课时分层作业(一)
必修第一册 UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2022·河北省六校第一次联考)
Nobody says school is easy.Studying is difficult，which is memorizing information for a test.Fortunately，there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.
Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley
This book is a bestseller in memory improvement.It has strategies to help you learn faster，become more productive and of course，have a good memory outside the classroom as well.Really，this is a great book for life in general.
On Course by Skip Downing
It is another book worth reading.In its eighth edition，the book provides self assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success.It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility，self management，self awareness，learning and self esteem.
Student's Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L．Turabian
Many students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school.Whether this is the case or not，Student's Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills.It's available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms.Right now，this one is its fourth edition.The book covers writing actual papers，citing sources，and style.
How to Become a Straight A Student by Cal Newport
The book came out in 2006.It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world.The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying.With it you will become smarter.It's available on Kindle and in audio books and paperback forms.
1．What do you know about Unlimited Memory
A．It is written by Kate L．Turabian.
B．It is popular and sells best.
C．It helps to produce more works.
D．It is practical in daily life.
2．What do the last two books have in common
A．They have various forms.
B．They are world famous books.
C．They were published 15 years ago.
D．They mainly focus on improving writing skills.
3．Who are the intended readers
A．Parents. B．Children.
C．Teachers. D．Students.
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2022·开封市二模)
African penguins bear the unfortunate nickname “jackass penguins” because they communicate through donkey like calls，but a new study suggests that their jackass language actually follows the same basic linguistic rules as ours.
In a new study，researchers recorded nearly 600 voices from 28 adult male penguins.The scientists knew from previous research that African penguins talked using three types of sounds，similar to human syllables.But the researchers wanted to know whether those “syllables” followed two common linguistic rules.
One of those rules，called Zipf's law，was presented by linguist George Zipf.It states that the more frequently a word is used in any language，the shorter it tends to be (think of words like “the”，“to” and “of” in English).Previous studies have analyzed more than 1，000 world languages for evidence of Zipf's law，and the rule holds up in all of them.
The other rule，known as the Menzerath Altmann law，says that the longer a word is，the shorter its syllables are，while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllables.A syllable is a word or a part of a word that has only one vowel.For example，“son” has one syllable and “father” has two syllables.According to the law，the word “onomatopoeia” is made up of six very short syllables，while “couch” is made up of one longer one.Earlier studies have shown that non human primates (灵长目动物) follow both these rules when they communicate with each other，but what about jackass penguins？The researchers in the new study found that the songs of the male jackass penguin follow both Zipf's and Menzerath's laws：The shortest calls tended to be the most common，and the longest phrases were made up of the shortest syllables.
This jackass study provided the first non human primate evidence that these common linguistic patterns apply to other species in the animal kingdom.
4．How does Zipf's law explain the words like “big”，“or” and “as”？
A．They let people think of shorter words.
B．They are commonly used and thus short.
C．They are frequently replaced by other words.
D．They have only one meaning and are less important.
5．What does the Menzerath Altmann law show
A．The link between longer words and shorter words.
B．The link between longer syllables and shorter syllables.
C．The link between a word's pronunciation and its vowels.
D．The link between a word's length and its syllables' length.
6．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The limitation of the study.
B．The importance of the study.
C．The development of linguistic patterns.
D．The doubt about animals' language abilities.
7．What can be the best title for this text
A．Humans and Animals Share Similar Sounds
B．Jackass Penguins Make Three Types of Sounds
C．Scientists Have Made a New Discovery about Syllables
D．African Penguins' Talk Follows the Same Rules as Human Speech
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2022·河南省高考适应性测试)
As the daughter of immigrants，Vanida Chanthaphone's primary language at home was Lao.At 5，she learned to speak English.But she didn't know how to read and write — let alone how to fit in at school or communicate with classmates.Mrs Lewis，Chanthaphone's second grade teacher，changed everything.She taught her students that it was OK if they did not know English and that it was all right for them to use words in their home language to explain how they were feeling or thinking.Chanthaphone got more and more confidence and wanted to do what her teacher did in the future.
Now，at 26，Chanthaphone is an English teacher at Fort Worth ISDs William Monnig Middle School.Like Mrs.Lewis，Chanthaphone aims to help her non English speaking students to gain the confidence they need to fulfill their potential in life.
At the beginning of each school year，Chanthaphone recounts her story to her new classes.She tells them she knows what it feels like not to want to participate in class.She reminds them that she once sat in her seat like them and felt different because of her upbringing.But she stresses that's what makes each of them special.
Her students，though，are usually unconvinced.She has to take out photos of her graduating college and tell them about her parents and what her school was like.Then it finally clicks.
