江苏省常州高级中学
2023～2024学年第一学期期末质量检查高二年级
英语试卷
说明：1.以下题目的答案请全部填写在答卷纸上。
2.本卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman doing now
A. Watching TV. B. Taking part in an activity. C. Preparing for an exam.
2. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In an office. B. In a store. C. In a hotel.
3. When will the speakers meet
A. At 6: 20. B. At 6: 10. C. At 5: 40.
4. In which country does Jane want to spend her holiday
A. America. B. Korea. C. Japan.
5. What do we know about the woman
A. She is fired. B. She didn’t work hard. C. She can take a day off tomorrow.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What could the man be
A. A taxi driver. B. A policeman. C. A hotel clerk.
7. Where does the woman think she lost her cell phone
A. In a park. B. In a supermarket. C. On her way to the hotel.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Where will The Magic Flute be on this weekend
A. At the Orpheum theatre. B. At the Caldonion theatre.
C. At the Poseidon theatre.
9. What will the man do tonight
A. Invite Joan to dinner. B. Give Joan a call. C. Buy tickets.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What is Isabel’s
A. A restaurant. B. A toy shop. C. A clothing shop.
11. Who bought an evening dress
A. Cindy. B. Wendy. C. Mrs. Miles.
12. What will the speakers do first
A. Refuel the car. B. Go to a party. C. Have lunch.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the man
A. A salesman. B. A teacher. C. A student.
14. What is the second point being talked about
A. The man’s education. B. The man’s marriage. C. The man’s demand.
15. How does the man find the job
A. Challenging. B. Relaxing. C. Interesting.
16. What will the man do
A. Have another interview. B. Wait for the reply. C. Think about the business trips.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the speaker like best
A. Big Ben. B. Tower Bridge. C. The Tower of London.
18. Where did the speaker take a photo
A. At Trafalgar Square. B. At Madame Tussauds.
C. At the Royal Shakespeare Theater.
19. How old are the houses in Stratford
A. About 500 years old. B. About 1, 000 years old.
C. About 2, 000 years old.
20. Why does the speaker give the message
A. To introduce his blog. B. To tell about his trip in England.
C. To recommend people to visit London.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the Commonwealth Games England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have separate Olympics teams, unlike the Olympics where they compete together as Britain.
What are the Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games are held every four years between members of the Commonwealth of Nations—a group of independent countries, most of which used to be part of the Britain. The Games were first held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. The event was named the Commonwealth Games in 1978.
The history of the Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games have been held every four years since they started and have grown much bigger. At the first Commonwealth Games, only 11 nations and 400 athletes were involved in six sports. For a long time, the Games only included individual sports such as athletics, boxing and swimming. In 1998, team sports such as cricket, hockey and netball were introduced. The Commonwealth Games have featured many fantastic feats and the athletes have broken a wide range of records.
Paralympic progress
At the 2002 Manchester Commonwealth Games Canadian athlete Chantal Petitclerc became the first athlete with a disability to win a gold medal in the wheelchair 800-meter race. She said, “It meant so much to me that the Commonwealth Games decided that a performance is a performance-and it doesn’t matter if you accomplish it in a wheelchair. Paralympic athletes continue to take part in the Commonwealth Cames’ main sports programs, and many have broken records and made history.
1. Which countries take part in the Commonwealth Games
A. Independent countries. B. Members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
C. The former members of the Britain. D. All the countries from around the world.
2. How many sports were there at the first Commonwealth Games
A. 11. B. 4. C. 6. D. 400.
3. Why do Paralympic athletes compete in the Commonwealth Games
A. To make historic records. B. To enjoy sports programs with other athletes.
C. To show their disabilities. D. To prove themselves with good performance.
B
One of the biggest concerns about today’s tech giants is their market power. In many countries, Google, Facebook, and Amazon dominate online search, social media, and online retail respectively. And yet economists have largely failed to address these concerns in a proper way. To help regulators as they struggle to address this market concentration, we must make economics itself more relevant to the digital age.
Digital markets often become highly concentrated, with one dominant firm, because larger players enjoy significant returns. For example, data generation plays a self reinforcing (自我强化的) rule; more data improves the service, which brings more users, and then generates more data.
As several recent reports have pointed out, the digital economy poses a problem for competition policy. Competition is vital for boosting productivity and long term growth, because it drives out inefficient producers and encourages innovation. Yet how can this happen when there are such dominant players
Today’s digital giants provide services that people want: one recent study estimated that consumers value online search alone at a level which is equal to about half of media income. Rather than assessing likely short-term trends in specific digital markets, they need to be able to estimate the potential long-term costs.
This is no easy task, because there is no standard methodology (方法) for estimating uncertain futures. Economists ever disagree on how to measure static consumer valuations of free digital goods such as online search and social media. And although the idea that competition operates dynamically through firms entering and exiting the market dates back at least to Joseph Schumpeter, the standard approach is still to look at competition among similar companies producing similar goods at a point in time.
The characteristics of digital technology pose a great challenge to the entire discipline. As I pointed out more than 20 years ago, the digital economy is “weightless”. Moreover, many digital goods are non-rival “public goods”. You can use software code without stopping others from doing so, whereas only one person can wear the same pair of shoes.
4. What makes the regulators worry about the tech giants
A. Market dominance. B. Market profits. C. Digital high-tech. D. Economic stability.
5. How does a digital platform get profits
A. By enlarging the platform. B. By collecting more data.
C By avoiding network effects. D. By encouraging innovation.
6. What causes the difficulty in estimating a digital company
①Lack of standard methodology. ②Disagreements among economists.
③Innovation from producers. ④Use of digital products at the same time.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
7. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A business magazine. B. A science report.
C. A marketing guide. D. An IT textbook.
C
It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽的), rather than overt, in humans
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
8. What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out
A. Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell.
B. Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells.
C Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people.
D. Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction.
