娄底市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A． 19.15. B． 9.18. C． 9.15.
答案是C。
1．What did the man do
A．He taught English. B．He went abroad. C．He visited a school.
2．What time do the speakers plan to start out
A．At 3:00 a. m. B．At 8:00 a. m. C．At 11:00 a. m.
3．Which of the following does the man dislike
A．The new city. B．His new job. C．The cold climate.
4．Why did the man come back home
A．He was ill. B．He was out of work. C．He missed his family.
5．Why did Peter go out
A．To get some paint. B．To have a drink. C．To see a movie.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the woman want to go to a wildlife park
A．She can see a lot of animals.
B．She likes to see animals in the wild.
C．She doesn’t have to pay for the ticket.
7．When does this conversation probably take place
A．Before the summer holidays.
B．During the summer holidays.
C．After the summer holidays.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does the man ask about Janet
A．He hasn’t seen her for a long time.
B．He wants to make friends with her.
C．He wants the woman to be her friend.
9．What does the man think of Janet
A．Very nice. B．Very clever. C．Hardworking.
10．What might be the result of the conversation
A．The man and Janet become friends.
B．The woman and Janet are friends again.
C．The man and the woman become friends.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．How does the man feel about what the ad says
A．He believes it B．He doubts it. C．He is interested in it.
12．What will the speakers most probably do tomorrow
A．Work in the yard. B．Go to a car show. C．Go to a fashion show.
13．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Mother and son. B．Husband and wife. C．Father and daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Why does the man complain to the woman
A．She is driving too fast. B．She is driving carelessly. C．She is driving so slowly.
15．What did the woman do when she saw a boy running out in front of her
A．She slowed down. B．She drove even faster. C．She continued driving.
16．How did the boy fall down
A．He fell down himself. B．He was hit by a bus. C．He was hit by the woman’s car.
17．How many reasons does the woman give for driving carefully
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What will the new students do on Saturday
A．Visit a historical city. B．Tour around London. C．Play games with classmates.
19．When will the new students meet their teachers
A．On Sunday morning. B．On Sunday afternoon. C．On Sunday evening.
20．What does the speaker mainly talk about
A．A tour of London.
B．The plan for the weekend.
C．The teaching arrangements.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Scholarships
ABOUT THE PROGRAM
The Scholastic Awards Summer (SAS) Scholarship Program provides teens who have been recognized by the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards with an opportunity to attend summer art or writing programs on a full-tuition (全额学费) scholarship.
Teens do not apply for specific summer programs; instead, they apply for a SAS Scholarship, and we work with our partners to place Scholars into a program that will work best for them based on their abilities and interests.
ELIGIBILITY (资格)
Teens in grades 7-11 who have received a Gold or Silver Key can apply for a SAS Scholarship. Individual programs may set additional criteria.
HOW TO SUBMIT
The application period opens when regional awards are announced in January. To apply, log into your account at portal.artandwriting.org. You will find My SAS Scholarships Application on your teen dashboard.
APPLICATION CHECKLIST
All applications must contain:
1. Your Gold or Silver Key, art or writing.
2. Up to five additional recent examples of your best art or writing.
3. Complete answers to all questions in the written part of the application, including your Profile and Student Questionnaire.
4. The Parent/Guardian Questionnaire must be completed by your parent or guardian.
1. What is the purpose of the program
A. To help teens to win a scholarship. B. To give teens training in art or writing.
C. To reward teens who love art or writing. D. To encourage teens’ interest in art or writing.
2. Who can apply for the program
A. Anyone who loves art or writing.
B. Anyone who wants to do better in art or writing.
C. Those who are the Scholastic Awards winners.
D. Those who want to be the Scholastic Awards winners.
3. Which of the following must be included in the application
A. Your plan for winning a reward. B. Your descriptions of your works.
C. Your achievements in art or writing. D. Your suggestions about the program.
B
One strategy for reducing food waste’s environmental impact seems contrary to common sense: Open more grocery stores. That’s according to new research from Elena Belavina, an expert in operations management and supply chains.
The food we throw out because it goes bad when cleaning out the fridge makes a surprisingly large contribution to global warming. One-third of all food produced is wasted a problem responsible for carbon emissions (排放物) equivalent to all road transportation, said Belavina.
When consumers can purchase food nearby, they shop more often but buy less each time, ultimately wasting less. “The more stores you have, the lower food waste is going to be,” said Belavina. “Very small increases in store density (密度) can have a very high impact.”
Belavina found that in Chicago, which she said is typical of many American cities, adding just three or four markets within a 10-square-kilometer area would reduce food waste by 6% to 9%. That would achieve an emissions reduction comparable to converting (改装) more than 20,000 cars from petrol to electric power.
Most big cities are well below the ideal density of grocery stores that would minimize food waste, the research determined. In Chicago, that would be about 200 markets within a 10-square-kilometer area — compared to 15 currently — but most of the benefit from reduced emissions would be achieved by about 50 markets. New York City, with its abundance of produce stands and neighborhood markets, comes closest to its ideal density.
Urban planners, city governments and activists should pursue policies encouraging an ideal density of grocery stores based on each city’s population, she said. Chain stores’ sustainability plans should analyze how their store networks and supply chains contribute to food waste and emissions overall.
“We actually see some moves toward going a little bit back in time and those small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores are making a comeback,” she said.
4. Why can higher store density reduce food waste
A. There are more stores to supply fresh food. B. There are more stores to deal with food waste.
C. Consumers can spend less time on buying food. D. Consumers needn’t overbuy their groceries.
5. How many markets are there per 10 square kilometers in Chicago now
A. 15 markets. B. About 4 markets. C. About 50 markets. D. About 200 markets.
6. What does Belavina think of small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores
A. They are helpful. B. They are a problem.
C. They are of little help. D. They do better than grocery stores.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Buy Less, Eat Less B. Ideal Density of Grocery Stores
C. Food Waste and Global Warming D. More Grocery Stores, Less Food Waste
C
Recently, I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground. We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone.
This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity: do we behave more selfishly when we aren’t being observed The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world.
Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution.
The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua: relationships between people that operate based on need. When someone forms an osotua relationship with another, they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need. And hunter-gatherer groups, which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in, have many similar examples.
Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and complexity of these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. Osotua, or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society, is the result of tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error. The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups.
The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups. Biological evolution has helped humans be more cooperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this process.
Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. Try to understand rules before you ignore them — and next time you find a fiver on the ground, you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents.
8. What made the parents feel a bit awkward
A. The difficulty sharing the money.
B. The difficulty finding the owner of the money.
C. The thought of putting the money on the bench.
D. The thought of keeping the money for themselves.
9. Why is “Yom Kippur” talked about in the text
A. To highlight a fact. B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To make a comparison. D. To support an argument.
