2023~2024学年度第一学期期末抽测
高二年级英语试题
说明：1. 本试卷共10页, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 在答题纸的密封线内填写学校、班级、姓名、考号等, 密封线内不要答题。
3. 请将所有答案均按照题号填涂或填写在答题卡/纸相应的答题处, 否则不得分。
第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which part of the house has been repaired
A. The walls B. The roof. C. The doors.
2. What’s the relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Librarian and student.
3. What time is it
A. 9:10. B. 9:00. C. 8:50.
4. What problem does the woman have
A. She can’t read messages.
B. She can’t fall asleep at night.
C. She is addicted to her phone.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The woman’s colleagues. B. The man’s hairstyle. C. Their age
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At school. B. At a shop C. At home
7. What will the boy do next
A. Check his bike B. Buy a pen C. Review his notes.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. Why is the man surprised by the meal
A. It was very hot B. It tasted very good. C. It was very expensive
9. How many times has the woman been to Italy
A. One. B. Two C. Six.
10. What are the speakers going to do next
A. Travel somewhere else. B. Book tickets to Italy. C. Have a chat over a drink
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. Where are the speakers going now
A. To a hotel. B. To a park. C. To a museum.
12. What do we know about the speakers
A. They are strangers. B. They are tourists. C. They are locals.
13. How does the woman feel
A. Tired. B. Upset. C. Hungry.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。
14. Why is the new sofa so cheap
A. The back has a small hole.
B. All the legs are weak.
C. It is very dirty.
15. What color is the wall
A. Green B. Yellow. C. White.
16. What does the man say about the woman
A. She is not very neat.
B. She doesn’t like the color white.
C. She often finds things at low prices.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. What is the purpose of the experiment
A. To reduce the spread of disease.
B. To kill all male mosquitoes.
C. To learn more about mosquitoes.
18. What are the environmental groups worried about
A. Too many mosquitoes will die.
B. Mosquitoes may start to resist chemicals.
C. New chemicals will harm the environment.
19. What is known about mosquitoes
A. Only females bite humans.
B. Males also need human blood.
C. Females feed only on plants.
20. What could benefit most from the experiment
A The environment. B. The economy. C. Human health.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第 一 节(共15小题;每小题2 . 5分, 满分37 . 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The natural world is all around us, but sometimes it requires taking a step back from our daily lives to truly appreciate it. The escapes on this list allow you to gain some perspective and make you immersed in the landscapes.
Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA
As one of the world’s most precious animal reserves, the Four Seasons Safari Lodge invites guests to put down their phones and refresh their mind. Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. Or experience the wonder from the air via hot air balloon.
Wild Horses, GEORGIA
Georgia has no coastline, only barrier islands. Cumberland Island remains a natural reserve along America’s National Seashores. It’s only accessible via boat, but once you’re on the island you can bicycle or walk to see the herds of wild horses, enjoy a day at the beach or wander around the ruins of the Dungeness Mansion.
Jungle Ridgeline, HAWAII
This jungle trail in Oahu goes deep into the lush where sunlight is scarce but adventure is not. Streams, animals and waterfalls surround you on your journey to the top of the crater (火山口). Leave time to jump into one of the pools for a swim, and enjoy the view from the Ka’au volcanic vent in peace.
Maritime Microclimate, NEW ZEALAND
Touring the 144 islands of this subtropical microclimate via sea allows visitors to enjoy themselves in the region’s history and natural beauty. Conservation areas, a maritime playground complete with penguins, dolphins and whales and rainforests are a welcome escape from daily lives.
1. In which destination can you get a bird’s-eye view
A. Jungle Ridgeline. B. Maritime Microclimate.
C. Wild Horses D. Big Five Bucket List.
2. What do the four travel destinations have in common
A. Visitors can appreciate animals. B. Visitors can enjoy water sports.
C. They are all along the coastline. D. They are located in the national park.
3. What type of writing is this text
A. A guide to adventurous travel plans.
B. A proposal for wildlife reserve protection.
C An introduction to immersive scenic spots.
D. A report of popular travel destinations.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个让人可以沉浸式地欣赏自然的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA中“Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. Or experience the wonder from the air via hot air balloon. (通过阳台景观，游客可以近距离观看动物，如非洲五霸：狮子、豹子、水牛、大象和犀牛。或者乘坐热气球从空中体验这一奇观。)”可知，在这一目地你可以鸟瞰景观。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA中“Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. (通过阳台景观，游客可以近距离观看动物，如非洲五霸：狮子、豹子、水牛、大象和犀牛。)”、Wild Horses, GEORGIA中“It’s only accessible via boat, but once you’re on the island you can bicycle or walk to see the herds of wild horses, enjoy a day at the beach or wander around the ruins of the Dungeness Mansion. (它只能乘船到达，但一旦你到了岛上，你可以骑自行车或步行去看野马群，在海滩上享受一天的时光，或者在邓杰内斯公馆的废墟周围闲逛。)”、Jungle Ridgeline, HAWAII中“Streams, animals and waterfalls surround you on your journey to the top of the crater (火山口). (在你到达火山口顶部的旅程中，溪流、动物和瀑布环绕着你。)”和Maritime Microclimate, NEW ZEALAND中“Conservation areas, a maritime playground complete with penguins, dolphins and whales and rainforests are a welcome escape from daily lives. (保护区、有企鹅、海豚和鲸鱼的海上游乐场以及热带雨林是人们逃离日常生活的好去处。)”可知，在这四个目的地游客都可以欣赏动物。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The natural world is all around us, but sometimes it requires taking a step back from our daily lives to truly appreciate it. The escapes on this list allow you to gain some perspective and make you immersed in the landscapes. (大自然就在我们身边，但有时需要从日常生活中退后一步才能真正欣赏它。这张清单上的度假地可以让你换个角度看问题，让你沉浸在风景中。)”可知，文章是在介绍四个让人可以从日常生活中抽离，沉浸式地欣赏自然的旅游景点。因此，文章属于介绍沉浸式景点的文本。故选C项。
B
A former starchitect (明星建筑师) who designed villas for Pakistan’s celebrities now rebuilds villages completely destroyed by natural disasters.
