人教版选择性必修一第一册第一单元测试卷
考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分
听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
When did Mo Yan receive the Mao Dun Literature Prize
A. In 2011. B. In 2012. C. In 2013.
2. Why does the man admire Qian Xuesen
A. Because Qian Xuesen played a vital role in China’s space programme.
B. Because Qian Xuesen was a genius physicist.
C. Because Qian Xuesen had a strong passion for knowledge.
3. What are they talking about
A. Whether an apple really fell on Newton’s head.
B. When Newton developed his law of universal gravitation(万有引力).
C. How Newton got inspired by falling apples.
4. Who are they talking about
A. A German professor.
B. A math teacher.
C. A German mathematician.
5. What can be inferred about Hua Luogeng
A. He taught himself mathematics.
B. He received a formal university education.
C. He dropped out of school because of poor health.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。现在你有 10 秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
Who was Plato
A. A Greek philosopher.
B. A famous politician.
C. A remarkable historian.
7. Who was Plato’s teacher
A. Aristotle.
B. Socrates.
C. Nobody. He was self-taught.
听下面一段对话，回答第 8 和第 9 两个小题。现在你有 10 秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
8. What are the speakers probably doing
A. They are interviewing famous people.
B. They are talking about famous kung fu stars.
C. They are playing a guessing game.
9. What can we learn from the conversation
A. Jackie Chan has played kung fu in many action movies.
B. Su Bingtian is the second Chinese to enter Olympic men’s 100m final.
C. Both Jackie Chan and Su Bingtian come from Hong Kong, China.
听下面一段对话，回答第 10 至第 12 三个小题。现在你有 15 秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
What was Walt Disney famous for
Drawing many comic books.
Writing many extraordinary novels.
Creating fun animal characters.
11. Which movie doesn’t belong to Hayao Miyazaki
A. Spirited Away.
B. Howl’s Moving Castle.
C. Mickey Mouse.
12. What do Walt Disney and Hayao Miyazaki have in common
A. They both have won many awards.
B. They are both Americans filmmakers.
C. They both have made few remarkable achievements.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。
What makes Sam upset
The flow chart.
The history essay.
The math formula.
14. How does the woman feel about her essay
A. Pleased. B. Unsatisfied. C. Bored.
15. What can the man write about according to the woman
A. Someone who is very famous.
B. Someone who he can get lots of information about.
C. Someone who has made numerous achievements.
16. What’s Joseph Conrad’s job before becoming a writer
A. A sailor. B. A firefighter. C. A salesman.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。
What has she devoted herself to
Fighting for girls’ rights to education.
Fighting for girls’ rights to vote.
Fighting for girls’ rights to speak.
18. How old was Malala when she won the Nobel Peace Prize
A. 70. B. 17. C. 71.
What can we know about the book I Am Malala
It talks little about her life.
It is a really wonderful brilliant book.
It is a book difficult to understand.
20. Which word can best describe Malala
A. Committed. B. Gentle. C. Stubborn.
第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Amy is doing a project on great literary writers. By now, she has collected some information.
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 — 18 July 1817) was an English novelist. Austen’s plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favorable social standing and economic security. Her uses of biting irony, along with her realism, humor and social commentary, have long earned her praise.
With the publication of Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma, she achieved success. She wrote two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion and began another, titled Sanditon, but died before its completion. Her novels have inspired many films.
Charles Dickens (7 February 1812 — 9 June 1870) was an English writer. He created some of the world’s best-known fictional characters. By the twentieth century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius.
Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are frequently adapted. A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. Dickens has been praised for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterizations and social criticism.
Mark Twain ( November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910 ) , was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer.
Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the latter often called “ The Great American Novel” .
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, based on a story that he heard at Angels Hotel in Angels Camp, California, was published in 1865. The short story brought international attention. His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers.
Arthur Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 —7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes. In 1887 he published A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels about Holmes and Dr. Watson.
The Sherlock Holmes stories are considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.
Which work was produced earliest
A. Sense and Sensibility. B. Great Expectations.
C. A Tale of Two Cities. D. A Study in Scarlet.
22. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Jane Austen published Sanditon before her death.
B. Charles Dickens’ works include crime fiction and fantasy.
C. The stories in A Tale of Two Cities happened in London and Paris.
D. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is recognized as “ The Great American Novel” .
