高三英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读(共两书，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
While Alice has her adventures in the Wonderland, you can have your own as well this summer. British contemporary artist Philip Colbert has created a Lobster (龙虾) Wonderland in Changsha, Hunan Province.
Date: July 15
Location: Changsha International Finance Square (Changsha IFS)
About Philip Colbert
His globally welcomed lobster series has won the hearts of a large number of followers. The artist, with a master’s in philosophy, takes lobster as his second personality.
Through large installations, public art theme exhibition and new media art, the artist has introduced works from galleries and created a surreal art scenery in city’s public space with a combination of pop art and local culture.
Features
In Changsha IFS, Colbert’s exhibition, which is the London-based artist’s first large-scale outdoor public art installations, has three major sectors, showcasing his large installations, sculptures and new media arts as well as the special works created for the event.
The opening ceremony, an art carnival, saw the debut (首次登台) of a 12-meter-long Lobster Taikonaut specially made by Colbert. His Lobster Flower and Lobster Shark also found their way in the parade. At the southwest square, people can find Lobster Fountain towering 12 meters and enjoy two major theme sectors, Lobster Island and Lobster Skate Park.
Lobster Rainbow, a lobster breaking through a roof with a rainbow behind it, is the artist’s brand-new work for Changsha IFS. In his works, such as Daydreamer, Colbert also expresses his wish of narrowing the distance between art pieces and people.
1. What is Philip Colbert well known for
A. Alice Wonderland. B. Shark experience.
C. Lobster series. D. Rainbow story.
2. What can we learn about the exhibition according to the text
A. It took place in the open air.
B. There was no special works for the event.
C. People can enjoy lobster fountain and lake.
D. Lobster Island is the artist’s brand-new work for Changsha IFS.
3. Where can the text probably be found
A. A shopping brochure.
B. An art magazine.
C. A science report.
D. A fashion advertisement.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国当代艺术家Philip Colbert 在湖南长沙创作的“龙虾仙境”。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据About Philip Colbert部分中“His globally welcomed lobster series has won the hearts of a large number of followers. The artist, with a master’s in philosophy, takes lobster as his second personality.(他的龙虾系列受到全球欢迎，赢得了一大批粉丝的心。这位拥有哲学硕士学位的艺术家把龙虾当作自己的第二人格)”可知，他的龙虾系列作品受到全球欢迎，所以他是因他的龙虾系列作品而全球闻名的。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Features部分中“In Changsha IFS, Colbert’s exhibition, which is the London-based artist’s first large-scale outdoor public art installations, has three major sectors, showcasing his large installations, sculptures and new media arts as well as the special works created for the event.(在长沙IFS，科尔伯特的展览是伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置，分为三个主要部分，展示了他的大型装置，雕塑和新媒体艺术以及为活动创作的特别作品)”可知，该展览是这位伦敦艺术家的第一个大型户外公共艺术装置。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“While Alice has her adventures in the Wonderland, you can have your own as well this summer. British contemporary artist Philip Colbert has created a Lobster(龙虾) Wonderland in Changsha, Hunan Province.(当爱丽丝在仙境里冒险的时候，这个夏天你也可以有自己的冒险。英国当代艺术家菲利普·科尔伯特在湖南省长沙市创造了一个龙虾仙境)”结合文章主要介绍了一位艺术家的展览，故本文可以在艺术杂志上看到。故选B。
B
When Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed workarounds to enjoy concerts. “What they were doing at the time was holding balloons to feel the vibrations (震动) through their fingers,” Belquer said. He thought the team could make something to help hard-of- hearing people enjoy live music even more with the technology now available.
Belquer, who is also a musician and theater artist, is now the “Chief Vibrational Officer” of Music: Not Impossible, which uses new technology to address social issues like poverty and disability access. His team started by tying vibrating different cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn’t quite work. The vibrations were all the same. Eventually, they worked with engineers to develop a light haptic (触觉的) suit with a total of 24 vibrating plates. There are 20 of them tied to a vest that fits tightly around the body like a hiking backpack, plus one that ties to each wrist and ankle. When you wear the suit, it’s surprising how it feels.
The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. “What we’re doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body,” said the DJ. The haptic suits were just one component of the event. There were American Sign Language interpreters; the music was captioned on a screen on the stage.
The suits are the star attraction. Lily Lipman, who has auditory processing disorder, lit up when asked about her experience. “It’s cool, because I’m never quite sure if I’m hearing what other people are hearing, so it’s amazing to get the music in my body.”
