops or bathroom tiles and helps reduce bacteria.
What’s more, a handful of salt and a moist sponge can clean up grease or crud caked up in the corners of stoves or grills. If you ever have trouble unblocking a drain or cleaning a dirty pan, try Coca-Cola. Its acidic properties can make the job a lot easier. Just pour the Coke in and let it sit for 15 or 20 minutes, and then witness the magic.
4. Which of the following is the correct application of tea bags as a cleaner
A. Choose dry tea bags instead of wet ones to clean windows.
B. Unused tea bags can clean glass more thoroughly than used ones.
C. Place used chopsticks in water with tea bags for hours to help get rid of oil.
D. Rub oily spoons with tea bags first and then wash them with clean water for a while.
5. How long does it take for mayonnaise to remove a water mark from a wooden table
A. It works instantly. B. 15 to 20 minutes.
C. A few seconds. D. Several hours,
6. What can we NOT learn about food being used to clean the kitchen according to the passage
A. Salt added to vinegar prevents surfaces from becoming greasy.
B. Salt paired with a sponge can clean dirty stoves.
C. The acidic properties in Coke help unclog drains.
D. Vinegar can kill bacteria on a surface.
7. Which of the following could be an alternative title to the passage
A. Creative Ways to Use Leftovers to Avoid Waste
B. Save Money on Cleaning Products with these Amazing Tips
C. Clean like a Pro: useful Methods to Keep Your House Organized
D. A Kitchen in Crisis: What to Do When There Is Not Enough Food
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了利用各种便宜省钱的厨房食品可以实现家庭清洁。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Tea bags can also be used to degrease dishes and just soak greasy utensils in the sink with a few used tea bags and let them sit for hours. Then, you can easily wash away the grease.”（茶包也可以用来给餐具脱脂，只要用一些用过的茶包把油腻的餐具浸泡在水槽里，让它们静置几个小时。然后，你可以很容易地洗掉油脂。）可知，将用过的筷子放入有茶包的水中浸泡数小时，可以帮助去除油脂。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三四句“Mayonnaise is another food with the surprising ability to get wood furniture looking new again. If you ever find a water stain on a wooden table, try leaving a thin layer of mayonnaise on it overnight and wipe it off.”（蛋黄酱是另一种具有让木制家具焕然一新惊人能力的食物。如果你发现木桌上有水渍，试着在上面涂一层薄薄的蛋黄酱一晚上，然后擦掉。）可知，用蛋黄酱除木桌上的水渍需要一晚上，即数个小时。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But don’t sweat it because vinegar works great as a disinfectant for countertops or bathroom tiles and helps reduce bacteria.”（但不用担心，因为醋可以作为台面或浴室瓷砖的消毒剂，有助于减少细菌。）及第五段前三句“What’s more, a handful of salt and a moist sponge can clean up grease or crud caked up in the corners of stoves or grills. If you ever have trouble unblocking a drain or cleaning a dirty pan, try Coca-Cola. Its acidic properties can make the job a lot easier.”（更重要的是，一把盐和一块湿润的海绵可以清除积聚在炉子或烤架角落里的油脂或污垢。如果你在打开排水管或清洗脏锅时遇到困难，试试可口可乐。它的酸性可以使这项工作容易得多。）可知，醋可以杀死表面的细菌，盐和海绵可以清洁肮脏的炉子，可乐的酸性有助于疏通下水道。文章没有提到在醋中加入盐可以防止表面变得油腻。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“However, when cleaning products run out, we need to find a quick alternative. You might be surprised to know that some food products can serve as powerful cleaning agents in a pinch.”（然而，当清洁产品用完时，我们需要找到一个快速的替代品。你可能会惊讶地发现，一些食品在紧要关头可以作为强力的清洁剂。）并结合下文具体食品的清洁用途可知，本文主要介绍了便宜省钱的清洁小窍门。故选B项。
C
It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.” So I shook my head and kept walking.
I wasn’t prepared for a reply, but with no hesitation, he followed me and said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!” But I kept on walking.
The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.
Flying back to Anchorage, I couldn’t help thinking of him. I tried to reason my failure to help by supposing government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you’re not supposed to give money to beggars.
Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean’s Plant a row for Bean’s. It’s clean and simple.
We didn’t keep records back then, but the idea began to take off. Folks would fax me or call when they took something in. It’s food for the spirit and comfort for my conscience.
