华东师大二附中2022-2023学年12月测评试卷
高二英语
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. If you think that treating a woman well means always _________ her permission for everything, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
22. Up to 500 million Nomura's jellyfish were reported _________ into the sea by 2005, one of the worst years.
A. to drift B. to be drifted C. to have drifted D. to be drifting
23. I was very grateful that my neighbour kept me _________ of how my cat was going when I was away.
A. being informed B. informing C. informed D. to inform
24. Decision making is not just confined to a managerial role; day-to-day business involves consistently _________ good decisions.
A. making B. to make C. being made D. having made
25. When _________ whether his test result was authentic, he denied _________ others' answers.
A. asked; to copy B. being asked; copying C. asking; to copy D. asked; copying
26. _________ about how to prevent the crisis, the boss glanced up, only _________ all the employees' anxious gaze on him.
A. Being concerned; to find B. Concerned; to find
C. Concerning; finding D. To concern; finding
27. When I was studying in the UK, my uncle _________ take me to visit the centuries-old churches almost every weekend.
A. could B. should C. would D. might
28. It has been announced that all the candidates _________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. may C. will D. shall
29. The young technician made one rookie mistake after another in the competition, which suggested that he _________ have followed his master's instructions.
A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
30. You _________ throw your money into the sea as lend it to such a dishonest guy.
A. ought to B. might as well C. would rather D. may well
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Matthew Perry, Star of 'Friends,' Is Dead at 54
Matthew Perry, who gained sitcom superstardom as Chandler Bing on the show "Friends," (31) _________ (become) a model of the ability to tease your pals as an expression of love, has died. He was 54.
Several news outlets reported that Mr. Perry was found unresponsive in a hot tub at his home in Los Angeles. He (32) _________ (struggle) with drinking and drug use for decades, leading to hospitalizations for a range of illnesses. My his own account, he had spent more than half his life in treatment and healthcare facilities.
"Friends" ran for 10 seasons from 1994 to 2004. It recorded the never-too-dramatic dramas and jokes and exploits of a group of six young friends living in New York City. Chandler was the yuppie（雅皮士）of the group, (33) _________ a well-paying white-collar job his friends did not entirely understand. He wore sweater vests but also moodily smoked cigarettes.
Other "Friends" characters generated humor through their foolishness or unluckiness; Chandler cracked jokes. During one episode, for example, Ross joined the group looking bizarrely tan and said he had gone to a tanning place (34) _________ one of them had suggested. "Was that place the sun " Chandler asked. That speech pattern - the sarcastic rhetorical question (35) _________ (ask) in a tone of mock disbelief - was typical of Chandler.
Mr. Perry (36) _________ brought this bit to the show, and it became a familiar way for Americans (37) _________ (talk) -- proof of the status of "Friends" as one of the most popular shows in sitcom history.
Mr. Perry, like his co-stars, eventually earned $1 million per episode. He was rich, famous and handsome. (38) _________ behind the scenes of "Friends," his drug use was already an issue. In a single interview, he spoke again and again about the idea (39) _________ his confessional stories might help fellow addicts. "(40) _________ _________ _________ I bumped into something that I didn't really want to share," he said, "I would think of the people that I would be helping, and it would keep me going."
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. presence B. unblocked C. formation D. point E. break F. speeding G. sampled H. ending I. adopting J. fallout K. interfere
Researchers find micro-plastics in an unlikely place: Mount Fuji's clouds
A group of researchers from Waseda University in Tokyo recently found micro-plastics in the clouds above Mount Fuji. In a paper published in Environmental Chemistry Letters, the researchers wrote that these airborne（空气传播的）micro-plastics could influence cloud (41) _________ -- and in turn the climate.
Plastic is ubiquitous -- humans have produced more than 8 billion tons of it. Because plastic waste doesn't (42) _________ down easily, it can exist in the environment for hundreds of years, becoming smaller and smaller, and (43) _________ up in our food, our bodies and the environment.
It's still unclear exactly how harmful these tiny particles are to humans, but some of the chemicals in plastics are believed to (44) _________ with reproduction, stress responses, immune response and development. Micro-plastics in oceans threaten marine life and birds, and while there's been less research on mammals, the studies that have been done in rats and mice (45) _________ to serious harms. The authors of the new study warn that the (46) _________of micro-plastics in clouds may present a whole new set of problems, though.
Hiroshi Okochi, one of the authors of the study, said he wasn't surprised to find airborne micro-plastics in the clouds above Mount Fuji. "Early studies of airborne micro-plastics (AMPs) had found micro-plastics in atmospheric (47) _________, including rainwater," Okochi said in an email. He and his colleagues hypothesized that, if the tiny particles were in rain water, they must be in cloud water, too.
Studying this wasn't easy. The Mount Fuji Research Station is located at the highest of the eight peaks of Mount Fuji, next to a(n) (48) _________ cliff where the researchers could collect samples of cloud water without interference from climbers or mountain huts. They collected samples only during the summer months on Mount Fuji, at altitudes of about 3,800 meters.
