深圳高级中学(集团)2023—2024学年第一学期期末测试题
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
考试时间120分钟，满分120分。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.
Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1. Strong academic record
2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
1. What can we learn about SHAPE
A. It suits students talented in STEM. B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C. It serves as the start of students’ college life. D. It gives students chances to work with engineers.
2. In SHAPE, students can .
A. be free to explore the MakerSpace B. earn college credit for future study
C. put school knowledge into practice D. be equipped with skills for engineering
3. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to .
A. show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions
C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项针对高中生和应届毕业生的选择性大学预科课程：SHAPE。介绍了其课程特色以及申请要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.(SHAPE是为具有STEM：科学、技术、工程和数学天赋的学生量身定制的)”可知，SHAPE适合在STEM领域有天赋的学生。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.(SHAPE让学生对成为一名工程师意味着什么有了一个更现实的认识，它的专业发展部分帮助学生发展他们到达那里所需的技能)”可知，在SHAPE，学生可以掌握工程技能。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Application部分中“Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.(个人陈述，通过参与具有挑战性的课程、活动、项目等，展示对STEM的兴奋和兴趣)”可知，申请条件中需要学生陈述自己参加过的有挑战性的课程、活动、项目，这能证明自己的学习能力，由此可知，为了在SHAPE获得一席之地，学生需要证明自己的学习能力。故选D。
B
It’s 1:30 am in Kenya’s populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river, staring up at the night sky. These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨). They are not disappointed: Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm-long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye (裸眼)—steal the show.
Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics. They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.
“When I started this work, I didn’t see people who looked like me. I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that.” says Murabana.
“There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys,” she adds. “I’d like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers,” says Murabana.
Murabana’s passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education. “That was a gamechanger. If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager, my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive. I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer,” she says.
Inspired by the Cosmos Education, Murabana completed an online master’s degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 201l and set up her own outreach programme. She looked to Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model. “I hope that one day, through this work, I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space.”
4. What do the underlined words “steal the show” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Ruin the effort. B. Face the challenge.
C. Attract more attention. D. Keep the promise.
5. Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas
A. To help them out of poverty. B. To inspire their love of astronomy.
C. To look for assistants for her work. D. To give them an edge over boys in studies.
6. What can we learn about Murabana from paragraph 6
A. She enjoyed playing games.
B. She longed to be an astronomer.
C. She is an initiator of Cosmos Education.
D. She regretted not taking astronomy earlier.
7. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer.
B. The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C. The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people.
D. The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本篇是记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文“The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm-long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye(裸眼) (星际旅行由肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana组织，她带来了一个50公斤，170厘米长的望远镜，让这个团队可以观察火星和深空天体。但是在这里的桑布鲁，光污染最小，英仙座流星——肉眼可见)”可知，以前是这架望远镜让大家观察天体，而这次因为污染少流星雨用裸眼可以看见从而抢了望远镜的风头，因此划线部分的意思是“吸引了更多注意力”。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her. (他们主要针对偏远地区的学校，因为她的使命是给女孩们一个她希望能得到的机会。)”和第五段““There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys,” she adds. “I’d like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers,” says Murabana.(她补充说:“在肯尼亚有一种普遍的误解，认为天文学总体上是困难、无聊的，而且只适合男孩。”Murabana说:“我想告诉年轻女孩，天文学不是这两种东西，她们也可以成为天文学家。”)”可知，Murabana主要针对偏远地区的孩子尤其是女孩，为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager.my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive. I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer (如果在我十几岁的时候有一个外展小组来找我，我对天文学事业的态度会是积极的。我最终学习了社会学和经济学，但也许我想成为一名天文学家)”推知，Murabana后悔没有早点学天文学。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段“Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics. (每两个月，Murabana和她的丈夫将他们的望远镜装在他们4×4的屋顶上，出发去农村社区，在那里他们给多达300个孩子一个观察行星和了解星座的机会(星座)和天体物理学的基础知识)”可知，本文主要介绍了致力于把天文学带给人民的肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana的故事。故选C。
C
From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blin d passengers this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Rom a and AedoProject—to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows.
The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through, LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing.
“As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo.-one director of GTBRoma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and in stitutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”
The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advanced is indeed a kind and influential action.
