(共89张PPT)
情态动词
(一)
Modal verb
Modal verb
Contents
1
2
情态动词的特征和形式
情态动词的意义和用法
目录
01.
情态动词的特征和形式
情态动词的特征和形式
(一)情态动词的各种形式见下表:
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义,但不完全,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
情态动词
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
had better
否定式
may not
might not
can not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to/ did not use to
had better not
简略否定式
mayn't(老式英语,现在不常见)
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to(否定句中to可省略)
won't
wouldn't
shan't(只用于英国英语)
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to /didn't use to
’d better not
情态动词的特征和形式
(一)情态动词的各种形式见下表:
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义,但不完全,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
had better有“最好”的意思,常用语建议或请求时,表达比较委婉,它暗示对方有义务去做某事,因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等,而不宜反过来用。had better可将其视为“情态”动词,可用于一切人称,没有任何词形变化。have better和has better表示有比较之下“有更好的”的意思,一般局限于主语单复数,has better用于第三人称单数时
为什么是had better不是have better或has better
情态动词的特征和形式
(二)情态动词除ought to, used to等外,后面只接不带to的不定式
1.情态动词+do
You shouldn't be so careless.你不该这样粗心大意。
2.情态动词+be doing
My mother may/might be cooking now.我妈妈可能正在做饭。
Difficulties can and must be overcome.困难能够而且必须克服。
Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.杰西卡昨天告诉他,她可能不去旅行了。
You should be reviewing your lessons.你应该在复习功课。
She must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐。
情态动词的特征和形式
(二)情态动词除ought to, used to等外,后面只接不带to的不定式
3.情态动词+have done
They might have visited the Great Wall.他们可能参观过长城了。
4.情态动词+be done
This word can also be used as a verb.这个词也可以用作动词。
You ought to have come earlier.你本该早一点儿来。
He must have got up very early to catch the train.他一定起得很早去赶火车了。
The work ought to have been finished long ago. 这工作早就该完成了。
Something must be done to stop pollution.必须采取措施来制止污染。
情态动词的特征和形式
(三)情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。
You ought to wear a raincoat.你应该穿件雨衣。
A plant must have oxygen in order to live.为了存活植物必须有氧气。
Plants must have oxygen in order to live.为了存活植物必须有氧气。
She ought to wear a raincoat.她应该穿件雨衣。
情态动词的特征和形式
(四)情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。
It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk.今天天气不错,我们可以出去散散步。
在一些场合中,情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。
I'm afraid it might rain tonight.我看今晚可能要下雨。
Could I borrow your book?我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗
情态动词的特征和形式
(五)情态动词是互相排斥的,一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。
[误]Soldiers must have to obey orders.
[正]Will I be able to borrow two books at a time我能一次借两本书吗
[正]Can I borrow two books at a time 我能一次借两本书吗
[误]Can I be able to borrow two books at a time?
[正]Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。
[正]Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。
will和be able to 意义不相近
02.
情态动词的意义和用法
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
You may take this seat if you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。
1,表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。
在口语中可用can,could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也可用might代替,might不表示过去时,而是表示口气比较婉转。
May/Can/Could Might I have a talk with you 我可以和你谈谈吗
→ MayMight I come into the room to see my mother我可以进房间看我母亲吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
提示: May I...问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答
Yes, please.
Certainly.
Yes, of course.
Sure.
Go ahead, please.
肯定回答
No, you can't.(最常见)
No, you mustn't.(具有强烈禁止的意思)
Please don't.
You'd better not.
I don't think you can.
I'm sorry it's not allowed.
否定回答
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
【知识扩展】
may not表示“不可;不许”时,语气较强,有命令、强制的意味,常可用“mustn‘t”代替,用来回答问句“May I .....