9. What makes the first two sets of experiments different from each other
A. The way to make comparisons. B. The participation of random pairs.
C. The way volunteers used the eNose. D. The number of pairs of click friends.
10. Why did Ravreby involve complete strangers in the following experiments
A. To determine the reliability of the finding.
B. To avoid interactions between click friends.
C. To make the experiments much more interesting.
D. To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis.
11. What is Sobel’s attitude towards the research finding
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
D
“Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity,” wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a coat’s journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric. But with the improvement in people’s living standards, that model is mind-boggling in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival of the second-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashion website Asos sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action.
For some buyers and sellers, the switch to the second-hand is born of financial difficulties. Only a few have become worried about the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. Some people worry that some mainstream brands may “greenwash” — using second-hand goods to improve their image, rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability.
However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). Boohoo, a powerful fast fashion company, has seen sales and profits rise, despite concerns about environmental problems in its supply chain that led to an investigation last year.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us. A love of style is not a bad or an unimportant thing. But a committed relationship is better than a quick flash. Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as others’
12. What does the word “mind-boggling” underlined in paragraph 1 probably mean
A Unbelievable. B. Popular. C. Reasonable. D. Influential.
13. With the business mentioned in paragraph 2, the author wants to show _______.
A. old clothes are more popular than new pieces
B. the online second-hand markets are booming
C. the fashion world begins to favor vintage clothes
D. many clothing brands are innovative in their new products
14. How does the second-hand trade impact people according to paragraph 4
A. It makes people feel free to pursue fast fashion.
B. It makes people more cautious about their budgets.
C. It encourages people to choose eco-friendly clothes.
D. It pushes people to be more engaged with sustainability.
15. Which of the following views does Worn Stories advocate
A. Old items have lost favor with the public.
B. Old items are worthy of being long cherished.
C. Older generations attach great importance to old items.
D. Older generations care about the quality of their clothes.
第二节(共5题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dive into icy depths may not sound appealing. _____16_____ though, especially for those who are enthusiastic about cold-water therapy. Participants claim jumping into or swimming in water no warmer than 15 degrees Celsius leaves them energetic and clear-headed, and even relieves pain.
Cold-water therapy has become more mainstream in recent years, in part due to the influence of Wim Hof, a famous Dutch extreme athlete who developed his own method of cold therapy coupled with conscious-breathing techniques. _____17_____. 2,000 years ago, ancient Greeks used water therapy to relieve fatigue and treat fever.
In Scandinavian countries, a traditional sauna (桑拿) session is sometimes followed by a cold swimming. _____18_____. High-performance athletes also use ice baths or cold showers to help reduce the delayed-onset muscle pains that follows intense exercise. And recent research suggests impressive benefits for mental health and stress management.
“_____19_____,” says Harper Phillie, one of a study’s authors. Swimming is also good exercise and often a social activity, which helps to get rid of anxiety and allows the body to feel both pleasure and motivation. Harper has been cold-water swimming for nearly two decades and compares the stress of cold-water therapy to that of intense exercise. “Done safely, it’s a pretty effective way to train the body,” he says. “But if you’ve got a heart condition, you have to be careful.”
If open water isn’t your thing, consider cold showers. For those wanting to try cold-water swimming in a lake or ocean, ease into it with short exposure times—just long enough for your body to get past the shock. _____20_____ and always swim with a friend. Gradually increase the time you spend in cold water to three or four minutes, at least once a week. “That’s all you need to get the benefits,” says Harper.
A. Cold exposure increases “feel-good” hormones
B. The cold shock may hurt you
C. It made him popular among the cold-water enthusiasts
D. Never start by submerging your entire body in at once
E. Changing between hot and cold temperatures enables blood to move quicker in the skin
F. But it’s not a new trend
G. The benefits greatly outweigh any short-term discomfort
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完型填空(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I have struggled with feelings of unworthiness since forever. My most painful moments were at parties. My friends made fun of me because I was rhythmically (有节奏地)_____21_____ and I couldn’t get my_____22_____ body to imitate the latest dance moves. I was never chosen to dance. I felt like I didn’t_____23_____.
Around age 12, I decided that the way to_____24_____ these feelings of unworthiness was perfection. If I was just perfect then I would fit in. But this strategy didn’t_____25_____.My self-esteem (自尊心) was high when I got good grades and felt_____26_____, but crashed when I didn’t do well_____27_____, or was left out.
After several years of spiritual growth, it_____28_____ me that for many of us, self-worth is tied to our_____29_____. We experience low self-worth_____30_____ we fail or lose approval. So I have begun to cultivate an unconditional self-worth. It’s not about doing things perfectly._____31_____, “Unconditional self-worth” is the___32___ that you deserve to be alive, to be loved and cared for.
The_____33_____ to unconditional self-worth is not always easy. It takes courage to free yourself from the _____34_____ you’ve placed on your worth. But this journey is beautiful and worth taking. So I challenge you to embrace yourselves and find your metaphorical (隐喻的) _____35_____ floor and move freely.
21.
A. adjusted B. bothered C. challenged D. compromised
22.
A. twisted B. annoyed C. limited D. awkward
23.
A. belong B. appeal C. match D. deserve
24.
A. solve B. cure C. release D. arouse
25.
A. sustain B. work C. hatch D. dismiss
26.
A. included B. excluded C. inspired D. appreciated
27.
A. internally B. academically C. professionally D. contemporarily
28.
A. occurs to B. happens to C. calls on D. knocks on
29.
A. desires B. strengths C. accomplishments D. harmony
30.
A. as well as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as far as
31.
A. Still B. However C. Meanwhile D. Rather
32.
A. definition B. resolution C. sense D. pose
33.
A. discovery B. access C. journey D. experience
34.
A. emphasis B. burden C. demand D. conditions
35.
A. valley B. forest C. dance D. balcony
第二节 短文语法填空(共10题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be _____36_____ (capacity) of helping you, because they _____37_____ (learn) all the time from large amounts of data from both tests and images. Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have gone to great _____38_____ (long) to train an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, _____39_____ consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed _____40_____ set of 10, 000 photos.