In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean’s became Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.
As more and more people participated, new variations cropped up. Many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo for the program. Donations poured in. It was then that I could really stop feeling guilty.
8. The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. policemen B. writers C. cheaters D. beggars
9. Why did the author think he assumed the worst of a fellow human being
A. Because he didn’t show fair respect to a beggar treating him badly.
B. Because he could have helped a hungry man but he passed by.
C. Because he believed that no people begged because of real hunger.
D. Because he thought that charity work was the government’s duty.
10. How did the author make up for what he had done
A. He set up a local kitchen to help the poor.
B. He planted a row of vegetables for charity.
C. He called on people to donate money to the Bean’s.
D. He initiated the idea of Plant a row for Bean’s.
11. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. The beggar gave up the first time he was turned down by the author.
B. The author invented the program inspired by the Anchorage Daily News.
C. GWAA expanded the program concept and made it nationwide in 1995.
D. The program was later taken over by some seeding companies.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次拒绝一个乞讨者的请求后，内心难安，非常愧疚。利用自己在报社的工作，写了一篇专栏鼓励所有读者在自家花园里种植一排豆子，去帮助那些挨饿的邻居。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers（我看到标语上写着:“不要给乞丐钱，因为他们大多数都是swindlers）”可知，作者径直走开没有帮助那个乞讨者，因为认为他们是骗子。cheaters是近义词。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“So I shook my head and kept walking.（于是我摇了摇头，继续往前走。）”以及第三段“The incident kept bothering me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he hadn’t been a real beggar. On a freezing cold night, no less, I assumed the worst of a fellow human being.（这个星期剩下的时间里，这件事一直困扰着我。我口袋里有钱，即使他不是一个真正的乞丐，给他一两美元也不会要我的命。在一个寒冷的夜晚，我把一个人往最坏的方面想。）”可知，作者认为他假设了一个人类同伴最坏的一面是因为他本可以帮助一个饥饿的人，但他却走开了。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, a local charity service kitchen, feeds hundreds of hungry local people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row of vegetables or flowers in their gardens for Bean’s Plant a row for Bean’s. It’s clean and simple. （突然间，我想到了一个主意。Bean ’s Cafe是当地一家慈善服务厨房，每天为数百名饥饿的当地人提供食物。为什么不试着让我所有的读者在他们的花园里为Bean种植一排蔬菜或鲜花呢 种一排豆子。它干净而简单。）”可知，作者提出了“为豆子种植一排”的想法来弥补他所做的事。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In April 1995, the Garden Writers Association of America(GWAA) held their annual meeting in Anchorage and after learning our program, Plant a Row for Bean’s became Plant a Row For The Hungry. The idea then was to have every member write or talk about planting a row for the hungry, which brought the program to national attention.（1995年4月，美国园艺作家协会(GWAA)在安克雷奇召开了年度会议，在学习了我们的项目后，“为豆子种一排”变成了“为饥饿者种一排”。当时的想法是让每个成员都写或谈论为饥饿的人种植一排，这使该计划引起了全国的关注。）”可知，1995年，GWAA扩大了该计划的概念，并将其推广到全国。故选C。
D
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many aspects of modem life, one of which is the field of art. AI image generators have recently blown many people away. [1]Just enter keywords or pictures into the generator, and it will turn inputs into images within a few minutes. Though the tool is a technological breakthrough, some artists are not happy about it. They protested online when they discovered their copyrighted work was used to construct AI-generated art. Many said they felt cheated because they were not informed about it, nor did they receive any payment in return.
Despite the negative response from those whose works were used to assist the development of the AI technology, there is no specific law against AI-generated pieces of art. While copyright laws protect particular works of art made by individuals, artistic styles that AI copies cannot be legally protected in the same way. [2]This issue may pose a problem--if a company finds an image it wants to use, all it has to do is enter the picture into an Al art system to get an imitated one; in doing so, it will not be considered to be violating any law.
Though AI-generated art has sparked a heated debate, it obviously has numerous benefits. [3]One example of this is the ability to quickly create supernatural scenes that may be impossible for humans to produce. On the other hand, there are potential disadvantages to this technology. As seen from the artists’ reactions to discovering their work being used without their knowledge, there are ethical problems. Also, there is the danger of deepfakes, which are Al-created images or videos of people that look incredibly realistic.