The team analyzed cloud water for the presence of plastics. Researchers found material that's used in many plastic products, such as clear food wrap and detergent bottles. "Then, (49) _________ a technique known as backward trajectory（轨迹）analysis, they attempted to figure out where the plastic particles came from, and how they ended up in clouds in the first place. "The analysis showed that the AMPs in cloud water (50) _________ at the top of Mt. Fuji were mainly transported from the ocean, Okochi wrote. The researchers believe fine marine micro-plastics were spread into the atmosphere from waves splashing into the air.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Chatbots May 'Hallucinate（出现幻觉）' More Often Than Many Thought
When the San Francisco start-up OpenAI unveiled its ChatGPT online chatbot last year, millions were wowed by the human-like way it answered questions, wrote poetry and discussed almost any topic. But most people were slow to realize that this new kind of chatbot often __51__ things up.
When Google introduced a similar chatbot several weeks later, it generated __52__ about the James Webb telescope. The next day, Microsoft's new Bing chatbot offered all sorts of false information about the Gap, Mexican nightlife and the singer Billie Eilish. Then, in March, ChatGPT cited a half dozen fake court cases while writing a 10-page legal brief that a lawyer __53__ to a federal judge in Manhattan.
Now a new start-up called Vectara is trying to figure out how often chatbots __54__ from the truth. The company's research estimates that even in situations designed to prevent it from happening, chatbots __55__ information at least 3 percent of the time and as high as 27 percent Experts call this chatbot behavior "hallucination". It may not be a problem for people __56__ with chatbots on their personal computers, but it is a serious issue for anyone using this technology with court documents, medical information or __57__ business data.
Dr Hughes, a Vectara researcher, and his team asked these systems to perform a single, straightforward task that is readily __58__: Summarize news articles. Even then, the chatbots persistently invented information. The researchers argue that when these chatbots perform other tasks, hallucination rates may be higher. __59__, their research showed that hallucination rates very widely among the leading A. I. companies.
With this research, Dr. Hughes and Mr. Awadallah want to show people that they must be __60__ of information that comes from chatbots and even the service that Vectara sells to businesses. Chatbots like ChatGPT are driven by a technology called a large language model (L. L. M.), which learns its skills by __61__ enormous amounts of digital text. By pinpointing __62__ in all that data, an L. L. M. learns to do one thing particularly: guess the next word in a sequence of words.
Because the internet is filled with untruthful information, these systems repeat the same untruths. They also rely on __63__: What is the mathematical chance that the next word is "playwright" From time to time, they guess __64__.
Companies like OpenAI, Google and Microsoft have developed ways to improve the accuracy of their technologies. OpenAI, for example, tries to refine its technology with feedback from human testers, who rate the chatbot's __65__ , separating useful and truthful answers from those that are not. Then, using a technique called reinforcement learning, the system spends weeks analyzing the ratings to better understand what it is fact and what is fiction.
51. A. stirs B. divides C. makes D. sets
52. A. debate B. facts C. doubts D. nonsense
53. A. submitted B. composed C. analyzed D. concluded
54. A. derive B. depart C. learn D. hide
55. A. repeat B. overstate C. invent D. revise
56. A. identifying B. experimenting C. competing D. analyzing
57. A. sensitive B. available C. illegal D. inclusive
58. A. accessed B. favored C. completed D. verified
59. A. In consequence B. In brief C. By contrast D. In addition
60. A. informed B. aware C. cautious D. convinced
61. A. absorbing B. citing C. summarizing D. generating
62. A. frequency B. patterns C. usage D. preferences
63. A. calculation B. prediction C. reasoning D. probabilities
64. A. accurately B. favorably C. incorrectly D. instantly
65. A. responses B. cues C. inventions D. interactions
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from "Frozen", playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she's also a university student.
Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK's West Midlands region, is one of the country's youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.
"It's so interesting and super easy," she laughs. "My mum taught me in a nice way." She adds: "I want to finish the course in two years. Then I'm going to do my PhD in financial maths when I'm 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I'm 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people."
And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. "I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn't agree." After three years of begging. Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.
Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter's gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther's parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn't let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra（代数学）and quadratic equations（二次方程式）.
And Esther isn't the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.
66. Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers
A. She is the youngest college student in the UK.
B. She goes to university at a much earlier age.
C. She often gets full marks in maths exams.
D. She loves acting as a university student.
67. From the passage we can learn that _________.
A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her
B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life
C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier
D. Esther dislikes being taught at home
68. What might be a main factor that has led to Esther's being a maths genius
A. The gene from her family B. Her course in the university
C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother's homeschooling.
69. Esther can be described as a girl who _________.
A. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself
B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown
C. is rebellious but ready to help others
D. is ambitious and has a clear goal
(B)
Europe's sneezing customs and superstitions（迷信）
Sneezing is the uncontrollable bodily peculiarity. While it's impossible to stop yourself from sneezing, you'd think we would at least have some control over what we say in response to one. As it turns out, two-thirds of European nations react to a sneeze by expressing good wishes like 'to your health'. In light of this, experts have explored the sneezing etiquette of countries around Europe, to help travellers build connections with locals through this simple social interaction.