The AI then learned about the brain activities on the basis of the _____41_____ (analyze)of changes in blood flow and then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
_____42_____ (ultimate), the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a vague airplane. Then, it would turn _____43_____ the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of _____44_____ (accurate), according to the researchers.
The new study created a novel approach to ______45______ (combine) texts and images to “decode the brain”. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校交流生Tom最近对太极拳这项体育运动特别感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封信，向他介绍太极拳并邀请他加入学校的太极拳社团。内容包括：
1.太极拳的历史和文化;
2.太极拳对身心的好处;
3.邀请他加入社团。
注意：1.总词数80词左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。
Lots of times, I’ve looked at that tree on the sandbank across the estuary (渡口). One day, I’m sitting on the beach with my friend Duncan. The tide is in, it’s all the way across to the sandbank. "I could swim to that tree,” I say.
“Go on, then,” says Duncan. I put down my towel and walk to the edge. I surge into the water with three heaves of butterfly stroke (蝶泳), just to feel how strong I am in the water and how the sun feels on my back as I fling out of the sea like a fish.
One, two, three, I’m breathing steadily and my arms are lifting in rhythm (有节奏地). Then I remember that story in the paper last week. A man jumped into the water and grabbed a shark by its tail. How could I forget that shark I’m sprinting (冲刺) through the water, which is suddenly so immense (无边无际的), so deep. Soon my arms and legs feel heavy. It’s that feeling I get at the end of a race when I’ve given it everything.
I’ve got to pace myself, I think. The tree is far off ahead somewhere. When I turn and look back at Duncan, he seems so far away. I must be nearly halfway, I think. I tread water for a moment, looking across at my tree.
It hasn’t come any closer. Up out of the sea I rise in a butterfly surge, breathing one, two, three, “It’s easier,” I say to myself, even though I can now feel the tugging (拖、拽) of the outgoing tide, and the salt water slaps my face more than I want.
I must be nearly there, I think, and stop and look back at Duncan. His T-shirt is just a red blur (模糊不清的事物) on the beach. I smile to myself, thinking that not many people would do this swim, but I can. I turn my head to look for my tree.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But something was wrong.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My heart stops pounding (怦怦跳) in my ears so much.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力：1-5：CCBBA 6-10: BCBBC 11-15: AACBA 16-20: BCBAB江苏省常州高级中学
2023～2024学年第一学期期末质量检查高二年级
英语试卷
说明：1.以下题目的答案请全部填写在答卷纸上。
2.本卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman doing now
A. Watching TV. B. Taking part in an activity. C. Preparing for an exam.
2 Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In an office. B. In a store. C. In a hotel.
3. When will the speakers meet
A. At 6: 20. B. At 6: 10. C. At 5: 40.
4. In which country does Jane want to spend her holiday
A. America. B. Korea. C. Japan.
5. What do we know about the woman
A. She is fired. B. She didn’t work hard. C. She can take a day off tomorrow.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What could the man be
A. A taxi driver. B. A policeman. C. A hotel clerk.
7. Where does the woman think she lost her cell phone
A. In a park. B. In a supermarket. C. On her way to the hotel.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Where will The Magic Flute be on this weekend
A. At the Orpheum theatre. B. At the Caldonion theatre.
C. At the Poseidon theatre.
9. What will the man do tonight
A. Invite Joan to dinner. B. Give Joan a call. C. Buy tickets.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What is Isabel’s
A. A restaurant. B. A toy shop. C. A clothing shop.
11. Who bought an evening dress
A. Cindy. B. Wendy. C. Mrs. Miles.
12. What will the speakers do first
A. Refuel the car. B. Go to a party. C. Have lunch.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the man
A. A salesman. B. A teacher. C. A student.
14. What is the second point being talked about
A. The man’s education. B. The man’s marriage. C. The man’s demand.
15. How does the man find the job
A. Challenging. B. Relaxing. C. Interesting.
16. What will the man do
A. Have another interview. B. Wait for the reply. C. Think about the business trips.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did the speaker like best
A. Big Ben. B. Tower Bridge. C. The Tower of London.
18. Where did the speaker take a photo
A. At Trafalgar Square. B. At Madame Tussauds.
C. At the Royal Shakespeare Theater.
19. How old are the houses in Stratford
A. About 500 years old. B. About 1, 000 years old.
C. About 2, 000 years old.
20. Why does the speaker give the message
A. To introduce his blog. B. To tell about his trip in England.
C. To recommend people to visit London.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In the Commonwealth Games England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have separate Olympics teams, unlike the Olympics where they compete together as Britain.
What are the Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games are held every four years between members of the Commonwealth of Nations—a group of independent countries, most of which used to be part of the Britain. The Games were first held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. The event was named the Commonwealth Games in 1978.
The history of the Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games have been held every four years since they started and have grown much bigger. At the first Commonwealth Games, only 11 nations and 400 athletes were involved in six sports. For a long time, the Games only included individual sports such as athletics, boxing and swimming. In 1998, team sports such as cricket, hockey and netball were introduced. The Commonwealth Games have featured many fantastic feats and the athletes have broken a wide range of records.
Paralympic progress
At the 2002 Manchester Commonwealth Games, Canadian athlete Chantal Petitclerc became the first athlete with a disability to win a gold medal in the wheelchair 800-meter race. She said, “It meant so much to me that the Commonwealth Games decided that a performance is a performance-and it doesn’t matter if you accomplish it in a wheelchair. Paralympic athletes continue to take part in the Commonwealth Cames’ main sports programs, and many have broken records and made history.
