华附、省实、广雅、深中2024届高三四校联考
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 共10页, 满分120分, 考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内, 并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。因笔试不考听力, 试卷从第二大题开始, 试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案;不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
第一部分选择题(共65分)
二、阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Unusual shapes, ambitious designs, new materials and new different styles have come with the modern architecture into construction today. And the world owes some of its strangest buildings to the masterminds of unconventional architects. Here are some of them.
Cubic Houses, Rotterdam, Netherlands
The Cubic Houses are an architectural wonder located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. They were designed and constructed by architect Piet Blom in the 1970s. Blom was asked by Rotterdam town planners to solve the dilemma of building houses on top of a pedestrian bridge. They’re cubes (立方形) situated in different angles over hexagonal poles (柱), so they look like trees and altogether make a forest. There are 38 small cubes and they are all attached to each other.
National Centre for the Performing Arts, China
The National Center for the Performing Arts (NCPA), described as The Giant Egg, is an arts center in Beijing, China. The construction started in December 2001 and it took almost 6 years to complete. The building is surrounded by an artificial lake, seats 5,452 people in three halls and is almost 12,000㎡ in size. As one of the strangest buildings, it was designed by French architect Paul Andreu.
Forest Spiral, Germany
The Forest Spiral is a residential (住宅的) building complex in Darmstadt, Germany. It was designed by Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, and constructed by the Bauverein Darmstadt company. The building was completed in 2000. It’s a really amazing building with a green roof, resembling a spiral(螺旋).
Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada
Habitat 67, a housing complex in Montreal, Canada, was designed by Israeli — Canadian architect Moshe Safdie. Habitat 67 resembles a very interesting arrangement of cubes that kids play with. It looks so original and is a building completely stable and comfortable for living.
1. What makes the four buildings special
A. Their sizes. B. Their functions.
C. Their appearances. D. Their building materials.
2. Which of the following buildings resemble trees
A. The Cubic Houses. B. The NCPA.
C. The Forest Spiral. D. Habitat 67.
3. What do the Forest Spiral and Habitat 67 share
A. They look like cubes. B. They were built for living.
C. They have a green roof. D. They were completed in 2000.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上一些最奇特的建筑。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Unusual shapes, ambitious designs, new materials and new different styles have come with the modern architecture into construction today.(不寻常的形状，雄心勃勃的设计，新材料和新的不同的风格，随着现代建筑进入今天的建设)”可知，这四座建筑的特别之处在于它们不寻常的外表。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Cubic Houses, Rotterdam, Netherlands中的“They’re cubes (立方形) situated in different angles over hexagonal poles (柱), so they look like trees and altogether make a forest. (它们是位于六角形杆上的不同角度的立方体，所以它们看起来像树木，合起来就是一片森林)”可知，荷兰的立体房屋像树 。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Forest Spiral, Germany中的“The Forest Spiral is a residential (住宅的) building complex in Darmstadt, Germany.(森林螺旋是位于德国达姆施塔特的一个住宅建筑群)”和Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada中的“Habitat 67, a housing complex in Montreal, Canada, was designed by Israeli — Canadian architect Moshe Safdie.(Habitat 67是加拿大蒙特利尔的一个住宅综合体，由以色列裔加拿大建筑师Moshe Safdie设计)”可知，森林螺旋和Habitat 67共同之处在于它们都是生活住宅。故选B。
B
Ryan is a good kid. He gets great grades, he plays lacrosse (长曲棍球), and he is well-liked. So Jennifer and her husband didn’t see any reason why their sixth-grade son couldn’t have an Instagram account, until Ryan posted a photo of himself holding an empty beer bottle that his father had just finished. “My husband saw the photo pop up on Ryan’s account and went up the stairs in seconds, demanding that he should take it down,” Jennifer says. “I don’t think my son realized how bad his picture looked. He was trying to be funny, but he’s in sixth grade! Even if he was simply posing, that picture was inappropriate.”
With the popularity of photo-sharing site Instagram, it’s easy for parents to have a false sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, Instagram is only for posting pictures and with the 13+age requirement and privacy feature, so it seems like an almost harmless site for children. How much trouble could they stir up But that’s not the fact.
Shockingly, some kids are paying for attention on social media. When Paula Pryor found a mysterious $700 charge on her credit card, the last thing she suspected it to be was payment to a company that helped acquire “likes” on Instagram pictures. “My son Hayden thought it was only ten dollars, but it was ten dollars per ‘like’,” says Pryor.
Often, it’s not your own teen that’s cause for concern — it’s someone else’s kid. Megan Koster couldn’t figure out why her daughter Delaney suddenly became so anxious about whether her panty line could be seen through her jeans. Finally, Delaney said that she was worried someone would take a photo and post it on Instagram. “I don’t think I would have survived middle school if sites like this had existed back then,” Koster says.
4. What made Jennifer think her son Ryan could have an Instagram account
A. He gained popularity in school. B. He was skilled at using Instagram.
C. He showed interest in taking photos. D. He was old enough and behaved well.
5. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instagram accounts. B. Social media. C. Pictures. D. Children.