4. What surprised Belquer about people with hearing problems
A. The way they enjoyed music.
B. The attitude they held to life.
C. The love they had for balloons.
D. The frequency they vibrated fingers.
5. Why did the team’s initial attempt fail
A. The motors were the same.
B. The vibrations lacked variety.
C. The motors hardly worked.
D. The vibrations were irregular.
6. What did the DJ do
A. He interpreted the sign language.
B. He captioned the music on stage.
C. He selected suits for the attendees.
D. He helped people feel the music.
7. What does Lily Lipman think of the suit
A. Comforting. B. Challenging. C. Satisfying. D. Encouraging.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐家兼戏剧艺术家Belquer和其团队利用现有技术制作一个套装来帮助听力障碍人士更好地享受现场音乐。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard- of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed workarounds to enjoy concerts.(当Belquer第一次加入一个为聋哑人和听力障碍人士提供更好的现场音乐体验的团队时，他对他们如何想出享受音乐会的变通方法感到震惊。)”可知，Belquer对听障人士想出的享受音乐的方法而震惊，故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“His team started by tying vibrating different cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn’t quite work. The vibrations were all the same. (他的团队首先将不同的手机振动电机绑在身体上，但这并不太奏效。振动都是一样的。)”可知，他的团队最初的尝试失败了，这是因为震动都是一样的，即缺乏多样性，故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. “What we’re doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body,” said the DJ.(振动由触觉DJ混合，他控制着套装中感觉的位置、频率和强度，就像音乐DJ以巧妙的方式混合声音一样。“我们正在做的就是选择并混合我们想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，”DJ 说)”可知，DJ选择并混合想要的东西，并将其发送到身体的不同部位，以此来帮助人们感受音乐。由此可推知，DJ帮助人们感受音乐，故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lily Lipman所说的话“It’s cool, because I’m never quite sure if I’m hearing what other people are hearing, so it’s amazing to get the music in my body.(这很酷，因为我永远不确定我是否听到了其他人听到的声音，所以让音乐进入我的身体真是太棒了。)”可推知，Lily Lipman对这个套装是满意的，故选C。
C
Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”.
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.”
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said.
8. What does paragraph 2 want to convey
A. The situation of species in the UK is severe.
B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority.
C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change.
D. The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing.
9. How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity
A. By developing strategy.
B. By offering guidance.
C. By expanding farming.
D. By restoring habitat.
10. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife
A. It was messy. B. It was limited.
C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife.
B. The responses to a government statement.
C. The effects of climate change on farming.
D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国政府发出一份声明，认为将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急，而是希望通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性，该声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity. (最近的一份报告显示，英国有六分之一的物种面临灭绝的危险。今年9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量显著减少。近年来，慈善机构重新引入了动物和植物，作为恢复该国减少的生物多样性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状，一部分物种面临灭绝的危险，物种数量显著减少，很多机构在努力恢复物种多样性。由此可知，本段想表示英国的物种状况很严峻。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. (政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府的计划是恢复栖息地。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Joan Edwards所说的话“Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change (重新引入野生动物必须成为英国政府应对自然丧失和气候变化的武器之一)”和最后一段中她所说的话“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages (野生河狸的回归可以帮助重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁效应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。河狸还减缓了水流，这可以减少城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可知，Joan Edwards认为重新引入野生动物可以帮助政府应对自然丧失和气候变化，并说明野生河狸的回归对湿地、其他野生动物和应对洪水的帮助。由此可知。她认为这样做是有好处的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups. (面对野生动物组织的批评，英国政府周五表示，将河狸等物种带回英国已不再是当务之急)”可知，文章围绕最近英国政府发出的一份有关重新引入野生动物的声明展开，这份声明引起了很多争议，社会各界对此做出了不同的回应。因此，B项“对一份政府声明的回应”概括了文章的主旨大意。故选B项。
D
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
12. How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A. By shortening their travel time.
B. By making their schedules tight.
C. By decreasing their transport cost.
D. By improving their safety awareness.
13. What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A. They provide more spatial coverage.
B. They can’t detect objects on the road.
C. They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D. They accurately record the flow of traffic.
14. What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A. Operation. B. Monitoring. C. Protection. D. Arrangement.
15. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Transportation automation is on its way
B. It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C. Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D. Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.(研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地)”可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图)”可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。由此推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及划线词前面的内容“While still a long way from total implementation(实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future ...(虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…)”可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。故划线词与B选项“Monitoring.(监控)”为同义词。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.( 俄亥俄州立大学研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。由此可知，D选项“Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic(安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting and staying focused can be a challenge even in the best of times. But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible. Below are some tips to help you find your flow.
