楚雄州中小学2023-2024学年上学期期末教育学业质量监测
高三年级 英语试卷
注意事项
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.
Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe
The project is home to an internationally renowned Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme which has supported Zimbabwe’s rhino population since the mid 1980s. To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. Volunteers play a role in securing the future of this once-again endangered animal, working alongside anti-poaching rangers (反偷猎护林员), working on rhino research projects and getting involved in the daily care of both black and white rhino.
Our Rhino Conservation Programme is a unique hands-on opportunity to get behind the scenes and experience day-to-day life on a private conservancy, and be involved with the protection and conservation of Zimbabwe’s endangered black rhino.
The aim of the programme is to assist the reserve’s established Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme, collect meaningful data and information relating to rhino and wildlife conservation and animal behaviour, and engage with the local community about wildlife conservation.
Cheetah (猎豹) Conservation
In 2021, two captive-born male cheetah were introduced to the conservancy as part of an international rewilding programme. The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.
Volunteer Work
Volunteers contribute to a long-term conservation project and get involved with a variety of conservation activities:
·Work alongside rhinos, cheetah and elephants
·Conservancy management
·Wildlife monitoring
·Anti-poaching patrols and snare sweeps
·Educate school-children about conservation, wildlife and the environment
·Learn about what is involved in running a conservancy
1. What can we say about Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme
A. Its work pays off. B. It is limited to Zimbabwe.
C It is home to two cheetah. D. It has a history of 50 years.
2. What should be recorded about the cheetah
A. Their birth rate. B. Their hunting rate.
C. Their area of activity. D. Their sleep schedule.
3. Who are likely to apply for the volunteer work
A. Those who live outside Zimbabwe.
B. Those who prefer to work at home.
C. Those who like engaging with animals.
D. Those who would like to make a fortune.
B
When trash sculptor Stephanie Hongo meets friends for drinks or dinner, it’s not unusual for one of them to hand her shopping bags full of lids, empty soap bottles, and even a Barbie leg or two. By now, she’s used to neighbors, friends and even strangers giving her their recyclable rejects.
But Hongo doesn’t need any more garbage. She has a large collection of her own at home. “You don’t need to be a trash picker to do this,” she says. “Trash is everywhere.” And for Hongo, where there is trash, there is art. Since 2017, Hongo has crafted complex sea creatures, realistic-looking jungle animals and other creatures out of everything from plastic forks to plastic tubing as well as a hair dryer, a purse, a tooth brush, and even a hair straightener.
Starting with her first piece—a blue deer named Yandoo that she fashioned out of odds and ends laying around her flat, which she screwed together and spray painted in a makeshift basement art studio—she’s gone on to create more than 160 trash sculptures.
“I feel very fortunate,” says Hongo, who loves making a living as an artist. “I care about our environment. The upcycling aspect of it is a lovely byproduct.” Though she doesn’t consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she’s inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills. But for her, she says, “The art comes first.”
Before starting each project, Hongo figures out exactly what pieces of scrap (废旧的) metal, tubing and plastics she’ll need to transform the pile of junk on her worktable into something fantastic, like a majestic octopus (章鱼) rocketing through the coral or a cute koala hugging a tree.
Since her funky creations sell on line at prices starting at $400, she’s been fortunate enough to make trash sculpting her full-time career. “It’s so much more than I ever expected,” she says.
4. Why does Hongo say “You don’t need to be a trash picker to do this”
A. Because it is hard to pick trash.
B. Because there is trash everywhere.
C. Because her friends give her enough.
D. Because she has a large collection of trash.
5. What does Hongo expect others to learn from her art form
A. To enjoy art. B. To collect trash.
C. To trash sculptures. D. To recycle waste.
6. What does Hongo do before starting each project
A. Find enough fantastic shapes to copy.
B. Put away the things on her works.
C Make out what materials suit her works.
D. Figure out what her pile of junk is made of.
7. Which of the following can best describe Hongo
A. Creative and inspiring. B. Diligent and practical.
C. Helpful and generous. D. Humorous and determined.
C
With a fragrance (芳香) through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months, memories skyrocketed. Participants in this study by University of California, Irvine (UCI)neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group. The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia (痴呆).
The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment. All were given seven small containers each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength oils. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed, and it activated for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. Participants also reported sleeping more soundly. The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.
Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell, can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases. These include Alzheimer’s and other dementias, Parkinson’s and alcoholism. Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills, eased depression and improved their sense of smell.
The team would next like to study the technique’s impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss. A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.
8. What field may the findings be applied to
A. Controlling sleep. B. Exploring smells.
C. Developing skills. D. Promoting memory.
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Research results. B. Research process.
C. Research methods. D. Research purpose.
10. How did researchers assess the performance of the participants
A By giving the participants a test.