Sneezing in the UK
Reacting to a sneeze is quite common in the UK, with people saying "bless you" to the person who sneezes. There are many theories explaining the reason behind the blessing. Sneezing was believed to expel evil spirits from the body, so by blessing that person, you'll help prevent the unwanted spirits from returning. Modern-day superstition has given the bodily function different meanings. One sneeze is unlucky, two is lucky, and three will grant you a wish. No one knows what happens after the three-sneeze mark, but hopefully, fate will make allowances for you during hay fever（花粉过敏）season.
Sneezing in France
A vos souhaits if you're speaking to a friend, is the common response to a sneeze in France. The literal translation is "to your wishes" which is just another way of blessing someone. While this stays similar to the Brits, the French also grant another blessing on the second sneeze - a vos amours. This means "to your loves".
In France, blessing someone after sneezing has its roots in the 14th-century plague（瘟疫）epidemic. A sneeze was meant to be one of the first symptoms and so offering good wishes was a way to express care and good health to someone. In modern-day France, a sneeze means that someone is speaking about you, most likely behind your back.
Sneezing in Spain
The most common way to bless someone in Spain is by saying Jesus after they sneeze. The Spanish started expressing the Saviour's name to prevent the devil from corrupting the souls of those who sneeze. Old customs can get a bit dark but this is an old belief. In modern times, the Spanish share a similar superstitious belief to the French. If you sneeze once, it's a sign that someone is thinking about you. However, if you sneeze twice, you should keep your eyes peeled for a secret crush as someone is thinking about you affectionately.
Sneezing in Italy
In Italy, the polite way to acknowledge a sneeze is by saying salute. This is also a translation for "health". Italians are notoriously fond of their superstitions and as it goes, hearing a cat sneeze is a sign that money is coming your way. A bride can also look forward to a good marriage if she hears a cat sneeze on her big day. However, you might want to block your ears after the first sneeze, as three could be a sign that you're coming down with a cold.
70. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Europe's sneezing superstitions
A. A second sneeze is Spain signals someone may silently like and miss those who sneeze.
B. It is common etiquette for every European to show concern for others' health after a sneeze.
C. Hearing cats sneeze may bring a fortune or a happy marriage since it symbolizes luck in Italy.
D. The origin of sneezing has given the French a negative meaning of sneezing to this day.
71. According to the article, which of the following sneezes hold positive superstitious beliefs in Europe
A. the 2nd sneeze in the UK and the 2nd in France
B. the 3rd sneeze in the UK and the 3rd cat sneeze in Italy
C. the 2nd cat sneeze in Italy and the 1st in France
D. the 2nd sneeze in the UK and the 1st cat sneeze in Italy
72. Which column of a magazine does this article probably belong to
A. Business and finance B. Travel and leisure
C. Cultural and language D. Chic and trendy
(C)
Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate（复制）or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.
The problem is not just what happens after publication - scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research - attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.
It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.
Reproducing other scientists' analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of "me-too" derision（嘲笑）that would waste resources - but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to return the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost - even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about fake results, eaten by termites（白蚁）.
There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.
But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant ("positive") but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive（激励）structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.
73. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet
A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.
B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.
C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.
D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.
74. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2
A. A high school decides to cut its art programs for lack of fund.
B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor's advice.
C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.
D. A drug company falls to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.
75. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.
B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.
C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.
D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.
76. The purpose of this article is to _________.
A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiency
B. criticize the inefficiency of scientific research
C. introduce some recent progress in medical research
D. highlight the possible problems of research studies
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It notes that many writers are guaranteed a specific number of weeks or episodes of employment. B. The writers' strike and demands have prompted renewed attention to gig work, where someone works irregular hours. C. The US economy is becoming a gig economy as more and more people are taking jobs with companies like Uber. D. Drivers initially embraced the benefits of being a gig worker, with decent pay and flexibility. E. Writers already work on a freelance basis, but day-to-day arrangements are more unpredictable. F. The appeal of flexible working hours can vary depending on the type of job someone is in, and on whose interests are being served.
Over 11,000 film and television writers in the Writers Guild of America union went on strike in May. One of their demands stood out: Hollywood writers wanted studios to guarantee them weeks of work at a time, giving them some certainty, rather than a new method that would hire them by the day. _____77_____ It would leave them in a difficult situation, unable to predict their finances or pay rent.
______78______ The idea has been popularized by app-based platforms like Uber, which classify their drivers as independent contractors instead of employees. Many full-time workers, especially those in low-wage jobs, were tempted by the prospect of working flexible hours. Still, the shifting perception of Uber has caused some workers to sour on the idea. Gig work has become a dirty word. It's gone from being the possibility of freedom to the certainty of insecurity.
Though drivers for Uber make up a small percentage of this work force, their concerns about earning less money, growing expenses and the increasing dangers of the job have had a far-reaching effect across the gig industry. _____79______ Now, they are more likely to dissuade others from such work.
The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers, a trade association that represents film companies, challenged striking writers' characterizations that studios are trying to turn Hollywood work into part of the gig economy. ______80______ But writers say the rise of streaming has led to fewer episodes of television shows, causing studios to employ writers for shorter, more sporadic periods of time.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound（充裕）. Despite this, popular culture and housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more convenient facilities. Big houses are advertised as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.