Distract (使分心) your brain. Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities. ___16___. It’s the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind.
___17___. This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.
Block interruptions before diving into deep work. ___18___. To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts. Be vital when you want a deep dive into focus. Your important work benefits when you shut off or put away your phone and other screens.
Know your body clock. Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. ___19___.
Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we’re facing at work or home. ___20___
A Try to daydream what happened
B. We try to obtain focus but in vain
C. Engage in positive constructive daydreaming
D. Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff
E. This network of the brain circuit is where magic happens
F. Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselves
G. Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities.(在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让你的大脑进入所谓的‘默认模式网络’”，进行一些自由活动。)”建议在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让大脑进入“默认模式网络”；E选项“This network of the brain circuit is where magic happens(这个大脑回路网络就是奇迹发生的地方)”承接上文，对大脑的“默认模式网络”进一步阐述，选线中的“This network”指代上文中的“default (默认的) mode network”。故选E。
【17题详解】
句子结构分析可知，设空处此段为主旨句；下文“This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.(这包括首先将你的注意力转向内部。试着带着你的思想去一个令人愉快的地方旅行——也许是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒日光浴。)”建议想象自己去一个令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒太阳；C选项“Engage in positive constructive daydreaming(做一些积极的、有建设性的白日梦)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为主旨句。故选C。
【18题详解】
本段主旨句“Block interruptions before diving into deep work.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干扰)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干扰；下文“To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts.(为了有所帮助，关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒。)”指出关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒等会帮助屏蔽干扰，提高注意力；F选项“Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselves(我们的生活充满了干扰，来自他人和自己)”指出我们生活中充满干扰，符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork.(无论你是早晨思维敏捷还是夜猫子，都不要把一天的时间——尤其是大脑最活跃的时间——花在消磨时间的工作上。)”指出不要把一天的时间，尤其是大脑最活跃的时间花在消磨时间的工作上；D选项“Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff(相反，把你大脑最好的时间留给重要的事情)”提出应该把大脑最好的时间用于做重要的事情，符合语境，选项中的“the big stuff”与上文中的“busywork”相对应。故选D。
【20题详解】
上文“Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we’re facing at work or home.(尝试新的爱好。从事业余爱好不仅有趣，而且可以帮助我们想出解决工作或家庭中遇到的问题的新方法。)”建议尝试新的爱好，并指出这可以帮助我们想出解决问题的新方法；G项“Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation(让你的大脑有时间玩耍是另一种激发创新的方式)”承接上文，阐述尝试新爱好的益处，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This is a true story that took place a few days ago. This woman looked ___21___, but she was very pretty in my eyes. I met the most beautiful woman in a shop. She wasn’t that ___22___ as she was 5 feet at the most. Her ___23___ was bent, too. She was thin and her face was ___24___ with black age spots from a lifetime of working in the sun. Her hair was thin and white. She was at least 80 years old and might have been over 90. She moved ___25___ and with great care. However, when she ___26___ at you in the eye and spoke to you, you could see her ___27___ beauty shining through.
Her face was wrinkled from a very ___28___ life of hard work and difficulty. But it was the lines around her eyes that caught my ___29___. These wrinkles were deep and forever “canyons” that had been ____30____ by a million smiles and a lifetime of laughter.
Her ____31____ were deep set and hidden behind thick, heavy glasses. But you could still see a lovely light ____32____ out of them. When she talked to you, they were bright with a wonderful shine that told you she was ____33____ with faith, love, hope, kindness and joy. I only ____34____ her for a minute or two, yet I left feeling better, and happier.
I only hope that one day my own face will ____35____ the signs that hers did, showing a happy life, and a loved life.
