鄂尔多斯市西四旗2023-2024学年第一学期综合模拟卷
高三英语试卷
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Linda Hall Library is open to the public free of charge during regular library hours. There is no charge for getting a library card. Patrons can request and use materials in the library, provided the items are in good physical condition.
To sign up for a borrowing account, you must be a resident of the Kansas City area. You have to provide a current state or federal photo ID with a KC area street address.
A photo ID plus utility bill in your name is needed if the current address differs from that on the ID.
Patrons must show their LHL library card or a photo ID at the time of check-out.
Who Can Borrow:
Individuals living within the Kansas City area as defined below:
Missouri — Bates, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Johnson, Iafayette, Platte, Ray
Kansas —Douglas, Franklin, Johnson, Leavenworth, L.inn, Miami, Wyandotte
Established businesses within the KC area. Contact Reference Services at 8169268701 or reference@lindahall.org for more information about authorized borrowing for businesses, or fill out our web application.
Students, faculty, and staff participating in Courtesy Card institutions. Contact for more information about the Courtesy Card Program.
If you wish to borrow from the Linda Hall Library but do not meet the above criteria, please contact your local library and request to borrow through interlibrary loan from Document Delivery Services.
For more information on how to request library materials, please see this guide on Making Requests in Primo. You may wish to register to attend an in-person “Navigating Linda Hall Library” session.
1. What is a must for borrowing materials from the library
A. A currently taken photo. B. A borrowing account.
C. A guarantee deposit. D. An authorized application.
2. Which of the following persons can borrow materials from the library
A. A student studying in a college.
B. An individual living in Washington.
C. A person working a company in the KC area.
D. A person working for Courtesy Card Program.
3. What should you do if you don’t meet the criteria for the library
A. Fill out an application online.
B. Turn to your local library for help.
C. Follow the official guidance.
D. Borrow some materials online.
B
For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self-improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self- reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. She could change her weight at will.
B. She had different beauty standards from others.
C. She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D. She was greatly influenced by others’ opinions.
5 Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”？
A. She was poorly disciplined. B. She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C. She was labeled as lazy for her weight. D. She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
6. What caused the author to make a change
A. Her lighter body. B. A troublesome illness.
C. Popular beauty standards. D. Others’ critical comments.
7. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Beauty matters. B. Opinions vary.
C. Worth your weight. D. Beyond your limits.
C
In China, tea has become an important part of everyday life for thousands of years. As the tea-processing methods and tea culture have evolved over the years, tea sets have also changed to meet the practical and cultural needs.
During the Tang Dynasty(618~907AD), tea leaves were traded across the country and Asia. For the convenience of transportation and storage, tea leaves were pressed into bricks. To prepare tea, drinkers had to cut them into small pieces and boil them in heat-resistant teapots.
By the Song Dynasty(960-1279), drinkers started to turn the hard bricks into powders (粉末) that could be whipped (搅打) in a cup with boiled water. This whipped tea is most commonly associated with Japanese tea ceremonies today.
By the 1500s, tea bricks gave way to the form of rolled leaves. This innovation led to the invention and use of teapots as we know them today. These teapots originally came from the Yi Xing region of China and were soon copied throughout the world. Then Japanese teapot-makers moved the handle from the side to the top of the teapots.
Tea finally reached Europe in the 1600s, along with the necessary tea sets made in Japan and China. As English teapot-makers began to adapt the tea sets to their country men’s tastes, they eventually added a handle to the tea bowl because of the English habit of drinking hot black tea, which was consumed at higher temperatures. The size of teacups also grew to accommodate milk and sugar in their tea.
By the early 1900s, innovations in tea drinking became an American affair. The most revolutionary one was the tea bag, which was accidentally commercialized by Thomas Sullivan. He had been sending customers tea wrapped in silk bags. Rather than take the leaves out of the bags, as Sullivan intended, the customers put the bags into their teapots instead. Not only did the tea bags push the teapot back to the sidelines of tea service, they were also too large for teacups and led to the modern practice of drinking tea from mugs.
8. Which was used to make the whipped tea in Japan
A. Rolled tea leaves. B. Freshly picked tea leaves.
C. Powdered tea leaves. D. Loosely pressed tea leaves.
9 Which innovation was first introduced by the British
A. Tea bags and mugs. B. Tea bowls with handles.
C. Heat-resistant teapots. D. Teapots with top handles.
10. What can we learn from Thomas Sullivan’s story
A. Customers are very creative. B. Innovations are relatively easy.
C. Marketing strategy is critical. D. Good ideas can be born by accident.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. The Development of Tea Sets B. Varieties of Tea Leaves
C. Various Tea-making Methods D. The Spread of Tea Trades
D
One day in 1995，a large，heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didn't wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief. "But I wore the juice," he mumbled. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink, so, as long as he didn't come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.
The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This "illusion of confidence" is now called" the Dunning-Kruger Effect", and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment.
To investigate this phenomenon in the lab Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did—by a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than two-thirds of the other students!
Sure, it's typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes. In a semester-long study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man（1871）: "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge. "
Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately self-assess their abilities. As much as D-and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade students underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can adjust their self-assessment if given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.
12. Which of the following statements about the Dunning-Kruger Effect is true
A. The effect is true for everyone in daily life.
B. It suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.
C. Some people are overconfident about their abilities.
D. The conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.
13. What does the college students' behaviour mentioned in the experiments prove
A. Feedback plays a significant role in estimating one's ability.
B. Incompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.
C. Good students can predict their future performance accurately.
D. People can't rely on their previous behaviour to make adjustments.
14. The underlined word "begets" can be replaced by “________”.
A. gives rise to B. takes advantage of C. makes up for D. breaks away from
15. What can we infer from the passage
A. Real knowledge is knowing the extent of one's ignorance.
B. It is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.
C. Illusion of confidence is the major source of people's failure.
D. Those with great abilities often have a low opinion of themselves.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
When social media filled with images makes you question your appearance, opinions or ability, for it’s so easy for people to get caught in a whirlwind (旋流) of comparison, remember to look up and out and appreciate there’s a world of beauty in difference. _______16_______
Dare not to compare.