10. How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution
A. It evolves much slower. B. It takes much less time.
C. It is a more complex process. D. It makes humans more cooperative.
11. What does the author intend to explain in the text
A. How cultural evolution takes place. B. Why people sometimes behave selfishly.
C. Why kindness exists in a competitive world. D. How kindness spreads throughout the world.
D
The sign of a healthy personal relationship is one that is equally mutual (相互的) —where you get out just as much as you put in. Nature has its own version of a healthy relationship. Known as mutualisms, they are interactions between species that are mutually beneficial for each species. One example is the interaction between plants and pollinators (传粉者), where your apple trees are pollinated and the honeybee gets nectar (花蜜) as a food reward. But how are mutualisms affected by other organisms that take those rewards without providing a service in return
A team of researchers recently researched that question. They investigated the abilities of diverse communities of mutualists, comparing how each deals with cheaters. Cheaters are species that steal the benefits of the mutualism without providing anything in return. An example of one of nature’s cheaters is nectar robbers. Nectar-robbing bees chew through the side of flowers to feed on nectar without coming into contact with the flower parts that would result in pollination.
The researchers produced mutualisms in the lab using yeast strains (酵母菌株) that functioned as mutualist species. Each yeast strain produced a food resource to exchange with a mutualist partner. They engineered four species of each type of mutualists as well as two cheater strains that were unable to make food resources.
The researchers created communities of yeast that differed both in the number of species and the presence of cheaters. They found that communities with higher numbers of mutualist species were better able to resist the negative effects of cheaters because there were multiple species of mutualists performing the same task. If one species was lost from the community due to competing with a cheater, there were other species around to perform the task, showing that the presence of more species in a community can reduce the negative effects of cheaters.
Their results highlight the importance of having multiple mutualist species that provide similar resources or services, essentially creating a backup in case one species goes extinct. It’s similar to the relationship between grocery stores and suppliers. Grocery stores have multiple suppliers to ensure that there are always goods available should something happen to one supplier.
The future study is to explore the possibility of a mutualist species becoming a cheater. The group is testing if mutualists that perform the same function might set up an environment that allows one of those mutualist species to become a cheater since there are other mutualists around that can fill that role.
12. Which of the following can be an example of mutualism
A. Farmers and crops. B. Sunlight and plants.
C. Cities and wild animals. D. Humans and global warming.
13. What can be concluded from the study of communities of yeast
A. More communities of yeast are better than one. B. More species of mutualists are better than one.
C. More species of mutualists lead to fewer cheaters. D. More communities of yeast lead to fewer cheaters.
14. According to the text, which of the following may have the same role as “suppliers” underlined in paragraph 5
A. Nectar. B. Honeybees. C. Cheaters. D. Apples.
15. According to the study, what would happen in a community of mutualists
A. Cheaters would become extinct. B. Cheaters would act as mutualist species.
C. A mutualist species would switch to cheating. D. Mutualist species and cheaters would work together.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why I Love June
Memorial Day has come and gone and June has officially begun. In my mind, that means summer is here—even if the calendar says it doesn’t arrive for another few weeks. How you greet a new season sets the tone for how positively you are prepared to enter into a new time of year. ___16___ and feel inspired to share my reasons why I love the start of the summer.
I can have fun on the beach. I’m a beach lover. I’ve been sticking my feet in the grainy sands of the beach since I was born. ___17___—and Grandma’s blueberry pie (a great way to end a long beach day). I usually kick off my beach weekends in late May but June is when I enjoy the salty smell and rolling waves as I close my eyes and let the sun pour down on my shoulders.
___18___. When June rolls around I seem to notice the colorful flowers around me a lot more. Maybe it’s because I’ve just started walking outside for longer periods of time as the weather allows it, or maybe it’s because I’ve started wearing brighter colors, but the pink, purple, yellow and red flowers that blanket the parks and gardens I pass seem more brilliant than ever.
I can breathe easier when I run. There’s something about the June air here that makes me happy. Yes, we get the occasional hot summer day when all we can do is sit still and hope to feel cool, but for the most part, the sun and wind work together to give my lungs a healthy charge while I’m running along the river. It doesn’t have that winter bite that causes me to cough. ___19___.
I feel happier. It seems silly that the start of a certain month can change my mood, but when my sandals (凉鞋) remind me that my winter boots are hiding in the back of my closet, I feel a sense of joy. You could say the start of summer is like a mini new year for me. It brings life to plans and ideas that I may have been avoiding and gets me out and about. ___20___.
Thanks, June.
A. All kinds of plants start growing
B. The flowers seem more attractive
C. I actually enjoy exercising as a result
D. It’s always a place that I associate with enjoyment
E. Seasons really can change more than just the weather
F. I begin to think about how I feel about this lovely month
G. Mother tells me it was on a rainy night in June that I arrived
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Happiness can be difficult to find. But even when happiness seems almost impossible, it can be obtained with a shift in ways of thinking or simply a ___21___.
I volunteered at an elderly care home this past summer. ___22___ I didn’t think much about the visits to the residents. There couldn’t be anything ___23___ to talk about with old people, right But as I got to know them my outlook — and life — completely ___24___.
One resident I remember vividly was a woman with a friendly smile. I ___25___ a collection of porcelain (瓷制的) shoes, in varying sizes, beside her window. “Those are really pretty,” I said. The woman’s face instantly lit up. “Ah yes! I used to ___26___ them when I was younger,” she said, carefully ___27___ a shoe with a beautiful design. “My daughter bought it for me. I saw it in an antique store and just knew I had to have it.” I could feel the ___28___ in her voice.
I visited another resident who kept her wedding photograph next to her bed. The photograph, though ___29___ and black-and-white, showed the pure joy on the bride’s and groom’s faces. Along with the photograph, she ____30____ postcards and letters from her family. Looking at the pictures on the postcards, she could ____31____ she was traveling around the world with them.
These stories — so familiar, yet so distant from my ____32____ — made me see what truly defines happiness. Despite their old ____33____, the residents had happy memories of friends and family, and a great deal of experiences to ____34____. All these little details turn into their own ____35____ of happiness. I must make the most of life so that one day I can unearth my own tiny pieces of happiness.