21. A. ordinary B. accessible C. delightful D. delicate
22. A. depressed B. efficient C. tall D. lazy
23. A. foot B. image C. back D. dignity
24. A. awarded B. covered C. associated D. issued
25. A. slowly B. firmly C. finally D. obviously
26. A. wondered B. looked C. glared D. pointed
27. A. superb B. slight C. typical D. true
28. A. long B. common C. reserved D. strange
29. A. concern B. attention C. curiosity D. sympathy
30. A. rewarded B. motivated C. formed D. integrated
31. A. options B. emotions C. smiles D. eyes
32. A. escaping B. shining C. dying D. swinging
33. A. anxious B. compared C. content D. filled
34. A. cast off B. focused on C. spoke to D. applauded for
35. A. change B. present C. lose D. improve
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者几天前在一家商店里遇到了一个女人，虽然她看起来很普通，但是在作者眼里却很漂亮，因为当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她真正的美丽，她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦，作者希望有一天自己的脸也能像她那样，显示出幸福的生活和被爱的生活。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个女人看起来很普通，但在我眼里却很漂亮。A. ordinary普通的；B. accessible可接近的；C. delightful令人愉快的；D. delicate精美的。根据下文“but she was very pretty in my eyes”可知，上下文语义有转折，下文说作者认为这个女人很漂亮，因此此处指她看起来很普通。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她没有那么高，最多只有5英尺。A. depressed沮丧的；B. efficient高效的；C. tall高的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据下文“as she was 5 feet at the most”可知，此处描述这个女人的身高，应该指她没有那么高。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的背也弯了。A. foot脚；B. image形象；C. back背部；D. dignity尊严。根据上文“She wasn’t that ___2___ as she was 5 feet at the most.”和下文“She was thin and her face was ___4___ with black age spots from a lifetime of working in the sun.”可知，本段主要描述这个女人的外形，再结合空后“was bent”可推知，此处指她的背也弯了。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很瘦，由于常年在太阳下工作，脸上布满了黑色的老年斑。A. awarded授予；B. covered覆盖；C. associated联想；D. issued发行。根据上文“her face”和下文“with black age spots from a lifetime of working in the sun”可推知，此处描述这个女人的脸部，她的脸应该是因为日晒而布满了黑色的老年斑，固定短语be covered with意为“被……覆盖，充满着”。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她缓慢而小心地移动着。A. slowly慢慢地；B. firmly坚定地；C. finally最终地；D. obviously明显地。根据上文“She was at least 80 years old and might have been over 90.”和下文“with great care”可推知，这个上了年纪的女人移动时是缓慢而小心的。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她洋溢着真正的美丽。A. wondered想知道；B. looked看；C. glared怒视；D. pointed指向。根据下文“at you in the eye and spoke to you”可推知，此处指看着你的眼睛和你说话。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她看着你的眼睛和你说话时，你可以看到她洋溢着真正的美丽。A. superb一流的；B. slight轻微的；C. typical典型的；D. true真正的。根据上文描述的这个上了年纪的女人外形看上去很普通，身高不高，背弯了，脸上有老年斑，头发斑白等，以及表示转折的“However”可知，此处是和上文形成对比，指她拥有超越这些外在的真正的美丽。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的脸上布满了皱纹，这是长期的艰苦工作和生活的艰辛所导致的。A. long长期的；B. common普通的；C. reserved内敛的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“a lifetime of working in the sun”和“She was at least 80 years old and might have been over 90.”可知，这个女人上了年纪，长期在太阳下劳作，因此她的皱纹是由长期的艰苦工作和生活的艰辛所致。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但引起我注意的是她眼睛周围的皱纹。A. concern关切；B. attention注意；C. curiosity好奇心；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“These wrinkles were deep and forever “canyons” that had been ___10___ by a million smiles and a lifetime of laughter.”可知，作者在仔细描述这个女人眼睛周围的皱纹，由此推知，这些皱纹引起了她的注意，固定短语catch one’s attention意为“引起某人的注意”。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些皱纹极深，成了永远的“峡谷”，是由无数的微笑和一生的笑声形成的。A. rewarded奖励；B. motivated激励；C. formed形成；D. integrated整合。根据上文“forever “canyons””和下文“by a million smiles and a lifetime of laughter”可知，此处是用“峡谷”来形容这个女人眼睛周围的皱纹，这些都是因为无数的微笑和一生的笑声而形成的。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的眼睛深陷，藏在又厚又沉的眼镜后面。A. options选择；B. emotions情感；C. smiles微笑；D. eyes眼睛。根据下文“hidden behind thick, heavy glasses”可推知，藏在又厚又沉的眼镜后面的是眼睛。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但你仍然可以看到它们发出美好的光芒。A. escaping逃离；B. shining发光；C. dying死亡；D. swinging摇摆。根据上文“a lovely light”和下文“out of them”可推知，此处指眼睛发出美好的光芒。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她和你说话的时候，她的双眼充满了奇妙的光芒，告诉你她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦。A. anxious焦虑的；B. compared比较的；C. content满足的；D. filled充满的。根据上文“that told you”和下文“with faith, love, hope, kindness and joy”可推知，此处是描述这个女人说话时双眼传达的讯息，应该是她内心充满了信仰、爱、希望、善良和喜悦，固定短语be filled with意为“充满”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只和她说了一两分钟话，但我离开时感觉好多了，也更快乐了。A. cast off摆脱；B. focused on专注于；C. spoke to对……说话；D. applauded for为……鼓掌。根据上文“When she talked to you”可推知，作者是和她说话了，离开时有了积极的感受。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只希望有一天我自己的脸上也能呈现出她脸上的表情，显示出幸福的生活和被爱的生活。A. change改变；B. present展示；C. lose失去；D. improve改进。根据上文“one day my own face”和下文“the signs that hers did”可推知，作者在表达对自己的美好希望，希望自己的脸可以和这个女人的一样，呈现那样美丽的表情。故选B。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diesel engines (柴油机) work on the same basic principles ___36___ gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let’s take a closer look.