→ May/Might I come into the room to see my mother我可以进房间看我母亲吗
→ No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest.不,你不能进。她需要好好休息。
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
Your math teacher may/might be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。
(一般情况下,might表示的可能性很小)
2. 表示推测,可译为“可能,也许”。
在口语中可用can,could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也可用might代替,might不表示may的过去时,而是表示口气比较婉转,所表示的可能性比may要小。
The light isn't on. It may/might be broken.那盏灯没有亮,它可能坏了。
There may/might be some ink left in the bottle.瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。
情态动词的意义和用法
注意: 用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句,在疑问句中通常用can来代替。
Can he be at home 他可能在家吗
→ Can it be true 这可能是真的吗
→ It may be, or may not be.可能是,也可能不是。
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him. 我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。
3.用在目的状语从句中,构成谓语。
He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车,这样他就能及时到达那里。
May that day come soon.希望这一天早日到来。
4.有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
May you be happy.祝你快乐。
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
You may as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实。
5.用于固定习语中
Lisa may well not want to go on the trip ——she hates traveling.
丽莎很可能不想去这次旅行,她讨厌旅行。
”may/might as well+动词原形“意为“还是 ......的好,倒不如.......”,相当于had better;“may/might well+动词原形”意为“很有可能......”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(一)may 和 might
You may as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实。
5.用于固定习语中
Lisa may well not want to go on the trip ——she hates traveling.
丽莎很可能不想去这次旅行,她讨厌旅行。
【知识拓展】表示“不得不,只好”的其他表达:
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
I can swim.我会游泳。
1.表示能力,可译为“能,会”。
Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.
艾米丽舞跳得很好,她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。
The cinema can seat 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳1,000人。
I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.
我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。
can表示一般的能力,指想做就能做到;could泛指过去的能力
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
→ Could I use your dictionary 我可以用一下你的字典吗
2.表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
→ Yes, go ahead. 可以,用吧。(或Yes,you can.但不能说Yes, you could.)
Could/Can you tell me how to get to the zoo
劳驾,你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗
He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
3.表示推测,可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句,但更常见于疑问句或否定句。
Can he be ill at home。他会是生病在家吗
在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别,只是表示可能性的大小,can表示推测的可能性比 could大。
You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时一定不要吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。
He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。
Can the story be true。这个故事会是真的吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
3.表示推测,可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句,但更常见于疑问句或否定句。
【注意】can表示对事实的推测时只用于否定句和疑问句中。对过去的事表示推测时,can后跟“have+过去分词”。couldn't表示的可能性比can't小。
● He can't/couldn't have finished so much work in soshort a time.
他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。(对已发生的事情的推测)
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
3.表示推测,可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句,但更常见于疑问句或否定句。
【知识拓展】
(1)can,could,may,might表示可能性的区别:这四个词表示的可能性从小到大依次为might,may,could,can。注意:在肯定句中不用can;在特殊疑问句中不用may;在否定句中,cannot表示“不可能”,may not表示“可能不”。
(2)在疑问句中表示“可能”时,通常不用may,而用can,be likely,will等。
●Can the story be true 这个故事可能是真的吗
● Is he likely to help me 他会帮助我吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
He can't /couldn't be over sixty.他不可能超过60岁。
How can you be so careless 你怎么这么粗心
Where can /could they have gone 他们会去了哪里
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
5、Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。
If I could fly, I should be very happy.如果我能飞,我会很高兴。
If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.如果你再努力些,你就能通过考试了。
If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的,你早就做完了。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
6、用于固定习语中
I cannot help but admire his courage,strength andcompetence.我不得不赞赏他的勇气、毅力和能力。
When I speak,I can't help making mistakes.当我开口说话时,我禁不住犯错。
—Stop biting your nails.别咬指甲啦。
—I can't help it.我忍不住。
6.1 can't help but do sth.表示“不得不做某事;只好做某事”;can't help(doing)sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
6、用于固定习语中
【知识拓展】表示“不得不;只好”的其他表达有:
can't choose but do
cannot/could not but do
can do nothing but do
例如:
●I cannot choose but be sorry. 除了遗憾,我别无选择。
●One cannot but admire her determination.人们不得不佩服她的决心。
●I can do nothing but wait for him.我别无选择,只好等他。
6.1 can't help but do sth.表示“不得不做某事;只好做某事”;can't help(doing)sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
6、用于固定习语中
●We can't thank you too much for what you have donefor us.
