2024届高考英语英语五大基本句型学案（无答案）

五大基本句型
一、S＋V句型(主语＋谓语动词)
在这个结构中，动词通常是不及物动词，没有宾语，但可以有副词作状语。但不能直接跟宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有arrive, come, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, occur, agree, write等。这个结构常用于记叙事件活动。
Eg. Mid -Autumn Day falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.
中秋节是在阴历第八个月的第十五天。
It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.
它将于6月15号开始并持续3周。(2016·全国Ⅱ)
Hard work pays off.
功夫不负有心人。(2015·福建)
With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.
在我的悉心照顾下，我妈妈很快恢复了健康。(2013·北京)
Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
我现在写信告诉你一些有关的详情。(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)当这对双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared．
(2020·浙江卷)就在那一刻，直升机到达了。
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived．
(2019·北京卷)你可以住一个星期。
You can stay for a week.
应用体验1　翻译句子(主语＋不及物动词＋状语)
①重要的日子终于来了。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_________________________________________________
②闹钟在早上6点响了。 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_________________________________________________
③在过去的十年里，这本杂志的影响力大大增加了。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_________________________________________________
④在比赛中友谊第一。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_________________________________________________
⑤比赛将于下午2点开始，大约持续3个小时。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
______________________________________________________
谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如run away (跑开)，set off (出发；动身), take place (发生)，come up (被提出), run out (用完), get by (勉强生存), come out (出版), break down (抛锚；出故障), drop by (顺便拜访), pass out (晕倒), break out (突然开始；爆发)等。
(1) (2021·全国甲卷)
A theme class meeting with the aim of introducing traditional Chinese culture will take place in our school next month.
(2) 下个月我们学校将举行主题班会，旨在介绍中国传统文化。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.
见周围没有人，我立刻跑开了。
注意　不及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。
昨晚他家发生了一场火灾。
①His house broke out a fire last night.(×)
②A fire broke out in his house last night.(√)
应用体验2　完成句子(主语＋不及物动词短语)
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)第二天，我们一早就出发了。
The next day, ______________ in the morning.
②这时，卡车司机走了过来，让她打开车门，并检查了她的后座。
At this time, ___________________________________ ，asked her to open the door, and checked her back seat.
③他们的钱用光了，不得不放弃这个项目。
______________________ and they had to abandon the project.
④当我醒来时，我决定回到我的家乡，我以前的老师和朋友住的地方。
When ____________， I decided to go back to my hometown, where my former teachers and friends lived.
二、S＋V＋O句型 (主语＋谓语动词＋宾语)
该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect, admire, ignore, provide, upset, appreciate等。其后可直接跟名词、代词、动词 -ing 形式、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。
(1) Every coin has two sides.
任何事情都有两面性/凡事有利弊。(2015·湖南)
(2) At last they made great progress.
最后他们取得了很大进步。(2015·广东)
(3) 学生们经常违反校规。(2015·广东)
The students often broke the school rules.
(4) 在你上一封信中,你问我有关到中国朋友家做客的事情。(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home.
(5) 你最好带些礼物,比如,一本书或一个中国结。(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
You’d better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot.
(6)人们在节日或婚礼期间经常用剪纸美化他们的家。(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)
People often beautify their homes with paper-cutting during festivals and weddings.
(7) 海洋在我们的世界中起着重要的作用。(2022·全国甲卷)
Ocean plays a key role in our world.
(8) 在我看来，作为学生，我们可以通过在业余时间在线学习来丰富我们的知识。(2021·全国乙卷)
From the point of my view, as students, we can enrich our knowledge by learning online in our spare time.
(9)《青春》陪伴我度过了整个高中时光。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Youth has accompanied me throughout my high school years.
(10) 她给我们学生树立了一个很好的榜样，值得我们尊敬。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
Having set a great example to us students, she deserves our respect．
点睛　在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。例如：
To broaden vocabulary, we should read more native materials.
→To broaden vocabulary, more native materials should be read (by us).
应用体验1　翻译句子/完成句子(主语＋及物动词＋宾语)
①(2021·全国乙卷)网上学习有它的缺点。
_______________________________________________________
②他们计划做法式吐司和鸡肉粥。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
③当我们面临困难时，一个真正的朋友会给我们提供支持。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_______________________________ when we are in trouble.
④(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)那天晚上7点我会在音乐厅入口处等你。
______________ at the entrance of the music hall at 7：00 pm that evening.
⑤最后只有观众才能决定谁是胜利者。
Finally, ________________________________________．
⑥我不知道如何处理这些旧杂志。
__________________________ these old magazines.
谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语，如think highly of (高度评价), communicate with (与……交流), stand for (代表，象征), get on well with (与……相处融洽，进展顺利), look forward to (盼望), come across (偶然碰到)，等等。
(1) (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
接着，杰夫打开第二个炉子，把煎锅加热。
Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan.
