人大附中二年级英语期中练习
说明：本试卷共三道大题，共8页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟;请在密封线内填写个人信息。
第一部分：知识应用(共三节，43分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been ____1____ when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was ____2____. We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled.
“I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s ____3____, honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words ____4____ in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do
Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren ____5____ followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life.
Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She ____6____ the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She ____7____ it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see I scored! I made a ____8____!”
For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to ____9____ Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but _____10_____.
1. A. disappointed B. surprised C. depressed D. embarrassed
2. A. normal B. ordinary C. different D. typical
3. A. awful B. strange C. hard D. nice
4. A. sank B. poured C. came D. kicked
5. A. frequently B. carelessly C. attentively D. repeatedly
6. A. kept pace with B. gave way to C. put up with D. broke away from
7. A. threw B. missed C. cast D. caught
8. A. mistake B. record C. mess D. basket
9. A. excuse B. shelter C. discourage D. prohibit
10. A. consciously B. spiritually C. literally D. socially
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女孩劳伦，她有唐氏综合症，但是她的父母一直以来都没有告诉她这个事实，并且对她和其他孩子一样对待。Laure表现出对篮球的兴趣，并加入了女子篮球队。在一场比赛中，虽然她被叫上场的时间很短，但她成功地投篮得分，这让她感到非常自豪。通过这次比赛，父亲意识到劳伦的不同之处不仅仅是身体和情感上的，而是她对生活的态度。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当劳伦宣布她要参加女子篮球队时，我不应该感到惊讶。A. disappointed沮丧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“But I was, because she has Down syndrome”可知，对于正常的孩子来说参加篮球队是不应该感到惊讶的，但因为劳伦有唐氏综合征，她要参加篮球队这是让作者惊讶的。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同。A. normal正常的；B. ordinary普通的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled.”可知，作者和妻子从未告诉劳伦她与众不同，作者对待她与对待其他的孩子是一样的。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太好了，亲爱的。A. awful糟糕的；B. strange奇怪的；C. hard困难的；D. nice愉快的。根据““I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.””可知，劳伦告诉作者其要参加篮球队，作为父亲，作者表示赞同。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话被理解了。A. sank沉入，被理解；B. poured倾倒；C. came来到；D. kicked踢。根据““What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.””可知，作者理解了劳伦的话即劳伦想说的是她要加入女子高中篮球队。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳伦专注地注视着场上动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。A. frequently经常地；B. carelessly不小心地；C. attentively注意地；D. repeatedly反复的。根据“reacted to every shot”可知，劳伦专注地注视着场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做出反应。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。A. kept pace with跟上；B. gave way to让位给；C. put up with忍受；D. broke away from逃离。根据“the others fairly well”可知，她能跟上其他人步调，跟的相当好。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓住了球。A. threw投掷；B. missed错过；C. cast投掷；D. caught抓住。根据“Then they passed Lauren the ball.”可知，队友们把球传给了劳伦，劳伦接住了球即抓住了球。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我投进球了！A. mistake错误；B. record记录；C. mess混乱；D. basket投篮得分。根据“I scored!”可知，劳伦进球了。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：16年来，我一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。A. excuse借口；B. shelter提供保护；C. discourage使泄气；D. prohibit禁止。根据“from feeling like she was different”可知，作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与众不同。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但看着比赛中的劳伦，我发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。A. consciously有意识地；B. spiritually精神上地；C. literally文字地；D. socially社交地。根据“not physically or emotionally”可知，看着比赛中的劳伦，作者发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。
A
语法填空
If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of ____11____(die)out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature ____12____ animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air, and without clean water we would be unable ____13____(survive).
【答案】11. dying
12. between
13. to survive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。如果发生第六次物种大灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。人与自然之间紧密联系，作者呼吁我们人类要保护环境，做到人与自然和谐相处。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：当然，由于我们人类依赖如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。介词of后需接动名词作宾语。故填dying。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于自然界动植物之间的平衡。由空后“ animals and plants”可知，此处需用介词between，between...and...在……之间，固定搭配。故填between。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：没有森林，我们就没有空气，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。be unable to do sth.不能做某事，固定搭配。故填to survive。
B
语法填空
Most people believe when they are living ____14____(comfortable) and earning enough money, they will have no worries. However, most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. Are there any things he misses from his past “No, I’m much ____15____(happy) now, because I am living according to my values. Success is not measured by how much money you have but by ____16____ you understand the true meaning of life.”
【答案】fortably
15. happier
16. how
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jason Harley放弃传统舒适生活的经历，发现拥有少量金钱反而让他感到自由和幸福，他认为成功不仅仅是拥有多少钱，还要理解生活的真正意义。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：大多数人认为当他们生活舒适，赚足够的钱时，他们就没有烦恼了。分析句子，设空处使用comfortable的副词comfortably作状语，修饰动词living，意为“舒服地”。故填comfortably。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：不，我现在快乐多了，因为我按照自己的价值观生活。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，此处表示与之前的状态相比“更快乐”故使用形容词happy的比较级。故填happier。
【16题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：成功不是用你有多少钱来衡量的，而是看你如何理解生活的真谛。分析句子，设空处引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，根据句意，此处表示“如何”用how。故填how。
C
语法填空
The Dutch in their early voyages to China used to barter(物物交换)the herb called sage for tea. One of ____17____ earliest references to tea in England is found in the diary of Samuel Pepys, ____18____ lived in London centuries ago. He said in his diary on the 25th of September 1660, “I did send for a cup of tea(a Chinese drink), which was nothing I ____19____(drink)before.” Tea, at that time, was very expensive. It was during the 1700s that tea ____20____(come)into use in England as a general drink.