21. A. visit B. memory C. talk D. wish
22. A. Continually B. Eventually C. Gradually D. Initially
23 A. interesting B. necessary C. boring D. difficult
24. A. changed B. improved C. disappeared D. matched
25. A. arranged B. put C. noticed D. remembered
26. A. throw B. collect C. sell D. compare
27. A. searching for B. putting away C. picking up D. working on
28. A. hope B. pressure C. confidence D. joy
29. A. old B. dirty C. useless D. ugly
30. A. received B. kept C. checked D. sent
31. A. believe B. tell C. explain D. imagine
32. A. position B. description C. viewpoints D. life
33. A. wisdom B. work C. age D. hobbies
34. A. share B. follow C. gain D. learn
35. A. expectation B. guarantee C. definition D. knowledge
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Twin panda cubs（幼崽） made their public appearance for the first time Wednesday before devoted fans in Tokyo.
The twins, male cub Xiao Xiao and its sister Lei Lei, which were born at Tokyo’s Ueno Zoo in June, took ___36___ （they） first steps with fans from different parts of the country ___37___ （hold） up their smart phones to film the lovely pair as they played together.
In ___38___（prepare） for their public appearance, the twins and their mother were placed in a shared living quarter where they were exposed to sounds from a radio ___39___（get） used to noise and voices from visitors.
In a video ___40___（release） by the zoo Wednesday, the twin cubs sit back to back on a tree playing with bamboo while visitors ___41___（hear） saying “kawaii（cute）!” in the background. Then the male cub steps on its sister to move up the tree.
Groups of six people at ___42___ time were allowed to enter the panda quarters, where they could remain for one minute. The public viewing period was limited ___43___ two hours in the morning.
“I was filled with excitement when I first saw them,” said Kirie Tanaka, a panda fan who came from the ___44___ （west） Japanese city of Osaka for the day.
During her turn, the cubs were pretending to eat bamboo and “that was just adorable,” said Tanaka, ___45___ hat and bag were decorated with dancing pandas. “It’s so comforting to see them.”
The rare animals live mainly in the bamboo-covered mountains in China’s Sichuan area.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，Mark是你的留学生好友。你对英语写作感兴趣，打算开始英语写作的实践。请给Mark写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你的打算；
2．习作的形式、内容等；
3．希望得到Mark对习作的评价和建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you so much.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I’m a single mom and have to work hard to pay my bills, raise my five-year-old and get enough food for my family. Even worse, my father is suffering from heart trouble and my family is burdened with huge medical expenses.
There was a time I lived on a tight budget and had to count every single penny I spent as I had been out of work for months. I even hated to go shopping in fear of spending more than I could. When I had to, I would stand there and add things up over and over again. During the recent holiday season, I was shopping at Trader Joe’s. I carefully chose things at the store that I thought I needed most, and then added everything up.
To my disappointment, the total was too high—it was more than I had. I couldn’t buy all that I had chosen, so I had no choice but to look through everything trying to figure out what to put back. It was hard to make the decision, because the things that I had put into the basket all seemed absolutely necessary. In the end I kept the things that everyone else would have loved, but put back the one thing that I loved. It was a simple frozen package of chicken. But that package was what put the total over budget.
I hated the feeling of not being able to afford that package of chicken. But that was life and I moved on and tried to forget about it. It was what I had to do.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That night our doorbell rang.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I still have no idea who put the package of chicken at our door and have been wondering about it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力：1-20 BBCCABAAABBCBCCAAACB娄底市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A． 19.15. B． 9.18. C． 9.15.
答案是C。
1．What did the man do
A．He taught English. B．He went abroad. C．He visited a school.
2．What time do the speakers plan to start out
A．At 3:00 a. m. B．At 8:00 a. m. C．At 11:00 a. m.
3．Which of the following does the man dislike
A．The new city. B．His new job. C．The cold climate.
4．Why did the man come back home
A．He was ill. B．He was out of work. C．He missed his family.
5．Why did Peter go out
A．To get some paint. B．To have a drink. C．To see a movie.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does the woman want to go to a wildlife park
A．She can see a lot of animals.
B．She likes to see animals in the wild.
C．She doesn’t have to pay for the ticket.
7．When does this conversation probably take place
A．Before the summer holidays.
B．During the summer holidays.
C．After the summer holidays.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does the man ask about Janet
A．He hasn’t seen her for a long time.
B．He wants to make friends with her.
C．He wants the woman to be her friend.
9．What does the man think of Janet
A．Very nice. B．Very clever. C．Hardworking.
10．What might be the result of the conversation
A．The man and Janet become friends.
B．The woman and Janet are friends again.
C．The man and the woman become friends.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．How does the man feel about what the ad says
A．He believes it. B．He doubts it. C．He is interested in it.
12．What will the speakers most probably do tomorrow
A．Work in the yard. B．Go to a car show. C．Go to a fashion show.
13．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Mother and son. B．Husband and wife. C．Father and daughter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Why does the man complain to the woman
A．She is driving too fast. B．She is driving carelessly. C．She is driving so slowly.
15．What did the woman do when she saw a boy running out in front of her
A．She slowed down. B．She drove even faster. C．She continued driving.
16．How did the boy fall down
A．He fell down himself. B．He was hit by a bus. C．He was hit by the woman’s car.
17．How many reasons does the woman give for driving carefully
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What will the new students do on Saturday
A．Visit a historical city. B．Tour around London. C．Play games with classmates.
19．When will the new students meet their teachers
A．On Sunday morning. B．On Sunday afternoon. C．On Sunday evening.
20．What does the speaker mainly talk about
A．A tour of London.
B．The plan for the weekend.
C．The teaching arrangements.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Scholarships
ABOUT THE PROGRAM
The Scholastic Awards Summer (SAS) Scholarship Program provides teens who have been recognized by the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards with an opportunity to attend summer art or writing programs on a full-tuition (全额学费) scholarship.
Teens do not apply for specific summer programs; instead, they apply for a SAS Scholarship, and we work with our partners to place Scholars into a program that will work best for them based on their abilities and interests.
ELIGIBILITY (资格)
Teens in grades 7-11 who have received a Gold or Silver Key can apply for a SAS Scholarship. Individual programs may set additional criteria.
HOW TO SUBMIT
The application period opens when regional awards are announced in January. To apply, log into your account at portal.artandwriting.org. You will find My SAS Scholarships Application on your teen dashboard.
APPLICATION CHECKLIST
All applications must contain:
1. Your Gold or Silver Key, art or writing.
2. Up to five additional recent examples of your best art or writing.
3. Complete answers to all questions in the written part of the application including your Profile and Student Questionnaire.
4. The Parent/Guardian Questionnaire must be completed by your parent or guardian.
1. What is the purpose of the program
A. To help teens to win a scholarship. B. To give teens training in art or writing.
C To reward teens who love art or writing. D. To encourage teens’ interest in art or writing.