对于你为我们所做的一切,我们怎么感激都不过分。
●You can never do the work too excellent.
这项工作你做得越出色越好。
6.2 cannot/can't…too/enough…表示“无论……都不过分”。有时cannot/can't可用can never代替。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
6、用于固定习语中
●Run as fast as you can.你尽量快跑。
6.3 “as…as+主语+can/could(=as.…as possible)”表示“尽可能……”。
●It cannot be worse.没有比这更坏的了。
●He couldn't have cooked a better meal for me.
这是他给我做的最好的一顿饭。
6.4 cannot,could not与比较级连用,表示最高级。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
7 . can与be able to的区别
[正]Can you speak any foreign languages 你会说外语吗
[正]Are you able to speak any foreign languages 你会说外语吗
[误]The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
[正]The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼,但大家都逃了出来。
[正]The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼,但大家都想法逃了出来。
7.1 can 表示“能力”时,和be able to相当,许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明,表示你有能力时,只能用be able to。
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。(这里could可用was able to代替)
I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.对不起,不能及时帮你的忙。
When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.他长大后就能养家了。
7.2 be able to比can有更多形式。can只有一般式和过去式两种形式,但是be able to 可用于各种时态
Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week.弗兰克病了,已经一周没去上学了。
7 . can与be able to的区别
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
当我们走进屋子时,我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。(不用was able to)
7.3 could经常和动词see,hear, smell, taste, feel,remember,understand等连用。
She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.
虽然她讲话的声音很低,但我还是明白了她说的话。
7 . can与be able to的区别
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
[误]Look! I'm able to swim.
7.4 在谈论说话时发生的动作,用can,不用be able to。
[正]Look! I can swim.看,我会游泳了!
7 . can与be able to的区别
情态动词的意义和用法
(二)can 和 could
7.5 指过去有能力做成某事情时,不用could,而用was/were able to. was/were able to do sth 相当于managed to do sth. 和 succeeded in doing sth
The building was on fire, but luckily everyone in it was able to escape from it.
那栋大楼着火了,但幸运的是,大楼里的每个人都逃了出来。
7 . can与be able to的区别
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
Everyone must obey the rule.人人都必须遵守制度。
Teachers must be patient enough with their students. 老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。
1. must 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,强调主观看法,可译为“必须,应该”。
We must do everything step by step. 我们必须逐步做每件事。
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.你不能在这里右拐,你必须左拐。
My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.我的视力很差,看书时不得不戴眼镜。
2. have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。
When has Ann got to go安必须什么时候走
I've got to work on Sunday.我不得不星期天工作。
提示:在口语中,我们可以使用have got to来代替 have to.
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
I've got to work on Sunday.我不得不星期天工作。
3.must与have to的比较。
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(发自内心的决定)
must与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近,但在用法上有所区别。
3.1 must 含有说话者的强烈决意(表示主观的看法),have to则表示外力环境或习惯使然
(即表示客观的必要,作“不得不”解)。
You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。(becausethere is nowhere else to go)
You must stay for supper. 你必须留下来吃晚饭。(because I want you to)
I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。(外界因素逼迫)
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
3.must与have to的比较。
3.2 must 只有一种形式,而have to可有多种时态。
You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.你必须保密,你不可以告诉任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”)
3.3 must 的否定式和 have to的否定式的意思完全不同。
They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.由于坏天气,他们不得不推迟运动会。
These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.这两天他必须一直在家休息。
You don't have to tell me the secret.你不必告诉我这个秘密。(don't have to意思是“没有必要”=don't need to)
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
4. must用于表示推测,它的肯定程度比may,might,could大得多,一般只用于肯定句。
4.1 must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词),表示对现在状态的推测。
4.2 must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.他肯定很懒,因为他的课桌很不整洁。
Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.
卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了,她每天都做同样的事。
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
多穿点儿衣服,你只穿一件衬衣,肯定觉得冷。
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
4.must用于表示推测,它的肯定程度比may,might,could大得多,一般只用于肯定句。
4.3 must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't have seen me.
提示: must 表示推测只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句要用can,could来代替must。
He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.
They have just arrived here. They can't know many people.
