2023—2024学年度第一学期期末学业水平诊断
高三英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,只交答题卡。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Literary festivals all over the USA offer opportunities for readers to meet their favorite authors and learn about their new projects. You can start planning your next literary vacation!
Summer Words
Dates: June 19-22
Price: Free
It’s one of America’s most respected literary festivals and writing conferences. Authors are able to attend advanced workshops in order to improve the craft of writing. Besides, they can meet editors and literary agents and attend public panel discussions to gain inspiration and insight.
Book Bonanza
Dates: June 23-24
Price: $250
It is a celebration of books covering multiple styles and always nets a huge list of incredible author attendees. What makes it stand out, however, is not just its impressive list of attendees: it’s the charitable focus. All proceeds are donated to charitable causes, including those that benefit women and children.
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
Dates: April 22-23
Price: Free, although indoor panels will require tickets
It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community, with book signings, panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts, art performances and book giveaways. The two-day event has grown to become an essential element of the L.A. cultural scene.
Imaginarium Book Festival
Dates: May 20-21
Price: Free, but VIP tickets for early entry to signing rooms ($45), tickets for the brunch ($50)
It celebrates all things about fantasy and science fiction. In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions, you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.
1. In which literary festival can you catch a show
A. Summer Words.
B. Book Bonanza.
C. Los Angeles Times Festival of Books.
D. Imaginarium Book Festival.
2. What is special about Book Bonanza
A. Its profits go to charity.
B. It’s meant for women and children.
C. It doesn’t charge admission fee.
D. It features workshops for notable writers.
3. What can you do in Imaginarium Book Festival
A. Get an author-signed photograph.
B. Dine with your admiring writers.
C. Interact with science fiction supermen.
D. Obtain one-on-one reading training.
B
In a video submitted to a nationwide science competition, Heman Bekele from Virginia spelled out his mission briefly — cure cancer, one bar of soap at a time. He created a cheap soap that could potentially help fight skin cancer. His invention won him the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, an annual competition that invites students in grades five through eight to “change their world for the better with a single innovative idea”, on October 10, 2023.
At age 4, Heman moved to America from Ethiopia, where he always saw people constantly working under the hot sun. While he considered ideas for the competition, it struck him that so many people in his hometown were unaware of the risk of sun exposure. The recollections fueled his decision to focus his research on skin cancer.
“I hoped to make my idea something that not only was great in terms of science but also could be affordable for as many people as possible,” Heman said. As he initially thought about his approach, Heman wanted his product to be something as much of a “constant” in people’s life as possible, an item that was most convenient in contrast to other medicinal products.
In June 2023, he was selected as a top-ten finalist and paired with 3M product engineering specialist Deborah Isabelle to develop and test a physical prototype (原型) of his idea. It took the pair four months of trial and error to create “Skin Cancer Treating Soap” (SCTS). The bar contains chemicals that restore the body’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells. Once reconstructed, dendritic cells, the body’s first line of defense against cancer and infections, are capable of fighting against cancer cells. SCTS, which costs just 50 cents a bar, still has to undergo clinical trials. The process could take over five years.
Heman’s plan for the soap stretches far beyond the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He also hopes to start a nonprofit to distribute the soap in the future. “There is still a lot left to do,” the 14-year-old teenager said.
4. What inspired Heman’s idea for the invention
A. Folk tales. B. Childhood memories.
C. Working experiences. D. Medical observations.
5. In which aspect did Heman want his product to differ from other treatments
A. Accessibility. B. Function. C. Security. D. Effectiveness.
6. How does SCTS work
A. It minimizes solar radiation. B. It kills cancer cells directly.
C. It reactivates destroyed cells. D. It removes viruses from the skin.
7. Which of the following best describes Heman according to the last paragraph
A. Industrious and sociable. B. Ambitious and caring.
C. Intelligent and competitive. D. Sensitive and conservative.
C
Andrea Lankford quit her job after spending 12 years as a National Park Service forester specializing in search and rescue missions in scenic and remote American landscapes. However, decades later, three young hikers went missing on the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.
Trail of the Lost was her answer.
It’s an absorbing nonfiction narrative (叙事) about the three hikers, including their lives and those of the people looking for them. It also explores the history of the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surround it and those who undertake the 2,650-mile journey.
The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers. Lankford offers a biography (传记) of each of the missing men and shows them through the eyes of those who knew them well and those who joined the search.
Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them. Lankford played a role in each search but she allowed friends, family and even strangers to occupy center stage throughout most of the narrative. The story looks at the role of missing person Facebook groups in the searches and how crucial word of mouth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came forth and became instrumental in the searches or provided valuable information. But Lankford also writes of the many who lied for no apparent reason and confused the investigations.
The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.
Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightforward style, Trail of the Lost is as full of hope and humanity as it is packed with pain, sorrow, danger and tension. Read it and you’ll find more than you seek.