8. How does the smart car window work
A. By sorting shaking movements. B. By recording the view with a camera.
C. By translating scenery into vibrations. D. By presenting different shades of colors.
9. What can we know about the technology according to Federico Russ
A. It will have wide application. B. It will be used in schools first.
C. It will be tested around the world. D. It will understand different languages.
10. What difficulty is Ford facing currently
A. How to explore their future business model.
B. How the technology is applied to everyday life.
C. How to produce autonomous cars in large numbers.
D. How an autonomous vehicle provides route information.
11. Which can be the best title for the text
A. AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road Trips
B. Ford Develops a System for the Blind to Drive
C Smart Window Lets Blin d Passengers Feel Views
D. Technology Makes Blind People’s Trip Enjoyable
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，帮助盲人感受旅途中的风景，带给盲人全新的旅行体验。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through, LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it.(智能车窗的原型有一个面向外部的摄像头。只需按下一个按钮，系统就会拍下当前视图的照片。然后通过不同震动的LED灯将彩色图像转换成不同灰度的图像。当手指经过图像的不同区域时，它的抖动动作通过触觉向使用它的人提供反馈)”可知，智能车窗通过将风景转化为振动，它的抖动动作通过触觉向使用它的人提供反馈。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and in stitutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”(他认为，这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车。“它可以作为一种工具引入学校和盲人机构，可以以多种方式使用。”)”可知，Federico Russo认为，这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车，还可以作为一种多用途的工具引入盲人学校和为盲人服务的机构。由此可推知，Federico Russo认为这项技术有广泛的应用价值。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available.(众所周知，该公司正在测试他们的技术和未来的商业模式，并努力弄清楚自动驾驶汽车如何为不同的乘客提供从一个目的地到另一个目的地所需的细节。目前还不清楚这项技术何时能投入使用)”可知，福特目前面临的困难是如何为不同的乘客提供从一个目的地到另一个目的地所需的细节，也就是自动驾驶汽车如何提供路线信息。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了福特公司联合GTB Roma和Aedo Project研发了一款智能车窗，这种智能车窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的风景，故D项“Smart Window Lets Blin d Passengers Feel Views(智能窗户让乘客感受美景)”作标题最为恰当。故选D项。
D
Survivor bias (偏见，偏差), occurs when you tend to assess successful outcomes and disregard failures. This sampling bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality.
Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters, it feels natural to emphasize success, whether it’s entrepreneurs, or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures.
Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well.
Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.
Undeniably, successful cases are usually more visible and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and disregarding other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions.
To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.
12. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A Making comparisons. B. Giving examples.
C. Describing facts. D. Analyzing data.
13. What may occur if you have a survivor bias
A. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis.
B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project.
C. You will only have partial data and reach an incorrect conclusion.
D. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances.
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. People tend to lose sight of the overall statistics.
B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories.
C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples.
D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school.
15. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias
A. Leave out the famous historic cases.
B. Collect a wide enough range of samples.
C. Focus on those most mentioned examples.
D. Select some successful and inspiring tales.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幸存者偏见现象和存在的原因，以及幸存者偏见的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. (想想马克·扎克伯格、史蒂夫·乔布斯和比尔·盖茨等著名的大学辍学生，他们都取得了巨大的成功。这些成功的例子可能会让你认为大学学位并没有什么好处。然而，这是幸存者偏见在起作用！这些名人都是媒体报道的热点人物。你会听到更多关于他们的消息，因为他们是非凡的。你没有考虑到其他数百万既不富有也不出名的大学辍学生。你也需要评估他们的结果。)”和第四段“Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. (幸存者偏见甚至出现在关于严重疾病的医学研究中。更年轻、更健康、更健康的患者往往更容易在疾病的最初诊断中存活下来。因此，他们更有可能加入医学研究。相反，年龄较大、身体较弱的患者不太可能存活足够长的时间来参与研究。因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人。)”可知，两个段落用举例说明幸存者偏见现象和原因。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. (毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据。不完整的数据会影响你的决策过程。简单地说，幸存者偏见会产生不准确的样本，导致你得出不正确的结论。)”可知，如果你有幸存者偏见，你只会得到部分数据，得出错误的结论。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. (你会听到更多关于他们的消息，因为他们是非凡的。你没有考虑到其他数百万既不富有也不出名的大学辍学生。你也需要评估他们的结果。)”和第四段“Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. (因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人。)”由文章第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. (毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据。不完整的数据会影响你的决策过程。简单地说，幸存者偏见会产生不准确的样本，导致你得出不正确的结论。)”可知，人们往往忽视了总体统计数据。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.(为了尽量减少幸存者偏见的影响，你应该想办法从人群中抽取一个有代表性的样本，而不仅仅是几个成功的样本。这个过程可能需要更多的花费和努力，但你会得到更好的结果。)”可知，作者建议读者收集足够广泛的样本从而避免幸存者偏见。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every New Year, thousands decide they’re going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous. ____16____.
Not aiming high enough. While it’s easy to think setting easy goals will keep you motivated, it may harm your long-term motivation. If you make goals that are too achievable, you’ll get bored and lose interest. ____17____. If you’re used to staying within your comfort zone, you'll be missing out on the satisfaction of achieving a life-changing goal. When you push yourself, you'll be able to build unshakable confidence as you achieve goal after goal.
____18____. This is a fear many of us deal with. Instead of taking action, we start worrying about “ What if ” “What if it doesn’t work out What if my dream isn’t truly my dream What if I don’t succeed ” If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life. ____19____. You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, “ What would my ideal life look like ”
Letting fear control your mind and actions. Fear can prevent you from achieving your dreams. You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don’t learn how to manage your fears. ____20____ . One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear. With deep introspection (反省), you can uncover the exact moment when those fears are holding you back from growing. This will give you a window of opportunity to communicate with your inner being and find release.