23. According to the passage, what do the four people have in common
A. All of them were English writers.
B. All of them were fond of using biting irony.
C. All of them adapted some of their works for films.
D. All of them have made great achievements in literature.
B
Eileen Gu – also known by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing – was born in 2003 in San Francisco. Her father is American and her mother is Chinese. Eileen started skiing when she was only three years old and became champion of the junior group of the USA Snowboard and Freeski Association at the age of nine. She earned her first World Cup victory at the FIS Freeski World Cup Slopestyle in Seiser Alm, Italy in January 2019. Then, on June 6 of the same year, she announced that she would be representing China competitively via her Instagram account.
Feb 8 was Gu Ailing’s day, when she won gold in the women’s freestyle skiing big air event at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Gu made history that day, as it was her first time at the Olympics. It was also the first time a Chinese athlete participated in the contest and struck gold. She was expectedly trending on social networking sites.
Yet, the gold medal is not the only reason behind Gu’s increasing popularity. After the first two rounds, Gu was trailing far behind her French competitor Tess Ledeux. However, she strove hard and made it in her last jump. Besides, when she got gold and Ledeux got silver, Gu was graceful enough to hug the latter in a tight embrace. In interviews after the contest, Gu said she participated in the Winter Olympics not to defeat her rivals but to do her best.
What really helped her win so many hearts was her reaction to difficult queries on Twitter and Facebook, where some asked why she competed for China when she grew up in the United States. She was subjected to similar queries in news conferences before and after the contest, but she breezed through them. Sample some of her answers. “I feel just as American as Chinese. I don’t feel I’m taking advantage of one or another. They understand that my mission is to foster a connection between countries and not be a divisive force.”
Gu came across as not just another athlete, but a woman with a warm heart and an open mind. Her virtues, namely fearlessness, confidence and openness, helped her resonate with audiences on both sides of the Pacific. Maybe those shooting questions at her should learn a little from her.
24.What can we learn about Gu Ailing
A. She began learning skiing at an early age and soon showed her talent.
B. She earned her first World Cup victory when she was only 14.
C. She publicized her decision to compete for China in an interview.
D. She was the first Chinese athlete to participate in the Olympics.
25. Why did Gu Ailing competed for China regardless of her American background
A. To win gold medal more easily.
B. To win audience’s hearts.
C. To promote the unity between countries.
D. To become well-known on social networking sites.
26. What’s the author’s attitude to those shooting questions at Gu Ailing
A. Admiring. B. Disapproving. C. Understanding. D. Indifferent.
27. what’s the best title of the passage？
A. Gu Ailing — a unique gold winner.
B. Gu Ailing — a girl making history.
C. Gu Ailing — an excellent athlete.
D. Gu Ailing — a girl competing for China.
C
Photosynthesis (光合作用) is a unique skill of green plants — they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists however “copied” the process on animals.
To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules.
In the study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent and controllable photosynthetic system. They separated thylakoids (类囊体), a part of the cell where light reactions take place in plants, from young spinach leaves. The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.
The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis（关节炎）, meaning cells in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves. With the thylakoids implanted into the mice and exposed to light the mice recovered. Their metabolism (新陈代谢) returned to normal.
The researchers also claimed that their tests would have medical usage. It can be used as part of the solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells. The study showed “an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers from the University of Seville in Spain, reported Xinhua.
28. Why does the author mention “photosynthesis” in paragraph 1
A. To raise readers’ interest.
B. To lead up to the topic.
C. To introduce a new way of photosynthesis.
D. To show the popularity of photosynthesis.
29. How did implanted thylakoids fit a foreign body in the study
A. They were exposed to the light.
B. They stored energy within the plant cell.
C. They were separated by a part of the cell.
D. They were surrounded by animal cells.
30. What does the underlined word “degenerated” mean in paragraph 4
A. Developed. B. Died. C. Worsened. D. Brought.
31. What does the last paragraph intend to tell us
A. the solution for degenerative diseases.
B. the way of delaying the aging process in cells.
C. the achievement of metabolism.
D. the potential applications of the research.
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
Pocket parks are now popular. B. People enjoy living close to nature.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 4
A. The same nature experience takes different forms.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal growth doesn’t appear without reasons. 36 Self-development requires hard work, commitment and an ever growing skill. So, what new skills do you need to power forward
On your journey toward your best self, you need to set goals. The key is balance: If your objectives are too high, you’ll feel defeated when you fall short. 37 The better approach is to think in milestones. If you want to be a novelist, don’t set a goal to finish a book in a week. Focus on getting a couple of pages done each day, or on writing a chapter each week. This measurable progress is acknowledged to be more sustainable and fulfilling.