B. By scanning the participants’ brain.
C. By observing the participants’ actions.
D. By asking about the participants’ feeling.
11. What will the researchers focus on in future
A. Developing a smell product.
B. The impact of cognitive loss.
C. Application of research results.
D. Doing market research for their product.
D
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
12. How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A. By shortening their travel time.
B. By making their schedules tight.
C. By decreasing their transport cost.
D. By improving their safety awareness.
13. What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A. They provide more spatial coverage.
B. They can’t detect objects on the road.
C. They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D. They accurately record the flow of traffic.
14. What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A. Operation. B. Monitoring. C. Protection. D. Arrangement.
15. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Transportation automation is on its way
B. It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C. Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D. Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your guide to a no-spend challenge
A no-spend challenge isn’t about total deprivation (剥夺) or freezing your bank account. ____16____. The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.
Assessing and prioritising needs
Before delving (深入探究) into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. ____17____.
Creating a realistic budget
A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. ____18____. Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.
Support system
____19____. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals creates a positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness.
____20____
As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.
The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities.
A. Establishing long-term habits
B. Understanding the no-spend challenge
C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected
D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals
E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort
F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits
G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins. When I ____21____, both of the brake lights went out. Thinking that I was stopped for a(n) ____22____ traffic check, I reached for my driving license and registration. I was even ready for a(n) ____23____.
As he ____24____ the car and saw I was pulling out my stuff, he ____25____ said, “Don’t worry about pulling anything out. I just want you to be ____26____ that your brake lights are out.” I was immediately ____27____ because I had just got them replaced last month. I explained to him how the garage mechanic wanted to ____28____ me $600 just to run a test on the wiring of the car.
He looked at me with a ____29____ and told me to pop the trunk. With a simple tap here and a tap there, Jenkins managed to get the brake lights ____30____ again.
I was moved by his ____31____. He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of ____32____ role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight. His action reminded me of the profound impact a ____33____ act of kindness can have. It’s a call to recognize those who go the ____34____ mile, who do more than what’s ____35____ of them.
21. A. pushed forward B. pulled over C. counted down D. choked up
22. A. routine B. legal C. criminal D. urgent
23. A. quarrel B. eruption C. ticket D. excuse
24. A. tackled B. suspended C. inspected D. approached
25. A. immediately B. awfully C. subsequently D. deliberately
26. A. informed B. aware C. inferred D. sure
27. A. thrilled B. delighted C. upset D. panicky
28. A. charge B. pay C. fine D. award
29. A. style B. flash C. smile D. symbol
30. A. contracting B. competing C. cooperating D. working
31. A. generosity B. kindness C. guidance D. discovery
32. A. engineer B. designer C. officer D. citizen
33. A. fluent B. challenging C. suitable D. small
34. A. extra B. ideal C. amazing D. hard
35. A. convinced B. required C. reminded D. expected
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A collection of tombs dating from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties period were discovered in Wulong District of Southwest China’s Chongqing. The tomb dating back ____36____ the Western Han Dynasty was the most important among them, and more than 600 precious ____37____ (culture) relics such as lacquerware (漆器), wood ware, bamboo ware, pottery and bronze ware were unearthed from it. Due to ____38____ (fill) with water, the tomb remained undisturbed and unharmed, and the funerary objects were well-preserved.
What is exciting about this ____39____ (discover) is not just the large number of unearthed artifacts but also the list of burial items that indicate a precise record of burial, ____40____ has been verified as 193 BC, ____41____ (provide) clarity on the tomb’s date. A piece of unearthed jade ware shows the important position of the tomb owner. The list of burial items found in the tomb is complete and ____42____ (clear) records the name, quantity and size of the funerary objects.
The tomb ____43____ (contain) the largest quantity of lacquered wood and bamboo ware ever found at one time in the upper ____44____ (reach) of the Yangtze River. Based on publicly available information, it is also the earliest tomb of the Western Han Dynasty found in China with ____45____ clear recorded year.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，是校书法社的负责人，你得知你的交换生同学Amy对书法很感兴趣。请你给她发一封电子邮件，邀请她加入书法社，内容包括：
1. 介绍书法社的情况；
2 发出邀请；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Amy,
How is everything going
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As The Jungle Book song Bear Necessities goes, “forget about your worries and your conflict” can be a little bit difficult when you find yourself face to face with a real bear.
Bears are common in the Northern Hemisphere. As human habitats stretch toward the wilderness, more and more animals cross their paths with those of humans. This can lead to dangerous encounters especially when precautions are not in place. In these situations, keeping your distance is still the best advice.