This is reflected in our homes. The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet.
There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500 U. S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.
The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions. Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle, using the low-wage labor of others Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in facilities purchased by the rich means a reduction in those for the poor
I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.
81. ____________________________________
卷二
I. Spelling
Directions: Spell out the words according to their English definitions. The first letter has been given.
1. o_________ (adj.) liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them
2. f_________ (n.) a ceremony for burying a dead person
3. b_________ (adj.) very successful; very intelligent or skillful
4. e_________ (n.) an unexpected and dangerous situation that one must deal with
5. n_________ (adj.) belonging to a family of high social rank
6. c_________ (adj.) causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
7. r_________ (v.) to put words that sound the same together
8. a_________ (n.) a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event
9. m_________ (adj.) done without thinking, like a machine; operated by power from an engine
10. a_________ (n.) a film, book or play that is based on a particular piece of work but that has been changed for a new situation
II. Word formation
Directions: Fill in each blank with the proper from of the word given in the bracket.
11. The doctors demanded the _________ (withdraw) of the drug after several cases of dangerous side-effects were reported.
12. She learned a lesson from impoverished people who had come to her in _________ (desperate).
13. We are looking forward to expert advice in your column before we do ourselves _________ (reverse) brain damage.
14. Roy does not seem to have developed very much since then, just quietly _________ (maturity) into a dependable guitarist.
15. Acknowledging the good that you already have in your life is the _________ (found) for all abundance.
16. Happiness is within and it has nothing to do with how much _________ (applaud) you get or how many people praise you.
17. The difference between a dreamer and a _________ (vision) is that the former has his eyes closed and the latter has his eyes open.
18. Art _________ (criticize) also need a gift for persuasion, perhaps rather more than a head for exposition and argument.
19. The process of growing up is correlated with the parental raising styles of strict punishment, _________ (deny), excessive interference and over-protection.
20. In the history of western philosophy, Leibniz drew a _________ (distinct) between logical truth and factual truth.
III. Text recitation
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing words according to the texts we have recently learnt.
During Mozart's life, many people admired the __21__ of his music. Young Mozart could compose anything, anywhere - during meals, while talking to friends, or while travelling on a coach. He composed very quickly and wrote huge amounts of music - his __22__ included more than 600 pieces in all, including symphonies, piano concertos and even operas,like The Magic Flute. He also gave music lessons and played at concerts. But despite this hard work and devotion, his life had many ups and downs. Mozart spent money faster than he made it. He loved the high life: he bought fancy clothes from __23__ and had servants, and all this meant that he was often __24__ his finances.
The __25__ of Kun opera are spoken story-telling, singing and dancing, and each character has their own __26__ of movement on stage. This includes the way the character stands while speaking, and the way they dance to show their __27__. Actors may also be required to perform kung fu during their performance. __28__ on how actors move, Kun operas do not normally have __29__. Audiences will usually see only a few objects on stage to suggest where a scene is taking place: in a house, in a garden or in a dream. With __30__, UNESCO listed Kun opera among the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.
IV. Phrases
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Note that each phrase can be only used once and there are two phrases more than you need.
devote ... to ... bury ... in ... in all adapt ... for ... in favour of be short for refer to
31. The robot's delicate hands looked remarkably human and _________ grasping and holding objects.
32. The president has been accused of developing policies _________ a small number of elites.
33. _________ wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi means that instead of using wires, your computer is connected to the internet or other computers by radio.
34. In harsh reality, even whites most _________ the cause of the advancement of racial equality hired black Americans for inferior jobs.
35. _________ studying mathematics for 3 hours in a row, she felt a sharp pain in her neck and decided to go for a walk.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
36. 她突然想到她本可以以假乱真解决燃眉之急。(hit; replace)
37. 不可否认的是，虽然在数字化世界中交朋友很容易，眼神的交流在人际交往中仍然起着至关重要的作用。(deny; role)
38. 这位天才雕塑家的作品强调人与自然的紧密联系，受到了当地艺术评论家的称赞。(emphasis; applaud)
39. 贝多芬(Beethoven)潜心音乐，经过不断试错最终创作出了《第九交响曲》，当听到和谐的旋律时，他如释重负地松了一口气。(absorb; relief)华东师大二附中2022-2023学年12月测评试卷
高二英语
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. If you think that treating a woman well means always _________ her permission for everything, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
22. Up to 500 million Nomura's jellyfish were reported _________ into the sea by 2005, one of the worst years.
A. to drift B. to be drifted C. to have drifted D. to be drifting
23. I was very grateful that my neighbour kept me _________ of how my cat was going when I was away.
A. being informed B. informing C. informed D. to inform
24. Decision making is not just confined to a managerial role; day-to-day business involves consistently _________ good decisions.
A. making B. to make C. being made D. having made
25. When _________ whether his test result was authentic, he denied _________ others' answers.
A. asked; to copy B. being asked; copying C. asking; to copy D. asked; copying
26. _________ about how to prevent the crisis, the boss glanced up, only _________ all the employees' anxious gaze on him.