8. What led Lankford to write Trail of the Lost
A. Her love for her prior career.
B. Her strong attachment to the PCT.
C. The stress from the missing families.
D. Her investigation into hikers’ disappearance.
9. What is presented on the second level of the book
A. Efforts by different people in searches.
B. A string of wilderness survival tips.
C. Approaches to information classification.
D. Respective stories of the three hikers.
10. What’s the purpose of mentioning Lankford’s previous adventures
A. To promote her book.
B. To make her a celebrity.
C. To motivate hikers to challenge themselves.
D. To stress the difficulty of hiking the PCT.
11. What can we say about the book
A. It targets single youth.
B. It’s a romantic novel.
C. It’s based on actual events.
D. It’s a detailed account of a journey.
D
Do you have a favorite sport Are you passionate about sewing or reading Typically you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them. Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities, your desire to participate in them diminishes
Edward Deci a psychology professor, conducted a series of experiments, in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups: one was paid to complete a puzzle, and the other was not paid to. After money was removed, the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment. The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect, which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person’s internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.
According to the self-determination theory, three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best: autonomy, freedom from external restrictions; competence, the need to feel capable, and relatedness, the need to feel connected with others. In Deci’s experiment, money acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autonomy, a crucial component of internal motivation, discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions. The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun.
But if external stimulation is tied to performance, the overjustification effect is less influential. For example, being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions.
While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation, some strategies can lower its impact. One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards. For instance, praising an individual’s effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation. Additionally, allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works. By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks, individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement.
12. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Remains. B. Weakens. C. Ceases. D. Solidifies.
13. How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment
A. By interpreting a concept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By describing a phenomenon.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3
A. The skills needed for a puzzle.
B The core elements of inner drives.
C. The impact of autonomy on competence.
D. The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect.
15. Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect
A. Speaking highly of a pupil’s hard work.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin.
C. Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines.
D. Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant. ____16____ You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you! Read on for tips for overcoming culture shock in a short time.
When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land. ____17____ So keep your expectations low.
Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to, it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing — different isn’t necessarily bad. ____18____
Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst. ____19____ Plus, you’ll make some friends who can ease your transformation.
Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people. ____20____ Go out there and have fun!
A. Integrity breaks down barriers.
B. You can gain insight into your surroundings.
C. Culture shock will eventually disappear, though.
D. Every city or country has its own values and beliefs.
E. Never do you know where you might find an interest.
F. Consequently, such memories are what you should treasure.
G. As long as you stick to that, you’ll soon adjust to the new culture.
第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leigh Ann Sondrup, a devoted nurse at Valleywise, earned the title of a hero after a remarkable off-duty rescue.
The extraordinary chain of events unfolded as Sondrup was heading home from ____21____ one morning. Having just completed her fourth straight night shift, she was ____22____. Driving on State Route 143 near Sky Harbor, Sondrup suddenly noticed a horrible situation in the distance. As she ____23____, she found a concrete truck had overturned, with a man ____24____ inside.
Emergency first responders had not yet made it to the ____25____. Despite her tiredness, Sondrup didn’t ____26____ to make a decision to intervene.
She ____27____ her car. No other cars were moving on the road, ____28____ her to safely walk across the usually busy highway. She got closer to the truck and then quickly ____29____ the situation. She discovered the driver was still conscious, but severely injured and losing _____30_____ at an alarming rate. Every second counted. She _____31_____ crawled (爬) underneath the overturned truck. In a display of resourcefulness, she _____32_____ the man’s belt to stop the bleeding.
Months later, the man who had suffered a life-threatening injury reached out to Sondrup to express his gratitude for a second _____33_____ at life. The Phoenix Fire Department recognized Sondrup for her _____34_____ actions. When interviewed, Sondrup said she maintained a strong _____35_____ that everyone serves a purpose in life and that she was glad to have done her part when duty called.
21.
A. exercise B. work C. vacation D. school
22.
A. high-spirited B. cut-off C. worn-out D. heart-broken
23.
A. awoke B. wandered C. departed D. approached
24.
A. trapped B. transported C. questioned D. laid
25.
A. office B. scene C. hospital D. base
26.
A. continue B. attempt C. offer D. hesitate
27.
A. held onto B. warmed up C. pulled over D. backed up
28.
A. forcing B. allowing C. reminding D. requiring
29.
A. controlled B. pictured C. assessed D. revealed
30.
A. blood B. heart C. balance D. strength
31.
A. accidentally B. secretly C. curiously D. quickly
32.
A. marked B. employed C. swung D. fetched
33
A. encounter B. choice C. lesson D. chance
34.
A. courageous B. optimistic C. amusing D. effortless
35.
A. assumption B. proposal C. belief D. character
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has given countless patients ____36____ (relieve) of suffering and pain for thousands of years.
____37____ treatment aims to promote the body’s self-regulating functions. Evolving from the discovery ____38____ using stone needles to stick specific points into the skin and underlying tissues could ease pain, acupuncture has become an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine, the philosophical concepts of ____39____ emphasize balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being. Acupuncture is also in line with the philosophy that promotes the ____40____ (harmony) coexistence of humans with nature.
In the book Records of the Grand Historian, which Sima Qian ____41____ (write) about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a ____42____ (true) skilled physician during the Warring States Period, was well known for having saved a prince ____43____ “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint (穴位) on the head of the unconscious man.
Over the years, acupuncture ____44____ (see) many advancements in scientific research and become a global and mainstream alternative treatment for various illnesses. According to a WHO report _____45_____ (issue) in 2019, acupuncture is widely used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its increasing recognition and application.
第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华,留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gone with the Wind),可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.表示道歉;
2.解释损坏原因;
3.提出补救办法。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ever since Jake first watched the 1988 Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea, he had dreamed of being in the Olympics. For years, he had worked hard to become a good swimmer, training and practicing. Two decades later, he was in Beijing, China, for his first Olympic performance, as part of his country’s swimming team!