October 2005, a catastrophic earthquake claiming some 79, 000 people in Pakistan reduced the villages to ruins in mud. Yasmeen Lari, a then-65-year-old architect was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad, she started drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes.
Over the following decades, Lari designed various houses and devices inside. Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime (石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. Bamboo homes on stilts (柱子) allow water to flow through, while cross-bracing (交叉支撑) provides strength and flexibility during earthquakes. Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet.
This sustainable inspiration has fuelled many of Lari’s designs, which now include household innovations. For instance, more than 80, 000 of her well-received limecrete and smokeless cookstoves were built. The device, which won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018, costs about E8 to make and is fuelled with agricultural waste. The stoves stand higher than flood levels, making them safer than smoky, open cooking fires on the ground.
Now at age 83, Lari is still fizzing with ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.
4. Which can best describe Yasmeen Lari
A. Insistent and conventional. B. Productive and stubborn.
C. Innovative and committed. D. Economical and academic.
5. What is an advantage of Lari’s shelters
A. They accommodate homeless villagers. B. They are all made of local materials.
C. They follow traditional designs. D. They are resistant to earthquakes.
6. What do we know about the stove Lari designed
A. It costs a lot. B. It generates smoke.
C. It gains popularity. D. It burns animal waste.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. From architect to humanitarian B. The greatest architect ever
C. Rebuilding destroyed villages D. Designing household devices
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述建筑师亚丝明·拉里（Yasmeen Lari）研究零碳设计、技能建设和自给自足的村庄，并且对世界的可持续发展做出了很大的贡献。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Over the following decades, Lari designed various houses and devices inside. Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime(石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. Bamboo homes on stilts (柱子) allow water to flow through, while cross-bracing(交叉支撑) provides strength and flexibility during earthquakes. Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. (在接下来的几十年里，拉里设计了各种各样的房子和里面的设备。拉里的避难所受到传统设计的启发，采用竹子、泥土和石灰等可持续材料制成，这些材料首先来自当地，可以更好地抵御灾害。高跷上的竹屋可以让水流通过，而交叉支撑在地震期间提供了强度和灵活性。拉里对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。)”可知，拉里在几十年里面一直坚持对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的建筑要求，所以她是一个有创新性又有坚定力做事的人。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime(石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. (拉里的避难所受到传统设计的启发，采用竹子、泥土和石灰等可持续材料制成，这些材料首先来自当地，可以更好地抵御灾害。)”可知，拉里的避难所可以更好地抵御灾害。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“For instance, more than 80, 000 of her well-received limecrete and smokeless cookstoves were built. (例如，她建造了8万多个广受欢迎的石灰混凝土和无烟炉灶。)”可知，拉里建造的无烟炉灶很受欢迎。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A former starchitect(明星建筑师) who designed villas for Pakistan’s celebrities now rebuilds villages completely destroyed by natural disasters. (一位为巴基斯坦名人设计别墅的前明星建筑师现在重建了被自然灾害完全摧毁的村庄。)”，第三段“Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. (拉里对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。)”和最后一段“Now at age 83, Lari is still fizzing with ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages. (现年83岁的拉里仍然对零碳设计、技能建设和自给自足的村庄充满了想法。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述建筑师拉里研究零碳设计、技能建设和自给自足的村庄，并且对世界的可持续发展做出了很大的贡献。所以用A项“From architect to humanitarian”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A。
C
Relatives of starfish, brittle stars (海蛇尾) spend most of their time hiding under rocks in the ocean or digging in the sand. These shy marine creatures have no brain to speak of—just nerve cords running down each of their five wiggly arms, which join to form a nerve ring near their mouth.
“There’s no processing center. Each of the nerve cords can act independently. Instead of a boss, it’s like a committee. That seems to be enough to learn by association,” said lead author Julia Notar. This type of leaning involves associating different stimuli via a process called classical conditioning (条件反射).
Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in a handful of previous studies in starfish. But brittle stars and similarly brainless starfish have not been tested.
To find out if brittle stars have the ability of learning, the researchers put 16 black brittle stars in individual water tanks and used a video camera to record their behavior. Half the brittle stars were trained by dimming the lights for 30 minutes whenever the animals were fed. Every time the lights went out, the researchers would put a bit of shrimp in the tanks, placed just out of reach. The other half got just as much shrimp and also experienced a 30-minute dark period, but never at the same time—the animals were fed under lit conditions.
Whether it was light or dark, the animals spent most of their time hiding behind the filters in their tanks, only coming out at mealtime. But only the trained brittle stars learned to associate darkness with food. They didn’t need to smell or taste the shrimp to react.
Notar said the results are exciting because classical conditioning hasn’t really been shown definitively in this group of animals before. “Knowing that brittle stars can learn means they’re not just robotic scavengers (清道夫) cleaning up the ocean floor,” Notar said. “They’re potentially able to expect and avoid predators (捕食者) or expect food because they’re learning about their environment.”