According to the National Park Service, one should also remain calm as bears, more often than not, are not really willing to attack you. Once in a standoff (对峙), avoid making sudden moves or loud noises as these can trigger aggression. 7-year-old Huxley did exactly what he was told when he encountered a massive bear.
It was a Sunny morning. Huxley was wandering on his way home when a big hulking (笨重的) figure emerges from behind him. A hurried glance backward, he knew it was a black bear. The bear approached cautiously at first, probably sizing up the figure in front of him. A second later, perhaps judging that Huxley was no match for it, the bear burst into a full sprint (冲刺) and ran its way toward the boy.
At first, Huxley was really frightened. However, he knew it was impossible to run or fight with the big beast. In the moment of crisis, he remembered his mother reminds him regularly about these possible encounters. She tells him that if Huxley finds himself face to face with a bear and there are no adults around, he should remain calm.
Huxley calmed down at thinking of this. He stared at the bear down without any movement. This might have been the reason why the young bear stopped dead in its tracks. They faced each other motionless, and there was only a foot distance between them.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
From around the corner, a neighbor hurriedly walked to the scene.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The neighbor continued to pressure the bear while the animal tried its best to find an escape route.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________楚雄州中小学2023-2024学年上学期期末教育学业质量监测
高三年级 英语试卷
注意事项
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.
Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe
The project is home to an internationally renowned Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme which has supported Zimbabwe’s rhino population since the mid 1980s. To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. Volunteers play a role in securing the future of this once-again endangered animal, working alongside anti-poaching rangers (反偷猎护林员), working on rhino research projects and getting involved in the daily care of both black and white rhino.
Our Rhino Conservation Programme is a unique hands-on opportunity to get behind the scenes and experience day-to-day life on a private conservancy, and be involved with the protection and conservation of Zimbabwe’s endangered black rhino.
The aim of the programme is to assist the reserve’s established Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme, collect meaningful data and information relating to rhino and wildlife conservation and animal behaviour, and engage with the local community about wildlife conservation.
Cheetah (猎豹) Conservation
In 2021, two captive-born male cheetah were introduced to the conservancy as part of an international rewilding programme. The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.
Volunteer Work
Volunteers contribute to a long-term conservation project and get involved with a variety of conservation activities:
·Work alongside rhinos, cheetah and elephants
·Conservancy management
·Wildlife monitoring
·Anti-poaching patrols and snare sweeps
·Educate school-children about conservation, wildlife and the environment
·Learn about what is involved in running a conservancy
1. What can we say about Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme
A. Its work pays off. B. It is limited to Zimbabwe.
C. It is home to two cheetah. D. It has a history of 50 years.
2. What should be recorded about the cheetah
A. Their birth rate. B. Their hunting rate.
C. Their area of activity. D. Their sleep schedule.
3. Who are likely to apply for the volunteer work
A. Those who live outside Zimbabwe.
B. Those who prefer to work at home.
C. Those who like engaging with animals.
D. Those who would like to make a fortune.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了两个保护野生动物的志愿项目及他们对志愿者的要求。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe部分第一段“To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. (迄今为止，已有20头犀牛在保护区出生，其中12头犀牛成功放归野外)”可知，黑犀牛繁殖和放生项目的工作取得了成效。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Cheetah Conservation部分“The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.(猎豹现在可以在保护区自由漫步，志愿者在监测和观察它们的行为、追踪它们的行动和记录它们的狩猎速度方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，猎豹的狩猎速度应该被记录。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.(成功的野生动物保护与社区教育和参与密不可分。志愿者与社区领导人和学校合作，分享他们对保护和环境的热情)”可知，文章主要介绍的两个志愿者活动是围绕野生动物保护展开的，故喜欢与动物打交道的人可能会申请该志愿者活动。故选C项。
B
When trash sculptor Stephanie Hongo meets friends for drinks or dinner, it’s not unusual for one of them to hand her shopping bags full of lids, empty soap bottles, and even a Barbie leg or two. By now, she’s used to neighbors, friends and even strangers giving her their recyclable rejects.
But Hongo doesn’t need any more garbage. She has a large collection of her own at home. “You don’t need to be a trash picker to do this,” she says. “Trash is everywhere.” And for Hongo, where there is trash, there is art. Since 2017, Hongo has crafted complex sea creatures, realistic-looking jungle animals and other creatures out of everything from plastic forks to plastic tubing as well as a hair dryer, a purse, a tooth brush, and even a hair straightener.
Starting with her first piece—a blue deer named Yandoo that she fashioned out of odds and ends laying around her flat, which she screwed together and spray painted in a makeshift basement art studio—she’s gone on to create more than 160 trash sculptures.
“I feel very fortunate,” says Hongo, who loves making a living as an artist. “I care about our environment. The upcycling aspect of it is a lovely byproduct.” Though she doesn’t consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she’s inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills. But for her, she says, “The art comes first.”