The Olympic Stadium was packed with athletes from all over the world, all eagerly awaiting the start of the opening parade (入场式). The atmosphere was electric and everything seemed perfect. Almost.
Jake loved his red, white and blue official Olympic jacket with the Olympic rings on the back. But several minutes before, Jake had torn a hole in the left sleeve (袖子) of his jacket when it got caught in a gate.
“Too bad about your jacket,” his teammate, Ben, commented.
“I hope nobody notices it,” Jake sighed.
“Someone will,” Ben laughed.
Jake didn’t respond as he was already feeling annoyed and depressed after having to deal with his lost suitcase when they landed at the airport the day before. He could not believe how things were not going his way.
Suddenly, a lovely little girl about 8 years old came up to Jake and pointed at the tear in his sleeve. Jake smiled at her. The girl started speaking in a language he couldn’t understand, all the while pointing at his torn sleeve. Unable to catch a word, Jake turned to his teammates for help but all of them shook their heads with a helpless expression. At that moment, the little girl began to take off her own jacket that was marked with a red English word “China” and looked up at Jake eagerly, signing to Jake to do so.
“Oh, I get it. You want to try it on. Here you go!” Jake slipped off the jacket and handed it to her. The Chinese girl took it, bowed and took off with his jacket right away!
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Can’t she be a little thief ” Ben joked, pointing at her back.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jake turned around, only to see the little girl coming.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023—2024学年度第一学期期末学业水平诊断
高三英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,只交答题卡。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Literary festivals all over the USA offer opportunities for readers to meet their favorite authors and learn about their new projects You can start planning your next literary vacation!
Summer Words
Dates: June 19-22
Price: Free
It’s one of America’s most respected literary festivals and writing conferences. Authors are able to attend advanced workshops in order to improve the craft of writing. Besides, they can meet editors and literary agents and attend public panel discussions to gain inspiration and insight.
Book Bonanza
Dates: June 23-24
Price: $250
It is a celebration of books covering multiple styles and always nets a huge list of incredible author attendees. What makes it stand out, however, is not just its impressive list of attendees: it’s the charitable focus. All proceeds are donated to charitable causes, including those that benefit women and children.
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
Dates: April 22-23
Price: Free, although indoor panels will require tickets
It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community, with book signings, panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts, art performances and book giveaways. The two-day event has grown to become an essential element of the L.A. cultural scene.
Imaginarium Book Festival
Dates: May 20-21
Price: Free, but VIP tickets for early entry to signing rooms ($45), tickets for the brunch ($50)
It celebrates all things about fantasy and science fiction. In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions, you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic (宇宙的) brunch buffet.
1. In which literary festival can you catch a show
A. Summer Words.
B. Book Bonanza.
C. Los Angeles Times Festival of Books.
D. Imaginarium Book Festival.
2. What is special about Book Bonanza
A. Its profits go to charity.
B. It’s meant for women and children.
C. It doesn’t charge admission fee.
D. It features workshops for notable writers.
3. What can you do in Imaginarium Book Festival
A. Get an author-signed photograph.
B. Dine with your admiring writers.
C. Interact with science fiction supermen.
D. Obtain one-on-one reading training.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个美国各地的文学节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Los Angeles Times Festival of Books标题下“It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community, with book signings, panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts, art performances and book giveaways.”(这是一场对书籍和书香社区的盛大庆祝,包括签售会、与知名教授和专家的小组讨论、艺术表演和赠书。)可知,在Los Angeles Times Festival of Books你可以看演出。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Book Bonanza标题下“All proceeds are donated to charitable causes, including those that benefit women and children.”(所有收益都捐赠给慈善事业,包括造福妇女和儿童的事业。)可知,Book Bonanza的特别之处是它的受益会捐赠给慈善。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Imaginarium Book Festival标题下“In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions, you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic (宇宙) brunch buffet.”(除了作家们会回答你的问题之外,你还可以见到你最喜欢的作家,并获得他们的签名书,还可以选择在宇宙早午餐自助餐厅与他们共进午餐。)可知,在 Imaginarium Book Festival你可以和你欣赏的作家一起吃饭。故选B项。
B
In a video submitted to a nationwide science competition, Heman Bekele from Virginia spelled out his mission briefly — cure cancer, one bar of soap at a time. He created a cheap soap that could potentially help fight skin cancer. His invention won him the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, an annual competition that invites students in grades five through eight to “change their world for the better with a single innovative idea”, on October 10, 2023.
At age 4, Heman moved to America from Ethiopia, where he always saw people constantly working under the hot sun. While he considered ideas for the competition, it struck him that so many people in his hometown were unaware of the risk of sun exposure. The recollections fueled his decision to focus his research on skin cancer.
“I hoped to make my idea something that not only was great in terms of science but also could be affordable for as many people as possible,” Heman said. As he initially thought about his approach, Heman wanted his product to be something as much of a “constant” in people’s life as possible, an item that was most convenient in contrast to other medicinal products.
In June 2023, he was selected as a top-ten finalist and paired with 3M product engineering specialist Deborah Isabelle to develop and test a physical prototype (原型) of his idea. It took the pair four months of trial and error to create “Skin Cancer Treating Soap” (SCTS). The bar contains chemicals that restore the body’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells. Once reconstructed, dendritic cells, the body’s first line of defense against cancer and infections, are capable of fighting against cancer cells. SCTS, which costs just 50 cents a bar, still has to undergo clinical trials. The process could take over five years.