8. What is paragraph 1 about
A. The living habits of brittle stars. B. The features of a brainless creature.
C. The characteristics of the starfish. D. The definition of classical conditioning.
9. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of experiment design
A. The hiding time in tanks. B. The change of feeding location.
C. The amount of the shrimp. D. Light conditions at mealtime.
10. What does Notar’s research find
A. Brittle stars can be trained to make a connection.
B. Brittle stars can clean up the ocean floor.
C. Brittle stars’ nerve cords can act independently.
D. Brittle stars have a sharp sense of smell.
11. What does the last paragraph indicate
A. Brainless brittle stars can act like robots.
B. Brittle stars might keep away from catchers.
C. Brittle stars are the only ocean floor cleaners.
D. Brittle stars are adaptable to new environment.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海蛇尾这种动物的特征以及经典条件反射在这种动物身上得到明确的证明的过程。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Relatives of starfish, brittle stars (海蛇尾) spend most of their time hiding under rocks in the ocean or digging in the sand. These shy marine creatures have no brain to speak of—just nerve cords running down each of their five wiggly arms, which join to form a nerve ring near their mouth.(海蛇尾是海星的亲戚，它们大部分时间都躲在海洋的岩石下或在沙子里挖洞。这些害羞的海洋生物没有大脑，只有神经索沿着它们弯曲的五只手臂延伸，它们在嘴附近连接起来形成一个神经环。)”可知，第一段主要描述了海蛇尾这种无脑生物的特征。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Half the brittle stars were trained by dimming the lights for 30 minutes whenever the animals were fed. Every time the lights went out, the researchers would put a bit of shrimp in the tanks, placed just out of reach. The other half got just as much shrimp and also experienced a 30-minute dark period, but never at the same time—the animals were fed under lit conditions.(一半的海蛇尾接受了训练，每次喂食时将灯光调暗30分钟。每次灯光熄灭时，研究人员就会在水箱里放一点虾，放在它们够不着的地方。另一半海蛇尾吃了同样多的虾，也经历了30分钟的黑暗期，但从来没有在同一时间——这些动物是在有光的条件下喂食的。)”可知，在实验设计中，两组在喂食时的光线条件方面不同。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But only the trained brittle stars learned to associate darkness with food. They didn’t need to smell or taste the shrimp to react.(但只有经过训练的海蛇尾学会了将黑暗与食物联系起来。他们不需要闻或尝虾就能做出反应。)”可知，Notar的研究发现海蛇尾可以通过训练建立联系。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““They’re potentially able to expect and avoid predators (捕食者) or expect food because they’re learning about their environment.”(“它们有可能预料到并避开捕食者，或者期待食物，因为它们正在了解自己的环境。”)”可推知，海蛇尾可能会远离捕获者。故选B。
D
The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012, Joel Sartore, the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The songbird, an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland, was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts, it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The story appeared in outlets, such as newspapers, magazines and even the Internet, helping boost government funding for a breeding program. Thanks to these steps, there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
Like other examples of species survival, the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation,” says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species: research, narratives, partnerships, resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years, we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model, combining science, exploration, education, and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries, including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue: biologist André Green II, photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years. Portraits of more than 15, 000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the society’s support, the images have appeared on landmarks and U. S. postage stamps, prompting on—the—ground conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark.
As Sartore says, “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species, we’re actually saving ourselves.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By clarifying a concept. B. By offering an example.
C. By giving an explanation. D. By quoting a remark.
13. Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in paragraph 2
A. Stores. B. Media. C. Exits. D. Books
14. What contributes to the sparrow’s survival
A. A funding program from the government.
B. An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C. A unique initiative for species protection.
D. A joint effort from different professionals.
15. What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph
A. The urgency of species’ protection.
B. The promotion of cooperative methods.
C. The importance of coexistence.
D. The situation of human survival.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍在各方人士的共同努力下来拯救美国鸟类的事情，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012, Joel Sartore, the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The songbird, an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland, was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts, it was among North America’s most endangered bird species. (佛罗里达州蚱蜢麻雀的歌声不同寻常，令人惊讶地像昆虫。但它几乎永远沉默了。2012年，国家地理探险家和摄影方舟的创始人Joel Sartore接到了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局的电话：这种鸣禽是佛罗里达州干旱草原上的一个重要生态环节，正处于灭绝的边缘。由于只有几十只雄性出现，它是北美最濒危的鸟类之一。)”可知，这里利用具体的例子来说明北美鸟类的濒危情况。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“The story appeared in outlets, such as newspapers, magazines and even the Internet, helping boost government funding for a breeding program. (这个故事出现在报纸、杂志甚至互联网等上，有助于增加政府对育种项目的资助。)”可知，这里的outlet包括报纸、杂志甚至互联网等谋体，所以outlet的意思应该是“媒体”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Like other examples of species survival, the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation,” says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species: research, narratives, partnerships, resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years, we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model, combining science, exploration, education, and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries, including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue: biologist André Green II, photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma. (Sartore说，与其他物种生存的例子一样，拯救麻雀的努力是“一个关于信仰与合作的非凡故事”。它还展示了保护濒危物种需要什么：研究、叙述、伙伴关系、资源和时间。这段旅程展示了社会展现和保护世界奇迹的使命。在过去的136年里，我们开发了一种独特的探索者主导的模式，将科学、探索、教育和讲故事相结合，以推动影响力。我们支持140多个国家的Explorer，包括Sartore和其他作品出现在本期中的人：生物学家AndréGreen II、摄影师Lynsey Addario和教育倡导者Ara Kusuma。)”可知，拯救麻雀是各领域专业人士共同努力的结果。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Sartore says, “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species, we’re actually saving ourselves.” (正如Sartore所说，“鸟的声音就是一个健康星球的声音。当我们拯救一只鸟或另一个物种时，我们实际上是在拯救自己。”)”可知，Sartore认为，鸟类和人类息息相关，强调了人与鸟类共存的重要性。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. ____16____
It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products, bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. ____17____ For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil.
As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. ____18____ When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes. ____19____ And what can we do with it
As far as cooking emissions are concerned, no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. ____20____ For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides, opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A. In the long run, these changes lead to cancer.
B. They might also arise from cooking at home.
C. A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D. Therefore, what results from indoor air pollution
E. However, most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F. So, what are the main contributors to poor air quality
G. But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内空气污染的原因以及建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution.(许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因)”可知，上文提到许多研究人员已经研究了室内空气污染的原因，故本句主要引出后文空气质量差的原因。故F选项“那么，空气质量差的主要原因是什么？”符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文“For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil.(例如，烹饪会产生很多有害排放物，比如在油中煎肉)”可知，烹饪也会导致室内空气质量差。故B选项“也可能是由于在家做饭引起的”符合语境，故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants.(丹麦的一项研究强调，烹饪，尤其是烘焙会损害我们的身体。烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物)”以及后文“When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes.(当暴露在烹饪排放物中时，人们实际上有DNA损伤。它可能与触发致癌基因变化的细胞修复过程有关)”可知，上文提到了烧烤晚餐含有许多潜在的有害污染物，可推测本句是在说明人们对这一问题的态度。故E选项“然而，我们大多数人都忽视了它们的不良影响”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes.(当暴露在烹饪排放物中时，人们实际上有DNA损伤。它可能与触发致癌基因变化的细胞修复过程有关)”可知，本句总结上文，指出长期接触烹饪排放物可能会致癌。故A选项“从长远来看，这些变化会导致癌症。”符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据后文“For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta.(例如，在含有大量脂肪的高温下烹饪肉类比煮意大利面产生更多的有害排放物)”可知，后文的例子表明，改变烹饪方式可以减少有害排放物的产生。故G选项“但是我们可以改变烹饪方式来解决排放问题”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My parents have a boxer dog called Boris which is as badly behaved as his name might suggest. He is known to ____21____ on a chair at the kitchen table expecting full ____22____. Whenever the dishwasher is being stacked, he likes to add a personal prewash to the ____23____.
