湖南省部分市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 湖南省部分市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 52.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-16 20:29:25 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
湖南省部分市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
湖南省岳阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Our much-loved 100-Word-Story Competition is back!
Our 100-word-story competition is your chance to show the world your storytelling talents!
Your stories should be original, unpublished and exactly 100 words — not a single word shorter or longer! Entries are now open and the submission deadline is January 5, 2024. Multiple entries are allowed per person. We are unfortunately only able to consider UK-based entries.
Rules
Please ensure that submissions are original, not previously published and exactly 100 words long (not including title). Don’t forget to include your full name, address, email and phone number when filling in the form. We may use entries in all print and electronic media.
There are three categories — one for adults and two categories for schools: one for children aged 12-18 and one for children under 12.
Submission
Please submit your stories by 5pm on January 5, 2024 either online or by post addressed to:
Reader’s Digest
100 Word Story Competition
Warners Group Publications
West Street
Bourne
PE109PH
Prizes
The editorial team will pick a short list of entries, and the three best stories in each category will be posted online at readersdigest. co. uk on February1, 2024. You can vote for your favourite, and the one with the most votes will win the top prize and receive ￡1,000. Voting will close on February 29, 2024 and the winning entries will be posted online on April 16, and published in our May 2024 issue.
PS: Reader’s Digest is a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (which regulates the UK’s magazine and newspaper industry). We abide by the Editors’ Code of Practice and are committed to upholding the highest standards of journalism.
1. Who is likely to qualify for the competition
A. An Indian primary student. B. A well-known Chinese writer.
C. A British writing lover. D. An American chief editor.
2. When will the readers appreciate the best winning works in Reader’s Digest magazine
A. January, 2024. B. June, 2024.
C. February, 2024. D. December, 2023.
3. What can we learn about the competition
A. You have to submit your work before February 1, 2024.
B. Only one story of yours is allowed to be in the competition.
C. Buying one copy of Reader’s Digest is a must to be in the competition.
D. Both preschool children and in-school students can participate in the contest.
B
Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.
None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.
Before long we set about looking for a home in Yucca, Arizona, a very small town of less than 1,000 people. When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What No electricity I almost denied the idea immediately. But what better way is there to go green After giving it a second thought, we decided to put in an offer and moved in on Thanksgiving Day.
When we first moved to the property, we did some remodeling (改造) and stayed in our motor home. We were confronted with real challenges at the time. But the frustrations just made us work harder. We slowly got things fixed and moved into the house after 38 days.
While living here for the past four months has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits to living off the grid (电线). I think one of the most educational lessons is teaching my kids the importance of conservation. They used to take water, power and gas for granted. We started taking quicker showers, doing only full loads of laundry, turning off the water while brushing our teeth. In addition, we are also trying to make other changes which include reducing the amount of trash we generate by recycling, growing our own organic vegetables and re-purposing things that we would normally throw.
Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.
4. Why did the family move to a remote town
A Financial debt forced them to save more money.
B. Having a new lifestyle has become a trend.
C. They reached an agreement to lead a green life.
D. They got a discount on a property accidentally.
5. How did the author feel when she knew the property was non-electricity
A. Satisfied. B. Astonished. C. Relieved. D. Refreshed.
6. When the author’s kids looked back on the life off the grid, they would recall the lesson that_______.
A. saving resources makes a difference B. life is beyond our expectation
C city chaos will disappear sooner or later D. repair the house before it rains
7. What is the text mainly about
A. How urgent it was to lead an environmental-friendly life.
B. How a family of urban-residents switched to a simple life.
C. How significant it was to better adapt to a new environment.
D. How a carbon-free lifestyle has been promoted to the country.
C
The sperm whale is an astonishing creature. It’s longer than a semi-truck, weighs more than 90, 000 pounds and is the largest member of the toothed whale family. It’s known to dive 6, 500 feet in search of food, and to stay down there for longer than an hour at a time.
Perhaps most fantastically, the sperm whale’s brain weighs as much as 20 pounds-the biggest of any species on Earth. But when it comes to brains, is size all that matters There’s a lot we don’t know about the sperm whale’s intelligence because it’s difficult to carry out neurological (神经的) testing on such a huge marine mammal. But some clues point to sperm whales being much smarter than we give them credit for.
A 2021 study published in Biology Letters, for example, looked back to 19th-century historical logbooks from whalers. Researchers found that sperm whales were at first easy to catch-but almost immediately, the whales learned how to evade hunters and whaling success dropped by 60 percent. The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.
Animals that have big brains usually have a few things in common. They usually live long lives; for example, sperm whales can live for 70 years or longer. Additionally, they’re capable of complex behaviors and they tend to be more socia1. Whales may work together to hunt or communicate in a language all their own.
What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking. And like humans, whales have emotional intelligence- meaning they＇re capable of empathy, grief and sadness. Still, in proportion to (与…成比例)our body size, the human brain is bigger than that of the sperm whale.
Yet there’s still so much we don’t know about how smart sperm whales really are. And just like the whalers of a century ago, we have likely been underestimating marine mammals, whether large or small, for as long as we’ve known of their existence.
8. Why do people know little about the sperm whale’s intelligence
A. Sperm whales’ big size makes research difficult.
B. It didn’t attract scientists’ attention until recently.
C. Whalers didn’t keep enough records of their hunting.
D. Sperm whales usually stay deep down in the ocean.
9. What does the underlined word “evade” mean in paragraph 3
A. Track. B. Avoid. C. Locate. D. Trick.
10. What conclusion can we draw from paragraph 5
A. The nerve cells distinguish humans from animals.
B. Sperm whales have smaller brains than humans.
C. Spindle neurons make higher intelligence possible.
D. Emotional intelligence is unique to whales and humans.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Sperm Whales Are Astonishingly Smart
B. Sperm Whales Have the Biggest Brain
C. Break the Code of Whale Language
D. Unlock the Mystery of Sea Mammals
D
Many of the Earth's creatures die because of humans' choices. These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive. What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.
People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags, from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a person's life. Deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough. People who kill wildlife illegally rarely get caught.
During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory. These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants were decreasing. As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).
However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while. In the late 1970s, people protested (抗议) against the killing of seal babies. Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat. The cruel activity stopped. But ten years later, the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.
Other animal protection movements have come and gone, such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins. The whale population appears to have increased for now. And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species. Plenty of them urgently need attention. During this time, will the elephants be forgotten
12. What leads to the disappearance of millions of wild animals
A. The growing human population.
B. Humans’ hope for making a fortune.
C. Humans’ too much need for wild food.
D. Not having enough laws on wildlife protection..
13. What can you infer from the text about what happened in the late 1980s
A. Wildlife protection groups did make great efforts.
B. Importing ivory in all countries is illegal.
C. Those who killed elephants all got caught.
D. Hunting was completely not allowed.
14. Why are seal babies mentioned in Paragraph 4
A. To show the effort to protect seal babies.
B. To show an increasing number of seal babies.
C. To show the decrease of worry about certain species.
D. To show people’s protest against the killing of seal babies.
15. What does the author mean by using the underlined sentence
A. Humans should choose some rare animals to protect.
B. Attention must be paid to saving some endangered wildlife.
C. Success has been achieved in quite a few cases of wildlife protection.
D. Concern and movements for animal protection should be always kept.
湖南省永州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。
A
No doubt you’ve heard of Plato and Socrates, but what about these lot Here are four influential Greek intellectuals that you should know about.