For example, people could be depicted as doing something scandalous. [4]Clearly, AI-generated art is a rapidly developing field with many bright sides as well as potential problems. As it becomes more prevalent, numerous issues related to AI-generated art need to be figured out.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Why many peopie admire art created by AI.
B. How artists are using technology to produce art.
C. Why AI-generated art has not become accepted yet.
D. How artists reacted to their artwork being used to train AI.
13. What does “in the same way” in paragraph 2 mean
A. In the way laws offer protection to historically important creations.
B. In the way laws offer protection to specific works of art.
C. In the way laws allow fair use of copyrighted works.
D. In the way laws allow certain artwork to be adapted.
14. Which disadvantage of Al-generated art is mentioned in the passage
A. This kind of new art breaks the law.
B. It will be easier for artists to create their work.
C. Human artists will not be motivated to make art.
D. Fake images created by AI are becoming harder to detect.
15. The four sentences after numbered [1] to [4] in the passage have to do with different aspects of AI image generators. Which one is most related to the issue the following statement discusses
The AI image generator is like a washing machine of intellectual property. Put an image protected by copyright into it, and it will give you “clean” stuff you can use freely.
A. [1] B. [2] C. [3] D. [4]
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在艺术领域使用人工智能的优势及弊端。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many aspects of modem life, one of which is the field of art. AI image generators have recently blown many people away. Just enter keywords or pictures into the generator, and it will turn inputs into images within a few minutes. Though the tool is a technological breakthrough, some artists are not happy about it. They protested online when they discovered their copyrighted work was used to construct AI-generated art. Many said they felt cheated because they were not informed about it, nor did they receive any payment in return.”（人工智能正在改变现代生活的许多方面，其中之一就是艺术领域。人工智能图像生成器最近让很多人大吃一惊。只要在生成器中输入关键词或图片，它就会在几分钟内将输入内容转换成图像。虽然这个工具是一项技术突破，但一些艺术家对此并不满意。当他们发现自己的版权作品被用来构建人工智能生成的艺术时，他们在网上抗议。许多人表示，他们觉得自己被骗了，因为他们没有被告知这件事，也没有收到任何回报。）可知，本段主要介绍了艺术家的版权作品被用来构建人工智能生成的艺术引起了艺术家的抗议，即艺术家对他们的作品被用来构建人工智能生成艺术的反应。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“While copyright laws protect particular works of art made by individuals, artistic styles that AI copies cannot be legally protected in the same way.”（虽然版权法保护个人创作的特定艺术作品，但人工智能复制的艺术风格无法以同样的方式受到法律保护。）可知，人工智能复制的艺术风格无法享受到像版权法保护个人创作的特定艺术作品一样的权利，故in the same way表示“法律保护特定艺术作品的方式。”故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Also, there is the danger of deepfakes, which are Al-created images or videos of people that look incredibly realistic.”（此外，还有深度造假的危险，这些人工智能制作的图像或视频，看起来非常逼真。）可知，人工智能生成艺术的弊端之一在于它创造的图像或视频非常逼真，会使得假图像难以辨别出来。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。题干句“The AI image generator is like a washing machine of intellectual property. Put an image protected by copyright into it, and it will give you “clean” stuff you can use freely.”（人工智能图像生成器就像一台知识产权洗衣机。放一张受版权保护图片进去，它会给你“干净”的东西，你可以自由使用。）说明人工智能图像生成器会使版权变得没有意义，使得版权作品无法获得应有的保护。[2]This issue may pose a problem--if a company finds an image it wants to use, all it has to do is enter the picture into an Al art system to get an imitated one; in doing so, it will not be considered to be violating any law.（这个问题可能会带来一个问题——如果一家公司找到了一张它想要使用的图像，它所要做的就是把这张照片输入人工智能艺术系统，得到一张模仿的图像，这样做不会被视为违反任何法律。）用具体的例子说明公司将想要的图片通过人工智能艺术系统，会得到“干净的”无版权图片，且不会违反法律，与题干句论述一致。[1]Just enter keywords or pictures into the generator, and it will turn inputs into images within a few minutes. （只要在生成器中输入关键词或图片，它就会在几分钟内将输入内容转换成图像。）说明的是人工智能生成图片的效率高。[3]One example of this is the ability to quickly create supernatural scenes that may be impossible for humans to produce.（这方面的一个例子是能够迅速创造出人类可能无法创造的超自然场景。）说明的是人工智能生成图片的强大功能。[4]Clearly, AI-generated art is a rapidly developing field with many bright sides as well as potential problems. （显然，人工智能生成艺术是一个快速发展的领域，有许多光明的一面，也有潜在的问题。）说明的是人工智能生成艺术利弊共存，均不符合题意。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to practise emotional awareness
What is emotional awareness Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in understanding our behaviors and changing our way of dealing with the problems. With emotional awareness, we can understand how this influences our behaviors.____16____
Of course, describing exactly how we feel can often prove difficult.____17____It’s not always easy to put a finger on exactly what’s wrong, without digging a little deeper. This is often because on some level we don’t want to know how we really feel.