1. Which countries take part in the Commonwealth Games
A. Independent countries. B. Members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
C. The former members of the Britain. D. All the countries from around the world.
2. How many sports were there at the first Commonwealth Games
A. 11. B. 4. C. 6. D. 400.
3. Why do Paralympic athletes compete in the Commonwealth Games
A. To make historic records. B. To enjoy sports programs with other athletes.
C. To show their disabilities. D. To prove themselves with good performance.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英联邦运动会的历史以及残奥会的进展。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In the Commonwealth Games England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have separate Olympics teams, unlike the Olympics where they compete together as Britain. (在英联邦运动会上，英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰有各自的奥运代表队，而在奥运会上，他们是作为英国参赛。)”可知，英联邦成员国参加英联邦运动会。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“At the first Commonwealth Games, only 11 nations and 400 athletes were involved in six sports. (在第一届英联邦运动会上，只有11个国家和400名运动员参加了6个项目。)”可知，第一届英联邦运动会有6个运动项目。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Paralympic athletes continue to take part in the Commonwealth Cames’ main sports programs, and many have broken records and made history. (残奥运动员继续参加英联邦运动会的主要体育项目，许多人打破了记录，创造了历史。)”可知，残奥会运动员参加英联邦运动会是为了用好的表现来证明自己。故选D。
B
One of the biggest concerns about today’s tech giants is their market power. In many countries, Google, Facebook, and Amazon dominate online search, social media, and online retail respectively. And yet economists have largely failed to address these concerns in a proper way. To help regulators as they struggle to address this market concentration, we must make economics itself more relevant to the digital age.
Digital markets often become highly concentrated, with one dominant firm, because larger players enjoy significant returns. For example, data generation plays a self reinforcing (自我强化的) rule; more data improves the service, which brings more users, and then generates more data.
As several recent reports have pointed out, the digital economy poses a problem for competition policy. Competition is vital for boosting productivity and long term growth, because it drives out inefficient producers and encourages innovation. Yet how can this happen when there are such dominant players
Today’s digital giants provide services that people want: one recent study estimated that consumers value online search alone at a level which is equal to about half of media income. Rather than assessing likely short-term trends in specific digital markets, they need to be able to estimate the potential long-term costs.
This is no easy task, because there is no standard methodology (方法) for estimating uncertain futures. Economists ever disagree on how to measure static consumer valuations of free digital goods such as online search and social media. And although the idea that competition operates dynamically through firms entering and exiting the market dates back at least to Joseph Schumpeter, the standard approach is still to look at competition among similar companies producing similar goods at a point in time.
The characteristics of digital technology pose a great challenge to the entire discipline. As I pointed out more than 20 years ago, the digital economy is “weightless”. Moreover, many digital goods are non-rival “public goods”. You can use software code without stopping others from doing so, whereas only one person can wear the same pair of shoes.
4. What makes the regulators worry about the tech giants
A. Market dominance. B. Market profits. C. Digital high-tech. D. Economic stability.
5. How does a digital platform get profits
A. By enlarging the platform. B. By collecting more data.
C. By avoiding network effects. D. By encouraging innovation.
6. What causes the difficulty in estimating a digital company
①Lack of standard methodology. ②Disagreements among economists.
③Innovation from producers. ④Use of digital products at the same time.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
7. Where does the passage probably come from
A. A business magazine. B. A science report.
C. A marketing guide. D. An IT textbook.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科技巨头的市场支配地位让监管机构担心，说明了评估一家数字化公司存在困难的几点原因。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the biggest concerns about today’s tech giants is their market power. In many countries, Google, Facebook, and Amazon dominate online search, social media, and online retail respectively.(当今科技巨头最大的担忧之一是它们的市场力量。在许多国家，谷歌、Facebook和亚马逊分别主导着在线搜索、社交媒体和在线零售)”可知，科技巨头的市场支配地位让监管机构担心。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Digital markets often become highly concentrated, with one dominant firm, because larger players enjoy significant returns. For example, data generation plays a self reinforcing (自我强化的) rule; more data improves the service, which brings more users, and then generates more data.(数字市场往往高度集中，一家公司占主导地位，因为规模较大的参与者享有可观的回报。例如，数据生成是一种自我强化规则；数据越多，服务越好，用户越多，数据就越多)”可知，数字平台通过收集更多的数据来获得利润。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This is no easy task, because there is no standard methodology (方法) for estimating uncertain futures. Economists ever disagree on how to measure static consumer valuations of free digital goods such as online search and social media.(这不是一件容易的事，因为没有标准的方法来估计不确定的未来。对于如何衡量消费者对在线搜索和社交媒体等免费数字产品的静态估值，经济学家一直存在分歧)”以及最后一段“Moreover, many digital goods are non-rival “public goods”. (此外，许多数字产品是非竞争性的“公共产品”)”可知，缺乏标准的方法、经济学家之间的分歧以及同时使用数码产品导致了评估一家数字化公司的困难。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One of the biggest concerns about today’s tech giants is their market power. In many countries, Google, Facebook, and Amazon dominate online search, social media, and online retail respectively. And yet economists have largely failed to address these concerns in a proper way. To help regulators as they struggle to address this market concentration, we must make economics itself more relevant to the digital age.(当今科技巨头最大的担忧之一是它们的市场力量。在许多国家，谷歌、Facebook和亚马逊分别主导着在线搜索、社交媒体和在线零售。然而，经济学家在很大程度上未能以适当的方式解决这些担忧。为了帮助监管机构应对这种市场集中度问题，我们必须让经济学本身与数字时代更加相关)”结合文章，本文主要说明了科技巨头的市场支配地位让监管机构担心，说明了评估一家数字化公司存在困难的几点原因。可推知，文章选自商业杂志。故选A。
C
It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽), rather than overt, in humans
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
8. What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out
A. Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell.
B. Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells.
C. Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people.
D. Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction.
9. What makes the first two sets of experiments different from each other
A. The way to make comparisons. B. The participation of random pairs.
C. The way volunteers used the eNose. D. The number of pairs of click friends.
10. Why did Ravreby involve complete strangers in the following experiments
A. To determine the reliability of the finding.
B. To avoid interactions between click friends.
C. To make the experiments much more interesting.
D. To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis.
11. What is Sobel’s attitude towards the research finding
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful.