Strabo (c.63 BC—c.AD 25)
Strabo was a lively and sociable geographer who wrote a survey of ancient Mediterranean (地中海). It took him 40 years and is the longest Greek text to survive. It proved fascinating for those who rediscovered it in the Renaissance. Strabo believed that the central Mediterranean had the ideal climate with the result that its people were the most civilized!
Plutarch (c. AD 46—after 119)
Plutarch was a historian and philosopher from a landed family in Boeotia, central Greece. His most famous work was The Parallel Lives which compared one Roman to a Greek equivalent, so the Roman speaker Cicero was discussed alongside the Greek speaker Demosthenes. The Parallel Lives is full of accounts from sources now lost and was greatly influential in later ages.
Ptolemy (c.AD 100—c.170)
Claudius Ptolemy was the genius who composed the most sophisticated (复杂的) ancient paper on astronomy, the Almagest. Despite placing the Earth at the centre of the universe, he gave explanations of the motion (运动) of the planets. Ptolemy also composed a geography which could be used to create fairly accurate maps of the Mediterranean and Asia.
Galen (AD 139—216)
The most famous doctor of the ancient world, Galen studied medicine as well as philosophy and was noted for using logic in his careful observation of his patients. He often achieved cures when other doctors had failed. Many of his works survived which gave him an authority lasting until the 19th century.
1. Who surveyed the ancient Mediterranean
A. Ptolemy. B. Plutarch. C. Strabo. D. Galen.
2. What did Plutarch and Galen have in common
A. They were historians. B. They studied philosophy.
C. They were skilled doctors. D. They specialized in logical reasoning.
3. How was Ptolemy different from the other intellectuals
A. He was a composer of genius. B. He composed The Parallel Lives.
C He spent 40 years writing the longest text. D. He accounted for the movements of the planets.
B
November 14, 2021 was a perfect day for skydiving: sunny, with little wind. I was a greenhand solo jumper; I’d done 14 jumps, not enough to be licensed. It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.
It took about 40 minutes to drive from my home to the hangar (飞机库) near Suffolk. I went up in the plane with a group of 15 for a jump at 1:30 pm. The mood on the plane was light—lots of joking, lots of laughing. My coach and I jumped. After 30 seconds, at around 5,500 feet, we tracked away from each other because we need lots of empty space to safely pull our parachute (降落伞). I looked at my altimeter (高度表) and realized I was lower than I’d thought. The ground was coming up so fast! I knew I had to pull the parachute at roughly 4,000 feet, but in my rush to pull my parachute I hadn’t taken time to balance. The parachute was pulling my right leg up, while the main parachute remained in its bag.
“Just get it off”, I told myself calmly. With the ground rapidly coming into focus below me, I prepared to crash. The two parachutes began pulling in opposite directions, causing me to accelerate hard and fast toward the ground. When I crashed, my body felt like it was on fire. I tried to get up, but I couldn’t move anything below my waist. I lay with my face buried in the grass, fully conscious, for about half an hour before the first two rescuers arrived by ambulance. My injuries were serious: an injured ankle, broken leg and a spinal injury.
In February 2022, three months after the crash, I walked again for the first time and several months after that, I was able to climb to Everest base camp, and I plan to skydive again.
4. Why was the author drawn to skydiving
A. To get a license. B. To have a good mood.
C. To be a better risk taker. D. To pull the parachute.
5. What can we learn about the skydiving according to Paragraph 2
A. The author didn’t pull the parachute timely.
B. The atmosphere before the jump was tense.
C. The author took much time to balance his body.
D. Skydiving requires little empty space to pull the parachute.
6. Which best describes the author
A. Adventurous and calm. B. Cautious and fearless.
C. Independent and serious. D. Strong-willed and humorous.
7. What is the story mainly about
A. An injury caused by an adventure. B. An experience of pulling a parachute.
C. An adventure of skydiving from Everest. D. A survival from a parachute breakdown.
C
In an amusing atmosphere at a historical palace in the Sayeda Zeinab neighborhood of the Egyptian capital Cairo, a large audience of different ages interacted lively during an Aragoz show, the traditional Egyptian hand puppet (木偶) performance. The three-day event was meant to shed light on Aragoz as a unique art performance, give people a chance to see the beauty of puppet shows, and save the art that faces the danger of extinction.
Aragoz is a classic form of Egyptian theater art using traditional hand puppetry. During the performances, puppeteers remain hidden inside a small portable (便携式) stage while an assistant interacts with the puppets and the crowd. It takes its name from the main puppet, whose unique voice is created with a voice modifier (修改器). Performers and the audience interact throughout the show, which creates a comic and entertaining atmosphere, and practitioners must be skilled in controlling the puppets.
The art used to be presented by traveling performers, who moved from one folk celebration to another. However, as these performances began to decline (衰退), performers and their assistants settled permanently (永久地) in fixed places. The number of surviving practitioners has decreased, while many of those who once-performed stories have now disappeared. Many people see the need of protecting the Aragoz shows, explaining that it’s not only an important traditional cultural heritage in the country, but also serves to entertain the public, especially the children.
“The audiences were enjoying our shows. Many of them only saw Aragoz on TV and in movies, while those who saw live Aragoz performances recalled childhood memories,” said Bahgat, a professor of theater at Helwan University. “We are now in the era of technology and direct communication has become limited, so I see that we have an opportunity to spread this art again because virtual social media could not make up for the human need to watch such live shows,” he stressed.
8. Why does the author refer to the three-day performance
A. To tell a story. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To highlight an opinion. D. To explain an argument.
9. What can we learn about the puppeteers
A. They create the puppet’s unique voice.
B. They interact directly with the audience.
C. They perform without being observed by the audience.
D. They must be skilled in interacting throughout the show.
10. What made Aragoz performers settle down
A. The disappearance of many performers.
B. The decline in popularity of the performances.
C. The need to preserve traditional cultural heritage.
D. An increase in the number of surviving practitioners.
11. What is Bahgat’s attitude to the future of the live Aragoz performance
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful.
D
While it might seem like a basic skill to us, self-recognition is an indication that an animal is capable of higher mental processes. It’s most commonly tested using mirrors. Many animals will react to their reflection as though it is another individual, but some are able to recognize that what they’re seeing is themselves.
A few years ago, a team of scientists investigated whether a fish species called cleaner wrasse (清洁隆头鱼) could pass the mirror test. They marked the fish with what looked like a parasite on their throats, and placed a mirror in the tank. Many of the animals saw the mark in their reflections and erased it off their throats, indicating they realized they were looking at themselves.
In a new study, the researchers took it one step further — they wanted to check whether the fish could recognize themselves in a photograph. They presented each cleaner wrasse with four photos: one of themselves, one of an unfamiliar fish, one with their own face on a different fish’s body, and one with an unfamiliar face on their own body.