2. Who can apply for the program
A. Anyone who loves art or writing.
B. Anyone who wants to do better in art or writing.
C. Those who are the Scholastic Awards winners.
D. Those who want to be the Scholastic Awards winners.
3. Which of the following must be included in the application
A. Your plan for winning a reward. B. Your descriptions of your works.
C. Your achievements in art or writing. D. Your suggestions about the program.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个面向学术奖获得者的夏季奖学金项目，包括项目基本信息、申请资格、提交方式和申请清单。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ABOUT THE PROGRAM下第一段“The Scholastic Awards Summer (SAS) Scholarship Program provides teens who have been recognized by the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards with an opportunity to attend summer art or writing programs on a full-tuition (全额学费) scholarship. (学术奖夏季（SAS）奖学金项目为获得学术艺术与写作奖的青少年提供一个参加提供全额学费奖学金的夏季艺术或写作项目的机会)”可知，该项目的目的是为青少年提供艺术或写作方面的训练。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据ELIGIBILITY中“Teens in grades 7-11 who have received a Gold or Silver Key can apply for a SAS Scholarship. (7到11年级获得金钥匙或银钥匙的学生可以申请SAS奖学金)”可知，学术奖获得者可以申请该项目。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据APPLICATION CHECKLIST中第二点“Up to five additional recent examples of your best art or writing. (多达五个你近期最好的艺术或写作的例子)”可知，申请中必须包含展现你在艺术或写作方面成就的作品。故选C项。
B
One strategy for reducing food waste’s environmental impact seems contrary to common sense: Open more grocery stores. That’s according to new research from Elena Belavina, an expert in operations management and supply chains.
The food we throw out because it goes bad when cleaning out the fridge makes a surprisingly large contribution to global warming. One-third of all food produced is wasted, a problem responsible for carbon emissions (排放物) equivalent to all road transportation, said Belavina.
When consumers can purchase food nearby, they shop more often but buy less each time, ultimately wasting less. “The more stores you have, the lower food waste is going to be,” said Belavina. “Very small increases in store density (密度) can have a very high impact.”
Belavina found that in Chicago, which she said is typical of many American cities, adding just three or four markets within a 10-square-kilometer area would reduce food waste by 6% to 9%. That would achieve an emissions reduction comparable to converting (改装) more than 20,000 cars from petrol to electric power.
Most big cities are well below the ideal density of grocery stores that would minimize food waste, the research determined. In Chicago, that would be about 200 markets within a 10-square-kilometer area — compared to 15 currently — but most of the benefit from reduced emissions would be achieved by about 50 markets. New York City, with its abundance of produce stands and neighborhood markets, comes closest to its ideal density.
Urban planners, city governments and activists should pursue policies encouraging an ideal density of grocery stores based on each city’s population, she said. Chain stores’ sustainability plans should analyze how their store networks and supply chains contribute to food waste and emissions overall.
“We actually see some moves toward going a little bit back in time and those small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores are making a comeback,” she said.
4. Why can higher store density reduce food waste
A. There are more stores to supply fresh food. B. There are more stores to deal with food waste.
C. Consumers can spend less time on buying food. D. Consumers needn’t overbuy their groceries.
5. How many markets are there per 10 square kilometers in Chicago now
A. 15 markets. B. About 4 markets. C. About 50 markets. D. About 200 markets.
6. What does Belavina think of small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores
A. They are helpful. B. They are a problem.
C. They are of little help. D. They do better than grocery stores.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Buy Less, Eat Less B. Ideal Density of Grocery Stores
C. Food Waste and Global Warming D. More Grocery Stores, Less Food Waste
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是减少食物浪费对环境影响的一个策略是开设更多的杂货店，杂货店越多，食物浪费越少。
【4题详解】
逻辑推理题。根据第三段“When consumers can purchase food nearby, they shop more often but buy less each time, ultimately wasting less. “The more stores you have, the lower food waste is going to be,” said Belavina.(当消费者可以在附近购买食物时，他们会更频繁地购物，但每次都买得更少，最终减少浪费。“你拥有的商店越多，食物浪费就越少，”Belavina说)”可知，更高的商店密度可以减少食物浪费是因为消费者不必过度购买食品杂货。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“In Chicago, that would be about 200 markets within a 10-square-kilometer area — compared to 15 currently — but most of the benefit from reduced emissions would be achieved by about 50 markets.(在芝加哥，10平方公里的区域内将有大约200个市场，而目前只有15个，但减少排放的大部分好处将由大约50个市场实现)”可知，现在芝加哥每10平方公里有15个市场。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The more stores you have, the lower food waste is going to be(你拥有的商店越多，食物浪费就越少)”和最后一段““We actually see some moves toward going a little bit back in time and those small corner stores and mom-and-pop stores are making a comeback,” she said.(她说：“实际上，我们看到了一些回归过去的举措，那些街角的小商店和夫妻店正在卷土重来。”)”可推知，Belavina对街角小店和夫妻店的看法是它们是有帮助的。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“One strategy for reducing food waste’s environmental impact seems contrary to common sense: Open more grocery stores.(减少食物浪费对环境影响的一个策略似乎与常识相反:开设更多的杂货店)”和第三段“The more stores you have, the lower food waste is going to be(你拥有的商店越多，食物浪费就越少)”可知，本文主要讲的是减少食物浪费对环境影响的一个策略是开设更多的杂货店，杂货店越多，食物浪费越少。由此可知，本文最恰当的题目是D选项“More Grocery Stores, Less Food Waste(更多杂货店，更少食物浪费)”。故选D。
C
Recently, I was walking with some parents when we came across a five-pound note lying on the ground. We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone.
This relates to a classic question in studies of human generosity: do we behave more selfishly when we aren’t being observed The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world.
Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution.
The Maasai people of Kenya practice osotua: relationships between people that operate based on need. When someone forms an osotua relationship with another, they enter into an unwritten contract to help their partner in times of need. And hunter-gatherer groups, which can represent the circumstances our species evolved in, have many similar examples.
Cultural evolution helps to explain the existence and complexity of these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. Osotua, or any other practice that helps to maintain good treatment of others in society, is the result of tens of thousands of years of cultural trial and error. The customs passed down over time are those that help us to develop as cultural groups.
The study of those changes has helped us to understand how we successfully spread around the world as cooperative groups. Biological evolution has helped humans be more cooperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this process.
Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. Try to understand rules before you ignore them — and next time you find a fiver on the ground, you might think about the awkward situation your discovery represents.
8. What made the parents feel a bit awkward
A. The difficulty sharing the money.
B. The difficulty finding the owner of the money.
C. The thought of putting the money on the bench.
D. The thought of keeping the money for themselves.
9. Why is “Yom Kippur” talked about in the text
A. To highlight a fact. B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To make a comparison. D. To support an argument.
