(共58张PPT)
Section A Topic Talk
1.Can you name the events of the Olympic Games according to the following signs？你能根据下面的标志说出这些奥运比赛的名称吗？
Boxing
Swimming
Cycling
Diving
Basketball
Badminton
Baseball
Gymnastics
2．Match the years and the host cities of the following Summer Olympic Games.将下列夏季奥运会的主办城市与年份搭配起来。
3．Talk about interests and hobbies.谈论兴趣和爱好。
(1)How do you spend your leisure time？你如何度过你的空闲时间？
What is your hobby？你的(业余)爱好是什么？
(2) I like to play baseball, tennis and badminton. I became interested in them when...
我喜欢打棒球、网球和羽毛球。当……时，我变得对它们感兴趣。
I like doing aerobics in my spare time.I like...because...
我喜欢在我的空闲时间做有氧(健身)运动。我喜欢……因为……
I like almost all kinds of sports.我喜欢几乎所有种类的运动。
(3)My hobbies are hiking, fishing and mountain climbing. In the future I hope to...
我的爱好是远足、钓鱼和爬山。在将来，我希望……
I enjoy outdoor sports. I became interested in them when...
我喜欢户外运动。当……时，我变得对它们感兴趣。
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. 慢跑 n. 慢跑
2．____________ n. 运动员
3．____________ n. 羽毛球
4．____________ n. 高尔夫
5．____________ n. 保龄球
6．____________ n. 跑道
7．____________ n. 日常饮食
8．____________ n. (网球等的)球网；网
9．____________ n. (网球等的)球场
10．____________ n. 楼梯；梯级
jog
athlete
badminton
golf
bowling
track
diet
net
court
stair
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj. 频繁的；经常发生的→________ adv. 频繁地；经常地
2．prefer vt.更喜欢→________ n. 偏爱；爱好；喜爱；偏爱的事物；更喜爱的东西
3．cycle vi. 骑自行车 n. 循环；周期→________ n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________n. 自行车
4．balance n. 平衡 v. 使(在某物上)保持平衡→________ adj. 均衡的
frequency
frequently
preference
cyclist
bicycle
balanced
5．regular adj. 规则的；定期的→________ adv. 经常；定期地
6．skate＋board →________n. 滑板 vi. 用滑板滑行
7．athlete n. 运动员→________ adj. 运动的→________ n. 运动；竞技；田径运动
8．gymnastics n. 体操；体育→________ adj. 体操的，体育的→________ n．体育馆→________ n. 体操选手；体操教员
regularly
skateboard
athletic
athletics
gymnastic
gymnasium
gymnast
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下面短语的汉意
1．eat fruit and vegetables/healthy food ________________
2．play sports ________________
3．cycle/walk to school ________________
4．walk up the stairs ________________
5．a lot of fun ________________
6．ways to keep fit ________________
7．prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. ________________
8．play basketball/football/badminton/golf ________________
9．do exercise/gymnastics ________________
10．go walking/jogging/cycling/bowling/skateboarding __________
吃水果和蔬菜/健康的食物
进行体育运动
骑自行车/步行去学校
爬楼梯
很有趣
保持健康的方法
更喜欢做某事而不是做某事
打篮球/踢足球/打羽毛球/打高尔夫球
做运动/体操
去散步/慢跑/骑自行车/打保龄球/玩滑板
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．_______________________ 去体育馆/跑道
2．_______________________ 与朋友们一起做体育运动
3．________________________________
独自锻炼/有竞争性地锻炼/为了消遣而锻炼
4．_______________________ 健康状况非常好/不佳
5．_______________________ 吃健康、均衡的饮食
6．_______________________ 在每个队伍中
7．_______________________ 学习游戏规则
8．_______________________ 为弱者加油
go to the gym/the running track
play sports with friends
exercise by oneself/competitively/for fun
in pretty good/bad shape
have a healthy and balanced diet
on each team
learn the rules of the game
root for the underdog
She will make a very good athlete.
她会成为一名很好的运动员。
I was no athlete.
我完全不是擅长运动的人。
He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
他后来告诉我，我“不擅长运动”。
It is wise to warm up before an athletic event.
体育赛事之前做热身运动是明智的。
Athletic sports are good for the health.
体育运动有益健康。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can someone know what sport needs the highest degree of fitness from its ________ (athlete)
②John is ________ athletic boy and he is good at running.
③He wanted his sons to become strong and ________(athlete) like himself.
完成句子
④You have such ______________(健壮的体格)—you must work out regularly.
athletes
an
athletic
an athletic build
2)frequency n. 发生的频率，发生率；频率(→frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地))
(教材原句)Frequency never, seldom, sometimes...
频率 从不，很少，有时……
(1)a high/low frequency 高频/低频
the radio frequency 无线电频率
(2)a frequent bus/visitor 班车/熟客
more and more frequent 越来越频繁
The frequency of his visits annoyed her.
她对于他的频繁来访感到厌烦。
Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing frequency.那条公路上事故发生得越来越频繁。
Messages with emojis feel more conversational, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈，鼓励更好、更频繁的交流。
There is a frequent bus service into the centre of town.
公共汽车有很多班次开往城镇中心。
Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.
公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Traffic accidents have decreased in ________ (frequent) over recent years.
②She gives ________ (frequency) speeches of her work, both at home and abroad.
③We ________ (frequent) have lunch at this restaurant.
④This radio station broadcasts on four different __________ (frequency).
完成句子
⑤In recent years, the warm weather becomes ____________________
(越来越频繁).
frequency
frequent
frequently
frequencies
more and more frequent
3)jog vi. & n. 慢跑(→jogging n. 慢跑 jogger n. 慢跑者))
(教材原句)go walking/jogging/cycling/bowling/skateboarding
去散步/慢跑/骑自行车/打保龄球/玩滑板
go jogging 慢跑；去慢跑
jog along 缓慢而平稳地进行
go for a jog 去慢跑
go for a jog after work 下班后慢跑锻炼
jog around 在周围慢跑
She jogs round the park for half an hour every morning.
她每天早上绕公园慢跑半小时。
He goes jogging every night.
他每晚都慢跑。
I go for a jog in the park every morning.
每天早晨我在公园里慢跑。
Tom is a regular jogger and cyclist.
汤姆经常慢跑和骑自行车。
[语境助记]
It isn't the walking and jogging that got his weight down.
不是散步和慢跑使他体重下降了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many old people go ________(jog) in the park in the early morning.
②This ________ (jog) looks like she's going to run right out of the picture.
③If you're feeling stressed, why not go for ________ jog？
jogging
jogger
a
It's easier to cycle with the wind behind you.
顺风骑自行车更容易。
The water is cycled through the machine and reused.
水通过机器循环后重复使用。
The seasons of the year make a cycle.
一年四季构成一个循环。
There are thousands of cycle paths in the Netherlands.
荷兰有数千条自行车道。
Our school is about ten minutes by cycle.
去我们学校骑车大约十分钟。
We went for a cycle ride on Sunday.
我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。
The car narrowly missed a cyclist.
这辆小汽车差点儿撞上一个骑自行车的人。
The quiet country roads are ideal for cycling.
安静的乡村道路很适合骑自行车。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I go to school ________ cycle every day.
②When the children are walking or ________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
③And as the morning begins moving toward noon, look out for more ________ (cycle) and pedestrians.
写出句中cycle的词性及含义
④My cycle is broken, so I shall have to walk.________
⑤At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.________
⑥There are a number of small, quiet roads to cycle along.________
by
cycling
cyclists
名词，自行车
名词，循环周期
动词，骑自行车
5)balanced adj. 均衡的 balance n. 平衡；天平 v．(使)平衡；权衡 imbalance n. 不平衡，失衡)
(教材原句)a healthy and balanced diet 健康、均衡的饮食
(1)a balanced diet 均衡饮食
be well balanced 很均衡
(2)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
out of balance 失衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
live in balance 生活在和谐环境中
on balance 总的来说
in the balance 悬而未决
balance A against B 权衡A与B的重要性
A balanced diet can provide enough nutrition for your body.
均衡饮食能够给身体提供足够的营养。
A well balanced diet can improve your state of mind.
很均衡的饮食可以改善你的精神状态。
It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.
在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。
Try to keep a balance between work and rest.
尽量在工作与休息之间保持平衡。
Athletes need a sense of balance.
运动员要有平衡感。
On balance, Timothy's suggestion is more acceptable.
总的说来，蒂莫西的建议更可取。
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
The illness is triggered by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
该病是由大脑里一种化学失衡引发的。
[一言助记]
We should try our best to balance the environment with development. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses its balance, it will bring us many disasters.
我们应该尽我们最大的努力来平衡环境与发展。有时，过度开发会破坏生态平衡。一旦大自然失去平衡，那就会给我们带来很多灾难。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages.
②Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a ________ (balance) diet.
③________ balance, the company has had a successful year.
④Medical experts say this disorder is caused by a(n) ________ (balance) in brain chemicals.
⑤We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (减缓) our actions if we hope to live ________ balance.
against
balanced
On
imbalance
in
写出句中balance的词性及含义
⑥He balanced the attractions of a high salary against the prospect of working long hours.________
⑦He lost his balance and fell to the ground.________
完成句子
⑧The girl ______________ (失去了平衡) and fell off the balance beam.
⑨The long term future of the space programme hangs ____________(尚未明朗).
动词，权衡
名词，平衡
lost her balance
in the balance
6)prefer vt. 更喜欢 preference n. 偏爱；偏爱)
prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 喜欢(做)A胜过(做)B
prefer to do...rather than do...(＝would do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do...)
宁愿做……而不愿做……
have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物
in preference to 而不是
I prefer to apply for the college in my city.
我更喜欢申请那所位于我市的大学。
I prefer him to do it in a different way.
我宁愿他用一种不同的方法去做那件事。
The old man preferred living alone to going abroad with his son.
这位老人宁愿独居也不愿和他的儿子去国外。
I prefer to surf the Internet rather than go to the gym every day.
我宁愿上网冲浪也不愿每天去健身房。
[注意] prefer本身有“更喜欢；较喜欢”的含义，所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I prefer ________ (stay) at home rather than ________ (go) out on such a rainy day.
一句多译
如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网冲浪，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
②Nowadays many children prefer ______________________________ exercise outdoors.
③Nowadays many children prefer ______________________________ exercise outdoors.
to stay
go
surfing the Internet at home to taking/doing
to surf the Internet at home rather than take/do
7)diet n．[C，U]日常饮食；日常食物；[C]规定饮食 vi.节食)
a balanced diet 平衡的膳食
be on a diet 节食(表状态)
go on a diet 节食，减肥(表动作)
keep a healthy/balanced diet 保持健康的/均衡的饮食
She attributes her great age to carefully planned diet.
她将她的长寿归因于精心安排的饮食。
He had an unhealthy diet and he did no exercise.
他饮食不健康并且也不锻炼。
You must go on a diet because you are too fat.
你必须要节食了，因为你太胖了。
We must diet and take more exercise.
我们必须节食并多锻炼。
No dessert for me，thanks; I'm dieting.
请别给我甜食，谢谢，我正在节食。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①保持健康的饮食对你的身体非常重要。
____________________ is very important to your body.
②请不要在我的咖啡里放糖，我正在节食。
Please don't put sugar in my coffee.____________________．
Keeping a healthy diet
I'm dieting/ I'm on a diet
8)within prep. 在……之内；不出(表距离) prep. 不超过(表时间) prep. 在……里面；在……内部(表位置) prep. 在……范围/限度内(表范围))
(教材原句)The receiving team must not let the ball fall within their court. 接球的一队不可以让球落入他们的场地(内)。
within reach 在够得着的地方
within sight (of...) 可以看见(……)；在(……)视线内
within one's power (某人)力所能及
within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制
Mr Smith lives within ten miles of us.
史密斯先生住在离我们不到10英里远的地方。
They finished building the house within half a year.
他们在半年内盖好了这座房子。
There are two long rivers within the continent.
该大陆有两条长河。
It is within our power to reward him for that.
我们有权为那件事奖励他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Three of the town's factories have closed down ________ a year.
完成句子
②在厨房里把常用的东西放在手边可以节省时间。
It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot ___________．
within
within reach
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳；处于很好/不良的状态)
stay/keep in shape 保持健康
out of shape 变形，走样；健康状况不好
in the shape of 呈……的形状，以……的形式
get into shape 让身体强健起来
in shape 健康状况良好
His finances were in bad shape.
他的经济情况很不好。
Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push ups too to stay in shape.
汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。
He's taking exercise to get into shape.
他正锻炼以强身健体。
I've been working out at the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前身体有点儿不好。
My son wanted a cake in the shape of a fire truck.
我的儿子想要一个消防车形状的蛋糕。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's ________ good shape for a man of his age.
②Regular exercise helps the film star get ________ shape and keep a slim figure.
③The knives were bent ________ of shape.
④There was a red mark on his back in ________ shape of the letter S．
⑤Athletes must stay ________ shape.
完成句子
⑥The ancient silk painting is still ____________(完好无损).
in
into
out
the
in
in good shape
2)rather than 而不是；与其；不愿)
(1)连接两个名词
(2)连接两个形容词
(3)连接两个动词
(4)连接两个动名词
(5)连接两个动词不定式
I'd like to buy a laptop rather than a digital camera.
我想买一台笔记本电脑而不是数码相机。
I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我宁愿说她的头发是栗色的而不是棕色的。
He'd chat online rather than make a phone call.
他愿意在网上聊天而不愿打电话。
What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working.我们期望你努力工作，而不是几乎不干活。
I decided to lose weight rather than (to) put on weight.
我决定减肥而不是增重。
I prefer to go shopping rather than spend the weekend in my apartment. 我宁愿去购物，也不愿待在我的公寓里度过这个周末。
[注意]
(1)rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
The father rather than the brothers is responsible.
应负责的是父亲，而不是兄弟(们)。
(2)rather than连接两个动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式符号to 可以省略，但是rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的动词不定式。
Rather than ask for help, he decided to solve it by himself.
＝He decided to solve it by himself rather than (to) ask for help.
他决定自己解决这件事，而不寻求帮助。
[拓展]
与rather than相关的结构
would do...rather than do...
＝would rather do...than do...
宁愿做……也不愿做……
prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……也不愿做……
She would die rather than give up．
她宁愿死也不愿屈服。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He would rather ________ (starve) than ________ (beg) on the street.
②My driving license，rather than my credit cards ________ (be) lost.
③John always devotes his time to helping children with their studies rather than ________ (play) computer games.
starve
beg
is/was
playing
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
)句型not only...but also...)
(教材原句)One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.
人的健全，不但靠饮食而且靠运动。
句式分析 not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，相当于not just/merely...but also...，连接并列的单词、短语或句子时，also可以省略。
I'm sure that anyone who comes to our summer camp can not only reach his/her goals, but also gain confidence in dealing with challenges.我相信任何一个来(参加)我们夏令营的人不但能实现他或她的目标，而且可以在应对挑战中获得自信。
[拓展]
(1)not only...but also...可以连接两个并列的成分(如主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语)，也可以连接两个句子，强调的是后者。also有时可以省略。
In other words, our organisation not only volunteers in helping people suffering from poor health, but also helps them behave better.
换句话说，我们的组织不光志愿帮助那些健康状况不好的人们，而且帮助他们表现得更好。
(2)当连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与but(also)后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。即遵循“就近一致”原则。
Not only the teacher but also the students were satisfied with the quality of the course.
不但这位老师对该课程的品质感到满意，而且学生们也对该课程的品质感到满意。
(3)not only放在句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装，but also后的句子一般不用倒装。
I'm determined to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people's lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to recover from their injuries with their professional knowledge.
我决心做一名医生。医生不仅能挽救人们的生命，而且医生从事着一份受人尊敬的工作。医生还可以用他们的专业知识帮助人们从他们的伤痛中恢复。
[语境助记]
Please actively take part in after class activities, which will not only make your school life colourful and meaningful, but also improve your learning.
请积极参加课外活动，这将不仅使你的校园生活丰富多彩并富有意义，而且还可以促进你的学习。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我不但能够提高我的口语，而且可以学习西方国家的一些习俗。
Not only ________ learn some customs in Western countries.
can I improve my oral/spoken English but also I can
②太阳不仅给我们提供光，它还给我们提供热。
Not only does the sun give us light, ____________________．
but also it gives us heat
用not only...but also...把a、b句合并成一个复合句
③a)As is known to us, Guangzhou is an advanced city.
b)It is famous for its beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
As is known to us, Guangzhou ____________________________ its beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
is not only an advanced city, but (it is) also famous for
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If you don't receive a response ________(在……之内)seven days, phone again.
2．Does he ________(更喜欢)a particular sort of music
3．It is not easy for him to run against other ________(运动员).After all, he is suffering great pain these days.
within
prefer
athletes
Ⅱ.短语填空
rather than, a balanced diet, in good shape, within minutes, go jogging
1．If you regularly ____________ or cycling, try to change your route and time.
2．____________ is important, and it is also a positive lifestyle.
3．Tom has recovered from his injury, and now he is ____________．
4．To their relief, the police arrived at the spot ____________.
5．I prefer to cycle ____________ stay at home at the weekend.
go jogging
A balanced diet
in good shape
within minutes
rather than
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．You are already nothing but skin and bone. You don't need to ________________(节食).
2．His car crashed into a big tree, which made it ____________(变形).
3．She prefers to walk to school ___________(而不是) cycle to school.
4．She cycled around the corner, ________________(失去平衡) and fell off.
5．Mike likes reading books while I ____________(更喜欢打) bowling in our spare time.
go/be on a diet
out of shape
rather than
lost her balance
prefer playingSection A Topic Talk
1.Can you name the events of the Olympic Games according to the following signs？你能根据下面的标志说出这些奥运比赛的名称吗？
2．Match the years and the host cities of the following Summer Olympic Games.将下列夏季奥运会的主办城市与年份搭配起来。
3．Talk about interests and hobbies.谈论兴趣和爱好。
(1)How do you spend your leisure time？你如何度过你的空闲时间？
What is your hobby？你的(业余)爱好是什么？
(2) I like to play baseball, tennis and badminton. I became interested in them when...
我喜欢打棒球、网球和羽毛球。当……时，我变得对它们感兴趣。
I like doing aerobics in my spare time.I like...because...
我喜欢在我的空闲时间做有氧(健身)运动。我喜欢……因为……
I like almost all kinds of sports.我喜欢几乎所有种类的运动。
(3)My hobbies are hiking, fishing and mountain climbing. In the future I hope to...
我的爱好是远足、钓鱼和爬山。在将来，我希望……
I enjoy outdoor sports. I became interested in them when...
我喜欢户外运动。当……时，我变得对它们感兴趣。
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. 慢跑 n. 慢跑
2．____________ n. 运动员
3．____________ n. 羽毛球
4．____________ n. 高尔夫
5．____________ n. 保龄球
6．____________ n. 跑道
7．____________ n. 日常饮食
8．____________ n. (网球等的)球网；网
9．____________ n. (网球等的)球场
10．____________ n. 楼梯；梯级
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．发生的频率，发生率→frequent adj. 频繁的；经常发生的→________ adv. 频繁地；经常地
2．prefer vt.更喜欢→________ n. 偏爱；爱好；喜爱；偏爱的事物；更喜爱的东西
3．cycle vi. 骑自行车 n. 循环；周期→________ n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________n. 自行车
4．balance n. 平衡 v. 使(在某物上)保持平衡→________ adj. 均衡的
5．regular adj. 规则的；定期的→________ adv. 经常；定期地
6．skate＋board →________n. 滑板 vi. 用滑板滑行
7．athlete n. 运动员→________ adj. 运动的→________ n. 运动；竞技；田径运动
8．gymnastics n. 体操；体育→________ adj. 体操的，体育的→________ n．体育馆→________ n. 体操选手；体操教员
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下面短语的汉意
1．eat fruit and vegetables/healthy food ________________
2．play sports ________________
3．cycle/walk to school ________________
4．walk up the stairs ________________
5．a lot of fun ________________
6．ways to keep fit ________________
7．prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. ________________
8．play basketball/football/badminton/golf ________________
9．do exercise/gymnastics ________________
10．go walking/jogging/cycling/bowling/skateboarding ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 去体育馆/跑道
2．________________ 与朋友们一起做体育运动
3．________________ 独自锻炼/有竞争性地锻炼/为了消遣而锻炼
4．________________ 健康状况非常好/不佳
5．________________ 吃健康、均衡的饮食
6．________________ 在每个队伍中
7．________________ 学习游戏规则
8．________________ 为弱者加油
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)athlete n. 运动员；擅长运动的人(→athletic adj. 体育运动的；健壮的))
(教材原句)Name the sports and athletes you know.
说出你知道的体育运动和运动员的名字。
(1)make a good athlete 成为一名优秀运动员
(2)an athletic
athletic sports 体育运动
the athletic ability 运动能力
She will make a very good athlete.她会成为一名很好的运动员。
I was no athlete.我完全不是擅长运动的人。
He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
他后来告诉我，我“不擅长运动”。
It is wise to warm up before an athletic event.