A. Being concerned; to find B. Concerned; to find
C. Concerning; finding D. To concern; finding
27. When I was studying in the UK, my uncle _________ take me to visit the centuries-old churches almost every weekend.
A. could B. should C. would D. might
28. It has been announced that all the candidates _________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. may C. will D. shall
29. The young technician made one rookie mistake after another in the competition, which suggested that he _________ have followed his master's instructions.
A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
30. You _________ throw your money into the sea as lend it to such a dishonest guy.
A. ought to B. might as well C. would rather D. may well
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Matthew Perry, Star of 'Friends,' Is Dead at 54
Matthew Perry, who gained sitcom superstardom as Chandler Bing on the show "Friends," (31) _________ (become) a model of the ability to tease your pals as an expression of love, has died. He was 54.
Several news outlets reported that Mr. Perry was found unresponsive in a hot tub at his home in Los Angeles. He (32) _________ (struggle) with drinking and drug use for decades, leading to hospitalizations for a range of illnesses. My his own account, he had spent more than half his life in treatment and healthcare facilities.
"Friends" ran for 10 seasons from 1994 to 2004. It recorded the never-too-dramatic dramas and jokes and exploits of a group of six young friends living in New York City. Chandler was the yuppie（雅皮士）of the group, (33) _________ a well-paying white-collar job his friends did not entirely understand. He wore sweater vests but also moodily smoked cigarettes.
Other "Friends" characters generated humor through their foolishness or unluckiness; Chandler cracked jokes. During one episode, for example, Ross joined the group looking bizarrely tan and said he had gone to a tanning place (34) _________ one of them had suggested. "Was that place the sun " Chandler asked. That speech pattern - the sarcastic rhetorical question (35) _________ (ask) in a tone of mock disbelief - was typical of Chandler.
Mr. Perry (36) _________ brought this bit to the show, and it became a familiar way for Americans (37) _________ (talk) -- proof of the status of "Friends" as one of the most popular shows in sitcom history.
Mr. Perry, like his co-stars, eventually earned $1 million per episode. He was rich, famous and handsome. (38) _________ behind the scenes of "Friends," his drug use was already an issue. In a single interview, he spoke again and again about the idea (39) _________ his confessional stories might help fellow addicts. "(40) _________ _________ _________ I bumped into something that I didn't really want to share," he said, "I would think of the people that I would be helping, and it would keep me going."
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. presence B. unblocked C. formation D. point E. break F. speeding G. sampled H. ending I. adopting J. fallout K. interfere
Researchers find micro-plastics in an unlikely place: Mount Fuji's clouds
A group of researchers from Waseda University in Tokyo recently found micro-plastics in the clouds above Mount Fuji. In a paper published in Environmental Chemistry Letters, the researchers wrote that these airborne（空气传播的）micro-plastics could influence cloud (41) _________ -- and in turn the climate.
Plastic is ubiquitous -- humans have produced more than 8 billion tons of it. Because plastic waste doesn't (42) _________ down easily, it can exist in the environment for hundreds of years, becoming smaller and smaller, and (43) _________ up in our food, our bodies and the environment.
It's still unclear exactly how harmful these tiny particles are to humans, but some of the chemicals in plastics are believed to (44) _________ with reproduction, stress responses, immune response and development. Micro-plastics in oceans threaten marine life and birds, and while there's been less research on mammals, the studies that have been done in rats and mice (45) _________ to serious harms. The authors of the new study warn that the (46) _________of micro-plastics in clouds may present a whole new set of problems, though.
Hiroshi Okochi, one of the authors of the study, said he wasn't surprised to find airborne micro-plastics in the clouds above Mount Fuji. "Early studies of airborne micro-plastics (AMPs) had found micro-plastics in atmospheric (47) _________, including rainwater," Okochi said in an email. He and his colleagues hypothesized that, if the tiny particles were in rain water, they must be in cloud water, too.
Studying this wasn't easy. The Mount Fuji Research Station is located at the highest of the eight peaks of Mount Fuji, next to a(n) (48) _________ cliff where the researchers could collect samples of cloud water without interference from climbers or mountain huts. They collected samples only during the summer months on Mount Fuji, at altitudes of about 3,800 meters.
The team analyzed cloud water for the presence of plastics. Researchers found material that's used in many plastic products, such as clear food wrap and detergent bottles. "Then, (49) _________ a technique known as backward trajectory（轨迹）analysis, they attempted to figure out where the plastic particles came from, and how they ended up in clouds in the first place. "The analysis showed that the AMPs in cloud water (50) _________ at the top of Mt. Fuji were mainly transported from the ocean, Okochi wrote. The researchers believe fine marine micro-plastics were spread into the atmosphere from waves splashing into the air.
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Chatbots May 'Hallucinate（出现幻觉）' More Often Than Many Thought
When the San Francisco start-up OpenAI unveiled its ChatGPT online chatbot last year, millions were wowed by the human-like way it answered questions, wrote poetry and discussed almost any topic. But most people were slow to realize that this new kind of chatbot often __51__ things up.