10. How is biological evolution different from cultural evolution
A. It evolves much slower. B. It takes much less time.
C. It is a more complex process. D. It makes humans more cooperative.
11. What does the author intend to explain in the text
A. How cultural evolution takes place. B. Why people sometimes behave selfishly.
C. Why kindness exists in a competitive world. D. How kindness spreads throughout the world.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在这个充满竞争的世界里善行是存在的，不同的社会中存在不同的善行的事例，而善行的存在是千百年来的文化进化所致，它帮助我们克服自私的本性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“We stood around it for a moment, a bit awkwardly, until someone suggested putting it on a nearby bench. Then one of the parents remarked that we’d probably have behaved differently — that is, we would have just taken the money — had we been alone. (我们围着它有点尴尬地站了一会儿，直到有人建议把它放在附近的长凳上。然后，其中一位家长说，如果我们单独在那里，我们的行为可能会有所不同——也就是说，我们会直接拿走钱)”可知，当看到地上的钱时，这些父母们实际上产生了自私的想法：将钱占为己有，这种想法使人感到有点尴尬。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Yom Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religious holiday when Jewish people fast and ask for forgiveness for the wrongs they’ve committed. One of the points of Yom Kippur is to behave better regardless of who is watching. There’s an evolutionary beauty to the teachings of Yom Kippur, which are the products of thousands of years of cultural changes and evolution. (赎罪日是犹太人的宗教节日，犹太人在这一天斋戒，为自己犯下的错误请求宽恕。赎罪日的要点之一就是无论谁在观看，都要表现得更好。赎罪日的教义有一种进化的美，它是几千年文化变化和进化的产物)”可知，赎罪日的教义要求人遵循善行，为自己的错误请求宽恕，它源于文化变化和进化，再结合第二段末“The debate goes on across the psychological and biological sciences, as well as in popular culture, about whether kindness can exist in a competitive world. (关于善行是否能存在于一个竞争激烈的世界，在心理学和生物科学以及流行文化中都有争论)”可推知，提到赎罪日是为了支持“善行能存在于一个竞争激烈的世界”的论点，并引出其背后的原因。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Cultural changes are far faster than biological evolution, allowing intelligent species like humans to develop behavioral adaptations for managing complex social environments. (文化的变化比生物进化要快得多，这使得像人类这样有智力的物种能够发展出适应复杂社会环境的行为)”可知，生物进化与文化进化的不同之处在于它进行地慢得多。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章在语篇结构上分为三部分，第一部分由第一、二段构成，引出文章的话题：在这个充满竞争的世界里是否还存在善行，第二部分由第三、四段构成，列举有关例子来证明人的善行的存在，第三部分由第五至七段构成，解释仍然存在善行是千百年来的文化进化所致，最后一段中“Cultural evolution helps us to overcome our selfish natures. (文化进化帮助我们克服自私的本性)”点明文章的主旨。由此可知，作者主要想解释“为什么善行存在于充满竞争的世界”。故选C项。
D
The sign of a healthy personal relationship is one that is equally mutual (相互的) —where you get out just as much as you put in. Nature has its own version of a healthy relationship. Known as mutualisms, they are interactions between species that are mutually beneficial for each species. One example is the interaction between plants and pollinators (传粉者), where your apple trees are pollinated and the honeybee gets nectar (花蜜) as a food reward. But how are mutualisms affected by other organisms that take those rewards without providing a service in return
A team of researchers recently researched that question. They investigated the abilities of diverse communities of mutualists, comparing how each deals with cheaters. Cheaters are species that steal the benefits of the mutualism without providing anything in return. An example of one of nature’s cheaters is nectar robbers. Nectar-robbing bees chew through the side of flowers to feed on nectar without coming into contact with the flower parts that would result in pollination.
The researchers produced mutualisms in the lab using yeast strains (酵母菌株) that functioned as mutualist species. Each yeast strain produced a food resource to exchange with a mutualist partner. They engineered four species of each type of mutualists as well as two cheater strains that were unable to make food resources.
The researchers created communities of yeast that differed both in the number of species and the presence of cheaters. They found that communities with higher numbers of mutualist species were better able to resist the negative effects of cheaters because there were multiple species of mutualists performing the same task. If one species was lost from the community due to competing with a cheater, there were other species around to perform the task, showing that the presence of more species in a community can reduce the negative effects of cheaters.
Their results highlight the importance of having multiple mutualist species that provide similar resources or services, essentially creating a backup in case one species goes extinct. It’s similar to the relationship between grocery stores and suppliers. Grocery stores have multiple suppliers to ensure that there are always goods available should something happen to one supplier.
The future study is to explore the possibility of a mutualist species becoming a cheater. The group is testing if mutualists that perform the same function might set up an environment that allows one of those mutualist species to become a cheater since there are other mutualists around that can fill that role.