A. Lacking self-confidence
B. Being uncertain about the future
C. Fortunately, fear can be overcome
D. Below you’ll find some common reasons why you’re losing motivation
E. Many of us are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure
F. Ideally, you want to strike a balance between pushing yourself and creating realistic goals
G. However, when you find your purpose and passion, you’ll be driven to struggle for excellence
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致我们失去动力常见原因以及如何去分别克服它们。
【16题详解】
根据第一段的前两句“Every New Year, thousands decide they're going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous.（每年的新年，成千上万的人决定要改变他们的生活，但实际上只有不到10%的人坚持自己的计划。）”可知，本段在说明多数人难以坚持自己的计划。根据设空处的下一段的第一句“Not aiming high enough.（目标不够高）”可知，文章接下来是说明原因。故D项“下面你会发现一些导致你失去动力的常见原因”符合题意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据设空的前一句“If you make goals that are too achievable, you'll get bored and lose interest.（如果你制定的目标太过容易实现，你会感到无聊，失去兴趣。）”可知，本段在讲述目标过低的情况。F项“理想情况下，你需要在督促自己和设定现实目标之间取得平衡”与空前一句联系紧密，并与下文中的 “push yourself（推动自己）”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据文章的结构可知，此空位于段首，应是主题句。根据下文中的“worrying about（担忧）”和段中多次提到的“What if（假若……怎么办）”可知，本段介绍的是不确定的情况，故B项“对未来不确定”符合语境。故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据设空前一句“If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life.（如果你在设立愿景方面有困难，那么你就有可能在生活中漫无目的。）”和设空后一句“You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, " What would my ideal life look like "（你可以通过问自己“我的理想生活是什么样子的？”来开始探索你的人生目标）”可推断，空处是过渡句，承上启下。G项“然而，当你找到自己的目标和激情时，你就会被驱使着去追求卓越” 中的“purpose（目标）”与设空后的“life purpose（人生目标）”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据设空前一句“You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don't learn how to manage your fears.（如果你不学会控制自己的恐惧，你将会错过生活中的机会。）”和设空后一句“One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear.（管理恐惧的一种方法是寻找恐惧的根源。）”可推知，设空处应是关于管理或克服恐惧的内容，故选C项“幸运的是，恐惧是可以克服的”符合上下文语境。故选C项。
第二部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Recently, a 15-year-old girl Lynn Sumpter broke the rules by going to a sleepover party secretly. And her ____21____ gave her a choice between handing over her phone for a month, or giving them access to her social media for two weeks. She chose the latter and the netizens are so ____22____ of it.
Lynn Sumpter’s social media ____23____ by her parents, Tawnya Ford and Lary Sumpter, began early in November with an instagram (照片墙) post that ____24____ she had chosen to abandon her social media for two weeks. So her ____25____ could expect “some amazing Instagram posts, snapchats and tiktoks from her parents”. On November 11, Lynn’s dad had already begun his ____26____ exploration to embarrass his teen daughter, by ____27____ one of his photos, saying “Felt cute. Might delete later”. But that was ____28____ the beginning. From posing in a tight top and ____29____ a blonde wig (假发) to dancing around in a pair of shorts and a tank-top (背心), it seemed like there was nothing the 43-year-old wouldn’t do to ____30____.
Over the course of two weeks, Lynn Sumpter’s Instagram following ____31____ from around 2,700 to 12,700 at the time of this writing, so she should probably thank her parents for their ____32____ punishment. The only question is “Can she ____33____ dad Larry’s creativity ” She’ll have to give it a(n) ____34____ as many of her social media fans are already ____35____ her to bring dad back.
21. A. classmates B. teachers C. parents D. friends
22. A. appreciative B. proud C. afraid D. confident
23. A. breakdown B. takeover C. comeback D. makeup
24. A. consulted B. found C. pretended D. announced
25. A. relatives B. followers C. classmates D. teachers
26. A. similar B. amusing C. safe D. fearful
27. A. sharing B. downloading C. exploring D. preserving
28. A. exactly B. definitely C. merely D. surprisedly
29. A. leaving B. putting C. wearing D. enjoying
30. A. entertain B. relax C. exercise D. compete
31. A. doubled B. dived C. counted D. jumped
32. A. average B. severe C. original D. constant
33. A. live up to B. get rid of C. look down on D. put up with
34. A. right B. start C. topic D. go
35. A. warning B. asking C. allowing D. forcing
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个15岁的女孩林恩·萨姆特未经父母允许参加了一个通宵派对，作为惩罚她的父母给了她一个选择，要么把手机交给他们一个月，要么让他们使用她的社交媒体两周。林恩选择了后者，爸爸为了惩罚她而在她的社交网络上发恶搞照片却意外赢得了很多粉丝。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的父母给了她一个选择，要么把手机交给他们一个月，要么让他们使用她的社交媒体两周。A. classmates同学；B. teachers老师；C. parents父母；D. friends朋友。根据后文“by her parents”可知，这是她的父母给她的选择，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她选择了后者，网友们对此非常欣赏。A. appreciative欣赏的；B. proud骄傲的；C. afraid害怕的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“could expect “some amazing Instagram posts, snapchats and tiktoks from her parents”.”可知，她选择让她的父母使用她的社交媒体两周，网友们对此非常欣赏。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：林恩·桑普特的父母托尼亚·福特和拉里·桑普特从11月初开始接管了她的社交媒体，当时她在instagram上发布了一条消息，宣布她选择放弃社交媒体两周。