C. Positive. D. Indifferent.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员进行研究，证明人类的鼻子在选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do Or is this behavior covert, rather than overt, in humans (据报道，嗅觉在除人类之外的所有陆地动物的社会互动中起着主导作用。那么问题来了：这是因为人类不像其他陆地动物那样在社交环境中使用鼻子吗？或者人类的这种行为是隐蔽的，而不是公开的？)”以及第二段“In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer.(事实上，这正是魏兹曼脑科学系诺姆·索贝尔教授实验室的研究生Inbal Ravreby试图回答的问题)”可推知，Inbal Ravreby想弄清楚的是嗅觉是否在人类的互动中起作用。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.(在一组实验中，她与一种叫做电子鼻或者eNose的电子设备进行了比较，该设备评估了气味的化学特征。另一组实验中，她让志愿者闻两组体味样本，以评估人类感知的相似性。在这两种类型的实验中，点击好友的气味明显比随机配对的人更相似)”可知，两组实验中，进行比较时，所使用的方式不同。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal social interactions in pairs.(接下来，为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，在实验中，她使用eNose来“闻”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后让他们两人进行非言语社交互动)”可知，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，让完全陌生的志愿者参与实验，是为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果这一可能性，确定发现的可靠性。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.(不过，我们的研究结果确实表明，我们的鼻子在我们选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大)”可推知，索贝尔肯定了研究的结果，对于研究结果的态度是赞同的。故选C项。
D
“Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity,” wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a coat’s journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric. But with the improvement in people’s living standards, that model is mind-boggling in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival of the second-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashion website Asos sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action.
For some buyers and sellers, the switch to the second-hand is born of financial difficulties. Only a few have become worried about the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. Some people worry that some mainstream brands may “greenwash” — using second-hand goods to improve their image, rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability.
However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). Boohoo, a powerful fast fashion company, has seen sales and profits rise, despite concerns about environmental problems in its supply chain that led to an investigation last year.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us. A love of style is not a bad or an unimportant thing. But a committed relationship is better than a quick flash. Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as others’
12. What does the word “mind-boggling” underlined in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Unbelievable. B. Popular. C. Reasonable. D. Influential.
13. With the business mentioned in paragraph 2, the author wants to show _______.
A. old clothes are more popular than new pieces
B. the online second-hand markets are booming
C. the fashion world begins to favor vintage clothes
D. many clothing brands are innovative in their new products
14. How does the second-hand trade impact people according to paragraph 4
A. It makes people feel free to pursue fast fashion.
B. It makes people more cautious about their budgets.
C. It encourages people to choose eco-friendly clothes.
D. It pushes people to be more engaged with sustainability.
15. Which of the following views does Worn Stories advocate
A. Old items have lost favor with the public.
B. Old items are worthy of being long cherished.
C. Older generations attach great importance to old items.
D. Older generations care about the quality of their clothes.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与从前反复使用衣服的模式不同，现在大家往往追逐快时尚，造成了很大浪费，不过网上二手市场正在蓬勃发展，但只有少部分人是真的认识到了自己的购物习惯对地球的影响，而且一些主流品牌有可能会借此机会来“洗绿”，很多人有可能会继续购买。文章指出，虽然追求风格无可厚非，但是学会欣赏旧衣服实际上是很有意义的。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“as he traced a coat’s journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric (他追溯了一件大衣在上个世纪的历程：反复清洗、修理和转售；缩为成更小件的；最终被回收制成新的织物)”可知，以前的衣服会被反复多次使用，再结合表示转折意义的“But”和划线词的下文“The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year. (英国消费者平均每月购买四件商品。据报道，英国每年有35万吨用过但还能穿的衣服被送往垃圾填埋场)”可知，现在情况和以前不同，衣服更迭速度很快，很多衣服被浪费了。由此可知，以前衣服循环使用的模式在现在快时尚的时代是令人难以置信的，划线词意思应该与unbelievable“令人难以置信的”一致。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“At fashion website Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action. (在时尚网站Asos，古着的销量增长了92%。衣服曾经是出于需要而穿，现在它只是一种生活方式。忙碌的家庭在eBay上出售二手物品，青少年在Depop上交易，一些时尚人士在Vestiaire Collective上出售设计师品牌。引人注目的是，它已经成为一个足够大的业务，主流零售商也想分一杯羹)”可知，网络二手交易销量增长，不同的人群在不同的平台交易二手衣服，主流零售商甚至也想参与其中。由此推知，作者是想说明网上二手市场正在蓬勃发展。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). (然而，最大的担忧可能是，人们继续购买，因为他们知道他们可以转售商品，仍然在追求下一次购买的乐趣，但良心上有所放松)”可知，二手交易业务让人们有了处理已购商品的方法，解除了购买不必要衣服的愧疚感，可以继续购买衣服，即让人们可以自由地追求快时尚。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for us. (Netflix的一部新剧《旧衣往事》记录了衣服的情感含义：每一件旧衣服都充满了回忆。其实，祖母送的手提包和父亲送的围巾对我们来说都很有价值)”可知，这部剧表明旧衣服具有情感含义，充满回忆，富有价值。由此推知，它主张的是“旧东西值得长期珍藏”。故选B项。
第二节(共5题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dive into icy depths may not sound appealing. _____16_____ though, especially for those who are enthusiastic about cold-water therapy. Participants claim jumping into or swimming in water no warmer than 15 degrees Celsius leaves them energetic and clear-headed, and even relieves pain.
Cold-water therapy has become more mainstream in recent years, in part due to the influence of Wim Hof, a famous Dutch extreme athlete who developed his own method of cold therapy coupled with conscious-breathing techniques. _____17_____. 2,000 years ago, ancient Greeks used water therapy to relieve fatigue and treat fever.