When Google introduced a similar chatbot several weeks later, it generated __52__ about the James Webb telescope. The next day, Microsoft's new Bing chatbot offered all sorts of false information about the Gap, Mexican nightlife and the singer Billie Eilish. Then, in March, ChatGPT cited a half dozen fake court cases while writing a 10-page legal brief that a lawyer __53__ to a federal judge in Manhattan.
Now a new start-up called Vectara is trying to figure out how often chatbots __54__ from the truth. The company's research estimates that even in situations designed to prevent it from happening, chatbots __55__ information at least 3 percent of the time and as high as 27 percent Experts call this chatbot behavior "hallucination". It may not be a problem for people __56__ with chatbots on their personal computers, but it is a serious issue for anyone using this technology with court documents, medical information or __57__ business data.
Dr Hughes, a Vectara researcher, and his team asked these systems to perform a single, straightforward task that is readily __58__: Summarize news articles. Even then, the chatbots persistently invented information. The researchers argue that when these chatbots perform other tasks, hallucination rates may be higher. __59__, their research showed that hallucination rates very widely among the leading A. I. companies.
With this research, Dr. Hughes and Mr. Awadallah want to show people that they must be __60__ of information that comes from chatbots and even the service that Vectara sells to businesses. Chatbots like ChatGPT are driven by a technology called a large language model (L. L. M.), which learns its skills by __61__ enormous amounts of digital text. By pinpointing __62__ in all that data, an L. L. M. learns to do one thing particularly: guess the next word in a sequence of words.
Because the internet is filled with untruthful information, these systems repeat the same untruths. They also rely on __63__: What is the mathematical chance that the next word is "playwright" From time to time, they guess __64__.
Companies like OpenAI, Google and Microsoft have developed ways to improve the accuracy of their technologies. OpenAI, for example, tries to refine its technology with feedback from human testers, who rate the chatbot's __65__ , separating useful and truthful answers from those that are not. Then, using a technique called reinforcement learning, the system spends weeks analyzing the ratings to better understand what it is fact and what is fiction.
51. A. stirs B. divides C. makes D. sets
52. A. debate B. facts C. doubts D. nonsense
53. A. submitted B. composed C. analyzed D. concluded
54. A. derive B. depart C. learn D. hide
55. A. repeat B. overstate C. invent D. revise
56. A. identifying B. experimenting C. competing D. analyzing
57. A. sensitive B. available C. illegal D. inclusive
58. A. accessed B. favored C. completed D. verified
59. A. In consequence B. In brief C. By contrast D. In addition
60. A. informed B. aware C. cautious D. convinced
61. A. absorbing B. citing C. summarizing D. generating
62. A. frequency B. patterns C. usage D. preferences
63. A. calculation B. prediction C. reasoning D. probabilities
64. A. accurately B. favorably C. incorrectly D. instantly
65. A. responses B. cues C. inventions D. interactions
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from "Frozen", playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she's also a university student.
Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK's West Midlands region, is one of the country's youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.
"It's so interesting and super easy," she laughs. "My mum taught me in a nice way." She adds: "I want to finish the course in two years. Then I'm going to do my PhD in financial maths when I'm 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I'm 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people."
And in case people think her parents have pushed her into starting university early, Esther disagrees. "I actually wanted to start when I was seven. But my mum didn't agree." After three years of begging. Mother Efe finally agreed to explore the idea.
Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. Her mother noticed her daughter's gift for figures shortly after she began homeschooling her at the age of three. Initially, Esther's parents had enrolled her in a private school but after a few short weeks, the usually-energetic youngster refused to go back to that school because the teachers didn't let her talk in class. In the UK, education is not compulsory until five, so Efe started to do little things at home by teaching basic number skills but Esther was miles ahead. By four, her natural talent for maths had seen the eager student move on to algebra（代数学）and quadratic equations（二次方程式）.
And Esther isn't the only maths miracle in the family. Her younger brother Isaiah, 6, will soon be sitting his first A-level exam in June.
66. Which of the following makes Esther Okade different from her normal peers
A. She is the youngest college student in the UK.
B. She goes to university at a much earlier age.
C. She often gets full marks in maths exams.
D. She loves acting as a university student.
67. From the passage we can learn that _________.
A. Esther thinks her parents expect too much of her
B. Esther cannot adapt herself well to college life
C. Esther asked to go to university even earlier
D. Esther dislikes being taught at home
68. What might be a main factor that has led to Esther's being a maths genius
A. The gene from her family B. Her course in the university
C. The criticism from her teachers. D. Her mother's homeschooling.
69. Esther can be described as a girl who _________.
A. is energetic but reluctant to challenge herself
B. is creative and loves exploring the unknown
C. is rebellious but ready to help others
D. is ambitious and has a clear goal
(B)
Europe's sneezing customs and superstitions（迷信）
Sneezing is the uncontrollable bodily peculiarity. While it's impossible to stop yourself from sneezing, you'd think we would at least have some control over what we say in response to one. As it turns out, two-thirds of European nations react to a sneeze by expressing good wishes like 'to your health'. In light of this, experts have explored the sneezing etiquette of countries around Europe, to help travellers build connections with locals through this simple social interaction.