Before starting each project, Hongo figures out exactly what pieces of scrap (废旧的) metal, tubing and plastics she’ll need to transform the pile of junk on her worktable into something fantastic, like a majestic octopus (章鱼) rocketing through the coral or a cute koala hugging a tree.
Since her funky creations sell on line at prices starting at $400, she’s been fortunate enough to make trash sculpting her full-time career. “It’s so much more than I ever expected,” she says.
4. Why does Hongo say “You don’t need to be a trash picker to do this”
A. Because it is hard to pick trash.
B. Because there is trash everywhere.
C. Because her friends give her enough.
D. Because she has a large collection of trash.
5. What does Hongo expect others to learn from her art form
A. To enjoy art. B. To collect trash.
C. To trash sculptures. D. To recycle waste.
6. What does Hongo do before starting each project
A. Find enough fantastic shapes to copy.
B. Put away the things on her works.
C. Make out what materials suit her works.
D. Figure out what her pile of junk is made of.
7. Which of the following can best describe Hongo
A. Creative and inspiring. B. Diligent and practical.
C. Helpful and generous. D. Humorous and determined.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家Stephanie Hongo将垃圾变成雕塑作品，从而激发人们回收利用垃圾的意识。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段““You don’t need to be a trash picker to do this,” she says. “Trash is everywhere.”(她说：“你不需要成为一个捡垃圾的人。垃圾无处不在”)”可知，你不需要成为一个捡垃圾的人，因为到处都是垃圾。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Though she doesn’t consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she’s inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills.(尽管她不认为自己是一个真正的生态艺术家，但她希望自己能激励其他人重新使用通常会被填埋的物品)”可知，Hongo希望其他人能从她的艺术形式中学习回收利用垃圾。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Before starting each project, Hongo figures out exactly what pieces of scrap metal, tubing and plastics she’ll need to transform the pile of junk on her worktable into something fantastic, like a majestic octopus rocketing through the coral or a cute koala hugging a tree.(在开始每个项目之前，Hongo都会准确地计算出她需要什么样的废金属、管材和塑料片，才能把工作台上的一堆垃圾变成奇妙的东西，比如一只雄伟的章鱼在珊瑚中飞驰，或者一只可爱的考拉拥抱在树上)”可知，Hongo在开始每一个项目之前都要弄清楚哪些材料适合她的作品。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And for Hongo, where there is trash, there is art. Since 2017, Hongo has crafted complex sea creatures, realistic-looking jungle animals and other creatures out of everything from plastic forks to plastic tubing as well as a hair dryer, a purse, a tooth brush, and even a hair straightener.(对Hongo来说，有垃圾的地方就有艺术。自2017年以来，Hongo用各种材料从塑料叉到塑料管，还有吹风机、钱包、牙刷，甚至直发器制作了复杂的海洋生物、逼真的丛林动物和其他生物)”及第四段“Though she doesn’t consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she’s inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills.(尽管她不认为自己是一个真正的生态艺术家，但她希望自己能激励其他人重新使用通常会被填埋的物品)”可知，Hongo用废品制造出各种雕塑，并希望激励人们学会循环利用，故她是一个有创造力和鼓舞人心的人。故选A项。
C
With a fragrance (芳香) through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months, memories skyrocketed. Participants in this study by University of California, Irvine (UCI)neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group. The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia (痴呆).
The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment. All were given seven small containers, each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength oils. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed, and it activated for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. Participants also reported sleeping more soundly. The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.
Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell, can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases. These include Alzheimer’s and other dementias, Parkinson’s and alcoholism. Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills, eased depression and improved their sense of smell.
The team would next like to study the technique’s impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss. A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.
8. What field may the findings be applied to
A. Controlling sleep. B. Exploring smells.
C. Developing skills. D. Promoting memory.
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Research results. B. Research process.