Cleaner wrasses always attack intruders (侵入者). In this case, they attacked the photos of unfamiliar fish but not the photos of themselves. They also didn’t attack the photos of their face on another body but did attack those of a stranger’s face on their own body, indicating the fish discern facial features more than bodily ones. These photo tests show that the fish aren’t just recognizing themselves by matching movements in a mirror. They can actually build a mental model of their own faces. After all, only fish that had been trained on mirrors could pass the photo tests.
“This study is the first to indicate that fish have an inner sense of self,” said Masanori Kohda. “Since the target animal is a fish, this finding suggests that nearly all social vertebrates (脊椎动物) also have this higher sense of self.”
12. What is the purpose of the new study
A. To find if all fishes have an inner sense of self.
B. To find if the fish species could pass the mirror test.
C. To see whether the fish could identify themselves in a picture.
D. To see whether all social vertebrates have an internal sense of self.
13. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 4 mean
A Recognize. B. Attack. C. Show. D. Build.
14. How was the study carried out
A. By analyzing data. B. By presenting facts.
C. By conducting questionnaires. D. By making comparisons.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. What kind of fish has self-recognition
B. A research on the self-recognition of the fish.
C. The fish capable of higher mental processes.
D. Does all social vertebrates have self-recognition n proper ways.
C. Gaining valuable learning experiences. D. Teaming with friendly microorganisms.
34. Why are some people “walking time bombs”
A. Because they are harmful to the public. B. Because they are good at public speaking.
C. Because they are more easily hurt by stress. D. Because they always stay positive and energetic.
35. What message does the passage mainly convey
A. Getting dirty —Muddy puddles are actually good.
B. Outdoor activities are far more popular than before.
C. Children will have no stress if they live in the countryside.
D. Illnesses can be avoided if children are confident and positive.
参考答案
湖南省岳阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了100字故事比赛的具体要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“We are unfortunately only able to consider UK-based entries. (不幸的是，我们只能考虑英国的参赛作品)”可知，一个英国写作爱好者可能获得比赛资格。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。由文章Prizes部分中“Voting will close on February 29, 2024 and the winning entries will be posted online on April 16, and published in our May 2024 issue. (投票将于2024年2月29日结束，获奖作品将于4月16日在网上公布，并发表在我们2024年5月的那期杂志上)”可知，2024年6月读者才能欣赏到《读者文摘》杂志上最优秀的获奖作品。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Rules部分中“There are three categories — one for adults and two categories for schools: one for children aged 12-18 and one for children under 12. (有三个类别，一个是成人，两个是学校：一个是12-18岁的儿童，一个是12岁以下的儿童)”可知，学龄前儿童和在校学生都可以参加比赛。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家从繁忙喧嚣的拉斯维加斯搬到了亚利桑那州一个偏远小镇的经历。他们希望过一种更加自给自足的生活，体验绿色环保。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）以及第二段“None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.”（我们都觉得在我们住的地方不可能做到这一点，我们都认为搬到乡下对每个人来说都是件好事。）可知，这家人搬到一个偏远的小镇是因为他们都一致同意过绿色生活。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What No electricity I almost denied the idea immediately.”（当我打电话询问物业情况时，我被告知该地区没有电。怎么啦？没有电？我几乎马上就否认了这个想法。）可推知，当作者知道房子没有电的时候，她是感到惊讶的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.”（总的来说，离开电网对我们家来说是件好事。我希望，一旦我的孩子们搬出去，他们会保持他们在远离电网的生活中养成的习惯。）可知，作者教育孩子节约用水、电和气体的重要性，希望他们能保持这种习惯。因此，他们将回想起这个教训。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）可知，整篇文章讲述了作者一家如何从城市搬到乡村，过一种自给自足、没有电线的生活，即一家城市居民家庭如何转向简单的生活。故选B项。
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大型海洋动物——抹香鲸。研究人员发现，目前已有线索表明抹香鲸比人类所以为的要聪明得多。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There’s a lot we don’t know about the sperm whale’s intelligence because it’s difficult to carry out neurological (神经的) testing on such a huge marine mammal.(我们对抹香鲸的智力知之甚少，因为很难对这样一种巨大的海洋哺乳动物进行神经学测试。)”可知，抹香鲸的巨大体型使得我们很难对它进行神经测试。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“whaling success dropped by 60 percent(捕鲸的成功率下降了60%)”可知，抹香鲸是学会了如何躲避捕鱼人。选项A“Track (跟踪)”；选项B“Avoid (避免)”；选项C“Locate (定位)”；选项D“Trick (戏弄)”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking. And like humans, whales have emotional intelligence- meaning they’re capable of empathy, grief and sadness. (更重要的是，人类、鲸鱼和海豚的大脑中都有纺锤形神经元。这些神经细胞使我们能够进行更深入的思考，比如推理技能、记忆、沟通和适应性思维。和人类一样，鲸鱼也有情商——这意味着它们能够感同身受、悲伤和悲伤。)”可知，纺锤形神经元使生物能够进行深入思考和适应性思维等，而这一切，使得生物会具有一定智商。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But some clues point to sperm whales being much smarter than we give them credit for.(但一些线索表明抹香鲸比我们想象的要聪明得多。)”、第三段“The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.(研究表明，鲸鱼通过声波相互传递信息，以避免被捕获。)”、第四段“Additionally, they’re capable of complex behaviors and they tend to be more socia1. Whales may work together to hunt or communicate in a language all their own.(此外，它们有能力做出复杂的行为，而且往往更善于社交。鲸鱼可能会一起捕猎，或者用它们自己的语言交流。)”以及第五段“What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking.(更重要的是，人类、鲸鱼和海豚的大脑中都有纺锤形神经元。这些神经细胞使我们能够进行更深入的思考，比如推理技能、记忆、沟通和适应性思维。)”可知，文章主要讲述了抹香鲸是一种高智商的生物，极其聪明。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。人类猎杀动物获利，当野生动物保护组织让人们了解到野生动物被非法捕杀数量不断减少时，人们才行动起来抵制用野生动物制作的产品，法律更加严厉制裁偷猎者。但是人们对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，作者希望对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.”（世界上数百万动物死亡的原因是人类想赚钱），可知，人类希望发财导致了数百万野生动物的消失，文中“kills millions of animals”（ 数百万的动物死亡）和问句中的“the disappearance of millions of wild animals”（数百万野生动物的消失）相呼应；文中“humans want to make money”（人类想赚钱）和B选项“Humans’ hope for making a fortune”（人类希望发财）相呼应。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三句中的“During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory...As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).”（ 20世纪80年代末，拯救大象成了一个流行的事业。野生动物保护组织确保每个人都看到大象的照片或电影：它们的脸被切掉以获取象牙……结果，大多数人不再购买象牙制品。禁止偷猎的法律变得更加严格。许多国家禁止进口象牙。为得到象牙而捕杀大象变得更危险，利润也更低。），可知，在20世纪80年代末，野生动物保护组织确实做出了巨大努力。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while.”（ 然而，对某些物种的关注会在一段时间后减弱。），可知，第4段提到了海豹宝宝，目的是表明对某些物种的担忧减少了。文中的“concern for certain species”与C选项中“worry about certain species”相对应；文中的“become weak”和C选项中“the decrease”相对应。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Other animal protection movements have come and gone...”(其他动物保护运动来了又去……)和最后一段第一句“In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species.”（在未来的几年里，人们的关注力可能会转向其他一些濒危物种。），可知，对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，那么在人们关注其他濒危物种时，大象会被遗忘吗？可以推断，作者说这句话的意思是，对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。故选D。