12. Which of the following can be an example of mutualism
A. Farmers and crops. B. Sunlight and plants.
C. Cities and wild animals. D. Humans and global warming.
13. What can be concluded from the study of communities of yeast
A. More communities of yeast are better than one. B. More species of mutualists are better than one.
C. More species of mutualists lead to fewer cheaters. D. More communities of yeast lead to fewer cheaters.
14. According to the text, which of the following may have the same role as “suppliers” underlined in paragraph 5
A. Nectar. B. Honeybees. C. Cheaters. D. Apples.
15. According to the study, what would happen in a community of mutualists
A. Cheaters would become extinct. B. Cheaters would act as mutualist species.
C. A mutualist species would switch to cheating. D. Mutualist species and cheaters would work together.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了互惠主义在自然界中的作用以及对作弊者的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Known as mutualisms, they are interactions between species that are mutually beneficial for each species. One example is the interaction between plants and pollinators (传粉者), where your apple trees are pollinated and the honeybee gets nectar (花蜜) as a food reward.(它们被称为互惠关系，是物种之间的相互作用，对每个物种都有利。一个例子是植物和传粉者之间的相互作用，你的苹果树授粉，蜜蜂得到花蜜作为食物奖励)”对“互惠关系”的定义和举例可知，互惠关系就是不同物种之间的互惠互利。结合选项，农民和农作物之间是属于这种关系，农民帮助农作物成长，而农作物给农民带来粮食 。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers created communities of yeast that differed both in the number of species and the presence of cheaters. They found that communities with higher numbers of mutualist species were better able to resist the negative effects of cheaters because there were multiple species of mutualists performing the same task. If one species was lost from the community due to competing with a cheater, there were other species around to perform the task, showing that the presence of more species in a community can reduce the negative effects of cheaters.(研究人员创造的酵母群落在物种数量和作弊者的存在上都有所不同。他们发现，互惠物种数量较多的群落能够更好地抵御作弊者的负面影响，因为有多种互惠物种在执行相同的任务。如果一个物种因为与一个作弊者竞争而从群落中消失，那么周围就会有其他物种来完成这项任务，这表明一个群落中存在更多的物种可以减少作弊者的负面影响)”可知，在酵母群落的研究中发现更多种类的互惠物种能够更好地抵御作弊者的负面影响，比只有一个好。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段中“It’s similar to the relationship between grocery stores and suppliers. Grocery stores have multiple suppliers to ensure that there are always goods available should something happen to one supplier.(这类似于杂货店和供应商之间的关系。杂货店有多个供应商，以确保在一个供应商发生问题时总是有货物可用)”可知，suppliers扮演的是提供资源或服务的角色，结合选项，花蜜、蜜蜂、骗子和苹果中，只有蜜蜂可以作为suppliers提供蜂蜜。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The future study is to explore the possibility of a mutualist species becoming a cheater. The group is testing if mutualists that perform the same function might set up an environment that allows one of those mutualist species to become a cheater since there are other mutualists around that can fill that role.(未来的研究是探索互惠物种成为作弊者的可能性。该小组正在测试，是否具有相同功能的互惠主义者可能会建立一个环境，允许其中一个互惠主义者成为作弊者，因为周围有其他互惠主义者可以扮演这个角色)”可知，在一个互惠主义者的社区里互惠共生的物种可能会转向作弊。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why I Love June
Memorial Day has come and gone and June has officially begun. In my mind, that means summer is here—even if the calendar says it doesn’t arrive for another few weeks. How you greet a new season sets the tone for how positively you are prepared to enter into a new time of year. ___16___ and feel inspired to share my reasons why I love the start of the summer.
I can have fun on the beach. I’m a beach lover. I’ve been sticking my feet in the grainy sands of the beach since I was born. ___17___—and Grandma’s blueberry pie (a great way to end a long beach day). I usually kick off my beach weekends in late May, but June is when I enjoy the salty smell and rolling waves as I close my eyes and let the sun pour down on my shoulders.
___18___. When June rolls around I seem to notice the colorful flowers around me a lot more. Maybe it’s because I’ve just started walking outside for longer periods of time as the weather allows it, or maybe it’s because I’ve started wearing brighter colors, but the pink, purple, yellow and red flowers that blanket the parks and gardens I pass seem more brilliant than ever.
I can breathe easier when I run. There’s something about the June air here that makes me happy. Yes, we get the occasional hot summer day when all we can do is sit still and hope to feel cool, but for the most part, the sun and wind work together to give my lungs a healthy charge while I’m running along the river. It doesn’t have that winter bite that causes me to cough. ___19___.
I feel happier. It seems silly that the start of a certain month can change my mood, but when my sandals (凉鞋) remind me that my winter boots are hiding in the back of my closet, I feel a sense of joy. You could say the start of summer is like a mini new year for me. It brings life to plans and ideas that I may have been avoiding and gets me out and about. ___20___.
Thanks, June.
A. All kinds of plants start growing
B. The flowers seem more attractive
C. I actually enjoy exercising as a result
D. It’s always a place that I associate with enjoyment
E. Seasons really can change more than just the weather
F. I begin to think about how I feel about this lovely month
G. Mother tells me it was on a rainy night in June that I arrived
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢的季节是夏季，并且描述了原因，这些原因包括作者热爱沙滩、喜欢花朵、可以自由运动、心情更加愉快。
【16题详解】
根据下文“and feel inspired to share my reasons why I love the start of the summer. (而且感到灵感来分享为什么我喜欢夏季开端的原因)”可知，作者想要分享他的观点，首先就要进行思考，夏季的开端正好对应 F 选项中的this lovely month，所以 F 选项（我开始思考我对这个可爱的月份的感受）符合题意，故选 F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“I can have fun on the beach. (我可以在沙滩上享受快乐)”可知，作者是喜欢沙滩的，沙滩对他来说是充满乐趣的，D 选项（沙滩一直都是一个可以和享乐联系起来的地方）符合题意，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“When June rolls around I seem to notice the colorful flowers around me a lot more. (当六月接踵而至，我发现周围的鲜花似乎越来越多了)”可知，夏季到了，鲜花也开了，这也是作者喜欢夏季的原因之一，B 选项（鲜花似乎更加吸引人了）符合题意，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“I can breathe easier when I run. (跑步的时候我也可以更轻松的呼吸了)”可知，作者喜欢运动，但冬天太冷，不方便，夏天就方便多了，C 选项（结果就是我更加喜欢锻炼了）符合题意，故选C。
20题详解】
根据上文“It brings life to plans and ideas that I may have been avoiding and gets me out and about. (夏天让我走出门去，让那些曾经一直被拖延的想法和计划得到实施)”可知，夏季不光是季节变化，不光是天气变暖，对作者而言，更是人生的推进，是思想的升华，E 选项（季节更替变化的不仅仅是天气）符合题意，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Happiness can be difficult to find. But even when happiness seems almost impossible, it can be obtained with a shift in ways of thinking or simply a ___21___.
I volunteered at an elderly care home this past summer. ___22___, I didn’t think much about the visits to the residents. There couldn’t be anything ___23___ to talk about with old people, right But as I got to know them my outlook — and life — completely ___24___.
One resident I remember vividly was a woman with a friendly smile. I ___25___ a collection of porcelain (瓷制的) shoes, in varying sizes, beside her window. “Those are really pretty,” I said. The woman’s face instantly lit up. “Ah yes! I used to ___26___ them when I was younger,” she said, carefully ___27___ a shoe with a beautiful design. “My daughter bought it for me. I saw it in an antique store and just knew I had to have it.” I could feel the ___28___ in her voice.
I visited another resident who kept her wedding photograph next to her bed. The photograph, though ___29___ and black-and-white, showed the pure joy on the bride’s and groom’s faces. Along with the photograph, she ____30____ postcards and letters from her family. Looking at the pictures on the postcards, she could ____31____ she was traveling around the world with them.
These stories — so familiar, yet so distant from my ____32____ — made me see what truly defines happiness. Despite their old ____33____, the residents had happy memories of friends and family, and a great deal of experiences to ____34____. All these little details turn into their own ____35____ of happiness. I must make the most of life so that one day I can unearth my own tiny pieces of happiness.