No matter how many followers, comments, likes or views you have, if you get trapped in a competitive mindset, it can turn into a bottomless pit (无底洞) . That’s because there’ll always be someone gaining more positive responses. Think of fun times and kind things with families and friends, which are important and won’t fade from screen. _______17_______
Be authentic (真实的).
Even if it seems the rest of the world isn’t showing their true selves you can be different. ______18______ Share your real, kind voice with the rest of the world, just as you do at home and with friends, and you might just inspire others to do the same.
______19______
Give your time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing unique and beautiful ideas. Be selective. If someone’s posts make you feel bad about yourself, click unfollow or hide.
Take time out.
For those times when social media makes you unhappy or full of self-doubt, pause and step away, even if it’s only for a short time.______20______ For example, writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture will give your mind a different focus.
A. Keep it positive.
B. Search for inspiration.
C. You can try doing something creative.
D. Turn over for four ways to get rid of the troublesome comparison.
E. Make your social media channels a reflection of who you really are.
F. Use them as a reminder that you don’t need to prove anything to anyone.
G. Try spending time with a close friend who’ll remind you of all your good qualities.
第二部分：语言知识应用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Romero is an 84-year-old man. He owes his ___21___ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ___22___ to him after he got lost in the ___23___ for a week.
On November 27, Romero left his home for a walk, but he didn’t come back ___24___. His family wasn’t ___25___ at first as he used to walked to ___26___ villages and would be back a few days later. However, after four days, the man’s niece, Ramona, panicked and ___27___ it to the local authorities and a search party was put together.
The police with trained dogs were brought in to ___28___ Romero. They searched the area around, but a week after his ___29___, Romero was nowhere to be found. That’s when the old man’s ____30____ dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last ____31____.
According to one member of the search team, the brown dog ____32____ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ____33____. His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that ____34____ his getting lost on his trip.
The ____35____ weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet. One officer commented online that “Palomo ____36____ by the hospital door day and night waiting for the ____37____ of its beloved Romero. It is the unconditional love of his pet ____38____ allowed Romero to be ____39____ with his family”. A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home was ____40____ along with these words.
21. A. survival B. poverty C. promotion D. misfortune
22. A. fighters B. strangers C. rescuers D. hunters
23. A. desert B. forest C. hills D. valleys
24. A. by turn B. at times C. in advance D. as usual
25. A. inspired B. concerned C. satisfied D. confused
26. A. nearby B. remote C. unfamiliar D. fascinating
27. A. reported B. exposed C. transported D. introduced
28. A. turn to B. dig out C. put up D. search for
29. A. consumption B. competition C. graduation D. disappearance
30. A. clever B. faithful C. brave D. scared
31. A. conclusion B. suggestion C. attempt D. defence
32. A. spotted B. dragged C. pointed D. guided
33. A. defeated B. trapped C. cheated D. permitted
34. A. accounted for B. made out C. cared about D. resulted from
35. A. strangely B. equally C. suddenly D. obviously
36. A. hesitated B. shouted C. remained D. whispered
37. A. responsibility B. recovery C. cooperation D. arrival
38 A. which B. that C. where D. who
39. A. compared B. associated C. reunited D. pleased
40. A. taken B. posted C. printed D. painted
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Rescue and disaster relief forces, medical teams and urgent supplies are pouring into Northwest China’s Gansu Province and the neighboring Qinghai Province after a 6.2-magnitude earthquake jolted a Gansu county at a ____41____ (deep) of 10 kilometers at 11:59 pm Monday, ____42____ has caused 127 deaths as of press time.
More than 700 people were injured in the two provinces and dozens more were reported missing; more than 155,000 houses ____43____ (damage) or collapsed, according to media reports. President Xi Jinping has urged rescue efforts and proper arrangements for____44____(affect) people to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.
Soon ____45____ the quake, a large transport aircraft arrived in Lanzhou, capital city of Gansu ____46____ (deliver) the emergency command group and supplies.
Dahejia Middle School is located in the severely affected county. The school principal told the media that all 2,100 students and 190 teachers have safely returned home ____47____ injuries. “We ____48____ (conduct) frequent drills at our school for fire and earthquake safety over the years,” Ma said, ____49____ (add) that “____50____ only took about 5 minutes to evacuate the entire school”.
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With the aim of recycling used books and presenting them to children in the need, the students’ union will launch a campaign titled “Secondhand Books Donation” next month. To start with, donation boxes, that are about to be collected by the volunteers twice a week, would be placed in classrooms. In addition, what is also acceptable to take donations directly to your office on weekdays. Then, the collected book will be delivered to the primary students in remote but rural areas. This activity is great significance. Not only will the children get books to read, but also we will gain happiness by help others. So let’s participate active in it.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假设你是李华，为了庆祝国庆七十四周年，你市举办了“中华之美”的中文演讲比赛，你校交换生Jerry在本次大赛中获得了第一名，请你给他写一封邮件，向他表示祝贺，要点如下：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 评论与赞赏；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua鄂尔多斯市西四旗2023-2024学年第一学期综合模拟卷
高三英语试卷
第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Linda Hall Library is open to the public free of charge during regular library hours. There is no charge for getting a library card. Patrons can request and use materials in the library, provided the items are in good physical condition.
To sign up for a borrowing account, you must be a resident of the Kansas City area. You have to provide a current state or federal photo ID with a KC area street address.
A photo ID plus utility bill in your name is needed if the current address differs from that on the ID.