A. breakdown崩溃；B. takeover接管；C. comeback复出，再度受欢迎；D. makeup组成。根据上文“giving them access to her social media for two weeks”可知，她的父母会接管她的社交媒体两周时间。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：林恩·桑普特的父母托尼亚·福特和拉里·桑普特从11月初开始接管了她的社交媒体，当时她在instagram上发布了一条消息，宣布她选择放弃社交媒体两周。A. consulted咨询；B. found找到；C. pretended假装；D. announced宣布。根据后文“she had chosen to abandon her social media for two weeks”可知，她在instagram上发布了一条消息，宣布她选择放弃社交媒体两周。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以她的粉丝们可以期待“她父母在Instagram上发一些很棒的帖子、快照和抖音”。A. relatives亲戚；B. followers追随者；C. classmates同学；D. teachers老师。根据后文“Over the course of two weeks, Lynn Sumpter’s Instagram following ____11____ from around 2,700 to 12,700 at the time of this writing”以及“She’ll have to give it a(n) ____14____ as many of her social media fans are already ____15____ her to bring dad back.”可知，期待她父母在Instagram上发一些很棒的帖子、快照和抖音的是女孩的粉丝，即追随者。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：11月11日，林恩的爸爸已经开始了他的有趣探索，让他十几岁的女儿难堪，他分享了一张他的照片，并说：“感觉很可爱。可能以后会删除”。A. similar相似的；B. amusing有趣的；C. safe安全的；D. fearful害怕的。根据后文“exploration to embarrass his teen daughter”以及发布的照片，可知林恩的爸爸已经开始了他的有趣探索。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：11月11日，林恩的爸爸已经开始了他的有趣探索，让他十几岁的女儿难堪，他分享了一张他的照片，并说：“感觉很可爱。可能以后会删除”。A. sharing分享；B. downloading下载；C. exploring探索；D. preserving保留。根据后文“one of his photos, saying “Felt cute. Might delete later””可知，父亲分享了一张他的照片。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这仅仅是个开始。A. exactly恰好地；B. definitely肯定；C. merely仅仅；D. surprisedly惊人地。根据后文林恩的父亲进行了一系列的尝试，从穿着紧身上衣、戴着金色假发的姿势，到穿着短裤和背心跳舞，所以林恩的父亲发布一张自己的照并说“感觉很可爱。可能以后会删除”仅仅是个开始。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从穿着紧身上衣、戴着金色假发的姿势，到穿着短裤和背心跳舞，似乎没有什么是这位43岁的歌手不会做的。A. leaving离开；B. putting放置；C. wearing穿着；D. enjoying欣赏。根据后文“a blonde wig”指穿戴假发，应用动词wear。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从穿着紧身上衣、戴着金色假发摆姿势，到穿着短裤和背心跳舞，似乎没有什么是这位43岁的人不会做的。A. entertain娱乐；B. relax放松；C. exercise锻炼；D. compete完成。根据上文“From posing in a tight top and wearing a blonde wig to dancing around in a pair of shorts and a tank-top”以及“On November 11, Lynn’s dad had already begun his ____6____ exploration to embarrass his teen daughter”可知，林恩的父亲这么做是为了恶搞，娱乐粉丝让女儿尴尬。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在两周的时间里，林恩·萨姆特在Instagram上的粉丝从2700人左右猛增到12700人，所以她应该感谢父母最初的惩罚。A. doubled翻倍；B. dived潜水；C. counted计算；D. jumped激增，跳跃。根据后文“from around 2,700 to 12,700”指粉丝数猛涨，应用jump。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在两周的时间里，林恩·萨姆特在Instagram上的粉丝从2700人左右猛增到12700人，所以她应该感谢父母最初的惩罚。A. average平均的；B. severe严重的；C. original最初的；D. constant不断地。根据后文“punishment”以及上文内容可知，父亲接管女儿社交媒体最初是作为对女儿参加通宵派对的惩罚。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：唯一的问题是“她能达到爸爸Larry的创造力吗？”A. live up to达到；B. get rid of摆脱；C. look down on看不起；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“Over the course of two weeks, Lynn Sumpter’s Instagram following ____11____ from around 2,700 to 12,700 at the time of this writing”以及下文“as many of her social media fans are already ____15____ her to bring dad back”可知，爸爸在社交媒体的分享让人们很赞赏，现在的问题是Lynn Sumpter是否能够延续下去，达到爸爸Larry这两周的创造力。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她必须试一试，因为她的许多社交媒体粉丝已经在期待她把爸爸带回来。A. right权利；B. start开始；C. topic主题；D. go尝试。根据上文“The only question is “Can she ____13____ dad Larry’s creativity ””以及空后“as many of her social media fans are already ____15____ her to bring dad back”可知，Lynn Sumpter必须尝试一下，看自己能否达到爸爸Larry这两周的创造力。短语give it a go表示“尝试”。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她必须试一试，因为她的许多社交媒体粉丝已经在期待她把爸爸带回来。A. warning警告；B. asking询问，要求；C. allowing允许；D. forcing迫使。根据后文“her to bring dad back”指社交媒体粉丝都在要求她让她爸爸继续接管她的社交媒体。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____36____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____37____ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____38____ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____39____ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____40____ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____41____ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____42____ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____43____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____44____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____45_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】36. and
37. originally
38. surrounded
39. were permitted
40. featured
41. spacious
42. simpler
43. as 44. events
45. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词mean需用副词originally。故填originally。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were permitted。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处未句子谓语，结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序，宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：由于北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式。故填events。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
第三部分 基础知识(共两节，满分15分)