6 Why did Pryor’s son pay the company $700
A. To obtain the picture he liked. B. To pay attention to social media.
C. To get his photos noticed and liked. D. To pay the charge on his credit card.
7. What’s the text mainly about
A. Teen’s problems with Instagram. B. Inappropriate pictures from children.
C. The influence of the Internet on young users. D. Concerns for the Internet security for children.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年使用Instagram所带来的一些问题。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Ryan is a good kid. He gets great grades, he plays lacrosse (长曲棍球), and he is well-liked. So Jennifer and her husband didn’t see any reason why their sixth-grade son couldn’t have an Instagram account, until Ryan posted a photo of himself holding an empty beer bottle that his father had just finished.(赖安是个好孩子。他成绩很好，他打长曲棍球，他很受欢迎。所以詹妮弗和她的丈夫不明白为什么他们六年级的儿子不能有一个Instagram账户，直到瑞恩发了一张他拿着一个空啤酒瓶的照片，他的父亲刚刚喝完)”可知，Ryan年龄够大并且表现得很好让Jennifer认为她的儿子Ryan可以有一个Instagram账号。故选D。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Unlike Facebook or Twitter, Instagram is only for posting pictures and with the 13+age requirement and privacy feature, so it seems like an almost harmless site for children.”可知，与Facebook或Twitter不同，Instagram仅用于发布照片，并且有13岁以上的年龄要求和隐私功能，因此对儿童来说，它似乎是一个几乎无害的网站。由此可知，“他们能挑起多少麻烦？”中的they指的是“孩子们”。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When Paula Pryor found a mysterious $700 charge on her credit card, the last thing she suspected it to be was payment to a company that helped acquire “likes” on Instagram pictures.(当宝拉·普赖尔在自己的信用卡上发现一笔700美元的神秘费用时，她万万没想到这是支付给一家帮助获得Instagram照片“赞”的公司的款项)”可知，普赖尔的儿子付给公司700美元是为了让他的照片受到关注和喜欢。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“With the popularity of photo-sharing site Instagram, it’s easy for parents to have a false sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, Instagram is only for posting pictures and with the 13+age requirement and privacy feature, so it seems like an almost harmless site for children. How much trouble could they stir up But that’s not the fact.(随着照片分享网站Instagram的普及，家长们很容易产生一种虚假的安全感。与Facebook或Twitter不同，Instagram仅用于发布照片，并且有13岁以上的年龄要求和隐私功能，因此对儿童来说，它似乎是一个几乎无害的网站。他们能挑起多少麻烦？但事实并非如此)”可知，文章主要说明了青少年使用Instagram所带来的一些问题。故选A。
C
Is there actual evidence that a coin toss — the act of spinning a coin in the air with your thumb and catching it in your hand — tends to favor one side over the other Or is a coin flip 50/50 A new study questions the fairness of the flip.
One side of the coin is, in fact, more likely to come up than the other, according to a team of scientists led by University of Amsterdam PhD candidate Franti ek Barto . Their study, which is still undergoing peer review, collected and analyzed the results of 350, 757 coin flips in 46 different currencies and registered that the coins landed on the same side they started on 51% of the time. This research was done in an effort to confirm a hypothesis (假设) proposed earlier by Stanford University statistics professor Persi Diaconis and his team. According to that theory, “vigorously flipped coins tend to come up the same way they started.”
According to Diaconis’s team, when people flip an ordinary coin, they introduce a small degree of “precession”, meaning a change in the direction of the axis (轴) of turning throughout a coin’s track. Consequently, the coin tends to spend more time in the air with the initial side facing up. This makes a coin flip not quite 50/50.
In 2007, Diaconis’s team estimated the odds of a “same-side outcome” as approximately 51%. Nearly a decade and a half later, Bartos and his team found this very result. They published a preliminary report stating, “Our data lend strong support to the previous hypothesis — The coins landed on the same side more often than not. ”
Moreover, this was true for both sides of the coin and for all of the different coins tossed. As Diaconis stated back in 1986, “The more you think about randomness, the less random things become. But sometimes, you can take advantage of a lack of randomness.” Indeed, when it comes to flipping a coin, the quickest shortcut to making your own luck might just be calling it literally as you see it.
8. What’s the purpose of conducting the study
A. To find evidence for the fairness of a coin toss.
B. To prove an assumption put forward years ago.
C. To state the definite chance of one side of a coin coming up.
D. To analyze the result of over 300, 000 coin flips in different currencies.
9. What does the underlined word “precession” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Progressing. B. Spinning. C. Bouncing. D. Dropping.
10. Which of the following may Diaconis agree with
A. There is no need to consider randomness too much.
B. We have to make good use of a lack of randomness.
C. Whatever coin it is, randomness turns out to be fair ultimately.
D. The harder we flip a coin, the greater chance we will gain its randomness.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 A Perfect Randomness.
B. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 A Mysterious Guess.
C. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 Think Twice!
D. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 You Bet!
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的研究对抛硬币的公平性提出了质疑，并通过研究发现抛硬币的两面出现的概率并不是50/50随机的公平，硬币落在开始时的同一侧的概率更高。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“This research was done in an effort to confirm a hypothesis (假设) proposed earlier by Stanford University statistics professor Persi Diaconis and his team. (此次研究是为了证实斯坦福大学统计学教授Persi Diaconis和他的团队早先提出的假设。根据这一理论，‘用力抛掷的硬币往往会以与开始时相同的方式出现。’)”可知，这项研究的目的是为了证明斯坦福大学统计学教授Persi Diaconis和他的团队早些年提出的假设。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“According to Diaconis’s team, when people flip an ordinary coin, they introduce a small degree of “precession”, meaning a change in the direction of the axis (轴) of turning throughout a coin’s track.(根据Diaconis团队的说法，当人们抛一枚普通的硬币时，他们会引入一个小幅度的“precession”，这意味着在硬币的整个轨迹中，旋转轴的方向会发生变化。)”中的“meaning a change in the direction of the axis (轴) of turning throughout a coin’s track.”以及下文“ Consequently, the coin tends to spend more time in the air with the initial side facing up. (因此，硬币倾向于花更多的时间在空中与最初的一面朝上。)”可知，人们抛硬币时会带入小幅度的“旋进”，整个硬币的轨迹中旋转轴的方向有一个变化，precession表达的意思是“旋进”，与spinning表达的意思相近。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As Diaconis stated back in 1986, “The more you think about randomness, the less random things become. But sometimes, you can take advantage of a lack of randomness.” (正如Diaconis在1986年所言：‘你对随机性思考得越多，随机性就越少。但有时候，你可以利用游戏缺乏随机性的优势。’)”可知，Diaconis认为对随机性思考得越多，随机性就越少，但有时候也可以利用缺乏随机性；由此可知，Diaconis可能同意A选项“There is no need to consider randomness too much.(没有必要过多考虑随机性。)”。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Is there actual evidence that a coin toss — the act of spinning a coin in the air with your thumb and catching it in your hand — tends to favor one side over the other Or is a coin flip 50/50 A new study questions the fairness of the flip.(是否有实际证据表明抛硬币——用拇指在空中旋转硬币并用手抓住硬币的行为——倾向于一方而不是另一方 或者掷硬币是50/50？一项新的研究对抛硬币公平性提出了质疑。)”以及第二段“One side of the coin is, in fact, more likely to come up than the other, according to a team of scientists led by University of Amsterdam PhD candidate Franti ek Barto . Their study, which is still undergoing peer review, collected and analyzed the results of 350, 757 coin flips in 46 different currencies and registered that the coins landed on the same side they started on 51% of the time. This research was done in an effort to confirm a hypothesis (假设) proposed earlier by Stanford University statistics professor Persi Diaconis and his team. According to that theory, “vigorously flipped coins tend to come up the same way they started.”(阿姆斯特丹大学博士候选人Franti ek bartoski领导的一组科学家表示，事实上，硬币的一面比另一面更容易出现。他们的研究收集并分析了用46种不同货币投掷350,757枚硬币的结果，发现51%的硬币落在开始时的同一侧。此次研究是为了验证斯坦福大学统计学教授Persi Diaconis和他的团队早先提出的假设(假设)。根据这一理论，“用力抛掷的硬币往往会以与开始时相同的方式出现。”)”可知，本文主要介绍一项新的研究对抛硬币的公平性提出了质疑，并通过研究发现抛硬币的两面出现的概率并不是50/50随机的公平，硬币的一面比另一面更容易出现；由此可知，C选项“Is a Coin Flip 50/50 Think Twice!(掷硬币是50/50吗？三思而后行！)”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。
D
Wild turkeys are a familiar sight throughout New Hampshire, where flocks wander along roadsides and through backyards.