C. Research methods. D. Research purpose.
10. How did researchers assess the performance of the participants
A. By giving the participants a test.
B. By scanning the participants’ brain.
C. By observing the participants’ actions.
D. By asking about the participants’ feeling.
11. What will the researchers focus on in future
A. Developing a smell product.
B. The impact of cognitive loss.
C. Application of research results.
D. Doing market research for their product.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究发现，老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味，老人的记忆激增。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.(研究人员表示，这一发现将嗅觉和记忆之间长期存在的联系转化为一种简单、无创的技术，可以增强记忆，并有可能预防痴呆症)”可知，该发现可能用于改善记忆力的领域。故选D项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment. All were given seven small containers, each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength oils. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed, and it activated for two hours as they slept.(该项目是通过UCI学习与记忆神经生物学中心进行的。研究对象为年龄在60至85岁之间且无记忆障碍的男性和女性。所有人都得到了七个小容器，每个容器都装有一种不同的天然油。强化组的人接受了全强度油。对照组的参与者服用了少量的精油。参与者每天晚上睡觉前把一个不同的容器放进房间，在他们睡觉的时候它会激活两个小时)”第二段主要介绍了的是研究是怎样进行的，即研究过程。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. (通过常用于评估记忆的单词表测试，与对照组相比，强化组的人的认知能力提高了226%)”可知，研究人员通过给予参与者单词表测试来评估参与者的表现。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The team would next like to study the technique’s impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss. A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.(该团队接下来想研究这项技术对被诊断为认知障碍的人的影响。根据他们的研究，一种专为人们在家使用而设计的产品预计将于今年秋天上市)”可知，他们研究的新产品将要上市，故研究人员未来将关注研究成果的应用。故选C项。
D
Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
12. How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A. By shortening their travel time.
B. By making their schedules tight.
C. By decreasing their transport cost.
D. By improving their safety awareness.
13. What can we know about the sensors placed on buses
A. They provide more spatial coverage.
B. They can’t detect objects on the road.
C. They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D. They accurately record the flow of traffic.
14. What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A. Operation. B. Monitoring. C. Protection. D. Arrangement.
15. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Transportation automation is on its way
B. It is time to improve the efficiency of traffic system
C. Transportation planners use cameras to make policies
D. Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.(研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地)”可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图)”可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。由此推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及划线词前面的内容“While still a long way from total implementation(实施), the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future ...(虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…)”可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。故划线词与B选项“Monitoring.(监控)”为同义词。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.( 俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。由此可知，D选项“Cameras installed on buses can better measure traffic(安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your guide to a no-spend challenge
A no-spend challenge isn’t about total deprivation (剥夺) or freezing your bank account. ____16____. The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.
Assessing and prioritising needs
Before delving (深入探究) into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. ____17____.
Creating a realistic budget
A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. ____18____. Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.
Support system
____19____. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals creates a positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness.
____20____
As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.
The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities.
A. Establishing long-term habits
B. Understanding the no-spend challenge
C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected
D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals
E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort
F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits
G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些理财技巧和建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“A no-spend challenge isn’t about total deprivation (剥夺) or freezing your bank account.(不花钱的挑战并不是完全剥夺你的财产或者冻结你的银行账户)”提到了不花钱并不是完全剥夺你的财产或者冻结你的银行账户，故本句是在解释不花钱的正确概念。故G选项“它代表了一个有意识的决定，重新调整你的财务重点，控制你的消费习惯”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge.(确定经常性账单、必要支出和基本项目。将它们与在非必要产品和服务上随意支出区分开来。这一初步步骤为现实和可持续的挑战奠定了基础)”可知，上文提到把经常性账单、必要支出和基本项目与非必要支出区分开来，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文继续说明这么做的好处，故C选项“它确保你生活的关键方面不受影响”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality.(一个成功的不花钱的挑战根植于一个精心制作的预算的发展，这个预算反映了你的财务现实)”以及后文“Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.(为杂货和账单等可变支出分配具体金额，加强问责制，并在挑战期间为负责任的支出提供清晰的路线图)”可知，上文建议做预算，后文提到了后续做法，可知本句是在说明做预算的第一步，故D选项“首先列出你的收入、固定支出和任何即将到来的财务目标”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文“A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals creates a positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity.(一个坚定的支持系统，理解和尊重你的财务目标，创造一个积极的环境，培养动力和团结)”提到了支持系统的重要性，可知本句是在说明培养支持系统所需要的条件。故E选项“与朋友和家人分享你的承诺，鼓励他们支持你的努力”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.(确定你想要保持的积极变化，并将它们整合到你的长期财务战略中)”提到了把习惯整合到长期战略中，即养成长期的财务习惯，后文long-term financial strategy可对应到A选项long-term habits。故A选项“养成长期习惯”可作为该部分小标题，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins. When I ____21____, both of the brake lights went out. Thinking that I was stopped for a(n) ____22____ traffic check, I reached for my driving license and registration. I was even ready for a(n) ____23____.
As he ____24____ the car and saw I was pulling out my stuff, he ____25____ said, “Don’t worry about pulling anything out. I just want you to be ____26____ that your brake lights are out.” I was immediately ____27____ because I had just got them replaced last month. I explained to him how the garage mechanic wanted to ____28____ me $600 just to run a test on the wiring of the car.
He looked at me with a ____29____ and told me to pop the trunk. With a simple tap here and a tap there, Jenkins managed to get the brake lights ____30____ again.
I was moved by his ____31____. He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of ____32____ role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight. His action reminded me of the profound impact a ____33____ act of kindness can have. It’s a call to recognize those who go the ____34____ mile, who do more than what’s ____35____ of them.