____18____ Unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you lash out(猛击)or withdraw when you feel overwhelmed or go into a flood of criticism and self-doubt when you receive negative feedback.
Mindfulness is the process of bringing our attention to the present moment and becoming more aware of our thoughts. It’s a state of calm, non-judgmental reflection.____19____ We can quiet the mental chatter that often accompanies difficult emotions and instead sit with the physical sensation of the emotion in our body. Doing this regularly allows us to be more aware of the source of our emotions and enables us to carry out strategies to manage them more effectively.
Self-reflection develops emotional awareness and is key to understanding why you feel the way you do. Activities such as journaling can be really beneficial in learning about your thought processes.____20____It can be difficult to feel heard by others if we don’t have the language to describe how we’re feeling.
A. And in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.
B. Without emotional awareness, we may develop emotional blind spots.
C. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I’m not myself today”.
D. Sometimes what we really struggle with is putting our emotions into words.
E. There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence.
F. And for many of us, that means understanding how we feel and why can be incredibly difficult.
G. Research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial to social and emotional functioning.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了如何培养情绪意识以及情绪意识的含义。
【16题详解】
根据前文“ It’s absolutely essential in understanding our behaviors and changing our way of dealing with the problems. With emotional awareness, we can understand how this influences our behaviors.(这对于理解我们的行为和改变我们处理问题的方式是绝对必要的。有情绪感意识，我们就能理解它是如何影响我们的行为的。)”可知，此处指出理解情绪意识带来的好处即知道情绪是如何影响我们的行为的。A选项“And in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.(反过来，改变我们应对挑战的方式。)”承接前文，指出在理解情绪意识之后，我们能够知道其对我们行为的形象，由此我们可以适当的做出应对的挑战方式。A选项符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Of course, describing exactly how we feel can often prove difficult.(当然，准确地描述我们的感受往往是困难的。)”可知，有时能够准确地描述自己的感受是很难的，后文应对该情况具体说明。C选项“It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I’m not myself today”.(这就是为什么我们会说“我今天不是我自己”这样的俗语。)”承接前文，指出具体例子对前文的“有时能够准确地描述自己的感受是很难的”情况进行解释，符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. (不健康的思想、行为和应对机制都隐藏在我们的视线之外。)”可知，此处指没有情绪意识导致的消极影响，即不健康的思想、行为和应对机制都隐藏在我们的视线之外。B选项“Without emotional awareness, we may develop emotional blind spots.(没有情感意识，我们可能会形成情感盲点。)”概括后文的内容，指出没有情感意识，我们可能会形成情感盲点。此处的emotional blind spots与后文的Unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms形成呼应，B选项符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Mindfulness is the process of bringing our attention to the present moment and becoming more aware of our thoughts. It’s a state of calm, non-judgmental reflection.(正念是将我们的注意力集中到当下，并更加意识到我们的想法的过程。这是一种冷静、不加评判的反思状态。)”可知，此处提出了“正念”这一概念，后文应该讲述如何培养“正念”的反思状态。E选项“There are many ways to be mindful, from practising breathwork to sitting in silence.(保持正念的方法有很多，从呼吸练习到安静地坐着。)”指出了具体的培养“正念”的方法，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据后文“It can be difficult to feel heard by others if we don’t have the language to describe how we’re feeling.( 如果我们没有语言来描述自己的感受，别人就很难听到我们的声音。)”可知，此处强调如果我们的情绪没有用语言表达出来，很难被别人所理解，这对我们来说是非常艰难的。D选项“Sometimes what we really struggle with is putting our emotions into words.(有时候，我们真正挣扎的是把我们的情绪用语言表达出来。)”引起下文，指出不能用语言表达出我们的情绪是我们真正所挣扎的地方，前后句陈述话题一致即不能用语言表述自己的情绪是痛苦的，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather ___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___. Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27 A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35. A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。