2024届高考英语写作之定语和定语从句的运用讲义

高考英语写作——定语和定语从句
一、什么是定语
定语就是修饰名（代）词的成分。
二、定语的成分
1.形容词作定语
She is really a graceful lady.
An innocent girl is looking at you when you are having dinner.
2. 名词作定语
He dropped the coffee cup and broke it. 他把咖啡杯打碎了。
The policeman conducted us safely to the railway station. 警
察把我们安全地护送到火车站。
3. 介词短语作定语
The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the young man.
窗外的夜莺听到了年经人的感叹。
I never fall in love with the boy in front of me.
我从来都不会爱上我前面的那个男生。
4. 分词、不定式（非谓语）作定语
In the end, the singing nightingale died because of love.
唱歌的夜莺最终因爱死了。
The innocent nightingale must love the student deceived by the girl.
单纯的夜莺一定爱那个被女孩欺骗的学生。
5. 从句作定语
The rose which the bird exchanged with her life failed to help the man.
鸟儿用生命换来的玫瑰花并没有帮助到那个人。
The girl who looks so innocent is actually a cheater.
那个看起来很单纯的女孩事实上是个骗子。
三、定语的位置
前小后大——当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前面：当两个以上的单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词的后面。但是，注意过去分词作定语时，即使是一个单词也通常放在名词后。
比如：他是一个被抛弃的男人。
He is a man abandoned.
四、定语在写作中的使用
1.每当出现名词都可以试图加定语成分，把句子拉长并且使语言生动 比如：
①养宠物可以缓解孤独感。
Keeping pets can reduce loneliness.
加上定语的效果是：
Keeping pets which look so cute and lovely can reduce loneliness of some old citizens am children who stay at home alone.
② 盲目追星会浪费时间。
Pursuing stars blindly will waste time.
加上定语的效果是：
Pursuing stars looking so handsome or beautiful blindly will waste time of young men who should spend more time and energy on their studies.
作文中只要见到名词就试图给它加定语，第一段描述图画,时通常都要加定语，这样可以使语言更生动。
2.使用非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的内容
1) ...which has been widely accepted by the public.
2) ...which leaves readers quite a deep impression.
3) ...which has provoked the public's widespread attention.
4) ...which might have brought us unexpected trouble.
5) ...which may give rise to even more dreadful consequences.
Cultural exchange may lead Chinese to a more brilliant future, which has been widely accepted by the public.
Parents have spent years of energy and time bringing their kids up, which leaves readers quite a deep impression.
本句型推荐用在第二段某个比较短的原因的后面，补充前面内容，并且拉长句子。
课后练习
1.外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心很高尚。
___________________________________________________________
2.人生最大的精神财富是笑容、优雅、自信，拥有了它们你就拥有了一切。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.《孤儿》是我看过的最恐怖的一部电影。
___________________________________________________________
4.继父经常在假期里带她出国旅游，这让她的朋友羡慕不已。
___________________________________________________________
5. 足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。
___________________________________________________________
6.这个世界上，没有一个人可以让你一直依靠，路需要自己走。
___________________________________________________________
7. 曾经全力以赴实现梦想的人即使最终没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.课堂上不集中精力、希望通过自己的课下努力通过考试的学生，常常会发现事倍功半。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.孩子能选择学习的科目越多，家长就越能发现他们感兴趣和擅长的领域。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. 能澄清我观点的例子有很多，但是下面的这个是最合理的。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11.追那些帅气而年轻的明星浪费了年轻人很多宝贵的时间，而这些时间可以花费在他们的学习上。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12.一只肥胖又骄傲的老母鸡正在给自己刚下的蛋打广告。
___________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. The one who looks extremely indecent is really noble in nature.
2. The greatest spiritual wealth in one's life is smile, elegance and self-confidence. If you possess them, you will have all.
3. Orphan is the most horrible movie that I have ever seen.
4. The stepfather often takes her to travel abroad during the holidays, which makes her friends envy her.
5. Football keeps a team work which trains children to cooperate with one another.
6. In the world, there exists no one who you can count on all the time. So you need to walk your own way alone.
7. Those who spare no efforts to realize their dreams will never feel regretful even if they fail finally, which is quite significant.
8. Those who fail to concentrate in class but hope to pass the examination by their own endeavors after class often find that they just get half the result with twice the effort.
9. The more subjects kids can choose, the better chances parents will have of discovering the field which their kids have interest in and are good at.
10. There exist abundant cases which can be used to clarify my point. Nevertheless, the following one is the most sound.
11. Pursuing stars who look rather handsome as well as young is a great waste of the precious time of youngsters which could be spent on their study.
12. A hen being fat and proud is making an advertisement for her egg which was laid by herself just now.