In 1975, Ted Walski, the biologist for New Hampshire Fish and Game, released 25 turkeys from the back of his truck in Walpole, a town in the western part of the state. It was part of a reintroduction effort to bring back a species that had been wiped out in New England before the Civil War, where it used to suffer heavy blows — forests vanished for unknown reasons and people got their own way to hunt.
“Originally, I never thought it would get beyond a few thousand turkeys,” says Walski, who spent nearly 50 years working with the birds before retiring in 2019.
Instead, New Hampshire’s turkey population has exploded beyond all expectations, now around 45,000 animals — the highest since the reintroduction, and probably the most the state can approach. Reintroduction efforts in neighboring states and around the country have created a similar story — there are 70,000 wild turkeys in Maine, up to 50,000 in Vermont, and more than 30,000 in Massachusetts-all of which total up to about six million animals reproducing in all states but Alaska.
So what made the wild turkey one of the most successful wildlife reintroduction programs in American history Most likely, it’s due to the bird’s surprising and unexpected ability to live among humans. In the suburbs, turkeys can take advantage of edge habitat, like woods and open spaces, and dine on a never-ending buffet of food provided by people — particularly birdseed. Besides, it doesn’t hurt that native predators, such as wolves and cougars, have largely disappeared from most parts of the turkey’s range.
But everyone is not thankful for the New England turkey boom. The infamously bold birds are troublesome, disturbing traffic and pecking at front doors, as well as potentially dangerous. In 2019, a 35-year-old pregnant woman was attacked by turkeys on the streets of Cambridge, Massachusetts — twice. As conflicts between these 20-pound birds and people are on the rise, particularly during the spring breeding season, wildlife officials are trying to cope with the reality that the turkey is here to stay.
12. What had made turkeys extinct in New England before the Civil War
A. Disappearing forests and unrestricted hunting.
B. Ted Walski’s reintroduction policy and its effects.
C. Turkeys’ inability to reproduce and coexist with humans.
D. Native predators’ occupation of most parts of turkeys’ range.
13. According to the text, which of the following statements is true about wild turkeys
A. Their explosive population is completely out of the control of New Hampshire.
B. The number of wild turkeys amounts to around six million in Alaska.
C. Their abilities to reproduce fall short of people’s expectations.
D. They feed on adequate food from human beings.
14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A It is urgent to protect wild turkeys from being attacked.
B. Turkeys are posing a potential threat to natural environment.
C. Nobody appreciates the increase in turkeys due to their evil deeds.
D. Measures will be taken to tackle conflicts between turkeys and humans.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. New England witnesses a turkey boom but not all appreciate it.
B. The wildlife reintroduction program of wild turkeys is quite successful.
C. Wild turkeys’ sharp increase does harm to human beings and environment.
D. There is a contradictory relationship between wild turkeys and human beings.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了内战前森林消失和不受限制的狩猎使火鸡在新英格兰灭绝，但是如今火鸡与人类生活在一起，造成了许多冲突。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“It was part of a reintroduction effort to bring back a species that had been wiped out in New England before the Civil War, where it used to suffer heavy blows — forests vanished for unknown reasons and people got their own way to hunt.(这是重新引进一种物种的努力的一部分，这种物种在内战前在新英格兰灭绝，在那里它曾经遭受沉重的打击——森林因不明原因消失，人们随意的狩猎方式)”可知，内战前森林消失和不受限制的狩猎使火鸡在新英格兰灭绝。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the suburbs, turkeys can take advantage of edge habitat, like woods and open spaces, and dine on a never-ending buffet of food provided by people — particularly birdseed.(在郊区，火鸡可以利用边缘栖息地，如树林和开阔的空间，并以人类提供的永无止境的食物自助餐为食——尤其是鸟食)”可知，D选项“它们以人类提供的充足食物为食”正确。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As conflicts between these 20-pound birds and people are on the rise, particularly during the spring breeding season, wildlife officials are trying to cope with the reality that the turkey is here to stay.(随着这些20磅重的鸟与人类之间的冲突不断增加，特别是在春季繁殖季节，野生动物官员正试图应对火鸡留在这里的现实)”可推知，将采取措施解决火鸡和人类之间的冲突。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But everyone is not thankful for the New England turkey boom. The infamously bold birds are troublesome, disturbing traffic and pecking at front doors, as well as potentially dangerous. In 2019, a 35-year-old pregnant woman was attacked by turkeys on the streets of Cambridge, Massachusetts — twice.(但并不是所有人都对新英格兰的火鸡热潮心存感激。这种臭名昭著的大胆的鸟是麻烦的，扰乱交通，啄前门，以及潜在的危险。2019年，一名35岁的孕妇在马萨诸塞州剑桥街头被火鸡袭击了两次)”结合文章主要说明了内战前森林消失和不受限制的狩猎使火鸡在新英格兰灭绝，但是如今火鸡与人类生活在一起，造成了许多冲突。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是新英格兰见证了火鸡的繁荣，但并不是所有人都欣赏它。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people have a habit of starting projects but not finishing them. If you’re one of them and want to finish what you start, first of all, you must be careful to choose what you want to do. When you start on a project, make sure that it’s something you’re interested in. If you choose to do something you’re half-interested in, you’ll stop it halfway. ____16____ So if you are not sure whether this is something you really want to do, try it out on a small scale and see if it’s what you’re interested in.