38 To keep going when times are tough, you have to learn to evaluate and manage your stress levels. You can try distinct ways to keep your head on straight, such as jogging and light walks. If you need to take Sundays off to recharge for the next week, it’s more than acceptable to do so.
It is more natural for some people than others to obtain the skill of organization. If you’re a naturally messy person, start small. Otherwise, you’ll be at a loss. Focus on the places where you spend the most time. 39 If physical cleaning is stressful, start by cutting out files from your computer. Believe it or not, one clean space plays a crucial part in the rest of your life.
On the road of personal development, you’ll encounter some problems. Nobody but you can solve these from your path. 40 If you try to do your best work, apparently, anxiety will arise. Instead of struggling through it, quietly take a mental health day.
Personal development needs stress management.
Clean up your bedroom or your car.
You can’t expect to obtain new skills the next day.
You will find it helpful in the way of your growth.
That’s why problem solving is a vital skill for self development.
You absolutely don’t need to make remarkable progress.
Start too small, and you’ll become satisfied with your progress too early.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After being homeschooled and starting college at 11-years-old, Thessalonika Arzu-Embry is still miles 41 her peers academically. At just 17-year-old, she is now studying for her 42 .
In the fall of 2016, Arzu-Embry started a Ph.D. program in aviation psychology (航空心理学). Her 43 in aviation was excited by her father, a private 44 , who now works at O’Hare International Airport.
“When I began to think about a profession, I chose one 45 I could make an impact,” Black Doctor reports her saying. “I feel 46 for the opportunity to help others at an early age.”
She 47 that her aviation psychology degree will give her the knowledge needed to prevent “human factor errors” that can 48 plane crashes. She says the psychology aspect will help her to understand if a pilot is 49 , stressed out or dealing with other issues that can 50 impact their performance on the job.
51 being on the fast track to earning her doctorate, Azru-Embry is also pursuing various business projects. Besides developing apps for Google and Apple systems, she is pushing the five 52 she’s written and attending speaking engagements to 53 other people to do what she’s doing. So far, her has published books include “Settled: Justice for All,” “In the Future,” “Then Genius Race,” “Jump the Education Barrier,” and “Perspicacious Investing.”
54 you can see, Thessalonika has already 55 a lot, and she’s just getting started.
41.A.next to B.ahead of C.behind D.beside
42.A.master’s B.bachelor’s C.doctorate D.scholarship
43.A.success B.failure C.talent D.interest
44.A.astronaut B.businessman C.novelist D.pilot
45.A.when B.where C.which D.why
46.A.puzzled B.embarrassed C.disappointed D.honored
47.A.hopes B.wonders C.suggests D.concludes
48.A.cause B.analyse C.acknowledge D.obtain
49.A.relaxed B.pleased C.anxious D.calm
50.A.positively B.neutrally C.distinctly D.negatively
51.A.In addition to B.Rather than C.As a consequence of D.Instead of
52.A.letters B.books C.novels D.poems
53.A.inspire B.insist C.demand D.order
54.A.Who B.As C.What D.How
55.A.founded B.evaluated C.achieved D.defeated
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Professor Yang Chen Ning, a Nobel Prize winner in physics and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, turned 100 years old on Wednesday. President Xi Jinping sent his 56 (good) wishes to Professor Yang on his birthday.
Yang was born in Hefei, east China’s Anhui Province,in 1922. In 1957, Yang shared the Nobel Prize in Physics 57 Tsung-Dao Lee for work on the so-called parity laws, 58 led to crucial discoveries about elementary particles(基本粒子). The Yang-Mills gauge theory introduced by him is one of the most important 59 (achievement) of physics in the 20th century.