为了确保青少年的安全，国家对他们实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了青少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这一举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它也可能是这样一段时间，在这段时间一个人变得非常容易受负面影响，并被危险的情况所吸引。A. opposed反对；B. subjected受控制，受影响；C. related联系；D. restricted 受限制。根据后面的“and is drawn towards dangerous situations（被危险的情况所吸引）”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然易受消极的负面的事物所影响。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. improving提高，改善；B. restoring恢复；C. ensuring确保；D. expanding扩大。根据上句“for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen.” 可知，对于父母来说，孩子的青春期意味着要经常担心他们作为一个公民的安全。那么宵禁就是确保（ensure）他们的安全的一种措施。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种安全措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. principle原则；B. reference参与；C. approach方法；D. efficiency效率。下文主要叙述了在美国对青少年宵禁相当普遍并卓有成效的例子。可知，宵禁是有效的。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：对青少年宵禁的问题在美国广受争议，这种方法在美国仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这一措施尚未得到如此广泛的应用。A. popular流行的，受欢迎的；B. absent缺席的；C. practical实用的；D. accessible可得到的。根据空前的“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States”青少年宵禁问题在美国广受争议，以及后面的“ this method is still rather __4__” 中的转折副词still，表示与前面的句意相反，可知这种方法虽然备受争议，但在美国仍然相当流行。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点开始不要上街。A. Typical典型的，有代表性的；B. Evident明显的；C. Critical批评的；D. Specific具体的。根据后面的举例，宵禁的时间及针对的人群可知，这种宵禁非常典型。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后罪行，以及违法行为的侵害，而且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替；B. in honor of纪念；C. in case of以防；D. in favor of 支持。下文举例说明这种宵禁使青少年犯罪率下降了，可知，这些都能支持（in favor of）这一种措施的可行性。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，(纽约时报)报告称青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，青少年犯罪总犯罪率下降了21%。A. results结果；B. events 事件；C. patterns模式；D. links链接。犯罪率的下降就是这种措施的结果（results）。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为剥夺年轻人的权利，限制他们的自由的一种预防措施。A. protecting保护；B. acknowledging承认；C. limiting限制；D. liberating解放。根据宵禁期间，青少年在晚上11点后不准上街，可知，宵禁限制（limit）了他们的自由。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持：违反宵禁和相关指控是美国青少年最常犯下的犯罪之一。A. officially官方地；B. logically逻辑地；C. particularly尤其；D. physically身体上。根据“that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States.”可知这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：此外，有报道称警方因宵禁逮捕了更多违反规定的非白人青少年。A. By contrast相比；B. In addition此外；C. In conclusion总之；D. In general一般地。上文说了宵禁限制了青少年的自由，后面又举一例，可知，空格处要用此外（In addition）。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都会使青少年认为他们已经越过了将自己划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法分子，这可能会导致犯下比宵禁罪更严重的罪行。A. take charge of 负责；B. contribute to促使，有助于；C. result from 由于；D. deal with处理。分析前后两句的内容，可知青少年认为自己是不法分子，这会促使（contribute to）他们犯下更重的罪行。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在为孩子制定宵禁令时，父母要记住的一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误判断可能会导致他们在其他方面的不当行为。A. rules规定；B. charges费用；C. crimes犯罪；D. relations关系。宵禁令是一种规定（rule）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：由明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明这一点，根据该研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的事情。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. inadequate不足的；D. unfair不公平的。根据“protest against(抗议)”可知，青少年认为这是不公平的的事，会进行抗议。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格；相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. adopt采纳，收养；B. allow允许；C. avoid避免；D. address解决。上文说青少年在认为某事对自己不公平时会抗议。以及“have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions”可知，要与青少年进行一次旨在找到理想条件的谈话，家长要避免（avoid）专制。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格;相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. satisfy满足；B. spare留出，抽出；C. surround包围；D. settle解决。上文说要与青少年对话，不能专制，目的就是让双方满意（satisfy）。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With his wrinkled fingers, Wang Qiming put traditional makeup on the faces of young performers before dawn, making final preparations for the shehuo parade.