Even my mother might ____24____ that Boris is the worst-behaved dog she has ever had, but on the plus side, he is very ____25____.
The sofas and chairs in their sitting room are covered in books-not because my parents love to read, but in an attempt to ____26____ the dog climbing on the furniture. ____27____, any human who wants to sit on a sofa has to ____28____ a library of books. I’ve suggested a removable cover would be more attractive, or training, but it’s too late for that.
The story between my parents and Boris is repeated across our community. Usually, our gang of dogs gathered almost daily, ____29____ did we. A group of folks of different ages, backgrounds and interests—all ____30____ by our dogs. Friends are therefore made through dogs, creating a ____31____ that lasts far beyond the lifespan of our canine(犬的)family. Sunny, Jess and Archie have all ____32____ now, but the friendship between us humans remains.
I have met so many people whose daily ____33____ with their group of dog have been their mainstay and helped them deal with ____34____. They are medicine for the____35____. Dogs are actually man’s best friends.
21. A. get up B. come up C. put up D. sit up
22. A. love B. food C. service D. massage
23. A. plates B. meals C. meats D. vegetables
24. A. complain B. worry C. explain D. conclude
25. A. greedy B. naughty C. lovely D. proud
26. A. observe B. prevent C. notice D. keep
27. A. Fortunately B. Naturally C. Incredibly D. Consequently
28. A. deliver B. rearrange C. carry D. equip
29. A. as B. or C. nor D. also
30. A. provided B. supported C. united D. surrounded
31. A. barrier B. bond C. border D. belief
32. A. gone B. grown C. slept D. cloned
33. A. run B. housework C. dialogues D. walks
34. A. difficulties B. loneliness C. relationships D. troubles
35. A. body B. diseases C. soul D. sufferings
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者家调皮的狗延伸到人们因为狗交了朋友，指出狗可以缓解孤独，是心灵的良好，人类最好的朋友。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：大家都知道他总是坐在餐桌旁的椅子上，期待得到周到的服务。A. get up起床；B. come up接近；C. put up张贴；D. sit up坐起来，坐的笔直。根据上文“My parents have a boxer dog called Boris which is as badly behaved as his name might suggest.(我父母有一只叫鲍里斯的拳师犬，它的行为就像它的名字所暗示的那样糟糕)”可知，指这只狗坐在餐桌旁的椅子上，应用sit up。故选D。
22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大家都知道他总是坐在餐桌旁的椅子上，期待得到周到的服务。A. love爱；B. food食物；C. service服务；D. massage按摩。根据上文“on a chair at the kitchen table expecting full”可知，狗坐在餐桌旁，是在期待也得到别人的“服务”，即拿东西给他吃。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当洗碗机被堆满盘子时，他喜欢在盘子上加一个“私人预洗”。A. plates盘子；B. meals餐食；C. meats肉；D. vegetables蔬菜。根据上文“the dishwasher is being stacked”提到了洗碗机，可知狗会舔里面堆起来的盘子，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就连我母亲都可能会抱怨鲍里斯是她养过的最不乖的狗，但从好的方面来说，它非常可爱。A. complain抱怨；B. worry担心；C. explain解释；D. conclude下结论。根据后文“Boris is the worst-behaved dog she has ever had”指母亲抱怨狗不乖。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就连我母亲都可能会抱怨鲍里斯是她养过的最不乖的狗，但从好的方面来说，它非常可爱。A. greedy贪婪的；B. naughty淘气的；C. lovely可爱的；D. proud骄傲的。根据“but on the plus side, he is very”可知，本句是在说明狗好的方面，故lovely形容狗最符合。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们客厅的沙发和椅子上都堆满了书——不是因为我父母喜欢读书，而是为了防止狗爬上家具。A. observe观察；B. prevent阻止；C. notice通知；D. keep保持。根据后文“the dog climbing on the furniture”推知，堆满书是为了阻止狗爬上家具。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，任何想要坐在沙发上的人都必须重新整理一丛书。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Incredibly难以置信地；D. Consequently结果。上文提到客厅的沙发和椅子上都堆满了书，因此，任何想要坐在沙发上的人都必须重新整理一丛书。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，任何想要坐在沙发上的人都必须重新整理一丛书。A. deliver递送；B. rearrange重新安排；C. carry搬运；D. equip装备。根据上文“The sofas and chairs in their sitting room are covered in books”可知，客厅的沙发和椅子上都堆满了书，因此，任何想要坐在沙发上的人都必须重新整理一丛书。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们的这群狗几乎每天都聚在一起，我们也一样。A. as正如；B. or或者；C. nor也不；D. also也。根据上文“our gang of dogs gathered almost daily”以及后文did we，此处此处为句型as+助动词+主语，表示“某人也是”。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群不同年龄、背景和兴趣的人——都被我们的狗团结在一起。A. provided提供；B. supported支持；C. united团结；D. surrounded围绕。根据上文“A group of folks of different ages, backgrounds and interests”提到了他们的不同，所以他们是被狗团结在了一起。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，朋友是通过狗来结交的，这种联系远远超过了我们犬类家庭的寿命。A. barrier障碍；B. bond联系；C. border边界；D. belief信念。根据上文“Friends are therefore made through dogs”可知，他们通过狗交了朋友，即产生了联系。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：桑尼，杰西和阿奇现在都去世了，但我们人类之间的友谊仍然存在。A. gone去世，离开；B. grown生长；C. slept睡觉；D. cloned克隆。根据上文“beyond the lifespan of our canine family”提到了人类的联系比狗的寿命更长，说明有的狗已经去世了，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到过很多人，他们每天和一群狗一起散步已经成为他们的支柱，帮助他们应对孤独。A. run奔跑；B. housework家务；C. dialogues独白；D. walks散步。根据后文“with their group of dog”并结合常识可知，此处是指带着狗散步，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到过很多人，他们每天和一群狗一起散步已经成为他们的支柱，帮助他们应对孤独。A. difficulties困难；B. loneliness孤独；C. relationships关系；D. troubles麻烦。根据上文“with their group of dog have been their mainstay”可知，有狗的陪伴可以应对孤独。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是心灵的良药。A. body身体；B. diseases疾病；C. soul灵魂，心灵；D. sufferings苦难。根据后文“Dogs are actually man’s best friends.(狗实际上是人类最好的朋友)”以及上文提到狗可以帮助人们应对孤独可知，狗是心灵的良药。故选C。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission. Since then, China, the third nation in the world capable ____36____ independently conducting manned space missions has carried out 12 crewed flights.