Heman’s plan for the soap stretches far beyond the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He also hopes to start a nonprofit to distribute the soap in the future. “There is still a lot left to do,” the 14-year-old teenager said.
4. What inspired Heman’s idea for the invention
A. Folk tales. B. Childhood memories.
C Working experiences. D. Medical observations.
5. In which aspect did Heman want his product to differ from other treatments
A. Accessibility. B. Function. C. Security. D. Effectiveness.
6. How does SCTS work
A. It minimizes solar radiation. B. It kills cancer cells directly.
C. It reactivates destroyed cells. D. It removes viruses from the skin.
7. Which of the following best describes Heman according to the last paragraph
A. Industrious and sociable. B. Ambitious and caring.
C. Intelligent and competitive. D. Sensitive and conservative.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Heman Bekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的廉价肥皂,文章介绍了其灵感来源以及这种肥皂的工作原理。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At age 4, Heman moved to America from Ethiopia, where he always saw people constantly working under the hot sun. While he considered ideas for the competition, it struck him that so many people in his hometown were unaware of the risk of sun exposure. The recollections fueled his decision to focus his research on skin cancer.(4岁时,赫曼从埃塞俄比亚搬到了美国,在那里,他总是看到人们在烈日下不停地工作。当他考虑比赛的想法时,他突然意识到家乡有这么多人没有意识到阳光照射的风险。这些回忆促使他决定将研究重点放在皮肤癌上)”可知,童年记忆激发了赫曼的发明灵感。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““I hoped to make my idea something that not only was great in terms of science but also could be affordable for as many people as possible,” Heman said. As he initially thought about his approach, Heman wanted his product to be something as much of a “constant” in people’s life as possible, an item that was most convenient in contrast to other medicinal products.(赫曼说:“我希望我的想法不仅在科学上是伟大的,而且可以让尽可能多的人负担得起。”当他最初考虑他的方法时,赫曼希望他的产品尽可能成为人们生活中的“常备品”,一种与其他药品相比最方便的产品)”可知,赫曼希望他的产品在可获得性不同于其他疗法。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It took the pair four months of trial and error to create “Skin Cancer Treating Soap” (SCTS). The bar contains chemicals that restore the body’s dendritic cells killed by cancer cells.(这对搭档花了四个月的时间反复试验,创造出了“皮肤癌治疗皂”(SCTS)。这种东西含有的化学物质可以恢复被癌细胞杀死的树突状细胞)”可知,SCTS通过重新激活被破坏的细胞而起作用。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heman’s plan for the soap stretches far beyond the winning. He has a five-year plan, which includes seeking approval from the Food and Drug Administration. He also hopes to start a nonprofit to distribute the soap in the future.(赫曼对肥皂的计划远不止获胜。他有一个五年计划,其中包括寻求食品和药物管理局的批准。他还希望在未来成立一个非营利组织来分发这种肥皂)”可推知,赫曼雄心勃勃,有爱心。故选B。
C
Andrea Lankford quit her job after spending 12 years as a National Park Service forester specializing in search and rescue missions in scenic and remote American landscapes. However, decades later, three young hikers went missing on the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.
Trail of the Lost was her answer.
It’s an absorbing nonfiction narrative (叙事) about the three hikers, including their lives and those of the people looking for them. It also explores the history of the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surround it and those who undertake the 2,650-mile journey.
The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers. Lankford offers a biography (传记) of each of the missing men and shows them through the eyes of those who knew them well and those who joined the search.
Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them. Lankford played a role in each search but she allowed friends, family and even strangers to occupy center stage throughout most of the narrative. The story looks at the role of missing person Facebook groups in the searches and how crucial word of mouth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came forth and became instrumental in the searches or provided valuable information. But Lankford also writes of the many who lied for no apparent reason and confused the investigations.
The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.
Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightforward style, Trail of the Lost is as full of hope and humanity as it is packed with pain, sorrow, danger and tension. Read it and you’ll find more than you seek.