(2) 大多数学生对这次展览评价很高。(2021·浙江卷)
Most of the students think highly of this exhibition．
(3) 我可以毫无困难地与游客们沟通。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
I can communicate with visitors without difficulty.
(4) 我期待着欣赏你精彩的演讲。(2019·天津卷)
I am looking forward to enjoying your wonderful lecture．
注意　(1)在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
①Please wake her up at six thirty in the morning.(√)
②Please wake up her at six thirty in the morning.(×)
(2)有些“主谓宾”结构的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。因此，写作中并不一定句子越长越好。
I could not say any word.
→Words failed me.(单词虽然少，但表达更地道)
应用体验2完成句子(主语＋及物动词短语＋宾语)
(1) 我怀着感激之情期待您尽快回复。
___________________________________ as soon as possible with gratitude.
(2) 即使在恶劣的天气里，他仍然坚守岗位。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
Even in terrible weather, __________________．
(3) 除了我的英语能力，我还能和周围的人相处得很好(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
In addition to my English abilities, ___________________ _____________________ ．
(4) 在我看来，它们代表着爱、友谊和团结。
As far as I am concerned, ______________________________．
(5) 在旅行的第一天，我经历了青少年情绪的整个周期。
________________________ of teenage emotions during the first day of the trip.
(6) (2021·浙江卷)为了你们的来访，我们安排了各种各样的活动。
___________________________________________________
(7) (2021·全国乙卷)随着互联网的发展，越来越多的学生喜欢利用网络资源来提高他们的学。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、主谓宾宾结构（S＋V＋Oi＋Od）
基本结构：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。
(1)首先，我会告诉他们玩电脑游戏和考试作弊的坏处。(2015·广东)
First，I will tell them the disadvantages of playing computer games and cheating in the exams.
(2)当工匠走进教室时，我们给他以热情的欢迎。(2015·北京)
When the craftsman came into the classroom，we gave him a warm welcome.
(3)首先，他向我们演示了做面人的基本步骤和技巧。(2015·北京)
First，he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.
(4)我的妈妈拥抱了我，我在她眼中能看到满足。(2013·陕西)
My mother gave a hug to me and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.
(5) 对于茶文化,我给了他们一个生动、富有知识性的介绍。(2018·北京卷)
I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture.
(6) 我希望这个更改不会给你造成太多麻烦。(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)
I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
在这个结构中，及物动词接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果间接宾语后置，那么其前面需要加上一个介词。
（一）间接宾语前可用介词to的动词有give, offer, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend, write等。(如：give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb.)
①不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。
However busy he is, he writes me an email every week.
＝However busy he is, he writes an email to me every week.
②史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借给我一本英文词典。
Mr Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary．
＝Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.
③这次比赛给我们提供了一个了解中国文化的机会。
This competition offered us a chance to learn about Chinese culture.
＝This competition offered a chance to learn about Chinese culture to us.
④我每个月要向他们支付20英镑的房租。
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
＝I have to pay 20 pounds to them for this room each month.
应用体验1　完成句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)
①(2021·全国甲卷)我真的希望你能给我们一些建议。
I do hope you can ________________．
②(2021·全国乙卷)在线学习为我们提供了参加名校和名师授课的机会。
Learning online ________________ to take part in classes given by famous schools and teachers.
③(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)她不仅教我们知识，而且教我们如何做一个好人。
__________________________ but also how to be a good person.
④(2019·浙江卷)我要向你表示衷心的感谢，感谢你对我英语学习的帮助。
________________________________ for helping with my English learning.
⑤(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)我给你写信(是想)申请成为一名志愿者。
________________________________ the chance to become a volunteer.
(2021·全国乙卷)在线学习为我们提供了参加名校和名师授课的机会。
Learning online ______________________ to take part in classes given by famous schools and teachers.
(二)可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词有make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, save, fetch等。(如：make sb. sth.＝make sth. for sb.)
①他给我买了一辆自行车。
He bought me a bicycle．＝He bought a bicycle for me.
②你能帮我拿些邮票吗？
Can you get me some stamps ＝Can you get some stamps for me
③请给我找一套公寓。
Please find me an apartment．＝Please find an apartment for me.
④这项关于限制马路上汽车数量的新法规能够为旅行者们节约很多时间。
The new regulation about limiting the number of cars on road can save travelers a lot of time．
＝The new regulation about limiting the number of cars on road can save a lot of time for travelers.