地面是湿的,昨晚肯定下雨了。
他刚吃过午饭,不会饿的。
莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼,他肯定没看见我。
他们刚到这里,不可能认识很多人。
我没听见电话铃响,我一定是睡着了。
情态动词的意义和用法
(三)must 和 have to
We all must die.我们都会死。
Truth must be out.真相必然会大白的。
5.must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事,可译为“必然会,总是会”。
Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了,春天还会远吗
Why must it rain today为什么偏偏在今天下雨
6.must有时可用来表示“偏偏;非要......不可”的意思。
When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
正当我午睡时,偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。
此用法常表示某做法与说话人意愿相反或者说话人的不耐烦等情绪,常用于疑问句和条件句,偶尔也可用于陈述句中。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
Will you have some tea你喝点茶,好吗
Will you share your happiness with us你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗
1. will 和would可用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求和建议等。would比will委婉客气,这里的would不表示过去式。
Would you pass this book to the student in the last row请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗
必背: Will/Would you ...表示请求和建议的答复。
肯定回答
Yes, please.是的,请。
Certainly.当然可以。
Sure.当然了。
All right.好啊!
否定回答
I'm sorry,I can't
No, thank you.不,不行。
No, I won't.不,不行。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
I will never tell you the secret. 我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。
2. will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心,用于各种人称陈述句,would表示过去时。
None is so blind as those who won't see. 不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
3.will和 would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作,would表示过去的习惯动作。
He will surf the Internet every night. 他每天晚上都在上网。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头,看着车辆行人通过。
In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.
课上,他总是问一些蠢问题,他的同学们总是嘲笑他。
He would be nervous when he met strangers.遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
4.will可表示固执坚持,这时will不可使用 ’ll的简略形式。
用于非人称主语时,表示物体的固有性质和倾向。
This glass will not crack under heavy pressure.这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。
He won't do what he's told.他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。
I will take the job, and no one can stop me.我就要这个工作,没有人可阻止我。
The window won't open.窗子打不开。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
5.will 表示将来时间时,不可用于条件状语从句,但will表示意愿或决心时,可用于条件状语从句。
If you will give up smoking, your health will improve.如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话,你的健康状况就会好转。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。
It would be about ten when he left home. 他大约在十点钟离开的家。
6. will和would可表示推论或猜测。
The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be asleep now.
病人一小时前吃的安眠药,现在应该睡着了。
It would be raining when she went home. 她回家时可能正在下雨。
I thought he would have told you about it. 我认为他已告知你此事。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
6. will和would可表示推论或猜测。
--Do you like going go the cinema 你喜欢看电影吗
一-Yes, I go to the cinema a lot.是的,我经常去看电影。
比较:
Would you like ...表示邀请 Do you like ...表示习惯
--Would you like to go to the cinema tonight今天晚上去看电影好吗
一-Yes, I'd love to.非常乐意。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
7. would用于固定结构中
7.1 would like表示“想”,相当于would love,常用于以下结构:
would like sth.表示“想要某物”;
would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”(不可跟动名词);
would like sb.to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”。
●I would like a glass of water.我想喝杯水。
●My mother would like to meet you tomorrow.我妈妈想明天见见你。
●I would like you to go there with me.我想让你和我一起去那里。
情态动词的意义和用法
(四)will 和 would
7. would用于固定结构中
●I would rather stay here for another week.我宁愿在这里再待一周。
●Id rather die than apologize to Helen.我宁可死也不会向海伦道歉。
would rather(not)do sth.表示“宁愿(不)做某事”;
would rather do A than do B(=would do A rather(than do B)表示“宁愿做A也不愿意做B”。
7.2 would rather表示“宁愿”,常用于以下结构:
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
1. shall
Shall the waiter bring meals to your room 要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗
1.1 表示征询意见或请求指示,用于一、三人称疑问句。
Shall I carry it for you 我来帮你搬它,好吗
Shall we sing a song我们唱一支歌,好吗
Shall they wait outside 让他们在外面等吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
1. shall
提示:
Shall I open the window我打开窗子好吗
Will you open the window你打开窗子好吗
Shall he open the window他打开窗子好吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
1. shall
I shall do my homework after reading this story book.读完这本故事书后我就做作业。
1.2 表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
You shall do as I say.按我说的做。(命令)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.我告诉你,总有一天他会后悔的。(警告)
You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.如果你一直玩,你就会在考试中落后。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。(决心)
He shall have the book when I finish reading.我看完这本书就给他看。(允诺)
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
1. shall
1.3 表示义务或规定,用于第三人称时,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或者规定时,意为“必须、应该”
According to the school rules ,no student shall go out of school without the permission of the teachers.