21. A. pushed forward B. pulled over C. counted down D. choked up
22. A. routine B. legal C. criminal D. urgent
23. A. quarrel B. eruption C. ticket D. excuse
24. A. tackled B. suspended C. inspected D. approached
25. A. immediately B. awfully C. subsequently D. deliberately
26. A. informed B. aware C. inferred D. sure
27. A. thrilled B. delighted C. upset D. panicky
28. A. charge B. pay C. fine D. award
29. A. style B. flash C. smile D. symbol
30. A. contracting B. competing C. cooperating D. working
31. A. generosity B. kindness C. guidance D. discovery
32. A. engineer B. designer C. officer D. citizen
33. A. fluent B. challenging C. suitable D. small
34. A. extra B. ideal C. amazing D. hard
35. A. convinced B. required C. reminded D. expected
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在面试的途中被警官詹金斯拦下，警官仅仅是想告诉他他的刹车灯坏了，作者抱怨修车很贵，之后詹金斯帮作者修好了车灯。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我把车停在路边时，两个刹车灯都熄灭了。A. pushed forward推进；B. pulled over靠边停车；C. counted down倒计时；D. choked up塞满。根据“I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins.”可知，我被警官詹金斯拦住了，故我应是靠边停车。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为我是被例行交通检查拦下的，就伸手去拿我的驾驶执照和登记证。A. routine常规的，例行的；B. legal合法的；C. criminal罪犯；D. urgent紧急的。根据下文“I reached for my driving license and registration”可知，我去拿我的驾驶执照和登记证，故我认为是例行检查。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至已经为罚款做好了准备。A. quarrel争吵；B. eruption爆发；C. ticket罚单；D. excuse借口。根据下文“He could have easily given me a ticket”可知，警官原本可以给我开罚单，故我为罚款做好了准备。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走近汽车，看到我正在向外拿东西时，他立即说：“别担心拿出任何东西。我只想让你知道你的刹车灯熄灭了。”A. tackled解决；B. suspended暂停；C. inspected检查；D. approached走近。根据上文“I was stopped by Officer Jenkins”可知，我被警官拦住了，警官走近我的车。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他走近汽车，看到我正在向外拿东西时，他立即说：“别担心拿出任何东西。我只想让你知道你的刹车灯熄灭了。”A. immediately立即；B. awfully非常；C. subsequently随后；D. deliberately故意地。根据上文“As he ___4___ the car and saw I was pulling out my stuff”可知，警官看到我往外拿东西，应是立即开口说明原因。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他走近汽车，看到我正在向外拿东西时，他立即说：“别担心拿出任何东西。我只想让你知道你的刹车灯熄灭了。”A. informed见多识广的；B. aware意识到的；知道；C. inferred推测出的；D. sure确定的。根据下文“that your brake lights are out.”可知，警官应只是让我知道我的刹车灯熄灭了。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我立刻很沮丧，因为我上个月刚换了它们。A. thrilled非常兴奋的；B. delighted高兴的；C. upset沮丧的；D. panicky惊慌的。根据下文“because I had just got them replaced last month”可知，我上个月刚换的刹车灯，现在又不亮了，故我感到很沮丧。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向他解释了汽车修理厂修理工想向我收取600美元，只是为了对汽车的线路进行测试。A. charge收费；B. pay支付；C. fine罚款；D. award授予。根据下文“me $600 just to run a test on the wiring of the car”可知，汽车修理工想向我收费600美元来检查线路。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他微笑着看着我，让我打开后备箱。A. style风格；B. flash闪光；C. smile微笑；D. symbol象征。根据下文“and told me to pop the trunk.”可知，警官让我打开后备箱，帮忙修理刹车灯，故他应是面带微笑地看着我。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他轻拍拍这儿，轻拍拍那儿，詹金斯就让刹车灯重新工作起来。A. contracting缩小；B. competing竞争；C. cooperating合作；D. working工作。根据上文“With a simple tap here and a tap there, Jenkins managed to get the brake lights ”及下文“again”可知，詹金斯拍拍这儿，轻拍拍那儿，是让刹车灯重新工作起来。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的善良感动了我。A. generosity慷慨；B. kindness善良；C. guidance指导；D. discovery发现。根据下文“He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of ___12___ role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight.”可知，他本可以很容易地给我一张罚单，但为了确保我是清白的，他走出了警官的角色，进入了机修工的角色，帮我修好了刹车灯，故我被他的善良所感动。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他本可以很容易地给我一张罚单，但为了确保我是清白的，他走出了警官的角色，进入了机修工的角色。A. engineer工程师；B. designer设计师；C. officer警官；D. citizen市民。根据上文“I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins.”可知，詹金斯是一名警官，他没有给我开罚单而是帮我修车，故他走出了警官的角色。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的行为提醒我一个小小的善举所能产生的深远影响。A. fluent流利的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. suitable合适的；D. small小的。根据上文“He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of ___12___ role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight.”可知，警官詹金斯没有给我罚单，而是帮我修车，这是生活中的一个小小的善意的行为。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个号召，以表彰那些付出了额外的努力、做得比人们期望的更多的人。A. extra额外的；B. ideal理想的；C. amazing令人惊奇的；D. hard困难的。