课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】 俗话说，天下无新事。但令人惊讶的是，并非只有人类发明了疫苗。伊利诺伊大学的Gyan Harwood博士发表的研究证实蜜蜂也像人类一样进行疫苗接种。
1．A [文章出处题。通读文章可知，第一段点明新的研究发现。根据该段中的“The work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first.It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans.”可知，本文主要围绕蜜蜂进行疫苗接种的研究展开，属于科普说明文，最有可能节选自报纸的科技板块，故选A项。]
2．A [推理判断题。第二段首先介绍了2015年的一项发现：蜂王通过向卵中转移抗原来给它们接种疫苗，这些抗原会启动保护性免疫反应。这样的观察结果引发了一个问题：蜂王究竟是如何获得抗原的？这是因为蜂王只靠由工蜂生产的蜂王浆为生，工蜂充当保姆照顾幼蜂。因此，这让Harwood博士想知道工蜂是否在吃花蜜时获得了抗原。Harwood博士的这种思考是基于观察发现和蜂群特点的一种假设，故选A项。]
3．B [推理判断题。文章第三段和第四段详细介绍了验证Harwood博士假设的实验过程：研究人员用糖水代替花蜜喂养工蜂，并在其中三组把糖水和一种会导致蜂群疾病的细菌混合在一起。为了阻止这种感染的发生，Harwood博士和Salmela博士对细菌进行热处理，提前杀死它们。他们还用荧光染料标记死菌，以便追踪。结果表明，病原体进入了工蜂所生产的蜂王浆中。根据实验过程可推知，用糖水代替花蜜是为了追踪蜜蜂抗原的来源，故选B项。]
4．D [标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的研究发现“It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans.”可知，蜜蜂也像人类一样进行疫苗接种。后文则围绕这一研究发现的背景、实验过程以及结论详细介绍。蜜蜂进行疫苗接种呼应文章主旨句，故选D项。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们所吃的食物对气候变化有很大的影响，本文主要阐述了与这一话题相关的几个问题。
1．B [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句问到了“我吃的东西对气候变化有影响吗”，本段内容对这一问题进行了回答和阐述。根据下文中的“种植和收获所有植物、动物和我们吃的动物产品，以及加工、包装和运送食品到世界各地的市场都会产生温室气体”可知，空处讲到的应该是饮食确实对气候变化产生了影响，故B项符合语境。]
2．D [考查段落主旨句。分析文章结构可知，此处是一个疑问句，A和D选项符合这一要求；根据本段讲到的内容“森林让位于农场和牛，大量碳被排放到大气中……化石能源被用于农具和运输”可知，本段应该讲到的是食物对气候造成影响的具体方式，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。]
3．G [考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句问到了“哪种食物产生了最大的影响”，根据下文中的“牛肉产生的排放物的量和汽车、卡车、飞机和船几乎一样多”可知，空处讲到的应该是牛肉等是产生影响最大的食物，所以G项符合语境。]
4．F [考查上下文衔接。根据空前的“种植供人类吃的作物通常比种植供动物吃的作物、然后把这些动物变成人类的食物更有成效”可知，种植用于饲养动物的农作物很耗能，故F项符合语境。]
5．E [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到“常吃肉的人士可以通过吃素食减少与食物相关的碳足迹的三分之一甚至更多”，而空后一句讲到“如果你不想到那个程度，那么仅仅少吃肉和奶制品可以减少(碳)排放”，因此空处讲到的内容应该与减少(碳)排放有关，所以E项符合语境。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，喜欢吃糖实际上是对糖的上瘾。这种习惯严重影响着身体健康。为消除这种影响，一些学校正在用水果等作零食代替含糖甜品。
1．leaving [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用动词 ing形式短语。句意：然后美好的感觉消失了，(其结果是)让我们欲罢不能。]
2．tasty [考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词foods，故用形容词形式。句意：所有美味的食物都能做到这一点，但糖有特别强烈的影响。]
3．are designed [考查动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；主语Our bodies是复数意义，故谓语动词用复数；该句陈述的是一般规律，故用一般现在时。句意：我们的身体天生就能靠少量的糖分生存。]
4．stored [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了“have sth.done”结构；名词energy和store之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作have的宾语补足语。]
5．the [考查冠词。根据空后的定语从句可知，该处表示特指，故用定冠词。句意：所以曾经拯救我们的东西现在可能正在杀死我们。]
6．solution [考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，根据前面的定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。]
7．to [考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。句意：从早餐麦片到餐后甜点，我们的食物中越来越多地充满了它。]
8．that [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词people and organizations，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词引导该定语从句。当有两个先行词，一个指“人”，一个指“物”时，定语从句关系词只能用that。]
9．are growing [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上句中的“are replacing”可知，该句也应用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作。句意：其他学校则正在菜园里种植自己的食物。]
10．facilities [考查名词复数。根据“like walking tracks”并结合常识可知，学校在校园里建诸如跑道等体育设施。体育设施有许多，故用复数形式。]
Ⅳ.【写作思路】
文章大意：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了7岁的Chase Poust和他4岁的妹妹Abigail正在游泳时，急流袭来，哥哥意识到急流很有可能把妹妹冲走，于是哥哥松开船去救妹妹，并对父亲大喊。父亲毫不犹豫地跳下去救他们，父亲让哥哥游上岸寻求救援，但游上岸对7岁的哥哥来说非常困难。
谋篇布局：由续写第一段提示句“An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，anyhow.”可知，一个小时后，Chase最终游上了岸。据此可以推知，续写第一段可描写Chase寻找救援，以及人们得到消息后立即行动的情况。