The shehuo parade, _____36_____ time-honored performance enjoying widespread popularity in rural areas across China, _____37_____ (date) back to about 2,000 years ago when sacrificial (祭祀的) activities were performed to pray for a good harvest. Later on, as dancing and singing became part of the parade, it developed into a folk custom_____38_____ (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival _____39_____ (sweep) bad luck and bring a fresh start in the new year.
Wangmazui is in Longxian county, _____40_____ (previous) known as Long Zhou, which is famous for shehuo parades _____41_____(possess) authentic performances and simple yet delicate facial makeup. The county was named the hometown of shehuo performances by the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association in 2013.
More than 100 shehuo festivals are held in Longxian every year each of _____42_____ involves dozens or hundreds of villagers. _____43_____ (enthusiastic) usually perform on horses or pickup trucks, showing remarkable performances including stilt (高跷) dances and land boats.
Wang, 65, got close _____44_____ (expose) to the annual performances when he was a child. “My family has been engaged in shehuo performances ______45______ generations,” he said. “I started to watch the show in my childhood, and now I joined them by making face-painting.”
【答案】36. a 37. dates
38. staged 39. to sweep
40. previously
41. possessing
42. which 43. enthusiasts
44. exposure
45. for
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了民间习俗——社火游行的历史发展。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式，在中国农村地区广泛流行，可以追溯到大约2000年前，那时候人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。根据“time-honored performance”可知，空处需填冠词，结合句意可知，社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式，故用不定冠词表示泛指，“time-honored”以辅音音素开头，故填a。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式，在中国农村地区广泛流行，可以追溯到大约2000年前，那时候人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，表示客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“the shehuo parade”为单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，随着歌舞成为游行的一部分，它发展成为春节和元宵节期间上演的一种民间习俗，以扫除厄运，带来新的一年的新开始。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“developed”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“a folk custom”与“stage”之间是被动关系，所以空处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填staged。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，随着歌舞成为游行的一部分，它发展成为春节和元宵节期间上演的一种民间习俗，以扫除厄运，带来新的一年的新开始。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“developed”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合语意可知，这种民间习俗的目的是去除坏运气和带来新的开始，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to sweep。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：王马咀村位于陇县，以前被称为“陇州”，这里以真实的表演和简单而精致的面部化妆的社火游行而闻名。根据“known”可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰动词，previously是副词，表示“以前，先前”，符合题意。故填previously。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：王马咀村位于陇县，以前被称为“陇州”，这里以真实的表演和简单而精致的面部化妆的社火游行而闻名。分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词“is”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“ shehuo parades”和“possess”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填possessing。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：每年，陇县都会举办100多场社火活动，每场活动都有数十或数百名村民参加。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺介词of的宾语，先行词是“shehuo festivals”，指物，故用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：爱好者们通常在马匹或皮卡上表演包括高跷舞和旱船等精彩的节目。分析句子结构并根据“perform”可知，空处需填名词复数作主语，enthusiastic作形容词，表示“热情的”，名词enthusiast表示“热衷者，爱好者”，符合句意。故填enthusiasts。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：65岁的王大爷从小就接触了一年一度的演出。根据“got close”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，exposure作名词，表示“暴露，接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我家几代人都从事社火表演，”他说。for generations表示“几代人、祖辈”符合句意。故填for。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，与你同班的英国交换生Jeff觉得自己写的汉字特别难看，向你求助。请写一封信帮助他，内容包括：
1.安慰对方；
2.改进书写的建议；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jeff,
I’m extremely sorry to learn that you are in a difficult situation and you are upset about how to improve your handwriting. There are a few techniques you can use to make your handwriting more smooth and graceful.
To begin with, I think it's important that the models you imitate are not only written beautifully but correctly and neatly. You can also join the calligraphy club in our school, which is intended for foreign calligraphy lovers. With the help of teachers with advanced skills, you will definitely improve your handwriting swiftly. Handwriting is never an easy task, but takes painstaking efforts and patience. I believe you’ll make great progress sooner or later.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生请写一封信帮助与你同班的英国交换生Jeff，为他解答如何提高汉字书写。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
沮丧的：sad →upset
提高：enhance →improve
首先：Firstly →To begin with
参加：participate in →join
2.句式拓展
简单句变为复合句
原句：With the help of teachers with advanced skills, you will definitely improve your handwriting swiftly.