湖南省永州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位有影响力的希腊知识分子。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ptolemy also composed a geography which could be used to create fairly accurate maps of the Mediterranean and Asia.(托勒密还撰写了一本地理学，可以用来绘制相当精确的地中海和亚洲地图)”可知，托勒密勘测了古代地中海。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Plutarch was a historian and philosopher from a landed family in Boeotia, central Greece.(普鲁塔克是一位历史学家和哲学家，来自希腊中部波奥提亚的一个地主家庭)”以及最后一段“The most famous doctor of the ancient world, Galen studied medicine as well as philosophy and was noted for using logic in his careful observation of his patients.(盖伦是古代世界最著名的医生，他学习医学和哲学，并以在仔细观察病人时运用逻辑而闻名)”可知，普鲁塔克和盖伦的共同之处是都研究哲学。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Despite placing the Earth at the centre of the universe, he gave explanations of the motion (运动) of the planets.(尽管他认为地球是宇宙的中心，但他对行星的运动做出了解释)”可知，托勒密与其他知识分子的不同在于他解释了行星的运行。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次跳伞经历，作者在下降过程中没有及时拉降落伞，结果狠狠撞到了地面，导致伤势严重。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.(它吓到我了，但恐惧总能让你成为更好的冒险者，对吧？这就是我喜欢跳伞的原因)”可知，作者喜欢跳伞是因为可以成为更好的冒险者。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“After 30 seconds, at around 5,500 feet, we tracked away from each other because we need lots of empty space to safely pull our parachute (降落伞). I looked at my altimeter (高度表) and realized I was lower than I’d thought. The ground was coming up so fast!(30秒后，在大约5500英尺的高空，我们彼此拉开了距离，因为我们需要大量的空间来安全拉动降落伞。我看了看我的高度计，意识到我比我想象的要低。到地面下降得太快了！)”可知，作者没有及时拉降落伞。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.(它吓到我了，但恐惧总能让你成为更好的冒险者，对吧？这就是我喜欢跳伞的原因)”以及倒数第二段“ “Just get it off”, I told myself calmly.(“把它弄掉吧”，我平静地告诉自己)”可推知，作者有冒险精神和冷静。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了作者一次跳伞经历，作者在下降过程中没有及时拉降落伞，结果狠狠撞到了地面，导致伤势严重。可知，这个故事的主要内容是拉动降落伞的经历。故选B。
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种传统的木偶表演——阿拉戈兹，介绍了其历史以及表演特色。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The three-day event was meant to shed light on Aragoz as a unique art performance, give people a chance to see the beauty of puppet shows, and save the art that faces the danger of extinction.(为期三天的活动是为了让人们了解阿拉戈兹作为一种独特的艺术表演，让人们有机会看到木偶戏的美丽，拯救面临灭绝危险的艺术)”可推知，作者提到三天的演出是为了引入话题。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“During the performances, puppeteers remain hidden inside a small portable (便携式的) stage while an assistant interacts with the puppets and the crowd.(在表演过程中，木偶操纵者隐藏在一个小型的便携式舞台中，而助手则与木偶和观众互动)”可知，木偶操纵者在没有观众看到的情况下表演。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“However, as these performances began to decline (衰退), performers and their assistants settled permanently (永久地) in fixed places. The number of surviving practitioners has decreased, while many of those who once-performed stories have now disappeared.(然而，由于这些表演开始减少，表演者和他们的助手就永久地定居在固定的地方。幸存的表演者数量已经减少，而许多曾经表演故事的人现在已经消失了)”可知，许多表演者的消失让阿拉戈兹的表演者定居下来。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We are now in the era of technology and direct communication has become limited, so I see that we have an opportunity to spread this art again because virtual social media could not make up for the human need to watch such live shows(我们现在处于科技时代，直接交流已经变得有限，所以我认为我们有机会再次传播这种艺术，因为虚拟社交媒体无法弥补人们观看这种现场表演的需求)”可推知，巴格特对未来阿拉戈兹现场表演的态度是积极支持的。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过镜子测试和照片测试来研究清洁隆头鱼（cleaner wrasse）是否具有自我认知能力的过程和结果。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In a new study, the researchers took it one step further — they wanted to check whether the fish could recognize themselves in a photograph.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员更进一步——他们想检查这些鱼是否能在照片中认出自己)”可知，这项新研究的目的是看看这些鱼能否在照片中认出自己。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“These photo tests show that the fish aren’t just recognizing themselves by matching movements in a mirror. They can actually build a mental model of their own faces.(这些照片测试表明，这些鱼不仅仅是通过匹配镜子中的动作来识别自己。他们实际上可以建立自己面部的心理模型)”可知，这些鱼类建立自己面部的心理模型，所以它们能够识别面部特征，推知discern是“识别”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They presented each cleaner wrasse with four photos: one of themselves, one of an unfamiliar fish, one with their own face on a different fish’s body, and one with an unfamiliar face on their own body.(他们给每只清洁濑鱼看四张照片:一张是他们自己的，一张是一条不熟悉的鱼，一张是他们自己的脸在另一条鱼的身上，还有一张是自己不熟悉的脸在自己身上)”以及第四段“Cleaner wrasses always attack intruders (侵入者). In this case, they attacked the photos of unfamiliar fish but not the photos of themselves. They also didn’t attack the photos of their face on another body but did attack those of a stranger’s face on their own body, indicating the fish discern facial features more than bodily ones.(清洁隆头鱼总是攻击入侵者。在这种情况下，它们会攻击陌生鱼的照片，但不会攻击自己的照片。它们也不会攻击自己脸在另一具身体上的照片，但会攻击陌生鱼脸在自己身体上的照片，这表明鱼更能辨别面部特征而不是身体特征)”可知，这项研究是通过比较清洁隆头鱼看到不同照片后的行为来进行的。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A few years ago, a team of scientists investigated whether a fish species called cleaner wrasse (清洁隆头鱼) could pass the mirror test. They marked the fish with what looked like a parasite on their throats, and placed a mirror in the tank. Many of the animals saw the mark in their reflections and erased it off their throats, indicating they realized they were looking at themselves.(几年前，一组科学家研究了一种名为清洁隆头鱼的鱼类是否能通过镜子测试。他们在鱼的喉咙上标记了看起来像寄生虫的东西，并在鱼缸里放了一面镜子。许多动物在倒影中看到了标记，并擦掉了喉咙上的标记，这表明它们意识到自己在看自己)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们通过镜子测试和照片测试来研究清洁隆头鱼（cleaner wrasse）是否具有自我认知能力的过程和结果，所以B项“A research on the self-recognition of the fish.(鱼类自我识别的研究)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
阅读理解
湖南省岳阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Our much-loved 100-Word-Story Competition is back!
Our 100-word-story competition is your chance to show the world your storytelling talents!
Your stories should be original, unpublished and exactly 100 words — not a single word shorter or longer! Entries are now open and the submission deadline is January 5, 2024. Multiple entries are allowed per person. We are unfortunately only able to consider UK-based entries.