As a child, Yang was full of passion. He watched movies in the auditorium （礼堂）with his parents; he formed a cheerleading squad（啦啦队） in the stadium with friends, 60 (cheer) for the athletes of Tsinghua; he went skating on the frozen lotus pond during the cold winters... Yang later joked that he was not a well-behaved child when he was young. He climbed every tree in Tsinghua. 61 , his father never corrected him too much for his unruly behaviors.
As a professor in Tsinghua, Yang committed 62 (he) to doing teaching as well as doing 63 (science) research. In the fall semester of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang 64 (insist) on lecturing in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour session per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. 65 (apparent), his role provides a good example for the students to copy.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom开始学习中国文学，写信询问鲁迅其人及其作品，请你给他写一封回信。要点如下：
1.介绍鲁迅及其作品。
2.认为读鲁迅作品对他很有益处。
词数:80 左右
参考词汇：《阿Q正传》：The True Story of AH Q 《祝福》：The New Year’s Sacrifice
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。
“Boys, get ready! You have two weeks to prepare for the Sports Day,” our sports teacher announced.
We were all excited about it. I was chosen with some other boys for the relay race (接力跑). There were 15 students to be divided into five groups. Everybody was waiting for the teams to be announced so that we could all practice for it.
The next day, our sports teacher came in with a list in his hands and began to announce the team members.
“The members in the first team are Alan, Eric and Carter, and in the second team…” he went on.
I was shocked to hear my name in it. Eric was one of the slowest boys in our class! I was really upset and complained to my sports teacher that it would be difficult for my team to win this race.
The teacher said, “The names are final. You still have two weeks, so work hard instead of complaining!”
From then on, every day we had a practice race.
On the first day, my team came last. I was unhappy. I went home and was thinking about my race when suddenly my father’s words came to my mind.
“Teamwork always pays off!” I remembered him saying and then telling me how his team succeeded in winning the football game in his school through teamwork.
So I tried to stay positive, and the next day I went to school with a new strategy. I went over to Alan and talked to him about what I had in mind. He agreed to help me.
Alan and I decided to improve Eric’s running speed. From that day onwards, we ran with Eric two to three times around our school grounds twice a day. We also practiced hard to improve our coordination (配合). After a few days, we came fourth out of five teams, which was an improvement since the first practice.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Days passed until finally our Sports Day arrived. _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To our surprise, Eric managed to maintain that advantage. _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
人教版选择性必修一第一册第一单元测试卷答案解析
听力答案
听力：1-5:AACCA 6-10:ABCAC 11-15:CABAB 16-20:AABBA
1.理解具体信息。根据对话中 “In 2012, just one year after he received the Mao Dun Literature Prize for his novel Frog.” 可知，莫言获得矛盾文学奖是在2012的前一年，所以是2011年。故选A。
2.理解具体信息。根据对话中 “...he was the most important figure in China’s space programme. I really admire him.” 可知，钱学森在中国的航天计划中扮演着重要的角色。故选A。
3.理解主旨大意。根据对话中 “It led to him eventually developing his law of universal gravitation.” 可知，说话者们在谈论牛顿是如何从落下的苹果中受到启发的。故选C。
4.理解主旨大意。根据对话中 “The German mathematician ”和“ Yes, my maths teacher mentioned him today and said he is perhaps the greatest mathematician in the world.”可知，说话者们在谈论一位德国数学家。故选C。