The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto ___37___ (invent) the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle, also known as the “Otto Cycle”, ___38___ is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn’t very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed ___39___ (poor) as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel ___40___(use) to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat.
Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to ___41___ (develop) a “combustion power engine”. By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for ___42___ we now call the diesel engine.
For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most ___43___(drive) in the United States said, “No, thank you.” By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much ___44___ (quiet) and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of a scandal (丑闻) in 2014. Thanks to ___45___ (they) proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground.
【答案】36. as 37. invented
38. which 39. poorly
40. used 41. developing
42. what 43. drivers
44. quieter
45. their
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了柴油发动机与汽油发动机的历史。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：柴油发动机的工作原理与汽油发动机相同，但工作却不同。the same… as…意为“与……一样” 是固定搭配。故填as。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：1861年，尼古拉·奥古斯特·奥托发明了汽油发动机。根据句中的时间状语in 1861可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用invent“发明”的过去式。故填invented。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他的发明使用了四冲程燃烧原理，也被称为“Otto Cycle”，这是今天大多数汽车发动机的基础。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：在早期阶段，汽油发动机的效率并不高，而其他主要的交通工具，如蒸汽机，也表现不佳。此处修饰动词performed，要用副词poorly“糟糕地，不如意”，作状语。故填poorly。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：只有大约10%的燃料用于驱动这些类型的引擎，真正移动车辆。本句谓语为moved，此处应用非谓语动词，而且use“使用”和fuel之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词used，作后置定语。故填used。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：鲁道夫·迪塞尔创造了一种高效率的发动机，他花了很多时间研制一种“燃烧动力发动机”。devote one’s time to doing sth.“投入时间做某事”，所以此处空前的to是介词，develop“研制”用动名词形式，作介词to的宾语。故填developing。
【42题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：到1892年，迪塞尔获得了我们现在所说的柴油机的专利。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少call的宾语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：虽然欧洲广泛采用了这项技术，但美国的大多数司机说：“不，谢谢。”此处缺少句子主语，此处是指“司机”，故用driver，结合句意和空前的most可知，司机不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填drivers。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：到了21世纪，尽管柴油发动机变得更清洁、更安静、甚至更高效，但由于2014年的一起丑闻，它们在公众舆论中遭遇了挫折。此处用quiet“安静”的比较级quieter，quieter与空前的比较级cleaner和空后的比较级more efficient并列。故填quieter。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，由于其已被证明的效率，柴油发动机正在重新获得一些地位。故此处用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”，作定语，修饰空后名词proven efficiency。故填their。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外教Novak精通小提琴，而你擅长琵琶（Chinese lute），你想跟他互相学习。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1.钦佩他的演奏；
2.提出互相学习。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Novak,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Novak,
I know you are good at playing the violin, and I was deeply impressed by your performance at the school evening party last time. I admire your playing skills very much. If it’s convenient for you, I’d like to learn to play the violin from you. I hear that you are also interested in Chinese musical instruments. It happens that I am good at Chinese lute. In return, I can share my playing skills with you. I hope you will consider my advice, which will be a win-win one.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外教Novak精通小提琴，而考生擅长琵琶，考生想跟他互相学习。请考生给他写一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
擅长：be good at→ be skilled in
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ go in for
分享：share→ have a share in
建议：advice→ proposal
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：If it’s convenient for you, I’d like to learn to play the violin from you.
拓展句：If convenient for you I’d like to learn to play the violin from you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If it’s convenient for you, I’d like to learn to play the violin from you.（运用了If 引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型2】I hear that you are also interested in Chinese musical instruments.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Fortunate Escape
“Truth or Dare, Ben ” Max questioned. Max, Ben and I were walking home together while I took small bites of the beef burger I had grabbed from a shop nearby. “Truth or Dare” was a game we usually played to amuse ourselves on the lengthy, boring journey home. Ben wanted a dare. “Well, Ben, I dare you to carry my bag all the way home!” Max commanded as we laughed at poor Ben’s trouble.