根据学校规定,没有老师的许可,所有学生不准离校。
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.1 表示义务、责任、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。
Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。
One shouldn't be selfish.人千万别自私。
Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they.
没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨,不是吗
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.2 常与what, how, why 等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪,意为“竟然”
How should I know ?我怎么会知道呢?
Why should I fear 我为什么会害怕
I don't know why you should think I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
What should she do but cry for help 除了呼救外,她还能干什么
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.3 表示对过去、现在或将来情况按照常理、经验来进行推测,可译为“可能、照说应该、按道理说应该”。
It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天是晴天。
He should be taking a bath now. 他可能在洗澡。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 已经快七点了,杰克随时都可能到这儿。
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.4 表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评(应做的事却没做)。
You shouldn't have entered the teachers’office without permission. 没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。
The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school.
这些男孩子不应该在踢足球,他们应该在上课。
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.5 用在某些句子中,使语气显得婉转,态度显得谦和
--I suppose there will be a lot of complains. 我猜会有很多抱怨吧。
I shouldn’t think they have gone far.
我不该认为他们已经走远了。
--I should imagine so. 我想应该是的。
情态动词的意义和用法
(五)shall和 should
2. should
2.6 作为shall的过去式,置于 I 或 we 之后,表示打算或者期望做的事
We knew that we should be leaving the next day.我知道我们第二天就要走。
情态动词的意义和用法
(六)ought to
1.表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做),口气比should 稍重。
Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution 难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗
We ought to defend our country.我们应当保卫我们的国家。(每一个公民应尽的义务)
You ought to respect your parents. 你应当尊敬你的父母。
情态动词的意义和用法
(六)ought to
2.表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是,会是”。
There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。
Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
情态动词的意义和用法
(六)ought to
3. ought to和should一样,表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.你上周就应当交练习。(可你没交,含责备的意思。)
You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong
你应该在洗衣服(可是你没洗)。为什么你在打乒乓球
He ought to have asked me before he took my bike.他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。
情态动词的意义和用法
(六)ought to
4._ought to与should的比较。
If you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead.如果你不舒服,你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
You are her mother. You ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲,你应当照管她。(是道义上的责任,不能和should互换。)
ought to和should的含义较近,但不完全相同。ought to多用于反映客观情况,表示“应该”,是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则多用于表达主观看法,是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
We should encourage him for we are his classmates.我们应该鼓励他,我们是他的同班同学啊!
