2024届高考英语一轮复习写作之状语和状语从句讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语一轮复习写作之状语和状语从句讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-17 16:26:12 | ||
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高考英语写作——状语和状语从句
一 、什么是状语
1. 定义
状语就是在一个句子中修饰实义动词、形容词、副词的成分。
2. 成分
（1）副词作状语
She smiles sweetly.
She cries sadly.
（2）介词短语作状语
He runs fast like a crazy dog.
He always sits in front of me.
（3）分词、不定式作状语
He leaves, crying.
All kids went home, accompanied by their parents.
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
（4）从句作状语 They were singing songs when the teacher came in. They are absent from class because they all dislike the teacher.
3. 位置
状语的位置极其灵活，可以随便放，但是通常放在句首或句末，如果放在句首的话，通常用逗号隔开。
比如：In Chongqing, I am now working.
I am now working in Chongqing.
二、状语从句
1. 状语从句的分类
状语从句按照引导词本身的意思一共分为九类：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
2. 九大状语从句及引导词
（1）时间状语从句
常用引导词 ：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, not…until
1) When love comes, I will hold her hands.
当爱来临的时候，我会牵住她的手。
2) I fell in love with the girl as soon as I saw her.
我一见到那个女孩就爱上她了。
（2）地点状语从句
常用引导词：where, wherever
1) Wherever you go, whatever you do, I am just here waiting for you.
无论你去哪里，你做什么，我都会在这里等你。
2) The flower grows well where it is moist.
这种花在潮湿的地方生长得很好。
（3）原因状语从句
常用引导词 ：because, since, as, for。
需要注意的是一些介词短语，也翻译成 “因为”，但它们后面只能跟名词不能跟从句，如： cause of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the sake of, as a result of.
Because he was careless, he had a car accident yesterday.
或者：Because of his carelessness, he had a car accident yesterday.
因为粗心，他昨天出了一场车祸。
需要注意的是在这些表示 “因为”的短语中，due to 通常放句末，不放句首；而owing to 通常放句首，不放句末。其他的短语则可的可后。
Owing to tolerance between the couple, the marriage can last long. The marriage can last long due to tolerance between the couple.
夫妻之间的相互包容才得以使婚姻长久。
（4）目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
常见的动词不定式有to，in order to， so as to，其后跟动词原形。
1) I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that I could have a brighter future.
或者：I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates in order to have a brighter future.
为了能有一个更美好的未来，我决定考研。
2) Parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies in order that their daughters or sons will not worry about them.
或者：In order not to make their children worry about them, parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies.
为了不让儿女担心，慢慢老去的父母;总是对他们说着各种各样的谎话。
（5）结果状语从句
常用引导词：so...that。
1) Itis so hot in summer here that I decide to depart.
这里夏天太热了以至于我决定要离开。
2） My mother keeps so beautiful that many middle aged men love her.
我妈妈一直很漂亮以至于很多中年男人都喜欢她。
3) I am so delighted that I cannot help singing at midnight.
我特别开心以至于我在半夜情不自禁地唱起了歌。
4) Chinese become so self-confident at present that they dare pursue their dreams without any fear.
中国人现在变得如此自信以至于他们敢无所畏惧地追求自己的梦想。
结果状语从句是写作满分表达。只要出现形容词或副词的地方都可以写成该句型； 推荐在大作文第三段第一句总结的时候使用。
1) As a consequence, pollution becomes so grave that quite a few measures should be taken to relieve the current situation.
总之，污染变得很严重以至于需要采取很多措施来缓解目前的情况。 2) Filial piety is so important that it is time for us to go home to visit our elders.
孝敬长辈很重要，所以对我们来说是时候回家看看长辈了。
（6）条件状语从句
常用引导词：it, unless, so long as, on condition that
1) I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.
只要有一丝希望，我就不会放弃。
2) On condition that love is a cup of poison, I will drink it up without hesitating.
如果爱是一杯毒药，我也会毫不犹豫地一饮而尽。
（7）让步状语从句
常用引导词 ：though, although，even if, even though
1) Liu is a beauty although she has a pair of small eyes.