Patrons must show their LHL library card or a photo ID at the time of check-out.
Who Can Borrow:
Individuals living within the Kansas City area as defined below:
Missouri — Bates, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Johnson, Iafayette, Platte, Ray
Kansas —Douglas, Franklin, Johnson, Leavenworth, L.inn, Miami, Wyandotte
Established businesses within the KC area. Contact Reference Services at 8169268701 or reference@lindahall.org for more information about authorized borrowing for businesses, or fill out our web application.
Students, faculty, and staff participating in Courtesy Card institutions. Contact for more information about the Courtesy Card Program.
If you wish to borrow from the Linda Hall Library but do not meet the above criteria, please contact your local library and request to borrow through interlibrary loan from Document Delivery Services.
For more information on how to request library materials, please see this guide on Making Requests in Primo. You may wish to register to attend an in-person “Navigating Linda Hall Library” session.
1. What is a must for borrowing materials from the library
A. A currently taken photo. B. A borrowing account.
C. A guarantee deposit. D. An authorized application.
2. Which of the following persons can borrow materials from the library
A. A student studying in a college.
B. An individual living in Washington.
C. A person working a company in the KC area.
D. A person working for Courtesy Card Program.
3. What should you do if you don’t meet the criteria for the library
A. Fill out an application online.
B. Turn to your local library for help.
C. Follow the official guidance.
D. Borrow some materials online.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了琳达·霍尔图书馆办理免费借阅证的条件，以及具体措施。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To sign up for a borrowing account, you must be a resident of the Kansas City area. You have to provide a current state or federal photo ID with a KC area street address. (要注册一个借阅账户，你必须是堪萨斯城地区的居民。您必须提供带有 KC地区街道地址的当前州或联邦带照片的身份证件。)”以及“Patrons must show their LHL library card or a photo ID at the time of check-out.(读者在图书馆把书借出时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。)”可知，从图书馆借阅资料必须有借阅账户，借阅资料时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Who Can Borrow:”下文中的“Established businesses within the KC area.(在KC内所建立的企业)”可知，在KC地区的公司工作的人可以从图书馆借书。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If you wish to borrow from the Linda Hall Library but do not meet the above criteria, please contact your local library and request to borrow through interlibrary loan from Document Delivery Services.(如果您想从琳达·霍尔图书馆借阅但不符合上述标准，请联系您当地图书馆，并请求通过馆际互借从‘文献传递服务’借阅。)”可知，如果你不符合图书馆的标准，你可以向你当地的图书馆寻求帮助，通过“文献传递服务”申请馆际互借。故选B。
B
For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self-improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self- reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. She could change her weight at will.
B. She had different beauty standards from others.
C. She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D. She was greatly influenced by others’ opinions.
5. Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”？
A. She was poorly disciplined. B. She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C. She was labeled as lazy for her weight. D. She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
6. What caused the author to make a change
A. Her lighter body. B. A troublesome illness.
C. Popular beauty standards. D. Others’ critical comments.
7. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Beauty matters. B. Opinions vary.
C. Worth your weight. D. Beyond your limits.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者过去由于自己的体重问题很在意别人的看法，由于生病作者意识到体重不是自己问题的根源，作者开始接受自己的体重并慢慢学会接受自己。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.(由于没有达到传统的审美标准，我确信，如果我想被爱，我需要付出更多，做任何事情来取悦周围的人。)”可知，别人的看法对作者的影响很大。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.(当我步入成年的时候，我觉得自己还不够“足够”——这种想法不仅源于人们对“瘦”的赞美，还源于人们对减肥、自我完善、自律等美德的描述。肥胖很快就会被归类为懒惰和不守纪律的人。)”可知，由于肥胖作者还被贴上了懒惰和不自律的标签。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.( 例如，我没有意识到，我的月经比以前更沉重，更痛苦。事实上，我得了一种罕见的疾病，后来做了两次手术。)”、第四段“I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true.( 我总是觉得我的体重是我生活中许多问题的根源;我知道这不是真的。)”以及第四段“I have taken first steps to acceptance.(我已经迈出了接受的第一步。)”可知，由于生病作者意识到体重不是自己问题的根源，由此推测，是生病让作者决心做出改变。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是文章最后一段中“There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long.( 有些日子，我在社交媒体上发现有人说我太胖了，不值得被爱，不值得值得，但我正在学习不要长时间关注这种想法。)”可知，作者主要想表达接受自己的体重，并学会爱自己。C项“你的体重有价值”符合题意。故选C。
C
In China, tea has become an important part of everyday life for thousands of years. As the tea-processing methods and tea culture have evolved over the years, tea sets have also changed to meet the practical and cultural needs.
During the Tang Dynasty(618~907AD), tea leaves were traded across the country and Asia. For the convenience of transportation and storage, tea leaves were pressed into bricks. To prepare tea, drinkers had to cut them into small pieces and boil them in heat-resistant teapots.
By the Song Dynasty(960-1279), drinkers started to turn the hard bricks into powders (粉末) that could be whipped (搅打) in a cup with boiled water. This whipped tea is most commonly associated with Japanese tea ceremonies today.
By the 1500s, tea bricks gave way to the form of rolled leaves. This innovation led to the invention and use of teapots as we know them today. These teapots originally came from the Yi Xing region of China and were soon copied throughout the world. Then Japanese teapot-makers moved the handle from the side to the top of the teapots.
Tea finally reached Europe in the 1600s, along with the necessary tea sets made in Japan and China. As English teapot-makers began to adapt the tea sets to their country men’s tastes, they eventually added a handle to the tea bowl because of the English habit of drinking hot black tea, which was consumed at higher temperatures. The size of teacups also grew to accommodate milk and sugar in their tea.