体育赛事之前做热身运动是明智的。
Athletic sports are good for the health. 体育运动有益健康。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can someone know what sport needs the highest degree of fitness from its ________ (athlete)
②John is ________ athletic boy and he is good at running.
③He wanted his sons to become strong and ________(athlete) like himself.
完成句子
④You have such ______________(健壮的体格)—you must work out regularly.
2)frequency n. 发生的频率，发生率；频率(→frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地))
(教材原句)Frequency never, seldom, sometimes...
频率 从不，很少，有时……
(1)a high/low frequency 高频/低频
the radio frequency 无线电频率
(2)a frequent bus/visitor 班车/熟客
more and more frequent 越来越频繁
The frequency of his visits annoyed her.
她对于他的频繁来访感到厌烦。
Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing frequency.那条公路上事故发生得越来越频繁。
Messages with emojis feel more conversational, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈，鼓励更好、更频繁的交流。
There is a frequent bus service into the centre of town.
公共汽车有很多班次开往城镇中心。
Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.
公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Traffic accidents have decreased in ________ (frequent) over recent years.
②She gives ________ (frequency) speeches of her work, both at home and abroad.
③We ________ (frequent) have lunch at this restaurant.
④This radio station broadcasts on four different ________ (frequency).
完成句子
⑤In recent years, the warm weather becomes ________(越来越频繁).
3)jog vi. & n. 慢跑(→jogging n. 慢跑 jogger n. 慢跑者))
(教材原句)go walking/jogging/cycling/bowling/skateboarding
去散步/慢跑/骑自行车/打保龄球/玩滑板
go jogging 慢跑；去慢跑
jog along 缓慢而平稳地进行
go for a jog 去慢跑
go for a jog after work 下班后慢跑锻炼
jog around 在周围慢跑
She jogs round the park for half an hour every morning.
她每天早上绕公园慢跑半小时。
He goes jogging every night.他每晚都慢跑。
I go for a jog in the park every morning.
每天早晨我在公园里慢跑。
Tom is a regular jogger and cyclist. 汤姆经常慢跑和骑自行车。
[语境助记]
It isn't the walking and jogging that got his weight down.不是散步和慢跑使他体重下降了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many old people go ________(jog) in the park in the early morning.
②This ________ (jog) looks like she's going to run right out of the picture.
③If you're feeling stressed, why not go for ________ jog？
4)cycle vi. 骑自行车 vi. & vt. (使)循环 n. 循环(周期)；自行车；摩托车(→cyclist n. 骑自行车者 cycling n. 骑自行车))
(1)
(2)
It's easier to cycle with the wind behind you.
顺风骑自行车更容易。
The water is cycled through the machine and reused.
水通过机器循环后重复使用。
The seasons of the year make a cycle.一年四季构成一个循环。
There are thousands of cycle paths in the Netherlands.荷兰有数千条自行车道。
Our school is about ten minutes by cycle.去我们学校骑车大约十分钟。
We went for a cycle ride on Sunday.我们星期天骑自行车去兜风了。
The car narrowly missed a cyclist.
这辆小汽车差点儿撞上一个骑自行车的人。
The quiet country roads are ideal for cycling.
安静的乡村道路很适合骑自行车。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I go to school ________ cycle every day.
②When the children are walking or ________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
③And as the morning begins moving toward noon, look out for more ________ (cycle) and pedestrians.
写出句中cycle的词性及含义
④My cycle is broken, so I shall have to walk.________
⑤At 9：30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.________
⑥There are a number of small, quiet roads to cycle along.________
5)balanced adj. 均衡的 balance n. 平衡；天平 v．(使)平衡；权衡 imbalance n. 不平衡，失衡)
(教材原句)a healthy and balanced diet 健康、均衡的饮食
(1)a balanced diet 均衡饮食
be well balanced 很均衡
(2)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
out of balance 失衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
a sense of balance 平衡感
live in balance 生活在和谐环境中
on balance 总的来说
in the balance 悬而未决
balance A against B 权衡A与B的重要性
A balanced diet can provide enough nutrition for your body.
均衡饮食能够给身体提供足够的营养。
A well balanced diet can improve your state of mind.
很均衡的饮食可以改善你的精神状态。
It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.
在结冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。
Try to keep a balance between work and rest.
尽量在工作与休息之间保持平衡。
Athletes need a sense of balance.运动员要有平衡感。
On balance, Timothy's suggestion is more acceptable.
总的说来，蒂莫西的建议更可取。
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。
The illness is triggered by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
该病是由大脑里一种化学失衡引发的。
[一言助记] We should try our best to balance the environment with development. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break the balance of ecology. Once nature loses its balance, it will bring us many disasters.我们应该尽我们最大的努力来平衡环境与发展。有时，过度开发会破坏生态平衡。一旦大自然失去平衡，那就会给我们带来很多灾难。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages.
②Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a ________ (balance) diet.
③________ balance, the company has had a successful year.
④Medical experts say this disorder is caused by a(n) ________ (balance) in brain chemicals.
⑤We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (减缓) our actions if we hope to live ________ balance.
写出句中balance的词性及含义
⑥He balanced the attractions of a high salary against the prospect of working long hours.________
⑦He lost his balance and fell to the ground.________
完成句子
⑧The girl ______________ (失去了平衡) and fell off the balance beam.
⑨The long term future of the space programme hangs ________(尚未明朗).
6)prefer vt. 更喜欢 preference n. 偏爱；偏爱)
prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 喜欢(做)A胜过(做)B
prefer to do...rather than do...(＝would do...rather than do...＝would rather do...than do...)
宁愿做……而不愿做……
have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物
in preference to 而不是
I prefer to apply for the college in my city.
我更喜欢申请那所位于我市的大学。
I prefer him to do it in a different way.
我宁愿他用一种不同的方法去做那件事。
The old man preferred living alone to going abroad with his son.
这位老人宁愿独居也不愿和他的儿子去国外。
I prefer to surf the Internet rather than go to the gym every day.
我宁愿上网冲浪也不愿每天去健身房。
[注意] prefer本身有“更喜欢；较喜欢”的含义，所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I prefer ________ (stay) at home rather than ________ (go) out on such a rainy day.
一句多译
如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网冲浪，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。
②Nowadays many children prefer ____________________ exercise outdoors.
③Nowadays many children prefer ____________________ exercise outdoors.
7)diet n．[C，U]日常饮食；日常食物；[C]规定饮食 vi.节食)
a balanced diet 平衡的膳食
be on a diet 节食(表状态)
go on a diet 节食，减肥(表动作)
keep a healthy/balanced diet 保持健康的/均衡的饮食
She attributes her great age to carefully planned diet.
她将她的长寿归因于精心安排的饮食。
He had an unhealthy diet and he did no exercise.
他饮食不健康并且也不锻炼。
You must go on a diet because you are too fat.
你必须要节食了，因为你太胖了。
We must diet and take more exercise.我们必须节食并多锻炼。
No dessert for me，thanks; I'm dieting.
请别给我甜食，谢谢，我正在节食。,[即学即练] 完成句子
①保持健康的饮食对你的身体非常重要。
____________________ is very important to your body.
②请不要在我的咖啡里放糖，我正在节食。
Please don't put sugar in my coffee.________________．
8)within prep. 在……之内；不出(表距离) prep. 不超过(表时间) prep. 在……里面；在……内部(表位置) prep. 在……范围/限度内(表范围))
(教材原句)The receiving team must not let the ball fall within their court. 接球的一队不可以让球落入他们的场地(内)。
within reach 在够得着的地方
within sight (of...) 可以看见(……)；在(……)视线内
within one's power (某人)力所能及
within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制
Mr Smith lives within ten miles of us.
史密斯先生住在离我们不到10英里远的地方。
They finished building the house within half a year.
他们在半年内盖好了这座房子。
There are two long rivers within the continent.
该大陆有两条长河。
It is within our power to reward him for that.
我们有权为那件事奖励他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Three of the town's factories have closed down ________ a year.
完成句子
②在厨房里把常用的东西放在手边可以节省时间。
It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot ____________________．
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳；处于很好/不良的状态)
stay/keep in shape 保持健康
out of shape 变形，走样；健康状况不好
in the shape of 呈……的形状，以……的形式
get into shape 让身体强健起来
in shape 健康状况良好
His finances were in bad shape.他的经济情况很不好。
Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push ups too to stay in shape.
汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。
He's taking exercise to get into shape.他正锻炼以强身健体。
I've been working out at the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前身体有点儿不好。
My son wanted a cake in the shape of a fire truck.
我的儿子想要一个消防车形状的蛋糕。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He's ________ good shape for a man of his age.
②Regular exercise helps the film star get ________ shape and keep a slim figure.
③The knives were bent ________ of shape.
④There was a red mark on his back in ________ shape of the letter S．
⑤Athletes must stay ________ shape.
完成句子
⑥The ancient silk painting is still ____________(完好无损).
2)rather than 而不是；与其；不愿)
(1)连接两个名词
(2)连接两个形容词
(3)连接两个动词
(4)连接两个动名词
(5)连接两个动词不定式
I'd like to buy a laptop rather than a digital camera.
我想买一台笔记本电脑而不是数码相机。
I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我宁愿说她的头发是栗色的而不是棕色的。
He'd chat online rather than make a phone call.
他愿意在网上聊天而不愿打电话。
What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working.我们期望你努力工作，而不是几乎不干活。
I decided to lose weight rather than (to) put on weight.
我决定减肥而不是增重。
I prefer to go shopping rather than spend the weekend in my apartment. 我宁愿去购物，也不愿待在我的公寓里度过这个周末。
[注意]
(1)rather than连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
The father rather than the brothers is responsible.
应负责的是父亲，而不是兄弟(们)。
(2)rather than连接两个动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式符号to 可以省略，但是rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的动词不定式。
Rather than ask for help, he decided to solve it by himself.
＝He decided to solve it by himself rather than (to) ask for help.
他决定自己解决这件事，而不寻求帮助。
[拓展]
与rather than相关的结构
would do...rather than do...
＝would rather do...than do...
宁愿做……也不愿做……
prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……也不愿做……
She would die rather than give up．
她宁愿死也不愿屈服。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He would rather ________ (starve) than ________ (beg) on the street.
②My driving license，rather than my credit cards ________ (be) lost.
③John always devotes his time to helping children with their studies rather than ________ (play) computer games.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
)句型not only...but also...)
(教材原句)One's health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise.
人的健全，不但靠饮食而且靠运动。
句式分析 not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，相当于not just/merely...but also...，连接并列的单词、短语或句子时，also可以省略。
I'm sure that anyone who comes to our summer camp can not only reach his/her goals, but also gain confidence in dealing with challenges.我相信任何一个来(参加)我们夏令营的人不但能实现他或她的目标，而且可以在应对挑战中获得自信。
[拓展]
(1)not only...but also...可以连接两个并列的成分(如主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语)，也可以连接两个句子，强调的是后者。also有时可以省略。
In other words, our organisation not only volunteers in helping people suffering from poor health, but also helps them behave better.换句话说，我们的组织不光志愿帮助那些健康状况不好的人们，而且帮助他们表现得更好。
(2)当连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与but(also)后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。即遵循“就近一致”原则。
Not only the teacher but also the students were satisfied with the quality of the course.不但这位老师对该课程的品质感到满意，而且学生们也对该课程的品质感到满意。
(3)not only放在句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装，but also后的句子一般不用倒装。
I'm determined to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people's lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to recover from their injuries with their professional knowledge. 我决心做一名医生。医生不仅能挽救人们的生命，而且医生从事着一份受人尊敬的工作。医生还可以用他们的专业知识帮助人们从他们的伤痛中恢复。
[语境助记]
Please actively take part in after class activities, which will not only make your school life colourful and meaningful, but also improve your learning. 请积极参加课外活动，这将不仅使你的校园生活丰富多彩并富有意义，而且还可以促进你的学习。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我不但能够提高我的口语，而且可以学习西方国家的一些习俗。
Not only ________ learn some customs in Western countries.
②太阳不仅给我们提供光，它还给我们提供热。
Not only does the sun give us light, ____________________．
用not only...but also...把a、b句合并成一个复合句
③a)As is known to us, Guangzhou is an advanced city.
b)It is famous for its beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
As is known to us, Guangzhou ____________________________ its beautiful scenery and pleasant climate.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If you don't receive a response ________(在……之内)seven days, phone again.
2．Does he ________(更喜欢)a particular sort of music
3．It is not easy for him to run against other ________(运动员).After all, he is suffering great pain these days.
Ⅱ.短语填空
rather than, a balanced diet, in good shape, within minutes, go jogging
1．If you regularly ____________ or cycling, try to change your route and time.
2．____________ is important, and it is also a positive lifestyle.
3．Tom has recovered from his injury, and now he is ____________．
4．To their relief, the police arrived at the spot ____________.
5．I prefer to cycle ____________ stay at home at the weekend.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．You are already nothing but skin and bone. You don't need to ________________(节食).
2．His car crashed into a big tree, which made it ________________(变形).
3．She prefers to walk to school ________________(而不是) cycle to school.
4．She cycled around the corner, ________________(失去平衡) and fell off.
5．Mike likes reading books while I ______________(更喜欢打) bowling in our spare time.(共128张PPT)
Section B Lesson 1 The Underdog
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ vi.& vt. 猛撞
2．________________ n. 渴望
3．________________ n. 冠军；第一名
4．________________ n. (非正式)男人，家伙；小伙子
5．________________ n. 投球，击球；机会
6．________________ n. 替补队员席
7．________________ vt. (在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
8．________________ n. 公司；一群人
9．________________ vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
10．________________ adj. 额外的，另外的
crash
desire
champion
guy
shot
bench
defeat
company
clap
extra
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．underdog n．处于劣势的人(队)；弱方→____________ n．大学在校生；大学本科生→____________vi. & vt. (对……)估计不足，低估→________ vt. 在……下画线；强调，使突出
2．inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励→___________ n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→___________ adj. 令人鼓舞的
3．replace vt.代替，取代→___________ n. 替换的人(物)
4．gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合→________ n. 集合，集会→________ n. 采集者
5．pack n. 绷带，敷布；包，包裹 vi. & vt. 把……包起来→________ n．包裹；小包，包装盒；一套→________ n. (小的)包；捆
undergraduate
underestimate
underline
inspiration
inspiring
replacement
gathering
gatherer
package
packet
6．sharp adj. 锋利的；尖锐的→________ adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地→________ vt. (使)变锋利
7．energy n. 力量，活力→________ adj. 精力充沛的，有活力的→___________ adv. 精力充沛地；充满活力地
8．crowd n．人群 vt.挤满，群集→________ adj. 拥挤的
9．earn vt. 赢得；博得→________ n. 挣工薪者→________ n. 所得，收入(用作复数)
10．shoot vt. 射中，射击；开(枪)，射(箭) vi. 射击，射箭→________ n. (复)(植物的)芽，苗，嫩枝
sharply
sharpen
energetic
energetically
crowded
earner
earnings
shoots
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下面短语的汉意
1．hit sb. on the shoulder ________________
2．earn one's place ________________
3．on the team ________________
4．gather around ________________
5．the last quarter ________________
6．reply sharply ________________
7．do jump shots on one's own ________________
8．try out for sth. ________________
9．make the team ________________
10．be on the bench ________________
拍打/击中某人的肩膀
赢得一席之地
在队中
聚集
最后一节
斩钉截铁地回答
自己练习跳投
参加……选拔
入选团队
坐冷板凳，在替补席
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
2．________________ 冲上球场
3．________________ 取得成功；奏效
4．________________ 跟上，保持同步
5．___________________________ 不停地鼓掌欢呼
6．________________ 当替补队员
7．________________ 对……严厉的/强硬的/无情的
8．_______________________ 强烈渴望做某事
9．_______________________ 与主要对手比赛
10．________________ 猛撞，猛击
let sb. down
rush onto the court
pay off
keep up with
couldn't stop clapping and cheering
be a replacement
be tough on sb.
have a strong desire to do sth.
play the main competitors
crash into
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
Part 1
1．We can know about Paul the following except that ________．
A.he practised hard and had real skills
B.he was the shortest player ever in the NBA
C.he was as tall as his favourite player Tyrone Bogues
D.he was usually a replacement on their school basketball team
B
2．What was the main reason why Paul didn't get a chance to make the team
A.His coach was not confident about his height.
B.He didn't have the skills to play for the team.
C.He didn't have a desire to play for the team.
D.He didn't practise as hard as his teammates.
A
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Paul would get the chance to prove himself.
B.Paul would still be on the bench watching the game.
C.It would be easy for The Lions to defeat The Bears.
D.The Bears had never lost a single game.
A
4．What was the attitude of Paul's teammates to him
A．Doubtful.
B．Confident.
C．Indifferent.
D．Disapproving.
B
Part 2
1．What can we know from the passage
A.The coach agreed to let Paul play at first.
B.The writer fell down suddenly and his knee hurt badly.
C.It was Paul who made a great contribution to their winning.
D.The coach didn't let the writer play as soon as he was hurt.
C
2．How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A.It was unexpected.
B.It was just so so.
C.It was discouraging.
D.It was within his expectation.
A
3．Why did the coach call Paul “big guy” at the end of the passage
A.Because Paul was strong and tall.
B.Because Paul's performance was greater than he expected.
C.Because their team won the competition.
D.Because he was always confident about Paul's performance.
B
4．What would probably happen to Paul after the competition
A.He would still be on the bench watching the game.
B.He would sometimes play for his team if someone was hurt.
C.He would play with his teammates for their team.
D.There was no need for him to practise as hard as before.
C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Part 1
Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge 1.________ (fan) of the NBA. My favourite player was LeBron James while Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues. Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, as tall as Bogues. Paul knew that 2.________ (be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practise 3.________ (much).Paul always used Bogues as his 4.__________ (inspire).
fans
being
more
inspiration
Our coach was not so sure. Trying out many times just 5.________ making the team, Paul was still usually on the bench, being just 6.________ replacement, which was really tough on him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills and was someone 7.________ worked really hard and had a strong desire 8.________ (play) for the team. However, Paul didn't get a chance.
This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team 9.________ record this season had been perfect and who hadn't lost a single game. Paul didn't know he'd soon get himself 10.________ (recognise).
for
a
who
to play
whose
recognised
Part 2
Suddenly, a player and I crashed 1.________ each other. My knee hurt badly. The team gathered around, looking 2.________ (worry). The last quarter was about 3.________ (begin), and my team was behind by 10 points. I told the coach quietly that I couldn't play anymore and we recommended (推荐) Paul. The coach refused 4.________ (sharp) at first but finally agreed. Paul made a promise 5.________ he wouldn't let the coach down.
into
worried
to begin
sharply
that
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra 6.________ (hour) that he 7.________ (spend) practising alone paid off. The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop 8.________ (clap) and cheering. When the game ended, our team had won by two points. The coach hit Paul on 9.________ shoulder and said that he'd earned 10.________ (he) place on the team.
hours
had spent
clapping
the
his
[教材原文]
Part 1
Paul and I were on our school basketball team①， The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA②. When we weren't playing on the court which was next to③ our building, we were watching a game on TV. My favourite④ player was LeBron James⑤. Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues⑥， a guy⑦ who played for the Charlotte Hornets⑧， although we actually agree that they are both champions⑨.
Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what？⑩ Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that[1] he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own ， he used Bogues as his inspiration . Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it ， why not me？”
[1]两个that都引导宾语从句，分别作knew和meant的宾语
Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team . He was still usually on the bench ， being just a replacement ， which was really tough on him[2]. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire 【B21】 to play for 【B22】 the team. However, Paul didn't get a chance 【B23】
[2]which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句内容。
This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team whose record this season had been perfect. They hadn't lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for.
[词汇注释]
①be on a team [美]是团队的成员
※be in a team [英]是团队的成员
②NBA＝National Basketball
Association(美国)职业篮球联赛
③next to在……旁边
④favourite adj.最喜爱的(没有比较级与最高级)
⑤LeBron James勒布朗·詹姆斯
※是美国职业篮球运动员。
⑥Tyrone Bogues蒂尼·博格斯
※NBA历史上最矮的球员，也是速度最快的球员之一。
⑦guy/ɡa /n.(非正式)男人，家伙
⑧Charlotte Hornets夏洛特黄蜂队(NBA联盟的球队之一)
⑨champion/'t mpi n/n.冠军，第一名
⑩Guess what？你猜怎么着？
shot/ t/n.投球，击球；机会
※do jump shots做跳投
on one's own独立地，独自地
use...as...把……用作……
inspiration/ nsp 're n/n.激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感
make it获得成功
try out for sth.参加……选拔
[汉语译文]
第一部分
我和保罗都是学校狮子篮球队的队员。我们热爱篮球，都是NBA的超级球迷。我们不在大楼附近的球场上打球，就在电视上看比赛。我最喜欢的球员是勒布朗·詹姆斯。保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯为夏洛特黄蜂队效力(guy男人)。事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA史上最矮的球员。你猜怎么着？保罗身高也只有一米六！保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。在他自己跳投的时候，他用博格斯激励自己。保罗有一次说：“如果博格斯能做到，为什么我不能呢？”
我们的教练并不这么看。保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。然而，他通常“坐板凳(bench替补队员席)”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够难熬的。每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想(desire)为球队做出贡献。然而，保罗没有机会。
本周，狮子队正在与我们的劲敌熊队比赛，这是一支本赛季战绩完美的球队，他们没有输过一场比赛。这将是一场硬仗。保罗这时并不知道他很快就能拥有一直等待的机会。
Part 2
Suddenly, a player and I crashed into① each other. Pain raced through② my body. My knee hurt badly. The team gathered around③， looking worried[1]. The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by④[2] 10 points.