第一节 用所给词汇的正确形式填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)。
46. China has taken some measures to s___________ (加强，巩固) social assistance for people most in need and fight against poverty, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said Sunday.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】strengthen##trengthen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：民政部周日表示，中国已经采取了一些措施来加强对最需要帮助的人的社会救助，并与贫困作斗争。根据中英文提示可知应用动词strengthen，此处为短语take measures to do sth.，应填原形。故填strengthen。
47. Miss Granger, a plain but a___________ (野心勃勃的) girl, seems to have a taste for famous wizards that Harry alone cannot satisfy. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】ambitious##mbitious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：格兰杰小姐相貌平平，但野心勃勃，她对著名巫师的喜爱似乎是哈利一个人无法满足的。“野心勃勃的”修饰名词girl，结合首字母提示，用形容词ambitious作定语。故填ambitious。
48. People used to build strong walls round their towns as a d___________ (防御) against enemies. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】defense##efense##defence##efence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们过去常常在城镇周围修筑坚固的城墙，以抵御敌人。根据中英文提示可知应用名词defense/defence，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填defense/defence。
49. The public are capable of holding a number of apparently c___________ (互相矛盾的) attitudes. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】contradictory##ontradictory##conflicting##onflicting
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：公众能够持有许多明显矛盾的态度。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词contradictory /conflicting，作定语修饰名词attitudes。故填contradictory /conflicting。
50. Maiden, your simplicity, like blueness of the lake, r___________ (透露) your depth of truth. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】reveals##eveals##revealed##evealed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：少女啊，你的纯朴，如湖水的碧蓝，透露出你真实的深邃。“透露”是句中谓语，结合首字母提示，用动词reveal；根据句意，句子可以是描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式reveals，也可以理解为描述过去的事情，用一般过去时态revealed。故填reveals/revealed。
51. Though smiling generally brings more trust, new research provides evidence that a smile can increase or decrease how trustworthy you are p___________ (看待，认为) depending on your personality. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】perceived##erceived
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然微笑通常会带来更多的信任，但新的研究表明，微笑可以根据你的个性增加或减少你被认为值得信赖的程度。根据中英文提示可知应用动词perceive，作谓语，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填perceived。
52. Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to d___________ (区分) television’s influences on children from those of the family. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】distinguish##istinguish##differ##iffer
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：著名心理学家丹尼尔·安德森认为，区分电视对孩子的影响和家庭对孩子的影响是很重要的。根据汉语提示可知应用动词distinguish/ differ，此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。故填distinguish/differ。
53. Since Chatgpt, an AI chatbot, was made available to the public at the end of November, it has g___________ (产生，引起) another wave of hype. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】generated##enerated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：自从人工智能聊天机器人Chatgpt于11月底向公众推出以来，它又引发了一波炒作。根据中英文提示可知应用动词generate，作谓语，结合has可知为现在完成时。故填generated。
54. As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with a___________ (可选择的事物) to the traditional work environments of the past. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】alternatives##lternatives
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着我们从以工业为基础的经济转向以知识为基础的经济，办公室设计师们想出了一些替代过去传统工作环境的办法。根据中英文提示可知应用名词alternative，作宾语，此处数量大于一应用复数。故填alternatives。
55. Yet the efficient learning of specific facts may lead to the a ___________ (假设) that when the adult has finished teaching, there is nothing further to learn—because if there were, the adult would have said so. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】assumption##ssumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，对具体事实的有效学习可能会导致这样一种假设：当成年人完成教学后，就没有什么可学的了——因为如果有的话，成年人早就这么说了。根据中英文提示可知应用名词assumption，作宾语，此处为特指。故填assumption。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)。
根据句意，从所给词组中挑选合适的一项并用其正确形式完成句子，其中有两个选项为多余选项
break down; by contrast; subscribe to;participate in; in charge of; engage in; in turn
56. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who _____________ instruct middle school students on the topic.
57 The two governments have agreed to _____________ a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
58. The Drafting Committee will be _____________ working out a draft resolution to be submitted to the Conference for deliberation.
59. The authorities no longer _____________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
60. Romain Rolland set out to portray the adventures of the soul of his hero and succeeded magnificently; in addition, he _____________ the artistic barrier between France and Germany.