“Our manned space program has been developed rapidly. The scientists and engineers successfully completed each step we ____37____(plan) for the program. ”Yang, now a senior official of the manned space program, told that he felt very glad to see the nation’s ____38____(achieve) in space.
In August 1992, a special committee ____39____(comprise) of high-ranking leaders decided that China would assemble a space station in the coming decades. The plan was approved in September that year. ____40____ marked the start of the nation’s manned space program. To meet the ____41____(ambition) goal, scientists made specific plans and took a systematic approach, ____42____(advance) patiently from simple, multi-day flights to complicated and month-long missions.
Initially, Chinese researchers came across the problem ____43____ it was difficult to design a new-generation crewed spacecraft. Thankfully, they completed the Tiangong space station last year, ____44____ laid the foundation for the nation’s first prospective manned expedition to the moon around 2030. Having orbited Earth about 400 kilometers, Tiangong _____45_____(expect) to operate for at least 10 years as a national space-based laboratory.
【答案】36. of 37. had planned
38. achievements
prised
40. It 41. ambitious
42. advancing
43. that 44. which
45. is expected
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国作为世界上第三个能够独立执行载人航天任务的国家。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：自那时以来，中国作为世界上第三个能够独立执行载人航天任务的国家，已经进行了12次载人飞行。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be capable of doing，意为“能够做某事”。故填of。
【37题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：“我们的载人航天工程发展很快。科学家和工程师们成功地完成了我们计划的每一步。”杨现在是载人航天工程的高级官员，他说他很高兴看到国家在太空方面取得的成就。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句we ____2____(plan) for the program的谓语动词，从句谓语动词plan发生在主句谓语动词completed之前，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故填had planned。
【38题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：见第2题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词形式achievement，作宾语，是可数名词，用复数形式，表示泛指。故填achievements。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1992年8月，一个由高级领导人组成的特别委员会决定，中国将在未来几十年内建造一个空间站。根据句子结构和意思可知，动词comprise和被修饰的名词committee是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填comprised。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：它标志着国家载人航天计划的开始。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里要用代词it，指代上文提到的名词The plan，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为了实现这一宏伟目标，科学家们制定了具体的计划，并采取了系统的方法，耐心地从简单的多日飞行推进到复杂的长达一个月的任务。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里要用形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词goal。故填ambitious。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据句子结构和意思可知，动词advance是整个主句伴随的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填advancing。
【43题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：最初，中国研究人员遇到了新一代载人航天器难以设计的问题。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：值得庆幸的是，他们去年完成了天宫空间站，为2030年左右中国首次载人登月奠定了基础。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：天宫环绕地球运行约400公里，预计将作为国家天基实验室运行至少10年。根据句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语动词expect和句子主语Tiangong是动宾关系，用一般现在时的被动语态结构，be动词用is。故填is expected。
第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 近日, 中国的传统节日春节被确定为联合国假日。请你为广播站写一篇面向全校师生的英文发言稿, 分享这个好消息。内容包括：
1. 告知消息内容；
2. 说明它的意义；
3. 表达你的感想。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 涵盖要点, 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名；
4. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
I’m delighted to share with you some great news now.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your listening.
【答案】Dear teachers and fellow students,
I’m delighted to share with you some great news now. The United Nations has just declared the Spring Festival as an official holiday!
This is a significant milestone for Chinese culture and heritage. Not only does it symbolize the global influence of Chinese culture, but it also marks a further step towards fostering our cultural confidence. Therefore, the Spring Festival, which serves as a bridge between cultures, will play a critical role in promoting cultural exchanges, enhancing the richness and diversity of global cultures.
Personally, I am thrilled and proud. Let’s join hands to carry forward our traditional cultures.
Thanks for listening.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为广播站写一篇面向全校师生的英文发言稿，分享 中国的传统节日春节被确定为联合国假日这个好消息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
宣布：declare → announce
重要的：significant→ vital/essential
多样性：diversity → variety
就我个人而言：Personally→ As far as I’m concerned
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This is a significant milestone for Chinese culture and heritage
拓展句：This is a milestone for Chinese culture and heritage which is of significance.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only does it symbolize the global influence of Chinese culture, but it also marks a further step towards fostering our cultural confidence. （运用了倒装句）
【高分句型2】Therefore, the Spring Festival, which serves as a bridge between cultures, will play a critical role in promoting cultural exchanges, enhancing the richness and diversity of global cultures.（运用了非限制性定语从句和现在分词作状语）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my job to watch my younger brother, Jack, and sister, Kelly, as we walked home from school.
“I’m tired,” Kelly whined “and hungry.” “Me too,” added Jack So we stopped to rest. “What do you think Mama is cooking ” I asked. “Noodles!” Kelly said. “Barbecue!” said Jack “Come on.” I stood up. “We need to keep walking.”