“I don't think I can play anymore⑤， coach，” I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack⑥ on my knee.
[1]现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。
[2]表示比分领先或落后用介词by。
“No way⑦，” the coach replied sharply⑧. “We've got no more players！”
“What about Paul？” someone suggested.
“Paul？” said the coach. “He can't play！”
“Give him a shot⑨， coach！” I said. “What have we got to lose？”
“That's right，” another player said. “We're losing[3] anyway⑩. Let Paul play！”
“Let me try, coach! I won't let you down ！” Paul said.
“OK, OK！” the coach finally agreed. “Don't let us down, Paul. It's your time to shine.”
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone[4] paid off . The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. He made shot after shot ， and the crowd couldn't stop clapping 【B21】 and cheering.
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰all the extra hours。
When the game ended, our team had won by two points.
“Well，” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder [5], “you've just earned your place on the team, big[6] guy！”
[5]“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”是固定用法，身体部位柔软时用介词in，身体部位较硬时用on。
[6]表示“(人)体型大，块头大，个子高等”。
①crash into猛撞，猛击
※crash/kr /vi.& vt.猛撞
②race through迅速传遍
③gather around聚集
※gather/'ɡ /vi. & vt.聚集，聚合
④by prep.表示程度、数量
⑤not...anymore不再……(＝no more)
⑥pack/p k/n.绷带，敷布；包，包裹
vi. & vt. 把……包起来
※a pack of一包/盒……
⑦no way不行(表示断然拒绝做某事)
⑧sharply/' ɑ pli/adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地
※reply...sharply斩钉截铁地回答……
⑨give sb. a shot给某人一个机会
⑩anyway adv.反正
let sb. down使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
jump up跳起来
onto/' nt /prep.到……上，向……上
※rush onto the court冲上球场
extra/'ekstr /adj.额外的，另外的
pay off取得成功；奏效
第二部分
突然，我和一名球员撞到了一起，疼痛在我身上迅速蔓延。我的膝盖受伤严重。球队围在我身边，看起来很担心。最后一节即将开始，我们队已经落后10分。
我平静地说：“我可能不能继续上场了，教练。”医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上。
“不行，”教练斩钉截铁地回答，“我们没有别的球员了！”
“保罗怎么样？”有人建议。
“保罗？”教练说，“他不行！”
“给他个机会吧，教练！”我说，“我们还能损失什么呢？”
“没错，”另一名球员说，“不管怎样我们都要输了，让保罗上场吧！”
“让我试试吧，教练！我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。
“好吧，好吧！”教练最终同意了。“别让我们失望，保罗。你发光发亮的时刻到了。”
保罗跳起来冲上球场。显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。对方球队跟不上他的力量和速度。他的进球一个接一个，人群不停地鼓掌欢呼。
比赛结束时，我们队以两分的优势赢得了比赛。
“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)defeat vt.& n．)
(教材原句)a dog that is defeated by other dogs 被其他狗打败的狗
(1)vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
(2)n. [C, U]失败；战胜，击败
accept defeat 接受失败
suffer a defeat 遭遇失败
face defeat 面临失败
admit defeat 承认失败
a heavy/narrow defeat 大败/惜败
terrible/serious defeat 严重受挫
They acknowledged themselves to be defeated.
他们承认他们自己被击败了。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然接受失败。
The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round.
球队首轮失利，十分意外。
He was depressed by his defeat.
失败让他沮丧。
[拓展] defeat/beat/win
·defeat/beat的宾语为对手时，两者可通用；beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。
·win表示在竞争中取得胜利；宾语多是game，match, race，election，prize等；不能接人，但可说win sb. over(把某人争取过来)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart phones ________ (defeat) conventional PCs in sales.
②When he ____________ (defeat)，he came down to earth.
选词填空：defeat/beat/win
③She has a strong desire to ________．
④Damaged but not ________， he was still ahead of me.
⑤If we don't prepare for the speech contest, they will ________ us.
完成句子
⑥Stoke City boss makes an admission after ______________________________________(惜败于冠军领先者).
defeated
was defeated
win
defeated
beat
a narrow defeat to championship leaders
2)company n. 公司；一群人；陪伴，同伴)
(教材原句)a company that never wins 一个永远不会赢的公司
keep pany 陪伴某人；做伴
get into bad company 结交坏朋友
in company with 和……一起；与……同时
for company 作伴，陪伴
a company of... 一伙……
accompany sb. to 陪某人去……
accompany sb. on 用……给某人伴奏
A great company came to the church. 一大群人来到教堂。
Don't mention it.I've really enjoyed your company. 不必客气，有你的陪伴，我很开心。
She works as a secretary in an insurance company.
她在一家保险公司做秘书的工作。
Take care not to get into bad company.注意不要交上坏朋友。
Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.现在，我们有了智能手机在餐桌上陪伴我们。
He went with us to the airport for company.
他陪同我们去机场了。
Lightning usually accompanies thunder.闪电通常伴有雷声。
She asked me to accompany her to the airport.
她要求我陪她到机场去。
She was accompanied by her younger brother.
她由她的弟弟陪着。
【10】Bill accompanied the singer on the guitar.
比尔为那个歌唱者弹吉他伴奏。
[拓展] accompany vt.陪伴；伴随……发生；给……伴奏 vi.伴奏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He persuades me to take him ________ company if I go for a trip.
②The young man soon got ________bad company.
③He is guiding ________ company of tourists.
④Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big ________ (company) to reduce their plastic footprint.
⑤Shirley came to the party, ____________ (accompany) by her brother.
for
into
a
companies
accompanied
⑥I must ask you to __________(company) me to the police station.
⑦If she sings, he will accompany her ________ the piano.
⑧A group of young pioneers always accompany the disabled girl ________ the school.
完成句子
⑨He came _______________(和……一起)a group of boys.
accompany
on
to
in company with
3)inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感)
(教材原句)During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his inspiration.
在他自己练跳投的时候，他用博格斯激励自己。
(1)draw inspiration from.... 从……中吸取灵感
an inspiration to/for sb. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞
a flash of inspiration 灵机一动
inspiration for... 对……的灵感
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspired adj. 能力卓越的 vt. 借助于灵感创作的
Let's give mutual support and inspiration to each other.
咱们互相支持，互相鼓励吧。
He was an inspiration to all who knew him.
他对所有认识他的人来说是一种鼓舞。
Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.
梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
The memory of his mother inspired him to write his greatest poetry.他对母亲的怀念激励他写出了他最伟大的诗篇。
The audience was carried away by his inspiring speech.
他鼓舞人心的发言使听众听得入了神。
[拓展]
inspire sth. in sb./inspire sb. with sth.
使某人产生某种感觉(或情感)；激发某人的某种感觉(或情感)
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人去做某事
inspire v．鼓励，激励
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be _________
(inspiration) for great inventions.
②Her humour and determination were a source of _________ (inspire) to others.
③Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully ________(inspire).
④Teachers should inspire all students ________ (think) creatively.
完成句子
⑤Both poets _____________________(从……得到他们的灵感) the countryside.
inspirations
inspiration
inspiring
to think
drew their inspiration from
4)replacement n. 替换的人(物)(→replace vt. 取代；代替；替换；把……放回原处))
(教材原句)He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him.然而，他通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够难熬的。
(1)replace A with B 用B代替A
be replaced by/with... 被……取代
replace sb. as... 取代某人当……
replace supper with snacks 用零食替代了晚饭
replace the old with the new 辞旧迎新
replace the book on the shelf 把书放回架子上
(2)a replacement for... ……的替补队员/替补
The carpets are in need of replacement.
这些地毯需要更换。
We need to find a replacement for Sue.
我们需要找一个人代替苏。
We have replaced human labour with machines.
我们用机器取代了人类劳动。
Jack has replaced Tom as monitor of our class.
杰克接替汤姆当了我们的班长。
Replace the newspapers after reading, please!
报纸阅后请放回原处！
He will attend the meeting in place of the president who is badly ill now.
他将代替正在生病的主席出席这次会议。
[拓展]
“代替”的多种表达方式：replace/take the place of/take one's place/in place of/in one's place/instead of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My secretary is leaving next week, so we are advertising for ________ replacement.
②We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee ________ (replace) operation.
③Teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in the classroom.
④You can use milk ________ place of cream in this recipe.
⑤We need a replacement ________ the typist who left last week.
⑥Nothing can ever take ________ place of real love and family togetherness.
a
replacement
be replaced
in
for
the
5)desire n. 渴望，欲望，愿望 vt. 渴望，期望 desirable adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的)
(教材原句)Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想为球队做出贡献。
We have no desire to see our football team fail in the game.
我们不愿意看到我们的足球队在比赛中失败。
Some people have a desire for a nicer car and a bigger house.
有些人渴望有较好的车和较大的房子。
If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities like swimming and horse riding.
如果你想参加体育活动，你可以选择像游泳和骑马等活动。
Everyone desires to live in a world free of worry and pains.
每个人都向往生活在一个没有忧虑和痛苦的世界里。
We desire you to complete the work within one month.
我们要求你在一个月内完成这项工作。
He desires that she (should) go and see him at once.
他请求她马上去看他。
[注意]
desire后跟that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many young people have no desire ________(work) for that company.
②He has ________ strong desire for success.
③He desires me ________ (go) abroad for further education.
④My desire ________ knowledge drove me to buy the encyclopedia.
⑤The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire ________ (travel) to different places.
⑥I desire that these letters should ________ (burn) after I leave.
⑦We always desire _____________ (live) in peace with our neighbours.
⑧Take a view is a _____________ (desire) annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
to work
a
to go
for
to travel
be burnt
to live
desirable
6)pack n．，vi. & vt. package n. 包裹 v. 将……包装好)
(教材原句)．..as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.
……医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上。
(1)n.包，包裹；一群；一包；一捆
a pack of 一包；一群
a pack of lies 一派谎言
ice pack 冰袋
a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
a pack of dogs 一群狗
(2)vi. & vt. 把……包起来，收拾行李；塞进
pack up 打包
pack sth. up 把……打包；把……装箱
pack into 塞进；挤进
(3)package tours 包价旅游
package up 把……包成一包
The traveller took out a bottle of water from the pack on his back.
那位旅行者从他的背包中拿出了一瓶水。
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.首先迎接我们的是一群狗的狂吠声，确切地说是七只。
This case is full, and I can't pack any more clothes in.
这个箱子已装满，我塞不进更多的衣服。
We packed away the summer clothes. 我们把夏装收起来了。
The postman brought me a large package.
邮递员给我送来一个大包裹。
She packaged up the old clothes and put them in the wardrobe.
她把旧衣服包好放到衣橱里。
[拓展]
pack sth. away(用后)将某物收拾好
pack the goods up(＝pack up the goods)把货物打包
pack one's things把某人的东西打包
pack one's suitcase收拾某人的手提箱
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He thus avoided ________ pack of reporters eager to question him.
②I sat on the chair to unwrap the ________(pack) while he stood behind me.
③When I was 9, we packed ________ our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
④The sandwich bar ________(pack) at lunchtimes.
⑤It's impossible to pack so many people ________ the small room.
完成句子
⑥The police discovered that the suspect's story was a complete _______
(谎话连篇).
a
package
up
is packed
into
pack of lies
It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
它撞穿了一堵木栅栏，消失了。
His business crashed last year.他的生意去年破了产。
The computer crashed, causing the loss of all data.
电脑死机，导致所有数据都丢失了。
The car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.
如果发生撞车事故，汽车制造商应该负责。
It was a miracle that most of the passengers survived the plane crash.大部分乘客从空难中生还，这真是个奇迹。
The tree fell with a great crash.
那棵树哗啦一声倒了。
The stock market crash ruined many people.
股市崩盘使很多人破产。
[即学即练] 写出句中crash的词性及含义
①The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.________
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. ________
③She was afraid that the plane would crash.________
④Her best friend was badly hurt in a car crash.________
⑤His great travel plan crashed.________
⑥It was the most dramatic financial crash in the 1970s.________
名词，碰撞
动名词，猛撞
动词，坠毁
名词，撞车事故
动词，失败
名词，失败，破产
8)gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合；收拢，归拢(分散的东西)；采集，收割(→gathering n．集会，聚集))
(教材原句)The team gathered around, looking worried.
球队围在我身边，看起来很担心。
(1)gather/collect evidence 收集证据
gather dust 积灰
gather together 聚集起来，合拢
gather around 聚集
gather in 收割，收获
gather sth. in 收割，收获
People began to gather outside the palace.
人们开始聚集在宫殿外面。
He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.
他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。
I gathered courage and looked out through the window and I was really amused with what I saw outside.
我鼓起勇气向窗外望去，我被外面看到的景象逗乐了。
The clouds are gathering together and it's going to rain.
云在聚集，天要下雨了。
The farmers gather in their crops.
农民收庄稼。
Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering.
农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。
He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.
他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The harvest has been safely gathered ________．
②The kindergartener gathered the children ________ her.
③They gathered their things ________ and set off.
④We are invited to a small social ________ (gather).
选词填空：gather/collect
⑤They went there many times to ________ folk songs.
⑥We'll ________ at the school gate at eight tomorrow.
in
around
together
gathering
collect
gather
完成句子
⑦The farmers were racing against the rainy season, trying to ________
(收割) the summer crops.
⑧Houses and factories gave place to open fields as the train ________________(加快速度).
⑨We ________________________________(每周都有一个家庭聚会) so that we can keep in close touch with our family members.
gather in
gathered speed
have a family gathering every week
9)sharply adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地；急剧地，大幅度地)
(教材原句)“No way，” the coach replied sharply. “不行，”教练斩钉截铁地回答。
(1)rise sharply 急剧上涨
fall sharply 急剧下降
ask sharply 厉声地问
(2)sharp adj. 锋利的；急剧的；剧烈的；尖锐的；敏锐的；严厉的
be sharp with sb. 对某人严厉
sharp eyed adj. 眼尖的；目光敏锐的
sharp attention 密切注意
a sharp bend 急转弯
a sharp rise 急剧上升
have a sharp tongue 说话尖刻
(3)sharpen v. (使)变锋利；(使)提高→sharpener n. 磨具；削具
sharpen up (使)提高，改善
a pencil sharpener 铅笔刀
“Is there a problem？” he asked sharply.
“有问题吗？”他厉声问道。
The teacher talked to the student very sharply.
老师非常严厉地责备了这个学生。
She turned the wheel sharply to the left.
她猛地向左打方向盘。
There had been a sharp rise in the patient's temperature during the night.
夜间病人的体温曾急剧上升。
My English teacher was very sharp with me when I forgot my book.
我忘记带书了，让我英语老师狠狠训了一通。
This knife needs sharpening.
这把刀需要磨一下。
A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.
(谚)工欲善其事，必先利其器。
She needs to sharpen up before next month's competition.
下个月比赛之前，她的水平需要提高一下。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She moved ________ (sharp) across the room to block his exit.
②It is important to ________ (sharp) students' communication skills.
③He was very sharp ________ me when I was late.
④I do not have a pencil ________ (sharpen), but I have a knife.
⑤He needs to sharpen ________ before the Olympic trials.
⑥My sister used to have ________ sharp tongue, but she is very friendly now.
完成句子
⑦I got a seat opposite a middle aged man ________________ (目光敏锐), who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.
sharply
sharpen
with
sharpener
up
a
with sharp eyes
10)energy n. 力量，活力，精力；能源(→energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；有力的；充满活力的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地))
(be) full of energy 充满活力/能量
sound/light/heat/solar energy 声/光/热/太阳能
energy sources/sources of energy 能源
provide energy for 为……提供能量
a waste of time and energy 浪费时间和精力
save one's energies 节省精力
make sb. energetic 使某人充满活力
I think of Shanghai as a city full of energy.
我认为上海是一个充满活力的城市。
Plants absorb energy from the sun.植物吸收太阳的能量。
Humour can make one energetic in his work, study, and life.
幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。
He worked energetically all day on his new book.
他一整天干劲十足地写他的新书。
[拓展]
produce/store energy产生/贮存能量
have much energy精力充沛
devote all one's energies into...把某人的全部精力投入到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Morning meals are important to us as they provide energy ________ a whole day.
②You should exercise more so as to keep ________ (energy) and you can work efficiently.
③We will ___________ (energy) expand consumer demand.
④My drama teacher had been looking for someone to play an ________ (energy) boy in a comedy.
for
energetic
energetically
energetic
The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。
They noticed a crowd of people shouting and cheering.
他们看到一大群人在喊叫欢呼。
Hundreds of people crowded the street.
几百人挤满了街道。
The neighbours crowded into their home to wish them.
邻居们涌进他们的家里为他们祝福。
Memories crowded in on him the moment he met his old friend.
他一碰到他的老朋友，往事便涌上了心头。
One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群记者挤进了一辆面包车里。
When the performance was over, the people crowded out.
演出结束后，人们涌了出来。
Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays.
商店里挤满了看五颜六色展品的顾客。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I tried to keep my place in the queue, but they crowded me _____．
②I crowded everything ________my suitcase.
③I was nearly pushed over by ________ crowd of children.
④In the winter the place is crowded ________ skiers.
⑤The audience crowded ________ the hall，waiting for the appearance of their favourite actress.
out
into
a
with
into
⑥He pushed his way through ________ crowd.
⑦Happy memories crowded in ________ me as I looked at the photographs.
⑧Everyone in the restaurant ________ (crowd) around them and started singing.
⑨As soon as I saw ________ crowd of people down there, my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word.
the
on
crowded
the
12)earn vt. 赢得；博得；赚(钱)(→earning n. 所赚的钱；所得；收入，薪水))
(教材原句)．..“you've just earned your place on the team, big guy！”……“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”
(1)earn a reputation 赢得声誉
earn one's/a living 谋生(＝make a living)
earn money 挣钱(＝make money)
earn a fortune 挣一大笔钱
earn a good salary 挣得一份不错的薪水
(2)have (no) earnings 有收入/没收入
raise earnings 提高收益
announce earnings 宣布收入
calculate earnings 计算收入
My quick action earned me his praise.
我的迅速行动赢得了他的赞扬。
He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.他很想挣钱，但我看不出他能做些什么。
He started to turn to writing to earn a living.他开始以写作谋生。
People of their village earned a big fortune from Angora rabbit farming.他们村的人是靠饲养安哥拉兔致富的。
Chile's earnings from exports rose by 2%.
智利的出口收入增加了百分之二。
The show has pushed her earnings past 2 million dollars a year.
演出已使她的年收入超过200万美元。
[拓展] earn one's respect＝earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
earn a degree获得学位
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Donald was paid more than he really ________ (earn).
②He earned ________ high reputation for his learning.
③If you really want to increase your ________ (earn), struggle to become the best in your field.
④My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earning) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
完成句子
⑤Once you respect yourself, you will find that it's much easier ____________________________(赢得他人的尊重).
earned
a
earning
earnings
to earn the respect of others
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)try out for sth. 参加……选拔)
(教材原句)Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。
try on 试穿，试戴
try for 试图获得；力争赢得
try out 试用；测试；检验
try out＋名词(＝try＋名词＋out)
try it/them out
Why don't you try out for the basketball team You have nothing to lose.
你为什么不去参加篮球队的选拔？反正你也不会有什么损失。
She decided to try out for a volunteer after school reading programme.
她决定去参加一个课外阅读志愿者项目的选拔。
This set of textbooks is being tried out experimentally in many schools.
这套教材正在很多学校试用。
We have to try out all types of foreign dishes.
我们得品尝各类异国菜肴。
[拓展]
try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try one's best(to do sth.) 竭尽所能(做某事)
try one's luck/fortune碰碰运气/寻找发财的机会
have a try试一试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Over fifty boys came to try out ________ the football team.
②Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them ________．
③The method seems good but it needs to ________(try) out.
④We should try our best ________(attend) to our parents, and make them happy in their later years.
for
on
be tried
to attend
2)let sb. down 使某人失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望))
(教材原句)I won't let you down! 我不会让你失望的！
live up to 不辜负；无愧于
live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望
let sb. in 让……进来
let out 放出；发出；泄露(机密、消息等)
let go (of) 放手，松开
let sb. go 释放某人，放走某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上(多用于否定句之后)
let off 放(枪等)；宽恕，放过
let sb. alone 不惊动/不打扰某人
I'm afraid she let us down badly.