In Scandinavian countries, a traditional sauna (桑拿) session is sometimes followed by a cold swimming. _____18_____. High-performance athletes also use ice baths or cold showers to help reduce the delayed-onset muscle pains that follows intense exercise. And recent research suggests impressive benefits for mental health and stress management.
“_____19_____,” says Harper Phillie, one of a study’s authors. Swimming is also good exercise and often a social activity, which helps to get rid of anxiety and allows the body to feel both pleasure and motivation. Harper has been cold-water swimming for nearly two decades and compares the stress of cold-water therapy to that of intense exercise. “Done safely, it’s a pretty effective way to train the body,” he says. “But if you’ve got a heart condition, you have to be careful.”
If open water isn’t your thing, consider cold showers. For those wanting to try cold-water swimming in a lake or ocean, ease into it with short exposure times—just long enough for your body to get past the shock. _____20_____ and always swim with a friend. Gradually increase the time you spend in cold water to three or four minutes, at least once a week. “That’s all you need to get the benefits,” says Harper.
A Cold exposure increases “feel-good” hormones
B. The cold shock may hurt you
C. It made him popular among the cold-water enthusiasts
D. Never start by submerging your entire body in at once
E. Changing between hot and cold temperatures enables blood to move quicker in the skin
F. But it’s not a new trend
G. The benefits greatly outweigh any short-term discomfort
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. E 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了进行冷水浴的历史以及好处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Dive into icy depths may not sound appealing. (潜入冰冷的深处听起来可能并不吸引人。)”以及后文“Participants claim jumping into or swimming in water no warmer than 15 degrees Celsius leaves them energetic and clear-headed, and even relieves pain. (参与者称，跳入或在温度不超过15摄氏度的水中游泳能让他们精力充沛、头脑清醒，甚至还能缓解疼痛。)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出潜入冰水中存在好处。故G选项“益处远远超过任何短期的不适”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据后文“2,000 years ago, ancient Greeks used water therapy to relieve fatigue and treat fever. (2000年前，古希腊人用水疗法来缓解疲劳和治疗发烧。)”可知，后文表明这一做法是有历史渊源的，不是刚出现的。故F选项“但这不是一个新趋势。”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“In Scandinavian countries, a traditional sauna (桑拿) session is sometimes followed by a cold swimming. (在斯堪的纳维亚国家，传统的桑拿浴后有时会进行冷水泳。)”以及后文“High-performance athletes also use ice baths or cold showers to help reduce the delayed-onset muscle pains that follows intense exercise. (高水平的运动员也使用冰浴或冷水澡来帮助减少高强度运动后延迟发作的肌肉疼痛。)”可知，本句承接上文说明传统的桑拿浴后有时会进行冷水泳这一做法的原因。故E选项“在冷热温度之间的变化使血液在皮肤中流动得更快。”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据后文“says Harper Phillie, one of a study’s authors. Swimming is also good exercise and often a social activity, which helps to get rid of anxiety and allows the body to feel both pleasure and motivation. (该研究的作者之一哈珀·菲利说。游泳也是一种很好的运动，经常是一种社交活动，它有助于摆脱焦虑，让身体感受到快乐和动力。)”可知，本句主要是研究作者哈珀·菲利的言论，且后文提到了游泳的好处，可知本句是在说明某种好处。故A选项“暴露在寒冷中会增加‘感觉良好’的荷尔蒙”符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If open water isn’t your thing, consider cold showers. For those wanting to try cold-water swimming in a lake or ocean, ease into it with short exposure times—just long enough for your body to get past the shock. (如果你不喜欢露天水域，可以考虑冷水澡。对于那些想尝试在湖泊或海洋中冷水游泳的人来说，尽量缩短暴露时间——只要足够你的身体度过休克就可以了。)”以及后文“and always swim with a friend (和朋友一起游泳。)”可知，本句主要是在说明进行冷水浴的注意事项。故D选项“不要一开始就把整个身体浸入水中”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完型填空(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I have struggled with feelings of unworthiness since forever. My most painful moments were at parties. My friends made fun of me because I was rhythmically (有节奏地)_____21_____ and I couldn’t get my_____22_____ body to imitate the latest dance moves. I was never chosen to dance. I felt like I didn’t_____23_____.
Around age 12, I decided that the way to_____24_____ these feelings of unworthiness was perfection. If I was just perfect then I would fit in. But this strategy didn’t_____25_____.My self-esteem (自尊心) was high when I got good grades and felt_____26_____, but crashed when I didn’t do well_____27_____, or was left out.
After several years of spiritual growth, it_____28_____ me that for many of us, self-worth is tied to our_____29_____. We experience low self-worth_____30_____ we fail or lose approval. So I have begun to cultivate an unconditional self-worth. It’s not about doing things perfectly._____31_____, “Unconditional self-worth” is the___32___ that you deserve to be alive, to be loved and cared for.
The_____33_____ to unconditional self-worth is not always easy. It takes courage to free yourself from the _____34_____ you’ve placed on your worth. But this journey is beautiful and worth taking. So I challenge you to embrace yourselves and find your metaphorical (隐喻的) _____35_____ floor and move freely.
21.
A. adjusted B. bothered C. challenged D. compromised
22.
A. twisted B. annoyed C. limited D. awkward
23.
A. belong B. appeal C. match D. deserve
24.
A. solve B. cure C. release D. arouse
25.
A. sustain B. work C. hatch D. dismiss
26.
A. included B. excluded C. inspired D. appreciated
27.
A. internally B. academically C. professionally D. contemporarily
28.
A. occurs to B. happens to C. calls on D. knocks on
29.
A. desires B. strengths C. accomplishments D. harmony
30.
A. as well as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as far as
31.
A. Still B. However C. Meanwhile D. Rather
32.
A. definition B. resolution C. sense D. pose
33.
A. discovery B. access C. journey D. experience
34.
A. emphasis B. burden C. demand D. conditions
35.