【答案】56. in turn
57. engage in ##participate in
58. in charge of
59. subscribe to
60. broke down
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他们让大学本科生向高中生讲授计算机科学，然后高中生再轮流向中学生讲授这一主题。空格处作状语，修饰动词instruct，应用介词短语，in turn“轮流”是介词短语，符合句意。故填in turn。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：两国政府已同意参与全面对话以解决问题。agreed to do为“同意做某事”空格处应填动词原形，engage in /participate in“参与”为动词短语，符合句意。故填engage in /participate in。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：起草委员会将负责拟定一份提交会议审议的决议草案。in charge of“管理”为介词短语，符合句意，介词短语作表语。故填 in charge of。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：当局不再赞同残疾人不宜当教师的观点。空格处作谓语，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，subscribe to“赞同”为动词短语，符合句意。故填subscribe to。
【60题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：罗曼·罗兰开始描绘他的主人公灵魂的冒险，并取得了巨大的成功；此外，他还打破了法国和德国之间的艺术壁垒。空格处作谓语，应用一般过去时，break down“打破”为动词短语，符合句意。故填broke down。
第四部分 读后续写(满分25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After a very meaningful conversation with my dad about the old days, we came up with an object that we both remembered clearly. It was my first bicycle. My mind told me I got it when I was seven, who was cheated to ride it for fifty yards alone the first time I tried!
My dad put together all the small pieces of the bicycle from a beautiful material that he called, “Your own car.” Of course I knew he had some magical ability, but I didn’t think he could make such an awesome object. He added the seat and the pedals (脚踏板) so that I would not have any problems. My dad recalled the bicycle was the smallest he could find while I remember how huge it was. I was so afraid of it and there was no way that I was going to control that monster-sized material. The bicycle was left in my backyard as a decoration for a month because I refused to ride it. Honestly, I was scared to try it.
After a month, my dad gave me a lecture to teach me what being a man was all about. I was finally determined to try it. My dad was proud of me and I felt very manly. He and I went to the park to see what we could do there. The park was empty when we arrived. I had no doubt that my dad told everybody not to be there because we had to use it. I felt sorry for other people, but I was proud to have such an capable person as my dad. We found a smooth and open space. My dad was holding the back part of the seat to make sure I didn’t fell. He promised me that I was not going to fall because he would be running right behind, holding the bicycle.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I started to pedal and the bicycle moved.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I turned around and found my dad was not behind.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A possible version
I started to pedal and the bicycle moved. As the wheels responded beautifully and smoothly, it was for the first time that I felt this sensation of freewheeling. Carefully steering the bicycle, my heart thumped as the bicycle was accelerating. Attempting to behave manly, I sat straight, pedaling and wondering whether and when I could handle the bike on my own. Minutes ticked by before it hit me that my dad would be worn out after following me for such a long distance. “Dad, you could let go if you are tired.” I yelled. No response!
I turned around and found my dad was not behind. My mind going blank, I was scared out of wits! I landed on the road and fell off the bike before I knew where the brakes were. Luckily, I only got some scratches on the knees and elbows. Minutes later, my dad caught up and congratulated me on my being manly for cycling 50 yards on my own. After a few more hours’ practice I learnt how to pedal, steer, turn and brake properly. A little frightening as the experience was, I felt the joy of learning to do something independently and grateful for the meaningful memory with my father.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和在和爸爸就过去的时光进行了一次非常有意义的交谈后，他们想出了一件他们都记得很清楚的东西。就是作者的第一辆自行车以及作者第一次骑自行车的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我开始踩踏板，自行车就动了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在爸爸的帮助下，作者骑走了自行车。但作者担心爸爸累，要求爸爸松手。
②由第二段首句内容“我转过身，发现爸爸不在后面。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸想放开手让作者独自骑行，作者通过反复的练习，慢慢的开始会骑自行车了。
2.续写线索：我骑走自行车——担心爸爸累——发现爸爸不在——我摔倒——爸爸教——反复练习——学会骑车
3.词汇激活
行为类
①(心)怦怦跳：thump /pound
②操控：handle /control /operate
③转身：turn around / turn back
情绪类
①害怕：scared /frightened
②愉快：joy /pleasure
③感激的：grateful /thankful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. As the wheels responded beautifully and smoothly, it was for the first time that I felt this sensation of freewheeling.（运用as引导的时间状语从句和强调句型。）
[高分句型2]. Attempting to behave manly, I sat straight, pedaling and wondering whether and when I could handle the bike on my own.（运用现在分词作状语以及whether和when引导的宾语从句。）
[高分句型3]. Minutes ticked by before it hit me that my dad would be worn out after following me for such a long distance.（运用before引导时间状语从句以及that引导主语从句。）深圳高级中学(集团)2023—2024学年第一学期期末测试题
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
考试时间120分钟，满分120分。
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.
Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1. Strong academic record
2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
1. What can we learn about SHAPE
A. It suits students talented in STEM. B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C. It serves as the start of students’ college life. D. It gives students chances to work with engineers.
2. In SHAPE, students can .
A. be free to explore the MakerSpace B. earn college credit for future study
C. put school knowledge into practice D. be equipped with skills for engineering
3. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to .