很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
Only by adequately loosing after work can you not let yourself down.
只有工作之余充分放松、享受，才能对得起自己。
[说明] down adj. (人)沮丧的，情绪低落的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The company now has a large number of workers who feel let ________．
②Last night was the final opportunity for city residents to let ________ fireworks this year.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting ________ the natural light during the day.
down
off
in
3)not...anymore 不再……(＝not...any more))
(经典例句)I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.当我不能再做模特儿的时候，我不想没有其他可以依靠的东西。
I don't ride my motorbike anymore. 我不再骑我的摩托车了。
I couldn't trust him anymore.我再也不会相信他了。
I am sick of your rudeness—I won't have it any longer!
你的无礼我已经受够了，我不会再容忍下去了！
[易混比较]
not...any more＝no more
not...any longer＝no longer
not...anymore表示次数不再增加，而not...any longer表示时间上不再继续。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Does that mean I can't have ________ more fast food
②My main trouble is that we can't go out on the concert ________．
完成句子
③别再浪费我的时间了！
__________________________________________________
④我不再相信他的人品。
__________________________________________________
any
anymore
Don't waste my time anymore!
I no longer trust his character.
His hard work will eventually pay off.
他的努力工作终将会得到回报。
They have loans, bills, a mortgage to pay off, retirement to save for.
他们有贷款、账单、抵押贷款要还，还有退休储蓄要存。
Things are looking bad. We might pay off more workers.
情况看起来很糟糕，我们可能得解雇更多的工人。
[教师提醒]
pay off表示“取得成功；奏效”时，物作主语；表示“偿清，付清”时，人作主语。
[即学即练] 写出句中pay off的含义
①I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.________
②All my hard work paid off in the end, and I finally passed the exam.________
单句语法填空
③Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay ________ her groceries, she was short about three dollars.
偿清
得到回报
for
5)keep up with 跟上，保持同步；和……保持联系)
(教材原句)The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.对方球队跟不上他的力量和速度。
keep sb. from(doing) sth. 阻止某人(做)某事
keep away from 避开，不接近
keep off (使)不接近；避开；挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 继续下去，保持
keep on 继续
keep back 忍住；阻止；抑制；隐瞒
keep out 留在外面，不进入
My secretary works so fast that no one in the office can keep up with her.
我的秘书工作非常快，办公室里没有人能赶上她。
Do you keep up with your classmates in high school
你与高中的同学保持联系吗？
When the athlete came back to his team again, he found it hard to keep up with others.
当这位运动员再回到球队时，他发现很难跟上别人。
One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon.
他的一个朋友停下来修理自行车，但他们鼓励Mac继续前进，他们很快就会赶上他。
[拓展]
“v.＋ up with”结构的短语
come up with 提出，想出(无被动语态和进行时态)
catch up with 赶上，追上(前面的人或其他人的水平)
end up with 以……结束
make up with 与……和解/和好
put up with 容忍，忍受
break up with 与……分手
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I didn't feel as though I needed to keep up ________ anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me.
②I managed to stick to the diet and keep ________ sweet foods.
③She was so moved that she couldn't keep ________ her tears.
选词填空：come/put
④I'm not going to ________ up with their smoking any longer.
⑤In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun ________ up with plans to counter this trend.
with
off
back
put
coming
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)动名词(短语)作主语)
(教材原句)．..being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.……比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。
Walking is beneficial to your health.散步对你的健康有益处。
Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.
考试作弊毁坏人的品质。
It was a waste of time reading that book.
读那本书是浪费时间。
[说明]
①单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Swimming is probably the best form of exercise you can get.
游泳可能是你能采取的最佳的锻炼方式。
②动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置。常用句式有：
It is no use/no good doing...做……是没有用/无益的。
It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间。
It is no use crying over spilt milk．覆水难收。
It is no good learning without practice．学而不练没有好处。
It is simply a waste of time and money seeing the movie．
看这部电影简直是在浪费时间和金钱。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①So ________ (be)interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
②Breathing ________ (become) difficult at that altitude.
③It is no use ________ (tell) him not to worry.
④Reading aloud ________ (be) very important for us to learn a foreign language.
⑤________ is no good waiting for other people to make your decision for you.
⑥It is a waste of time __________ (persuade) such a person to join us.
being
becomes
telling
is
It
persuading
2)be about to do sth. when...正要做某事，这时……(另一件事情发生))
(教材原句)The last quarter was about to begin...
最后一节即将开始……
Something unusual is about to occur.
某件不寻常的事即将发生。
We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
I had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床，电话就响了。
The boy was about to go out when his mother called him to have dinner. 男孩正要出门，这时母亲叫他去吃晚饭。
[特别提示] be about to do表示将要发生的动作，不能与表示将来时间的状语连用，可与when连用构成sb. was about to do...when...句式，意为“某人正要做……，这时……”。when在这里相当于and at that moment, when这种用法常见于以下几个句型中：
be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时……
had just/hardly/scarcely done...when...刚做完……，这时……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Please turn on the TV. The movie is about ________ (start).
②He was about ________ (tell) me the secret when someone patted me on the shoulder.
③She just ______________ (finish) her homework when the power was cut off.
④My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags ________ a stranger came up to her.
to start
to tell
had just finished
when
3)although 引导让步状语从句)
(教材原句)Paul's favourite player was...although we actually agree that they are both champions. 保罗最喜欢的球员是……事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
Although/Though she works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 尽管她很努力了，但她还是进步缓慢。
Young though/as she is, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows. 尽管她年轻，但已经到过许多国家进行演出。
[说明]
(1)although＝though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。需要特别注意的是，用although/though引导从句时，主句就不能再用but，但可用yet。
(2)although引导让步状语从句时，省略主语和be动词的条件：主从句主语一致；从句含有be动词。
Although small, the kitchen is well designed. 厨房虽小，但设计巧妙。
(3)although引导让步状语从句时不可倒装；though引导让步状语从句时倒装和不倒装皆可；as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。
[语境助记]
Although large (＝Although it is large), the flat doesn't have many rooms.
这套公寓虽然大，但并没有太多房间。
Although he crashed his car into a wall, the man was surprisingly unhurt.
尽管他开车撞了墙，那人却出乎意料地安然无恙。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①________________________________________________(他虽然年轻)，he is wise.
②________________________________________________(她虽然是个女孩)，she is very brave.
Although/Though he is young/Young though/as he is
Although/Though she is a girl/Girl though/as she is
4)which 引导非限制性定语从句)
(教材原句)Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA史上最矮的球员。
句式分析
(1)非限制性定语从句用逗号把先行词(被修饰词)与定语从句隔开，用于对先行词进行补充说明。
如：He has two sisters, who work as teachers. 他有两个姐姐，她们当教师。(他只有两个姐姐)
(2)限制性定语从句是对先行词(被修饰词)的修饰限定，(不用逗号)。如：
He has two sisters who work as teachers.
他有两个当教师的姐姐。(他可能还有其他不教书的姐姐)
(3)which引导限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别：
·是否有逗号
前者与主句之间无逗号；后者则有逗号。
·与主句的紧密程度
前者与主句关系紧密，删掉它句意不完整；后者与主句关系相对松散，删掉它不影响句意的完整性。
·从句与先行词的关系
前者用于修饰、限定；后者用于补充、说明。
Having a balanced diet is a good habit, which is good for your health. 均衡饮食是一个好习惯，对你的健康有好处。
[提示] that不引导非限制性定语从句。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①毫无疑问，你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，它会帮助你听课时更顺利。
There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance, ________ will make the class go smoothly.
②但人们对于现代美国学年的观点仍然有分歧，现代美国学年平均180天。
But people's opinion about the modern U．S. school year, ________ averages 180 days, is still divided.
which
which
5)现在分词(短语)作状语)
(教材原句)The team gathered around, looking worried.
队员们围在我身边，看起来很担心。
句式分析
looking worried 作伴随状语，主语the team与look之间是主动关系。
More highways have been built, making it convenient for people to travel.更多的公路已经建成，方便了人们的出行。
[注意]
非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式四种形式。分词作状语时，要根据句子主语与构成分词的动词之间的关系来确定是用现在分词还是用过去分词—主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。
[比较]
The team gathered around, looking worried. (the team与look为主动关系)
→The team gathered around and ________ (look) worried.[looked]
and为并列连词，连接并列谓语，look为连系动词，此处应用过去式looked.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came ________ (run) from the house.
②____________ (follow) by a few students, the teacher entered the classroom.
③____________ (follow) their teacher, the few students entered the classroom.
running
Followed
Following
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A good idea occurred to me in a flash of ________(灵感).
2．The coach criticised the athlete so ________ (严厉地).
3．He is the manager of the __________(冠军) team.
4．The ________(处于劣势的) team scored two surprise goals.
5．He was still on the bench, being just a ____________(替补人员).
6．The boy is always in high spirits, full of ________ (活力).
7．He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop ________ (鼓掌) and cheering.
inspiration
sharply
champion
underdog
underdog
energy
clapping
Ⅱ.短语填空
gather around, not...any more, pack up, crash into, try out for, earn a place
1．He ____________ the football team in the expectation of being a real player.
2．Unfortunately, he ____________ a truck as he was dragging the dustbin.
3．The teen used to be addicted to online games, but now he ____________ surf the Internet ________．
tried out for
crashed into
doesn't
any more
4．He ____________ all his energy in order to shoot the goal.
5．This athlete desires to ____________ in the Olympic team, so he has been practising hard.
6．The responsible workers ____________ the glasses and marked (做标记) on each box “This Side Up”．
gathered around
earn a place
packed up
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or ________ (gather) from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
2．Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or ________ (pack) lunch (which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert).
3．French cafés are always ________ (crowd).
4．Sarah was told that she could be Britain's new supermodel, ________ (earn) a million dollars in the next year.
5．Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we ____________ (defeat).
gathered
packed
crowded
earning
were defeated
6．Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an ____________ (inspire) to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
7．Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don't be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.
8．The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ________．
9．The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its ____________ (replace): reusable shopping bags.
10．Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire ________ (change) the tradition.
inspiration
sharply
off
replacement
to change
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．My favourite basketball player, who is an excellent athlete, ________ play for The Lakers ____________ (不再).
2．I ________________________(有强烈的欲望) go surfing when I was young.
3．One Friday, we __________ (正在收拾行李) to leave for a weekend away _________ (这时) my daughter heard cries for help.
4．He finally achieved his aim; he didn't ________ us ________ (让……失望).
didn't
any more
had a strong desire to
were packing
when
let
downSection B Lesson 1 The Underdog
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ vi.& vt. 猛撞
2．________________ n. 渴望
3．________________ n. 冠军；第一名
4．________________ n. (非正式)男人，家伙；小伙子
5．________________ n. 投球，击球；机会
6．________________ n. 替补队员席
7．________________ vt. (在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
8．________________ n. 公司；一群人
9．________________ vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
10．________________ adj. 额外的，另外的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．underdog n．处于劣势的人(队)；弱方→________ n．大学在校生；大学本科生→________vi. & vt. (对……)估计不足，低估→________ vt. 在……下画线；强调，使突出
2．inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励→________ n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→________ adj. 令人鼓舞的
3．replace vt.代替，取代→________ n. 替换的人(物)
4．gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合→________ n. 集合，集会→________ n. 采集者
5．pack n. 绷带，敷布；包，包裹 vi. & vt. 把……包起来→________ n．包裹；小包，包装盒；一套→________ n. (小的)包；捆
6．sharp adj. 锋利的；尖锐的→________ adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地→________ vt. (使)变锋利
7．energy n. 力量，活力→________ adj. 精力充沛的，有活力的→________ adv. 精力充沛地；充满活力地
8．crowd n．人群 vt.挤满，群集→________ adj. 拥挤的
9．earn vt. 赢得；博得→________ n. 挣工薪者→________ n. 所得，收入(用作复数)
10．shoot vt. 射中，射击；开(枪)，射(箭) vi. 射击，射箭→________ n. (复)(植物的)芽，苗，嫩枝
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下面短语的汉意
1．hit sb. on the shoulder ________________
2．earn one's place ________________
3．on the team ________________
4．gather around ________________
5．the last quarter ________________
6．reply sharply ________________
7．do jump shots on one's own ________________
8．try out for sth. ________________
9．make the team ________________
10．be on the bench ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
2．________________ 冲上球场
3．________________ 取得成功；奏效
4．________________ 跟上，保持同步
5．________________ 不停地鼓掌欢呼
6．________________ 当替补队员
7．________________ 对……严厉的/强硬的/无情的
8．________________ 强烈渴望做某事
9．________________ 与主要对手比赛
10．________________ 猛撞，猛击
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
Part 1
1．We can know about Paul the following except that ________．
A.he practised hard and had real skills
B.he was the shortest player ever in the NBA
C.he was as tall as his favourite player Tyrone Bogues
D.he was usually a replacement on their school basketball team
2．What was the main reason why Paul didn't get a chance to make the team
A.His coach was not confident about his height.
B.He didn't have the skills to play for the team.
C.He didn't have a desire to play for the team.
D.He didn't practise as hard as his teammates.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Paul would get the chance to prove himself.
B.Paul would still be on the bench watching the game.
C.It would be easy for The Lions to defeat The Bears.
D.The Bears had never lost a single game.
4．What was the attitude of Paul's teammates to him
A．Doubtful. B．Confident.
C.Indifferent. D．Disapproving.
Part 2
1．What can we know from the passage
A.The coach agreed to let Paul play at first.
B.The writer fell down suddenly and his knee hurt badly.
C.It was Paul who made a great contribution to their winning.
D.The coach didn't let the writer play as soon as he was hurt.
2．How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A.It was unexpected.
B.It was just so so.
C.It was discouraging.
D.It was within his expectation.
3．Why did the coach call Paul “big guy” at the end of the passage
A.Because Paul was strong and tall.
B.Because Paul's performance was greater than he expected.
C.Because their team won the competition.
D.Because he was always confident about Paul's performance.
4．What would probably happen to Paul after the competition
A.He would still be on the bench watching the game.
B.He would sometimes play for his team if someone was hurt.
C.He would play with his teammates for their team.
D.There was no need for him to practise as hard as before.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Part 1
Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge 1.________ (fan) of the NBA. My favourite player was LeBron James while Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues. Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, as tall as Bogues. Paul knew that 2.________ (be) shorter than other players meant that he had to practise 3.________ (much).Paul always used Bogues as his 4.________ (inspire).
Our coach was not so sure. Trying out many times just 5.________ making the team, Paul was still usually on the bench, being just 6.________ replacement, which was really tough on him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills and was someone 7.________ worked really hard and had a strong desire 8.________ (play) for the team. However, Paul didn't get a chance.
This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team 9.________ record this season had been perfect and who hadn't lost a single game. Paul didn't know he'd soon get himself 10.________ (recognise).
Part 2
Suddenly, a player and I crashed 1.________ each other. My knee hurt badly. The team gathered around, looking 2.________ (worry). The last quarter was about 3.________ (begin), and my team was behind by 10 points. I told the coach quietly that I couldn't play anymore and we recommended (推荐) Paul. The coach refused 4.________ (sharp) at first but finally agreed. Paul made a promise 5.________ he wouldn't let the coach down.
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra 6.________ (hour) that he 7.________ (spend) practising alone paid off. The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop 8.________ (clap) and cheering. When the game ended, our team had won by two points. The coach hit Paul on 9.________ shoulder and said that he'd earned 10.________ (he) place on the team.
[词汇注释]
①be on a team [美]是团队的成员
※be in a team [英]是团队的成员
②NBA＝National Basketball
Association(美国)职业篮球联赛
③next to在……旁边
④favourite adj.最喜爱的(没有比较级与最高级)
⑤LeBron James勒布朗·詹姆斯
※是美国职业篮球运动员。
⑥Tyrone Bogues蒂尼·博格斯
※NBA历史上最矮的球员，也是速度最快的球员之一。
⑦guy/ɡa /n.(非正式)男人，家伙
⑧Charlotte Hornets夏洛特黄蜂队(NBA联盟的球队之一)
⑨champion/'t mpi n/n.冠军，第一名
⑩Guess what？你猜怎么着？
shot/ t/n.投球，击球；机会
※do jump shots做跳投
on one's own独立地，独自地
use...as...把……用作……
inspiration/ nsp 're n/n.激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感
make it获得成功
try out for sth.参加……选拔
make the team入选团队
bench/bent /n.替补队员席
※bench本义是“长凳，长椅”，此处引申为“替补席”。
replacement/r 'ple sm nt/n.替换的人(物)
be tough on sb.使某人日子难过
desire/d 'za /n.渴望
※have a strong desire to do...有做……的强烈愿望
play for为……打比赛
※play against迎战……
get a chance获得机会
[教材原文]
Part 1
Paul and I were on our school basketball team①， The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA②. When we weren't playing on the court which was next to③ our building, we were watching a game on TV. My favourite④ player was LeBron James⑤. Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues⑥， a guy⑦ who played for the Charlotte Hornets⑧， although we actually agree that they are both champions⑨.
Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what？⑩ Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that[1] he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own ， he used Bogues as his inspiration . Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it ， why not me？”
[1]两个that都引导宾语从句，分别作knew和meant的宾语
Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team . He was still usually on the bench ， being just a replacement ， which was really tough on him[2]. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desireB21 to play forB22 the team. However, Paul didn't get a chanceB23.
[2]which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句内容。
This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team whose record this season had been perfect. They hadn't lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for.
[汉语译文]
第一部分
我和保罗都是学校狮子篮球队的队员。我们热爱篮球，都是NBA的超级球迷。我们不在大楼附近的球场上打球，就在电视上看比赛。我最喜欢的球员是勒布朗·詹姆斯。保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯为夏洛特黄蜂队效力(guy男人)。事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA史上最矮的球员。你猜怎么着？保罗身高也只有一米六！保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。在他自己跳投的时候，他用博格斯激励自己。保罗有一次说：“如果博格斯能做到，为什么我不能呢？”
我们的教练并不这么看。保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。然而，他通常“坐板凳(bench替补队员席)”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够难熬的。每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想(desire)为球队做出贡献。然而，保罗没有机会。
本周，狮子队正在与我们的劲敌熊队比赛，这是一支本赛季战绩完美的球队，他们没有输过一场比赛。这将是一场硬仗。保罗这时并不知道他很快就能拥有一直等待的机会。
①crash into猛撞，猛击
※crash/kr /vi.& vt.猛撞
②race through迅速传遍
③gather around聚集
※gather/'ɡ /vi. & vt.聚集，聚合
④by prep.表示程度、数量
⑤not...anymore不再……(＝no more)
⑥pack/p k/n.绷带，敷布；包，包裹
vi. & vt. 把……包起来
※a pack of一包/盒……
⑦no way不行(表示断然拒绝做某事)
⑧sharply/' ɑ pli/adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地
※reply...sharply斩钉截铁地回答……
⑨give sb. a shot给某人一个机会
⑩anyway adv.反正
let sb. down使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
jump up跳起来
onto/' nt /prep.到……上，向……上
※rush onto the court冲上球场
extra/'ekstr /adj.额外的，另外的
pay off取得成功；奏效
keep up with跟上，保持同步
energy/'en d i/n.力量，活力
※energetic adj.精力充沛的
make shot after shot一个接一个地投球
crowd/kra d/n.人群
stop doing...停止做……
※stop to do...停下来去做……
clap/kl p/vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手
Part 2
Suddenly, a player and I crashed into① each other. Pain raced through② my body. My knee hurt badly. The team gathered around③， looking worried[1]. The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by④[2] 10 points.
“I don't think I can play anymore⑤， coach，” I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack⑥ on my knee.
[1]现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。
[2]表示比分领先或落后用介词by。
“No way⑦，” the coach replied sharply⑧. “We've got no more players！”
“What about Paul？” someone suggested.
“Paul？” said the coach. “He can't play！”
“Give him a shot⑨， coach！” I said. “What have we got to lose？”
“That's right，” another player said. “We're losing[3] anyway⑩. Let Paul play！”
“Let me try, coach! I won't let you down ！” Paul said.
“OK, OK！” the coach finally agreed. “Don't let us down, Paul. It's your time to shine.”
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone[4] paid off . The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. He made shot after shot ， and the crowd couldn't stop clappingB21 and cheering.
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰all the extra hours。
When the game ended, our team had won by two points.