____17____ Faced with temptations, ask yourself what’s more important to you — going out for the weekend or working on what you’ve planned to do The former might bring you some joy, but the latter is what truly gives you satisfaction. On the other hand, don’t try to be perfect. ____18____ As a result, you’ll put off your work.
Record your progress. You can create a project sheet that records your goals and your present state. And then review your progress every week. ____19____ What’s your task for the next week This will encourage you to work towards your final goal.
To avoid getting discouraged with all the things that need to be done, celebrate what you’ve done so far. Remember: everything you’ve done so far is an achievement! Give yourself a huge pat on the back and a big hug. ____20____ When you’re ready, go on with what you’re doing.
A. They will lose heart and give up finally.
B. What percent of your goal have you achieved
C. Otherwise, you’ll be afraid of making mistakes.
D. Whatever you’ve planned, never change it easily.
E. Take the opportunity to get back your strength and energy.
F. Plan your time and resources accordingly and include them in your schedule.
G. This will lead to a waste of time and energy that could be better used elsewhere.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何确保自己完成自己的计划或目标提出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If you choose to do something you’re half-interested in, you’ll stop it halfway.(如果你选择做一些你不太感兴趣的事情，你会半途而废)”可知，本句承接上文说明半途而废的坏处。故G选项“这将导致时间和精力的浪费，这些时间和精力本可以用在更好的地方”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Faced with temptations, ask yourself what’s more important to you — going out for the weekend or working on what you’ve planned to do The former might bring you some joy, but the latter is what truly gives you satisfaction.(面对诱惑，问问自己哪个对你来说更重要——周末出去玩还是完成你计划好的事情？前者可能会给你带来一些快乐，但后者才是真正让你满足的)”可知，后文提到了完成计划好的事情可以带来满足，此处是建议不要改变自己的计划。故D选项“无论你的计划是什么，永远不要轻易改变”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“On the other hand, don’t try to be perfect.(另一方面，不要追求完美)”可知，本句说明不要追求完美的原因。故C选项“否则，你会害怕犯错误”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据后文“What’s your task for the next week This will encourage you to work towards your final goal.(你下周的任务是什么？这会鼓励你朝着你的最终目标努力)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是针对自己的计划和目标的设问句。故B选项“你的目标实现了百分之多少？”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Give yourself a huge pat on the back and a big hug.(拍拍自己的背，给自己一个大大的拥抱)”以及后文呢“When you’re ready, go on with what you’re doing.(当你准备好了，继续你正在做的事情)”可知，给自己拥抱，安慰自己可以帮助自己准备好，即获得休息的机会。故E选项“抓住这个机会恢复体力和精力”符合语境，故选E。
三、语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain ____21____ antiques. An airline manager ____22____ to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may ____23____ it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 ____24____ so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is ____25____ and pay both of them the lower number with a ____26____ and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for ____27____ and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write
____28____, Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly ____29____. Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this ____30____ will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of ____31____, when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the ____32____ price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, ____33____ this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll ____34____ the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger ____35____ Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.
21. A. precious B. identical C. missing D. various
22. A. reminded B. enabled C. tasked D. convinced
23. A. value B. highlight C. ignore D. overstate
24. A. at random B. precisely C. with caution D. separately
25. A. dreaming B. cheating C. objecting D. complaining
26. A. bonus B. change C. bill D. credit
27. A. cooperation B. honesty C. selflessness D. intelligence
28. A. Generally B. Surprisingly C. Initially D. Specifically
29 A. foolish B. greedy C. thoughtful D. generous
30. A. experience B. message C. conclusion D. insight
31. A. reasoning B. compromise C. guessing D. struggle
32. A. fair B. high C. real D. low
33. A. confirm B. warn C. challenge D. defeat
34. A. give way to B. get back C. take control of D. benefit from
35. A. compensation B. tip C. investment D. fee
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过让两个丢失古董的乘客分别写下古董的价格一事告诉我们，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，其倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。A. precious宝贵的；B. identical相同的；C. missing找不到的；D. various各种各样的。根据上文“Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain”中also可知，两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。后文对古董的估价也能看出来东西是一样的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. reminded提醒；B. enabled使能够；C. tasked委派任务；D. convinced说服。根据后文“to compensate for their loss figures”指经理被委派处理赔偿他们的损失，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. value重视；B. highlight突出；C. ignore忽视；D. overstate夸大。根据上文“simply asking them for the price is hopeless”可知，问价格没有用的原因是会夸大古董的价格，想得到更多赔偿。故选D。
24题详解】
考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：相反，他让他们把价格分别写在2到100美元之间，这样他们就不能互相谈判了。A. at random随机地；B. precisely精确地；C. with caution慎重地；D. separately分别地。根据后文“so that they cannot negotiate with each other”可知，想要他们不能互相谈判，就需要让他们分别写下价格。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. dreaming梦想；B. cheating欺骗；C. objecting反对；D. complaining投诉。根据上文“If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is”可知，如果价格写的不一样，那么他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. bonus奖金；B. change改变；C. bill账单；D. credit信用。根据后文“the person writing the lower number will get $2”可知，价格写低的人会得到奖金，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. cooperation合作；B. honesty诚实；C. selflessness无私；D. intelligence智慧。根据上文“the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for”给写低价格的人奖金的原因是诚实，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. Generally通常；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Initially首先；D. Specifically特别。根据后文“Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101.(很快，她突然想到，如果她写99，她会多赚一点——101美元)”可知，露西后来改变了想法，即她最初想写尽可能大的数字。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly”可知，如果皮特同样贪婪，露西将获得100美元。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. conclusion结论；D. insight想法，洞悉。根据后文“will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too”可知，此处指皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. reasoning推理；B. compromise妥协；C. guessing猜测；D. struggle努力。根据上文“What numbers will Lucy and Pete write (露西和皮特会写什么数字？)”可知，上文论述的是两人写价格的推理过程。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. fair公平的；B. high高的；C. real真实的；D. low低的。根据上文“when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the”可知，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。故选C。
33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。A. confirm确认；B. warn警告；C. challenge挑战；D. defeat打败。后文提到在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益，即经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。A. give way to让步；B. get back报复；C. take control of控制；D. benefit from受益于。根据上文“either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll”可知，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。A. compensation补偿；B. tip诀窍；C. investment投资；D. fee费用。根据后文“Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.(基于此，研究人员得出结论，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，这种倾向倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略)”可知，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。故选A。
第二部分非选择题(共55分)
三、语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese medicine ____36____ (practise) for around 3,000 years in the Far East, but is relatively recent in the West. People are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to treatments such as yoga and acupuncture (针灸) ____37____ (add) to, or sometimes even replace, Western medicine.