As Ben pulled the heavy bag up his shoulder and adjusted the bag straps, he noticed that Max’s bag was partially open. When he hurriedly put it on his back, an object flew out of the bag, and over the fence of our neighbour’s house.
“Oh, no,” Max cried, “I think that was my English assignment.” Stretching his hand out and trying to crawl(爬)under the fence to save the paper, Ben found that it was just out of reach.
“Well, I guess I’ll just have to climb over the fence to get it,” Ben said. He was barely able to climb up, using the small gaps in the wooden fence as handholds as the fence was nearly as tall as him(which was not very tall), and low enough for something to be thrown over it. Sliding down the fence, Ben grabbed the valued piece of paper, complaining about injured dignity. Just then, a loud and frightening bark cut his words short.
“Woof, Woof!” Our neighbour, Mr Mason, owned a German shepherd(kind of dog), well-known for its fierceness, which guarded the house. It was something we had overlooked, too focused on bringing back Max’s assignment. Ben’s legs trembled like jelly and his face turned a deathly white as the German shepherd advanced slowly on him like a wolf moving towards its target.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Max and I stared at it in fear.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just then I caught sight of my half-eaten burger on the path.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Max and I stared at it in fear. Ben backed up against the fence, attempting to climb up, but a loud howl stopped him in his tracks. Recovering from the shock, I anxiously searched my mind for an idea about how I could assist Ben. Should I climb up the fence and help Ben Or could I do something to distract the dog Ben was in danger of being attacked by Mr Mason’s ferocious dog. Dropping everything, I searched my bag for something to help Ben.
Just then I caught sight of my half-eaten burger on the path. I had dropped it in panic. Dogs love beef! There was no time to waste. Grabbing it from the pavement, I used all my strength to throw it over the fence, hitting the German shepherd directly on the neck. “Eat it, dog!” I shouted. Thankfully, the dog decided that the burger was more appealing than a little boy. The dog turned its head away from Ben, who swiftly regained his calm and climbed over the fence. The three of us made our way home again, agreeing that it was a fortunate escape.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在回家的路上，Max、Ben和作者玩起了“真心话大冒险”游戏。Ben被要求帮Max背起他的书包，结果书包的拉链打开了，Max的英语作业飞出了书包。Ben试图越过邻居家的篱笆去救作业，但却被那只邻居家的德国牧羊犬吓住了。作者不知道如何帮助Ben，但意外发现了掉在地上的半个牛肉汉堡，就抓起汉堡扔向了牧羊犬。牧羊犬被诱惑住了，不再对Ben产生威胁。最后作者一行人成功地逃脱了危险，回家的路上感慨万分。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Max和我惊恐地盯着它。”可知，第一段可描写作者惊恐万分，想方设法寻找一些东西来分散狗狗的注意力，避免凶恶狗狗的袭击，拿回英语作业本。
②由第二段首句内容“就在这时，我在路上看到了我吃了一半的汉堡。”可知，第二段可描写作者看到了自己吃了一半的汉堡，惊慌失措地将它扔给狗狗，然后夺回作业本，最后解除危机，幸运逃脱。
2.续写线索：作业本飞出作者惊恐万分——作者想方设法分散狗狗注意力——作者发现吃了一半的汉堡扔向狗狗——狗狗被汉堡吸引——夺回作业本幸运逃脱
3.词汇激活
行为类
①尝试：attempt to do/try to do
②.寻找：search/seek
③.大喊：shout/scream/yell
情绪类
①.焦急地：anxiously/with great anxiety
②.恐慌地：in panic/in horror
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Recovering from the shock, I anxiously searched my mind for an idea about how I could assist Ben.（句中含有现在分词recovering作状语的结构）
[高分句型2]. The dog turned its head away from Ben, who swiftly regained his calm and climbed over the fence. （由who引导非限制性定语从句）高三英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读(共两书，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
While Alice has her adventures in the Wonderland, you can have your own as well this summer. British contemporary artist Philip Colbert has created a Lobster (龙虾) Wonderland in Changsha, Hunan Province.
Date: July 15
Location: Changsha International Finance Square (Changsha IFS)
About Philip Colbert
His globally welcomed lobster series has won the hearts of a large number of followers. The artist, with a master’s in philosophy, takes lobster as his second personality.
Through large installations, public art theme exhibition and new media art, the artist has introduced works from galleries and created a surreal art scenery in city’s public space with a combination of pop art and local culture.
Features
In Changsha IFS, Colbert’s exhibition, which is the London-based artist’s first large-scale outdoor public art installations, has three major sectors, showcasing his large installations, sculptures and new media arts as well as the special works created for the event.