“Well，” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder [5], “you've just earned your place on the team, big[6] guy！”
[5]“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”是固定用法，身体部位柔软时用介词in，身体部位较硬时用on。
[6]表示“(人)体型大，块头大，个子高等”。
第二部分
突然，我和一名球员撞到了一起，疼痛在我身上迅速蔓延。我的膝盖受伤严重。球队围在我身边，看起来很担心。最后一节即将开始，我们队已经落后10分。
我平静地说：“我可能不能继续上场了，教练。”医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上。
“不行，”教练斩钉截铁地回答，“我们没有别的球员了！”
“保罗怎么样？”有人建议。
“保罗？”教练说，“他不行！”
“给他个机会吧，教练！”我说，“我们还能损失什么呢？”
“没错，”另一名球员说，“不管怎样我们都要输了，让保罗上场吧！”
“让我试试吧，教练！我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。
“好吧，好吧！”教练最终同意了。“别让我们失望，保罗。你发光发亮的时刻到了。”
保罗跳起来冲上球场。显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。对方球队跟不上他的力量和速度。他的进球一个接一个，人群不停地鼓掌欢呼。
比赛结束时，我们队以两分的优势赢得了比赛。
“嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)defeat vt.& n．)
(教材原句)a dog that is defeated by other dogs 被其他狗打败的狗
(1)vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜，打败
(2)n. [C, U]失败；战胜，击败
accept defeat 接受失败
suffer a defeat 遭遇失败
face defeat 面临失败
admit defeat 承认失败
a heavy/narrow defeat 大败/惜败
terrible/serious defeat 严重受挫
They acknowledged themselves to be defeated.
他们承认他们自己被击败了。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然接受失败。
The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round.
球队首轮失利，十分意外。
He was depressed by his defeat.失败让他沮丧。
[拓展] defeat/beat/win
·defeat/beat的宾语为对手时，两者可通用；beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等。
·win表示在竞争中取得胜利；宾语多是game，match, race，election，prize等；不能接人，但可说win sb. over(把某人争取过来)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart phones ________ (defeat) conventional PCs in sales.
②When he ________ (defeat)，he came down to earth.
选词填空：defeat/beat/win
③She has a strong desire to ________．
④Damaged but not ________， he was still ahead of me.
⑤If we don't prepare for the speech contest, they will ________ us.
完成句子
⑥Stoke City boss makes an admission after ________________________(惜败于冠军领先者).
2)company n. 公司；一群人；陪伴，同伴)
(教材原句)a company that never wins 一个永远不会赢的公司
keep pany 陪伴某人；做伴
get into bad company 结交坏朋友
in company with 和……一起；与……同时
for company 作伴，陪伴
a company of... 一伙……
accompany sb. to 陪某人去……
accompany sb. on 用……给某人伴奏
A great company came to the church. 一大群人来到教堂。
Don't mention it.I've really enjoyed your company. 不必客气，有你的陪伴，我很开心。
She works as a secretary in an insurance company.
她在一家保险公司做秘书的工作。
Take care not to get into bad company.注意不要交上坏朋友。
Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.现在，我们有了智能手机在餐桌上陪伴我们。
He went with us to the airport for company.
他陪同我们去机场了。
Lightning usually accompanies thunder.闪电通常伴有雷声。
She asked me to accompany her to the airport.
她要求我陪她到机场去。
She was accompanied by her younger brother.
她由她的弟弟陪着。
Bill accompanied the singer on the guitar.
比尔为那个歌唱者弹吉他伴奏。
[拓展] accompany vt.陪伴；伴随……发生；给……伴奏 vi.伴奏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He persuades me to take him ________ company if I go for a trip.
②The young man soon got ________bad company.
③He is guiding ________ company of tourists.
④Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big ________ (company) to reduce their plastic footprint.
⑤Shirley came to the party, ____________ (accompany) by her brother.
⑥I must ask you to ________(company) me to the police station.
⑦If she sings, he will accompany her ________ the piano.
⑧A group of young pioneers always accompany the disabled girl ________ the school.
完成句子
⑨He came ____________(和……一起)a group of boys.
3)inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感)
(教材原句)During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his inspiration.
在他自己练跳投的时候，他用博格斯激励自己。
(1)draw inspiration from.... 从……中吸取灵感
an inspiration to/for sb. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞
a flash of inspiration 灵机一动
inspiration for... 对……的灵感
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspired adj. 能力卓越的
vt. 借助于灵感创作的
Let's give mutual support and inspiration to each other.
咱们互相支持，互相鼓励吧。
He was an inspiration to all who knew him.
他对所有认识他的人来说是一种鼓舞。
Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.
梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
The memory of his mother inspired him to write his greatest poetry.他对母亲的怀念激励他写出了他最伟大的诗篇。
The audience was carried away by his inspiring speech.
他鼓舞人心的发言使听众听得入了神。,[拓展] inspire sth. in sb./inspire sb. with sth.使某人产生某种感觉(或情感)；激发某人的某种感觉(或情感)
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人去做某事
inspire v．鼓励，激励
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be ________(inspiration) for great inventions.
②Her humour and determination were a source of ________ (inspire) to others.
③Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully ________(inspire).
④Teachers should inspire all students ________ (think) creatively.
完成句子
⑤Both poets ________________(从……得到他们的灵感) the countryside.
4)replacement n. 替换的人(物)(→replace vt. 取代；代替；替换；把……放回原处))
(教材原句)He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him.然而，他通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够难熬的。
(1)replace A with B 用B代替A
be replaced by/with... 被……取代
replace sb. as... 取代某人当……
replace supper with snacks 用零食替代了晚饭
replace the old with the new 辞旧迎新
replace the book on the shelf 把书放回架子上
(2)a replacement for... ……的替补队员/替补
The carpets are in need of replacement.这些地毯需要更换。
We need to find a replacement for Sue.
我们需要找一个人代替苏。
We have replaced human labour with machines.
我们用机器取代了人类劳动。
Jack has replaced Tom as monitor of our class.
杰克接替汤姆当了我们的班长。
Replace the newspapers after reading, please!
报纸阅后请放回原处！
He will attend the meeting in place of the president who is badly ill now.他将代替正在生病的主席出席这次会议。
[拓展]
“代替”的多种表达方式：
replace/take the place of/take one's place/in place of/in one's place/instead of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My secretary is leaving next week, so we are advertising for ________ replacement.
②We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee ________ (replace) operation.
③Teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in the classroom.
④You can use milk ________ place of cream in this recipe.
⑤We need a replacement ________ the typist who left last week.
⑥Nothing can ever take ________ place of real love and family togetherness.
5)desire n. 渴望，欲望，愿望 vt. 渴望，期望 desirable adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的)
(教材原句)Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想为球队做出贡献。
(1)have
express a desire to do sth. 表达想做某事的愿望
satisfy one's desire 满足某人的欲望
(2)desire
We have no desire to see our football team fail in the game.
我们不愿意看到我们的足球队在比赛中失败。
Some people have a desire for a nicer car and a bigger house.
有些人渴望有较好的车和较大的房子。
If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities like swimming and horse riding.
如果你想参加体育活动，你可以选择像游泳和骑马等活动。
Everyone desires to live in a world free of worry and pains.
每个人都向往生活在一个没有忧虑和痛苦的世界里。
We desire you to complete the work within one month.
我们要求你在一个月内完成这项工作。
He desires that she (should) go and see him at once.
他请求她马上去看他。
[注意] desire后跟that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many young people have no desire ________(work) for that company.
②He has ________ strong desire for success.
③He desires me ________ (go) abroad for further education.
④My desire ________ knowledge drove me to buy the encyclopedia.
⑤The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire ________ (travel) to different places.
⑥I desire that these letters should ________ (burn) after I leave.
⑦We always desire ________ (live) in peace with our neighbours.⑧Take a view is a ________ (desire) annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
6)pack n．，vi. & vt. package n. 包裹 v. 将……包装好)
(教材原句)．..as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee. ……医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上。
(1)n.包，包裹；一群；一包；一捆
a pack of 一包；一群
a pack of lies 一派谎言
ice pack 冰袋
a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟
a pack of dogs 一群狗
(2)vi. & vt. 把……包起来，收拾行李；塞进
pack up 打包
pack sth. up 把……打包；把……装箱
pack into 塞进；挤进
(3)package tours 包价旅游
package up 把……包成一包
The traveller took out a bottle of water from the pack on his back.
那位旅行者从他的背包中拿出了一瓶水。
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.首先迎接我们的是一群狗的狂吠声，确切地说是七只。
This case is full, and I can't pack any more clothes in.
这个箱子已装满，我塞不进更多的衣服。
We packed away the summer clothes. 我们把夏装收起来了。
The postman brought me a large package.
邮递员给我送来一个大包裹。
She packaged up the old clothes and put them in the wardrobe.
她把旧衣服包好放到衣橱里。
[拓展] pack sth. away(用后)将某物收拾好
pack the goods up(＝pack up the goods)把货物打包
pack one's things把某人的东西打包
pack one's suitcase收拾某人的手提箱
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He thus avoided ________ pack of reporters eager to question him.
②I sat on the chair to unwrap the ________(pack) while he stood behind me.
③When I was 9, we packed ________ our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
④The sandwich bar ________(pack) at lunchtimes.
⑤It's impossible to pack so many people ________ the small room.
完成句子
⑥The police discovered that the suspect's story was a complete ________________(谎话连篇).
7)crash vi. & vt. 猛撞，猛击；坠毁；倒闭，失败；崩溃 n. 撞车事故；坠毁，失事；碰撞声；倒闭，失败；崩溃)
(教材原句)Suddenly, a player and I crashed into each other. 突然，我和一名球员撞到了一起。
(1)a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事
the bank crash 银行破产
(2)crash into/onto 撞到……上
(3)crash into
It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
它撞穿了一堵木栅栏，消失了。
His business crashed last year.他的生意去年破了产。
The computer crashed, causing the loss of all data.
电脑死机，导致所有数据都丢失了。
The car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.
如果发生撞车事故，汽车制造商应该负责。
It was a miracle that most of the passengers survived the plane crash.大部分乘客从空难中生还，这真是个奇迹。
The tree fell with a great crash.那棵树哗啦一声倒了。
The stock market crash ruined many people.
股市崩盘使很多人破产。
[拓展] 撞到(某人身上)；偶遇
walk into 走进
into为介词，后面必须跟宾语
[即学即练] 写出句中crash的词性及含义
①The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.________
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. ________
③She was afraid that the plane would crash.________
④Her best friend was badly hurt in a car crash.________
⑤His great travel plan crashed.________
⑥It was the most dramatic financial crash in the 1970s.________
8)gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合；收拢，归拢(分散的东西)；采集，收割(→gathering n．集会，聚集))
(教材原句)The team gathered around, looking worried.
球队围在我身边，看起来很担心。
(1)gather/collect evidence 收集证据
gather dust 积灰
gather together 聚集起来，合拢
gather around 聚集
gather in 收割，收获
gather sth. in 收割，收获
(2)gather
(3)a social/family gathering 社交/家庭聚会
People began to gather outside the palace.
人们开始聚集在宫殿外面。
He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.
他不辞辛劳地为我收集资料。
I gathered courage and looked out through the window and I was really amused with what I saw outside.
我鼓起勇气向窗外望去，我被外面看到的景象逗乐了。
The clouds are gathering together and it's going to rain.
云在聚集，天要下雨了。
The farmers gather in their crops. 农民收庄稼。
Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering.农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。
He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.
他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The harvest has been safely gathered ________．
②The kindergartener gathered the children ________ her.
③They gathered their things ________ and set off.
④We are invited to a small social ________ (gather).
选词填空：gather/collect
⑤They went there many times to ________ folk songs.
⑥We'll ________ at the school gate at eight tomorrow.
完成句子
⑦The farmers were racing against the rainy season, trying to ________________(收割) the summer crops.
⑧Houses and factories gave place to open fields as the train ________________(加快速度).
⑨We ________________________(每周都有一个家庭聚会) so that we can keep in close touch with our family members.
9)sharply adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地；急剧地，大幅度地)
(教材原句)“No way，” the coach replied sharply. “不行，”教练斩钉截铁地回答。
(1)rise sharply 急剧上涨
fall sharply 急剧下降
ask sharply 厉声地问
(2)sharp adj. 锋利的；急剧的；剧烈的；尖锐的；敏锐的；严厉的
be sharp with sb. 对某人严厉
sharp eyed adj. 眼尖的；目光敏锐的
sharp attention 密切注意
a sharp bend 急转弯
a sharp rise 急剧上升
have a sharp tongue 说话尖刻
(3)sharpen v. (使)变锋利；(使)提高→sharpener n. 磨具；削具
sharpen up (使)提高，改善
a pencil sharpener 铅笔刀
“Is there a problem？” he asked sharply.
“有问题吗？”他厉声问道。
The teacher talked to the student very sharply.
老师非常严厉地责备了这个学生。
She turned the wheel sharply to the left. 她猛地向左打方向盘。
There had been a sharp rise in the patient's temperature during the night. 夜间病人的体温曾急剧上升。
My English teacher was very sharp with me when I forgot my book. 我忘记带书了，让我英语老师狠狠训了一通。
This knife needs sharpening. 这把刀需要磨一下。
A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well. (谚)工欲善其事，必先利其器。
She needs to sharpen up before next month's competition.
下个月比赛之前，她的水平需要提高一下。
[提示] “Sth. need(s)＋”为固定句式，此处doing为主动形式表示被动意义。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She moved ________ (sharp) across the room to block his exit.
②It is important to ________ (sharp) students' communication skills.
③He was very sharp ________ me when I was late.
④I do not have a pencil ________ (sharpen), but I have a knife.
⑤He needs to sharpen ________ before the Olympic trials.
⑥My sister used to have ________ sharp tongue, but she is very friendly now.
完成句子
⑦I got a seat opposite a middle aged man ________ (目光敏锐), who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.
10)energy n. 力量，活力，精力；能源(→energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；有力的；充满活力的 energetically adv. 精力充沛地))
(be) full of energy 充满活力/能量
sound/light/heat/solar energy 声/光/热/太阳能
energy sources/sources of energy 能源
provide energy for 为……提供能量
a waste of time and energy 浪费时间和精力
save one's energies 节省精力
make sb. energetic 使某人充满活力
I think of Shanghai as a city full of energy.
我认为上海是一个充满活力的城市。
Plants absorb energy from the sun.植物吸收太阳的能量。
Humour can make one energetic in his work, study, and life.
幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。
He worked energetically all day on his new book.
他一整天干劲十足地写他的新书。
[拓展] produce/store energy产生/贮存能量
have much energy精力充沛
devote all one's energies into...把某人的全部精力投入到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Morning meals are important to us as they provide energy ________ a whole day.
②You should exercise more so as to keep ________ (energy) and you can work efficiently.
③We will ________ (energy) expand consumer demand.
④My drama teacher had been looking for someone to play an ________ (energy) boy in a comedy.
11)crowd n. 人群，一伙人 v. 拥挤；聚集，挤满)
(教材原句)He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering.
他的进球一个接一个，人群不停地鼓掌欢呼。
(1)n. 人群，一伙人
a crowd of 一群/一伙……
(2)v. 拥挤；聚集；挤满
crowd
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的
be crowded with 挤满……
The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。
They noticed a crowd of people shouting and cheering.
他们看到一大群人在喊叫欢呼。
Hundreds of people crowded the street. 几百人挤满了街道。
The neighbours crowded into their home to wish them.
邻居们涌进他们的家里为他们祝福。
Memories crowded in on him the moment he met his old friend.
他一碰到他的老朋友，往事便涌上了心头。
One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群记者挤进了一辆面包车里。
When the performance was over, the people crowded out.
演出结束后，人们涌了出来。
Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays. 商店里挤满了看五颜六色展品的顾客。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I tried to keep my place in the queue, but they crowded me ________．
②I crowded everything ________my suitcase.
③I was nearly pushed over by ________ crowd of children.
④In the winter the place is crowded ________ skiers.
⑤The audience crowded ________ the hall，waiting for the appearance of their favourite actress.
⑥He pushed his way through ________ crowd.
⑦Happy memories crowded in ________ me as I looked at the photographs.
⑧Everyone in the restaurant ________ (crowd) around them and started singing.
⑨As soon as I saw ________ crowd of people down there, my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word.
12)earn vt. 赢得；博得；赚(钱)(→earning n. 所赚的钱；所得；收入，薪水))
(教材原句)．..“you've just earned your place on the team, big guy！”……“你已经为自己赢得了球队中的位置，‘大个子’！”
(1)earn a reputation 赢得声誉
earn one's/a living 谋生(＝make a living)
earn money 挣钱(＝make money)
earn a fortune 挣一大笔钱
earn a good salary 挣得一份不错的薪水
(2)have (no) earnings 有收入/没收入
raise earnings 提高收益
announce earnings 宣布收入
calculate earnings 计算收入
My quick action earned me his praise.
我的迅速行动赢得了他的赞扬。
He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.他很想挣钱，但我看不出他能做些什么。
He started to turn to writing to earn a living.他开始以写作谋生。
People of their village earned a big fortune from Angora rabbit farming.他们村的人是靠饲养安哥拉兔致富的。
Chile's earnings from exports rose by 2%.
智利的出口收入增加了百分之二。
The show has pushed her earnings past 2 million dollars a year.
演出已使她的年收入超过200万美元。
[拓展] earn one's respect＝earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
earn a degree获得学位
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Donald was paid more than he really ________ (earn).
②He earned ________ high reputation for his learning.
③If you really want to increase your ________ (earn), struggle to become the best in your field.
④My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earning) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
完成句子
⑤Once you respect yourself, you will find that it's much easier ________________(赢得他人的尊重).
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)try out for sth. 参加……选拔)
(教材原句)Paul had to try out many times just for making the team.保罗多次参加选拔，方才入选球队。
try on 试穿，试戴
try for 试图获得；力争赢得
try out 试用；测试；检验
try out＋名词(＝try＋名词＋out)
try it/them out
Why don't you try out for the basketball team You have nothing to lose.
你为什么不去参加篮球队的选拔？反正你也不会有什么损失。
She decided to try out for a volunteer after school reading programme.她决定去参加一个课外阅读志愿者项目的选拔。
This set of textbooks is being tried out experimentally in many schools.这套教材正在很多学校试用。
We have to try out all types of foreign dishes.
我们得品尝各类异国菜肴。
[拓展] try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try one's best(to do sth.) 竭尽所能(做某事)
try one's luck/fortune碰碰运气/寻找发财的机会
have a try试一试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Over fifty boys came to try out ________ the football team.
②Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them ________．
③The method seems good but it needs to ________(try) out.
④We should try our best ________(attend) to our parents, and make them happy in their later years.
2)let sb. down 使某人失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望))
(教材原句)I won't let you down! 我不会让你失望的！
live up to 不辜负；无愧于
live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望
let sb. in 让……进来
let out 放出；发出；泄露(机密、消息等)
let go (of) 放手，松开
let sb. go 释放某人，放走某人
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上(多用于否定句之后)
let off 放(枪等)；宽恕，放过
let sb. alone 不惊动/不打扰某人
I'm afraid she let us down badly. 很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
Only by adequately loosing after work can you not let yourself down.只有工作之余充分放松、享受，才能对得起自己。
[说明] down adj. (人)沮丧的，情绪低落的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The company now has a large number of workers who feel let ________．
②Last night was the final opportunity for city residents to let ________ fireworks this year.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting ________ the natural light during the day.
3)not...anymore 不再……(＝not...any more))
(经典例句)I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.当我不能再做模特儿的时候，我不想没有其他可以依靠的东西。
I don't ride my motorbike anymore. 我不再骑我的摩托车了。
I couldn't trust him anymore.我再也不会相信他了。
I am sick of your rudeness—I won't have it any longer!
你的无礼我已经受够了，我不会再容忍下去了！
[易混比较] not...any more＝no more
not...any longer＝no longer
not...anymore表示次数不再增加，而not...any longer表示时间上不再继续。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Does that mean I can't have ________ more fast food
②My main trouble is that we can't go out on the concert ________．
完成句子
③别再浪费我的时间了！
________________________________________________________________________
④我不再相信他的人品。
________________________________________________________________________
4)pay off 取得成功；奏效，得到回报；偿清，付清；付清工资后解雇(某人))
(教材原句)And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off.
显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。
pay
pay up 付清全部欠款
pay down (分期或部分)支付；偿还
His hard work will eventually pay off.
他的努力工作终将会得到回报。
They have loans, bills, a mortgage to pay off, retirement to save for.他们有贷款、账单、抵押贷款要还，还有退休储蓄要存。
Things are looking bad. We might pay off more workers.
情况看起来很糟糕，我们可能得解雇更多的工人。
[教师提醒] pay off表示“取得成功；奏效”时，物作主语；表示“偿清，付清”时，人作主语。
[即学即练] 写出句中pay off的含义
①I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.________
②All my hard work paid off in the end, and I finally passed the exam.________
单句语法填空
③Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay ________ her groceries, she was short about three dollars.
5)keep up with 跟上，保持同步；和……保持联系)
(教材原句)The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.对方球队跟不上他的力量和速度。
keep sb. from(doing) sth. 阻止某人(做)某事
keep away from 避开，不接近
keep off (使)不接近；避开；挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 继续下去，保持
keep on 继续
keep back 忍住；阻止；抑制；隐瞒
keep out 留在外面，不进入
My secretary works so fast that no one in the office can keep up with her.
