2024届高考英语一轮复习写作之特殊结构（二）讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语一轮复习写作之特殊结构（二）讲义 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-02-17 16:26:31 | ||
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高考英语写作——英语的特殊结构（二）
四、插入语
1.定义
插入语是指插在句子中的词语或句子，其位置比较灵活，通常被逗号、破折号隔开，与句子的其他部分之问没有语法上的关系。其作用是对一向话的附加解释、说明或总结，有时表示说话人的态度和看法，有时起强调作用，有时是为了引起对方的注意，还可以起转移话题或说明原因的作用，也可以承上启下，使语句间的街接更紧密。
2. 插入语在写作中的使用
（1）副词作插入语，常见的有undoubtedly, indeed, surely, obviously，briefly，actually, similarly，exactly 等。
比如：Respecting parents, undoubtedly, keeps a Chinese traditional virtue.
再如：Cooperation, actually, is a necessity to success.
（2）介词短语作插入语，常见的有：
for my part, from my perspective, in short, on the contrary, in other words, in a/some sense, in general, in one's opinion, in conclusion, in reality, as a matter of fact, in addition, in return, as a consequence/result
比如 ：The story about the hen, for my part, seeks to draw our attention to the issue of honesty.
再如：The public, in conclusion, should do something to relieve the current situation.
（3）不定式短语作插入语，常见的有
to be frank, to tell the truth, to be honest, to be sure, to make the matter worse 等
比如 ：Those charming actors, to be frank, are hard-working when they perform on the stage.
（4） 分句作插入语，常见的有
1 believe, I suppose, I'm afraid, what's more, you know, that is (to say), as far as I know, as far as I'm concerned，believe it or not 等。
比如：Overfishing, believe it or not, has become a widespread problem around the world.
（5）现在分词短语作插入语，常见的有
honestly speaking, generally speaking, strictly speaking 等
比如 ：The number of fishes, strictly speaking, has decreased sharply in ten years.
插入语可以插在任何一句话的主谓之问，使语言业得很正式。但是推荐写在第一段尾句或第二段、第三段首句的主谓之间。
五、修辞
1. 比喻
...is to humans as the foundation is to high skyscrapers. …
对人类来说就像地基对高楼大厦一样重要。
…is to humans as water is to fish. …
对人类来说就像水对鱼一样重要。
...is to the common as incurable diseases are to poor patients. …
对人来说就像无法治愈的病对可怜的病人一样严重。
Men fear..., as children fear to walk in the dark.
人类害怕…，就像孩子害怕在黑暗中行走一样。
As every coin has two sides, ...is no exception.
事物都有两面性，…也不例外。
As no garden has no weeds,... has its own shortcomings.
就像没有花园无杂草一样，…也有它自己的缺点。
As every magic book has its weak points, ...has its own weakness.
就像每一个魔法书都有它的缺点一样，…也有它自己的缺点。
比喻可以在第一段尾句或第三段首句总结文章中心的时候使用。
2. 排比
（1）名词排比 History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstract subjects have to be learned from books, or primarily from books. 历史、哲学、基础数学或其他抽象学科必须来自书本或者主要来自书本。
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情控制着：对爱的渴型、对知识的寻求和对人类苦难的难以承受的同情。
With God's help, the future of mankind will be assured in a world of justice, harmony, and peace. 在上帝的庇佑下，人类的未来将在一个公正、和谐、和平的世界里得到保障。
（2）形容词或副词排比
a small and peaceful town 一个小而安静的城镇
a stupid and incorrect decision 一个愚蠢而错误的决定
a direct and simple yet magically effective method
一个直接而简单但是有着神奇效果的方法
A conscientious professor always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently and prudentially.
一个尽职尽责的教授总会认真地、明智地、谨慎地准备他的讲课。
We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust and alive. But there are many mountains yet to climb. (Ronald Reagan, American president)
我们正再次创建一个繁荣、强大和生机勃勃的国家，但是仍然有很多的因难要克服。(美国总统，罗纳德 里根）
We were in the midst of shock but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively. (Franklin D. Roosevelt, American president)
我们正处在危机之中，但是我们行动了，我们快速、大胆、果断地采取了行动。(美国总统，富兰克林 德拉诺 罗斯福）
（3）比较级排比
The impact that technology has had on our modern life and society, in general, is undeniable. The computer will become even greater as it gets faster, smaller, smarter, and so inexpensive is it that virtually everyone will be able to own one.
技术对我们现代生活和社会的影响通常是不可否认的。电脑变得更快、更小、更智能的同时，其功能会变得更强大。并且它会更加低价，以至于几乎每个人都可以拥有它。
（4）非谓语动词排比 As one of modern college students, I get online everyday to acquire the information I need, to download the music and movies I like, and to chat with the friends I miss.
作为一名现代大学生，我每天上网获取我需要的信息，下载我喜欢的音乐和电影，和我想念的朋友聊天。
This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. (Franklin D. Roosevelt, American president)
这个伟大的民族将会忍受它所忍受的一切，将会复苏，将会繁荣昌盛。(美国总统，富兰克林 德拉诺 罗斯福）
（5）从句的排比
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
如果有谁在怀疑美国是否是一个万事皆可能发生的国度，有谁在怀疑我们祖先的梦想在我们这个年代是否依然存在，有谁还在怀疑我们国家民主的力量，今晚就是给你们答案的时候。
Let us take as our goal: where peace is unknown, make it welcome; where peace is fragile, make it strong; where peace is temporary, make it permanent. (Richard Nixon, American president)
这些成为我们的目标：让世界上不知道和平的地方有和平；在和平脆弱的地方使其强大； 在和平短暂的地方使其长久。(美国总统，理查德 尼克松）
四、插入语
1.定义
插入语是指插在句子中的词语或句子，其位置比较灵活，通常被逗号、破折号隔开，与句子的其他部分之问没有语法上的关系。其作用是对一向话的附加解释、说明或总结，有时表示说话人的态度和看法，有时起强调作用，有时是为了引起对方的注意，还可以起转移话题或说明原因的作用，也可以承上启下，使语句间的街接更紧密。
2. 插入语在写作中的使用
（1）副词作插入语，常见的有undoubtedly, indeed, surely, obviously，briefly，actually, similarly，exactly 等。
比如：Respecting parents, undoubtedly, keeps a Chinese traditional virtue.