Sneezing in the UK
Reacting to a sneeze is quite common in the UK, with people saying "bless you" to the person who sneezes. There are many theories explaining the reason behind the blessing. Sneezing was believed to expel evil spirits from the body, so by blessing that person, you'll help prevent the unwanted spirits from returning. Modern-day superstition has given the bodily function different meanings. One sneeze is unlucky, two is lucky, and three will grant you a wish. No one knows what happens after the three-sneeze mark, but hopefully, fate will make allowances for you during hay fever（花粉过敏）season.
Sneezing in France
A vos souhaits if you're speaking to a friend, is the common response to a sneeze in France. The literal translation is "to your wishes" which is just another way of blessing someone. While this stays similar to the Brits, the French also grant another blessing on the second sneeze - a vos amours. This means "to your loves".
In France, blessing someone after sneezing has its roots in the 14th-century plague（瘟疫）epidemic. A sneeze was meant to be one of the first symptoms and so offering good wishes was a way to express care and good health to someone. In modern-day France, a sneeze means that someone is speaking about you, most likely behind your back.
Sneezing in Spain
The most common way to bless someone in Spain is by saying Jesus after they sneeze. The Spanish started expressing the Saviour's name to prevent the devil from corrupting the souls of those who sneeze. Old customs can get a bit dark but this is an old belief. In modern times, the Spanish share a similar superstitious belief to the French. If you sneeze once, it's a sign that someone is thinking about you. However, if you sneeze twice, you should keep your eyes peeled for a secret crush as someone is thinking about you affectionately.
Sneezing in Italy
In Italy, the polite way to acknowledge a sneeze is by saying salute. This is also a translation for "health". Italians are notoriously fond of their superstitions and as it goes, hearing a cat sneeze is a sign that money is coming your way. A bride can also look forward to a good marriage if she hears a cat sneeze on her big day. However, you might want to block your ears after the first sneeze, as three could be a sign that you're coming down with a cold.
70. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Europe's sneezing superstitions
A. A second sneeze is Spain signals someone may silently like and miss those who sneeze.
B. It is common etiquette for every European to show concern for others' health after a sneeze.
C. Hearing cats sneeze may bring a fortune or a happy marriage since it symbolizes luck in Italy.
D. The origin of sneezing has given the French a negative meaning of sneezing to this day.
71. According to the article, which of the following sneezes hold positive superstitious beliefs in Europe
A. the 2nd sneeze in the UK and the 2nd in France
B. the 3rd sneeze in the UK and the 3rd cat sneeze in Italy
C. the 2nd cat sneeze in Italy and the 1st in France
D. the 2nd sneeze in the UK and the 1st cat sneeze in Italy
72. Which column of a magazine does this article probably belong to
A. Business and finance B. Travel and leisure
C. Cultural and language D. Chic and trendy
(C)
Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate（复制）or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.
The problem is not just what happens after publication - scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research - attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.
It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.
Reproducing other scientists' analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of "me-too" derision（嘲笑）that would waste resources - but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to return the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost - even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about fake results, eaten by termites（白蚁）.
There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.
But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant ("positive") but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive（激励）structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.
73. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet
A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.
B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.
C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.
D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.
74. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2
A. A high school decides to cut its art programs for lack of fund.
B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor's advice.
C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.
D. A drug company falls to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.
75. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.
B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.
C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.
D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.
76. The purpose of this article is to _________.
A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiency
B. criticize the inefficiency of scientific research
C. introduce some recent progress in medical research
D. highlight the possible problems of research studies
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It notes that many writers are guaranteed a specific number of weeks or episodes of employment. B. The writers' strike and demands have prompted renewed attention to gig work, where someone works irregular hours. C. The US economy is becoming a gig economy as more and more people are taking jobs with companies like Uber. D. Drivers initially embraced the benefits of being a gig worker, with decent pay and flexibility. E. Writers already work on a freelance basis, but day-to-day arrangements are more unpredictable. F. The appeal of flexible working hours can vary depending on the type of job someone is in, and on whose interests are being served.
Over 11,000 film and television writers in the Writers Guild of America union went on strike in May. One of their demands stood out: Hollywood writers wanted studios to guarantee them weeks of work at a time, giving them some certainty, rather than a new method that would hire them by the day. _____77_____ It would leave them in a difficult situation, unable to predict their finances or pay rent.
______78______ The idea has been popularized by app-based platforms like Uber, which classify their drivers as independent contractors instead of employees. Many full-time workers, especially those in low-wage jobs, were tempted by the prospect of working flexible hours. Still, the shifting perception of Uber has caused some workers to sour on the idea. Gig work has become a dirty word. It's gone from being the possibility of freedom to the certainty of insecurity.
Though drivers for Uber make up a small percentage of this work force, their concerns about earning less money, growing expenses and the increasing dangers of the job have had a far-reaching effect across the gig industry. _____79______ Now, they are more likely to dissuade others from such work.