A show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions
C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability
B
It’s 1:30 am in Kenya’s populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river, staring up at the night sky. These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨). They are not disappointed: Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm-long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye (裸眼)—steal the show.
Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics. They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.
“When I started this work, I didn’t see people who looked like me. I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that.” says Murabana.
“There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys,” she adds. “I’d like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers,” says Murabana.
Murabana’s passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education. “That was a gamechanger. If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager, my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive. I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer,” she says.
Inspired by the Cosmos Education, Murabana completed an online master’s degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 201l and set up her own outreach programme. She looked to Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model. “I hope that one day, through this work, I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space.”
4. What do the underlined words “steal the show” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Ruin the effort. B. Face the challenge.
C. Attract more attention. D. Keep the promise.
5. Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas
A. To help them out of poverty. B. To inspire their love of astronomy.
C. To look for assistants for her work. D. To give them an edge over boys in studies.
6. What can we learn about Murabana from paragraph 6
A. She enjoyed playing games.
B. She longed to be an astronomer.
C. She is an initiator of Cosmos Education.
D. She regretted not taking astronomy earlier.
7. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer.
B. The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C. The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people.
D. The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower.
C
From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blin d passengers this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Rom a and AedoProject—to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows.
The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through, LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing.
“As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo.-one director of GTBRoma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and in stitutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”
The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advanced is indeed a kind and influential action.
8. How does the smart car window work
A. By sorting shaking movements. B. By recording the view with a camera.
C. By translating scenery into vibrations. D. By presenting different shades of colors.
9. What can we know about the technology according to Federico Russ
A. It will have wide application. B. It will be used in schools first.
C. It will be tested around the world. D. It will understand different languages.
10. What difficulty is Ford facing currently
A. How to explore their future business model.
B. How the technology is applied to everyday life.
C. How to produce autonomous cars in large numbers.
D. How an autonomous vehicle provides route information.
11. Which can be the best title for the text
A. AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road Trips
B. Ford Develops a System for the Blind to Drive
C. Smart Window Lets Blin d Passengers Feel Views
D. Technology Makes Blind People’s Trip Enjoyable
D
Survivor bias (偏见，偏差), occurs when you tend to assess successful outcomes and disregard failures. This sampling bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality.
Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters, it feels natural to emphasize success, whether it’s entrepreneurs, or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures.
Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well.
Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.
Undeniably, successful cases are usually more visible and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and disregarding other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions.
To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.
12. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Making comparisons. B. Giving examples.
C. Describing facts. D. Analyzing data.
13 What may occur if you have a survivor bias
A. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis.
B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project.
C. You will only have partial data and reach an incorrect conclusion.
D. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances.
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. People tend to lose sight of the overall statistics.
B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories.
C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples.
D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school.
15. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias
A. Leave out the famous historic cases.
B. Collect a wide enough range of samples.
C. Focus on those most mentioned examples.
D. Select some successful and inspiring tales.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every New Year, thousands decide they’re going to change their lives. Fewer than 10 percent actually stick with their plans, and that figure is being generous. ____16____.
Not aiming high enough. While it’s easy to think setting easy goals will keep you motivated, it may harm your long-term motivation. If you make goals that are too achievable, you’ll get bored and lose interest. ____17____. If you’re used to staying within your comfort zone, you'll be missing out on the satisfaction of achieving a life-changing goal. When you push yourself, you'll be able to build unshakable confidence as you achieve goal after goal.
____18____. This is a fear many of us deal with. Instead of taking action, we start worrying about “ What if ” “What if it doesn’t work out What if my dream isn’t truly my dream What if I don’t succeed ” If you have trouble creating a vision , then you’re at the risk of being aimless through life. ____19____. You can start the process of discovering your life purpose by asking yourself, “ What would my ideal life look like ”
Letting fear control your mind and actions. Fear can prevent you from achieving your dreams. You’ll miss out on opportunities in life if you don’t learn how to manage your fears. ____20____ . One way to manage fear is to look for the root cause of your fear. With deep introspection (反省), you can uncover the exact moment when those fears are holding you back from growing. This will give you a window of opportunity to communicate with your inner being and find release.
A. Lacking self-confidence
B. Being uncertain about the future
C. Fortunately, fear can be overcome
D. Below you’ll find some common reasons why you’re losing motivation
E. Many of us are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure
F. Ideally, you want to strike a balance between pushing yourself and creating realistic goals
G. However, when you find your purpose and passion, you’ll be driven to struggle for excellence
第二部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Recently, a 15-year-old girl Lynn Sumpter broke the rules by going to a sleepover party secretly. And her ____21____ gave her a choice between handing over her phone for a month, or giving them access to her social media for two weeks. She chose the latter and the netizens are so ____22____ of it.