By the early 1900s, innovations in tea drinking became an American affair. The most revolutionary one was the tea bag, which was accidentally commercialized by Thomas Sullivan. He had been sending customers tea wrapped in silk bags. Rather than take the leaves out of the bags, as Sullivan intended, the customers put the bags into their teapots instead. Not only did the tea bags push the teapot back to the sidelines of tea service, they were also too large for teacups and led to the modern practice of drinking tea from mugs.
8. Which was used to make the whipped tea in Japan
A. Rolled tea leaves. B. Freshly picked tea leaves.
C. Powdered tea leaves. D. Loosely pressed tea leaves.
9. Which innovation was first introduced by the British
A. Tea bags and mugs. B. Tea bowls with handles.
C. Heat-resistant teapots. D. Teapots with top handles.
10. What can we learn from Thomas Sullivan’s story
A. Customers are very creative. B. Innovations are relatively easy.
C. Marketing strategy is critical. D. Good ideas can be born by accident.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. The Development of Tea Sets B. Varieties of Tea Leaves
C. Various Tea-making Methods D. The Spread of Tea Trades
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了茶具的演进。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章三段“By the Song Dynasty(960-1279), drinkers started to turn the hard bricks into powders (粉末) that could be whipped (搅打) in a cup with boiled water. This whipped tea is most commonly associated with Japanese tea ceremonies today. (到了宋朝(960-1279)，饮茶者开始把这种坚硬的砖块变成粉末，可以在一个杯子里用开水搅拌。这种搅打过的茶在今天的日本茶道中最常见。)”可知，日本点茶用的是茶的粉末。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As English teapot-makers began to adapt the tea sets to their country men’s tastes, they eventually added a handle to the tea bowl because of the English habit of drinking hot black tea, which was consumed at higher temperatures. (随着英国的茶具制造商开始根据英国人的口味调整茶具，他们最终在茶碗上加了一个把手，因为英国人习惯喝热红茶，这种茶要在较高的温度下饮用。)”可知，带有把手的茶碗是英国人最先提出的创新。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The most revolutionary one was the tea bag, which was accidentally commercialized by Thomas Sullivan. (最具革命性的是茶包，它被托马斯·沙利文意外地商业化了。)”可推断，有的创意是偶然的。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As the tea-processing methods and tea culture have evolved over the years, tea sets have also changed to meet the practical and cultural needs. (随着多年来茶叶加工方法和茶文化的发展，茶具也发生了变化，以满足实用和文化的需要。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要是讲茶具的衍变，A项“茶具的发展”适合作文章标题。故选A。
D
One day in 1995，a large，heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didn't wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief. "But I wore the juice," he mumbled. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink, so, as long as he didn't come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.
The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This "illusion of confidence" is now called" the Dunning-Kruger Effect", and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment.
To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did—by a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than two-thirds of the other students!
Sure, it's typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes. In a semester-long study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man（1871）: "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge. "
Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately self-assess their abilities. As much as D-and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade students underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can adjust their self-assessment if given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.
12. Which of the following statements about the Dunning-Kruger Effect is true
A. The effect is true for everyone in daily life.
B. It suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.
C. Some people are overconfident about their abilities.
D. The conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.
13. What does the college students' behaviour mentioned in the experiments prove
A. Feedback plays a significant role in estimating one's ability.
B. Incompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.
C. Good students can predict their future performance accurately.
D. People can't rely on their previous behaviour to make adjustments.
14. The underlined word "begets" can be replaced by “________”.
A. gives rise to B. takes advantage of C. makes up for D. breaks away from
15. What can we infer from the passage
A. Real knowledge is knowing the extent of one's ignorance.
B. It is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.
C. Illusion of confidence is the major source of people's failure.
D. Those with great abilities often have a low opinion of themselves.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了“邓宁-克鲁格效应”，研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自我评估，而无知的人往往看不到自身的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“…some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are.（有些人错误地认为自己的能力比实际要高得多。）”可知，“邓宁-克鲁格效应”指的是一些人会高估自己的能力、过度自信。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.（能力差的人坚持他们的方式是正确的，而不是困惑或思考他们不正确的方式。）”可知，能力差的人不会去反思自己的不正确的方法，而是坚持认为他们的方法是正确的。所以说实验中提到的大学生行为证明了他们非常固执。故选B。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.（不称职的人坚持他们的方式是正确的，而不是困惑或思考他们不正确的方式。）”可知，上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目自信。所以这句话的意思是“无知比知识更容易产生自信”。beget的意思是give rise to，意为“引起”。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Sure, it's typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes.（当然，人们高估自己的能力是很典型的。问题是，当人们无能时，他们不仅会得出错误的结论，做出不幸的选择，而且还会被剥夺意识到自己错误的能力。）”可知，本文主要阐述了“邓宁-克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自我评估，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。因此，我们可以推断出，真正的知识是知道自己无知的程度。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
When social media filled with images makes you question your appearance, opinions or ability, for it’s so easy for people to get caught in a whirlwind (旋流) of comparison, remember to look up and out and appreciate there’s a world of beauty in difference. _______16_______
Dare not to compare.
No matter how many followers, comments, likes or views you have, if you get trapped in a competitive mindset, it can turn into a bottomless pit (无底洞) . That’s because there’ll always be someone gaining more positive responses. Think of fun times and kind things with families and friends, which are important and won’t fade from screen. _______17_______
Be authentic (真实的).
Even if it seems the rest of the world isn’t showing their true selves, you can be different. ______18______ Share your real, kind voice with the rest of the world, just as you do at home and with friends, and you might just inspire others to do the same.
______19______
Give your time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing unique and beautiful ideas. Be selective. If someone’s posts make you feel bad about yourself, click unfollow or hide.
Take time out.
For those times when social media makes you unhappy or full of self-doubt pause and step away, even if it’s only for a short time.______20______ For example, writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture will give your mind a different focus.