我的秘书工作非常快，办公室里没有人能赶上她。
Do you keep up with your classmates in high school
你与高中的同学保持联系吗？
When the athlete came back to his team again, he found it hard to keep up with others.
当这位运动员再回到球队时，他发现很难跟上别人。
One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon.他的一个朋友停下来修理自行车，但他们鼓励Mac继续前进，他们很快就会赶上他。
[拓展]
“v.＋ up with”结构的短语
come up with 提出，想出(无被动语态和进行时态)
catch up with 赶上，追上(前面的人或其他人的水平)
end up with 以……结束
make up with 与……和解/和好
put up with 容忍，忍受
break up with 与……分手
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I didn't feel as though I needed to keep up ________ anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me.
②I managed to stick to the diet and keep ________ sweet foods.
③She was so moved that she couldn't keep ________ her tears.
选词填空：come/put
④I'm not going to ________ up with their smoking any longer.
⑤In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun ________ up with plans to counter this trend.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)动名词(短语)作主语)
(教材原句)．..being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.……比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。
Walking is beneficial to your health.散步对你的健康有益处。
Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.
考试作弊毁坏人的品质。
It was a waste of time reading that book.
读那本书是浪费时间。
[说明]
①单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Swimming is probably the best form of exercise you can get.
游泳可能是你能采取的最佳的锻炼方式。
②动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置。常用句式有：
It is no use/no good doing...做……是没有用/无益的。
It is a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间。
It is no use crying over spilt milk．覆水难收。
It is no good learning without practice．学而不练没有好处。
It is simply a waste of time and money seeing the movie．
看这部电影简直是在浪费时间和金钱。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①So ________ (be)interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
②Breathing ________ (become) difficult at that altitude.
③It is no use ________ (tell) him not to worry.
④Reading aloud ________ (be) very important for us to learn a foreign language.
⑤________ is no good waiting for other people to make your decision for you.
⑥It is a waste of time ________ (persuade) such a person to join us.
2)be about to do sth. when...正要做某事，这时……(另一件事情发生))
(教材原句)The last quarter was about to begin...
最后一节即将开始……
Something unusual is about to occur.
某件不寻常的事即将发生。
We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
I had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚刚上床，电话就响了。
The boy was about to go out when his mother called him to have dinner. 男孩正要出门，这时母亲叫他去吃晚饭。
[特别提示] be about to do表示将要发生的动作，不能与表示将来时间的状语连用，可与when连用构成sb. was about to do...when...句式，意为“某人正要做……，这时……”。when在这里相当于and at that moment, when这种用法常见于以下几个句型中：
be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时……
had just/hardly/scarcely done...when...刚做完……，这时……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Please turn on the TV. The movie is about ________ (start).
②He was about ________ (tell) me the secret when someone patted me on the shoulder.
③She just ________ (finish) her homework when the power was cut off.
④My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags ________ a stranger came up to her.
3)although 引导让步状语从句)
(教材原句)Paul's favourite player was...although we actually agree that they are both champions. 保罗最喜欢的球员是……事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
Although/Though she works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 尽管她很努力了，但她还是进步缓慢。
Young though/as she is, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows. 尽管她年轻，但已经到过许多国家进行演出。
[说明]
(1)although＝though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。需要特别注意的是，用although/though引导从句时，主句就不能再用but，但可用yet。
(2)although引导让步状语从句时，省略主语和be动词的条件：主从句主语一致；从句含有be动词。
Although small, the kitchen is well designed. 厨房虽小，但设计巧妙。
(3)although引导让步状语从句时不可倒装；though引导让步状语从句时倒装和不倒装皆可；as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。
[语境助记]
Although large (＝Although it is large), the flat doesn't have many rooms. 这套公寓虽然大，但并没有太多房间。
Although he crashed his car into a wall, the man was surprisingly unhurt.尽管他开车撞了墙，那人却出乎意料地安然无恙。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①__________________(他虽然年轻)，he is wise.
②__________________________(她虽然是个女孩)，she is very brave.
4)which 引导非限制性定语从句)
(教材原句)Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA史上最矮的球员。
句式分析
(1)非限制性定语从句用逗号把先行词(被修饰词)与定语从句隔开，用于对先行词进行补充说明。
如：He has two sisters, who work as teachers. 他有两个姐姐，她们当教师。(他只有两个姐姐)
(2)限制性定语从句是对先行词(被修饰词)的修饰限定，(不用逗号)。如：
He has two sisters who work as teachers.
他有两个当教师的姐姐。(他可能还有其他不教书的姐姐)
(3)which引导限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别：
·是否有逗号
前者与主句之间无逗号；后者则有逗号。
·与主句的紧密程度
前者与主句关系紧密，删掉它句意不完整；后者与主句关系相对松散，删掉它不影响句意的完整性。
·从句与先行词的关系
前者用于修饰、限定；后者用于补充、说明。
Having a balanced diet is a good habit, which is good for your health. 均衡饮食是一个好习惯，对你的健康有好处。
[提示] that不引导非限制性定语从句。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①毫无疑问，你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，它会帮助你听课时更顺利。
There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance, ________ will make the class go smoothly.
②但人们对于现代美国学年的观点仍然有分歧，现代美国学年平均180天。
But people's opinion about the modern U．S. school year, ________ averages 180 days, is still divided.
5)现在分词(短语)作状语)
(教材原句)The team gathered around, looking worried.
队员们围在我身边，看起来很担心。
句式分析 looking worried 作伴随状语，主语the team与look之间是主动关系。
More highways have been built, making it convenient for people to travel.更多的公路已经建成，方便了人们的出行。
[注意] 非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式四种形式。分词作状语时，要根据句子主语与构成分词的动词之间的关系来确定是用现在分词还是用过去分词—主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。
[比较] The team gathered around, looking worried. (the team与look为主动关系)
→The team gathered around and ________ (look) worried.[looked]
and为并列连词，连接并列谓语，look为连系动词，此处应用过去式looked.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came ________ (run) from the house.
②________ (follow) by a few students, the teacher entered the classroom.
③________ (follow) their teacher, the few students entered the classroom.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A good idea occurred to me in a flash of ________(灵感).
2．The coach criticised the athlete so ________ (严厉地).
3．He is the manager of the ________(冠军) team.
4．The ________(处于劣势的) team scored two surprise goals.
5．He was still on the bench, being just a ________(替补人员).
6．The boy is always in high spirits, full of ________ (活力).
7．He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop ________ (鼓掌) and cheering.
Ⅱ.短语填空
gather around, not...any more, pack up, crash into, try out for, earn a place
1．He ____________ the football team in the expectation of being a real player.
2．Unfortunately, he ____________ a truck as he was dragging the dustbin.
3．The teen used to be addicted to online games, but now he ____________ surf the Internet ________．
4．He ____________ all his energy in order to shoot the goal.
5．This athlete desires to ____________ in the Olympic team, so he has been practising hard.
6．The responsible workers ____________ the glasses and marked (做标记) on each box “This Side Up”．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or ________ (gather) from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
2．Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or ________ (pack) lunch (which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert).
3．French cafés are always ________ (crowd).
4．Sarah was told that she could be Britain's new supermodel, ________ (earn) a million dollars in the next year.
5．Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we ________ (defeat).
6．Jennifer is a first generation graduate and an ________ (inspire) to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
7．Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don't be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.
8．The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ________．
9．The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its ________ (replace): reusable shopping bags.
10．Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire ________ (change) the tradition.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．My favourite basketball player, who is an excellent athlete, ________ play for The Lakers ____________________ (不再).
2．I ________________________(有强烈的欲望) go surfing when I was young.
3．One Friday, we ________________ (正在收拾行李) to leave for a weekend away ______________ (这时) my daughter heard cries for help.
4．He finally achieved his aim; he didn't ________ us ________ (让……失望).(共94张PPT)
Section C Lesson 2 Rules of the Game
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi.& vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹
2．____________ vi.& vt. 停止(做某事)
3．____________ n. 观众；听众
4．____________ n. 腰带，皮带
5．____________ n. 建议，忠告，窍门
6．____________ vi.& vt. 咬
7．____________ n. 状况，场合；事例，实例
8．____________ n. 热身运动，准备活动
bounce
quit
audience
belt
tip
bite
case
warm up
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．announce vt.宣布→____________ n．通告，公告
2．box v．拳击运动中击打→________ n．拳击(运动)
3．fence n．篱笆→________ n．防守队员，后卫→________ vt.防卫，防御
4．apply v．申请，应用→___________ n．申请；申请书；应用
5．amaze vt.使惊愕→________ adj.令人惊异的，了不起的→________ adv.令人惊奇地；了不起地
announcement
boxing
defence
defend
application
amazing
amazingly
6．disappoint v．使失望→_____________ n．失望；扫兴；沮丧→_____________ adj.令人失望的
7．mind n．头脑，智力，想法，心情；记忆 v．介意，在意→________ vt.使(某人)想起，提醒
8．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的 annuals n．年刊；年鉴→________ adv.每年；一年一次地→___________ n．(每年的)纪念日
9．occupy vt.占用；占去(时间)→____________ n．职业；占领，占有；居住，占据→____________ n．居住者
disappointment
disappointing
remind
annually
anniversary
occupation
occupant
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．be reminded to do sth. ________________
2．be prohibited from doing sth. ________________
3．turn off the phones ________________
4．put the phones on silence ________________
5．feel disappointed ________________
6．be unprepared for ________________
7．quit the race halfway ________________
8．feel sick ________________
被提醒做某事
被禁止做某事
关闭手机，把电话关机
把电话设置为静音
感到失望
没准备好……
中途退赛
想吐
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 关闭闪光灯
2．________________ 以防万一
3．________________ 报名参加……
4．________________ 申请表
5．________________ 感到有点儿紧张
turn off the flash
in case
sign up for
an application form
feel a bit nervous
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；蹦；颠簸行进 n．跳；弹回，跃，弹力)
(教材原句)A player must bounce the ball as he or she moves down the court.
球员必须在场上移动时把球弹回来。
bounce along 颠簸前进
bounce off 被……弹开
bounce back 反弹；重整旗鼓；迅速恢复活力
bounce into 以上上下下的动作进入
bounce up and down 蹦蹦跳跳
bounce the ball against the wall 对着墙打球
get on...in a single bounce 一跃跳上……
lose its bounce 失去弹力
jump over...at a bounce 一跃跳过……
The child bounced up and down on the bed.
孩子在床上蹦蹦跳跳。
He bounced the ball against the wall.
他对着墙打球。
I bounced the baby on my knee.
我把婴儿放在膝上上下颠着。
The new car bounced along the rough mountain road.
这辆新汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶。
The ball will bounce back.
这个球会反弹。
She came bouncing into the room.
她蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间。
[语境助记]
I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
我跑得太快了，结果被树干弹回来，屁股着地了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ball hit the wall and bounced ________ it.
②We all pile in and bounce ________ dirt roads for a couple of hours.
③We lost two or three early games but we bounced ________．
④The ball bounced ________ the hole beside the tree.
完成句子
⑤He is young enough to ________________ (恢复过来) from this failure.
⑥The car was ________________ (上下颠簸) as if someone were jumping on it.
off
along
back
into
bounce back
bouncing up and down
2)announcement n．通告，公告；宣布；声明 announce vt.宣布；宣告；广播)
(教材原句)．..“an announcement and two conversations about sports”．……“一则公告和两段关于体育的对话”。
(1)make an announcement 发表声明；发布公告
announcement of a peace agreement 和平协议的公布
library announcements 图书馆公告
an official announcement 官方公告
a formal announcement 正式通告
(2)announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事；告诉某人某事
announce to sb. that... 向某人宣布……
Share library announcements on your social media.
在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。
He made the announcement in a speech on television.
他在一次电视讲话中发表了这一声明。
They officially announced the news to the reporters.
他们正式地向记者发布了这条新闻。
Mary announced to her parents that she was going to run for monitor.
玛丽向她父母宣布她准备竞选班长。
The dark clouds announced the coming of a storm.
乌云预示暴风雨就要来临。
She announces three programmes a week.
她每周广播三个节目。
It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
据说王教授要来做一个关于他在海上冒险的演讲。
As is announced, Professor Wang makes a speech to us once a week.
正如宣布的那样，王教授每周给我们做一次演讲。
[句式]
It is announced that...据宣布……
as is announced正如宣布的那样
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's due in at 6：20 pm, but the _____________ (announce) said just now there was a 30 minute delay because of the bad weather.
②The date of the examination will _____________ (announce) to all school later in the year.
③He announced ________ us his plan of leaving us.
完成句子
④________________________ (据宣布) new speed restrictions would be introduced.
⑤I've got ____________________________ (一则重要通知要宣布).
announcement
be announced
to
It was announced that
an important announcement to make
3)audience n．观众；听众)
(教材原句)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.
提醒观众关掉手机或把手机调成静音。
a large/small audience 大量观众/少数观众
in front of a live audience 在现场观众面前
hold/seat an audience of... 容纳……观众
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
大多数演讲的目的是使听众受益。
Her lecture attracted a crowded audience.她的演讲吸引了很多听众。
She has addressed the audiences all over the country.
她曾向全国各地的听众发表了演讲。
[说明]
①audience是集合名词，用作主语时，若将其视为整体，其谓语可用单数；若将其视为个体，则谓语要用复数。
②audience是集合名词， an audience不是指“一个观众”，而是指某一群观众，某一个场次或某一方面的观众。同样地， audiences也不是指“多个观众”，而是指多群观众、多个方面的观众等。
such a big audience这么多听众 poor audiences观众人数少
③形容听(观)众人数之多或少，通常用big, huge, mass, wide或small, thin等形容词修饰，但是不用many, few修饰。
a large audience of young people许多年轻听众
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The audience _____ (be) enjoying every minute of the performance.
②The speaker had ________ small audience who listened to him carefully.
③Entertaining ____________ (audience) is the aim of movies.
完成句子
④I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them ________________________ (在观众面前).
⑤The audience ________________________ (鼓掌10分钟).
⑥His book reached ________________________ (更广大的观众) when it was made into a movie.
is/are
a
audiences
in front of an audience
was/were clapping for 10 minutes
an even wider audience
4)defence n．防御；防卫；防守队员，后卫；辩解 defend vt.保护，防卫；辩解，辩护)
(1)in defence of 保护；为了保卫；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
come to one's defence 出来为某人辩护
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
a defence satellite 防御卫星
flood defences 防洪
a defence against... 对……的防御物
(2)defend oneself against an attack from sb.
保卫自己抵御来自某人的攻击
defend one's country against the enemies 保卫国家抵御敌人
defend sb. from sb. else/sth. 保护某人免受他人/他物的伤害
defend one's rights 保护自己的权利
defend oneself with sth. 用某物自卫
defend one's actions/cause/ideas/leader
为自己的行为、事业、想法、领导辩护
defend the goal (against attack) 防守球门
The behaviour of the defence was rather disappointing.
那个后卫的行为相当令人失望。
Offense is the best defence.攻击是最好的防御。
In 1937, the Chinese soldiers had to rise and fight in defence of our country.在1937年，中国士兵被迫站起来战斗来保卫我们国家。
When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
The newspaper defended her against the accusations.
报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。
[拓展]
defenceless adj.没加防卫的，不能保护自己的
defend vt.辩护；防护 vi.& vt.保卫；防守
defender n．后卫
be good at defending擅长打防卫
Some players are better at defending.有些运动员更擅长打防卫。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The high wall was built ________ a defence ________ invaders.
②The book is a brilliant ________ (defend) of our policies.
③He had to beat several ________ (defend) to score.
④The immune system is the body's ________ (defend) against infection.
完成句子
⑤我得为她说句话，她先前并不负责此事。
I have to say ________________ that she was not responsible for it beforehand.
⑥They had 3 players ________________ (防守球门) against attack.
as
against
defence
defenders
defence
in her defence
defending the goal
5)remind vt.使(某人)想起，提醒 reminder n．提醒人的事物；提示信，通知单)
(教材原句)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.
提醒观众关掉手机或把手机调成静音。
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. of... 使某人想起……
remind sb. (that) ... 提醒某人……
Be sure to remind her to return early.
一定要提醒她早点儿回来。
This song reminds me of Australia.
这首歌使我想起了澳大利亚。
Passengers are reminded (that) no smoking is allowed on this train.
旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。
I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!
我是这片森林的国王，这是给你的提醒！
[拓展] 与remind sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有：
warn sb. of sth. 提醒/警告某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；纠正某人的坏习惯
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某物
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事
accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯有……罪
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人有……罪
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The seventeen year old boy put up a picture of Bill Gates beside the bed to keep himself reminded ________ his own dream.
②He reminds me ________ (lock) up the house when I go out.
③These ruins are a ________ (remind) of the horrors of war.
④We shall inform you ________ the date of our arrival.
⑤We were able to convince the students ________ the need for wider reading.
完成句子
⑥The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top of the mountain will ________________________________ (让你想起我们人类是多么渺小).
of
to lock
reminder
of
of
remind you how tiny we humans are
6)prohibit vt.禁止；阻止(→prohibition n．禁止；禁令))
(教材原句)You're prohibited from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm.禁止用你的头、肩膀或手臂击打他人。
prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
The police prohibit parking in the city centre.
警方禁止在市中心停车。
We prohibit pupils from smoking.我们禁止学生抽烟。
The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.
包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州约90个城市禁止使用这种袋子。
There is evidence that prohibition of plastic bags can work.
有证据显示，禁止塑料袋会起作用。
[拓展]
forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事
stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (prohibit) order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.
②His small size prohibits his ________ (become) a policeman.
③He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us ________ leaving.
④The high cost ________ (prohibit) the widespread use of the drug.
prohibition
becoming
from
prohibits
7)case n．状况，场合；事例，实例；论据；箱子；案件)
(教材原句)The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.手套和护齿也有帮助，以防发生意外。
in case 以防万一；如果，假使
in no case 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in some cases 在某些情况下
in this/that case 既然这样/那样；在这种/那种情况下
It is often the case that... 通常情况下……
as is often the case (with...) (对……)是常有的事
She argued her case calmly and rationally.
她冷静而又理智地为她的情况辩解。
Could you give us a concrete case？
你能不能给我们举个具体的事例？
The judge quotes various cases in support of his opinion.
法官引证了各种论据来支持他的观点。
The case was full of clothes.这箱子满是衣服。
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生把他的电话号码告诉病人，以防他们需要医疗帮助。
In no case can I make an exception to this regulation.
在任何情况下我都不能对这条规定破例。
It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home in any case.
明天可能下雨，但不管怎样，我们打算回家。
In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.
遇到紧急情况时，击碎玻璃罩并按下按钮。
It is often the case that haste makes waste.
欲速则不达是常有的事。
【10】I have known cases where/in which dogs have nipped babies.
我知道一些狗咬婴儿的事例。
【11】I got to the stage where/in which I wasn't coping any more.
到了这个阶段，我已经无法应付了。
[拓展] case＋where定语从句
Let's imagine a case where we disagree.
让我们假设一个我们不同意的情况。
[说明]
在定语从句中，当先行词为case (情况), situation (情况，形势), position (位置，职位), condition (情形，条件), point (境地), stage (境地，阶段)等，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which引导定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is often the case, he is late for school again.
②This time, we stayed together, ________ case anything else unusual happened.
③My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier a five dollar bill to keep on hand ________ case the same happened to someone else.
④Cases ________ which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions.
As
in
in
in
写出句中case的含义
⑤The ten runners up will receive a case of wine.________
⑥But that is not always the case, sometimes the table can turn.________
⑦The court case will do serious harm to my business.________
完成句子
⑧________________________ (就像生活中经常发生的情况一样), making something that looks easy is very difficult.
⑨________________ (在某些情况下) people have to wait several weeks for such a chance.
⑩________________ (那样的话), I think that I understand your decision and you have my support.
箱子
情况
案件
As is often the case in life
In some cases
In that case
8)annual adj.一年一度的，每年的 n．年刊；一年生植物(→annually adv.每年，一年一次地))
(教材原句)Is this where I sign up for the Annual Fun Run
我是在这里报名参加年度趣味跑吗？
an annual income/magazine/meeting 年收入/年刊/年会
annual output/production 年产量
an annual report/salary 年度报告/年薪
Your birthday is an annual event.
你的生日是一年一度的大事。
I looked for Wyman's picture in my high school annual.
我在我的中学年鉴里找过怀曼的照片。
Maybe this year I'll sow brilliant annuals everywhere.
也许今年我会到处种上鲜艳的一年生植物。
There are three books I reread annually.
有三本书我每年重读一遍。
They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.
他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must ________ (annual) purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.
②________ annual rainfall of four inches is often used to define the limits of a desert.