【答案】17. the
18. who 19. had drunk
20. came
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶叶在欧洲的发展史。
【17题详解】
考查冠词。句意：英国最早提到茶的记载之一是几个世纪前住在伦敦的塞缪尔·佩皮斯(Samuel Pepys)的日记。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，固定搭配，所以空处需用定冠词the。故填the。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Samuel Pepys，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who引导定语从句；关系代词that不用于非限制性定语从句中。故填who。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：我确实要了一杯茶(一种中国饮料)，这是我以前从未喝过的。由主句谓语动词前的助动词did(表示强调)和空后时间状语before可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，谓语动词需用过去完成时态：had done。故填had drunk。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：在18世纪，茶开始在英国被当作一种普遍的饮料来使用。由时间状语during the 1700s可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填came。
第三节(共13小题;每小题1分，共13分)
请根据提示，选择合适的单词补全句子。
(一)
选词填空
A. refillable B. demanding C. ultimate D. reserved E. appreciative F. informative G. varied
21. He said it is still not possible to predict the __________ outcome.
22. To stay healthy, it is essential that your diet is __________ and balanced.
23. Even though I’m quite a/an __________ person, I like meeting people.
24. In addition to learning new skills, _________ speakers also help people acquire fascinating facts.
【答案】21. C 22. G
23. D 24. F
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他说，目前还无法预测最终结果。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据句意，表示“最终的”用ultimate。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为了保持健康，饮食多样化和均衡是很重要的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，表示“多样的”用varied。故选G。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然我是个很内向的人，但我喜欢与人交往。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“内向的”用reserved。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了学习新技能，有启发性的演讲者还帮助人们掌握有趣的事实。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，informative意为“有启发性的”，符合句意。故选F。
(二)
选词填空
A. boil B. wrap C. absorb D. apply E. stimulate F. restore G. strive
25. The measures are intended to __________ the habitats of these black robins.
26. What they want may __________ down to just one thing - social recognition.
27. You will pass your exams if you __________ yourself to your schoolwork.
28. Parents should give children books that __________ their interest.
【答案】25. F 26. A
27. D 28. E
【解析】
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些措施旨在恢复这些黑知更鸟的栖息地。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的to构成不定式结构。根据句意，表示“恢复，修复”用restore。故选F。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们想要的可能归结为一件事——社会认可。分析句子，设空处置于情态动词may之后，故应该使用动词原形。根据句意，表示“归纳为”用boil down。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你专心学习，你会通过考试的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中if引导条件状语从句符合主将从现。根据句意，表示“专心致志于某事”用apply oneself to。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：父母应该给孩子们一些能激发他们兴趣的书。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示“激发，刺激”用stimulate，同时句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故选E。
(三)
选词填空
A. creature B. conservation C. institute D. campaign E. ease F. clarity G. manner
29. The environmental group launched a new __________ to raise awareness about climate change.
30. She had an ability to put people at their __________.
31. I’m a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional __________.
32. Your __________ of thoughts can help you move forward.
33. He thought of trying for a position in a research __________.
【答案】29. D 30. E
31. G 32. F
33. C
【解析】
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：环保组织发起了一项新的运动，以提高人们对气候变化的认识。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词作launched的宾语。campaign为名词“运动(为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动) ”，为名词。符合句意。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：她有能力让人们放心。根据空前的their可知，空处需要名词。ease为名词“安逸”，符合句意。put sb. at ease“让某人放心”。故选E。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：我是专业人士，我必须以专业的方式行事。根据空前的形容词professional可知，空处需要名词。根据“I’m a professional”可知，我必须以专业的方式行事。manner为名词“方式，方法”，符合句意。in a…manner“用……方式”。故选G。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：清晰的思路可以帮助你前进。根据空前的your可知，空处需要名词在句中作主语。根据“can help you move forward”可知，清晰的思路可以帮助你前进。clarity 为名词“清晰”，符合句意。故选F。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：他想在一家研究所谋一个职位。根据“He thought of trying for a position”可知，他想在研究所找一个工作。institute为名词“机构”，符合句意。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My memories of my father are divided into parts and shares. Alive, and then dead. Healthy, and then helpless. And further back in time, the first and most division: Present and then absent; loving, and then indifferent.
He used to be a good writer and loving father. When I was a 16-year-old girl, he was fired from his company, a public, gossip-based dismissal that he would spend decades refusing responsibility for. This was the first crack that divided my relationship with him into poles of before and after. To escape his shame, he pushed away those who reminded him of it, first divorcing my mother, then alienating my sister and I.