A. Keep it positive.
B. Search for inspiration.
C. You can try doing something creative.
D. Turn over for four ways to get rid of the troublesome comparison.
E. Make your social media channels a reflection of who you really are.
F. Use them as a reminder that you don’t need to prove anything to anyone.
G. Try spending time with a close friend who’ll remind you of all your good qualities.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. E 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是四种方法，帮助人们如何摆脱令人麻烦的比较。
【16题详解】
根据空前的“When social media filled with images makes you question your appearance, opinions or ability, for it’s so easy for people to get caught in a whirlwind (旋流) of comparison, remember to look up and out and appreciate there’s a world of beauty in difference.(当充斥着图片的社交媒体让你质疑自己的外表、观点或能力时，因为人们很容易陷入比较的旋风中，记得抬头看看外面，欣赏这个不同的世界。)”可知，因为人们很容易陷入比较的麻烦中，所以让很多人质疑自己，结合下文中的“Dare not to compare.(敢于不作比较。)”等四个方法，可知，此空应是承上启下的作用，D选项“Turn over for four ways to get rid of the troublesome comparison.(转向四种方法来摆脱麻烦的比较。)”讲述的内容与空前的内容一致，且引出下文中的摆脱比较带来的麻烦的四种方法，起到了承上启下的作用。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据空前的“Think of fun times and kind things with families and friends, which are important and won’t fade from screen.(想想与家人和朋友一起度过的快乐时光和美好的事情，这些都是重要的，不会从屏幕上消失。)”可知，此处建议人们想想自己快乐美好的时光，这都是重要的，不会消失，F选项“Use them as a reminder that you don’t need to prove anything to anyone.(用它们来提醒自己，你不需要向任何人证明任何事情。)”讲述的是没必要向别人证明什么，与本段的主题“Dare not to compare.(敢于不做比较。)”吻合，且其中的them指代的内容与空前的fun times and kind things内容一致。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Be authentic (真实的).(要真实。)”可知，本段讲述的是要真实面对自己，E选项“Make your social media channels a reflection of who you really are.(让你的社交媒体渠道反映出真实的你。)”讲述的是通过媒体反映出真实的自己，与本段主题吻合。故选E项。
【19题详解】
分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，与其他段落的主题句一样，为祈使句，根据空后的“Give your time and attention to people doing inspiring things, spreading uplifting messages and sharing unique and beautiful ideas.(把你的时间和注意力花在做鼓舞人心的事情的人身上，传播振奋人心的信息，分享独特而美丽的想法。)”可知，本段讲述的应该是把时间和注意力用在鼓舞人心的事情和消息上面，也就是应该保持积极的态度，A选项“Keep it positive.(保持积极的态度。)”的内容与空后的内容一致，为祈使句且概括了本段的主题。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据空后举例“For example, writing in a diary, drawing in a sketchbook or painting a picture will give your mind a different focus.(例如，写日记，在速写本上画画或画一幅画会给你的大脑一个不同的焦点。)”可知，此空处讲述的是建议人们去绘画，写日记，C选项“You can try doing something creative.(你可以尝试做一些有创意的事情。)”中的something creative与“绘画和写日记”内容相关。故选C项。
第二部分：语言知识应用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Romero is an 84-year-old man. He owes his ___21___ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ___22___ to him after he got lost in the ___23___ for a week.
On November 27, Romero left his home for a walk, but he didn’t come back ___24___. His family wasn’t ___25___ at first as he used to walked to ___26___ villages and would be back a few days later. However, after four days, the man’s niece, Ramona, panicked and ___27___ it to the local authorities and a search party was put together.
The police with trained dogs were brought in to ___28___ Romero. They searched the area around, but a week after his ___29___, Romero was nowhere to be found. That’s when the old man’s ____30____ dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last ____31____.
According to one member of the search team, the brown dog ____32____ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ____33____. His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that ____34____ his getting lost on his trip.
The ____35____ weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet. One officer commented online that “Palomo ____36____ by the hospital door day and night waiting for the ____37____ of its beloved Romero. It is the unconditional love of his pet ____38____ allowed Romero to be ____39____ with his family”. A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home was ____40____ along with these words.