A. valley B. forest C. dance D. balcony
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了作者因为身体笨拙而被朋友们取笑，从而感到自己不属于这里。于是作者决定治愈这些无价值感的方法就是追求完美，但是没有奏效。经过几年的精神成长，作者突然意识到，对我们中的许多人来说，自我价值与我们的成就联系在一起。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们取笑我，因为我在节奏上受到挑战，而且我无法让我笨拙的身体模仿最新的舞蹈动作。A. adjusted调整；B. bothered麻烦；C. challenged挑战；D. compromised妥协。根据上文“I have struggled with feelings of unworthiness since forever. My most painful moments were at parties.(从那以后，我就一直在与自我价值感作斗争。我最痛苦的时刻是在聚会上)”可知，朋友取笑作者是因为在节奏上受到挑战，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们取笑我，因为我在节奏上受到挑战，而且我无法让我笨拙的身体模仿最新的舞蹈动作。A. twisted扭曲的；B. annoyed生气的；C. limited有限的；D. awkward笨拙的。根据后文“body to imitate the latest dance moves”以及上文提到被朋友取笑可知作者身体笨拙。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我不属于这里。A. belong属于；B. appeal吸引；C. match匹配；D. deserve值得。根据上文“I was never chosen to dance.(我从来没有被选中跳舞)”可知，作者从来没有被选中跳舞，所以感到自己不属于这里。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在12岁的时候，我决定治愈这些无价值感的方法就是追求完美。A. solve解决；B. cure治愈；C. release释放；D. arouse唤醒。根据后文“these feelings of unworthiness was perfection”可知，追求完美是作者治愈无价值感的方法。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这个策略没有奏效。A. sustain维持；B. work奏效，工作；C. hatch孵化；D. dismiss解散。根据上文“But this strategy didn’t”中but表示转折，可知这个策略没有奏效。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我取得好成绩并感到被包容时，我的自尊心很高，但当我在学业上表现不好或被冷落时，我的自尊心就会崩溃。A. included包括，成为……一部分；B. excluded排除；C. inspired鼓舞；D. appreciated感激。根据上文“My self-esteem was high when I got good grades and felt”可知，作者取得好成绩并感到被包容时，自尊心很高，故选A。
27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我取得好成绩并感到被包容时，我的自尊心很高，但当我在学业上表现不好或被冷落时，我的自尊心就会崩溃。A. internally在国内；B. academically学术上；C. professionally专业地；D. contemporarily当今。根据上文“when I got good grades”可知，指学术表现不好的时候，作者自尊心会崩溃。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几年的精神成长，我突然意识到，对我们中的许多人来说，自我价值与我们的成就联系在一起。A. occurs to被想起；B. happens to碰巧；C. calls on拜访；D. knocks on敲击。根据上文“me that for many of us, self-worth is tied to our”可知，此处指作者突然想到，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几年的精神成长，我突然意识到，对我们中的许多人来说，自我价值与我们的成就联系在一起。A. desires渴望；B. strengths优点；C. accomplishments成就；D. harmony和谐。根据上文“self-worth is tied to our”可知，此处指自我价值与我们的成就联系在一起。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：一旦我们失败或失去认可，我们就会感到自卑。A. as well as也；B. as soon as一……就……；C. as much as与……一样多；D. as far as在……范围内。引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”应用as soon as。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，“无条件的自我价值”是一种你值得活着，值得被爱和被关心的感觉。A. Still仍然；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Rather相反，相当。根据上文“It’s not about doing things perfectly.(这不是把事情做得完美)”以及后文““Unconditional self-worth” is the”可知，指这不是把事情做得完美，相反，“无条件的自我价值”是一种你值得活着，值得被爱和被关心的感觉。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，“无条件的自我价值”是一种你值得活着，值得被爱和被关心的感觉。A. definition定义；B. resolution解决；C. sense感觉；D. pose造成。根据后文“you deserve to be alive, to be loved and cared for”可知，一种你值得活着，值得被爱和被关心的感觉。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通往无条件自我价值的旅程并不总是那么容易。A. discovery发现；B. access使用；C. journey旅程；D. experience经历。根据后文“to unconditional self-worth”可知，通往无条件自我价值的旅程并不总是那么容易。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：把自己从自己的价值条件中解放出来需要勇气。A. emphasis强调；B. burden负担；C. demand要求；D. conditions条件。根据后文“you’ve placed on your worth”可知，把自己从自己的价值条件中解放出来需要勇气。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我向你们挑战，拥抱你们自己，找到你们隐喻的舞池，自由地舞动。A. valley山谷；B. forest森林；C. dance舞蹈；D. balcony阳台。根据上文“imitate the latest dance moves”以及后文“floor and move freely”此处指找到你们隐喻的舞池，自由地舞动。故选C。
第二节 短文语法填空(共10题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be _____36_____ (capacity) of helping you, because they _____37_____ (learn) all the time from large amounts of data from both tests and images. Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have gone to great _____38_____ (long) to train an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, _____39_____ consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed _____40_____ set of 10, 000 photos.
The AI then learned about the brain activities on the basis of the _____41_____ (analyze)of changes in blood flow and then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
_____42_____ (ultimate), the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a vague airplane. Then, it would turn _____43_____ the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of _____44_____ (accurate), according to the researchers.
The new study created a novel approach to ______45______ (combine) texts and images to “decode the brain”. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams.