As an adult, my relationship with my father was one of low expectations and high boundaries. He spent most of his time travelling. But when he died of heart failure in August, I was knocked off balance by the weight of the blow. I thought, after years of setting up delicate fences around our relationship, that I had already begun letting go. His death delivered a realization: despite years of analyzing his complicated love for me, there were pieces of my father I never understood—until I found my father’s notebooks in his cupboard.
In the notebooks, he often collected documentation: train tickets from Rome or a photograph of San Francisco’s Prescott Hotel. But what he was also doing was offering fatherly guidance, the kind I could only receive after he died. His life, in which what he had was never quite enough, was eventually exposed. In his final decade, he realized he had built a castle for himself upon sand and regret. Now in his entries, I hear his voice. “Debaleh,” I hear him say, using his pet name for me, “learn from my mistakes.”
I read these pages among my dad’s clothes, and wept. I hadn’t known that my father, too, lived with that familiar ache for new horizons in his heart, the one that can only be comforted by traveling.
34. Why did the author’s father keep away from his family
A. They weren’t responsible members. B. He didn’t get on well with his wife.
C. Their presence recalled his sad experience. D. They talked behind others’ backs everywhere.
35. What advice did the author’s father give her
A. Writing a journal carefully. B. Travelling more for relaxation.
C. Avoiding following in his footsteps. D. Obeying father’s guidance thoroughly.
36. What made the author end up crying
A. Finding her father’s clothes. B. Getting to know her late father.
C. Failing to look for new horizons. D. Knowing her father’s heart disease.
【答案】34. C 35. C 36. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲曾经是一位优秀的作家和慈爱的父亲，但是由于一些不愉快的经历，父亲选择疏远家人，直到作者的父亲去世，作者阅读父亲的记录，才开始了解父亲。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When I was a 16-year-old girl, he was fired from his company, a public, gossip-based dismissal that he would spend decades refusing responsibility for. This was the first crack that divided my relationship with him into poles of before and after. To escape his shame, he pushed away those who reminded him of it, first divorcing my mother, then alienating my sister and I.(当我还是个16岁的女孩时，他被公司解雇了，这是一次公开的、基于流言蜚语的解雇，几十年来他一直拒绝为此承担责任。这是把我和他的关系分成前后两极的第一个裂痕。为了逃避羞耻感，他赶走了那些提醒他的人，先是和我母亲离婚，然后疏远了我和妹妹)”可知，作者的父亲远离他的家人是因为他们的出现使他想起了悲伤的经历。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Debaleh,” I hear him say, using his pet name for me, “learn from my mistakes.”(“德巴勒，”我听到他说，用他对我的爱称，“从我的错误中吸取教训。”)”可知，作者的父亲建议作者不要步他的后尘。故选C。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“I read these pages among my dad’s clothes, and wept. I hadn’t known that my father, too, lived with that familiar ache for new horizons in his heart, the one that can only be comforted by traveling.(我在父亲的衣服中间读着这些信，哭了起来。我不知道我的父亲也生活在他心中那种熟悉的对新视野的渴望中，那种只有旅行才能得到安慰的渴望)”可知，了解她已故的父亲让作者最后哭了。故选B。
B
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核)involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
37. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac
A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B. People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
38. How did researchers collect evidence for the study
A. By quoting authoritative experts. B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory. D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
39. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature. B. The focus of the follow-up research.
C. An appeal for living in urban regions. D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
【答案】37. D 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于自然对人大脑产生的影响的研究结果。研究发现，接近自然环境会使与压力相关的大脑区域杏仁核的活动减少，因此对大脑和心理健康有益。研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，探究自然环境对母亲和婴儿的压力的影响方式。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions(但是到目前为止，母鸡和蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村还是城市地区)”可知，Sonja Sudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。
38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.(为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在格鲁内瓦尔德森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查。结果显示，在大自然中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少了，这表明大自然对大脑中与压力相关的区域产生了有益的影响)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.(为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选B。
C
In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting a return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
40. By “a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________.
A. an essential part of society with irreplaceable functions
B. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
C. an unimportant component of society, though functioning smoothly
D. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
41. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.
A. they are filled with an overwhelming fear of being unemployed
B they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest
C. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they lack a sense of independence and productivity
42. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “submissiveness”
A. caution B. obedience C. commitment D. optimism
43. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce the production mode of our ancestors.