8. What led Lankford to write Trail of the Lost
A. Her love for her prior career.
B. Her strong attachment to the PCT.
C. The stress from the missing families.
D. Her investigation into hikers’ disappearance.
9. What is presented on the second level of the book
A. Efforts by different people in searches.
B. A string of wilderness survival tips.
C. Approaches to information classification.
D. Respective stories of the three hikers.
10. What’s the purpose of mentioning Lankford’s previous adventures
A. To promote her book.
B. To make her a celebrity.
C. To motivate hikers to challenge themselves.
D. To stress the difficulty of hiking the PCT.
11. What can we say about the book
A. It targets single youth.
B. It’s a romantic novel.
C. It’s based on actual events.
D. It’s a detailed account of a journey.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安德里亚·兰克福德撰写的故事《迷失之路》的相关信息。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.”(她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件,尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。)和第二段“Trail of the Lost was her answer.(《迷失之路》就是她的答案)”可知,兰克福德写《迷失之路》的原因是她对徒步旅行者失踪案的调查。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them.”(在这三个徒步旅行者的故事背后,是每个人寻找他们的故事。)可知,作者除了在讲这三个徒步旅行者的故事,书的第二层还呈现了不同人在搜索中的努力。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.”(兰克福德徒步走过了整个阿巴拉契亚山道,是第一个骑山地车穿越800英里的亚利桑那山道的人,他知道PCT对身体和精神的要求是多么高。此外,这本书还探讨了美洲狮对不遵守PCT潜规则的不心怀之人的威胁,揭示了PCT众所周知的、隐藏的或被忽视的危险。)可知,提到兰克福德之前的冒险目的是强调攀登PCT的困难。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.”(她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件,尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。)和第四段“The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers.”(这是一部引人入胜的非虚构故事,讲述了三位徒步旅行者的生活,包括他们的生活以及寻找他们的人的生活。)可知,这本书是根据真实事件改编的。故选C项。
D
Do you have a favorite sport Are you passionate about sewing or reading Typically, you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them. Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities, your desire to participate in them diminishes
Edward Deci, a psychology professor, conducted a series of experiments, in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups: one was paid to complete a puzzle, and the other was not paid to. After money was removed, the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment. The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect, which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person’s internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.
According to the self-determination theory, three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best: autonomy, freedom from external restrictions; competence, the need to feel capable, and relatedness, the need to feel connected with others. In Deci’s experiment, money acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autonomy, a crucial component of internal motivation, discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions. The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun.
But if external stimulation is tied to performance, the overjustification effect is less influential. For example, being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions.
While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation, some strategies can lower its impact. One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards. For instance, praising an individual’s effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation. Additionally, allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works. By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks, individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement.
12. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Remains. B. Weakens. C. Ceases. D. Solidifies.
13. How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment
A. By interpreting a concept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By describing a phenomenon.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3
A. The skills needed for a puzzle.
B. The core elements of inner drives.
C. The impact of autonomy on competence.
D. The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect.
15. Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect
A. Speaking highly of a pupil’s hard work.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin.
C. Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines.
D. Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect, which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person’s internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.(研究结果表明,当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时,就会出现过度合理化效应)”可知,此处介绍过度合理化效应,指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时,你参与其中的欲望会减弱,diminish与weaken“减弱”之间为近义词,故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After money was removed, the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment.(在钱被拿走后,之前被付钱玩一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务)”可知,Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的,故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“According to the self-determination theory, three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best: autonomy, freedom from external restrictions; competence, the need to feel capable, and relatedness, the need to feel connected with others.(根据自决理论,三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要:自主、不受外部限制;能力,感觉有能力的需要,以及相关性,感觉与他人有联系的需要)”可知,本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础,故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation, some strategies can lower its impact. One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards. For instance, praising an individual’s effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation.(虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机,但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可,而不是具体的奖励。例如,赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机)”可知,A项“高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习”可以预防过度合理化效应,故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant. ____16____ You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you! Read on for tips for overcoming culture shock in a short time.
When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land. ____17____ So keep your expectations low.
Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to, it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing — different isn’t necessarily bad. ____18____
Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst. ____19____ Plus, you’ll make some friends who can ease your transformation.
Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people. ____20____ Go out there and have fun!
A. Integrity breaks down barriers.
B. You can gain insight into your surroundings.
C. Culture shock will eventually disappear, though.
D. Every city or country has its own values and beliefs.
E. Never do you know where you might find an interest.
F. Consequently, such memories are what you should treasure.
G. As long as you stick to that, you’ll soon adjust to the new culture.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. E 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了短时间内克服文化冲击的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Culture shock is the experience that often accompanies moving to an unfamiliar place. It could be marked by feeling lost, anxious or hesitant.(文化冲击是指移居到一个不熟悉的地方所带来的体验。它的特点可能是感到失落、焦虑或犹豫)”以及后文“You’ll become accustomed to the same things that initially “shocked” you!(你会习惯最初“震惊”你的同样的事情)”可知,后文提到了会习惯文化冲击,说明文化冲击最终会消失。故C选项“文化冲击最终会消失”符合语境,故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don’t expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land.(当你决定去一个全新的地方旅游时,不要指望你现在的家乡所遵循的传统和文化会被新的地方所遵循)”可知,上文提到了新的地方有新的传统和文化,故本句承接上文说明每个地方文化方面的不同。故D选项“每个城市或国家都有自己的价值观和信仰”符合语境,故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Even though it is an unfamiliar environment hosting different cultures and traditions from the one you’re used to, it’s vital to broaden your mind and be willing to try new things. Don’t be quick to form discriminatory judgments just because it is “odd”. Have a go at something different, like a food or clothing — different isn’t necessarily bad.(即使这是一个陌生的环境,与你所习惯的环境有着不同的文化和传统,拓宽你的思维,愿意尝试新事物也是至关重要的。不要因为它“奇怪”就迅速形成歧视性的判断。尝试一些不同的东西,比如食物或衣服——不同并不一定是坏事)”可知,本句为本段最后一句,承接上文说明尝试新事物的原因。故E选项“你永远不知道你会在哪里找到兴趣”符合语境,故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Social psychologists claim that lack of information is the biggest contributor to prejudices. Talk to the local population and ask them about how their culture works instead of assuming the worst.(社会心理学家声称,缺乏信息是造成偏见的最大原因。与当地人交谈,询问他们的文化是如何运作的,而不是假设最坏的情况)”可知,本句承接上文说明与当地人交谈所带来的好处。故B选项“你可以洞察周围的环境”符合语境,故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Keep yourself open-minded, await new experiences and familiarize yourself with the conduct of the people.(保持开放的心态,等待新的经历,熟悉人们的行为)”可知,本句承接上文,说明上文一系列的行为的影响。故G选项“只要你坚持下去,你很快就会适应新的文化”符合语境,故选G。
第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leigh Ann Sondrup, a devoted nurse at Valleywise, earned the title of a hero after a remarkable off-duty rescue.
