(共13张PPT)
语法③ 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
概述：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。
构成：
2．定语从句的先行词及关系代词
先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语和整个主句；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语、补语和整个主句。
关系代词及其具体功用：
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
which 指物 主语、宾语、定语
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
God helps those who/that help themselves.
上帝帮助自强的人。
This is the factory which/that we once visited.
这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。
There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn't know.
来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。
That's the man whose house has burned down.
那就是那个房屋被烧毁的人。
[误区警示]
(1)在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用whom，不用who，口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
(2)关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。
The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our manager.
你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。
(3)whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。
I don't want to pay for the book whose cover is lost.我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。
即学即练1 观察定语从句体会其作用
1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside
2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an．
3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen．
①例句1中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，不可省略。
②例句2中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，可以省略。
③例句3中的黑体词在定语从句中作________。
找出下列定语从句中的先行词
④Is this the book which your father bought for you？_________
⑤Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？_________
⑥They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. _________
主语
宾语
定语
the book
the man
the man
用定语从句合并句子
⑦This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.
→This is the house ________________________．
⑧The boy is Tom. The boy is studying in the classroom.
→The boy __________________________ is Tom.
单句语法填空
⑨—Do you know everyone ________ came to the party
—No, I don't know the one ___________ you had a long talk with.
⑩I admire my classmates _______ English is good.
The report ________ will be given tomorrow is important to us.
that/which Lu Xun once lived in
that/who is studying in the classroom
who/that
whom/who/that
whose
which/that
3．关系代词that与which的区别
用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰。
(2)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰。
(3)先行词前有the very, the only等修饰。
(4)先行词既有人也有物。
(5)先行词前有疑问代词which时。
(6)there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词。
(7)先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语。
用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句。(先行词和后面的定语从句被逗号隔开)
Paper-cutting, which is a traditional art form in our country, dates from the Han Dynasty.
剪纸可追溯到汉朝，它是我们国家的传统艺术形式。
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the book for which I paid five dollars.
这就是我花5美元买的那本书。
[学法点拨]
学习语法(定语从句)时，我们不要为太多的规则所累，要学会抓住其核心知识，如关系代词that和which的区别，我们不难发现，that的用法多于which，因此我们只要谨记which的特殊用法，自然就不会用错。
即学即练2 单句语法填空
①Is there anything _____ I can do for you
②I like the very method _____ she uses to learn English.
③Who was the woman _____ you were talking with
④Maybe you have a habit _________ is driving your family crazy.
⑤In the end, she decided to sell the house ______ windows were almost all broken.
⑥This is the most interesting story _____ I have ever read.
⑦I'm really interested in all _____ you have said.
⑧Here is the book about ______ I told you yesterday.
⑨When people talk about the cities of China, the first _____ comes into their mind is Beijing.
⑩Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty, ______ is what his parents expect.
that
that/which
that
that
whose
that
that
that
which
which
语法专练
1．There are species (物种) _____ are disappearing every day.
2．They also had a small pond in ______ they raised fish.
3．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
4．They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
5．And I've found that the possibilities _____ lie within books are limitless.
that
which
that/which
who/that
that
6．With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid ________ would enjoy public speaking.
7．For example, there are huge amounts of reference books _________ I am often confused to choose from.
8．... Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl _______ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
9．Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
10．Many people ________ live along the coast make a living on fishing industry.
who/that
that/which
whose
whose
who/that语法精讲③ 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
概述：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。
构成：
2．定语从句的先行词及关系代词
先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语和整个主句；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语、补语和整个主句。
关系代词及其具体功用：
关系代词 指代的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
which 指物 主语、宾语、定语
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
God helps those who/that help themselves.
上帝帮助自强的人。
This is the factory which/that we once visited.
这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。
There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn't know.
来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。
That's the man whose house has burned down.
那就是那个房屋被烧毁的人。
[误区警示]
(1)在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用whom，不用who，口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
(2)关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。
The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our manager.
你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。
(3)whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。
I don't want to pay for the book whose cover is lost.我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。
即学即练1 观察定语从句体会其作用
1．Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside
2．He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an．
3．Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen．
①例句1中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，不可省略。
②例句2中的黑体词在定语从句中作________，可以省略。
③例句3中的黑体词在定语从句中作________。
找出下列定语从句中的先行词
④Is this the book which your father bought for you？________________
⑤Who is the man that is speaking to your mother？________________
⑥They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.________________
用定语从句合并句子
⑦This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.
→This is the house ________________________．
⑧The boy is Tom. The boy is studying in the classroom.
→The boy ________________________ is Tom.
单句语法填空
⑨—Do you know everyone ________ came to the party
—No, I don't know the one ________ you had a long talk with.
⑩I admire my classmates ________ English is good.
The report ________ will be given tomorrow is important to us.
3．关系代词that与which的区别
用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰。
(2)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰。
(3)先行词前有the very, the only等修饰。
(4)先行词既有人也有物。
(5)先行词前有疑问代词which时。
(6)there be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词。
(7)先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语。
用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句。(先行词和后面的定语从句被逗号隔开)
Paper-cutting, which is a traditional art form in our country, dates from the Han Dynasty.
剪纸可追溯到汉朝，它是我们国家的传统艺术形式。
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the book for which I paid five dollars.
这就是我花5美元买的那本书。
[学法点拨]
学习语法(定语从句)时，我们不要为太多的规则所累，要学会抓住其核心知识，如关系代词that和which的区别，我们不难发现，that的用法多于which，因此我们只要谨记which的特殊用法，自然就不会用错。
即学即练2 单句语法填空
①Is there anything ________ I can do for you
②I like the very method ________ she uses to learn English.
③Who was the woman ________ you were talking with
④Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.
⑤In the end, she decided to sell the house ________ windows were almost all broken.
⑥This is the most interesting story ________ I have ever read.
⑦I'm really interested in all ________ you have said.
⑧Here is the book about ________ I told you yesterday.
⑨When people talk about the cities of China, the first ________ comes into their mind is Beijing.
⑩Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty, ________ is what his parents expect.
语法专练
1．There are species (物种) ________ are disappearing every day.
2．They also had a small pond in ________ they raised fish.
3．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
4．They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
5．And I've found that the possibilities ________ lie within books are limitless.
6．With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid ________ would enjoy public speaking.
7．For example, there are huge amounts of reference books ________ I am often confused to choose from.
8．... Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl ________ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
9．Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
10．Many people ________ live along the coast make a living on fishing industry.
语法精讲③ 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
[即学即练1] ①主语 ②宾语 ③定语 ④the book ⑤the man ⑥the man ⑦that/which Lu Xun once lived in ⑧that/who is studying in the classroom ⑨who/that whom/who/that ⑩whose which/that
[即学即练2] ①that ②that ③that ④that/which ⑤whose ⑥that ⑦that ⑧which ⑨that ⑩which
课时达标·随堂自测
1．that 2.which 3.that/which 4.who/that 5.that 6．who/that 7.that/which 8.whose 9.whose 10.who/that