B. To show the problematic situation in society.
C. To argue for full development of human potentials.
D. To help people escape production and consumption.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. B 43. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中工人、雇员以及社会阶层较高者的焦虑和不满情绪，呼吁转变社会制度，充分开发人类潜能，使生产和消费成为实现人的全面发展的手段。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it.(总的来说，社会正在变成一个由官僚管理层管理的巨型企业，在这个企业中，人变成了机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮。给齿轮“加油”是通过更高的工资、设备精良的工厂和管弦乐，以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家完成的)”和“In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.(事实上，蓝领工人和白领工人已经成为经济的傀儡，随着自动化机器和官僚管理的曲调起舞)”可推知，作者认为人只是机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮，是经济的傀儡，受到自动化机器和官僚管理的支配，虽然运行平稳，但并不重要。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.(事实上，他们感到绝望是因为他们从来没有作为情感和智力上独立的和有生产力的人去面对人类生存的基本现实)”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们缺乏独立意识和生产力。故选D。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.(当他们申请第一份工作时，他们接受智力测试，以及是否能把submissiveness和独立正确地结合起来的测试)”中“tested for”可知，句中谈论的是对应聘者的相关测试。结合划线词前“the right mixture...”和其后“independence”可推知，submissiveness与independence(独立)是应聘者需要兼有的两种 特质，应聘者在两者之间需要找到平衡点。结合选项可推知，submissiveness与obedience同义，意为“服从”，与independence(独立)意思相对。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.(我建议将社会制度从以最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义转变为以人及其潜能——所有爱和理性的潜能——的充分发展为社会安排目标的人道主义工业主义。生产和消费应该作为达到这一目的的手段，而不应该支配人)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是主张充分开发人类潜能。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There’s nothing like family. The people we’re related to by blood and marriage are expected to be our greatest sources of love and support. Too often, however, our interactions with family are filled with misunderstanding and resentment. Those we should know and be known by best, end up feeling like adversaries or strangers.
Family is where our first and strongest emotional memories are made, and that’s where they keep appearing. And this is why emotional intelligence(EQ)succeeds where other efforts at family harmony fail. ____44____ The suggestions offered below are transformed from familiar reasonable advice, to highly effective methods for bringing your family ever closer.
Look to yourself first. A family is a system made up of interdependent individuals, but that doesn’t mean you can blame your family of origin for the way you are today ____45____ When you act on the belief that you have a right and obligation to assert your own emotional needs, your family will notice that your emotional independence benefits not only you, but the whole family, and they may quickly follow your lead.
Recognize that being close doesn’t mean being clones. Sometimes family ties blind us to the uniqueness of those we love. Pride in the family continuum can make it easy to forget that. You can’t be expected to have the same talents as your siblings, even though you may look a lot alike. ____46____
Cherish every stage of life in each family member. No matter how well we understand that it can’t happen, we desperately want Mom and Dad to stay the way they are, and for the kids to stay home forever. ____47____ Accept the natural fear that your parents’ aging evokes but use your emotional awareness and empathy to figure out how you can cherish this moment for its unique qualities. What can you and your parents share now that wasn’t possible in the past Can you keep having fun and make sure everyone still feels useful and worthy in the family support system
____48____ Fully accepting your fear of change can make it easier to ask questions that you may have considered awkward in the past. Maybe your parents are just waiting for your cue. Feel them out. In a flexible healthy family dynamic, change is just one of the many opportunities you have to enrich one another.
A. Your best hope for fixing any family problem is to attend your own emotional health.
B. You won’t necessarily choose to follow in parent’s footsteps.
C. It’s also important to keep your awareness active with family.
D. The best to accept that fact emotionally, is to embrace change.
E. People all change, and yet many seem to only see change in themselves.
F. If you’re not sure what will work, ask.
G. Active awareness and empathy tell us how to respond to one another’s needs.
【答案】44. G 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何提高家庭和谐的重要性，以及如何通过情商来实现这一目标。
【44题详解】
根据前文“And this is why emotional intelligence(EQ)succeeds where other efforts at family harmony fail. (这就是为什么情商(EQ)能成功，而其他家庭和谐的努力却失败了。)”可知，此处强调的是情商能够有助于家庭和谐。后文应该对此进行解释。G选项“Active awareness and empathy tell us how to respond to one another’s needs.(积极的意识和同理心告诉我们如何回应彼此的需求。)”中的“积极的意识和同理心”能够告诉我们如何回应家庭成员的需求，其属于EQ的具体体现，因此EQ能够有助于家庭和谐，与前文呼应。故选G。
【45题详解】
根据前文“Look to yourself first. (先看看你自己)”可知，此处强调的是从自己着手，不要把今天自己的样子归咎于原生家庭。A选项“Your best hope for fixing any family problem is to attend your own emotional health.(解决家庭问题的最大希望是关注自己的情绪健康。)”中“关注自己的情绪健康”与前文呼应，即关注自己的情绪问题是能够解决家庭问题的最大希望。故选A。
【46题详解】
根据本段段旨“Recognize that being close doesn’t mean being clones.(认识到亲密并不意味着克隆人。)”以及“You can’t be expected to have the same talents as your siblings, even though you may look a lot alike. (即使你和你的兄弟姐妹长得很像，你也不能指望拥有和他们一样的才能。)”可知，虽然与兄弟姐妹有着亲密的关系，但不意味着你们是一样的。B选项“You won’t necessarily choose to follow in parent’s footsteps.( 你并不一定会选择追随父母的脚步。)”承接前文指出，虽然家人们是亲密的，但是不一定会有着同样的才能，也不一定会选择追随亲人的脚步，故B选项符合语境。故选B。
【47题详解】
根据后文“ Accept the natural fear that your parents’ aging evokes but use your emotional awareness and empathy to figure out how you can cherish this moment for its unique qualities.(接受父母变老带来的自然恐惧，但运用你的情感意识和同理心，想想如何珍惜这一刻，因为它的独特品质。)”可知要学会接受父母变老带来的自然恐惧，运用情感意识和同理心珍惜当下的一刻。D选项“The best to accept that fact emotionally, is to embrace change.(从情感上接受这个事实的最好方式，就是拥抱改变。)”引起下文，指出最好的方式就是要接受改变，与下文的“ Accept the natural fear”形成呼应，符合语境。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据下文“Fully accepting your fear of change can make it easier to ask questions that you may have considered awkward in the past.(充分接受自己对变化的恐惧可能会让你更容易提出过去可能认为尴尬的问题。)”可知，此处强调接受变化的恐惧，能够让自己更能大胆地提出问题即强调大胆的提出问题，确定到底何种方式起作用。F选项“If you’re not sure what will work, ask.(如果你不确定什么会起作用，那就去问。)”与下文呼应，指出如果遇到不确定什么起作用则大胆询问，符合语境。故选F。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节(共4小题;第49、50小题各2分，第51小题3分，第52小题5分;共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If you listen to the stream of articles and podcasts telling us how to become a billionaire in 10 easy steps, you might hold the belief that squeezing ourselves dry each second of the day will bring happiness and success.