结合全文及上文“He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of ___12___ role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight.”可知，警官詹金斯做的超出了他的本职工作，故这里说表彰那些付出额外努力的人。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个号召，以表彰那些付出了额外的努力、做得比人们期望的更多的人。A. convinced使……相信；B. required要求；C. reminded提醒；D. expected期望。根据上文“It’s a call to recognize those who go the ___14___ mile”可知，这里指的是付出更多努力的人，做得比人们期望的更多的人。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A collection of tombs dating from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties period were discovered in Wulong District of Southwest China’s Chongqing. The tomb dating back ____36____ the Western Han Dynasty was the most important among them, and more than 600 precious ____37____ (culture) relics such as lacquerware (漆器), wood ware, bamboo ware, pottery and bronze ware were unearthed from it. Due to ____38____ (fill) with water, the tomb remained undisturbed and unharmed, and the funerary objects were well-preserved.
What is exciting about this ____39____ (discover) is not just the large number of unearthed artifacts but also the list of burial items that indicate a precise record of burial, ____40____ has been verified as 193 BC, ____41____ (provide) clarity on the tomb’s date. A piece of unearthed jade ware shows the important position of the tomb owner. The list of burial items found in the tomb is complete and ____42____ (clear) records the name, quantity and size of the funerary objects.
The tomb ____43____ (contain) the largest quantity of lacquered wood and bamboo ware ever found at one time in the upper ____44____ (reach) of the Yangtze River. Based on publicly available information, it is also the earliest tomb of the Western Han Dynasty found in China with ____45____ clear recorded year.
【答案】36. to 37. cultural
38. being filled
39. discovery
40. which 41. providing
42. clearly
43. contains
44. reaches
45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国西南部重庆市武隆区发现的一批汉代至六朝时期的墓葬。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：其中以西汉墓最为重要，出土漆器、木器、竹器、陶器、青铜器等珍贵文物600余件。date back to“追溯到”为固定短语。故填to。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其中以西汉墓最为重要，出土漆器、木器、竹器、陶器、青铜器等珍贵文物600余件。空处应填形容词cultural“文化的”在句中作定语，修饰名词relics。故填cultural。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：由于充满了水，陵墓没有受到任何干扰和伤害，陪葬品也保存完好。介词to后应接动名词形式作宾语，动词fill与它的逻辑主语the tomb构成逻辑上的被动关系，故空处应用动名词的被动形式。故填being filled。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这次发现的令人兴奋之处不仅在于大量的文物，还在于表明埋葬精确记录的埋葬物品的清单，已经证实这个清单是公元前193年的，从而为墓葬的日期提供了清晰的信息。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作介词about的宾语。故填discovery。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这次发现的令人兴奋之处不仅在于大量的文物，还在于表明埋葬精确记录的埋葬物品的清单，已经证实这个清单是公元前193年的，从而为墓葬的日期提供了清晰的信息。分析句子可知，空处应填关系代词在句中引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词list ，并在从句中做主语，指代物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：这次发现的令人兴奋之处不仅在于大量的文物，还在于表明埋葬精确记录的埋葬物品的清单，已经证实这个清单是公元前193年的，从而为墓葬的日期提供了清晰的信息。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语，provide与前文为主动关系，空处应用现在分词形式做结果状语。故填providing。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：墓中发现的随葬品清单完整，并清楚地记录了随葬品的名称、数量和大小。分析句子可知，空处应填副词修饰动词records。故填clearly。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该墓含有长江上游有史以来发现数量最多的漆器和竹器。句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语The tomb是单数名词，谓语动词用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
【44题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：该墓含有长江上游有史以来发现的数量最多的漆器和竹器。名词reach“河段”为可数名词，表示多个河段，通常用复数形式。故填reaches。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：根据公开资料，它也是中国发现的最早的西汉陵墓，有明确的年份记录。分析句子可知，空处应用不定冠词，泛指“一个”，且clear首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，是校书法社的负责人，你得知你的交换生同学Amy对书法很感兴趣。请你给她发一封电子邮件，邀请她加入书法社，内容包括：
1. 介绍书法社的情况；
2. 发出邀请；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Amy,
How is everything going
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Amy,
How is everything going I am Li Hua, who is in charge of Calligraphy Club in our school. Knowing that you have a passion for Chinese calligraphy, I am writing to invite you to join us in the club.