The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers, a trade association that represents film companies, challenged striking writers' characterizations that studios are trying to turn Hollywood work into part of the gig economy. ______80______ But writers say the rise of streaming has led to fewer episodes of television shows, causing studios to employ writers for shorter, more sporadic periods of time.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound（充裕）. Despite this, popular culture and housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more convenient facilities. Big houses are advertised as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.
This is reflected in our homes. The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet.
There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500 U. S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.
The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions. Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle, using the low-wage labor of others Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in facilities purchased by the rich means a reduction in those for the poor
I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.
81. ____________________________________
卷二
I. Spelling
Directions: Spell out the words according to their English definitions. The first letter has been given.
1. o_________ (adj.) liking to meet other people, enjoying their company and being friendly towards them
2. f_________ (n.) a ceremony for burying a dead person
3. b_________ (adj.) very successful; very intelligent or skillful
4. e_________ (n.) an unexpected and dangerous situation that one must deal with
5. n_________ (adj.) belonging to a family of high social rank
6. c_________ (adj.) causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
7. r_________ (v.) to put words that sound the same together
8. a_________ (n.) a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event
9. m_________ (adj.) done without thinking, like a machine; operated by power from an engine
10. a_________ (n.) a film, book or play that is based on a particular piece of work but that has been changed for a new situation
II. Word formation
Directions: Fill in each blank with the proper from of the word given in the bracket.
11. The doctors demanded the _________ (withdraw) of the drug after several cases of dangerous side-effects were reported.
12. She learned a lesson from impoverished people who had come to her in _________ (desperate).
13. We are looking forward to expert advice in your column before we do ourselves _________ (reverse) brain damage.
14. Roy does not seem to have developed very much since then, just quietly _________ (maturity) into a dependable guitarist.
15. Acknowledging the good that you already have in your life is the _________ (found) for all abundance.
16. Happiness is within and it has nothing to do with how much _________ (applaud) you get or how many people praise you.
17. The difference between a dreamer and a _________ (vision) is that the former has his eyes closed and the latter has his eyes open.
18. Art _________ (criticize) also need a gift for persuasion, perhaps rather more than a head for exposition and argument.
19. The process of growing up is correlated with the parental raising styles of strict punishment, _________ (deny), excessive interference and over-protection.
20. In the history of western philosophy, Leibniz drew a _________ (distinct) between logical truth and factual truth.
III. Text recitation
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing words according to the texts we have recently learnt.
During Mozart's life, many people admired the __21__ of his music. Young Mozart could compose anything, anywhere - during meals, while talking to friends, or while travelling on a coach. He composed very quickly and wrote huge amounts of music - his __22__ included more than 600 pieces in all, including symphonies, piano concertos and even operas,like The Magic Flute. He also gave music lessons and played at concerts. But despite this hard work and devotion, his life had many ups and downs. Mozart spent money faster than he made it. He loved the high life: he bought fancy clothes from __23__ and had servants, and all this meant that he was often __24__ his finances.
The __25__ of Kun opera are spoken story-telling, singing and dancing, and each character has their own __26__ of movement on stage. This includes the way the character stands while speaking, and the way they dance to show their __27__. Actors may also be required to perform kung fu during their performance. __28__ on how actors move, Kun operas do not normally have __29__. Audiences will usually see only a few objects on stage to suggest where a scene is taking place: in a house, in a garden or in a dream. With __30__, UNESCO listed Kun opera among the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.
IV. Phrases
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Note that each phrase can be only used once and there are two phrases more than you need.
devote ... to ... bury ... in ... in all adapt ... for ... in favour of be short for refer to
31. The robot's delicate hands looked remarkably human and _________ grasping and holding objects.
32. The president has been accused of developing policies _________ a small number of elites.
33. _________ wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi means that instead of using wires, your computer is connected to the internet or other computers by radio.
34. In harsh reality, even whites most _________ the cause of the advancement of racial equality hired black Americans for inferior jobs.
35. _________ studying mathematics for 3 hours in a row, she felt a sharp pain in her neck and decided to go for a walk.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
36. 她突然想到她本可以以假乱真解决燃眉之急。(hit; replace)
37. 不可否认的是，虽然在数字化世界中交朋友很容易，眼神的交流在人际交往中仍然起着至关重要的作用。(deny; role)
38. 这位天才雕塑家的作品强调人与自然的紧密联系，受到了当地艺术评论家的称赞。(emphasis; applaud)
39. 贝多芬(Beethoven)潜心音乐，经过不断试错最终创作出了《第九交响曲》，当听到和谐的旋律时，他如释重负地松了一口气。(absorb; relief)
参考答案
21-25DCCAD. 26-30BCDAB
31. becoming. 32. had struggled. 33. with. 34. which. 35. asked
36. himself. 37. to talk. 38. But. 39. that. 40. No matter when
41. C. 42. E. 43. H. 44. K. 4. D. 46. A. 47. J. 48. B. 49. I. 50. G
51-55CDABC. 56-60 ABDDC. 61-65ABDCA
66. B. 67. C. 68. A. 69. D.
70. A. 71. D. 72. B
. 73. C 74. C. 75. B 76. D
77. E. 78. B. 79. D. 80. A