An event in my life changed my attitude towards acupuncture. After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months, I ____38____ (feel) mentally and physically exhausted, nearing my breaking point. A trip ____39____ my doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any ____40____ (relieve) from my condition. A friend suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. With a fear of needles, I was reluctant to take his advice, ____41____ by this time I was so tired that I was ready to try almost anything.
After another nearly ____42____ (sleep) night, I turned up in the local alternative health centre and met the only acupuncturist in my area. By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out. I found this ____43____ (extreme) impressive and amazing since he hadn’t asked me ____44____ I had come to see him. He then inserted a fine needle in my right foot, and I fell asleep immediately. The whole experience was like a miracle never _____45_____ (imagine) in my wildest dreams!
【答案】36. has been practised
37. to add 38. felt##was feeling
39. to 40. relief
41. but 42. sleepless
43. extremely
44. why 45. imagined
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者失眠了几个月，感到身心俱疲，虽然尝试了各种方法，但却没有效果。于是作者不得不接受一个朋友的建议，去看针灸师，结果针灸师通过把脉、观察舌头、询问饮食和生活方式，就判断出作者的病情，并且施针让作者入睡，作者感到非常神奇，由此改变了对针灸的看法。
【36题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：传统中医在远东已经实践了大约3000年，但在西方相对较晚。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“for around 3,000 years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，practise“实践”和主语Traditional Chinese medicine之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been practised。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们越来越担心药物的副作用，并转向瑜伽和针灸等治疗方法，以补充，有时甚至取代西医。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，应用add的不定式形式。故填to add。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：失眠几个月后，我感到身心俱疲，快要崩溃了。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months”可知，此处可理解为叙述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，空处用feel的过去式形式，或理解为过去在某一时间段内正在发生的动作，时态用过去进行时，且主语是I，be动词应用was。故填felt/was feeling。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：我去看医生，每晚喝啤酒和威士忌，都没能缓解我的病情。根据“A trip”和“my doctor”可推知，空处应用介词to和trip搭配，a trip to表示“去……”，句中表示“去看医生”。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：我去看医生，每晚喝啤酒和威士忌，都没能缓解我的病情。分析句子可知，空处作bring的宾语，被any修饰，名词relief“缓解”符合题意，为不可数名词。故填relief。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于害怕打针，我不愿意接受他的建议，但这时我太累了，几乎准备尝试任何东西。空处前后是完整的句子，上文表示“我不愿意接受他的建议”，下文表示“我几乎准备尝试任何东西”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but连接上下文。故填but。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在又一个几乎无眠的夜晚之后，我来到了当地非传统的健康中心，遇到了我所在地区唯一的针灸师。分析句子可知，空处是修饰night的定语，结合上文“After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months”可知，形容词sleepless“失眠的，无眠的”符合题意。故填sleepless。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他没有问我为什么来见他。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词impressive，副词extremely“极度，非常”符合题意。故填extremely。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他没有问我为什么来见他。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作asked的宾语，结合上文“By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out.”可知，从句中缺少原因状语，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：整个经历就像一个奇迹，我做梦也想不到！分析句子可知，空处作miracle的后置定语，是非谓语动词，imagine“想象”和miracle逻辑上是被动关系，且此处侧重描述miracle的性质，应用imagine的过去分词形式。故填imagined。
四、写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Jerry写信邀请你寒假期间去伦敦游玩，你因故无法前往，请你回信表达歉意，内容包括：
1. 谢绝的理由；
2. 提议暑假去拜访他。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jerry,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jerry,
Thanks for inviting me to London in the coming winter holiday. I’d love to visit you, but I’m sorry that I really cannot make it.
As you know, I am in Senior Three this year, which means I am in the middle of preparing for the college entrance examination to be held in the coming June. Therefore, I’m determined to make the best use of every minute I have, the holiday included, to improve my academic performance.
Additionally, the winter holiday lasts only for two weeks, a bit short for a trip abroad, so I’m considering rescheduling the trip for the coming summer holiday. What do you think of this plan
Once again, I’d like to express my sincere apology. Looking forward to meeting you in London!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国朋友Jerry写信邀请你寒假期间去伦敦游玩，你因故无法前往给他回信表达歉意并说明自己的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
因此：therefore → hence
另外：additionally → in addition/besides
考虑：consider → think about
衷心的：sincere → heartfelt
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：What do you think of this plan
拓展句：What do you think of the plan I put forward
【点睛】[高分句型1] As you know, I am in Senior Three this year, which means I am in the middle of preparing for the college entrance examination to be held in the coming June.(运用了关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句和关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, I’m determined to make the best use of every minute I have, the holiday included, to improve my academic performance. (运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One of my teachers once asked my class what our favourite memory was. She was asking for the moment in which “you felt the best, you felt that you had the world in the palm of your hand. ” Some described grand awards; others described winning a tournament. But I felt the best when I first learned how to ride my bike at thirteen. I didn’t mind my classmate’s stares and snickering, because I knew there was more to the story.