提示:
表示“义务”时,我们在口语中可以用had better 或be supposed to来代替should 和 ought to。
I'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock.我应该八点到那里。
情态动词的意义和用法
(七)used to
1. used to 表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在,use to+动词原形。
Where did you use to live before you came here来此之前你住在什么地方
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. 他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。(强调现在不喝茶了)
I know where there used to be a river here. 我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了)
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是原来的他了。
When I was a child I didn't use to like tomatoes. 我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
情态动词的意义和用法
(七)used to
2._would和used to的用法区别。
He used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。
When he was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。(不含有和现在比较,现在他也许还在抽,也许不抽了。)
2.1、used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,强调“现已无此习惯了”,而would只表示过去的情况,与现在无关。
情态动词的意义和用法
(七)used to
2._would和used to的用法区别。
Kate used to be very thin.以前凯特非常瘦。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。(不用would)
2.2、used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而would只表示过去的习惯动作,且would不含对比的意味。
情态动词的意义和用法
(七)used to
2._would和used to的用法区别。
[误]We would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
[正]Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每当我们在乡下,我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
2.3、used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态,而would表示过去的习惯动作时,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
[正]We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
情态动词的意义和用法
(七)used to
be used to do sth. 与 be/get used to (doing)sth. 的区别:
(2)be/get used to(doing)sth.意为“习惯于(做)某事”。
● My grandfather is used to walking in the park.我爷爷习惯在公园散步。
●I can't get used to the fact that you have grown upnow.我还不习惯你现在已经长大了这个事实。
【知识拓展】
(1)be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
●Wood is used to make desks.木头被用来做桌子。
情态动词的意义和用法
(八)dare
1.情态动词 dare(+动词原形),过去式:dared
I dare not daren't walk through the forest at night. 我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。
He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day. 下雨天他不敢开得太快。
He dared not do it last year. 去年他不敢做这事。(dare的过去时为dared)
1.1、dare 作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句,一般不用于肯定句中。
--- Dare you walk through the forest at night你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗
--- Yes, I dare.是的,我敢。
--- No, I daren't.不,我不敢。
dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(八)dare
1.情态动词 dare
I wonder how he dare say such things. 我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
If you dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment.
如果你们敢在考试中作弊,我就惩罚你们。
1.2、可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。
We don't know whether he dare climb the mountain. 我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
1.3、可以用于条件状语从句中。
If the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敌人敢进入村里,我们就和他们战斗到底。
情态动词的意义和用法
(八)dare
2.行为动词 dare
He will dare any danger.他敢面对任何危险。
2.1、dare 可以作为行为动词,多用于肯定句中,但也可用在疑问句和否定句中;肯定句中,其后+带to的不定式;否定句和疑问句中,其后的to可以省略。
He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。
Did anyone dare to admit it有人敢于承认吗
I have never dared (to) go back to take a look. 我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。(否定句中to可省略)
dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(八)dare
2.行为动词 dare
2.2、和其他行为动词一样,dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
He doesn't dare to walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。
He daren't walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。
Does he dare to walk at night 他敢走夜路吗
Dare he walk at night 他敢走夜路吗
He didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago. 15年前他不敢走夜路。
He daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.15年前他不敢走夜路。
Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow明天你敢做同样的实验吗
Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow 明天你敢做同样的实验吗
dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
行为动词
情态动词
行为动词
情态动词
情态动词的意义和用法
(八)dare
2.行为动词 dare
2.2、和其他行为动词一样,dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
必背:
英语口语中dare的几个常用结构:
I dare say... 我想,大概,可能,或许……
I dare say things will improve. 我想情况会好转的。
How dare you ...你怎么敢……
How dare you ask me such a question你怎么敢问我这样的问题
I dare you ...我谅你也不敢……
I dare you to tell your parents!我谅你也不敢告诉你父母!
dare 既可用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词,指勇气和胆量上的可能,可译为“敢”。
情态动词的意义和用法
(九)need
1.情态动词need
need和 dare一样,作为情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句,一般不用于肯定句中(在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to,should等情态动词取代)。作为情态动词,它的词形只有need一种形式。
You needn't return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
你现在不必还书,如果愿意,你可以下周还。(needn't = don't have to)
Need I hand in my homework now 我现在就要交家庭作业吗
--- Need he finish the article next week他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗
--- Yes, he must.是的,他必须完成。 --- No, he needn't.不,他不需要。(= he doesn't have to)
情态动词的意义和用法
(九)need
2.行为动词need
Plant needs water. 植物需要水。
My shirt needs a button. 我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
My car needs repairing. 我的车该修理了。
He has grown up. We don't need to worry about him. 他已经长大了,我们不必为他担心。
You don't need to buy so many things for the picnic. 你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。
Patience is needed for that job. 干那工作,需要耐心。
need和dare一样,也可以作行为动词,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。
情态动词的意义和用法
(九)need
2.行为动词need
提示:Need作为情态动态时,不要用于肯定句中。
need和dare一样,也可以作行为动词,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。
【误】She need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时,不用于肯定句中)
【正】She needs to do her homework by herself. 她该独立完成家庭作业。
情态动词的意义和用法
(九)need
1.情态动词need
need to do与need doing的区别:
need后接不定式时,不定式的逻辑主语为句子的主语;后接动名词时,应用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,即need doing等同于need to bedone。
● The flowers need watering/to be watered.这些花需要(被)浇水了。
情态动词的意义和用法
(十)had better
● You'd better try it again if you fail this time. 如果你这次失败了,最好再试一次。
●It's much better to get a proper written agreement. 最好是取得一份正规的书面协议。
● Had I better not tell anyone about today's discussion 我是不是最好不要把今天讨论的内容告诉任何人
had better意为“最好”,主要用来表示劝告和建议,没有人称的变化,后接不带to的不定式,其否定式为had better not,疑问式将had提前即可。常用的变化句型为It is better to do sth.,表示“最好做某事”。
03.