But this obsession with productivity is costing us. Even a car doesn’t stay in the same gear the whole time. “We are not machines,” says psychologist Professor Drew Dawson. “Performance declines as a function of time, of task and time of day.”
Instead of moments of boredom, where we might let our minds wander and come up with novel solutions to problems and novel ways of thinking, we seek constant stimulation - and have a lowered tolerance for boredom as a result.
“It leads people to a false assumption that the world’s most successful people are literally making good use of every single minute,” Dawson says. “That’s a myth. We’re not hardwired to act that way as humans, and it’s a good recipe for burnout.”
COVID-19, for a variety of reasons, has led people to question and even opt out of this myth. “Who wants to lie on their deathbed going, ‘I wish I’d been more productive’ ” Dawson says. “Post-COVID, people are starting to say, ‘what am I losing compared to what am I gaining ’”
So, if not more productivity, what should we be aiming for
·Get our priorities straight.
A life spent chasing the state of being able to do everything is less meaningful than a life of focusing on a few things that count. We can reflect on five things that matter most to us and lead a life around them. Once clear on them, we also become clear on where to direct our attention and what to say “no” to.
·Enjoy downtime(停工期)for its own sake
Glorifying productivity can blind us to the value of other parts of our lives, including boredom, connection, creativity and play. But activities in our lives don’t need to always be productive or worthwhile-enjoying an activity is reason enough to spend time on it.
We weren’t meant to be productive all the time, so stop constantly struggling, and start chilling.
49. What does “obsession with productivity” refer to in the passage
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
50. How has COVID-19 changed the situation according to the passage
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
51. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It is more meaningful to focus on a few things that count in life, so we can reflect on five things in our life to say “no” to.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Do you agree with the statement “enjoying an activity is reason enough to spend time on it” Why or why not (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】49. The belief that squeezing ourselves dry each second of the day will bring happiness and success.
50. It has led people to question and even opt out of the false assumption that the world’s most successful people are literally making good use of every single minute
51. It is more meaningful to focus on a few things that count in life, so we can reflect on five things in our life ________.
According to the passage, we can reflect on five things that matter most in our life and lead a life around them.
52. Yes , I agree. Because enjoying an activity to spend time on it could bring us happiness and satisfaction, which are key to motivation and purpose , and which also make us positive, optimistic, and enjoy life's good moments.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章探讨了当今社会对于高效生产力的过度追求，以及过度追求生产力对我们的损害。作者认为，我们人类并不是机器，无法一直保持高效状态，追求每一分钟都充分利用的观念是错误的，甚至有可能导致身心疲惫。因此，作者提倡我们应该明确我们的重点，并围绕这些重点来规划生活，同时也应该享受闲暇时间的乐趣，不一味追求生产力。
【49题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据第一段中“If you listen to the stream of articles and podcasts telling us how to become a billionaire in 10 easy steps, you might hold the belief that squeezing ourselves dry each second of the day will bring happiness and success.(如果你听大量的文章和播客告诉我们如何在10个简单的步骤中成为亿万富翁，你可能会相信每天的每一秒都把自己榨干会带来幸福和成功。)”以及第二段中“But this obsession with productivity is costing us. (但这种对生产力的痴迷正在让我们付出代价。)”可知，“对生产力的痴迷”指的是“每天每一秒都把自己榨干的信念会带来幸福和成功。”故答案为The belief that squeezing ourselves dry each second of the day will bring happiness and success.