My brother and I shared a typical brotherly relationship: we couldn’t stand each other. Or, to be honest, he couldn’t stand me. I hero-worshipped him. My clothes mysteriously looked like his, and even my words tended to mimic those I heard from him. Many times, I even wanted to literally follow my brother, sobbing every time I was prevented from hanging around with him. Needless to say, I was an annoyance to him. Any sort of conversation we had usually degraded to fighting, and try as I might, my brother usually won.
After a while, I stopped trying to impress him and learned to be totally indifferent; perhaps the silent treatment would get more approval. I was wrong. We soon fell into a sad pattern—I avoided him, he ignored me, and deep inside, it hurt. Indifferent or hostile, he was only a brother in name. So that’s how it was between us. I believed we would forever be apart, two housemates without conversation, two strangers without warmth. And nothing more.
I still remember the day I learned to ride a bike. I had received it that Christmas, which was great, until I realized I had no idea how to ride it. My mom was too busy and had long since abandoned any attempt to teach me. I decided to teach myself to ride, a little bit each day, but in vain. On that fateful day, it was no different. I was coming to the end of my daily one-hour torture, and I was so frustrated that I threw my bike aside and began to cry.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I guess that was what caused my brother to come outside.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
An hour later, I was showing off my riding skill to my mom.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
I guess that was what caused my brother to come outside. I turned my face away, fearing he would tease me. Unexpectedly, he gently picked my bike up and gestured me over, “Get on it.” His determined look smoothed away my doubts. As he gripped the back seat, I got on the bike, took a deep breath and started to pedal, holding tightly onto the handlebars. During the whole process, we didn’t talk much. He simply offered a few necessary instructions at times. But never once did he shout at me, nor did he let me fall. His patient teaching proved efficient and I gradually got the hang of riding.
An hour later, I was showing off my riding skill to my mom. She was amazed to see me riding steadily around the yard. While sharing my learning experience with her in excitement, I noticed my brother standing at a distance smiling at me. I cast him a grateful look and he nodded and then walked back into the house. From that day on, the sad pattern between us began to change. There were occasional conversations between us, filled with less embarrassment but increasing concern. I could feel a different kind of brotherly relationship slowly developing between us. I would always treasure that day as my favourite memory, the moment when I felt the best.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了作者最美好的回忆——哥哥教自己骑自行车的经历。作者和哥哥从小关系不好，很少交流，但由于父母忙于工作，无法教作者骑自行车，哥哥却主动教会了作者骑自行车，兄弟俩的关系也开始变得融洽。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我想这就是我哥哥出来的原因。”可知，第一段可描写哥哥教作者骑自行车的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“一个小时后，我向我妈妈展示了我的骑术。”可知，第二段可描写作者向哥哥表示感谢，兄弟俩的关系也逐渐变得融洽。
2.续写线索：回忆往事——兄弟嫌隙——学习骑车——哥哥帮助——充满感谢——关系缓和
3.词汇激活
行为类
①嘲笑：tease/make fun of/mock
②消除：smooth away/remove/dispel
③摔倒：fall/fall over/tumble
情绪类
①惊讶的：amazed/surprised
②感激的：grateful/thankful/appreciative
【点睛】[高分句型1] But never once did he shout at me, nor did he let me fall.（运用了否定副词提前的部分倒装句）
[高分句型2]I would always treasure that day as my favourite memory, the moment when I felt the best.（运用了when引导的定语从句）华附、省实、广雅、深中2024届高三四校联考
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分, 共10页, 满分120分, 考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内, 并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。因笔试不考听力, 试卷从第二大题开始, 试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其它答案;不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答, 答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动, 先划掉原来的答案, 然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
第一部分选择题(共65分)
二、阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Unusual shapes, ambitious designs, new materials and new different styles have come with the modern architecture into construction today. And the world owes some of its strangest buildings to the masterminds of unconventional architects. Here are some of them.
Cubic Houses, Rotterdam, Netherlands
The Cubic Houses are an architectural wonder located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. They were designed and constructed by architect Piet Blom in the 1970s. Blom was asked by Rotterdam town planners to solve the dilemma of building houses on top of a pedestrian bridge. They’re cubes (立方形) situated in different angles over hexagonal poles (柱), so they look like trees and altogether make a forest. There are 38 small cubes and they are all attached to each other.
National Centre for the Performing Arts, China
The National Center for the Performing Arts (NCPA), described as The Giant Egg, is an arts center in Beijing, China. The construction started in December 2001 and it took almost 6 years to complete. The building is surrounded by an artificial lake, seats 5,452 people in three halls and is almost 12,000㎡ in size. As one of the strangest buildings, it was designed by French architect Paul Andreu.
Forest Spiral, Germany
The Forest Spiral is a residential (住宅的) building complex in Darmstadt, Germany. It was designed by Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, and constructed by the Bauverein Darmstadt company. The building was completed in 2000. It’s a really amazing building with a green roof, resembling a spiral(螺旋).
Habitat 67, Montreal, Canada
Habitat 67, a housing complex in Montreal, Canada, was designed by Israeli — Canadian architect Moshe Safdie. Habitat 67 resembles a very interesting arrangement of cubes that kids play with. It looks so original and is a building completely stable and comfortable for living.
1. What makes the four buildings special
A. Their sizes. B. Their functions.
C. Their appearances. D. Their building materials.
2. Which of the following buildings resemble trees
A. The Cubic Houses. B. The NCPA.
C. The Forest Spiral. D. Habitat 67.
3. What do the Forest Spiral and Habitat 67 share
A. They look like cubes. B. They were built for living.
C. They have a green roof. D. They were completed in 2000.
B
Ryan is a good kid. He gets great grades, he plays lacrosse (长曲棍球), and he is well-liked. So Jennifer and her husband didn’t see any reason why their sixth-grade son couldn’t have an Instagram account, until Ryan posted a photo of himself holding an empty beer bottle that his father had just finished. “My husband saw the photo pop up on Ryan’s account and went up the stairs in seconds, demanding that he should take it down,” Jennifer says. “I don’t think my son realized how bad his picture looked. He was trying to be funny, but he’s in sixth grade! Even if he was simply posing, that picture was inappropriate.”