写出句中annual的词性及含义
③His essay is copied from a college annual.________
④Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.________
annually
An
名词，年刊
形容词，一年一度的
9)application n．[C，U]申请，申请书；应用；应用程序)
(教材原句)Here's your application form...这是你的申请表……
(1)fill in an application form 填写申请表
a job application 求职信
a letter of application 申请信
written application 书面申请
college application 大学(入学)申请
(2)apply...to... 把……应用到……
apply oneself to 致力于/专心于……
apply (to sb.) for... (向某人)申请……
apply to... 适用于……
Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse.
芭芭拉申请护士的工作。
The invention would have wide application in industry.
这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound.
正确的做法是在伤口上施加直接压力。
He has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.
他以极大的精力致力于这项工作。
They applied to other medical institutions for assistance.
他们向其他医疗机构申请援助。
We have had lots of applicants for these positions.
对于这些职位我们已有了很多申请者。
I'm going to take a course in applied mathematics this semester.
我这学期打算学习应用数学课程。
[拓展]
apply v．应用；申请；勤奋工作
applicant n．申请人
applied adj.应用的，实用的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She plans to take a course in ________ (apply) linguistics.
②________ (apply) in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution (机构).
③We regret to tell you that your ________ (apply) has not been successful.
④I'd like to make an application ________ a loan.
⑤We had rather few ___________ (application) for the job.
applied
Applicants
application
for
applications
⑥This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply ________ each key.
⑦You may apply ________ tickets in person or by letter.
⑧It is difficult to apply oneself ________ a boring task.
⑨Our results suggest that the successful dogs realised that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies ________ an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.
to
for
to
to
10)quit vi.& vt.停止(做某事)；离开；离任；离校)
quit sb./oneself of... 使某人/自己摆脱……
quit doing sth. 停止做某事
quit as... 辞去……的职务
We soon quitted ourselves of fear.我们很快消除了恐惧。
I'd like to quit myself of any blame in this affair.
我想使自己在这件事中不受任何责备。
He quit studying to take a walk.他停止学习去散步。
If I don't get a pay rise I'll quit.如果不给我加薪我就辞职。
The guard didn't quit his post all night long.卫兵整夜没离岗。
He quit school due to illness.他因病辍学。
[拓展]
quit doing sth.停止做某事
quit smoking戒烟
quit one's job辞职
quit the city离开该城市
quit the habit of...放弃……的习惯
[拓展]
quit as manager of the team辞去团队经理的职务(此处表示“作为”某种职务而辞职)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What he said didn't quit her ________ fear.
②She relied on tough love to help him quit ________ (drink).
③He __________ (quit) when he realised he could not win.
④He has decided to quit ________ manager of the team.
of
drinking
quit/quitted
as
11)tip n．建议，忠告，窍门；小费；尖端，尖儿)
(教材原句)Any other tips you can give me？你还能给我别的建议吗？
on the tip of sb.'s tongue 话到嘴边
give/offer a tip 付小费，给小费
leave a tip 留小费
the tip of the iceberg (问题的)冰山一角
top tips 主要提示；最佳建议
the tip of her nose 她的鼻尖
a simple tip 简单的窍门
a useful tip 有用的建议
It's common to leave a tip in many Western countries.
在很多西方国家，给小费是很平常的。
His nose is pink at the tip.他的鼻尖是粉红色的。
The title of the article is right on the tip of my tongue.
我就是想不起来那篇文章的标题。
The cases that rise to public attention are only the tip of the iceberg.
引起群众关注的事件只是冰山一角。
[语境助记]
Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.这里有一些建议可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的支持。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her telephone number is right ________ the tip of my tongue.
写出句中tip的含义
②That stick has a metal tip.________
③It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs.________
④Most restaurants now include the tip in the price of the meal.________
on
名词，尖端
名词，建议
名词，小费
12)occupy vt.占用，占去(时间、空间等)；占领，占据；使忙于)
(教材原句)I know you've had lots to occupy your time...
我知道你有很多事情要做……
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己忙于某事
occupy sb./oneself in doing sth. 使某人/自己忙于做某事
Some occupied themselves with English study.
有几个人在学英语。
Haas occupied himself in writing his research paper.
哈斯忙于写他的调查报告。
Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
Members of the group occupy positions of power in the country.
那个组织的成员在该国身居要职。
He is occupied in writing a novel.
他正忙于小说创作。
The reading room seems to be always well occupied.
阅览室似乎总是坐满了人。
I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.
我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业。
[拓展]
occupied adj.被占有的，无空闲的
occupation n．职业；占领
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The factory ________ (occupy) four acres of ground.
②He ________ (occupy) in translating an English novel.
③All territory ________ (occupy) by the British at the end of the war was returned to the US.
④Please state your name, age and ________ (occupy) below.
⑤She was occupied ________ the cleaning of the big house.
⑥He occupied himself ________ collecting stamps.
occupies
is occupied
occupied
occupation
with
in
完成句子
⑦I'm afraid that you won't be able to see the doctor for _________________________________________________ (他今天下午的预约已经排满了).
⑧It's not easy to get over a broken heart, but if you believe that you are strong enough and ________________________ (让自己别闲着), time does the rest.
he is fully occupied with appointments this afternoon
keep yourself occupied
Much to my disappointment/To my great disappointment, they refused my request.令我非常失望的是，他们拒绝了我的要求。
I'm afraid you're very disappointed with me.恐怕你对我非常失望。
We were disappointed at the results.我们对结果感到失望。
I hate to disappoint you, but I'm just not interested.
我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。
The film was built up to be a masterpiece but I found it very disappointing.这部影片被捧为杰作，可我却大失所望。
[拓展]
disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的，令人沮丧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To my ________________ (disappoint), nothing has resulted from my efforts.
②Some found the conclusion of the film Titanic very _____________ (disappoint).
③I found, much ________ my disappointment, that he didn't finish his work in time.
④The students are disappointed ________ their new maths teacher.
⑤He was disappointed ________ not getting the job, but he'll get over it.
⑥My parents will be ______________ (disappoint) with me if I fail the examination.
disappointment
disappointing
to
with/in
at
disappointed
Amazingly, the building has no heating or air conditioning.
令人惊奇的是，这座建筑没有暖气或空调。
She was an amazingly good cook.
她是一个厨艺精湛的厨师。
She is amazingly clever.
她极为聪明。
It amazed us to hear that you were leaving.
听到你要走，我们都很吃惊。
It's amazing how soon you adapt.(it作形式主语， how soon引导的从句作真正主语)
你这么快就适应了，真是令人惊奇。
She is amazed that people still risk travelling without insurance.
对于人们在没有保险的情况下仍然冒险去旅行，她很惊愕。
There's an amazed look on his face.
他脸上露出惊讶的表情。
He held up his hand in amazement.
他惊讶地举起了手。
To my amazement, the boy could recite the poem from memory.
令我吃惊的是，那个男孩能把这首诗背出来。
[辨析]
(1)in amazement翻译为“在……中”，表示“完全处于惊奇的状态”，作方式状语。如：They listened to the music in amazement．他们(完全)陶醉在音乐中。
with amazement翻译成“惊奇地”，“饶有兴致地”，修饰动词时使用。如：
They observed the vase in exhibition with amazement．
他们饶有兴致地观赏着展会上的花瓶。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (amazing), Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before.
②________ (amaze) at my classmates' fluent spoken English, I was determined to be as good as they were.
③What ________ (amaze) me is how long she managed to hide it from us.
④She was shaking with fear, while the two men were looking at her in ___________ (amaze).
⑤It was one of the most ________ (amaze) films I've ever seen.
⑥Much to his ___________ (amaze), she liked the idea.
Amazingly
Amazed
amazes
amazement
amazing
amazement
第二版块|重要短语讲解
(1) sign up报名；签约雇用；注册
(教材原句)Is this where I sign up for the Annual Fun Run
我是在这里报名参加年度趣味跑吗？
sign up for 报名参加……
sign up for the course 报名参加该课程
sign up for a new email account 注册一个新电子邮件账号
sign up online for language classes 在网上报名参加语言课程
sign up to do sth. 报名做某事
Lucy decided to sign up for yoga classes.
露西决定报名上瑜伽课。
They manage to sign up all the best performers.
他们设法跟所有最佳演员签约。
Many men sign up for the army out of respect for the soldiers.
许多男人出于对军人的尊敬而报名参军。
This was one of the first companies to sign up to make smartphones.
这家是首批签约生产智能手机的公司之一。
The company has signed up three top models for the fashion show.
为了时装表演，公司签约聘用了三位顶尖模特儿。
[拓展]
sign in签到
sign out签退
sign sb. up for...签约聘用某人参加……
sign the letter在信上签字
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You can sign up ________ an appointment on the sign up sheet outside the door.
②You just sign up ________ (be) on the team of whoever you can gather.
③He signed ________ as a flight attendant with Korean Air.
for
to be
up
2)ought to aux.应该，应当)
(教材原句)And I suppose I ought to get a big breakfast before, right？我想我应该提前吃一顿丰盛的早餐，对吧？
ought to do sth. 应该做某事
ought not to do sth. 不应该做某事
ought to have done sth. 过去本该做某事(而没有做)
ought not to have done sth. 过去本不该做某事(但已做)
You ought to have a haircut.
你该去剪发了。
You oughtn't to forget something so important.
你不应该忘记这么重要的事情。
You ought to have told me that yesterday.
那件事你本应昨天就告诉我。(但实际没告诉我)
You oughtn't to have told me that yesterday.
你昨天本不该告诉我那件事儿。(但实际昨天告诉我那件事儿了)
[误区警示]
(1)ought to是情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，用法与should基本相同。
(2)ought to的否定式是ought not to或oughtn't to，疑问式是把ought放在主语前。
Ought the food to be enough for the four of us
这些食物够我们四个人吃吗？
(3)陈述句谓语动词含有ought to时，反意疑问句句式结构为“ought＋主格人称代词”或“oughtn't＋主格人称代词”。
He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he？他上课不应该讲话，是吗？
[比较] ought to/should
·ought to多反映一种客观情况。
·should多表示说话者的一种主观看法。
本应该做某事(实际上并没有做)：
should have done sth.
ought to have done sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Children ought to ________ (be) able to read by the age of 7.
②You ought to ________ (come) to the meeting. It was interesting.
③Such things ought not to ________ (allow).
④I ought not to ___________ (mention) the subject at the conference.
完成句子
⑤You ________________________________ (本不应该把书带出) the reading room.
⑥He ________________________________ (本该到达这所房子了) some time ago.
⑦The company ought to do something about the poor service, _______ (不是吗)
be
have come
be allowed
have mentioned
ought not to have taken the book out of
ought to have reached the house
oughtn't it
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)What's up？怎么了？)
(教材原句)What's up？怎么了？/出什么事了？
句式分析
(1)“What's up？”常用作熟人之间打招呼时的问候语，相当于“What's new？/What's update？”，即汉语中的“最近咋样？”“最近有啥新鲜事？”。答语往往有：
Nothing much/Nothing.还行。
Nothing new.没什么新鲜事。
Not much.还行。
Not a lot.没太多新鲜事。
The usual.老样子。
(2)如果想要跟对方多聊聊，还可以用“What's up with you？”反问对方，类似中国人的寒暄：
A: Hey, what's up, man？嘿，怎么样，伙计？
B: Oh, not much. What's up with you？哦，还行。你呢？
A: Same here.我也一样。
Hello, Betty. What's up What are you doing in the library
你好，贝蒂。怎么了？你在图书馆干什么？
What's up for today You are really dressed up today.
今天做什么呢？你今天穿得好正式。
[常用表达] What for？为什么？
So what？那又怎么样？(认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时)
How come？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What's ________？ Hope you're all having a good week.
②“What if there is no kerosene this winter？” said AI.
“So ________？” she said. “We still have electricity.”
③—They don't say a single word to each other.
—________ come
④—________ is up
—Just tired.
完成句子
⑤_____________ (发生什么事了) Hey, don't look at me with a face like this. I am not your punching bag.
⑥_____________ (怎么会呢) I mean, why wasn't it a joyous moment for you？
up
what
How
What
What's up
How come
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
这位老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
我摔了很多跤，处处都疼。
It is such a little dog that it can't run fast.
这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此的好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.
天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
So excited was Mike that he forgot to bring me the gift.
迈克是如此兴奋，竟然忘记给我带礼物了。
Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticised him.
他犯了如此大的一个错，老师批评了他。
[拓展]
(1)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＝such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数
so difficult a problem＝such a difficult problem
so good a teacher＝such a good teacher
(2)so/such...that...结构中， so/such...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.
②They are ________ interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.
③The works on display there are ________ fantastic that I am deeply impressed.
④He spends ________ much time on computer games that he falls behind his classmates in his study.
a
such
so
so
⑤He seems such a nice man ________ we all believe him.
⑥We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.
⑦It was such a fine day ________ we went out for a walk.
⑧________ well did our group do in the experiment that we were praised.
⑨Such a beautiful gift did he give me ________ I was deeply touched.
that
so
that
So
that
完成句子
⑩There is ___________________________ (杯子里的水太少了以至于) I can't drink any more.
用倒装句改写下列句子
The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
________________________________________________________
so little water in the glass that
So delicious is the food that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)
(教材原句)．
..don't run too fast for the first hour or you won't have enough energy left for the rest of the race.
……第一个小时不要跑得太快，否则你将没有足够的体力来跑完剩下的赛程。
句式分析
该句型中祈使句相当于一个条件，陈述句相当于一个结果，因此可将祈使句改写成一个条件状语从句。例如：
Find ways to praise your children often, and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.想办法经常表扬你的孩子，你会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。(and表示顺承)
Prepare for your final exam ahead of time, or you may fail it.
提前准备一下你的期末考试，否则你可能会不及格。(or表示“否则，不然的话”)
第一句可改写为：If you find ways to praise your children often, you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
第二句可改写为：If you don't prepare for your final exam ahead of time, you may fail it.
[句型拓展]
该句型还有一种变式：“名词词组＋并列连词＋陈述句”。
One step further and you will fall down.
再向前走一步，你就会跌倒。
Follow it up, and you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
继续追查，你将有某种值得考虑的东西占据你的大脑。
Work harder and you will make greater progress．
更加努力，你就会取得更大的进步。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Obey the rules ________ you will get punished.
②________ (practise) more and you will get a higher score.
③Go to bed now ________ you'll be really tired tomorrow.
or
Practise
or
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The dog was about to ________ (咬) a bone when the owner came in.
2．The boy ________ (弹跳) up and down on the trampoline (蹦床).
3．The immune system is our ________ (防守) against disease.
4．The ________ (观众) clapped for 10 seconds for his wonderful performance.
bite
bounced
defence
audience
Ⅱ.短语填空
turn off, be related to, warm up, in case, at least, sign up
1．You should gather your clothes ____________ it rains.
2．Please remind me to ____________ the light when I leave.
3．My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but ____________ he has cut down.
4．The athletes should ____________ before doing some exercise.
5．The secondary carbon footprint ____________ the production.
6．I waited an hour to ____________ for a distance learning course.
in case
turn off
at least
warm up
is related to
sign up
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I am seeking to quit ________ (drink) at the moment in order to keep fit.
2．The native girl smiled suddenly, exposing a set of ________ (amaze) white teeth.
3．The producers should pay attention to the ________ (apply) of the new technology in particular.
4．However, her dad reminded her ________ sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
drinking
amazing
application
that
5．It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member ________ (take) medicine or taking family photos.
6．Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting ________ (bite) by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.
7．I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be otherwise ________ (occupy).
8．The professor was deaf and any talking ____________ (prohibit).
to take
bitten
occupied
was prohibited
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．To be frank, you ______ (应该) seek professional tips from experts.
2．The courses were _________________ (如此有趣以至于) my parents urged me to sign up.
3．___________________ (令……失望的是) the audience, the athlete got an injury in the leg and was defeated in the game.
4．The album always ________ me ________ (使想起) my promise.
5．I will be out for some time. __________ (万一) anything important happens, contact me immediately.
6．The work is tough, but ____________ (至少) the pay is good.
ought to
so interesting that
To the disappointment of
reminds
of
In case
at least
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．在进行仪式时不要中途离开。(祈使句)
_________________________________________________________
2．(我们)待在一起，以防发生其他不寻常的事情。(in case)
_________________________________________________________
3．尽管被蛇咬了，但他仍然显得很镇静。(状语从句的省略)
_________________________________________________________
4．你先热一下身，以防在比赛时受伤。(in case)
_________________________________________________________
Don't leave halfway through the ceremony.
Stay together, in case anything else unusual happens.
Although/Though bitten by a snake, he still looked calm.
Warm up first in case you get injured in the match.Section C Lesson 2 Rules of the Game
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi.& vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹
2．____________ vi.& vt. 停止(做某事)
3．____________ n. 观众；听众
4．____________ n. 腰带，皮带
5．____________ n. 建议，忠告，窍门
6．____________ vi.& vt. 咬
7．____________ n. 状况，场合；事例，实例
8．____________ n. 热身运动，准备活动
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．announce vt.宣布→________ n．通告，公告
2．box v．拳击运动中击打→________ n．拳击(运动)
3．fence n．篱笆→________ n．防守队员，后卫→________ vt.防卫，防御
4．apply v．申请，应用→________ n．申请；申请书；应用
5．amaze vt.使惊愕→________ adj.令人惊异的，了不起的→________ adv.令人惊奇地；了不起地
6．disappoint v．使失望→________ n．失望；扫兴；沮丧→________ adj.令人失望的
7．mind n．头脑，智力，想法，心情；记忆 v．介意，在意→________ vt.使(某人)想起，提醒
8．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的 annuals n．年刊；年鉴→________ adv.每年；一年一次地→________ n．(每年的)纪念日
9．occupy vt.占用；占去(时间)→________ n．职业；占领，占有；居住，占据→________ n．居住者
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．be reminded to do sth. ________________
2．be prohibited from doing sth. ________________
3．turn off the phones ________________
4．put the phones on silence ________________
5．feel disappointed ________________
6．be unprepared for ________________
7．quit the race halfway ________________
8．feel sick ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 关闭闪光灯
2．________________ 以防万一
3．________________ 报名参加……
4．________________ 申请表
5．________________ 感到有点儿紧张
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹；蹦；颠簸行进 n．跳；弹回，跃，弹力)
(教材原句)A player must bounce the ball as he or she moves down the court.球员必须在场上移动时把球弹回来。
bounce along 颠簸前进
bounce off 被……弹开
bounce back 反弹；重整旗鼓；迅速恢复活力
bounce into 以上上下下的动作进入
bounce up and down 蹦蹦跳跳
bounce the ball against the wall 对着墙打球
get on...in a single bounce 一跃跳上……
lose its bounce 失去弹力
jump over...at a bounce 一跃跳过……
The child bounced up and down on the bed.
孩子在床上蹦蹦跳跳。
He bounced the ball against the wall.他对着墙打球。
I bounced the baby on my knee.我把婴儿放在膝上上下颠着。
The new car bounced along the rough mountain road.
这辆新汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶。
The ball will bounce back.这个球会反弹。
She came bouncing into the room.她蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间。
[语境助记]
I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.我跑得太快了，结果被树干弹回来，屁股着地了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ball hit the wall and bounced ________ it.
②We all pile in and bounce ________ dirt roads for a couple of hours.
③We lost two or three early games but we bounced ________．
④The ball bounced ________ the hole beside the tree.
完成句子
⑤He is young enough to ________________ (恢复过来) from this failure.
⑥The car was ________________ (上下颠簸) as if someone were jumping on it.
2)announcement n．通告，公告；宣布；声明 announce vt.宣布；宣告；广播)
(教材原句)．..“an announcement and two conversations about sports”．……“一则公告和两段关于体育的对话”。
(1)make an announcement 发表声明；发布公告
announcement of a peace agreement 和平协议的公布
library announcements 图书馆公告
an official announcement 官方公告
a formal announcement 正式通告
(2)announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事；告诉某人某事
announce to sb. that... 向某人宣布……
Share library announcements on your social media.
在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。
He made the announcement in a speech on television.
他在一次电视讲话中发表了这一声明。
They officially announced the news to the reporters.
他们正式地向记者发布了这条新闻。
Mary announced to her parents that she was going to run for monitor.
玛丽向她父母宣布她准备竞选班长。
The dark clouds announced the coming of a storm.
乌云预示暴风雨就要来临。
She announces three programmes a week.她每周广播三个节目。
It is announced that Professor Wang is coming to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
据说王教授要来做一个关于他在海上冒险的演讲。
As is announced, Professor Wang makes a speech to us once a week.
正如宣布的那样，王教授每周给我们做一次演讲。
[句式]
It is announced that...据宣布……
as is announced正如宣布的那样
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's due in at 6：20 pm, but the ________ (announce) said just now there was a 30 minute delay because of the bad weather.
②The date of the examination will ________ (announce) to all school later in the year.
③He announced ________ us his plan of leaving us.
完成句子
④________________________ (据宣布) new speed restrictions would be introduced.
⑤I've got ____________________________ (一则重要通知要宣布).