5.简单推理判断。根据对话中 “...study mathematics independently with the few books he had.”和“That’s Hua Luogeng. He studied at home throughout high school and even for part of his university course.” 可推知，华罗庚自学数学。故选A。
6.理解具体信息。根据对话中 “He was a famous Greek philosopher...”可知，柏拉图是希腊著名的哲学家。故选A。
7.理解具体信息。根据对话中 “Socrates was his teacher,...”可知，苏格拉底是柏拉图的老师。故选B。
8.简单推理判断。根据对话中 “Is it Jackie Chan ”和“Yes, correct. So now it’s your turn. You ask me.” 可推出，说话者在玩猜谜游戏。故选C。
9.理解具体信息。根据对话中“He is a great kung fu star and he has been in many action movies.”可知，成龙在很多动作影片中扮演过角色。故选A。
10.理解具体信息。根据对话中“famous for creating fun animal characters...”可知，Walt Disney因为创造了有趣的动物形象而出名。故选C。
11.理解具体信息。根据对话中“His movies have won him many awards, including Academy Awards for Spirited Away and Howl’s Moving Castle.”可知，Spirited Away and Howl’s Moving Castle都是属于Hayao Miyazaki的电影，而Mickey Mouse则不是。故选C。
12.简单推理判断。根据对话中 “Disney won many Academy Awards for his animation...”和“His movies have won him many awards,...”可推知，Walt Disney 和Hayao Miyazaki 都获得了很多奖。故选A。
13.理解具体信息。根据对话中“It’s the history essay.”可知，让Sam心烦的是历史论文。故选B。
14.理解具体信息。根据对话中“I’m quite pleased with it...”可知，这位女士对她的论文比较满意。故选A。
15.理解具体信息。根据对话中“You can choose someone who isn’t very famous, but who you can find lots of information about.”可知，这位男士可以选择能从中获取很多信息的人来写论文。故选B。
16.理解具体信息。根据对话中“He was a sailor before he became a writer.”可知，Joseph Conrad在成为作家之前是水手。故选A。
17.理解具体信息。根据文中“She’s famous all over the world for the work she has done for girls’ rights to education.”可知， Malala致力于女孩的教育权力。故选A。
18.简单推理判断。根据文中“...she is the youngest person and the first Pakistani to win the Nobel Peace Prize. That was in 2014 when she was only 17 years old.”可推知，Malala是17岁获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选B。
19.简单推理判断。根据文中“Our class read the book I Am Malala at school. That’s where I found out all about her life and her amazing story. It’s a great book — full of hope and humour.”可推知，I Am Malala 这本书真的很棒。故选B。
20.简单推理判断。根据文中“She’s famous all over the world for the work she has done for girls’ rights to education.”和“Malala kept on helping girls to stay in school and go to university. She made speeches and started writing a blog. She was very brave.” 可推知，Malala致力于女孩的教育权，尽心尽力。故选A。
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节答案解析：
21-23：ACD
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四名作者以及其代表作。
21．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Jane Austen生活在1775年12月16日- 1817年7月18日；Charles Dickens生活在1812年2月7日- 1870年6月9日；Mark Twain生活在1835年11月30日- 1910年4月21日；Arthur Conan生活在1859年5月22日- 1930年7月7日。可知Jane Austen是四个作者中最早的，故《理智与情感》是最早出版的。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句 “A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris, is his best-known work of historical fiction. (以伦敦和巴黎为背景的双城记，是他最佳的历史小说。）”，故选C.
23．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，这四个人物都是伟大的文学作家，D选项意思为“他们在文学上取得了伟大的成就”，符合文意，故选D。
24-27：ACBA
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍古爱凌参加冬奥会夺金并出名的经历。
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Eileen started skiing when she was only three years old and became champion of the junior group of the USA Snowboard and Freeski Association at the age of nine.（爱凌三岁时开始滑雪，九岁时成为美国单板滑雪和Freeski协会青年组的冠军。）”可知，古爱凌很早开始滑雪并且九岁就获得冠军，显露了她的才华，故选A。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In “interviews after the contest, Gu said she participated in the Winter Olympics not to defeat her rivals but to do her best.（在比赛后的采访中，谷爱凌说她参加冬奥会不是为了打败对手而是为了让自己全力以赴）和倒数第二段最后一句“They understand that my mission is to foster a connection between countries and not be a divisive force.（他们理解我的使命是促进国家之间的联系不是作为一种分裂力量）”，C选项意“为了促进国家之家的团结”符合文意，故选C。
26. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者对古爱凌持欣赏肯定的态度，再根据这一段最后一句话“Maybe those shooting questions at her should learn a little from her（也许那些向她提问的人应该向她学习一些什么）” 可知，作者对于那些向古爱凌提问的人的态度应该是不赞成，故选B。
27. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章主要介绍古爱凌参加冬奥会夺金并出名的经历以及出名背后的多个原因，文章最后一段凸显了她特有的多种美德和特点，说明她是一名独特的奥运冠军，故选A。
28-31 BDCD
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家把植物的光合作用应用到动物身上修复细胞损伤的突破。
28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “Photosynthesis(光合作用) is a unique skill of green plants-they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists however “copied" the process on animals.（光合作用是绿色植物特有的技能，他们通过阳光把水和二氧化碳转化成氧气和食物。然而一群中国科学家把这一过程复制到了动物身上）” 和第二段第一句 “To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works（为了理解这一突破，了解光合作用如何运转的很重要）” 可知，作者第一段中提到“photosynthesis” 是为了引出相关的话题。故选B。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.（科学家们然后用动物细胞包裹类囊体，这使得被移植的类囊体更容易被受体这种异物接受）”，故选D。
30.词义猜测题。根据划线部分所在的句子“The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis（关节炎）, meaning cells in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves.（实验中所用的老鼠患了关节炎，这意味着他们关节细胞... 并且不能自我修复）”，和下文“With the thylakoids implanted into the mice and exposed to light the mice recovered（伴随着类囊体一直进老鼠体内并且接触光照，老鼠恢复了健康）” 可知老鼠体内的关节细胞是受损了或者恶化了，所以划线词的意思是损坏或者恶化，故选C。
31．段落大意题。通读最后一段，再结合一些关键词 “medical usage（医学用途）”，“can be used as（可以作为......使用）”，“may also delay the aging process in cells（也可能延迟细胞的衰老过程）”可知，最后一段的中心大意为这项研究未来的应用。故选D。
32-35 DDAB
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)” 可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)” 可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到他们与自然互动的模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第四段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得 卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得 卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
第二节答案解析：
36-40 CGABE
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人发展所需要具备的技能。
根据上文“Personal growth doesn’t appear without reasons.(个人成长并非没有原因。)”和下文“Self development requires hard work, devotion and an ever growing skill.(自我发展需要努力工作、全身心投入和不断增长的技能。)”可知，下文对上文进行解释说明，不能指望自我发展突然之间就有了提高。C项(你不能指望第二天醒来就能学到新技能。)符合语境。故选C。
37．根据上文“The key is balance: If your objectives are too high, you’ll feel defeated when you fall short.(关键是平衡：如果你的目标太高，当你没有达到时，你会气馁。)”可推知，设空处说明为了保持平衡，设置的目标也不能太小。G项(起步太小，你会太早对自己的进步感到满意。)符合语境。故选G。
38．设空处在段首，为段落主题句。根据下文“To keep going when times are tough, you have to learn to evaluate and manage your stress levels.(为了在困难时期继续前进，你必须学会如何评估和管理压力水平。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是要管理好压力。A项(个人发展需要压力管理。)符合语境。故选A。
39．根据上文“Focus on the places where you spend the most time.(把注意力集中在你花时间最多的地方。)”和下文“If physical cleaning is stressful, start by cutting out files from your computer.(如果物理清洁有压力，可以先从电脑中删除文件。)”可知，设空处说明要清洁一些花时间最多的地方。B项(打扫你的卧室或你的车。)符合语境。故选B。
40．根据上文“On the road of personal development, you’ll encounter some problems. Nobody but you can solve these from your path.(在个人发展的道路上，你会遇到一些困难。除了你，没有人能把这些困难从你的道路上移除。)”可推知，设空处总结人生道路上会遇到难题，因此需要有解决问题的能力。E项(这就是为什么解决问题对于自我发展是一项至关重要的技能。)符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节：完型填空答案：41-45：BCDDB 46-50：DAACD 51-55：ABABC
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Thessalonika Arzu-Embry学习成绩优异，年仅17岁就在努力考取博士学位，并且她还取得了一些成就。
考查介词词义辨析。句意：Thessalonika Arzu-Embry在家里自学，十一岁就开始上大学，她在学习上比同龄人领先很多。A.next to紧挨着;B.ahead of领先; C.behind落后于;D.beside在旁边。根据上文“starting college at 11-years-old”可知，Arzu-Embry在学习上很优秀，比同龄人领先。故选B。
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在十七岁的时候，她就在考博士学位。A.master’s硕士学位；B.bachelor’s学士学位；C.doctorate博士学位；D.scholarship奖学金。根据下文第五段“being on the fast track to earning her doctorate,”可知，主人公在努力考博士。故选C。
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2016年秋天，Arzu-Embry开始上航空心理学博士课程。她对航空的兴趣是受她的父亲的影响。43.A.success成功；B.failure失败；C.talent才能，天赋；D.interest兴趣。根据下文的“excited”可知，Arzu-Embry对航空方面的兴趣是由父亲引发的。故选D。