应用体验2　翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)
那个青年在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。
当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援助之手。
母爱给予我们鼓励和力量。
她把信交给了我。
那位老人给我们带路。
四、主谓宾补结构（S＋V＋O＋C）
S＋V＋O＋C (主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
　“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分才能使意思完整。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
1．常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有call, name, elect, make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。
I wish you all possible joy and happiness in the world.
愿你拥有世间所有可能的快乐和幸福
We all call him a living dictionary．
我们都叫他“活字典”。
I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip back to your country.
衷心的祝愿你归国旅途愉快。(2016·天津)
2．常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint, drive等。
我希望你会认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful. /I hope my suggestions beneficial to you.
You had better keep the door open, because it is too hot in the room.
你最好把门开着，因为屋里太热了。
The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient，regardless of time and space.
网络使得调查和投票容易而且方便，无论何时何地。(2016·江苏)
3．常用动词ing形式和省略to的动词不定式等作宾语补足语的及物动词有see, notice, hear, watch, observe, leave等。
He left me waiting in the rain．
他让我在雨中等着。
Did you see him go out
你看到他出去了吗？
In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.
在图画中，我们可以看到一个男孩穿着破衣服，坐在一张破旧的木桌旁，桌子上有一摞书。(2015·福建)
良好的学习习惯会使我们学习起来更加轻松有效，而且完全吸收知识。(2013·四川)
Our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.
4．常用to do作宾语补足语的及物动词有advise, ask, command, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade, get等。
Our math teacher always encourages us to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers．
我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而不是等着被告知答案。
I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
我想请你为我们学校的英语报写一篇文章。(2015·全国Ⅰ)
I sincerely invite you to visit our school and join in the sports we all like.
我诚心地邀请你参观我们学校,参加我们都喜欢的体育运动。(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
Now I would like to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities.
现在我想要呼吁大家关注目前由人类活动造成的灾害。
5．常用副词、介词短语等作宾语补足语的及物动词有leave, put等。
You can't leave your friend in trouble．
你不能把你的朋友置于困境而不顾。
6．有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”。常见的此类动词有think, find, consider, feel, make等。
The student has made it a rule to read English magazines every day．
这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。
应用体验　完成句子(“主谓宾补”结构)
① (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)这时，杰夫注意到锅里冒出蒸汽，盖子开始摇晃。
Then Jeff ________________________________ and the lid starting to shake.
② (2021·全国乙卷)例如，我们正在利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习，它们让我们可以随时随地学习知识，从而更容易获得学位。
For example, we are taking advantage of various online programs for further study, which __________________________ wherever we are at any time, making it easier to earn a degree.
③ (2021·浙江卷)父亲的话让我意识到，我的收入可能不像我希望的那样由我来支配。
____________________________ that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished.
④ (2021·浙江卷)一靠近房子，我就注意到爸爸和妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看上去很悲伤。
Upon approaching the house, _____________________
_______________________________, looking sad.
⑤ (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)如果你有兴趣，请告诉我你是否有空。
If you are interested, please _____________________________
__________．
⑥ (2019·江苏卷)李江将使中国文化更为国际学生所熟知。
______________________________________________ to international students.
⑦ 孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。
The children __________________________________
_______________________．
⑧ 他认为帮助处于麻烦中的人是必要的。
He thinks ________________________________．
五、主系表结构（S＋V＋P）
表语主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。“主系表”的基本结构：主语＋系动词＋表语。
该句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、代词、介词短语、非谓语动词、副词或从句等。
常见的系动词有be动词(am, is, are)
感官系动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)
变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run)
持续系动词(remain, keep, hold, stay)
表象系动词(seem, appear, look)
①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Every participating team is great．
每一支参赛队伍都非常出色。
②(2022·全国甲卷)When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious．
说到海洋，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
1.介绍人物(主系表结构后常跟非限制性定语从句或同位语作补充说明)。
(1)萨莉是一个成功的老师，她教过一些淘气的学生。(2015·广东)
Sally was a successful teacher，who taught some naughty students.
(2)我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。(2015·天津)
I’m Li Jin，Chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.
2.介绍事物
(1)夏季是我一年中最喜欢的季节。(2016·四川)
Summer is my favorite season of the year.
(2)这是一个源于中国古代成语的著名故事。(2015·福建)
This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom.
3.描写心情
尽管累了，但我从没这么开心过。(2013·陕西)
Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.
4.描写天气
这是美好的一天。(2013·江西)
It was a nice day.
5.分析论述
(1)原因如下。(2016·四川)
The reasons are as follows.
(2)这里有三个有用的建议：(2014·安徽)
Here are three useful tips：
(3)养成一个好习惯也很重要。(2014·江西)
Developing a good habit is also of importance.
6.谚语格言
An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.