【答案】36. capable
37. have been learning
38. lengths
39. which 40. a
41. analysis
42. Ultimately
43. on 44. accuracy
bining
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以帮助人们想起昨晚做的梦。在未来，科学家们希望这项技术可以用来记录想象中的想法和梦想。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人工智能（AI）也许能够帮助你，因为它们一直在从大量的测试和图像数据中学习。作表语，应用形容词capable，故填capable。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：人工智能（AI）也许能够帮助你，因为它们一直在从大量的测试和图像数据中学习。根据all the time可知表示过去发生的动作不间断持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have been learning。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：日本大阪大学的研究人员竭尽全力训练一种名为“稳定扩散”的人工智能系统，以根据人们的脑部扫描重建图像。表示“竭尽全力”短语为go to great lengths。故填lengths。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员使用了美国明尼苏达大学提供的在线数据集，其中包括四名参与者在观看一组10000张照片时的脑部扫描。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词data，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：研究人员使用了美国明尼苏达大学提供的在线数据集，其中包括四名参与者在观看一组10000张照片时的脑部扫描。表示“一组”短语为a set of。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后，人工智能在分析血流变化的基础上了解大脑活动，然后将大脑活动与照片进行匹配。作介词of的宾语，应用名词analysis，此处指血流变化的分析，用单数。故填analysis。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：最终，研究人员在这些参与者观看玩具熊、飞机、时钟和火车的照片时，对人工智能进行了额外的脑部扫描。修饰后文句子应用副词ultimately，首字母大写。故填Ultimately。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：然后，它会打开之前的“文本到图像”模型，并通过输入关键字“飞机”来提高图像的质量。短语turn on表示“打开”。故填on。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据研究人员的说法，最终的图像“令人信服”，准确率约为80%。作介词的宾语，应用名词accuracy，不可数。故填accuracy。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新研究创造了一种结合文本和图像来“解码大脑”的新方法。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填combining。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校交流生Tom最近对太极拳这项体育运动特别感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封信，向他介绍太极拳并邀请他加入学校的太极拳社团。内容包括：
1.太极拳的历史和文化;
2.太极拳对身心的好处;
3.邀请他加入社团。
注意：1.总词数80词左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Delighted to know you are interested in tai chi, I’m writing to share with you something about it.
Tai chi, rooted in the philosophy of yin and yang, was said to have been invented and developed based on martial arts which have a long-standing practice of imitating animals. That’s why some tai chi moves are named after animals.
Practicing tai chi can bring about a state of physical balance and mental peace, which has a positive effect on our everyday life. Why not join our tai chi club and enjoy its benefits
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生假定是李华，你校交流生Tom最近对太极拳这项体育运动特别感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封信，向他介绍太极拳并邀请他加入学校的太极拳社团。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：delighted→glad
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
产生：bring about→contribute to
影响：effect→impact
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Delighted to know you are interested in tai chi, I’m writing to share with you something about it.
拓展句：Since you are interested in tai chi, I’m writing to share with you something about it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Tai chi, rooted in the philosophy of yin and yang, was said to have been invented and developed based on martial arts which have a long-standing practice of imitating animals. (运用了which引导定语从句和非谓语动词作定语)
[高分句型2] That’s why some tai chi moves are named after animals. (运用了why引导表语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。
Lots of times, I’ve looked at that tree on the sandbank across the estuary (渡口). One day, I’m sitting on the beach with my friend Duncan. The tide is in, it’s all the way across to the sandbank. "I could swim to that tree,” I say.
“Go on, then,” says Duncan. I put down my towel and walk to the edge. I surge into the water with three heaves of butterfly stroke (蝶泳), just to feel how strong I am in the water and how the sun feels on my back as I fling out of the sea like a fish.
One, two, three, I’m breathing steadily and my arms are lifting in rhythm (有节奏地). Then I remember that story in the paper last week. A man jumped into the water and grabbed a shark by its tail. How could I forget that shark I’m sprinting (冲刺) through the water, which is suddenly so immense (无边无际的), so deep. Soon my arms and legs feel heavy. It’s that feeling I get at the end of a race when I’ve given it everything.
I’ve got to pace myself, I think. The tree is far off ahead somewhere. When I turn and look back at Duncan, he seems so far away. I must be nearly halfway, I think. I tread water for a moment, looking across at my tree.
It hasn’t come any closer. Up out of the sea I rise in a butterfly surge, breathing one, two, three, “It’s easier,” I say to myself, even though I can now feel the tugging (拖、拽) of the outgoing tide, and the salt water slaps my face more than I want.
I must be nearly there, I think, and stop and look back at Duncan. His T-shirt is just a red blur (模糊不清的事物) on the beach. I smile to myself, thinking that not many people would do this swim, but I can. I turn my head to look for my tree.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But something was wrong.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My heart stops pounding (怦怦跳) in my ears so much.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
But something was wrong. The tree is as far away as ever. It’s still a fuzzy outline on the sandbank. And the tide has pulled me toward the open sea. Then beside me is a silver flash. A flip into the water like a stone throw. Plop. And again. Would a fish know if there was a shark around Would it be showing off in the water like that, flipping up and down
My heart stops pounding (心脏怦怦跳) in my ears so much. My arms and legs settle down. One, two, three. I count my breathing. I think of how much bigger and stronger I am. I think of all the lengths I do and training at the swimming pool. I want to be back at home. I want to be sitting under that tree with Duncan, bathed in the sun. Suddenly the water is warmer. I stretch one foot down, and surge out of the water, arms up high. There’s the sand. I made it!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在河边练习游泳时，想到了鲨鱼的新闻，变得很害怕。感到对岸越来越远，虽然作者一度想要放弃，但是好在最后克服了恐惧，成功靠岸。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但有些地方不对劲”可知，第一段可描写作者在游泳时的感受和困惑。
②由第二段首句内容“我的心跳都停止了”可知，第二段可描写作者恢复自信成功靠岸。
2.续写线索：感到不对劲——感到恐惧困惑——恢复自信——成功靠岸
3.词汇激活
行为类
①出现：show off/appear
②想起：think of/recall
③做到：make it/succeed
情绪类
①强壮：strong/ robust
【点睛】[高分句型1] Would a fish know if there was a shark around (运用了if引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I want to be sitting under that tree with Duncan, bathed in the sun. (运用了过去分词作状语)
听力：1-5：CCBBA 6-10: BCBBC 11-15: AACBA 16-20: BCBAB