The extraordinary chain of events unfolded as Sondrup was heading home from ____21____ one morning. Having just completed her fourth straight night shift, she was ____22____. Driving on State Route 143 near Sky Harbor, Sondrup suddenly noticed a horrible situation in the distance. As she ____23____, she found a concrete truck had overturned, with a man ____24____ inside.
Emergency first responders had not yet made it to the ____25____. Despite her tiredness, Sondrup didn’t ____26____ to make a decision to intervene.
She ____27____ her car. No other cars were moving on the road, ____28____ her to safely walk across the usually busy highway. She got closer to the truck and then quickly ____29____ the situation. She discovered the driver was still conscious, but severely injured and losing _____30_____ at an alarming rate. Every second counted. She _____31_____ crawled (爬) underneath the overturned truck. In a display of resourcefulness, she _____32_____ the man’s belt to stop the bleeding.
Months later, the man who had suffered a life-threatening injury reached out to Sondrup to express his gratitude for a second _____33_____ at life. The Phoenix Fire Department recognized Sondrup for her _____34_____ actions. When interviewed, Sondrup said she maintained a strong _____35_____ that everyone serves a purpose in life and that she was glad to have done her part when duty called.
21.
A. exercise B. work C. vacation D. school
22.
A. high-spirited B. cut-off C. worn-out D. heart-broken
23.
A. awoke B. wandered C. departed D. approached
24.
A. trapped B. transported C. questioned D. laid
25.
A. office B. scene C. hospital D. base
26.
A. continue B. attempt C. offer D. hesitate
27.
A. held onto B. warmed up C. pulled over D. backed up
28.
A. forcing B. allowing C. reminding D. requiring
29.
A. controlled B. pictured C. assessed D. revealed
30.
A. blood B. heart C. balance D. strength
31.
A. accidentally B. secretly C. curiously D. quickly
32.
A. marked B. employed C. swung D. fetched
33.
A. encounter B. choice C. lesson D. chance
34.
A. courageous B. optimistic C. amusing D. effortless
35.
A. assumption B. proposal C. belief D. character
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了护士利·安·桑德拉普在下班途中遇到交通事故,她选择去救助受伤的司机,并获得表彰的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:一天早上,当桑德鲁普下班回家的时候,一连串不同寻常的事件发生了。A. exercise练习;B. work工作;C. vacation假期;D. school学校。根据后文“Having just completed her fourth straight night shift”可知,她刚连续上完第四个夜班,说明她刚工作完下班了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她刚连续上完第四个夜班,已经筋疲力尽了。A. high-spirited情绪高涨的;B. cut-off中断的;C. worn-out疲惫的;D. heart-broken心碎的。根据前文“Having just completed her fourth straight night shift”可知,她刚连续上完第四个夜班,推断出她已经筋疲力尽了。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她走近时,发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了,一名男子被困在里面。A. awoke醒来;B. wandered闲逛;C. departed分离;D. approached走近。根据后文“she found a concrete truck had overturned, with a man ____4____ inside.”可知,桑德拉普走近才发现发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了,一名男子被困在里面。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她走近时,发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了,一名男子被困在里面。A. trapped困住;B. transported运输;C. questioned提问;D. laid躺。根据后文“She ____11____ crawled (爬) underneath the overturned truck.”可知,她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。推断出司机被困在车里。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。A. office办公室;B. scene现场;C. hospital医院;D. base基地。根据后文“No other cars were moving on the road”可知,路上没有行驶的车辆,推断出紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管很累,桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。A. continue继续;B. attempt尝试;C. offer提供;D. hesitate犹豫。根据前文“Emergency first responders had not yet made it to the ____5____.”可知,由于紧急救援人员还没有到达现场,推断出她桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:她把车停在路边。A. held onto持有;B. warmed up热身;C. pulled over靠边停车;D. backed up堵塞。根据后文“She got closer to the truck”可知,她是停车后走近了卡车。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:路上没有其他车辆行驶,这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。A. forcing强迫;B. allowing允许;C. reminding提醒;D. requiring要求。根据前文“No other cars were moving on the road”可知,因为路上没有其他车辆行驶,这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:她走近卡车,然后迅速评估了一下情况。A. controlled控制;B. pictured描绘;C. assessed评估;D. revealed揭示。根据后文“She discovered the driver was still conscious, but severely injured”可知,她发现司机仍有意识,但伤势严重,说明她走近卡车,迅速评估了一下情况。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:她发现司机仍有意识,但伤势严重,失血速度惊人。A. blood血液;B. heart心脏;C. balance平衡;D. strength力量。根据前文“but severely injured”可知,司机伤势严重,推断出他失血速度惊人。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。A. accidentally偶然地;B. secretly秘密地;C. curiously好奇地;D. quickly快速地。根据前文“Every second counted.”可知,救人的时候每一份分钟很重要,推断出她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了显示她的机智,她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。A. marked做标记;B. employed使用;C. swung摇摆;D. fetched取。根据前文“losing ____10____ at an alarming rate”可知,司机失血严重,说明她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:几个月后,这名遭受了危及生命的伤害的男子找到了桑德鲁普,表达了他对第二次生命机会的感激之情。A. encounter偶遇;B. choice选择;C. lesson教训;D. chance机会。根据前文“she ____12____ the man’s belt to stop the bleeding.”可知,她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血,推断出男人感谢她给了他第二次活着的机会。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:凤凰城消防局表彰了桑德拉普的勇敢行为。A. courageous勇敢的;B. optimistic乐观的;C. amusing有趣的;D. effortless毫不费力的。根据前文“Months later, the man who had suffered a life-threatening injury reached out to Sondrup to express his gratitude for a second ____13____ at life.”可知,桑德拉普给了这个司机第二次生命,推断出她因为自己勇敢的行为得到表彰。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在接受采访时,桑德拉普说,她坚信每个人都有自己的人生目标,她很高兴在责任召唤时尽了自己的一份力量。A. assumption假设;B. proposal建议;C. belief信念;D. character性格。根据后文“everyone serves a purpose in life”可知,每个人都有自己的人生目标是她的一种信念。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has given countless patients ____36____ (relieve) of suffering and pain for thousands of years.