Rules
Please ensure that submissions are original, not previously published and exactly 100 words long (not including title). Don’t forget to include your full name, address, email and phone number when filling in the form. We may use entries in all print and electronic media.
There are three categories — one for adults and two categories for schools: one for children aged 12-18 and one for children under 12.
Submission
Please submit your stories by 5pm on January 5, 2024 either online or by post addressed to:
Reader’s Digest
100 Word Story Competition
Warners Group Publications
West Street
Bourne
PE109PH
Prizes
The editorial team will pick a short list of entries, and the three best stories in each category will be posted online at readersdigest. co. uk on February1, 2024. You can vote for your favourite, and the one with the most votes will win the top prize and receive ￡1,000. Voting will close on February 29, 2024 and the winning entries will be posted online on April 16, and published in our May 2024 issue.
PS: Reader’s Digest is a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (which regulates the UK’s magazine and newspaper industry). We abide by the Editors’ Code of Practice and are committed to upholding the highest standards of journalism.
1. Who is likely to qualify for the competition
A. An Indian primary student. B. A well-known Chinese writer.
C. A British writing lover. D. An American chief editor.
2. When will the readers appreciate the best winning works in Reader’s Digest magazine
A. January, 2024. B. June, 2024.
C. February, 2024. D. December, 2023.
3. What can we learn about the competition
A. You have to submit your work before February 1, 2024.
B. Only one story of yours is allowed to be in the competition.
C. Buying one copy of Reader’s Digest is a must to be in the competition.
D. Both preschool children and in-school students can participate in the contest.
B
Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.
None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.
Before long we set about looking for a home in Yucca, Arizona, a very small town of less than 1,000 people. When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What No electricity I almost denied the idea immediately. But what better way is there to go green After giving it a second thought, we decided to put in an offer and moved in on Thanksgiving Day.
When we first moved to the property, we did some remodeling (改造) and stayed in our motor home. We were confronted with real challenges at the time. But the frustrations just made us work harder. We slowly got things fixed and moved into the house after 38 days.
While living here for the past four months has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits to living off the grid (电线). I think one of the most educational lessons is teaching my kids the importance of conservation. They used to take water, power and gas for granted. We started taking quicker showers, doing only full loads of laundry, turning off the water while brushing our teeth. In addition, we are also trying to make other changes which include reducing the amount of trash we generate by recycling, growing our own organic vegetables and re-purposing things that we would normally throw.
Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.
4. Why did the family move to a remote town
A Financial debt forced them to save more money.
B. Having a new lifestyle has become a trend.
C. They reached an agreement to lead a green life.
D. They got a discount on a property accidentally.
5. How did the author feel when she knew the property was non-electricity
A. Satisfied. B. Astonished. C. Relieved. D. Refreshed.
6. When the author’s kids looked back on the life off the grid, they would recall the lesson that_______.
A. saving resources makes a difference B. life is beyond our expectation
C city chaos will disappear sooner or later D. repair the house before it rains
7. What is the text mainly about
A. How urgent it was to lead an environmental-friendly life.
B. How a family of urban-residents switched to a simple life.
C. How significant it was to better adapt to a new environment.
D. How a carbon-free lifestyle has been promoted to the country.
C
The sperm whale is an astonishing creature. It’s longer than a semi-truck, weighs more than 90, 000 pounds and is the largest member of the toothed whale family. It’s known to dive 6, 500 feet in search of food, and to stay down there for longer than an hour at a time.
Perhaps most fantastically, the sperm whale’s brain weighs as much as 20 pounds-the biggest of any species on Earth. But when it comes to brains, is size all that matters There’s a lot we don’t know about the sperm whale’s intelligence because it’s difficult to carry out neurological (神经的) testing on such a huge marine mammal. But some clues point to sperm whales being much smarter than we give them credit for.
A 2021 study published in Biology Letters, for example, looked back to 19th-century historical logbooks from whalers. Researchers found that sperm whales were at first easy to catch-but almost immediately, the whales learned how to evade hunters and whaling success dropped by 60 percent. The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.
Animals that have big brains usually have a few things in common. They usually live long lives; for example, sperm whales can live for 70 years or longer. Additionally, they’re capable of complex behaviors and they tend to be more socia1. Whales may work together to hunt or communicate in a language all their own.
What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking. And like humans, whales have emotional intelligence- meaning they＇re capable of empathy, grief and sadness. Still, in proportion to (与…成比例)our body size, the human brain is bigger than that of the sperm whale.
Yet there’s still so much we don’t know about how smart sperm whales really are. And just like the whalers of a century ago, we have likely been underestimating marine mammals, whether large or small, for as long as we’ve known of their existence.
8. Why do people know little about the sperm whale’s intelligence
A. Sperm whales’ big size makes research difficult.
B. It didn’t attract scientists’ attention until recently.
C. Whalers didn’t keep enough records of their hunting.
D. Sperm whales usually stay deep down in the ocean.
9. What does the underlined word “evade” mean in paragraph 3
A. Track. B. Avoid. C. Locate. D. Trick.
10. What conclusion can we draw from paragraph 5
A. The nerve cells distinguish humans from animals.
B. Sperm whales have smaller brains than humans.
C. Spindle neurons make higher intelligence possible.
D. Emotional intelligence is unique to whales and humans.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Sperm Whales Are Astonishingly Smart
B. Sperm Whales Have the Biggest Brain
C. Break the Code of Whale Language
D. Unlock the Mystery of Sea Mammals
D
Many of the Earth's creatures die because of humans' choices. These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive. What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.
People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags, from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a person's life. Deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough. People who kill wildlife illegally rarely get caught.
During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory. These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants were decreasing. As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).
However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while. In the late 1970s, people protested (抗议) against the killing of seal babies. Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat. The cruel activity stopped. But ten years later, the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.
Other animal protection movements have come and gone, such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins. The whale population appears to have increased for now. And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species. Plenty of them urgently need attention. During this time, will the elephants be forgotten
12. What leads to the disappearance of millions of wild animals
A. The growing human population.
B. Humans’ hope for making a fortune.
C. Humans’ too much need for wild food.
D. Not having enough laws on wildlife protection..
13. What can you infer from the text about what happened in the late 1980s
A. Wildlife protection groups did make great efforts.
B. Importing ivory in all countries is illegal.
C. Those who killed elephants all got caught.
D. Hunting was completely not allowed.
14. Why are seal babies mentioned in Paragraph 4
A. To show the effort to protect seal babies.
B. To show an increasing number of seal babies.
C. To show the decrease of worry about certain species.
D. To show people’s protest against the killing of seal babies.
15. What does the author mean by using the underlined sentence
A. Humans should choose some rare animals to protect.
B. Attention must be paid to saving some endangered wildlife.
C. Success has been achieved in quite a few cases of wildlife protection.
D. Concern and movements for animal protection should be always kept.
湖南省永州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。
A
No doubt you’ve heard of Plato and Socrates, but what about these lot Here are four influential Greek intellectuals that you should know about.