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““It leads people to a false assumption that the world’s most successful people are literally making good use of every single minute,” Dawson says. (道森说：“这让人们产生了一个错误的假设，认为世界上最成功的人确实是在充分利用每一分钟。”)”以及第五段“COVID-19, for a variety of reasons, has led people to question and even opt out of this myth.(由于各种原因，COVID-19导致人们质疑甚至选择退出这个神话。)”可知，新冠疫情让人们质疑甚至放弃了一个错误的假设，即世界上最成功的人确实是在充分利用每一分钟。故答案为It has led people to question and even opt out of the false assumption that the world’s most successful people are literally making good use of every single minute.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“A life spent chasing the state of being able to do everything is less meaningful than a life of focusing on a few things that count. We can reflect on five things that matter most to us and lead a life around them. Once clear on them, we also become clear on where to direct our attention and what to say “no” to.(过度追求能做一切的状态的生活比起专注于几件重要事物的生活缺乏意义。我们可以反思五件对我们最重要的事情，并围绕它们过上生活。一旦明确了这些事情，我们也就明确了应该将注意力放在哪里，对什么事情说“不”。)”可知，我们可以反思五件对我们最重要的事情，并围绕它们过上生活。一旦明确了这些事情，我们也就明确了应该将注意力放在哪里，对什么事情说“不”。根据题干“It is more meaningful to focus on a few things that count in life, so we can reflect on five things in our life to say “no” to.(更有意义的是专注于生活中重要的几件事情，因此我们可以反思一下生活中要拒绝的五件事情。)”可知，题干强调的是我们可以反思一下生活中要拒绝的五件事情，后半部分与原文信息不符，原文强调的是“可以反思五件对我们最重要的事情，并围绕它们过上生活”。故答案为According to the passage, we can reflect on five things that matter most in our life and lead a life around them.
【52题详解】
开放式问题。根据题干“Do you agree with the statement “enjoying an activity is reason enough to spend time on it” (你是否同意“享受一项活动就是足够的理由去投入时间吗？”这一说法？)”可知，回答言之成理即可。本人认为：我同意这种说法，享受一项活动能够为我们带来快乐和满足感，这恰恰是我们追求幸福和满足感的基石，为我们提供了生活的动力和目标。当我们感到快乐和满足时，我们会更加积极、乐观地面对生活中的挑战和困难，也会更加珍惜和享受生活中的美好时刻。故答案为：Yes , I agree. Because enjoying an activity to spend time on it could bring us happiness and satisfaction, which are key to motivation and purpose , and which also make us positive, optimistic, and enjoy life's good moments.
第二节(15分)
注意：不要在作文答题区域之外作答。
53. 假设你是红星中学高二一班班长李华。作为“中轴线文化之旅”活动的一部分，年级拟在下周五组织学生参观前门大街，请你用英文给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加该活动，内容包括：
1.介绍活动安排；
2.说明邀请理由；
3.提醒注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：中轴线 The Central Axis
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing to invite you to participate in a cultural tour to Qianmen Street next Friday as part of our “Central Axis Culture Tour” activity.
The event is scheduled for next Friday and we will be visiting Qianmen Street, a historical and culturally rich area. Additionally, we will have the opportunity to explore some of the unique shops and restaurants. Not only will this trip provide you with an immersive experience of Chinese culture, but it will also be a great opportunity to bond with your classmates. Remember to bring your student ID, as it will be required for entry.
I look forward to seeing you on the trip!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加“中轴线文化之旅”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
此外：additionally→besides
记住：remember→keep in mind
机会：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Additionally, we will have the opportunity to explore some of the unique shops and restaurants.
拓展句：Additionally, we will have the opportunity to explore some of the unique shops and restaurants, which will allow us to experience the local culture and cuisine.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Additionally, we will have the opportunity to explore some of the unique shops and restaurants. (运用了不定式作后置定语)
[高分句型2] Not only will this trip provide you with an immersive experience of Chinese culture, but it will also be a great opportunity to bond with your classmates. (not only...but also连接句子时，not only位于句首，该部分用部分倒装)人大附中二年级英语期中练习
说明：本试卷共三道大题，共8页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟;请在密封线内填写个人信息。
第一部分：知识应用(共三节，43分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sports are important in our family. Both of our sons were high-school athletes. So, I shouldn’t have been ____1____ when Lauren announced she was going out for the girls’ basketball team. But I was, because she has Down syndrome(唐氏综合症). My wife and I never told Lauren that she was ____2____. We treated her like our other children. We didn’t want her to feel disabled.
“I’m gonna play basketball, Daddy.” Lauren ran to meet me when I came in from work. She flew into my arms and lingered long in my embrace. “That’s ____3____, honey,” I patted her shoulder and walked into the kitchen. My wife spoke slowly, her tone steady. “What Lauren’s trying to say is that she’s joining the girls’ high-school basketball team.” Her words ____4____ in. Everything that could happen flashed through my mind. But what could we do
Mid-November, the season’s first basketball game arrived. It got off to a good start, but soon Verden, Lauren’s team, was behind. Lauren ____5____ followed the movement on the court and reacted to every shot. Even though she wasn’t playing, she looked as if she were having the time of her life.
Just less than two minutes were left, and Verden was down by seventeen points when Lauren was called in for the game! She ____6____ the others fairly well. From her agile movement and eager expression, I knew she was desperate to score for her team. Then they passed Lauren the ball. She ____7____ it. She shot. She scored! A few minutes later, Lauren joined us in the stands. “Did you see I scored! I made a ____8____!”