拓展句：It is with the help of a highly skilled teacher that your handwriting is sure to improve rapidly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] You can also join the calligraphy club in our school, which is intended for foreign calligraphy lovers.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型2] I’m extremely sorry to learn that you are in a difficult situation and you are upset about how to improve your handwriting.这句话运用了宾语从句。
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Jordi! Wake up!” Father’s voice called from the hallway, and I sat up quickly. The day finally came! The day that I would be a castellar—a tower builder. Mama had breakfast ready. “Are you prepared for your moment of fame ” Papa asked in excitement. My throat was suddenly very dry, and the bread got stuck as I swallowed. Taking a big swig of juice, I put on a smile. “I'm ready” I would do well. I wanted to make him proud.
Here in the eastern part of Spain, casteller groups were very popular. My city hosted the competition this year. Before that, I’d watched my parents compete. But never before had I been part of the tower. It was so high. And it sometimes fell. I was hesitant to be up there. But for the past year, I had been practicing the climb. I was twelve, and I must not be a coward (胆小鬼). So for the first time in a competition, I would help build the tower!
In town, I saw that the center was packed with people and casteller teams from all over the country. Hands sweating, I was waiting for our turn to compete. Mom came and patted me on the shoulder. “Have focus. Have faith.” I nodded to show that I understood and would do my best to follow the suggestions.
Soon, too soon, it was our turn.
My father and three of the strongest men stood in a circle facing each other as they held tightly to each other’s arms. Four more strong men stepped behind, each wrapping his arms around the chest of a man and giving him a bear hug. Then fifty more men and women crowded behind and began pushing on their backs to keep them tightly together.
Our base was solid. Four smaller men climbed onto the backs of the base group and stood on their shoulders. They then grabbed onto each other’s arms and held firmly, creating a strong second tier (层). Another group of men would form the third tier. Then, a group of women, including Mom, started climbing and began to form the fourth tier. Our tower was growing taller and taller.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Then suddenly it was kids’ turn to make the last tier.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: “Jordi. Easy!” My mother whispered the words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Then suddenly it was kids’ turn to make the last tier. Tightly gripping the clothing of those we were climbing over, we passed the first two tiers without difficulty. By the time I reached the fourth tier, nerves made my hands sweat and my knees tremble, for I was very high off the ground. As I climbed onto my mother’s shoulders, my foot slipped off and I slid down. Instinctively, I clutched Mom’s arm with all my might. Feeling the tower below swaying a bit, my heart began a crazy dance in my chest. “Stay focus!” Exclaimed a kid beside me. Sweat trickling down my face, I took a deep breath to calm myself. I could not be responsible for ruining our tower. I could not disgrace my parents or myself. I could not let my team down.
“Jordi. Easy!” My mother whispered the words. I calmed my heart and again placed my foot on Mom’s lap. This time, I grasped her shirt and firmly pushed myself to a stand, balancing on one foot. With the other foot, I stepped up and onto her shoulders, and then brought the other foot up. Reaching deep inside to feel my balance, with focus and trust, I rose slowly out of my crouch and straightened my knees. I worked hard to hold myself straight and still until our tower was complete. Whether or not we won this competition, I knew we had done what we had set out to do. With faith in each other and with focus on the task, we built our tower. Eventually, I became a casteller!
【解析】
【导语】本文以比赛进程为线索展开，讲述了作者与父母参加一次叠人形金字塔比赛的经历，从中懂得了相信和专注的重要性的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句“然后突然轮到孩子们爬最后一层了。”可知，下文可描写作者踩着人墙往上爬的过程，以及这次过程中的紧张和心理活动。
②根据第二段首句“‘乔迪，放松’我母亲低声说着这句话。”可知，下文可描写作者如何克服紧张爬到顶点，以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：轮到孩子们——越往上越紧张——害怕因为自己而输掉比赛——妈妈鼓励——放松心情——克服紧张——爬到顶点——感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①颤抖：tremble/shudder
②到达：reach/get to/arrive at
③知道，明白：know/be aware of/understand
情绪类
①使……平静：calm/cool
③失望的：down/upset/disappointed
【点睛】[高分句型1]Tightly gripping the clothing of those we were climbing over, we passed the first two tiers without difficulty.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]Whether or not we won this competition, I knew we had done what we had set out to do.（运用了whether...or...引导的让步状语从句）