21. A. visit B. memory C. talk D. wish
22. A. Continually B. Eventually C. Gradually D. Initially
23. A. interesting B. necessary C. boring D. difficult
24. A. changed B. improved C. disappeared D. matched
25. A. arranged B. put C. noticed D. remembered
26. A. throw B. collect C. sell D. compare
27. A. searching for B. putting away C. picking up D. working on
28. A. hope B. pressure C. confidence D. joy
29 A. old B. dirty C. useless D. ugly
30. A. received B. kept C. checked D. sent
31. A. believe B. tell C. explain D. imagine
32. A. position B. description C. viewpoints D. life
33. A. wisdom B. work C. age D. hobbies
34. A. share B. follow C. gain D. learn
35. A. expectation B. guarantee C. definition D. knowledge
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去年夏天在一家养老院做志愿者时，逐渐了解了那里的老人，自己的观点和生活发生了改变。作者记得一位面带友好微笑的老人，她和作者分享自己收集瓷鞋的经历，还记得一位把自己的结婚照放在床边的老人，她还保存着家人寄来的明信片和信件。这些老人拥有美好的回忆，有很多可分享的经历，这些构成了他们自己对幸福的定义，作者希望自己可以充分利用生活，发掘出属于自己的幸福。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，即使幸福似乎几乎不可能，它也可以通过思维方式的转变或仅仅是回忆来获得。A. visit拜访；B. memory回忆；C. talk谈话；D. wish愿望。根据下文“the residents had happy memories of friends and family”可知，此处指养老院中的老人通过有关朋友、家人的美好的回忆获得幸福。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，我并没有过多地考虑对住户的拜访。A. Continually不断地；B. Eventually最终地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Initially最初地。根据下文“But as I got to know them”可知，后来作者在了解这些老人后事情发生了转变，由此推知，此处指最初作者没有考虑太多。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和老人聊不出什么有趣的事，对吧？A. interesting有趣的；B. necessary必要的；C. boring无聊的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“to talk about with old people”和日常生活的常识可推知，一般情况下年轻人和老人聊天不会有有趣的事。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当我开始了解他们的时候，我的观点和生活完全改变了。A. changed改变；B. improved改进；C. disappeared消失；D. matched匹配。根据下文“These stories — so familiar, yet so distant from my ___12___ — made me see what truly defines happiness.”可知，这些老人的故事让作者明白了什么才是真正的幸福，由此可知，此处指作者的观点和生活完全改变了。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到她的窗边摆放着一些大小不一的瓷鞋。A. arranged安排；B. put放置；C. noticed注意到；D. remembered记得。根据下文““Those are really pretty,” I said.”可推知，作者是注意到这些瓷鞋后，和这个老人说话的。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我年轻的时候经常收集它们。A. throw扔；B. collect收集；C. sell出售；D. compare比较。根据上文“a collection of porcelain (瓷制的) shoes, in varying sizes”可知，这个老人有一些大小不一的瓷鞋，应该是她年轻时收集的。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她一边说，一边小心翼翼地捡起一只设计精美的鞋子。A. searching for寻找；B. putting away收起；C. picking up捡起；D. working on致力于。根据上文“I ___5___ a collection of porcelain (瓷制的) shoes, in varying sizes, beside her window.”可知，这些鞋子摆放在老人的窗边，再结合下文“My daughter bought it for me.”可推知，老人是捡起一只设计精美的鞋子，然后向作者介绍这只鞋子。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到她声音里的喜悦。A. hope希望；B. pressure压力；C. confidence信心；D. joy喜悦。根据上文“The woman’s face instantly lit up.”可知，当作者赞美这些鞋子时，老人的脸立刻亮了起来，她对这些鞋子是有美好回忆的，因此谈到它们时声音里有喜悦。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这虽然是黑白的旧照片，但却展现了新郎新娘脸上纯洁的喜悦。A. old老旧的；B. dirty脏的；C. useless没用的；D. ugly丑陋的。根据下文“and black-and-white”和日常生活的常识可推知，黑白的照片一般是很久之前拍摄的，比较老旧。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了照片，她还保存着家人寄来的明信片和信件。A. received收到；B. kept保存；C. checked核对；D. sent发送。根据下文“I visited another resident who kept her wedding photograph next to her bed.”可知，另一位老人把自己的结婚照保存在床边，由此可知，此处指她还保存着一些明信片和信件。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着明信片上的照片，她可以想象自己正在和他们一起环游世界。A. believe相信；B. tell告诉；C. explain解释；D. imagine想象。根据上文“Looking at the pictures on the postcards”和下文“she was traveling around the world with them”可推知，看着这些家人寄来的明信片上的图片，她可以想象自己和他们一样在明信片上的地方旅游。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些故事——如此熟悉，却离我的生活如此遥远——让我明白了什么才是真正的幸福。A. position位置；B. description描述；C. viewpoints观点；D. life生活。根据上文叙述的作者记得一位收集瓷鞋、面带微笑的老人，还记得另一位保存结婚照、明信片和信件的老人可推知，此处指她们的这些故事离作者的生活如此遥远。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们年事已高，但他们与朋友和家人有着美好的回忆，也有很多经历可以分享。A. wisdom智慧；B. work工作；C. age年龄；D. hobbies爱好。根据上文“I volunteered at an elderly care home this past summer.”可知，作者在一家养老院做志愿者，此处指养老院中的老人们年事已高。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们年事已高，但他们与朋友和家人有着美好的回忆，也有很多经历可以分享。A. share分享；B. follow跟随；C. gain获得；D. learn学习。根据上文叙述的一位老人和作者分享自己收集瓷鞋的经历，另一位老人分享自己保存的物件可推知，此处指他们有很多经历可以分享。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些小细节都变成了他们自己对幸福的定义。A. expectation期望；B. guarantee保证；C. definition定义；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“These stories — so familiar, yet so distant from my ___12___ — made me see what truly defines happiness.”可知，老人们的这些故事让作者明白了什么才是真正的幸福，因此此处指这些小细节构成了他们对幸福的定义。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Twin panda cubs（幼崽） made their public appearance for the first time Wednesday before devoted fans in Tokyo.
The twins, male cub Xiao Xiao and its sister Lei Lei, which were born at Tokyo’s Ueno Zoo in June, took ___36___ （they） first steps with fans from different parts of the country ___37___ （hold） up their smart phones to film the lovely pair as they played together.
In ___38___（prepare） for their public appearance, the twins and their mother were placed in a shared living quarter where they were exposed to sounds from a radio ___39___（get） used to noise and voices from visitors.
In a video ___40___（release） by the zoo Wednesday, the twin cubs sit back to back on a tree playing with bamboo while visitors ___41___（hear） saying “kawaii（cute）!” in the background. Then the male cub steps on its sister to move up the tree.
Groups of six people at ___42___ time were allowed to enter the panda quarters, where they could remain for one minute. The public viewing period was limited ___43___ two hours in the morning.
“I was filled with excitement when I first saw them,” said Kirie Tanaka, a panda fan who came from the ___44___ （west） Japanese city of Osaka for the day.