由续写第二段提示句“Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued.”可知，幸运的是，Steven和Abigail被找到并获救。据此可推知，续写第二段主要写Steven和Abigail获救后的感受和行为，如向救援人员表示感谢。
[参考范文]
An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，any how.Once on the solid ground，he ran to the nearest cottage and called for help.Hearing Chase's desperate cries，people in the cottage rushed out immediately.Realizing what had happened，they sprang into action.They rushed to the bank of the river following Chase and paddled their boats instantly with rescue equipment towards the dad and daughter.Meanwhile，someone called the Rescue Department.Soon after，rescuers arrived.All of them did everything they could to carry out a thorough search.
Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued.After ensuring their safety，people breathed a sigh of relief.Steven was deeply moved and expressed his gratitude to all the rescuers with tears swirling in his eyes.Then he hugged Chase and Abigail tightly and couldn't help weeping for joy.He couldn't be prouder of his son. It was the bravery，calmness and determination of the pint sized superhero that changed everything.It was likely to be one day the family would never forget.课时分层作业(六)
必修第一册 UNIT 3 CELEBRATIONS
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·广东惠州第三次调研)
It is an old saying that there is nothing new under the sun.But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren't alone in having invented vaccination (接种疫苗).The work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first.It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans.
One discovery in 2015 is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them antigens (抗原) which start the development of a protective immune response.But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place，for she lives only on royal jelly (蜂王浆) produced by worker bees who act as nurses to baby bees.Dr.Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar (花蜜).
To test this idea，he cooperated with Heli Salmela.Together，they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless hives with baby bees to look after.Instead of nectar，they fed the nurses on sugar water，and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar water with a bacterium that causes a hive killing disease.
In this case，to stop such an infection happening，Dr.Harwood and Dr.Salmela heat treated the bacteria to kill them in advance.They also labeled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye (荧光染料) to make them easy to track.And，the result showed that pathogens (病原体) were getting into royal jelly produced by those nurse bees.
All told that nurse bees are indeed，through their royal jelly，passing antigens on to the queen，and then to the eggs.Meanwhile，after they hatch，the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well，thus being vaccinated twice.
1．In which section of a newspaper can we find this text
A．Science. B．Education.
C．Geography. D．Medicine.
2．What does Dr.Harwood in paragraph 2 put forward
A．An assumption. B．A suggestion.
C．A theory. D．A fact.
3．Why were the nurse bees fed on sugar water instead of nectar
A．To produce bacteria.
B．To find out the antigen supply.
C．To stop infections happening.
D．To offer another food choice.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Nurse Bees Invent Vaccination
B．Queen Bees Vaccinate Their Eggs
C．Honeybees Popularize Vaccination
D．Honeybees Run Vaccination Programmes
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·沈阳市高三教学质量监测)
How to Eat Better for the Planet
You are environmentally conscious and hungry.Here are answers to all your eco friendly food questions.