21. A. survival B. poverty C. promotion D. misfortune
22. A. fighters B. strangers C. rescuers D. hunters
23. A. desert B. forest C. hills D. valleys
24. A. by turn B. at times C. in advance D. as usual
25. A. inspired B. concerned C. satisfied D. confused
26. A. nearby B. remote C. unfamiliar D. fascinating
27. A. reported B. exposed C. transported D. introduced
28. A. turn to B. dig out C. put up D. search for
29. A. consumption B. competition C. graduation D. disappearance
30. A. clever B. faithful C. brave D. scared
31. A. conclusion B. suggestion C. attempt D. defence
32. A. spotted B. dragged C. pointed D. guided
33. A. defeated B. trapped C. cheated D. permitted
34. A. accounted for B. made out C. cared about D. resulted from
35. A. strangely B. equally C. suddenly D. obviously
36. A. hesitated B. shouted C. remained D. whispered
37. A. responsibility B. recovery C. cooperation D. arrival
38. A. which B. that C. where D. who
39. A. compared B. associated C. reunited D. pleased
40. A. taken B. posted C. printed D. painted
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了84岁老人Romero外出被困在沙漠一周，最后是他忠实的狗Palomo带着救援队找到了老人，让老人得救，得以和家人团聚。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把自己的幸存归功于他的宠物狗Palomo，在他在沙漠中迷路一周后，Palomo带着救援人员找到了他。A. survival存活，幸存；B. poverty贫穷；C. promotion推销，晋升；D. misfortune不幸。根据下文“They searched the area around, but a week after his ___9___, Romero was nowhere to be found.”、“the brown dog ___12___ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ___13___.”以及“The ___15___ weak man was rushed to the hospital where he spent two days getting back on his feet.”可知，宠物狗Palomo带着救援人员找到了被困沙漠中长达一周的Romero，Romero才得以被救出，活下来。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把自己的幸存归功于他的宠物狗Palomo，在他在沙漠中迷路一周后，Palomo带着救援人员找到了他。A. fighters战士；B. strangers陌生人；C. rescuers救援者；D. hunters猎人。根据下文“According to one member of the search team, the brown dog ___12___ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ___13___.”可知，是宠物狗Palomo带着救援人员找到了Romero。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把自己的幸存归功于他的宠物狗Palomo，在他在沙漠中迷路一周后，Palomo带着救援人员找到了他。A. desert沙漠；B. forest森林；C. hills山丘，小山；D. valleys山谷。根据下文“the brown dog ___12___ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ___13___.”可知，Palomo带着救援人员在沙漠中找到了Romero，由此可知，Romero是在沙漠中迷路的。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：11月27日，罗梅罗离开家去徒步旅行，但他没有像往常一样回来。A. by turn轮流地，逐个地；B. at times有时；C. in advance预先，提前；D. as usual像往常一样。根据下文“His family wasn’t ___5___ at first as he used to walked to ___6___ villages and would be back a few days later.”以及“However, after four days, the man’s niece, Ramona, panicked and ___7___ it to the local authorities and a search party was put together.”可知，他经常会出去，然后过几天就回来，但是这次出去后没有像往常一样回来。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的家人一开始并不担心，因为他经常走到附近的村庄，几天后就会回来。A. inspired受到鼓舞的；B. concerned担心的，忧虑的；C. satisfied满意的，满足的；D. confused困惑的。根据句中“as he used to walked to ___6___ villages and would be back a few days later.”可知，因为他过去经常出去，过几天就会回来，所以他的家人一开始并不担心。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的家人一开始并不担心，因为他经常走到附近的村庄，几天后就会回来。A. nearby附近的；B. remote偏远的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. fascinating极有吸引力的，迷人的。根据句中“as he used to walked to”、“and would be back a few days later”以及下文“They searched the area around”可知，老人是徒步出行而且往常几天后就回来，失踪后救援队也在周边寻找，因此他所去的应该是附近的村庄。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，四天后，这名男子的侄女Ramona惊慌失措，向当地政府报告了此事，一个搜救队被组织起来了。A. reported报告；B. exposed暴露，使接触；C. transported运输；D. introduced介绍。根据空后“it to the local authorities and a search party was put together.”可知，Ramona把老人的失踪报告给了当局。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着训练有素的警犬的警察被派来寻找Romero。A. turn to向……求助；B. dig out挖掘出；C. put up留某人住在家中，推荐，张贴；D. search for寻找，搜寻。根据下文“They searched the area around, but a week after his ___9___, Romero was nowhere to be found.”可知，警察带着训练有素的警犬寻找Romero。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们搜索了周围地区，但在Romero失踪一周后，他无处可寻。A. consumption消费，消耗；B. competition竞争，比赛；C. graduation毕业；D. disappearance消失，失踪。根据上文“but he didn’t come back ___4___”以及下文“His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that ___14___ his getting lost on his trip.”可知，Romero出去后没有回来，失踪了。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，老人忠实的狗Palomo被带了进来，作为最后的尝试。A. clever聪明的；B. faithful忠实的，忠诚的；C. brave勇敢的；D. scared恐惧的。根据下文“the brown dog ___12___ them through hills and valleys and finally to the place in the desert where Romero had been ___13___.”以及“One officer commented online that “Palomo ___16___ by the hospital door day and night waiting for the ___17___ of its beloved Romero. It is the unconditional love of his pet ___18___ allowed Romero to be ___19___ with his family”.”可知，Palomo对主人Romero非常忠诚，不仅带领救援人员找到了主人，而且在主人住院期间日夜守在医院门口等待主人康复。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，老人忠实的狗Palomo被带了进来，作为最后的尝试。A. conclusion结论；B. suggestion建议；C. attempt尝试；D. defence防御。