At a busy corner I noticed a street banner, reading “First Walking Race to Jasan Park! Climb the Mountain to Win a Washing Machine.”
It might be fun to race. But could I walk fast enough to win
At home, Mama was working in the kitchen. We had only a single burner stove, so it often took ages to prepare a meal. Sometimes when father came back from work, Mama was still cooking with the single burner stove.
Afterward, Mama and I washed dishes. When Mama pulled out two metal laundry tubs, her smile disappeared. I knew doing laundry hurt Mama’s back and knees. Mama heated a kettle of water on the single burner stove and filled a tub. She filled the other with cold water. Then kneeling, Mama began scrubbing shirts.
Then we carried the wet laundry to the flat roof, where Mama hung it to dry. On roof tops all over the city, clothes and towels danced in the wind. I loved being on the roof with Mama, but I wished we hadn’t had so much housework. Then I would have had more time to play with friends.
How I wish we would have a washing machine! Both Mama and I would be happy.
I remembered the banner and told Mama about it. Mama sighed, ”Maria, many people will enter that race. You can not expect to win.”
On the race day, I woke up early. I laced up my shoes and put on a head band. Mama kissed the top of my head. “Be careful and be safe. Just keep walking!” Mama said.
At the foot of the mountain, large crowds of people gathered.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then the race began.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the big cardboard box aside, I rang the doorbell of our house.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Then the race began. As if a wave of enthusiasm had swept through the crowd, participants surged forward. I raced along, my heart pounding with expectations. With each step, I imagined the convenience a washing machine would bring to our daily lives. The thought of making Mama’s chores easier fueled my determination to persevere. The crowd cheered as I reached the finish line. I had made it! Laughing from ear to ear, I received a big cardboard box.
With the big cardboard box aside, I rang the doorbell of our house. Mama opened the door, her eyes widening in surprise. I couldn’t contain my excitement as I explained the whole story. Mama’s smile returned, and the burdensome routine of scrubbing shirts on her knees would become a distant memory. “Your words of ‘Keep walking’ encouraged me to go on.” I told Mama sincerely. Mama’s eyes were bright with a mix of joy and pride. Father, Jack and Kelly joining us, we shared a moment of triumph that went beyond the race itself. The washing machine, standing quietly in the corner, symbolized not just a prize but also the determination.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者某天看到一个比赛的奖品是一台洗衣机，于是决定参加比赛。比赛中，作者想象着洗衣机给日常生活带来的便利，以及能让妈妈的家务轻松些，就下定决心坚持下去，最终赢得了洗衣机。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后比赛开始了”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛时的想法和比赛获胜的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“我把大纸板箱放在一边，按了按我家的门铃”可知，第二段可描写作者一家收到洗衣机时的反应和作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：比赛开始——作者坚持——作者获胜——收到洗衣机——全家高兴——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①到达：reach/arrive at
②坚持：persevere/stick to
③解释：explain/illustrate
情绪类
①激动：excitement/thrill
②快乐：joy/happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] The crowd cheered as I reached the finish line. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] The washing machine, standing quietly in the corner, symbolized not just a prize but also the determination. (运用了现在分词作状语)
听力答案：1-5 BACCB 6-10 CACBC 11-15 ABAAB 16-20 AABAC2023~2024学年度第一学期期末抽测
高二年级英语试题
说明：1. 本试卷共10页, 满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 在答题纸的密封线内填写学校、班级、姓名、考号等, 密封线内不要答题。
3. 请将所有答案均按照题号填涂或填写在答题卡/纸相应的答题处, 否则不得分。
第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每 段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which part of the house has been repaired
A. The walls B. The roof. C. The doors.
2. What’s the relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Librarian and student.
3. What time is it
A. 9:10. B. 9:00. C. 8:50.
4. What problem does the woman have
A. She can’t read messages.
B. She can’t fall asleep at night.
C. She is addicted to her phone.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The woman’s colleagues. B. The man’s hairstyle. C. Their age
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. At school. B. At a shop C. At home
7. What will the boy do next
A. Check his bike B. Buy a pen C. Review his notes.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。
8. Why is the man surprised by the meal
A. It was very hot B. It tasted very good. C. It was very expensive
9. How many times has the woman been to Italy
A. One. B. Two C. Six.
10. What are the speakers going to do next
A. Travel somewhere else. B. Book tickets to Italy. C. Have a chat over a drink
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. Where are the speakers going now
A. To a hotel. B. To a park. C. To a museum.
12. What do we know about the speakers
A. They are strangers. B. They are tourists. C. They are locals.
13 How does the woman feel
A. Tired. B. Upset. C. Hungry.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。
14. Why is the new sofa so cheap
A. The back has a small hole.
B. All the legs are weak.
C. It is very dirty.
15. What color is the wall
A. Green B. Yellow. C. White.
16. What does the man say about the woman
A. She is not very neat.
B. She doesn’t like the color white.
C. She often finds things at low prices.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. What is the purpose of the experiment
A. To reduce the spread of disease.
B. To kill all male mosquitoes.
C To learn more about mosquitoes.
18. What are the environmental groups worried about
A. Too many mosquitoes will die.
B. Mosquitoes may start to resist chemicals.
C. New chemicals will harm the environment.
19. What is known about mosquitoes
A. Only females bite humans.
B. Males also need human blood.
C. Females feed only on plants.
20. What could benefit most from the experiment
A. The environment. B. The economy. C. Human health.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第 一 节(共15小题;每小题2 . 5分, 满分37 . 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The natural world is all around us, but sometimes it requires taking a step back from our daily lives to truly appreciate it. The escapes on this list allow you to gain some perspective and make you immersed in the landscapes.
Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA
As one of the world’s most precious animal reserves, the Four Seasons Safari Lodge invites guests to put down their phones and refresh their mind. Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. Or experience the wonder from the air via hot air balloon.
Wild Horses, GEORGIA
Georgia has no coastline, only barrier islands. Cumberland Island remains a natural reserve along America’s National Seashores. It’s only accessible via boat, but once you’re on the island you can bicycle or walk to see the herds of wild horses, enjoy a day at the beach or wander around the ruins of the Dungeness Mansion.