Calligraphy, as part of traditional Chinese culture, has attracted generations of people both home and abroad. The Calligraphy Club was established to meet the needs of students to learn calligraphy. A distinguished teacher with excellent calligraphy skills in our school is responsible for teaching students calligraphy. I am sure your calligraphy will improve greatly in our club.
I am sincerely waiting for your participation.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Amy写一封信，邀请她加入学校的书法社，并且介绍书法社的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
热情：passion → enthusiasm
成立：establish → found
优秀：excellent → brilliant
改善：improve → enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you have a passion for Chinese calligraphy, I am writing to invite you to join us in the club.
拓展句：Because I know that you have a passion for Chinese calligraphy, I am writing to invite you to join us in the club.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am Li Hua, who is in charge of Calligraphy Club in our school. (运用了who引导的非限定性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Calligraphy, as part of traditional Chinese culture, has attracted generations of people both home and abroad. (运用了as引导的介词短语作为插入语）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As The Jungle Book song Bear Necessities goes, “forget about your worries and your conflict” can be a little bit difficult when you find yourself face to face with a real bear.
Bears are common in the Northern Hemisphere. As human habitats stretch toward the wilderness, more and more animals cross their paths with those of humans. This can lead to dangerous encounters especially when precautions are not in place. In these situations, keeping your distance is still the best advice.
According to the National Park Service, one should also remain calm as bears, more often than not, are not really willing to attack you. Once in a standoff (对峙), avoid making sudden moves or loud noises as these can trigger aggression. 7-year-old Huxley did exactly what he was told when he encountered a massive bear.
It was a Sunny morning. Huxley was wandering on his way home when a big hulking (笨重的) figure emerges from behind him. A hurried glance backward, he knew it was a black bear. The bear approached cautiously at first, probably sizing up the figure in front of him. A second later, perhaps judging that Huxley was no match for it, the bear burst into a full sprint (冲刺) and ran its way toward the boy.
At first, Huxley was really frightened. However, he knew it was impossible to run or fight with the big beast. In the moment of crisis, he remembered his mother reminds him regularly about these possible encounters. She tells him that if Huxley finds himself face to face with a bear and there are no adults around, he should remain calm.
Huxley calmed down at thinking of this. He stared at the bear down without any movement. This might have been the reason why the young bear stopped dead in its tracks. They faced each other motionless, and there was only a foot distance between them.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
From around the corner, a neighbor hurriedly walked to the scene.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The neighbor continued to pressure the bear while the animal tried its best to find an escape route.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 From around the corner, a neighbor hurriedly walked to the scene. Upon seeing the bear, the neighbor stretched his arms wide open and walked carefully but stepped firmly toward the wild animal. The bear, seeing a larger animal, backed away. It turned back and then hid behind a parked vehicle. The neighbor, wanting to make sure that the bear wouldn’t do anything dangerous for them, followed the animal. Then encounter turned into a game of hide-and-seek, which looked a little scary and thrilling.
The neighbor continued to pressure the bear while the animal tried its best to find an escape route. After a short while, when the bear saw a window of opportunity, the animal sprinted away from the scene. Huxley was rescued. Huxley’s mom was thankful that no one got hurt during the short but terrifying encounter. The event could’ve ended really badly if not for the boy’s presence of mind and the neighbor’s courage and quick thinking. In the end, Huxley rid off through the neighborhood, taking with him the lessons he learned in that encounter.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了7岁的小男孩赫胥黎在回家的路上遇到一只黑熊，他保持冷静，一动不动和熊对视，在双方僵持之际，邻居到来，靠近熊，熊后退到一辆车后面，熊找准机会逃脱，小赫胥黎得救。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“从拐角处，一位邻居匆匆走向现场。”可知，第一段可描写邻居到来之后，邻居和熊之间的较量。
②由第二段首句内容“邻居继续向熊施压，而熊则尽力寻找逃跑路线。”可知，第二段可描写熊被邻居吓跑，小男孩得救，妈妈给予邻居感谢。
2.续写线索：和熊相遇——害怕——保持冷静——和熊对峙——邻居赶来——熊逃跑——小男孩获救
3.词汇激活
行为类
①变成：turn into/change into
②冲刺：sprint/dash
③伸展：stretch/spread
情绪类
①令人害怕的：terrifying/frightening
②感激的：thankful/grateful
【点睛】【高分句型1】Then encounter turned into a game of hide-and-seek, which looked a little scary and thrilling.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In the end, Huxley rid off through the neighborhood, taking with him the lessons he learned in that encounter.(运用了现在分词作状语)