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的父亲，一位私人的飞行员，他现在在O’Hare国际机场工作。A.astronaut宇航员；B.businessman商人；C.novelist小说家；D.pilot飞行员。根据下文“who now works at O’Hare International Airport”可知，他父亲是飞行员。故选D。
考查定语从句。句意：当我开始思考一个职业时，我选择一个我能在其中产生影响的职业。A.when在定语从句中作时间状语；B.where 在定语从句中作地点状语；C.which在定语从句中作主语或宾语；D.why在定语从句中作原因状语。one是先行词，指代profession，设空处后面的从句不缺主语或宾语，由于profession是抽象地点名词，所以应填where。故选B。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在年轻的时候，能帮助他人，我觉得很荣幸。A.puzzled困惑的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.disappointed失望的；D.honored荣幸的。根据下文“to help others at an early age”可知，Arzu-Embry应该感到荣幸。故选D。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望航空心理学学位能够给她必备的知识去阻止引起飞机坠毁的“人类错误”。A.hopes 希望；B.wonders想知道；C.suggests建议；D.concludes得出结论。根据上下文逻辑关系，应该填hopes。故选A。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.cause引起；B.analyse分析；C.acknowledge承认、感谢；D.obtain获得。根据上文“human factor errors”
和下文的“plane crashes”，应该是前因后果的关系。故选A。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说心理学方面的知识有助于她理解是否飞行员会感到焦虑、压力大，或者是否飞行员在做其他消极影响他们工作表现的事情。A.relaxed感到轻松的；B.pleased高兴的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.calm镇定的。根据下文的“stressed out”可知，设空处应该填与之并列的形容词。故选C。
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.positively积极地；B.neutrally中立地；C.distinctly清楚地、明显地； D.negatively消极地。根据上文的“plane crashes”和“stressed out”，设空处应该填一个贬义词。故选D。
考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了马不停蹄地考取博士学位，她也在参与各种各样的商业活动。A.In addition to除了；B.Rather than而不是；C.As a consequence of结果；D.Instead of代替、而不是。根据下文“Azru-Embry is also pursuing various business projects”可知，设空处应该表示“除了”。故选A。
考查名词词义辨析。除了为谷歌和苹果系统研发应用软件，她也写了五本书。A.letters书信；B.books书；C.novels小说；D.poems诗歌。根据下文的“So far, her has published books include...”可知 Azru-Embry写的是书。故选B。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在推销她写的五本书，她也发表一些演讲来激励别人来做她正在做的事情。A.inspire激励；B.insist坚持；C.demand要求；D.order命令、预订。根据上下文，设空处应该表示“激励”。故选A。
考查定语从句。句意：正如你所看到的，Thessalonika已经取得了很多成就，而她才刚刚开始。A.Who 在定语从句中充当主语或宾语；B.As在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，意为“正如”；C.What不能引导定语从句；D.How不能引导定语从句。通过分析句子成分，非限制性定语从句中缺宾语，用as指代后面主句全部内容，意为“正如”。故选B。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.founded建立；B.evaluated评价；C.achieved取得；D.defeated打败。根据上文所有内容，Azru-Embry取得了很多成就。故选C。
语法填空答案
best 57. with 58. which 59. achievements 60. cheering
61.However 62. himself 63.scientific 64. insisted 65. Apparently
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁百岁华诞，国家主席习近平为他贺岁，并简单介绍了杨振宁取得的成就。
56.考查形容词最高级。句意：国家主席习近平在杨振宁的百岁华诞为他送上最好的祝愿。分析句子可知，设空处应该填good的最高级best。故填best。
考查介词。句意：杨振宁和李政道因“发现宇称原理的破坏”共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。share with sb，与某人共同分享某物。故填with。
考查定语从句。句意：杨振宁和李政道因“发现宇称原理的破坏”共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，这促进了基本粒子的重要发现。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“ the so-called parity laws”，在定语从句中担当主语，根据设空处前的逗号可知，应该用关系代词which。故填which。
考查名词。句意：由杨振宁提出的“杨一米尔斯规范理论”是20世纪最重要的物理成就之一。由于one of +名词，名词应该用复数形式。故填achievements。
考查非谓语动词。句意：他和朋友们在体育馆组建啦啦队，为清华的运动员加油。这里为非谓语动词充当状语，和逻辑主语a cheerleading squad之间为主动关系。故填cheering。
考查副词。句意：他爬过清华的每一棵树。然而，他的父亲却从来不会因为他顽皮的行为而过多地纠正他。根据上下文逻辑关系，设空处前后关系应该是转折的关系。故填However。
考查代词。句意：作为清华的教授，他致力于教学和科学研究。根据短语commit oneself to （doing）sth，设空处应该填反身代词。故填himself。
考查形容词。句意：作为清华的教授，他致力于教学和科学研究。分析句子成分可知，设空处为形容词修饰名词。故填scientific。
考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：在2004年的秋季，82岁的杨振宁坚持给四个大一新生的班级授课。根据In the fall semester of 2004可知,时态应该用一般过去时，根据逻辑关系，应该用主动形式。故填insisted。
65.考查副词。句意：很明显，他为他的学生树立了很好的榜样。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用副词作状语修饰句子。故填Apparently。
第四部分 写作
第一节
【答案】One possible version
Dear Tom,
I was more than glad to receive your letter, in which you asked me something about Lu Xun and his works since you began to study Chinese literature. Now let me tell you something about him.