巩固练习
巩固练习
—Sorry, I missed your party yesterday because of an unexpected visitor.
— Actually, you________ the party. It was canceled at the last moment.
A.didn’t need to attend B.needn’t have attended
C.shouldn’t have attended D.couldn’t have attended
考查情态动词用法。句意:——对不起,因为一位不速之客,我昨天错过了你的聚会。——事实上,你不需要参加聚会。在最后一刻取消了。A.didn't need to attend不需要参加;B.needn't have attended本不必出席,表示已经出席了;C.shouldn't have attended本不应该参加:表示对过去某个行为的后悔,认为自己不应该做那件事;D.couldn't have attended本来不可能出席,表示过去某个时间或事件不可能发生或不可能做到某事。根据后文“It was canceled at the last moment.”此处指不需要参加,故选A。
A
巩固练习
We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t
考查情态动词。句意:我们不必为细节而烦恼,因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A.mustn't禁止;B.daren't不敢;C.needn't不必;D.cant不能。根据"for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us"可知,因为我们队友会全力帮助我们,所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
C
巩固练习
It used to be that you ___ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A.need B.should C.could D.must
考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。A.need需要;B.should应该,理应如此;C.could可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D.must一定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
C
巩固练习
The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A.should they B.they should
C.dare they D.they dare
考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;
这里表示应该,故选A。
A
巩固练习
In the new TOFEL test, there are questions ________ test takers ________ read, listen and then speak into a microphone.
A.which … must B.which … need
C.where … must ` D.where … need
考查定语从句和情态动词。句意:在新的托福考试中,有一些问题,考生必须阅读、倾听,然后对着麦克风说话。根据句型分析可知,第一空考查定语从句,先行词为questions,在从句中作状语,所以应选where;第二空考查情态动词,need作为情态动词一般只用于否定和疑问句中,肯定句中,need为实义动词,所以第二空应选must。故选C项。
C
巩固练习
In the country Bhutan, weather ______ vary dramatically from place to place, day to day or even within the same day.
A.can B.shall C.must D.need
考查情态动词。句意:在不丹,不同的地方,不同的日子,甚至同一天,天气都有可能有很大的差异。A.can可能;B.shall应该;C.must必须;D.need需要。根据语境分析,can有时可能会(用于偶尔的可能性),用于此处阐述天气比较合适。故选A项。
A
巩固练习
— Why don’t you enter the office They are waiting for you.
— The door ________ open, no matter how hard I pushed.
A.won’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
考查情态动词辨析。句意:——你为什么不进办公室 他们正在等你。——不管我怎么推,门都打不开。A.won't不能,强调实施者执意要开,表意愿,主语可以是人也可以是物;B.can't不能,表示能力;C.mustn't不必;D.needn't不需要。此处主语为door,且表示实施者执意要开,应用won't。故选A。
A
巩固练习
—Who’s singing in the next room Is it Lucy
—It ______ be her. She has gone to New York.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t
考查情态动词。句意:——谁在隔壁房间唱歌 这是露西吗 ——不可能是她。她去纽约了。A.can't不可能;B.shouldn't不应该;C.mustn't不允许,不准;D.won't不会,将不。根据后句“She has gone to New York.”可知,唱歌的人“不可能”是露西,此处考查查情态动词表示否定推测,应用can't。故选A项。
A
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