For sixteen years, I’d tried hard to ____9____ Lauren from feeling like she was different. But watching Lauren in the game, I saw that she really was different—not physically or emotionally, but _____10_____.
1. A. disappointed B. surprised C. depressed D. embarrassed
2. A. normal B. ordinary C. different D. typical
3. A. awful B. strange C. hard D. nice
4. A. sank B. poured C. came D. kicked
5. A. frequently B. carelessly C. attentively D. repeatedly
6. A. kept pace with B. gave way to C. put up with D. broke away from
7. A. threw B. missed C. cast D. caught
8. A. mistake B. record C. mess D. basket
9. A. excuse B. shelter C. discourage D. prohibit
10. A. consciously B. spiritually C. literally D. socially
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。
A
语法填空
If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of ____11____(die)out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature ____12____ animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air, and without clean water we would be unable ____13____(survive).
B
语法填空
Most people believe when they are living ____14____(comfortable) and earning enough money, they will have no worries. However, most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. Are there any things he misses from his past “No, I’m much ____15____(happy) now, because I am living according to my values. Success is not measured by how much money you have but by ____16____ you understand the true meaning of life.”
C
语法填空
The Dutch in their early voyages to China used to barter(物物交换)the herb called sage for tea. One of ____17____ earliest references to tea in England is found in the diary of Samuel Pepys, ____18____ lived in London centuries ago. He said in his diary on the 25th of September 1660, “I did send for a cup of tea(a Chinese drink), which was nothing I ____19____(drink)before.” Tea, at that time, was very expensive. It was during the 1700s that tea ____20____(come)into use in England as a general drink.
第三节(共13小题;每小题1分，共13分)
请根据提示，选择合适的单词补全句子。
(一)
选词填空
A. refillable B. demanding C. ultimate D. reserved E. appreciative F. informative G. varied
21. He said it is still not possible to predict the __________ outcome.
22. To stay healthy, it is essential that your diet is __________ and balanced.
23. Even though I’m quite a/an __________ person, I like meeting people.
24. In addition to learning new skills, _________ speakers also help people acquire fascinating facts.
(二)
选词填空
A. boil B. wrap C. absorb D. apply E. stimulate F. restore G. strive
25. The measures are intended to __________ the habitats of these black robins.
26. What they want may __________ down to just one thing - social recognition.
27. You will pass your exams if you __________ yourself to your schoolwork.
28. Parents should give children books that __________ their interest.
(三)
选词填空
A. creature B. conservation C. institute D. campaign E. ease F. clarity G. manner
29. The environmental group launched a new __________ to raise awareness about climate change.
30. She had an ability to put people at their __________.
31 I’m a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional __________.
32. Your __________ of thoughts can help you move forward.
33. He thought of trying for a position in a research __________.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My memories of my father are divided into parts and shares. Alive, and then dead. Healthy, and then helpless. And further back in time, the first and most division: Present and then absent; loving, and then indifferent.
He used to be a good writer and loving father. When I was a 16-year-old girl, he was fired from his company, a public, gossip-based dismissal that he would spend decades refusing responsibility for. This was the first crack that divided my relationship with him into poles of before and after. To escape his shame, he pushed away those who reminded him of it, first divorcing my mother, then alienating my sister and I.
As an adult, my relationship with my father was one of low expectations and high boundaries. He spent most of his time travelling. But when he died of heart failure in August, I was knocked off balance by the weight of the blow. I thought, after years of setting up delicate fences around our relationship, that I had already begun letting go. His death delivered a realization: despite years of analyzing his complicated love for me, there were pieces of my father I never understood—until I found my father’s notebooks in his cupboard.
In the notebooks, he often collected documentation: train tickets from Rome or a photograph of San Francisco’s Prescott Hotel. But what he was also doing was offering fatherly guidance, the kind I could only receive after he died. His life, in which what he had was never quite enough, was eventually exposed. In his final decade, he realized he had built a castle for himself upon sand and regret. Now in his entries, I hear his voice. “Debaleh,” I hear him say, using his pet name for me, “learn from my mistakes.”
I read these pages among my dad’s clothes, and wept. I hadn’t known that my father, too, lived with that familiar ache for new horizons in his heart, the one that can only be comforted by traveling.
34. Why did the author’s father keep away from his family
A. They weren’t responsible members. B. He didn’t get on well with his wife.
C. Their presence recalled his sad experience. D. They talked behind others’ backs everywhere.
35. What advice did the author’s father give her
A. Writing a journal carefully. B. Travelling more for relaxation.
C. Avoiding following in his footsteps. D. Obeying father’s guidance thoroughly.
36. What made the author end up crying
A Finding her father’s clothes. B. Getting to know her late father.
C. Failing to look for new horizons. D. Knowing her father’s heart disease.
B
Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核)involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
37. What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac
A. Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B. People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C. It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D. It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
38. How did researchers collect evidence for the study
A. By quoting authoritative experts. B. By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C. By researching on a previous theory. D. By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
39. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Benefits of a regular walk in nature. B. The focus of the follow-up research.