Lu Xun was not only a well-Known Chinese writer, a thinker and translator, but also a founder of modern Chinese literature. His novels have been put into many languages and some of novels have been made into films, such as The True Story of AH Q and The New Year’s Sacrifice which expose sharply the old society. What’s more, some of his novels have been collected in textbooks. Since you are learning Chinese literature, I think you will benefit a lot from reading Lu Xun’s novels.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考试给外国朋友Tom写一封回信，介绍鲁迅及其作品。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
著名的：well-Known→famous
揭露：expose→reveal
收集：collect→gather
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Lu Xun was not only a well-Known Chinese writer, a thinker and translator, but also a founder of modern Chinese literature.
拓展句：Apart from a well-Known Chinese writer, a thinker and translator, Lu Xun was also a founder of modern Chinese literature.
点睛
【高分句型1】I was more than glad to receive your letter, in which you asked me something about Lu Xun and his works since you began to study Chinese literature. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】 Since you are learning Chinese literature, I think you will benefit a lot from reading Lu Xun’s novels. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
第二节
【答案】One possible version
Days passed until finally our Sports Day arrived. We were all ready as well as nervous that morning. Finally, it was our race. We took our positions and we decided that I would be going first, then in the middle, it would be Eric and, in the last position, it would be Alan to give a perfect finish. The race began and we were ready and confident. I gave Eric a good start and now it was his turn.
To our surprise, Eric managed to maintain that advantage. Alan and I were very happy with the great progress Eric had made. When it was Alan’s turn, both mine and Eric’s eyes were fixed on him. Alan ran so fast that within moments we saw him pass the finishing line first. It was a moment of extreme pride for us. Everyone was shocked to see the team that was considered the weakest had won the race. This victory was only achieved because of good teamwork. So there is truth in the saying, “Teamwork always pays off”.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和几个男孩一起被选中参加接力赛，因为被分到和班里最慢的男生一组而很沮丧甚至产生抱怨，后来在爸爸的鼓励下，“团队合作总是有回报的！”，作者保持积极的心态，调整策略，努力练习，提高团队合作能力，最终赢得了比赛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几天过去了，我们的运动日终于到来了。”可知，第一段可描写比赛开始之前的准备和比赛安排，以及队员们的紧张心情。
②由第二段首句内容“令我们惊讶的是，Eric成功地保持了这一优势。”可知，第二段可描写Eric的表现，通过团队合作，这个弱势的队伍最终取得了胜利，以及他们感到自豪的心情。最终获得感悟：团队合作总是有回报的。
2.续写线索：运动日到了——赛前准备和安排——Eric的表现让人惊讶——三个队员协调合作——赢得比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①各就各位：took our positions
②轮到某人：it was his turn
③赢得比赛：won the race
情绪类
①紧张：nervous
②惊喜：To our surprise
③自豪： a moment of extreme pride
【点睛】 [高分句型1].We took our positions and we decided that I would be going first, then in the middle, it would be Eric and, in the last position, it would be Alan to give a perfect finish.（由连词that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. When it was Alan’s turn, both mine and Eric’s eyes were fixed on him. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