In the classroom，Chanthaphone allows students to communicate in whichever way they feel most comfortable.For some，it may be raising their hands and voicing their thoughts.For others，it may be writing their thoughts on a piece of paper and handing it to Chanthaphone.
However，Chanthaphone does encourage her students to go out of their comfort zone.She wants them to work with students they don't know because teamwork and collaboration (协作) with unfamiliar people are important.
“I've always wanted to be the teacher who supports students and advocates them in and outside the classroom，” Chanthaphone said.“When I get notes or see posts on social media from parents talking about previous teachers，including me，I feel like my goal has been completed.”
8．What do we know about Mrs Lewis
A．She is ambitious.
B．She is inspiring.
C．She is knowledgeable.
D．She is demanding.
9．Why does Chanthaphone tell her schooling experience to her new students
A．To make a good beginning of her class.
B．To make herself well known to her students.
C．To encourage her students to be confident.
D．To push the students to voice their thoughts.
10．What does Chanthaphone focus on in class
A．Students' strong curiosity.
B．Students' mental health.
C．Students' unique talent.
D．Students' communicating ability.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．I Was Once Like You
B．You Are the Only One
C．No One Can Say No to You
D．Everything Can Be Possible
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)
The car that I bought just three months ago wouldn't start the other day.The factory battery that __1__ along with it decided that it had worked long enough and __2__ to take an early，permanent retirement.My __3__ neighbor gave me jump leads but the battery stubbornly wouldn't __4__the charge.After getting more jump leads，I __5__ to the local auto parts store to buy a new one.Installing (安装) it was much more __6__ than we thought，so I took it to a local mechanic who finally got the new battery in and the car __7__ once again.
Driving it this morning，though，I __8__ that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard (仪表板) had __9__ gone back to nine years ago，resetting themself to the __10__ time and the date of the first time it was started.While my son smartly figured out how to__11__ it back to today，I thought about all the times I had wished I could go back in time and undo some of the __12__and missteps I had taken in my own life.
Yes，many of my choices brought me __13__in the past，but they have also brought me wisdom for the present.When you __14__your own life，don't regret the roads not taken.Instead，be __15__ with the path you are on，the things you have learned，and the love you have shared.
1．A．came B．waited
C．left D．raced
2．A．planned B．refused
C．chose D．managed
3．A．easy going B．kind hearted
C．hard working D．good tempered
4．A．lead B．take
C．offer D．hold
5．A．welcomed B．headed
C．returned D．got
6．A．complex B．vital
C．efficient D．accurate
7．A．switching B．jumping
C．running D．shaking
8．A．guessed B．remembered
C．expected D．noticed
9．A．suddenly B．slightly
C．casually D．secretly
10．A．final B．original
C．special D．temporary
11．A．bring B．program
C．call D．drive
12．A．attempts B．effects
C．mistakes D．changes
13．A．damage B．pain
C．peace D．convenience
14．A．look at B．come out of
C．focus on D．take control of
15．A．faced B．patient
C．strict D．pleased
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2022·长春市质检一)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．榜样的优秀品质；
2．获得的启示。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．题目已为你写好。
A role model to learn from
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_____________________________________________________________________课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“this is a great book for life in general”可知，这本书在日常生活中很实用，故D项正确。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“It's available...paperback forms.”和尾段尾句“It's available...paperback forms.”可知，最后两本书的共同点是它们都有多种形式的版本，故A项正确。]