With the popularity of photo-sharing site Instagram, it’s easy for parents to have a false sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, Instagram is only for posting pictures and with the 13+age requirement and privacy feature, so it seems like an almost harmless site for children. How much trouble could they stir up But that’s not the fact.
Shockingly, some kids are paying for attention on social media. When Paula Pryor found a mysterious $700 charge on her credit card, the last thing she suspected it to be was payment to a company that helped acquire “likes” on Instagram pictures. “My son Hayden thought it was only ten dollars, but it was ten dollars per ‘like’,” says Pryor.
Often it’s not your own teen that’s cause for concern — it’s someone else’s kid. Megan Koster couldn’t figure out why her daughter Delaney suddenly became so anxious about whether her panty line could be seen through her jeans. Finally, Delaney said that she was worried someone would take a photo and post it on Instagram. “I don’t think I would have survived middle school if sites like this had existed back then,” Koster says.
4. What made Jennifer think her son Ryan could have an Instagram account
A. He gained popularity in school. B. He was skilled at using Instagram.
C. He showed interest in taking photos. D. He was old enough and behaved well.
5. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instagram accounts. B. Social media. C. Pictures. D. Children.
6. Why did Pryor’s son pay the company $700
A. To obtain the picture he liked. B. To pay attention to social media.
C. To get his photos noticed and liked. D. To pay the charge on his credit card.
7. What’s the text mainly about
A. Teen’s problems with Instagram. B. Inappropriate pictures from children.
C. The influence of the Internet on young users. D. Concerns for the Internet security for children.
C
Is there actual evidence that a coin toss — the act of spinning a coin in the air with your thumb and catching it in your hand — tends to favor one side over the other Or is a coin flip 50/50 A new study questions the fairness of the flip.
One side of the coin is, in fact, more likely to come up than the other, according to a team of scientists led by University of Amsterdam PhD candidate Franti ek Barto . Their study, which is still undergoing peer review, collected and analyzed the results of 350, 757 coin flips in 46 different currencies and registered that the coins landed on the same side they started on 51% of the time. This research was done in an effort to confirm a hypothesis (假设) proposed earlier by Stanford University statistics professor Persi Diaconis and his team. According to that theory, “vigorously flipped coins tend to come up the same way they started.”
According to Diaconis’s team, when people flip an ordinary coin, they introduce a small degree of “precession”, meaning a change in the direction of the axis (轴) of turning throughout a coin’s track. Consequently, the coin tends to spend more time in the air with the initial side facing up. This makes a coin flip not quite 50/50.
In 2007, Diaconis’s team estimated the odds of a “same-side outcome” as approximately 51%. Nearly a decade and a half later, Bartos and his team found this very result. They published a preliminary report stating, “Our data lend strong support to the previous hypothesis — The coins landed on the same side more often than not. ”
Moreover, this was true for both sides of the coin and for all of the different coins tossed. As Diaconis stated back in 1986, “The more you think about randomness, the less random things become. But sometimes, you can take advantage of a lack of randomness.” Indeed, when it comes to flipping a coin, the quickest shortcut to making your own luck might just be calling it literally as you see it.
8. What’s the purpose of conducting the study
A. To find evidence for the fairness of a coin toss.
B. To prove an assumption put forward years ago.
C. To state the definite chance of one side of a coin coming up.
D. To analyze the result of over 300, 000 coin flips in different currencies.
9. What does the underlined word “precession” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Progressing. B. Spinning. C. Bouncing. D. Dropping.
10. Which of the following may Diaconis agree with
A. There is no need to consider randomness too much.
B. We have to make good use of a lack of randomness.
C. Whatever coin it is, randomness turns out to be fair ultimately.
D. The harder we flip a coin, the greater chance we will gain its randomness.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 A Perfect Randomness.
B. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 A Mysterious Guess.
C. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 Think Twice!
D. Is a Coin Flip 50/50 You Bet!
D
Wild turkeys are a familiar sight throughout New Hampshire, where flocks wander along roadsides and through backyards.
In 1975 Ted Walski, the biologist for New Hampshire Fish and Game, released 25 turkeys from the back of his truck in Walpole, a town in the western part of the state. It was part of a reintroduction effort to bring back a species that had been wiped out in New England before the Civil War, where it used to suffer heavy blows — forests vanished for unknown reasons and people got their own way to hunt.
“Originally, I never thought it would get beyond a few thousand turkeys,” says Walski, who spent nearly 50 years working with the birds before retiring in 2019.
Instead, New Hampshire’s turkey population has exploded beyond all expectations, now around 45,000 animals — the highest since the reintroduction, and probably the most the state can approach. Reintroduction efforts in neighboring states and around the country have created a similar story — there are 70,000 wild turkeys in Maine, up to 50,000 in Vermont, and more than 30,000 in Massachusetts-all of which total up to about six million animals reproducing in all states but Alaska.
So what made the wild turkey one of the most successful wildlife reintroduction programs in American history Most likely, it’s due to the bird’s surprising and unexpected ability to live among humans. In the suburbs, turkeys can take advantage of edge habitat, like woods and open spaces, and dine on a never-ending buffet of food provided by people — particularly birdseed. Besides, it doesn’t hurt that native predators, such as wolves and cougars, have largely disappeared from most parts of the turkey’s range.
But everyone is not thankful for the New England turkey boom. The infamously bold birds are troublesome, disturbing traffic and pecking at front doors, as well as potentially dangerous. In 2019, a 35-year-old pregnant woman was attacked by turkeys on the streets of Cambridge, Massachusetts — twice. As conflicts between these 20-pound birds and people are on the rise, particularly during the spring breeding season, wildlife officials are trying to cope with the reality that the turkey is here to stay.
12. What had made turkeys extinct in New England before the Civil War
A. Disappearing forests and unrestricted hunting.
B. Ted Walski’s reintroduction policy and its effects.
C. Turkeys’ inability to reproduce and coexist with humans.
D. Native predators’ occupation of most parts of turkeys’ range.
13. According to the text, which of the following statements is true about wild turkeys
A. Their explosive population is completely out of the control of New Hampshire.
B. The number of wild turkeys amounts to around six million in Alaska.
C. Their abilities to reproduce fall short of people’s expectations.
D. They feed on adequate food from human beings.
14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. It is urgent to protect wild turkeys from being attacked.