During her turn, the cubs were pretending to eat bamboo and “that was just adorable,” said Tanaka, ___45___ hat and bag were decorated with dancing pandas. “It’s so comforting to see them.”
The rare animals live mainly in the bamboo-covered mountains in China’s Sichuan area.
【答案】36. their
37. holding
38. preparation
39. to get 40. released
41. are heard
42. a 43. to
44. western
45. whose
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。周三，一对双胞胎熊猫幼崽首次在东京的忠实粉丝面前公开亮相。
【36题详解】
考查代词。句意：这对双胞胎是今年6月在东京上野动物园出生的雄性幼崽小小和它的妹妹蕾蕾，他们迈出了第一步，来自全国各地的粉丝们举起智能手机拍摄了这对可爱的双胞胎在一起玩耍的过程。分析句子可知，这里应填their，代指 Xiao Xiao and its sister Lei Lei，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词first steps。故填their。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这对双胞胎是今年6月在东京上野动物园出生的雄性幼崽小小和它的妹妹蕾蕾，他们迈出了第一步，来自全国各地的粉丝们举起智能手机拍摄了这对可爱的双胞胎在一起玩耍的过程。分析句子可知，这里考查with的复合结构， fans和hold为主动关系，所以这里应用现在分词作宾补。故填holding。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了准备公开露面，这对双胞胎和他们的母亲被安置在一个共享的居住区，在那里他们可以接触到收音机的声音，以适应噪音和访客的声音。分析句子可知，这里考查in preparation for，表“为……准备”，为固定搭配。故填preparation。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：为了准备公开露面，这对双胞胎和他们的母亲被安置在一个共享的居住区，在那里他们可以接触到收音机的声音，以适应噪音和访客的声音。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在动物园周三发布的一段视频中，这对双胞胎幼崽背靠背坐在树上玩竹子，而游客们在背景中说“kawaii（可爱）！”。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语， a video和release为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填released。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在动物园周三发布的一段视频中，这对双胞胎幼崽背靠背坐在树上玩竹子，而游客们在背景中说“kawaii（可爱）！”。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，visitors和hear为被动关系，且这里时态应与前后保持一致，用一般现在时。故填are heard。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：每次六个人一组被允许进入熊猫宿舍，在那里他们可以呆一分钟。分析句子可知，这里表示“每次六个人”，at a time表“每次”，为固定短语，符合句意。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：公众观看时间限制在早上两个小时。分析句子可知，这里考查be limited to，表“限于”，为固定短语搭配。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“当我第一次看到它们时，我充满了兴奋，”来自日本西部城市大阪的熊猫迷田中基里（Kirie Tanaka）说。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，western表“西部的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填western。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：轮到她时，幼崽们假装吃竹子，“太可爱了，”田中说，她的帽子和袋子上装饰着跳舞的熊猫。“看到他们真是太令人欣慰了。”分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为Tanaka，在从句中作定语修饰hat and bag，所以应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，Mark是你的留学生好友。你对英语写作感兴趣，打算开始英语写作的实践。请给Mark写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你的打算；
2．习作的形式、内容等；
3．希望得到Mark对习作评价和建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you so much.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mark,
I have taken a special interest in English writing so I intend to start practicing writing in English to improve my writing skills. My writing, concerning our school life and based on my experiences or opinions, will include different types, such as reports, short stories and even poems. I’d like to share my work with you and sincerely hope I can get your comments and advice. Getting feedback on my work, you know, is a good way for me to become a better writer.
Thank you so much.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生好友Mark写一封邮件，告诉他你打算开始英语写作的实践，习作的形式、内容等并希望得到Mark对习作的评价和建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
建议：advice→suggestion
对……感兴趣：take an interest in→be interested in
打算做某事：intend to do→mean to do
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My writing, concerning our school life and based on my experiences or opinions, will include different types, such as reports, short stories and even poems.
拓展句：My writing, which is concerning our school life and based on my experiences or opinions, will include different types, such as reports, short stories and even poems.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’d like to share my work with you and sincerely hope I can get your comments and advice. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2] Getting feedback on my work, you know, is a good way for me to become a better writer. (运用了动名词作主语)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I’m a single mom and have to work hard to pay my bills, raise my five-year-old and get enough food for my family. Even worse, my father is suffering from heart trouble and my family is burdened with huge medical expenses.
There was a time I lived on a tight budget and had to count every single penny I spent as I had been out of work for months. I even hated to go shopping in fear of spending more than I could. When I had to, I would stand there and add things up over and over again. During the recent holiday season, I was shopping at Trader Joe’s. I carefully chose things at the store that I thought I needed most, and then added everything up.
To my disappointment, the total was too high—it was more than I had. I couldn’t buy all that I had chosen, so I had no choice but to look through everything trying to figure out what to put back. It was hard to make the decision, because the things that I had put into the basket all seemed absolutely necessary. In the end I kept the things that everyone else would have loved, but put back the one thing that I loved. It was a simple frozen package of chicken. But that package was what put the total over budget.
I hated the feeling of not being able to afford that package of chicken. But that was life and I moved on and tried to forget about it. It was what I had to do.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That night our doorbell rang.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I still have no idea who put the package of chicken at our door and have been wondering about it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】That night our doorbell rang. It was odd because it was so late. I went to the door and opened it, but found nobody around. All at once I found at the door a package of chicken, which looked the same as the one I had put back at the store. On the package was a note, on which was written: Enjoy your chicken. I immediately knew what had happened. Someone really cared about me! Holding the package, I was moved to tears, full of gratitude.
I still have no idea who put the package of chicken at our door and have been wondering about it. Was it the woman behind me in line at the store that kindly brought me the chicken Or maybe the cashier at the store who noticed me in an awkward situation Anyway, no matter who did this, I know there is one thing I can be sure of: there is still kindness in this world. It is really heartwarming to think about this. It always encourages me to get through my hard times.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一位单身妈妈承受着巨大的生活压力，在生活最困难的时候收到了好心人送来的一包鸡肉，这让作者很感动，并且这一善举鼓励作者度过了艰难时期。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，我们家的门铃响了。”可知，第一段可描写作者开门后发生的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“我还是不知道是谁把那包鸡肉放在我们家门口的，我一直在想。”可知，第二段可描写作者的一些猜测和感悟。
2.续写线索：贫困——帮助——感激——猜测——鼓励——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走向：go to/walk up to
②发现：find/discover
③迅速地：immediately/quickly/rapidly
情绪类
①感动的：moved/touched
②感激：gratitude/appreciation
【点睛】【高分句型1】All at once I found at the door a package of chicken, which looked the same as the one I had put back at the store.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I immediately knew what had happened.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
听力：1-20 BBCCABAAABBCBCCAAACB