The opening ceremony, an art carnival, saw the debut (首次登台) of a 12-meter-long Lobster Taikonaut specially made by Colbert. His Lobster Flower and Lobster Shark also found their way in the parade. At the southwest square, people can find Lobster Fountain towering 12 meters and enjoy two major theme sectors, Lobster Island and Lobster Skate Park.
Lobster Rainbow, a lobster breaking through a roof with a rainbow behind it, is the artist’s brand-new work for Changsha IFS. In his works, such as Daydreamer, Colbert also expresses his wish of narrowing the distance between art pieces and people.
1. What is Philip Colbert well known for
A. Alice Wonderland. B. Shark experience.
C. Lobster series. D. Rainbow story.
2. What can we learn about the exhibition according to the text
A. It took place in the open air.
B. There was no special works for the event.
C. People can enjoy lobster fountain and lake.
D. Lobster Island is the artist’s brand-new work for Changsha IFS.
3. Where can the text probably be found
A. A shopping brochure.
B. An art magazine.
C. A science report.
D. A fashion advertisement.
B
When Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed workarounds to enjoy concerts. “What they were doing at the time was holding balloons to feel the vibrations (震动) through their fingers,” Belquer said. He thought the team could make something to help hard-of- hearing people enjoy live music even more with the technology now available.
Belquer, who is also a musician and theater artist, is now the “Chief Vibrational Officer” of Music: Not Impossible, which uses new technology to address social issues like poverty and disability access. His team started by tying vibrating different cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn’t quite work. The vibrations were all the same. Eventually, they worked with engineers to develop a light haptic (触觉的) suit with a total of 24 vibrating plates. There are 20 of them tied to a vest that fits tightly around the body like a hiking backpack, plus one that ties to each wrist and ankle. When you wear the suit, it’s surprising how it feels.
The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. “What we’re doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body,” said the DJ. The haptic suits were just one component of the event. There were American Sign Language interpreters; the music was captioned on a screen on the stage.
The suits are the star attraction. Lily Lipman, who has auditory processing disorder, lit up when asked about her experience. “It’s cool, because I’m never quite sure if I’m hearing what other people are hearing, so it’s amazing to get the music in my body.”
4. What surprised Belquer about people with hearing problems
A. The way they enjoyed music.
B. The attitude they held to life.
C. The love they had for balloons.
D. The frequency they vibrated fingers.
5. Why did the team’s initial attempt fail
A. The motors were the same.
B The vibrations lacked variety.
C. The motors hardly worked.
D. The vibrations were irregular.
6. What did the DJ do
A. He interpreted the sign language.
B. He captioned the music on stage.
C. He selected suits for the attendees.
D. He helped people feel the music.
7. What does Lily Lipman think of the suit
A. Comforting. B. Challenging. C. Satisfying. D. Encouraging.
C
Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”.
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.”
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said.
8. What does paragraph 2 want to convey
A. The situation of species in the UK is severe.
B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority.
C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change.
D. The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing.
9. How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity
A. By developing strategy.
B. By offering guidance.
C. By expanding farming.
D. By restoring habitat.
10. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife
A. It was messy. B. It was limited.
C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife.
B. The responses to a government statement.
C. The effects of climate change on farming.
D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
D
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
12. How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A. By shortening their travel time.
B. By making their schedules tight.
C. By decreasing their transport cost.
D. By improving their safety awareness.
13. What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A. They provide more spatial coverage.
B They can’t detect objects on the road.
C. They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D. They accurately record the flow of traffic.
14. What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A. Operation. B. Monitoring. C. Protection. D. Arrangement.
15. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Transportation automation is on its way
B. It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C. Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D. Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting and staying focused can be a challenge even in the best of times. But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible. Below are some tips to help you find your flow.
Distract (使分心) your brain. Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities. ___16___. It’s the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind.
___17___. This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.
Block interruptions before diving into deep work. ___18___. To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts. Be vital when you want a deep dive into focus. Your important work benefits when you shut off or put away your phone and other screens.
Know your body clock. Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. ___19___.
Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we’re facing at work or home. ___20___
A. Try to daydream what happened
B We try to obtain focus but in vain
C. Engage in positive constructive daydreaming
D. Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff
E. This network of the brain circuit is where magic happens
F. Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselves
G. Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This is a true story that took place a few days ago. This woman looked ___21___, but she was very pretty in my eyes. I met the most beautiful woman in a shop. She wasn’t that ___22___ as she was 5 feet at the most. Her ___23___ was bent, too. She was thin and her face was ___24___ with black age spots from a lifetime of working in the sun. Her hair was thin and white. She was at least 80 years old and might have been over 90. She moved ___25___ and with great care. However, when she ___26___ at you in the eye and spoke to you, you could see her ___27___ beauty shining through.