3．D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本让学习变得更容易的书，据此可以推断，这些书的目标读者是学生，故D项正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现非洲企鹅的语言和人类的基本语言规则相同，它们也遵循Zipf和Menzerath Altmann定律。
4．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One of those rules...tends to be”可知，一个单词被用得越频繁，它就会越短。故“big”“or”和“as”等简短的词用Zipf定律来解释就是这些词由于被经常使用，因此也短一些，故B项正确。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Menzerath Altmann law...to have longer syllables”可知，Menzerath Altmann定律主要研究了单词长度和音节长度之间的联系，故D项正确。]
6．B [段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“provided the first non human primate evidence”可知，本段主要讲述了本次研究提供了第一份非人灵长目动物证据，证明这些常见的语言模式也适用于动物王国中的其他物种。故最后一段讲述的是本次研究的重要性，故B项正确。]
7．D [标题归纳题。本文讲述了一项新的研究结果。根据第一段中的“a new study...linguistic rules as ours”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲企鹅的语言规则遵循人类的基本语言规则，故D项适合作本文的标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Vanida Chanthaphone讲老挝语，不会用英语阅读和写作。在Lewis老师的鼓励下，她对学习有了信心，后来也成了一名老师。她以Lewis老师为榜样，允许学生以让他们自己感到舒服的任何方式进行交流，并鼓励他们走出舒适圈，与自己不熟悉的人合作。
8．B [推理判断题。根据第一段的最后两句“She taught her students ...did in the future.”可知，Lewis老师鼓励她的学生用母语来表达他们的感受或想法，这使得Chanthaphone对学习英语越来越有信心，并打算在将来也当一句老师。据此可以推知，Lewis老师是鼓舞人心的。]
9．C [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Like Mrs Lewis ...potential in life.”可知，Chanthaphone的目的是帮助那些母语为非英语的学生获得他们在生活中发挥潜能所需要的信心。再结合第三段首句可知，Chanthaphone在课堂上讲述自己的经历旨在鼓励她的学生树立信心。]
10．D [细节理解题。根据第六段尾句“She wants them to work with students they don't know...are important.”可知，Chanthaphone希望他们与不认识的学生合作，因为团队合作和与不熟悉的人协作很重要。据此可知，她很重视课堂上学生的沟通能力。]
11．A [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Chanthaphone不会用英语阅读和写作，在Lewis老师的鼓励下对学习充满信心，最后也成了一名老师，像她的老师那样去鼓励学生要对自己和学习充满信心的故事。据此可知，A项“我曾和你一样”最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者三个月前买的汽车因为电池工作时间太久而无法启动。在换了新电池后，仪表板上的时间回到了车子第一次被启动的时间。作者由此回想起以前的种种，认为不必为曾经未做的事遗憾终身，而要对当前的选择心存喜悦。
1．A [根据常识可知，电池是买汽车时汽车自带的，已经工作了很长时间。come along with“随同，和……一起来”。]
2．C [根据该句中的“to take an early，permanent retirement”可知，这个电池已经用了太久，选择提前退休。C项“选择”。]
3．B [根据该句中的“gave me jump leads”可知，邻居是一位热心肠的人。B项“好心的”，故B项正确。A项“随和的”；C项“勤奋的”；D项“脾气好的”，都与语境不符。]
4．D [根据该句中表转折的连词“but”可知，虽然邻居帮忙了，但是电池还是充不进电。hold表示“保存，存贮”，故D项正确。]
5．B [根据该句中的“to buy a new one”可知，我朝着当地的汽车配件商店走去；head to“朝某地走去”。]
6．A [根据该句中的“so I took it...once again”可知，安装电池远比我想象的要复杂，所以我把它拿到一个当地的机械修理工那里了。A项“复杂的”，故A项正确。]
7．C [根据该句中的“who finally got the new battery in”可知，机械修理工帮助他安装好了电池，据此可以推知，汽车可以再次跑起来。]
8．D [根据该句中的“that the time and the date on the screen in the dashboard”可知，我注意到了仪表板上的时间和日期；D项“看(或听)到；注意到……”，故D项正确。]
9．A [根据常识可知，装新电池后，仪表板上的时间会突然回到车子第一次被启动的时间。A项“突然”，故A项正确。]
10．B [参见上题解析。B项“起初的；最早的；原来的”，故B项正确。]
11．B [根据语境可知，我的儿子聪明地弄清楚了如何将时间设定到今天；B项“设定(机器、系统等的)程序”，故B项正确。]
12．C [根据该句中的“and missteps”可知，空处和“missteps”呼应；结合全句内容可知，我很希望能够回到过去，消除在生活中犯下的一些错误和失误。C项“错误”。]
13．B [根据该句中的“but they have also brought me wisdom for the present”，再结合常识可知，我的许多选择在过去给我带来了痛苦，但它们也给现在带来了智慧。B项“痛苦”，故B项正确。]
14．A [根据该句中的“don't regret the roads not taken”可知，当你审视自己的人生时，不要后悔没有走的路。A项“看；仔细地考虑；浏览”，故A项正确。B项“由……产生”；C项“集中”；D项“控制”，都与语境不符。]
15．D [根据该句中的“Instead”可知，下文与前文构成转折关系，即不要对没有选择的路遗憾，而要对当前的路心存喜悦。D项“高兴；愉快；满意”，故D项正确。]
Ⅲ．[参考范文]
A role model to learn from
A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou，a researcher in medicine，who has a positive influence on my growth.
I read about her winning the Nobel Prize in a magazine.What impressed me most was that she and her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts and evaluated 280，000 plants.Having failed numerous times，they finally succeeded.
I learn from her that only with devotion and persistence can we overcome difficulties and make a contribution to society.