根据上文“They searched the area around, but a week after his ___9___, Romero was nowhere to be found.”可知，搜救队寻找了一段时间没有找到Romero，准备让他的宠物狗Palomo作最后的尝试。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据搜救队的一名成员说，这只棕色的狗带着他们穿过山丘和山谷，最终到达了Romero在沙漠中被困的地点。A. spotted看见，发现；B. dragged拖；C. pointed指向；D. guided带领，给某人领路。根据上文“He owes his ___1___ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ___2___ to him after he got lost in the ___3___ for a week.”以及“That’s when the old man’s ___10___ dog, Palomo, was brought in as the last ___11___.”可知，宠物狗Palomo带着救援人员在沙漠中找到了失踪一周的Romero。故选D。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据搜救队的一名成员说，这只棕色的狗带着他们穿过山丘和山谷，最终到达了Romero在沙漠中被困的地点。A. defeated击败；B. trapped困住，使陷入困境；C. cheated欺骗；D. permitted允许。根据句中“finally to the place in the desert where Romero”以及下文“His niece told the authorities that Romero sometimes had poor memory and that ___14___ his getting lost on his trip.”可知，Romero因迷路被困在沙漠中，Palomo带着救援人员到达了Romero被困的地方。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的侄女告诉当局，Romero有时记忆力不好，这就是他在旅行中迷路的原因。A. accounted for解释，是……的原因；B. made out理解，辨认出；C. cared about关心；D. resulted from因……发生，由……造成。根据空前“Romero sometimes had poor memory”可知，Romero有时记忆力不好，这是他在旅行中迷路的原因。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个明显虚弱的人被紧急送往医院，在那里他花了两天时间才站起来。A. strangely奇怪地；B. equally平等地，同样地；C. suddenly突然地；D. obviously明显地。根据上文“Romero is an 84-year-old man. He owes his ___1___ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ___2___ to him after he got lost in the ___3___ for a week.”可知84岁的Romero被困沙漠中迷路一周后才被找到，结合空后“he spent two days getting back on his feet”可知，被救时Romero明显很虚弱。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位官员在网上评论说：“Palomo日夜守在医院门口，等待它心爱的Romero的康复。正是由于他的宠物无条件的爱，Romero才得以与家人团聚。”A. hesitated犹豫；B. shouted喊叫；C. remained逗留，不离去，停留；D. whispered低声说。根据句中“by the hospital door day and night waiting for the ___17___ of its beloved Romero”可知，在Romero住院接受治疗期间他的宠物狗Palomo一直等在医院门口，没有离开。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位官员在网上评论说：“Palomo日夜守在医院门口，等待它心爱的Romero的康复。正是由于他的宠物无条件的爱，Romero才得以与家人团聚。”。A. responsibility责任；B. recovery康复；C. cooperation合作；D. arrival到达。根据上文“The ___15___ weak man was rushed to the hospital”以及句中“Palomo ___13___ by the hospital door day and night waiting for”可知，Romero在医院接受治疗，Palomo日夜守在医院门口等待主人Romero恢复健康。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查强调句型连接词辨析。句意：一位官员在网上评论说：“Palomo日夜守在医院门口，等待它心爱的Romero的康复。正是由于他的宠物无条件的爱，Romero才得以与家人团聚。”A. which哪一个，（明确所指的事物）……的那个；B. that用于强调句型，引导名词性从句评论某种情况或事实；定语从句中作关系代词；C. where在……的地方，哪里；D. who谁，定语从句中作关系代词指人，用在强调句型中（被强调部分指人）。句子结构分析可知，“It is the unconditional love of his pet ___18___ allowed Romero to be ___19___ with his family.”为强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分+that…”，此强调句型中当被强调部分指人时也可以用who替代that，句中是对“the unconditional love of his pet”进行强调，设空处应填that。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位官员在网上评论说：“Palomo日夜守在医院门口，等待它心爱的Romero的康复。正是由于他的宠物无条件的爱，Romero才得以与家人团聚。”A. compared比较；B. associated联系；C. reunited(使)重逢，再次相聚；D. pleased使满意,使愉快。根据“He owes his ___1___ to his pet dog, Palomo, who took ___2___ to him after he got lost in the desert for a week.”可知，Romero获救了，因此得以与家人重聚。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Romero回家后，Palomo陪在他身边的照片被贴出，并配上了这些话。A. taken携带，拿走；B. posted发布，公布；C. printed印刷；D. painted在……上刷油漆，画。根据上文“One officer commented online that “Palomo ___16___ by the hospital door day and night waiting for the ___17___ of its beloved Romero. It is the unconditional love of his pet ___18___ allowed Romero to be ___19___ with his family”.”可知，一位官员在网上对Palomo救了主人的故事进行评论，结合句中“A photo of Palomo staying by Romero’s side after he came back home”以及“along with these words”可知，在Romero回家后Palomo陪在他身边的照片和这位官员所说话一起被发布在网上。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
语法填空
Rescue and disaster relief forces, medical teams and urgent supplies are pouring into Northwest China’s Gansu Province and the neighboring Qinghai Province after a 6.2-magnitude earthquake jolted a Gansu county at a ____41____ (deep) of 10 kilometers at 11:59 pm Monday, ____42____ has caused 127 deaths as of press time.
More than 700 people were injured in the two provinces and dozens more were reported missing; more than 155,000 houses ____43____ (damage) or collapsed, according to media reports. President Xi Jinping has urged rescue efforts and proper arrangements for____44____(affect) people to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.
Soon ____45____ the quake, a large transport aircraft arrived in Lanzhou, capital city of Gansu ____46____ (deliver) the emergency command group and supplies.
Dahejia Middle School is located in the severely affected county. The school principal told the media that all 2100 students and 190 teachers have safely returned home ____47____ injuries. “We ____48____ (conduct) frequent drills at our school for fire and earthquake safety over the years,” Ma said, ____49____ (add) that “____50____ only took about 5 minutes to evacuate the entire school”.