Jungle Ridgeline, HAWAII
This jungle trail in Oahu goes deep into the lush where sunlight is scarce but adventure is not. Streams, animals and waterfalls surround you on your journey to the top of the crater (火山口). Leave time to jump into one of the pools for a swim, and enjoy the view from the Ka’au volcanic vent in peace.
Maritime Microclimate, NEW ZEALAND
Touring the 144 islands of this subtropical microclimate via sea allows visitors to enjoy themselves in the region’s history and natural beauty. Conservation areas a maritime playground complete with penguins, dolphins and whales and rainforests are a welcome escape from daily lives.
1. In which destination can you get a bird’s-eye view
A. Jungle Ridgeline. B. Maritime Microclimate.
C. Wild Horses D. Big Five Bucket List.
2. What do the four travel destinations have in common
A. Visitors can appreciate animals. B. Visitors can enjoy water sports.
C. They are all along the coastline. D. They are located in the national park.
3. What type of writing is this text
A. A guide to adventurous travel plans.
B. A proposal for wildlife reserve protection.
C. An introduction to immersive scenic spots.
D. A report of popular travel destinations.
B
A former starchitect (明星建筑师) who designed villas for Pakistan’s celebrities now rebuilds villages completely destroyed by natural disasters.
October 2005, a catastrophic earthquake claiming some 79, 000 people in Pakistan reduced the villages to ruins in mud. Yasmeen Lari, a then-65-year-old architect was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad, she started drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes.
Over the following decades, Lari designed various houses and devices inside. Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime (石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. Bamboo homes on stilts (柱子) allow water to flow through, while cross-bracing (交叉支撑) provides strength and flexibility during earthquakes. Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet.
This sustainable inspiration has fuelled many of Lari’s designs, which now include household innovations. For instance, more than 80, 000 of her well-received limecrete and smokeless cookstoves were built. The device, which won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018, costs about E8 to make and is fuelled with agricultural waste. The stoves stand higher than flood levels, making them safer than smoky, open cooking fires on the ground.
Now at age 83, Lari is still fizzing with ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.
4. Which can best describe Yasmeen Lari
A. Insistent and conventional. B. Productive and stubborn.
C. Innovative and committed. D. Economical and academic.
5. What is an advantage of Lari’s shelters
A. They accommodate homeless villagers. B. They are all made of local materials.
C. They follow traditional designs. D. They are resistant to earthquakes.
6. What do we know about the stove Lari designed
A. It costs a lot. B. It generates smoke.
C. It gains popularity. D. It burns animal waste.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. From architect to humanitarian B. The greatest architect ever
C. Rebuilding destroyed villages D. Designing household devices
C
Relatives of starfish, brittle stars (海蛇尾) spend most of their time hiding under rocks in the ocean or digging in the sand. These shy marine creatures have no brain to speak of—just nerve cords running down each of their five wiggly arms, which join to form a nerve ring near their mouth.
“There’s no processing center. Each of the nerve cords can act independently. Instead of a boss, it’s like a committee. That seems to be enough to learn by association,” said lead author Julia Notar. This type of leaning involves associating different stimuli via a process called classical conditioning (条件反射).
Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in a handful of previous studies in starfish. But brittle stars and similarly brainless starfish have not been tested.
To find out if brittle stars have the ability of learning, the researchers put 16 black brittle stars in individual water tanks and used a video camera to record their behavior. Half the brittle stars were trained by dimming the lights for 30 minutes whenever the animals were fed. Every time the lights went out, the researchers would put a bit of shrimp in the tanks, placed just out of reach. The other half got just as much shrimp and also experienced a 30-minute dark period, but never at the same time—the animals were fed under lit conditions.
Whether it was light or dark, the animals spent most of their time hiding behind the filters in their tanks, only coming out at mealtime. But only the trained brittle stars learned to associate darkness with food. They didn’t need to smell or taste the shrimp to react.
Notar said the results are exciting because classical conditioning hasn’t really been shown definitively in this group of animals before. “Knowing that brittle stars can learn means they’re not just robotic scavengers (清道夫) cleaning up the ocean floor,” Notar said. “They’re potentially able to expect and avoid predators (捕食者) or expect food because they’re learning about their environment.”
8. What is paragraph 1 about
A. The living habits of brittle stars. B. The features of a brainless creature.
C. The characteristics of the starfish. D. The definition of classical conditioning.
9. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of experiment design
A. The hiding time in tanks. B. The change of feeding location.
C. The amount of the shrimp. D. Light conditions at mealtime.
10. What does Notar’s research find
A. Brittle stars can be trained to make a connection.
B. Brittle stars can clean up the ocean floor.
C. Brittle stars’ nerve cords can act independently.
D. Brittle stars have a sharp sense of smell.
11. What does the last paragraph indicate
A. Brainless brittle stars can act like robots.
B. Brittle stars might keep away from catchers.
C. Brittle stars are the only ocean floor cleaners.
D. Brittle stars are adaptable to new environment.
D
The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012, Joel Sartore, the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The songbird, an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland, was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts, it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The story appeared in outlets, such as newspapers, magazines and even the Internet, helping boost government funding for a breeding program. Thanks to these steps, there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
Like other examples of species survival, the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation,” says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species: research, narratives, partnerships, resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years, we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model, combining science, exploration, education, and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries, including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue: biologist André Green II, photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years. Portraits of more than 15, 000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the society’s support, the images have appeared on landmarks and U. S. postage stamps, prompting on—the—ground conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark.
As Sartore says, “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species, we’re actually saving ourselves.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By clarifying a concept. B. By offering an example.
C. By giving an explanation. D. By quoting a remark.
13. Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in paragraph 2
A Stores. B. Media. C. Exits. D. Books
14. What contributes to the sparrow’s survival
A. A funding program from the government.
B. An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C. A unique initiative for species protection.
D. A joint effort from different professionals.
15. What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph
A. The urgency of species’ protection.
B. The promotion of cooperative methods.
C. The importance of coexistence.
D. The situation of human survival.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution. ____16____
It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products, bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals. ____17____ For instance, cooking generates a lot of harmful emissions, like frying meat in oil.