C. An appeal for living in urban regions. D. Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
C
In general, the society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they feel desperate as they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting a return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming the social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of all love and of reason — are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
40. By “a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is _________.
A. an essential part of society with irreplaceable functions
B. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
C. an unimportant component of society, though functioning smoothly
D. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
41. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _________.
A they are filled with an overwhelming fear of being unemployed
B. they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest
C. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they lack a sense of independence and productivity
42. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “submissiveness”
A. caution B. obedience C. commitment D. optimism
43. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A To introduce the production mode of our ancestors.
B. To show the problematic situation in society.
C. To argue for full development of human potentials.
D. To help people escape production and consumption.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There’s nothing like family. The people we’re related to by blood and marriage are expected to be our greatest sources of love and support. Too often, however, our interactions with family are filled with misunderstanding and resentment. Those we should know and be known by best, end up feeling like adversaries or strangers.
Family is where our first and strongest emotional memories are made, and that’s where they keep appearing. And this is why emotional intelligence(EQ)succeeds where other efforts at family harmony fail. ____44____ The suggestions offered below are transformed from familiar reasonable advice, to highly effective methods for bringing your family ever closer.
Look to yourself first. A family is a system made up of interdependent individuals, but that doesn’t mean you can blame your family of origin for the way you are today ____45____ When you act on the belief that you have a right and obligation to assert your own emotional needs, your family will notice that your emotional independence benefits not only you, but the whole family, and they may quickly follow your lead.
Recognize that being close doesn’t mean being clones. Sometimes family ties blind us to the uniqueness of those we love. Pride in the family continuum can make it easy to forget that. You can’t be expected to have the same talents as your siblings, even though you may look a lot alike. ____46____
Cherish every stage of life in each family member. No matter how well we understand that it can’t happen, we desperately want Mom and Dad to stay the way they are, and for the kids to stay home forever. ____47____ Accept the natural fear that your parents’ aging evokes but use your emotional awareness and empathy to figure out how you can cherish this moment for its unique qualities. What can you and your parents share now that wasn’t possible in the past Can you keep having fun and make sure everyone still feels useful and worthy in the family support system
____48____ Fully accepting your fear of change can make it easier to ask questions that you may have considered awkward in the past. Maybe your parents are just waiting for your cue. Feel them out. In a flexible, healthy family dynamic, change is just one of the many opportunities you have to enrich one another.
A. Your best hope for fixing any family problem is to attend your own emotional health.
B. You won’t necessarily choose to follow in parent’s footsteps.
C. It’s also important to keep your awareness active with family.
D. The best to accept that fact emotionally, is to embrace change.
E. People all change, and yet many seem to only see change in themselves.
F. If you’re not sure what will work, ask.
G. Active awareness and empathy tell us how to respond to one another’s needs.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节(共4小题;第49、50小题各2分，第51小题3分，第52小题5分;共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If you listen to the stream of articles and podcasts telling us how to become a billionaire in 10 easy steps, you might hold the belief that squeezing ourselves dry each second of the day will bring happiness and success.
But this obsession with productivity is costing us. Even a car doesn’t stay in the same gear the whole time. “We are not machines,” says psychologist Professor Drew Dawson. “Performance declines as a function of time, of task and time of day.”
Instead of moments of boredom, where we might let our minds wander and come up with novel solutions to problems and novel ways of thinking, we seek constant stimulation - and have a lowered tolerance for boredom as a result.
“It leads people to a false assumption that the world’s most successful people are literally making good use of every single minute,” Dawson says. “That’s a myth. We’re not hardwired to act that way as humans, and it’s a good recipe for burnout.”
COVID-19, for a variety of reasons, has led people to question and even opt out of this myth. “Who wants to lie on their deathbed going, ‘I wish I’d been more productive’ ” Dawson says. “Post-COVID, people are starting to say, ‘what am I losing compared to what am I gaining ’”
So, if not more productivity, what should we be aiming for
·Get our priorities straight.
A life spent chasing the state of being able to do everything is less meaningful than a life of focusing on a few things that count. We can reflect on five things that matter most to us and lead a life around them. Once clear on them, we also become clear on where to direct our attention and what to say “no” to.
·Enjoy downtime(停工期)for its own sake
Glorifying productivity can blind us to the value of other parts of our lives, including boredom, connection, creativity and play. But activities in our lives don’t need to always be productive or worthwhile-enjoying an activity is reason enough to spend time on it.
We weren’t meant to be productive all the time, so stop constantly struggling, and start chilling.
49. What does “obsession with productivity” refer to in the passage
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
50. How has COVID-19 changed the situation according to the passage
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
51. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It is more meaningful to focus on a few things that count in life, so we can reflect on five things in our life to say “no” to.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Do you agree with the statement “enjoying an activity is reason enough to spend time on it” Why or why not (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(15分)
注意：不要在作文答题区域之外作答。
53. 假设你是红星中学高二一班班长李华。作为“中轴线文化之旅”活动一部分，年级拟在下周五组织学生参观前门大街，请你用英文给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加该活动，内容包括：
1.介绍活动安排；
2.说明邀请理由；
3.提醒注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：中轴线 The Central Axis
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