Does what I eat have an effect on climate change
Yes. 1 ．About one quarter of the planet warming greenhouse gases are generated by humans each year.That includes raising and harvesting all the plants，animals，and animal products we eat，as well as processing，packaging，and shipping food to markets all over the world.
2 ？
When forests are cleared to make room for farms and cattle，large stores of carbon are released into the atmosphere，which heats up the planet.Also，fossil (化石)fuels are used to operate farm machinery and ship food around the globe，all of which generate emissions (排放).
Which foods have the largest impact
3 ．Cattle accounts for roughly the same amount of emissions as all the cars，trucks，airplanes，and ships in the world today，while plant based foods like beans and grains tend to have the smallest effect.Pork，chicken，and eggs are somewhere in the middle.
Why does meat have such a big effect on the climate
It's often more efficient to grow crops for humans to eat than it is to grow crops for animals to eat and then turn those animals into food for humans.A conclusion was reached by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 2017. 4 ．
Is there a simple food choice I can make that would reduce my climate footprint
Consuming less red meat and dairy products will typically have the biggest effect for most people in wealthy countries.A number of studies have concluded that people who eat a meat heavy diet could reduce their food related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegetarian diet. 5 ．If you don't want to go that far，just eating less meat and dairy products can reduce emissions.
A．Why do we need to change the climate
B．The world's food system is responsible for it
C．The greenhouse gases have an impact on our food
D．How exactly does food contribute to global warming
E．Giving up dairy products would reduce those emissions even further
F．On average，it takes about three pounds of grains to raise one pound of meat
G．In general，beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·沈阳市高三年级教学质量监测)
Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction.When we eat or drink something containing sugar，the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.Then the good feeling goes away，1. (leave) us wanting more.All 2. (taste) foods do this，but sugar has a particularly strong effect.In this way，it is in fact an addictive drug，one that doctors recommend we all cut down on.
Our bodies 3. (design) to survive on very little sugar.Early humans often had very little food，so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way，we had energy 4. (store) for when there was no food.But today，most people have more than enough.So 5. very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the 6. (solve) It's obvious that we need to eat less sugar.The trouble is，in today's world，it's extremely difficult to avoid.From breakfast cereals
7. after dinner desserts，our foods are increasingly filled with it.Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat.
But there are people and organizations 8. are fighting back against sugar.Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit.Other schools 9. (grow) their own food in gardens，or building 10. (facility) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.The battle has not yet been lost.
Ⅳ.读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市阶段性监测)
Twenty years ago，Chase Poust was only 7.On one Sunday morning，he，his dad Steven，and his 4 year old sister Abigail，were out for a family boating trip on Florida's St.Johns River.Chase and Abigail were swimming at the back of the anchored boat while Steven was on deck(甲板) fishing.
It was a perfect outing—it was so peaceful and the colors of the deep blue sky，the light green river water and the mild late May sunshine mixed to create a magic scene.Off the shore lay quietly several cottages.Everything was sound until a strong current emerged and loosened Abigail's grasp and she let go of the boat.Instantly realizing his sister would be swept away，Chase let go of the boat as well to try to reach her.At the same time，Chase screamed at his father desperately.
Without thinking twice，Steven jumped into the water and swam towards the two kids with all his efforts.But after realizing he couldn't keep up with both kids，he was faced with a heartbroken decision.He told them he loved them very much because he wasn't sure what was going to happen.Steven tried his best to stick with both of his children.He wore himself out.But his little daughter was washed away from him.Directing Chase to swim to the shore for help，Steven stayed behind，keeping as close as he could to Abigail as the life vest that was keeping her above the waves floated further and further from his reach.
It was a tough go for the 7 year old，but rather than attempting to swim all out，Chase wisely paced himself.Stopping to float or dog paddle when he was tired，he would rest and then set off again.The current was going the opposite way of going to the boat and the shore，so it was very hard to swim for Chase.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
An hour later，Chase swam to the shore，anyhow.
Luckily，Steven and Abigail were found and rescued.