【答案】41. depth
42. which 43. were damaged
44. affected
45. after 46. to deliver
47. without
48. have conducted
49. adding 50. It
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在中国的西北部甘肃省和临近的青海省发生了一场6.2级的地震，截至发稿时造成127人死亡，受灾人民的生命和财产安全受到威胁。在此情况下，营救和灾后救援部队、医疗队和紧急物资涌入甘肃和青海省。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：周一晚上11点59分，甘肃省10公里深处发生6.2级地震，截至发稿时已造成127人死亡，救援和救灾部队、医疗队和紧急物资正涌入中国西北部的甘肃省和邻近的青海省。根据不定冠词a可知，空处应填名词depth“深度”作宾语，at a depth of“在一个……的深度”。故填depth。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：周一晚上11点59分，甘肃省10公里深处发生6.2级地震，截至发稿时已造成127人死亡，救援和救灾部队、医疗队和紧急物资正涌入中国西北部的甘肃省和邻近的青海省。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，应用which引导定语从句，故填which。
43题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：据媒体报道，这两个省有700多人受伤，另有数十人失踪；超过15.5万所房屋受损或倒塌。分析句子可知，空处和前面句子were injured和were reported时态一致，应用一般过去时，动词damage与主语houses构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were damaged。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：席主席敦促做好救援工作，妥善安排受灾群众，确保人民生命财产安全。分析句子可知，动词affect和people是被动关系，应用过去分词affected作定语，表示“受到影响的”。故填affected。
【45题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：地震发生后不久，一架大型运输机抵达甘肃省会兰州，运送应急指挥小组和物资。分析句子可知，空处应填介词after，soon after“不久以后”。故填after。
【46题详解】
考查不定式。句意：地震发生后不久，一架大型运输机抵达甘肃省会兰州，运送应急指挥小组和物资。分析句子可知，空处应填不定式在句中作目的状语。故填to deliver。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意：校长告诉媒体，所有2100名学生和190名教师已安全回家，没有受伤。根据safely可知，学生和老师没有受伤，故空处应填介词without“没有”。故填without。
【48题详解】
考查时态。句意：马说：“这些年来，我们经常在学校进行消防和地震安全演习。”他补充道，“整个学校只花了大约5分钟就撤离了。”根据over the years可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在进行了演戏，主语是we，助动词用have。故填have conducted。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：马说：“这些年来，我们经常在学校进行消防和地震安全演习。”他补充道，“整个学校只花了大约5分钟就撤离了。”分析句子可知，空处应填现在分词在句中作状语，与句子主语Ma构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。
【50题详解】
考查it。句意：马说：“这些年来，我们经常在学校进行消防和地震安全演习。”他补充道，“整个学校只花了大约5分钟就撤离了。”It takes some time to do sth.“花费……时间做某事”为固定句式，双引号内是整个完整句子，即单词位于该句的句首，首字母大写。故填It。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With the aim of recycling used books and presenting them to children in the need, the students’ union will launch a campaign titled “Secondhand Books Donation” next month. To start with, donation boxes, that are about to be collected by the volunteers twice a week, would be placed in classrooms. In addition, what is also acceptable to take donations directly to your office on weekdays. Then, the collected book will be delivered to the primary students in remote but rural areas. This activity is great significance. Not only will the children get books to read, but also we will gain happiness by help others. So let’s participate active in it.
【答案】
1.删掉the
2. that→ which
3. would→ will
4. what→ it
5.your→ our
6. book→ books
7. but→ and
8. is后加of
9. help→ helping
10. active→ actively
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了学生会将于下个月发起的“二手书捐赠”的活动的细节。
【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意：为了回收旧书并将它们送给有需要的孩子，学生会将于下个月发起一项名为“二手书捐赠”的活动。in need为固定短语，中间不应加冠词。 故删掉the。
2.考查定语从句。句意：首先，捐款箱将被放置在教室里，这些捐款箱将由志愿者每周收集两次。逗号后为非限定性定语从句，先行词是donation boxes，且在从句中做主语，应用关系代词which引导。 故将that 改为which。
3.考查动词时态。句意：首先，捐款箱将被放置在教室里，这些捐款箱将由志愿者每周收集两次。根据从句are和句意可知，主句时态是一般将来时态，即谓语用“will+动词原形”。故将would改为will。
4.考查形式主语。句意：此外，也可以在工作日将捐款直接送到我们的办公室。分析句子结构可知，is前应为形式主语it，后面的不定式短语为真正主语。故将what改为it。
5.考查代词。句意：此外，也可以在工作日将捐款直接送到我们的办公室。根据第一句中“the students’ union will launch a campaign”和最后一句“So let’s participate active in it.”可知，本文是以学生会的名义写的，故代词应用our“我们的”。故将your 改为our。
6.考查名词的数。句意：然后，收集到的书籍将被送到偏远和农村地区的小学生手中。结合句意可知，书不止一本，应用名词复数形式，作主语。 故将book改为books。
7.考查连词。句意：然后，收集到的书籍将被送到偏远和农村地区的小学生手中。remote“偏远的”和rural“农村的”为并列关系，并非转折关系，故用连词and连接。故将but改为and。
8.考查固定句型。句意：这次活动意义重大。 be of+抽象名词，为固定用法，表示“有”。故将is后加of。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：不仅孩子们有书可读，而且我们也会从帮助别人中获得快乐。介词后跟动名词，故用help“帮助”的动名词形式。故将help改为helping。
10.考查副词。句意：所以让我们积极参与其中。副词修饰动词，故修饰participate in用副词actively。故将active改为actively。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假设你是李华，为了庆祝国庆七十四周年，你市举办了“中华之美”的中文演讲比赛，你校交换生Jerry在本次大赛中获得了第一名，请你给他写一封邮件，向他表示祝贺，要点如下：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 评论与赞赏；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jerry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jerry,
Having learned that you’ve won the first prize in the Chinese speech contest of the 74th anniversary of National Day, I’m writing to extend my earnest congratulations to you from the bottom of my heart.
From my perspective, it is your diligence and persistence that contribute to your success, which is a reward that you deserve. Your performance is perfect, especially your fluent spoken Chinese and beautiful voice, which must have left a deep impression on all the judges and audience. In addition, what surprises us most is that you are confident and brave on the stage when faced with a large number of audience. To be honest, you are a superstar in my heart, your experience will be of great help to me and I’d like to take this chance to learn from you.
Congratulations again! I wish you greater achievements in your study and obtain a promising future. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，就“Jerry在‘中华之美’中文演讲比赛中获得了第一名”一事，要求考生给他写一封邮件，向他表示祝贺。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：contest → competiton
在我看来：from my perspective → as far as I'm concerned
（使）吃惊：surprise → amaze
想要做某事：would like to do sth.→ feel like doing sth.
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：Having learned that you’ve won the first prize in the Chinese speech contest of the 74th anniversary of National Day, I’m writing to extend my earnest congratulations to you from the bottom of my heart.
拓展句： Because I have learned that you’ve won the first prize in the Chinese speech contest of the 74th anniversary of National Day, I’m writing to extend my earnest congratulations to you from the bottom of my heart.
【点睛】 [高分句型1 ] From my perspective, it is your diligence and persistence that contribute to your success, which is a reward that you deserve. (强调句型和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2 ] In addition, what surprises us most is that you are confident and brave on the stage when faced with a large number of audience. (what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)