____37____ treatment aims to promote the body’s self-regulating functions. Evolving from the discovery ____38____ using stone needles to stick specific points into the skin and underlying tissues could ease pain, acupuncture has become an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine, the philosophical concepts of ____39____ emphasize balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being. Acupuncture is also in line with the philosophy that promotes the ____40____ (harmony) coexistence of humans with nature.
In the book Records of the Grand Historian, which Sima Qian ____41____ (write) about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a ____42____ (true) skilled physician during the Warring States Period, was well known for having saved a prince ____43____ “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint (穴位) on the head of the unconscious man.
Over the years, acupuncture ____44____ (see) many advancements in scientific research and become a global and mainstream alternative treatment for various illnesses. According to a WHO report _____45_____ (issue) in 2019, acupuncture is widely used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its increasing recognition and application.
【答案】36. relief
37. The 38. that
39. which 40. harmonious
41. wrote 42. truly
43. from 44. has seen
45. issued
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的针灸疗法的历史以及哲学概念。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意:针灸,一种古老的中国医学实践,几千年来已经给无数病人减轻了痛苦和苦难。作动词give的宾语,应用名词relief,不可数。故填relief。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意:这种疗法旨在促进身体的自我调节功能。此处特指针灸疗法应用定冠词the,首字母大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意:人们发现使用石针将特定的穴位插入皮肤和皮下组织可以缓解疼痛,针灸由此演变而来,已成为传统中医的重要组成部分,中医的哲学概念强调身体功能的平衡和整体生理健康。引导同位语从句,说明discovery的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,应用that引导。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:人们发现使用石针将特定的穴位插入皮肤和皮下组织可以缓解疼痛,针灸由此演变而来,已成为传统中医的重要组成部分,中医的哲学概念强调身体功能的平衡和整体生理健康。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句,修饰先行词traditional Chinese medicine,作介词的宾语,指物,故填which。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意:针灸也符合促进人与自然和谐共处的哲学。修饰名词coexistence应用形容词harmonious,故填harmonious。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意:在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中,战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊,曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴,使他免于“死亡”。根据后文about 2,100 years ago可知发生在过去,定语从句时态用一般过去时,空格处是定语从句的谓语动词,用过去式。故填wrote。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意:在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中,战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊,曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴,使他免于“死亡”。修饰形容词skilled应用副词truly,故填truly。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意:在大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》中,战国时期的一位真正的医术高明的医生班鹊,曾用针刺激昏迷不醒的人头上的百会穴,使他免于“死亡”。短语save…from…表示“免于……”。故填from。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意:多年来,针灸在科学研究方面取得了许多进展,并成为全球主流的治疗各种疾病的替代疗法。根据上文Over the years可知句子时态为现在完成时,主语为acupuncture,助动词用has。故填has seen。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据世卫组织2019年发布的一份报告,针灸在其120个成员国中的113个国家得到广泛应用,表明针灸得到越来越多的认可和应用。分析句子结构可知,句中含有谓语动词is used,空格处填入非谓语动词,issue与逻辑主语report构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填issued。
第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华,留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gone with the Wind),可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.表示道歉;
2.解释损坏原因;
3.提出补救办法。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing to express my sincere apology for the accidental damage to the English classic Gone with the Wind you kindly lent me.
Yesterday evening I was absorbed in the book when I carelessly knocked down the cup, the hot water pouring over the book. I was upset that the whole book was in bad shape. Knowing how precious the book is to you, I’m terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused.
I expect to make it up to you by replacing the book with a new copy. I’ve purchased one online, which will be sent to you in 3 days. I hope this unfortunate incident won’t affect our friendship. Please accept my heartfelt apology.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gone with the Wind),可是你不小心损坏了。要求考生给他写封邮件道歉,同时解释损坏原因并提出补救办法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
衷心的:sincere → heartfelt
全神贯注于:be absorbed in → concentrate on
珍贵的:precious→ valuable
非常:terribly → awfully
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:I was upset that the whole book was in bad shape.