As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants. ____18____ When exposed to cooking emissions, people actually had DNA damage. It can be associated with cell repair processes that trigger cancer—causing genetic changes. ____19____ And what can we do with it
As far as cooking emissions are concerned, no one is suggesting switching to takeaways. ____20____ For example, cooking meat at high temperatures with lots of fat produces more harmful emissions than boiling pasta. Besides, opening windows and using cooker hoods are preferable so that we can enjoy the roasted meat without those undesirable effects.
A. In the long run, these changes lead to cancer.
B. They might also arise from cooking at home.
C. A wide range of sources are under investigation.
D. Therefore, what results from indoor air pollution
E. However, most of us have ignored their bad effects.
F. So, what are the main contributors to poor air quality
G. But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions.
第三部分语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My parents have a boxer dog called Boris which is as badly behaved as his name might suggest. He is known to ____21____ on a chair at the kitchen table expecting full ____22____. Whenever the dishwasher is being stacked, he likes to add a personal prewash to the ____23____.
Even my mother might ____24____ that Boris is the worst-behaved dog she has ever had, but on the plus side, he is very ____25____.
The sofas and chairs in their sitting room are covered in books-not because my parents love to read, but in an attempt to ____26____ the dog climbing on the furniture. ____27____, any human who wants to sit on a sofa has to ____28____ a library of books. I’ve suggested a removable cover would be more attractive, or training, but it’s too late for that.
The story between my parents and Boris is repeated across our community. Usually, our gang of dogs gathered almost daily, ____29____ did we. A group of folks of different ages, backgrounds and interests—all ____30____ by our dogs. Friends are therefore made through dogs, creating a ____31____ that lasts far beyond the lifespan of our canine(犬的)family. Sunny, Jess and Archie have all ____32____ now, but the friendship between us humans remains.
I have met so many people whose daily ____33____ with their group of dog have been their mainstay and helped them deal with ____34____. They are medicine for the____35____. Dogs are actually man’s best friends.
21. A. get up B. come up C. put up D. sit up
22. A. love B. food C. service D. massage
23. A. plates B. meals C. meats D. vegetables
24. A. complain B. worry C. explain D. conclude
25. A. greedy B. naughty C. lovely D. proud
26. A. observe B. prevent C. notice D. keep
27. A. Fortunately B. Naturally C. Incredibly D. Consequently
28. A. deliver B. rearrange C. carry D. equip
29. A. as B. or C. nor D. also
30. A. provided B. supported C. united D. surrounded
31. A. barrier B. bond C. border D. belief
32. A. gone B. grown C. slept D. cloned
33. A. run B. housework C. dialogues D. walks
34. A. difficulties B. loneliness C. relationships D. troubles
35. A. body B. diseases C. soul D. sufferings
第二节(共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission. Since then, China, the third nation in the world capable ____36____ independently conducting manned space missions has carried out 12 crewed flights.
“Our manned space program has been developed rapidly. The scientists and engineers successfully completed each step we ____37____(plan) for the program. ”Yang, now a senior official of the manned space program, told that he felt very glad to see the nation’s ____38____(achieve) in space.
In August 1992, a special committee ____39____(comprise) of high-ranking leaders decided that China would assemble a space station in the coming decades. The plan was approved in September that year. ____40____ marked the start of the nation’s manned space program. To meet the ____41____(ambition) goal, scientists made specific plans and took a systematic approach, ____42____(advance) patiently from simple, multi-day flights to complicated and month-long missions.
Initially, Chinese researchers came across the problem ____43____ it was difficult to design a new-generation crewed spacecraft. Thankfully, they completed the Tiangong space station last year, ____44____ laid the foundation for the nation’s first prospective manned expedition to the moon around 2030. Having orbited Earth about 400 kilometers, Tiangong _____45_____(expect) to operate for at least 10 years as a national space-based laboratory.
第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 近日, 中国的传统节日春节被确定为联合国假日。请你为广播站写一篇面向全校师生的英文发言稿, 分享这个好消息。内容包括：
1. 告知消息内容；
2. 说明它的意义；
3. 表达你的感想。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 涵盖要点, 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名；
4. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
I’m delighted to share with you some great news now.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your listening.
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was my job to watch my younger brother, Jack, and sister, Kelly, as we walked home from school.
“I’m tired,” Kelly whined “and hungry.” “Me too,” added Jack So we stopped to rest. “What do you think Mama is cooking ” I asked. “Noodles!” Kelly said. “Barbecue!” said Jack “Come on.” I stood up. “We need to keep walking.”
At a busy corner, I noticed a street banner, reading “First Walking Race to Jasan Park! Climb the Mountain to Win a Washing Machine.”
It might be fun to race But could I walk fast enough to win
At home, Mama was working in the kitchen. We had only a single burner stove, so it often took ages to prepare a meal. Sometimes when father came back from work, Mama was still cooking with the single burner stove.
Afterward, Mama and I washed dishes. When Mama pulled out two metal laundry tubs, her smile disappeared. I knew doing laundry hurt Mama’s back and knees. Mama heated a kettle of water on the single burner stove and filled a tub. She filled the other with cold water. Then kneeling, Mama began scrubbing shirts.
Then we carried the wet laundry to the flat roof, where Mama hung it to dry. On roof tops all over the city, clothes and towels danced in the wind. I loved being on the roof with Mama, but I wished we hadn’t had so much housework. Then I would have had more time to play with friends.
How I wish we would have a washing machine! Both Mama and I would be happy.
I remembered the banner and told Mama about it. Mama sighed, ”Maria, many people will enter that race. You can not expect to win.”
On the race day, I woke up early. I laced up my shoes and put on a head band. Mama kissed the top of my head. “Be careful and be safe. Just keep walking!” Mama said.
At the foot of the mountain, large crowds of people gathered.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then the race began.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the big cardboard box aside, I rang the doorbell of our house.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 BACCB 6-10 CACBC 11-15 ABAAB 16-20 AABAC