再如：Cooperation, actually, is a necessity to success.
（2）介词短语作插入语，常见的有：
for my part, from my perspective, in short, on the contrary, in other words, in a/some sense, in general, in one's opinion, in conclusion, in reality, as a matter of fact, in addition, in return, as a consequence/result
比如 ：The story about the hen, for my part, seeks to draw our attention to the issue of honesty.
再如：The public, in conclusion, should do something to relieve the current situation.
（3）不定式短语作插入语，常见的有
to be frank, to tell the truth, to be honest, to be sure, to make the matter worse 等
比如 ：Those charming actors, to be frank, are hard-working when they perform on the stage.
（4） 分句作插入语，常见的有
1 believe, I suppose, I'm afraid, what's more, you know, that is (to say), as far as I know, as far as I'm concerned，believe it or not 等。
比如：Overfishing, believe it or not, has become a widespread problem around the world.
（5）现在分词短语作插入语，常见的有
honestly speaking, generally speaking, strictly speaking 等
比如 ：The number of fishes, strictly speaking, has decreased sharply in ten years.
插入语可以插在任何一句话的主谓之问，使语言业得很正式。但是推荐写在第一段尾句或第二段、第三段首句的主谓之间。
五、修辞
1. 比喻
...is to humans as the foundation is to high skyscrapers. …
对人类来说就像地基对高楼大厦一样重要。
…is to humans as water is to fish. …
对人类来说就像水对鱼一样重要。
...is to the common as incurable diseases are to poor patients. …
对人来说就像无法治愈的病对可怜的病人一样严重。
Men fear..., as children fear to walk in the dark.
人类害怕…，就像孩子害怕在黑暗中行走一样。
As every coin has two sides, ...is no exception.
事物都有两面性，…也不例外。
As no garden has no weeds,... has its own shortcomings.
就像没有花园无杂草一样，…也有它自己的缺点。
As every magic book has its weak points, ...has its own weakness.
就像每一个魔法书都有它的缺点一样，…也有它自己的缺点。
比喻可以在第一段尾句或第三段首句总结文章中心的时候使用。
2. 排比
（1）名词排比 History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstract subjects have to be learned from books, or primarily from books. 历史、哲学、基础数学或其他抽象学科必须来自书本或者主要来自书本。
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.
我的一生被三种简单却又无比强烈的激情控制着：对爱的渴型、对知识的寻求和对人类苦难的难以承受的同情。
With God's help, the future of mankind will be assured in a world of justice, harmony, and peace. 在上帝的庇佑下，人类的未来将在一个公正、和谐、和平的世界里得到保障。
（2）形容词或副词排比
a small and peaceful town 一个小而安静的城镇
a stupid and incorrect decision 一个愚蠢而错误的决定
a direct and simple yet magically effective method
一个直接而简单但是有着神奇效果的方法
A conscientious professor always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently and prudentially.
一个尽职尽责的教授总会认真地、明智地、谨慎地准备他的讲课。
We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust and alive. But there are many mountains yet to climb. (Ronald Reagan, American president)
我们正再次创建一个繁荣、强大和生机勃勃的国家，但是仍然有很多的因难要克服。(美国总统，罗纳德 里根）
We were in the midst of shock but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively. (Franklin D. Roosevelt, American president)
我们正处在危机之中，但是我们行动了，我们快速、大胆、果断地采取了行动。(美国总统，富兰克林 德拉诺 罗斯福）
（3）比较级排比
The impact that technology has had on our modern life and society, in general, is undeniable. The computer will become even greater as it gets faster, smaller, smarter, and so inexpensive is it that virtually everyone will be able to own one.
技术对我们现代生活和社会的影响通常是不可否认的。电脑变得更快、更小、更智能的同时，其功能会变得更强大。并且它会更加低价，以至于几乎每个人都可以拥有它。
（4）非谓语动词排比 As one of modern college students, I get online everyday to acquire the information I need, to download the music and movies I like, and to chat with the friends I miss.
作为一名现代大学生，我每天上网获取我需要的信息，下载我喜欢的音乐和电影，和我想念的朋友聊天。
This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. (Franklin D. Roosevelt, American president)
这个伟大的民族将会忍受它所忍受的一切，将会复苏，将会繁荣昌盛。(美国总统，富兰克林 德拉诺 罗斯福）
（5）从句的排比
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
如果有谁在怀疑美国是否是一个万事皆可能发生的国度，有谁在怀疑我们祖先的梦想在我们这个年代是否依然存在，有谁还在怀疑我们国家民主的力量，今晚就是给你们答案的时候。
Let us take as our goal: where peace is unknown, make it welcome; where peace is fragile, make it strong; where peace is temporary, make it permanent. (Richard Nixon, American president)
这些成为我们的目标：让世界上不知道和平的地方有和平；在和平脆弱的地方使其强大； 在和平短暂的地方使其长久。(美国总统，理查德 尼克松）