Strabo (c.63 BC—c.AD 25)
Strabo was a lively and sociable geographer who wrote a survey of ancient Mediterranean (地中海). It took him 40 years and is the longest Greek text to survive. It proved fascinating for those who rediscovered it in the Renaissance. Strabo believed that the central Mediterranean had the ideal climate with the result that its people were the most civilized!
Plutarch (c. AD 46—after 119)
Plutarch was a historian and philosopher from a landed family in Boeotia, central Greece. His most famous work was The Parallel Lives which compared one Roman to a Greek equivalent, so the Roman speaker Cicero was discussed alongside the Greek speaker Demosthenes. The Parallel Lives is full of accounts from sources now lost and was greatly influential in later ages.
Ptolemy (c.AD 100—c.170)
Claudius Ptolemy was the genius who composed the most sophisticated (复杂的) ancient paper on astronomy, the Almagest. Despite placing the Earth at the centre of the universe, he gave explanations of the motion (运动) of the planets. Ptolemy also composed a geography which could be used to create fairly accurate maps of the Mediterranean and Asia.
Galen (AD 139—216)
The most famous doctor of the ancient world, Galen studied medicine as well as philosophy and was noted for using logic in his careful observation of his patients. He often achieved cures when other doctors had failed. Many of his works survived which gave him an authority lasting until the 19th century.
1. Who surveyed the ancient Mediterranean
A. Ptolemy. B. Plutarch. C. Strabo. D. Galen.
2. What did Plutarch and Galen have in common
A. They were historians. B. They studied philosophy.
C. They were skilled doctors. D. They specialized in logical reasoning.
3. How was Ptolemy different from the other intellectuals
A. He was a composer of genius. B. He composed The Parallel Lives.
C He spent 40 years writing the longest text. D. He accounted for the movements of the planets.
B
November 14, 2021 was a perfect day for skydiving: sunny, with little wind. I was a greenhand solo jumper; I’d done 14 jumps, not enough to be licensed. It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.
It took about 40 minutes to drive from my home to the hangar (飞机库) near Suffolk. I went up in the plane with a group of 15 for a jump at 1:30 pm. The mood on the plane was light—lots of joking, lots of laughing. My coach and I jumped. After 30 seconds, at around 5,500 feet, we tracked away from each other because we need lots of empty space to safely pull our parachute (降落伞). I looked at my altimeter (高度表) and realized I was lower than I’d thought. The ground was coming up so fast! I knew I had to pull the parachute at roughly 4,000 feet, but in my rush to pull my parachute I hadn’t taken time to balance. The parachute was pulling my right leg up, while the main parachute remained in its bag.
“Just get it off”, I told myself calmly. With the ground rapidly coming into focus below me, I prepared to crash. The two parachutes began pulling in opposite directions, causing me to accelerate hard and fast toward the ground. When I crashed, my body felt like it was on fire. I tried to get up, but I couldn’t move anything below my waist. I lay with my face buried in the grass, fully conscious, for about half an hour before the first two rescuers arrived by ambulance. My injuries were serious: an injured ankle, broken leg and a spinal injury.
In February 2022, three months after the crash, I walked again for the first time and several months after that, I was able to climb to Everest base camp, and I plan to skydive again.
4. Why was the author drawn to skydiving
A. To get a license. B. To have a good mood.
C. To be a better risk taker. D. To pull the parachute.
5. What can we learn about the skydiving according to Paragraph 2
A. The author didn’t pull the parachute timely.
B. The atmosphere before the jump was tense.
C. The author took much time to balance his body.
D. Skydiving requires little empty space to pull the parachute.
6. Which best describes the author
A. Adventurous and calm. B. Cautious and fearless.
C. Independent and serious. D. Strong-willed and humorous.
7. What is the story mainly about
A. An injury caused by an adventure. B. An experience of pulling a parachute.
C. An adventure of skydiving from Everest. D. A survival from a parachute breakdown.
C
In an amusing atmosphere at a historical palace in the Sayeda Zeinab neighborhood of the Egyptian capital Cairo, a large audience of different ages interacted lively during an Aragoz show, the traditional Egyptian hand puppet (木偶) performance. The three-day event was meant to shed light on Aragoz as a unique art performance, give people a chance to see the beauty of puppet shows, and save the art that faces the danger of extinction.
Aragoz is a classic form of Egyptian theater art using traditional hand puppetry. During the performances, puppeteers remain hidden inside a small portable (便携式) stage while an assistant interacts with the puppets and the crowd. It takes its name from the main puppet, whose unique voice is created with a voice modifier (修改器). Performers and the audience interact throughout the show, which creates a comic and entertaining atmosphere, and practitioners must be skilled in controlling the puppets.
The art used to be presented by traveling performers, who moved from one folk celebration to another. However, as these performances began to decline (衰退), performers and their assistants settled permanently (永久地) in fixed places. The number of surviving practitioners has decreased, while many of those who once-performed stories have now disappeared. Many people see the need of protecting the Aragoz shows, explaining that it’s not only an important traditional cultural heritage in the country, but also serves to entertain the public, especially the children.
“The audiences were enjoying our shows. Many of them only saw Aragoz on TV and in movies, while those who saw live Aragoz performances recalled childhood memories,” said Bahgat, a professor of theater at Helwan University. “We are now in the era of technology and direct communication has become limited, so I see that we have an opportunity to spread this art again because virtual social media could not make up for the human need to watch such live shows,” he stressed.
8. Why does the author refer to the three-day performance
A. To tell a story. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To highlight an opinion. D. To explain an argument.
9. What can we learn about the puppeteers
A. They create the puppet’s unique voice.
B. They interact directly with the audience.
C. They perform without being observed by the audience.
D. They must be skilled in interacting throughout the show.
10. What made Aragoz performers settle down
A. The disappearance of many performers.
B. The decline in popularity of the performances.
C. The need to preserve traditional cultural heritage.
D. An increase in the number of surviving practitioners.
11. What is Bahgat’s attitude to the future of the live Aragoz performance
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful.
D
While it might seem like a basic skill to us, self-recognition is an indication that an animal is capable of higher mental processes. It’s most commonly tested using mirrors. Many animals will react to their reflection as though it is another individual, but some are able to recognize that what they’re seeing is themselves.
A few years ago, a team of scientists investigated whether a fish species called cleaner wrasse (清洁隆头鱼) could pass the mirror test. They marked the fish with what looked like a parasite on their throats, and placed a mirror in the tank. Many of the animals saw the mark in their reflections and erased it off their throats, indicating they realized they were looking at themselves.
In a new study, the researchers took it one step further — they wanted to check whether the fish could recognize themselves in a photograph. They presented each cleaner wrasse with four photos: one of themselves, one of an unfamiliar fish, one with their own face on a different fish’s body, and one with an unfamiliar face on their own body.
Cleaner wrasses always attack intruders (侵入者). In this case, they attacked the photos of unfamiliar fish but not the photos of themselves. They also didn’t attack the photos of their face on another body but did attack those of a stranger’s face on their own body, indicating the fish discern facial features more than bodily ones. These photo tests show that the fish aren’t just recognizing themselves by matching movements in a mirror. They can actually build a mental model of their own faces. After all, only fish that had been trained on mirrors could pass the photo tests.
“This study is the first to indicate that fish have an inner sense of self,” said Masanori Kohda. “Since the target animal is a fish, this finding suggests that nearly all social vertebrates (脊椎动物) also have this higher sense of self.”