拓展句:I was upset because the whole book was in bad shape.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing how precious the book is to you, I’m terribly sorry for any inconvenience caused. (运用了现在分词作原因状语)
[高分句型2] I’ve purchased one online, which will be sent to you in 3 days. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ever since Jake first watched the 1988 Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea, he had dreamed of being in the Olympics. For years, he had worked hard to become a good swimmer, training and practicing. Two decades later, he was in Beijing, China, for his first Olympic performance, as part of his country’s swimming team!
The Olympic Stadium was packed with athletes from all over the world, all eagerly awaiting the start of the opening parade (入场式). The atmosphere was electric and everything seemed perfect. Almost.
Jake loved his red, white and blue official Olympic jacket with the Olympic rings on the back. But several minutes before, Jake had torn a hole in the left sleeve (袖子) of his jacket when it got caught in a gate.
“Too bad about your jacket,” his teammate, Ben, commented.
“I hope nobody notices it,” Jake sighed.
“Someone will” Ben laughed.
Jake didn’t respond as he was already feeling annoyed and depressed after having to deal with his lost suitcase when they landed at the airport the day before. He could not believe how things were not going his way.
Suddenly, a lovely little girl about 8 years old came up to Jake and pointed at the tear in his sleeve. Jake smiled at her. The girl started speaking in a language he couldn’t understand, all the while pointing at his torn sleeve. Unable to catch a word, Jake turned to his teammates for help but all of them shook their heads with a helpless expression. At that moment, the little girl began to take off her own jacket that was marked with a red English word “China” and looked up at Jake eagerly, signing to Jake to do so.
“Oh, I get it. You want to try it on. Here you go!” Jake slipped off the jacket and handed it to her. The Chinese girl took it, bowed and took off with his jacket right away!
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Can’t she be a little thief ” Ben joked, pointing at her back.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jake turned around, only to see the little girl coming.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
“Can’t she be a little thief ” Ben joked, pointing at her back. His words suddenly made Jake awake to something wrong. Without delay, Jake rushed into the crowd, desperate to catch up with the girl. But she quickly disappeared from view. Frustration and anger welled up inside him when he realized he might lose his precious jacket. But Jake had to stand back with his team, waiting for the parade to start. Noticing his depression, Ben patted him on the shoulder, saying gently, “It’s okay. You’re with us.” Jake nodded, grateful for the support from his teammate. Just as Jake was starting to accept the fact that he’d march without his jacket, he heard someone calling.
Jake turned around, only to see the little girl coming. In her hands was his jacket. With a sincere smile, the girl handed it to Jake and showed him where his left sleeve used to be broken. What Jake saw left him speechless and wide-eyed: the big hole in the sleeve was skillfully replaced by a perfectly sewn pattern that well matched the sleeve. Guilty and grateful, Jake thanked the girl repeatedly. Soon, the music began and the parade started. Marching forward, Jake waved his left arm proudly to the excited audience, deeply touched by Chinese people’s kindness and consideration.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了从小梦想参加奥运会的Jake多年后成为一名优秀的游泳运动员,加入国家游泳队,参加北京奥运会。Jake和队友在等待着开幕式的开始,气氛很热烈,但是他喜欢的官方奥运夹克几分钟前意外被门夹住了,左袖上破了一个洞,队友Ben认为这很糟糕,肯定会有人注意到。Jake想到前一天在机场处理丢失的手提箱的事情,变得恼火和沮丧。突然,一个约8岁的小女孩走到Jake的身边,指着他左袖上的洞,开始说话,但他和队友们都听不懂。小女孩于是脱下自己的夹克,指着上面的英文单词“China”,并示意Jake脱下他的夹克。Jake认为小女孩是想试穿自己的衣服,于是脱下给了她,她接过Jake的夹克后,鞠了一躬便带着夹克离开了。
【详解】1. 段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“‘她不会是个小贼吗?’Ben指着她的背开玩笑说”可知,第一段可描写Jake觉得事情不对劲,于是去追小女孩,但没追到,以及Ben安慰因此感到沮丧的Jake。
②由第二段首句内容“Jake转过身来,却看见小女孩走过来”可知,第二段可描写小女孩把Jake的夹克还给他,Jake发现左袖上的洞已被修补好,以及Jake内心既感到愧疚又充满感激的心理活动。
2. 续写线索:Ben开玩笑——Jake去追小女孩——Ben安慰Jake——Jake发现小女孩走来——小女孩归还夹克——Jake的心理活动
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①冲:rush/run/dash
②消失:disappear/vanish
③意识到:realize/recognize
④注意到:notice/observe/see
⑤替代:replace/substitute
情绪类
①沮丧:frustration/depression/discouragement
②生气:anger/annoyance/irritation
③感激的:grateful/thankful
④兴奋的:excited/thrilled
⑤感动:touch/move
【点睛】[高分句型1] Frustration and anger welled up inside him when he realized he might lose his precious jacket. (when引导时间状语从句、that引导名词性从句作realized的宾语并被省略)
[高分句型2] Just as Jake was starting to accept the fact that he’d march without his jacket, he heard someone calling. (as引导时间状语从句、that引导同位语从句)
[高分句型3] What Jake saw left him speechless and wide-eyed: the big hole in the sleeve was skillfully replaced by a perfectly sewn pattern that well matched the sleeve. (What引导名词性从句作主语、that引导限制性定语从句)