虽然刘眼睛小，但是她是一个美女。
2) I love my boyfriend although he is a little lazy.
虽然我男朋友有点懒，但是我爱他。
在作文中，几乎每句话的后面都可以加一个由although 引导的让步状语从句；推荐在第二段分析原因时，用在某个比较短的原因的后西，用来拉长句子。
比如：
1) Pursuing stars blindly will waste a lot of time and energy although they may work hard or be quite handsome.
盲目追星会浪费我们很多时间和精力，尽管他们可能努力工作，或者很帅气。
2) Pets indeed bring much delight for my grandma although taking care of them needs time and energy.
虽然照顾宠物需要时间和精力，但是它们的确给我的奶奶带来了很多的快乐。
（8）方式状语从句
常用引导词：as，as if as though, in
The password was decoded in a dispassionate and objective manner.
通过一种冷静的、客观的方式，这个密码得到了破解。
（9）比较状语从句
常用引导词：as... as..., than, the more.. the more…
①“as...as...”原级的比较
1) Lin Zhiling looks as graceful as a red rose, who can take many people's breath away.
林志玲像红玫瑰那样优雅，美得令人室息。
2) Pollution is as serious as earthquakes, which has threatened our existence or even taken people's lives away.
污染跟地震一样严重，它已经威胁到我们的生存，甚至夺去了许多人的生命。
作文中出现形容词、副词的地方都可以考虑该句型，即比喻。
该句型的万能句型是：
Something（文章中心词）proves as important as air and water，which plays a key role in our daily life.
或者：Something（文章中心词）proves as grave as fatal diseases, which has threatened the existence of human beings.
推荐用在第一段的最后一句话或第三段的第一句话，来总结中心。
②the more... the more...
比如：
1) The harder one works, the luckier he will be. 越努力，越幸运。
2) The higher one climbs, the farther he will look. 爬得越高，看得越远。
3) The more quickly authorities take measures, the more effectively the issue will be resolved.
政府越快地采取措施，这个问题就能越有效地解决。
比如：
1) The more frequently cultures are exchanged, the more rapidly the economy will develop.
文化交流越频繁，经济发展越快。
2) The more intimately humans cooperate with their partners, the more effectively their work will be finished.
人们与同伴合作得越密切，他们越能高效地完成工作。
三、分词作状语
1．如何把状语从句写成分词作状语？
比如（状语从句）：
When I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我特别渴望长大。
第一步：把状语从句最明显的引导词 when 去掉。那现在就出现了一个错误的现象——逗号在连接两个句子。
I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
第二步：既然逗号不能连接两个句子，那就把前面的向子变成不是句子就行了。那怎么把句子变成不是句子呢？只需要把动词变成不是动词（非谓语动词)。
I being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
第三步：看非滑语的主语和后面向子的主语是否一致，如果一致，分词的主语省略；如果不一致，分词的主语保留。本句话，显然主语一致，所以去掉分词的主语。
Being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
2.是不是非得出现状语从句才能出现分词作状语？ 当然不是，你只要有意识地用逗号连接两个句子，都可以把那个次要的句子变成分词作状语。
比如：
自信是一种积极的心态，它能使很多奇迹降临。
Self-confidence is an active mentality, it enables many miracles to happen. Being an active mentality, self-confidence enables many miracles to happen.
把分词作为插人语的结果就是：
Self-confidence, being an active mentality, enables many miracles to happen.
该句型虽然可以改造任何两个句子，但是推荐在作文第一段描述一幅有一个主体、两个动作的图画时使用。
四、状语和状语从句在写作中的使用
任何一个句子都可以加一个状语的成分，拉长句子并且使向子完整。尤其是第一段描述图画时，如果句子不够长，别忘了加状语。
比如：
1… 我正在看刘晓艳写的书。
I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.
1）加副词：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan diligently.
2）加时间状语：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan at the moment.
3）加地点状语：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan cither on the sofa or on the bed.
4）加原因状语从句：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan because it is so interesting and attractive.
5）加让步状语从句：Although I don't want to take part in any examination, I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.
6）加结果状语从句（必须出现形容词或副词）：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan so crazily that I always forget to sleep at night.
7）加目的状语从句：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible.