一寸光阴一寸金。(2015·广东)
即时训练: 用简单句翻译下列句子
1.我是3年级2班的学生李华。(2015·陕西)
2.表演将于今天下午两点在“学生中心”开始。(2014·陕西)
3.他接受了我们的建议。(2014·北京)
4.这个项目的目的是培养我们的英语学习兴趣和听说实际能力。
(2014·陕西)
5.上午八点，我们在大青山山脚下集合。(2013·江西)
6 学生们对阅读越来越感兴趣了。
7 希望这些建议对你有帮助。(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
8 我很高兴了解到,你对唐诗感兴趣。(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)
六、There be句型
存在于五湖四海的“There be”句型
There be句型表示“存在；有”，应用十分广泛和频繁。它的基本结构：There be (be可用各种时态)＋名词＋地点/时间状语。
There are going to be two basketball matches this afternoon.
今天下午将有两场篮球比赛。
There is a pencil and some notebooks on the desk.
书桌上有一支铅笔和一些笔记本。
在这个结构中，there be后的名词是主语，be的形式应和第一个名词保持一致。这一结构的其他时态形式：
there was/were； there will be；
there is/are going to be； there has/have been；
there must have been； there must/may be等，
(1)在夏季，青少年有很多趣事，包括宿营，去海滨，在公共泳池游泳，还有与朋友在当地游玩。(2016·四川)
There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends.
(2)我们学校的自行车停车处有个问题。(2014·北京)
There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.
(3)会有寄宿家庭或者学生宿舍吗？(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
Would there be host family or university dormitory
(4)我最喜欢的格言是“有志者事竟成”。(2014·山东)
My favorite proverb is “Where there’s a will，there’s a way.”
(5)前方有很多挑战，但是我有信心能担负重任。(2013·天津)
There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden.
There be句型的变式句型有：
1．There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes...
Once upon a time, there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前，这座庙里住着一个老和尚。
2. There happen(s)/seem(s)/appear(s) to be...等。
There happened to be a lot of people by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.
路边恰好有很多人。他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。
应用体验1　用There be结构完成句子
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)我们周围有许多可敬的人。以我邻居李叔叔为例。
________________________________________．Take my neighbor Uncle Li for example.
②(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)7月4日下午在我们学校体育馆将有一场排球比赛。
____________________________ in our school gym on the afternoon of 4 July.
③在他的生命中有很多有趣的故事和冒险的经历。
___________________________________________________________
___________in his life.
④对你来说，有一种特别的温暖，这种温暖可以来自一只帮助的手，为一个完全陌生的人做一件小事，甚至是一个微笑。
___________________________________________ and that warmth can come from a helping hand, doing a small favor for a total stranger, or even a smile.
⑤在那座山的山顶上矗立着一座高塔。
___________________________ on the top of the mountain.
(二)含有There be的特殊表达方式
1．There is no denying that...“不可否认……”
不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
There is no denying that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
2．There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
(2021·全国乙卷)毫无疑问，我们的父母和老师都反对我们用电脑或手机学习。
There is no doubt that our parents and teachers are opposed to us studying with computer or cell phone.
3．There is no need to do...“没有必要做……”
因此，不必为我们的学习担忧，放松一下，好好休息。(2020·浙江卷)
Therefore, there is no need to worry about our studies—just relax and have a good rest.
4．There is no sense/point (in) doing...“做……是没有意义的/道理的”
把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。
There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
5．There is no use doing...“做……是没用的”
There is no use regretting when time passed by.
时间流逝，后悔是没有用的。
应用体验2　用There be的特殊表达方式完成句子。
①(2021·全国乙卷)毫无疑问，我们从互联网的快速发展中受益良多。
________________________________ from the rapid pace of the Internet development.
②(2021·全国乙卷)不可否认，在线学习是一种灵活的方式，我们可以随时随地获得知识。
______________________ learning online is a flexible way that we can have access to knowledge whenever and wherever possible.
③你现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的，向前看，一切都会好起来的。
________________________________________. Look forward and everything will be all right.
④争吵是没有用的。你要学会让他人理解你所说的。
________________________. You need to learn to make others understand what you're saying.
⑤许多学生可能认为他们可以只使用电脑，因此没有必要浪费时间来提高他们的书写。
Many students may think that they can just use a computer, so __________________________ improving their handwriting.
即时训练:用简单句翻译下列句子
1．我会告诉他们学习的重要性。(2015·广东)
2．我们学校将给你们班捐赠500册不同的宝贵书籍。(2015·天津)
3．我帮助他们理解中国文化中最好的部分。(2013·浙江)
4．从图片中我们可以看到一家三口走在一个很长的红地毯上。
(2013·福建)
5．一个人的梦想和现实通常存在差别。(2013·北京)