12. What is the purpose of the new study
A. To find if all fishes have an inner sense of self.
B. To find if the fish species could pass the mirror test.
C. To see whether the fish could identify themselves in a picture.
D. To see whether all social vertebrates have an internal sense of self.
13. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 4 mean
A Recognize. B. Attack. C. Show. D. Build.
14. How was the study carried out
A. By analyzing data. B. By presenting facts.
C. By conducting questionnaires. D. By making comparisons.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. What kind of fish has self-recognition
B. A research on the self-recognition of the fish.
C. The fish capable of higher mental processes.
D. Does all social vertebrates have self-recognition n proper ways.
C. Gaining valuable learning experiences. D. Teaming with friendly microorganisms.
34. Why are some people “walking time bombs”
A. Because they are harmful to the public. B. Because they are good at public speaking.
C. Because they are more easily hurt by stress. D. Because they always stay positive and energetic.
35. What message does the passage mainly convey
A. Getting dirty —Muddy puddles are actually good.
B. Outdoor activities are far more popular than before.
C. Children will have no stress if they live in the countryside.
D. Illnesses can be avoided if children are confident and positive.
参考答案
湖南省岳阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了100字故事比赛的具体要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“We are unfortunately only able to consider UK-based entries. (不幸的是，我们只能考虑英国的参赛作品)”可知，一个英国写作爱好者可能获得比赛资格。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。由文章Prizes部分中“Voting will close on February 29, 2024 and the winning entries will be posted online on April 16, and published in our May 2024 issue. (投票将于2024年2月29日结束，获奖作品将于4月16日在网上公布，并发表在我们2024年5月的那期杂志上)”可知，2024年6月读者才能欣赏到《读者文摘》杂志上最优秀的获奖作品。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Rules部分中“There are three categories — one for adults and two categories for schools: one for children aged 12-18 and one for children under 12. (有三个类别，一个是成人，两个是学校：一个是12-18岁的儿童，一个是12岁以下的儿童)”可知，学龄前儿童和在校学生都可以参加比赛。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家从繁忙喧嚣的拉斯维加斯搬到了亚利桑那州一个偏远小镇的经历。他们希望过一种更加自给自足的生活，体验绿色环保。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）以及第二段“None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.”（我们都觉得在我们住的地方不可能做到这一点，我们都认为搬到乡下对每个人来说都是件好事。）可知，这家人搬到一个偏远的小镇是因为他们都一致同意过绿色生活。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What No electricity I almost denied the idea immediately.”（当我打电话询问物业情况时，我被告知该地区没有电。怎么啦？没有电？我几乎马上就否认了这个想法。）可推知，当作者知道房子没有电的时候，她是感到惊讶的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.”（总的来说，离开电网对我们家来说是件好事。我希望，一旦我的孩子们搬出去，他们会保持他们在远离电网的生活中养成的习惯。）可知，作者教育孩子节约用水、电和气体的重要性，希望他们能保持这种习惯。因此，他们将回想起这个教训。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）可知，整篇文章讲述了作者一家如何从城市搬到乡村，过一种自给自足、没有电线的生活，即一家城市居民家庭如何转向简单的生活。故选B项。
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大型海洋动物——抹香鲸。研究人员发现，目前已有线索表明抹香鲸比人类所以为的要聪明得多。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There’s a lot we don’t know about the sperm whale’s intelligence because it’s difficult to carry out neurological (神经的) testing on such a huge marine mammal.(我们对抹香鲸的智力知之甚少，因为很难对这样一种巨大的海洋哺乳动物进行神经学测试。)”可知，抹香鲸的巨大体型使得我们很难对它进行神经测试。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“whaling success dropped by 60 percent(捕鲸的成功率下降了60%)”可知，抹香鲸是学会了如何躲避捕鱼人。选项A“Track (跟踪)”；选项B“Avoid (避免)”；选项C“Locate (定位)”；选项D“Trick (戏弄)”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking. And like humans, whales have emotional intelligence- meaning they’re capable of empathy, grief and sadness. (更重要的是，人类、鲸鱼和海豚的大脑中都有纺锤形神经元。这些神经细胞使我们能够进行更深入的思考，比如推理技能、记忆、沟通和适应性思维。和人类一样，鲸鱼也有情商——这意味着它们能够感同身受、悲伤和悲伤。)”可知，纺锤形神经元使生物能够进行深入思考和适应性思维等，而这一切，使得生物会具有一定智商。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But some clues point to sperm whales being much smarter than we give them credit for.(但一些线索表明抹香鲸比我们想象的要聪明得多。)”、第三段“The study suggests that the whales passed information to one another through soundwaves to avoid being caught.(研究表明，鲸鱼通过声波相互传递信息，以避免被捕获。)”、第四段“Additionally, they’re capable of complex behaviors and they tend to be more socia1. Whales may work together to hunt or communicate in a language all their own.(此外，它们有能力做出复杂的行为，而且往往更善于社交。鲸鱼可能会一起捕猎，或者用它们自己的语言交流。)”以及第五段“What’s more, humans, whales and dolphins all have spindle neurons in their brains. These nerve cells make us capable of deeper thought, such as reasoning skills, memory, communication and adaptive thinking.(更重要的是，人类、鲸鱼和海豚的大脑中都有纺锤形神经元。这些神经细胞使我们能够进行更深入的思考，比如推理技能、记忆、沟通和适应性思维。)”可知，文章主要讲述了抹香鲸是一种高智商的生物，极其聪明。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。人类猎杀动物获利，当野生动物保护组织让人们了解到野生动物被非法捕杀数量不断减少时，人们才行动起来抵制用野生动物制作的产品，法律更加严厉制裁偷猎者。但是人们对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，作者希望对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.”（世界上数百万动物死亡的原因是人类想赚钱），可知，人类希望发财导致了数百万野生动物的消失，文中“kills millions of animals”（ 数百万的动物死亡）和问句中的“the disappearance of millions of wild animals”（数百万野生动物的消失）相呼应；文中“humans want to make money”（人类想赚钱）和B选项“Humans’ hope for making a fortune”（人类希望发财）相呼应。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三句中的“During the late 1980s, saving elephants became a popular cause. Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory...As a result, most people stopped buying objects made of ivory. Laws against poaching (偷猎) were made stronger. Many countries made importing ivory illegal. Killing elephants for their Ivory became more risky and less profitable (有利可图的).”（ 20世纪80年代末，拯救大象成了一个流行的事业。野生动物保护组织确保每个人都看到大象的照片或电影：它们的脸被切掉以获取象牙……结果，大多数人不再购买象牙制品。禁止偷猎的法律变得更加严格。许多国家禁止进口象牙。为得到象牙而捕杀大象变得更危险，利润也更低。），可知，在20世纪80年代末，野生动物保护组织确实做出了巨大努力。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“However, concern for certain species will become weak after a while.”（ 然而，对某些物种的关注会在一段时间后减弱。），可知，第4段提到了海豹宝宝，目的是表明对某些物种的担忧减少了。文中的“concern for certain species”与C选项中“worry about certain species”相对应；文中的“become weak”和C选项中“the decrease”相对应。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Other animal protection movements have come and gone...”(其他动物保护运动来了又去……)和最后一段第一句“In the years to come, people's attention will probably turn to some other endangered species.”（在未来的几年里，人们的关注力可能会转向其他一些濒危物种。），可知，对动物的保护运动和关注力一直在改变，那么在人们关注其他濒危物种时，大象会被遗忘吗？可以推断，作者说这句话的意思是，对动物保护的关注和行动应该一直保持下去。故选D。