8）写成比较结构：As diligent as a bee, I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.
一 、什么是状语
1. 定义
状语就是在一个句子中修饰实义动词、形容词、副词的成分。
2. 成分
（1）副词作状语
She smiles sweetly.
She cries sadly.
（2）介词短语作状语
He runs fast like a crazy dog.
He always sits in front of me.
（3）分词、不定式作状语
He leaves, crying.
All kids went home, accompanied by their parents.
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
（4）从句作状语 They were singing songs when the teacher came in. They are absent from class because they all dislike the teacher.
3. 位置
状语的位置极其灵活，可以随便放，但是通常放在句首或句末，如果放在句首的话，通常用逗号隔开。
比如：In Chongqing, I am now working.
I am now working in Chongqing.
二、状语从句
1. 状语从句的分类
状语从句按照引导词本身的意思一共分为九类：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
2. 九大状语从句及引导词
（1）时间状语从句
常用引导词 ：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, not…until
1) When love comes, I will hold her hands.
当爱来临的时候，我会牵住她的手。
2) I fell in love with the girl as soon as I saw her.
我一见到那个女孩就爱上她了。
（2）地点状语从句
常用引导词：where, wherever
1) Wherever you go, whatever you do, I am just here waiting for you.
无论你去哪里，你做什么，我都会在这里等你。
2) The flower grows well where it is moist.
这种花在潮湿的地方生长得很好。
（3）原因状语从句
常用引导词 ：because, since, as, for。
需要注意的是一些介词短语，也翻译成 “因为”，但它们后面只能跟名词不能跟从句，如： cause of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the sake of, as a result of.
Because he was careless, he had a car accident yesterday.
或者：Because of his carelessness, he had a car accident yesterday.
因为粗心，他昨天出了一场车祸。
需要注意的是在这些表示 “因为”的短语中，due to 通常放句末，不放句首；而owing to 通常放句首，不放句末。其他的短语则可的可后。
Owing to tolerance between the couple, the marriage can last long. The marriage can last long due to tolerance between the couple.
夫妻之间的相互包容才得以使婚姻长久。
（4）目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
常见的动词不定式有to，in order to， so as to，其后跟动词原形。
1) I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that I could have a brighter future.
或者：I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates in order to have a brighter future.
为了能有一个更美好的未来，我决定考研。
2) Parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies in order that their daughters or sons will not worry about them.
或者：In order not to make their children worry about them, parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies.
为了不让儿女担心，慢慢老去的父母;总是对他们说着各种各样的谎话。
（5）结果状语从句
常用引导词：so...that。
1) Itis so hot in summer here that I decide to depart.
这里夏天太热了以至于我决定要离开。
2） My mother keeps so beautiful that many middle aged men love her.
我妈妈一直很漂亮以至于很多中年男人都喜欢她。
3) I am so delighted that I cannot help singing at midnight.
我特别开心以至于我在半夜情不自禁地唱起了歌。
4) Chinese become so self-confident at present that they dare pursue their dreams without any fear.
中国人现在变得如此自信以至于他们敢无所畏惧地追求自己的梦想。
结果状语从句是写作满分表达。只要出现形容词或副词的地方都可以写成该句型； 推荐在大作文第三段第一句总结的时候使用。
1) As a consequence, pollution becomes so grave that quite a few measures should be taken to relieve the current situation.
总之，污染变得很严重以至于需要采取很多措施来缓解目前的情况。 2) Filial piety is so important that it is time for us to go home to visit our elders.
孝敬长辈很重要，所以对我们来说是时候回家看看长辈了。
（6）条件状语从句
常用引导词：it, unless, so long as, on condition that
1) I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.
只要有一丝希望，我就不会放弃。
2) On condition that love is a cup of poison, I will drink it up without hesitating.
如果爱是一杯毒药，我也会毫不犹豫地一饮而尽。
（7）让步状语从句
常用引导词 ：though, although，even if, even though
1) Liu is a beauty although she has a pair of small eyes.
虽然刘眼睛小，但是她是一个美女。
2) I love my boyfriend although he is a little lazy.