B. Turkeys are posing a potential threat to natural environment.
C. Nobody appreciates the increase in turkeys due to their evil deeds.
D. Measures will be taken to tackle conflicts between turkeys and humans.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. New England witnesses a turkey boom but not all appreciate it.
B. The wildlife reintroduction program of wild turkeys is quite successful.
C Wild turkeys’ sharp increase does harm to human beings and environment.
D. There is a contradictory relationship between wild turkeys and human beings.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people have a habit of starting projects but not finishing them. If you’re one of them and want to finish what you start, first of all, you must be careful to choose what you want to do. When you start on a project, make sure that it’s something you’re interested in. If you choose to do something you’re half-interested in, you’ll stop it halfway. ____16____ So if you are not sure whether this is something you really want to do, try it out on a small scale and see if it’s what you’re interested in.
____17____ Faced with temptations, ask yourself what’s more important to you — going out for the weekend or working on what you’ve planned to do The former might bring you some joy, but the latter is what truly gives you satisfaction. On the other hand, don’t try to be perfect. ____18____ As a result, you’ll put off your work.
Record your progress. You can create a project sheet that records your goals and your present state. And then review your progress every week. ____19____ What’s your task for the next week This will encourage you to work towards your final goal.
To avoid getting discouraged with all the things that need to be done, celebrate what you’ve done so far. Remember: everything you’ve done so far is an achievement! Give yourself a huge pat on the back and a big hug. ____20____ When you’re ready, go on with what you’re doing.
A. They will lose heart and give up finally.
B. What percent of your goal have you achieved
C. Otherwise, you’ll be afraid of making mistakes.
D. Whatever you’ve planned, never change it easily.
E. Take the opportunity to get back your strength and energy.
F. Plan your time and resources accordingly and include them in your schedule.
G. This will lead to a waste of time and energy that could be better used elsewhere.
三、语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain ____21____ antiques. An airline manager ____22____ to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may ____23____ it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 ____24____ so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is ____25____ and pay both of them the lower number with a ____26____ and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for ____27____ and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write
____28____, Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly ____29____. Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this ____30____ will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of ____31____, when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the ____32____ price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, ____33____ this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll ____34____ the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger ____35____ Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.
21. A. precious B. identical C. missing D. various
22. A. reminded B. enabled C. tasked D. convinced
23. A. value B. highlight C. ignore D. overstate
24. A. at random B. precisely C. with caution D. separately
25. A. dreaming B. cheating C. objecting D. complaining
26. A. bonus B. change C. bill D. credit
27. A. cooperation B. honesty C. selflessness D. intelligence
28. A. Generally B. Surprisingly C. Initially D. Specifically
29. A. foolish B. greedy C. thoughtful D. generous
30. A. experience B. message C. conclusion D. insight
31. A. reasoning B. compromise C. guessing D. struggle
32. A. fair B. high C. real D. low
33. A. confirm B. warn C. challenge D. defeat
34. A. give way to B. get back C. take control of D. benefit from
35. A. compensation B. tip C. investment D. fee
第二部分非选择题(共55分)
三、语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese medicine ____36____ (practise) for around 3,000 years in the Far East, but is relatively recent in the West. People are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to treatments such as yoga and acupuncture (针灸) ____37____ (add) to, or sometimes even replace, Western medicine.
An event in my life changed my attitude towards acupuncture. After suffering from insomnia (失眠) for several months, I ____38____ (feel) mentally and physically exhausted, nearing my breaking point. A trip ____39____ my doctor and nightly beer and whisky failed to bring any ____40____ (relieve) from my condition. A friend suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. With a fear of needles, I was reluctant to take his advice, ____41____ by this time I was so tired that I was ready to try almost anything.
After another nearly ____42____ (sleep) night, I turned up in the local alternative health centre and met the only acupuncturist in my area. By taking my pulse, looking at my tongue and asking some questions about my diet and lifestyle, he correctly concluded that I was worn out. I found this ____43____ (extreme) impressive and amazing since he hadn’t asked me ____44____ I had come to see him. He then inserted a fine needle in my right foot, and I fell asleep immediately. The whole experience was like a miracle never _____45_____ (imagine) in my wildest dreams!
四、写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Jerry写信邀请你寒假期间去伦敦游玩，你因故无法前往，请你回信表达歉意，内容包括：
1. 谢绝的理由；
2. 提议暑假去拜访他
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jerry
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One of my teachers once asked my class what our favourite memory was. She was asking for the moment in which “you felt the best, you felt that you had the world in the palm of your hand. ” Some described grand awards; others described winning a tournament. But I felt the best when I first learned how to ride my bike at thirteen. I didn’t mind my classmate’s stares and snickering, because I knew there was more to the story.
My brother and I shared a typical brotherly relationship: we couldn’t stand each other. Or, to be honest, he couldn’t stand me. I hero-worshipped him. My clothes mysteriously looked like his, and even my words tended to mimic those I heard from him. Many times, I even wanted to literally follow my brother, sobbing every time I was prevented from hanging around with him. Needless to say, I was an annoyance to him. Any sort of conversation we had usually degraded to fighting, and try as I might, my brother usually won.
After a while, I stopped trying to impress him and learned to be totally indifferent; perhaps the silent treatment would get more approval. I was wrong. We soon fell into a sad pattern—I avoided him, he ignored me, and deep inside, it hurt. Indifferent or hostile, he was only a brother in name. So that’s how it was between us. I believed we would forever be apart, two housemates without conversation, two strangers without warmth. And nothing more.
I still remember the day I learned to ride a bike. I had received it that Christmas, which was great, until I realized I had no idea how to ride it. My mom was too busy and had long since abandoned any attempt to teach me. I decided to teach myself to ride, a little bit each day, but in vain. On that fateful day, it was no different. I was coming to the end of my daily one-hour torture, and I was so frustrated that I threw my bike aside and began to cry.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I guess that was what caused my brother to come outside.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
An hour later, I was showing off my riding skill to my mom.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