湖南省永州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位有影响力的希腊知识分子。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ptolemy also composed a geography which could be used to create fairly accurate maps of the Mediterranean and Asia.(托勒密还撰写了一本地理学，可以用来绘制相当精确的地中海和亚洲地图)”可知，托勒密勘测了古代地中海。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Plutarch was a historian and philosopher from a landed family in Boeotia, central Greece.(普鲁塔克是一位历史学家和哲学家，来自希腊中部波奥提亚的一个地主家庭)”以及最后一段“The most famous doctor of the ancient world, Galen studied medicine as well as philosophy and was noted for using logic in his careful observation of his patients.(盖伦是古代世界最著名的医生，他学习医学和哲学，并以在仔细观察病人时运用逻辑而闻名)”可知，普鲁塔克和盖伦的共同之处是都研究哲学。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Despite placing the Earth at the centre of the universe, he gave explanations of the motion (运动) of the planets.(尽管他认为地球是宇宙的中心，但他对行星的运动做出了解释)”可知，托勒密与其他知识分子的不同在于他解释了行星的运行。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次跳伞经历，作者在下降过程中没有及时拉降落伞，结果狠狠撞到了地面，导致伤势严重。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.(它吓到我了，但恐惧总能让你成为更好的冒险者，对吧？这就是我喜欢跳伞的原因)”可知，作者喜欢跳伞是因为可以成为更好的冒险者。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“After 30 seconds, at around 5,500 feet, we tracked away from each other because we need lots of empty space to safely pull our parachute (降落伞). I looked at my altimeter (高度表) and realized I was lower than I’d thought. The ground was coming up so fast!(30秒后，在大约5500英尺的高空，我们彼此拉开了距离，因为我们需要大量的空间来安全拉动降落伞。我看了看我的高度计，意识到我比我想象的要低。到地面下降得太快了！)”可知，作者没有及时拉降落伞。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It scared me, but fear always makes you a better risk taker, right That’s what drew me to skydiving.(它吓到我了，但恐惧总能让你成为更好的冒险者，对吧？这就是我喜欢跳伞的原因)”以及倒数第二段“ “Just get it off”, I told myself calmly.(“把它弄掉吧”，我平静地告诉自己)”可推知，作者有冒险精神和冷静。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了作者一次跳伞经历，作者在下降过程中没有及时拉降落伞，结果狠狠撞到了地面，导致伤势严重。可知，这个故事的主要内容是拉动降落伞的经历。故选B。
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种传统的木偶表演——阿拉戈兹，介绍了其历史以及表演特色。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The three-day event was meant to shed light on Aragoz as a unique art performance, give people a chance to see the beauty of puppet shows, and save the art that faces the danger of extinction.(为期三天的活动是为了让人们了解阿拉戈兹作为一种独特的艺术表演，让人们有机会看到木偶戏的美丽，拯救面临灭绝危险的艺术)”可推知，作者提到三天的演出是为了引入话题。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“During the performances, puppeteers remain hidden inside a small portable (便携式的) stage while an assistant interacts with the puppets and the crowd.(在表演过程中，木偶操纵者隐藏在一个小型的便携式舞台中，而助手则与木偶和观众互动)”可知，木偶操纵者在没有观众看到的情况下表演。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“However, as these performances began to decline (衰退), performers and their assistants settled permanently (永久地) in fixed places. The number of surviving practitioners has decreased, while many of those who once-performed stories have now disappeared.(然而，由于这些表演开始减少，表演者和他们的助手就永久地定居在固定的地方。幸存的表演者数量已经减少，而许多曾经表演故事的人现在已经消失了)”可知，许多表演者的消失让阿拉戈兹的表演者定居下来。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We are now in the era of technology and direct communication has become limited, so I see that we have an opportunity to spread this art again because virtual social media could not make up for the human need to watch such live shows(我们现在处于科技时代，直接交流已经变得有限，所以我认为我们有机会再次传播这种艺术，因为虚拟社交媒体无法弥补人们观看这种现场表演的需求)”可推知，巴格特对未来阿拉戈兹现场表演的态度是积极支持的。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过镜子测试和照片测试来研究清洁隆头鱼（cleaner wrasse）是否具有自我认知能力的过程和结果。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In a new study, the researchers took it one step further — they wanted to check whether the fish could recognize themselves in a photograph.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员更进一步——他们想检查这些鱼是否能在照片中认出自己)”可知，这项新研究的目的是看看这些鱼能否在照片中认出自己。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“These photo tests show that the fish aren’t just recognizing themselves by matching movements in a mirror. They can actually build a mental model of their own faces.(这些照片测试表明，这些鱼不仅仅是通过匹配镜子中的动作来识别自己。他们实际上可以建立自己面部的心理模型)”可知，这些鱼类建立自己面部的心理模型，所以它们能够识别面部特征，推知discern是“识别”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They presented each cleaner wrasse with four photos: one of themselves, one of an unfamiliar fish, one with their own face on a different fish’s body, and one with an unfamiliar face on their own body.(他们给每只清洁濑鱼看四张照片:一张是他们自己的，一张是一条不熟悉的鱼，一张是他们自己的脸在另一条鱼的身上，还有一张是自己不熟悉的脸在自己身上)”以及第四段“Cleaner wrasses always attack intruders (侵入者). In this case, they attacked the photos of unfamiliar fish but not the photos of themselves. They also didn’t attack the photos of their face on another body but did attack those of a stranger’s face on their own body, indicating the fish discern facial features more than bodily ones.(清洁隆头鱼总是攻击入侵者。在这种情况下，它们会攻击陌生鱼的照片，但不会攻击自己的照片。它们也不会攻击自己脸在另一具身体上的照片，但会攻击陌生鱼脸在自己身体上的照片，这表明鱼更能辨别面部特征而不是身体特征)”可知，这项研究是通过比较清洁隆头鱼看到不同照片后的行为来进行的。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A few years ago, a team of scientists investigated whether a fish species called cleaner wrasse (清洁隆头鱼) could pass the mirror test. They marked the fish with what looked like a parasite on their throats, and placed a mirror in the tank. Many of the animals saw the mark in their reflections and erased it off their throats, indicating they realized they were looking at themselves.(几年前，一组科学家研究了一种名为清洁隆头鱼的鱼类是否能通过镜子测试。他们在鱼的喉咙上标记了看起来像寄生虫的东西，并在鱼缸里放了一面镜子。许多动物在倒影中看到了标记，并擦掉了喉咙上的标记，这表明它们意识到自己在看自己)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们通过镜子测试和照片测试来研究清洁隆头鱼（cleaner wrasse）是否具有自我认知能力的过程和结果，所以B项“A research on the self-recognition of the fish.(鱼类自我识别的研究)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
同课章节目录