虽然我男朋友有点懒，但是我爱他。
在作文中，几乎每句话的后面都可以加一个由although 引导的让步状语从句；推荐在第二段分析原因时，用在某个比较短的原因的后西，用来拉长句子。
比如：
1) Pursuing stars blindly will waste a lot of time and energy although they may work hard or be quite handsome.
盲目追星会浪费我们很多时间和精力，尽管他们可能努力工作，或者很帅气。
2) Pets indeed bring much delight for my grandma although taking care of them needs time and energy.
虽然照顾宠物需要时间和精力，但是它们的确给我的奶奶带来了很多的快乐。
（8）方式状语从句
常用引导词：as，as if as though, in
The password was decoded in a dispassionate and objective manner.
通过一种冷静的、客观的方式，这个密码得到了破解。
（9）比较状语从句
常用引导词：as... as..., than, the more.. the more…
①“as...as...”原级的比较
1) Lin Zhiling looks as graceful as a red rose, who can take many people's breath away.
林志玲像红玫瑰那样优雅，美得令人室息。
2) Pollution is as serious as earthquakes, which has threatened our existence or even taken people's lives away.
污染跟地震一样严重，它已经威胁到我们的生存，甚至夺去了许多人的生命。
作文中出现形容词、副词的地方都可以考虑该句型，即比喻。
该句型的万能句型是：
Something（文章中心词）proves as important as air and water，which plays a key role in our daily life.
或者：Something（文章中心词）proves as grave as fatal diseases, which has threatened the existence of human beings.
推荐用在第一段的最后一句话或第三段的第一句话，来总结中心。
②the more... the more...
比如：
1) The harder one works, the luckier he will be. 越努力，越幸运。
2) The higher one climbs, the farther he will look. 爬得越高，看得越远。
3) The more quickly authorities take measures, the more effectively the issue will be resolved.
政府越快地采取措施，这个问题就能越有效地解决。
比如：
1) The more frequently cultures are exchanged, the more rapidly the economy will develop.
文化交流越频繁，经济发展越快。
2) The more intimately humans cooperate with their partners, the more effectively their work will be finished.
人们与同伴合作得越密切，他们越能高效地完成工作。
三、分词作状语
1．如何把状语从句写成分词作状语？
比如（状语从句）：
When I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我特别渴望长大。
第一步：把状语从句最明显的引导词 when 去掉。那现在就出现了一个错误的现象——逗号在连接两个句子。
I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
第二步：既然逗号不能连接两个句子，那就把前面的向子变成不是句子就行了。那怎么把句子变成不是句子呢？只需要把动词变成不是动词（非谓语动词)。
I being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
第三步：看非滑语的主语和后面向子的主语是否一致，如果一致，分词的主语省略；如果不一致，分词的主语保留。本句话，显然主语一致，所以去掉分词的主语。
Being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
2.是不是非得出现状语从句才能出现分词作状语？ 当然不是，你只要有意识地用逗号连接两个句子，都可以把那个次要的句子变成分词作状语。
比如：
自信是一种积极的心态，它能使很多奇迹降临。
Self-confidence is an active mentality, it enables many miracles to happen. Being an active mentality, self-confidence enables many miracles to happen.
把分词作为插人语的结果就是：
Self-confidence, being an active mentality, enables many miracles to happen.
该句型虽然可以改造任何两个句子，但是推荐在作文第一段描述一幅有一个主体、两个动作的图画时使用。
四、状语和状语从句在写作中的使用
任何一个句子都可以加一个状语的成分，拉长句子并且使向子完整。尤其是第一段描述图画时，如果句子不够长，别忘了加状语。
比如：
1… 我正在看刘晓艳写的书。
I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.
1）加副词：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan diligently.
2）加时间状语：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan at the moment.
3）加地点状语：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan cither on the sofa or on the bed.
4）加原因状语从句：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan because it is so interesting and attractive.
5）加让步状语从句：Although I don't want to take part in any examination, I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.
6）加结果状语从句（必须出现形容词或副词）：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan so crazily that I always forget to sleep at night.
7）加目的状语从句：I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan in order that I can improve my grammar as quickly as possible.
8）写成比较结构：As diligent as a bee, I am reading the book written by Liu Xiaoyan.