Lynn Sumpter’s social media ____23____ by her parents, Tawnya Ford and Lary Sumpter, began early in November with an instagram (照片墙) post that ____24____ she had chosen to abandon her social media for two weeks. So her ____25____ could expect “some amazing Instagram posts, snapchats and tiktoks from her parents”. On November 11, Lynn’s dad had already begun his ____26____ exploration to embarrass his teen daughter, by ____27____ one of his photos, saying “Felt cute. Might delete later”. But that was ____28____ the beginning. From posing in a tight top and ____29____ a blonde wig (假发) to dancing around in a pair of shorts and a tank-top (背心), it seemed like there was nothing the 43-year-old wouldn’t do to ____30____.
Over the course of two weeks, Lynn Sumpter’s Instagram following ____31____ from around 2,700 to 12,700 at the time of this writing, so she should probably thank her parents for their ____32____ punishment. The only question is “Can she ____33____ dad Larry’s creativity ” She’ll have to give it a(n) ____34____ as many of her social media fans are already ____35____ her to bring dad back.
21. A. classmates B. teachers C. parents D. friends
22. A. appreciative B. proud C. afraid D. confident
23. A. breakdown B. takeover C. comeback D. makeup
24. A. consulted B. found C. pretended D. announced
25. A. relatives B. followers C. classmates D. teachers
26. A. similar B. amusing C. safe D. fearful
27. A. sharing B. downloading C. exploring D. preserving
28. A. exactly B. definitely C. merely D. surprisedly
29. A. leaving B. putting C. wearing D. enjoying
30. A. entertain B. relax C. exercise D. compete
31. A. doubled B. dived C. counted D. jumped
32. A. average B. severe C. original D. constant
33. A. live up to B. get rid of C. look down on D. put up with
34. A. right B. start C. topic D. go
35. A. warning B. asking C. allowing D. forcing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____36____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____37____ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____38____ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____39____ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____40____ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____41____ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____42____ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____43____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____44____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____45_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
第三部分 基础知识(共两节，满分15分)
第一节 用所给词汇的正确形式填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)。
46. China has taken some measures to s___________ (加强，巩固) social assistance for people most in need and fight against poverty, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said Sunday.(根据中英文提示填空)
47. Miss Granger, a plain but a___________ (野心勃勃的) girl, seems to have a taste for famous wizards that Harry alone cannot satisfy. (根据中英文提示填空)
48 People used to build strong walls round their towns as a d___________ (防御) against enemies. (根据中英文提示填空)
49. The public are capable of holding a number of apparently c___________ (互相矛盾的) attitudes. (根据中英文提示填空)
50. Maiden, your simplicity, like blueness of the lake, r___________ (透露) your depth of truth. (根据中英文提示填空)
51. Though smiling generally brings more trust, new research provides evidence that a smile can increase or decrease how trustworthy you are p___________ (看待，认为) depending on your personality. (根据中英文提示填空)
52. Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to d___________ (区分) television’s influences on children from those of the family. (根据中英文提示填空)
53. Since Chatgpt, an AI chatbot, was made available to the public at the end of November, it has g___________ (产生，引起) another wave of hype. (根据中英文提示填空)
54. As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with a___________ (可选择的事物) to the traditional work environments of the past. (根据中英文提示填空)
55. Yet the efficient learning of specific facts may lead to the a ___________ (假设) that when the adult has finished teaching there is nothing further to learn—because if there were, the adult would have said so. (根据中英文提示填空)
第二节 (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)。
根据句意，从所给词组中挑选合适的一项并用其正确形式完成句子，其中有两个选项为多余选项
break down; by contrast; subscribe to;participate in; in charge of; engage in; in turn
56. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who _____________ instruct middle school students on the topic.
57. The two governments have agreed to _____________ a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
58. The Drafting Committee will be _____________ working out a draft resolution to be submitted to the Conference for deliberation.
59. The authorities no longer _____________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
60. Romain Rolland set out to portray the adventures of the soul of his hero and succeeded magnificently; in addition, he _____________ the artistic barrier between France and Germany.
第四部分 读后续写(满分25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After a very meaningful conversation with my dad about the old days, we came up with an object that we both remembered clearly. It was my first bicycle. My mind told me I got it when I was seven, who was cheated to ride it for fifty yards alone the first time I tried!
My dad put together all the small pieces of the bicycle from a beautiful material that he called “Your own car.” Of course I knew he had some magical ability, but I didn’t think he could make such an awesome object. He added the seat and the pedals (脚踏板) so that I would not have any problems. My dad recalled the bicycle was the smallest he could find while I remember how huge it was. I was so afraid of it and there was no way that I was going to control that monster-sized material. The bicycle was left in my backyard as a decoration for a month because I refused to ride it. Honestly, I was scared to try it.
After a month, my dad gave me a lecture to teach me what being a man was all about. I was finally determined to try it. My dad was proud of me and I felt very manly. He and I went to the park to see what we could do there. The park was empty when we arrived. I had no doubt that my dad told everybody not to be there because we had to use it. I felt sorry for other people, but I was proud to have such an capable person as my dad. We found a smooth and open space. My dad was holding the back part of the seat to make sure I didn’t fell. He promised me that I was not going to fall because he would be running right behind, holding the bicycle.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I started to pedal and the bicycle moved.
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I turned around and found my dad was not behind.
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