Her face was wrinkled from a very ___28___ life of hard work and difficulty. But it was the lines around her eyes that caught my ___29___. These wrinkles were deep and forever “canyons” that had been ____30____ by a million smiles and a lifetime of laughter.
Her ____31____ were deep set and hidden behind thick, heavy glasses. But you could still see a lovely light ____32____ out of them. When she talked to you, they were bright with a wonderful shine that told you she was ____33____ with faith, love, hope, kindness and joy. I only ____34____ her for a minute or two, yet I left feeling better, and happier.
I only hope that one day my own face will ____35____ the signs that hers did, showing a happy life, and a loved life.
21. A. ordinary B. accessible C. delightful D. delicate
22. A. depressed B. efficient C. tall D. lazy
23. A. foot B. image C. back D. dignity
24. A. awarded B. covered C. associated D. issued
25. A. slowly B. firmly C. finally D. obviously
26. A. wondered B. looked C. glared D. pointed
27. A. superb B. slight C. typical D. true
28. A. long B. common C. reserved D. strange
29. A. concern B. attention C. curiosity D. sympathy
30. A. rewarded B. motivated C. formed D. integrated
31. A. options B. emotions C. smiles D. eyes
32. A. escaping B. shining C. dying D. swinging
33. A. anxious B. compared C. content D. filled
34. A. cast off B. focused on C. spoke to D. applauded for
35 A. change B. present C. lose D. improve
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diesel engines (柴油机) work on the same basic principles ___36___ gasoline engines, but they do the work differently. Let’s take a closer look.
The story of the diesel engine actually begins with the invention of the gasoline engine. Nikolaus August Otto ___37___ (invent) the gasoline engine in 1861. His invention used the four-stroke combustion (四冲程燃烧) principle, also known as the “Otto Cycle”, ___38___ is the basis for most car engines today. In its early stage, the gasoline engine wasn’t very efficient, and other major methods of transportation, such as the steam engine, performed ___39___ (poor) as well. Only about 10 percent of the fuel ___40___(use) to power these types of engines actually moved a vehicle. The rest of the fuel simply produced useless heat.
Rudolf Diesel created an engine with high efficiency, and he devoted much of his time to ___41___ (develop) a “combustion power engine”. By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for ___42___ we now call the diesel engine.
For decades, diesel engines had a reputation for being dirty and loud. While Europe adopted the technology pretty widely, most ___43___(drive) in the United States said, “No, thank you.” By the 21st century, though diesel engines became far cleaner, much ___44___ (quiet) and even more efficient, they experienced a setback in popular opinion because of a scandal (丑闻) in 2014. Thanks to ___45___ (they) proven efficiency, though, diesel engines are regaining some ground.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外教Novak精通小提琴，而你擅长琵琶（Chinese lute），你想跟他互相学习。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1.钦佩他的演奏；
2.提出互相学习。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Novak,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Fortunate Escape
“Truth or Dare, Ben ” Max questioned. Max, Ben and I were walking home together while I took small bites of the beef burger I had grabbed from a shop nearby. “Truth or Dare” was a game we usually played to amuse ourselves on the lengthy, boring journey home. Ben wanted a dare. “Well, Ben, I dare you to carry my bag all the way home!” Max commanded as we laughed at poor Ben’s trouble.
As Ben pulled the heavy bag up his shoulder and adjusted the bag straps, he noticed that Max’s bag was partially open. When he hurriedly put it on his back, an object flew out of the bag, and over the fence of our neighbour’s house.
“Oh, no,” Max cried, “I think that was my English assignment.” Stretching his hand out and trying to crawl(爬)under the fence to save the paper, Ben found that it was just out of reach.
“Well, I guess I’ll just have to climb over the fence to get it,” Ben said. He was barely able to climb up, using the small gaps in the wooden fence as handholds as the fence was nearly as tall as him(which was not very tall), and low enough for something to be thrown over it. Sliding down the fence, Ben grabbed the valued piece of paper, complaining about injured dignity. Just then, a loud and frightening bark cut his words short.
“Woof, Woof!” Our neighbour, Mr Mason, owned a German shepherd(kind of dog), well-known for its fierceness, which guarded the house. It was something we had overlooked, too focused on bringing back Max’s assignment. Ben’s legs trembled like jelly and his face turned a deathly white as the German shepherd advanced slowly on him like a wolf moving towards its target.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Max and I stared at it in fear.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just then I caught sight of my half-eaten burger on the path.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