3)audience n．观众；听众)
(教材原句)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.
提醒观众关掉手机或把手机调成静音。
a large/small audience 大量观众/少数观众
in front of a live audience 在现场观众面前
hold/seat an audience of... 容纳……观众
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
大多数演讲的目的是使听众受益。
Her lecture attracted a crowded audience.她的演讲吸引了很多听众。
She has addressed the audiences all over the country.
她曾向全国各地的听众发表了演讲。
[说明]
①audience是集合名词，用作主语时，若将其视为整体，其谓语可用单数；若将其视为个体，则谓语要用复数。
②audience是集合名词， an audience不是指“一个观众”，而是指某一群观众，某一个场次或某一方面的观众。同样地， audiences也不是指“多个观众”，而是指多群观众、多个方面的观众等。
such a big audience这么多听众 poor audiences观众人数少
③形容听(观)众人数之多或少，通常用big, huge, mass, wide或small, thin等形容词修饰，但是不用many, few修饰。
a large audience of young people许多年轻听众,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The audience ________ (be) enjoying every minute of the performance.
②The speaker had ________ small audience who listened to him carefully.
③Entertaining ________ (audience) is the aim of movies.
完成句子
④I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them ________________________ (在观众面前).
⑤The audience ________________________ (鼓掌10分钟).
⑥His book reached ________________________ (更广大的观众) when it was made into a movie.
4)defence n．防御；防卫；防守队员，后卫；辩解 defend vt.保护，防卫；辩解，辩护)
(1)in defence of 保护；为了保卫；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
come to one's defence 出来为某人辩护
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
a defence satellite 防御卫星
flood defences 防洪
a defence against... 对……的防御物
(2)defend oneself against an attack from sb. 保卫自己抵御来自某人的攻击
defend one's country against the enemies 保卫国家抵御敌人
defend sb. from sb. else/sth. 保护某人免受他人/他物的伤害
defend one's rights 保护自己的权利
defend oneself with sth. 用某物自卫
defend one's actions/cause/ideas/leader 为自己的行为、事业、想法、领导辩护
defend the goal (against attack) 防守球门
The behaviour of the defence was rather disappointing.
那个后卫的行为相当令人失望。
Offense is the best defence.攻击是最好的防御。
In 1937, the Chinese soldiers had to rise and fight in defence of our country.在1937年，中国士兵被迫站起来战斗来保卫我们国家。
When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
The newspaper defended her against the accusations.
报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。
[拓展] defenceless adj.没加防卫的，不能保护自己的
defend vt.辩护；防护 vi.& vt.保卫；防守
defender n．后卫
be good at defending擅长打防卫
Some players are better at defending.有些运动员更擅长打防卫。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The high wall was built ________ a defence ________ invaders.
②The book is a brilliant ________ (defend) of our policies.
③He had to beat several ________ (defend) to score.
④The immune system is the body's ________ (defend) against infection.
完成句子
⑤我得为她说句话，她先前并不负责此事。
I have to say ________________ that she was not responsible for it beforehand.
⑥They had 3 players ________________ (防守球门) against attack.
5)remind vt.使(某人)想起，提醒 reminder n．提醒人的事物；提示信，通知单)
(教材原句)Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.
提醒观众关掉手机或把手机调成静音。
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. of... 使某人想起……
remind sb. (that) ... 提醒某人……
Be sure to remind her to return early.一定要提醒她早点儿回来。
This song reminds me of Australia.这首歌使我想起了澳大利亚。
Passengers are reminded (that) no smoking is allowed on this train.
旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。
I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!
我是这片森林的国王，这是给你的提醒！
[拓展] 与remind sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有：
warn sb. of sth. 提醒/警告某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；纠正某人的坏习惯
rob sb. of sth. 抢某人的某物
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某事
accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯有……罪
suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人有……罪
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The seventeen year old boy put up a picture of Bill Gates beside the bed to keep himself reminded ________ his own dream.
②He reminds me ________ (lock) up the house when I go out.
③These ruins are a ________ (remind) of the horrors of war.
④We shall inform you ________ the date of our arrival.
⑤We were able to convince the students ________ the need for wider reading.
完成句子
⑥The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top of the mountain will ________________________________ (让你想起我们人类是多么渺小).
6)prohibit vt.禁止；阻止(→prohibition n．禁止；禁令))
(教材原句)You're prohibited from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm.禁止用你的头、肩膀或手臂击打他人。
prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
The police prohibit parking in the city centre.警方禁止在市中心停车。
We prohibit pupils from smoking.我们禁止学生抽烟。
The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.
包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州约90个城市禁止使用这种袋子。
There is evidence that prohibition of plastic bags can work.
有证据显示，禁止塑料袋会起作用。
[拓展] forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事
stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (prohibit) order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.
②His small size prohibits his ________ (become) a policeman.
③He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us ________ leaving.
④The high cost ________ (prohibit) the widespread use of the drug.
7)case n．状况，场合；事例，实例；论据；箱子；案件)
(教材原句)The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.手套和护齿也有帮助，以防发生意外。
in case 以防万一；如果，假使
in no case 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in some cases 在某些情况下
in this/that case 既然这样/那样；在这种/那种情况下
It is often the case that... 通常情况下……
as is often the case (with...) (对……)是常有的事
She argued her case calmly and rationally.
她冷静而又理智地为她的情况辩解。
Could you give us a concrete case？你能不能给我们举个具体的事例？
The judge quotes various cases in support of his opinion.
法官引证了各种论据来支持他的观点。
The case was full of clothes.这箱子满是衣服。
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生把他的电话号码告诉病人，以防他们需要医疗帮助。
In no case can I make an exception to this regulation.
在任何情况下我都不能对这条规定破例。
It may rain tomorrow, but we are going home in any case.
明天可能下雨，但不管怎样，我们打算回家。
In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button.
遇到紧急情况时，击碎玻璃罩并按下按钮。
It is often the case that haste makes waste.欲速则不达是常有的事。
I have known cases where/in which dogs have nipped babies.
我知道一些狗咬婴儿的事例。
I got to the stage where/in which I wasn't coping any more.
到了这个阶段，我已经无法应付了。
[拓展] case＋where定语从句
Let's imagine a case where we disagree.
让我们假设一个我们不同意的情况。
[说明] 在定语从句中，当先行词为case (情况), situation (情况，形势), position (位置，职位), condition (情形，条件), point (境地), stage (境地，阶段)等，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which引导定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is often the case, he is late for school again.
②This time, we stayed together, ________ case anything else unusual happened.
③My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier a five dollar bill to keep on hand ________ case the same happened to someone else.
④Cases ________ which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions.
写出句中case的含义
⑤The ten runners up will receive a case of wine.________
⑥But that is not always the case, sometimes the table can turn.________
⑦The court case will do serious harm to my business.________
完成句子
⑧________________________ (就像生活中经常发生的情况一样), making something that looks easy is very difficult.
⑨________________ (在某些情况下) people have to wait several weeks for such a chance.
⑩________________ (那样的话), I think that I understand your decision and you have my support.
8)annual adj.一年一度的，每年的 n．年刊；一年生植物(→annually adv.每年，一年一次地))
(教材原句)Is this where I sign up for the Annual Fun Run
我是在这里报名参加年度趣味跑吗？
an annual income/magazine/meeting 年收入/年刊/年会
annual output/production 年产量
an annual report/salary 年度报告/年薪
Your birthday is an annual event.你的生日是一年一度的大事。
I looked for Wyman's picture in my high school annual.
我在我的中学年鉴里找过怀曼的照片。
Maybe this year I'll sow brilliant annuals everywhere.
也许今年我会到处种上鲜艳的一年生植物。
There are three books I reread annually.有三本书我每年重读一遍。
They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.
他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must ________ (annual) purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.
②________ annual rainfall of four inches is often used to define the limits of a desert.
写出句中annual的词性及含义
③His essay is copied from a college annual.________
④Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.________
9)application n．[C，U]申请，申请书；应用；应用程序)
(教材原句)Here's your application form...这是你的申请表……
(1)fill in an application form 填写申请表
a job application 求职信
a letter of application 申请信
written application 书面申请
college application 大学(入学)申请
(2)apply...to... 把……应用到……
apply oneself to 致力于/专心于……
apply (to sb.) for... (向某人)申请……
apply to... 适用于……
Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse.
芭芭拉申请护士的工作。
The invention would have wide application in industry.
这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound.
正确的做法是在伤口上施加直接压力。
He has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.
他以极大的精力致力于这项工作。
They applied to other medical institutions for assistance.
他们向其他医疗机构申请援助。
We have had lots of applicants for these positions.
对于这些职位我们已有了很多申请者。
I'm going to take a course in applied mathematics this semester.
我这学期打算学习应用数学课程。
[拓展] apply v．应用；申请；勤奋工作
applicant n．申请人
applied adj.应用的，实用的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She plans to take a course in ________ (apply) linguistics.
②________ (apply) in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution (机构).
③We regret to tell you that your ________ (apply) has not been successful.
④I'd like to make an application ________ a loan.
⑤We had rather few ________ (application) for the job.
⑥This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply ________ each key.
⑦You may apply ________ tickets in person or by letter.
⑧It is difficult to apply oneself ________ a boring task.
⑨Our results suggest that the successful dogs realised that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies ________ an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.
10)quit vi.& vt.停止(做某事)；离开；离任；离校)
quit sb./oneself of... 使某人/自己摆脱……
quit doing sth. 停止做某事
quit as... 辞去……的职务
We soon quitted ourselves of fear.我们很快消除了恐惧。
I'd like to quit myself of any blame in this affair.
我想使自己在这件事中不受任何责备。
He quit studying to take a walk.他停止学习去散步。
If I don't get a pay rise I'll quit.如果不给我加薪我就辞职。
The guard didn't quit his post all night long.卫兵整夜没离岗。
He quit school due to illness.他因病辍学。
[拓展] quit doing sth.停止做某事
quit smoking戒烟
quit one's job辞职
quit the city离开该城市
quit the habit of...放弃……的习惯
[拓展] quit as manager of the team辞去团队经理的职务(此处表示“作为”某种职务而辞职)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What he said didn't quit her ________ fear.
②She relied on tough love to help him quit ________ (drink).
③He ________ (quit) when he realised he could not win.
④He has decided to quit ________ manager of the team.
11)tip n．建议，忠告，窍门；小费；尖端，尖儿)
(教材原句)Any other tips you can give me？你还能给我别的建议吗？
on the tip of sb.'s tongue 话到嘴边
give/offer a tip 付小费，给小费
leave a tip 留小费
the tip of the iceberg (问题的)冰山一角
top tips 主要提示；最佳建议
the tip of her nose 她的鼻尖
a simple tip 简单的窍门
a useful tip 有用的建议
It's common to leave a tip in many Western countries.
在很多西方国家，给小费是很平常的。
His nose is pink at the tip.他的鼻尖是粉红色的。
The title of the article is right on the tip of my tongue.
我就是想不起来那篇文章的标题。
The cases that rise to public attention are only the tip of the iceberg.
引起群众关注的事件只是冰山一角。
[语境助记]
Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.这里有一些建议可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的支持。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her telephone number is right ________ the tip of my tongue.
写出句中tip的含义
②That stick has a metal tip.________
③It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs.________
④Most restaurants now include the tip in the price of the meal.________
12)occupy vt.占用，占去(时间、空间等)；占领，占据；使忙于)
(教材原句)I know you've had lots to occupy your time...
我知道你有很多事情要做……
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己忙于某事
occupy sb./oneself in doing sth. 使某人/自己忙于做某事
(2)keep oneself occupied 使自己充实；让自己别闲着
(3)look for an occupation 找工作
change one's occupation 换工作
choose an occupation 挑选职业
under occupation 在占领下
Some occupied themselves with English study.
有几个人在学英语。
Haas occupied himself in writing his research paper.
哈斯忙于写他的调查报告。
Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
Members of the group occupy positions of power in the country.
那个组织的成员在该国身居要职。
He is occupied in writing a novel.他正忙于小说创作。
The reading room seems to be always well occupied.
阅览室似乎总是坐满了人。
I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业。
[拓展] occupied adj.被占有的，无空闲的
occupation n．职业；占领
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The factory ________ (occupy) four acres of ground.
②He ________ (occupy) in translating an English novel.
③All territory ________ (occupy) by the British at the end of the war was returned to the US.
④Please state your name, age and ________ (occupy) below.
⑤She was occupied ________ the cleaning of the big house.
⑥He occupied himself ________ collecting stamps.
完成句子
⑦I'm afraid that you won't be able to see the doctor for _____________________________ (他今天下午的预约已经排满了).
⑧It's not easy to get over a broken heart, but if you believe that you are strong enough and ________________________ (让自己别闲着), time does the rest.
13)disappointment n．[U]失望；扫兴；沮丧 [C]令人失望的人/物)
(教材原句)It was such a disappointment.真是令人失望。
(1)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
使某人大失所望的是
(2)be disappointed with/in sb./sth. 对某人/事感到失望
be disappointed at (doing) sth. 对(做)某事感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而感到失望
be disappointed that... 因……而感到失望
Much to my disappointment/To my great disappointment, they refused my request.令我非常失望的是，他们拒绝了我的要求。
I'm afraid you're very disappointed with me.恐怕你对我非常失望。
We were disappointed at the results.我们对结果感到失望。
I hate to disappoint you, but I'm just not interested.
我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。
The film was built up to be a masterpiece but I found it very disappointing.这部影片被捧为杰作，可我却大失所望。
[拓展] disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的，令人沮丧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To my ________ (disappoint), nothing has resulted from my efforts.
②Some found the conclusion of the film Titanic very ________ (disappoint).
③I found, much ________ my disappointment, that he didn't finish his work in time.
④The students are disappointed ________ their new maths teacher.
⑤He was disappointed ________ not getting the job, but he'll get over it.
⑥My parents will be ________ (disappoint) with me if I fail the examination.
14)amazingly adv.惊人地，了不起地(→amaze vt.使惊奇 amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的 amazed adj.大为惊奇的 amazement n．吃惊，惊诧))
(教材原句)The team really came together tonight and played amazingly.球队今晚真的很团结，打得很精彩。
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
令某人非常吃惊的是
in amazement 惊异地
with amazement 惊奇地，饶有兴趣地
Amazingly, the building has no heating or air conditioning.
令人惊奇的是，这座建筑没有暖气或空调。
She was an amazingly good cook.她是一个厨艺精湛的厨师。
She is amazingly clever.她极为聪明。
It amazed us to hear that you were leaving.
听到你要走，我们都很吃惊。
It's amazing how soon you adapt.(it作形式主语， how soon引导的从句作真正主语)
你这么快就适应了，真是令人惊奇。
She is amazed that people still risk travelling without insurance.
对于人们在没有保险的情况下仍然冒险去旅行，她很惊愕。
There's an amazed look on his face.
他脸上露出惊讶的表情。
He held up his hand in amazement.
他惊讶地举起了手。
To my amazement, the boy could recite the poem from memory.
令我吃惊的是，那个男孩能把这首诗背出来。
[辨析] (1)in amazement翻译为“在……中”，表示“完全处于惊奇的状态”，作方式状语。如：They listened to the music in amazement．他们(完全)陶醉在音乐中。
with amazement翻译成“惊奇地”，“饶有兴致地”，修饰动词时使用。如：
They observed the vase in exhibition with amazement．
他们饶有兴致地观赏着展会上的花瓶。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (amazing), Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before.
②________ (amaze) at my classmates' fluent spoken English, I was determined to be as good as they were.
③What ________ (amaze) me is how long she managed to hide it from us.
④She was shaking with fear, while the two men were looking at her in ________ (amaze).
⑤It was one of the most ________ (amaze) films I've ever seen.
⑥Much to his ________ (amaze), she liked the idea.
第二版块|重要短语讲解
(1) sign up报名；签约雇用；注册
(教材原句)Is this where I sign up for the Annual Fun Run
我是在这里报名参加年度趣味跑吗？
sign up for 报名参加……
sign up for the course 报名参加该课程
sign up for a new email account 注册一个新电子邮件账号
sign up online for language classes 在网上报名参加语言课程
sign up to do sth. 报名做某事
Lucy decided to sign up for yoga classes.露西决定报名上瑜伽课。
They manage to sign up all the best performers.
他们设法跟所有最佳演员签约。
Many men sign up for the army out of respect for the soldiers.
许多男人出于对军人的尊敬而报名参军。
This was one of the first companies to sign up to make smartphones.
这家是首批签约生产智能手机的公司之一。
The company has signed up three top models for the fashion show.
为了时装表演，公司签约聘用了三位顶尖模特儿。
[拓展] sign in签到
sign out签退
sign sb. up for...签约聘用某人参加……
sign the letter在信上签字
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You can sign up ________ an appointment on the sign up sheet outside the door.
②You just sign up ________ (be) on the team of whoever you can gather.
③He signed ________ as a flight attendant with Korean Air.
2)ought to aux.应该，应当)
(教材原句)And I suppose I ought to get a big breakfast before, right？我想我应该提前吃一顿丰盛的早餐，对吧？
ought to do sth. 应该做某事
ought not to do sth. 不应该做某事
ought to have done sth. 过去本该做某事(而没有做)
ought not to have done sth. 过去本不该做某事(但已做)
You ought to have a haircut.你该去剪发了。
You oughtn't to forget something so important.
你不应该忘记这么重要的事情。
You ought to have told me that yesterday.
那件事你本应昨天就告诉我。(但实际没告诉我)
You oughtn't to have told me that yesterday.
你昨天本不该告诉我那件事儿。(但实际昨天告诉我那件事儿了)
[误区警示]
(1)ought to是情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，用法与should基本相同。
(2)ought to的否定式是ought not to或oughtn't to，疑问式是把ought放在主语前。
Ought the food to be enough for the four of us
这些食物够我们四个人吃吗？
(3)陈述句谓语动词含有ought to时，反意疑问句句式结构为“ought＋主格人称代词”或“oughtn't＋主格人称代词”。
He oughtn't to speak in class, ought he？他上课不应该讲话，是吗？
[比较] ought to/should
·ought to多反映一种客观情况。
·should多表示说话者的一种主观看法。
本应该做某事(实际上并没有做)：
should have done sth.
ought to have done sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Children ought to ________ (be) able to read by the age of 7.
②You ought to ________ (come) to the meeting. It was interesting.
③Such things ought not to ________ (allow).
④I ought not to ________ (mention) the subject at the conference.
完成句子
⑤You ________________________________ (本不应该把书带出) the reading room.
⑥He ________________________________ (本该到达这所房子了) some time ago.
⑦The company ought to do something about the poor service, ________________ (不是吗)
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)What's up？怎么了？)
(教材原句)What's up？怎么了？/出什么事了？
句式分析
(1)“What's up？”常用作熟人之间打招呼时的问候语，相当于“What's new？/What's update？”，即汉语中的“最近咋样？”“最近有啥新鲜事？”。答语往往有：
Nothing much/Nothing.还行。 Nothing new.没什么新鲜事。
Not much.还行。 Not a lot.没太多新鲜事。
The usual.老样子。
(2)如果想要跟对方多聊聊，还可以用“What's up with you？”反问对方，类似中国人的寒暄：
A: Hey, what's up, man？嘿，怎么样，伙计？
B: Oh, not much. What's up with you？哦，还行。你呢？
A: Same here.我也一样。
Hello, Betty. What's up What are you doing in the library
你好，贝蒂。怎么了？你在图书馆干什么？
What's up for today You are really dressed up today.
今天做什么呢？你今天穿得好正式。
[常用表达] What for？为什么？
So what？那又怎么样？(认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时)
How come？怎么会呢？(表示惊讶)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What's ________？ Hope you're all having a good week.
②“What if there is no kerosene this winter？” said AI.
“So ________？” she said. “We still have electricity.”
③—They don't say a single word to each other.
—________ come
④—________ is up
—Just tired.
完成句子
⑤____________________________ (发生什么事了) Hey, don't look at me with a face like this. I am not your punching bag.
⑥____________________________ (怎么会呢) I mean, why wasn't it a joyous moment for you？
2)so...that如此……以至于(引导结果状语从句))
(教材原句)I was so unprepared for my first run that I hurt myself and had to quit the race halfway.我在第一次赛跑时是如此缺乏准备，以至于弄伤了自己，不得不中途退赛。
(1)so是副词，其后跟形容词或副词。具体形式：
so＋＋that...
(2)such...that也表示“如此……以至于”，但such修饰名词。具体形式：
such＋＋that...
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
这位老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
我摔了很多跤，处处都疼。
It is such a little dog that it can't run fast.
这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此的好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.
天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
So excited was Mike that he forgot to bring me the gift.
迈克是如此兴奋，竟然忘记给我带礼物了。
Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticised him.
他犯了如此大的一个错，老师批评了他。
[拓展]
(1)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＝such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数
so difficult a problem＝such a difficult problem
so good a teacher＝such a good teacher
(2)so/such...that...结构中， so/such...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.
②They are ________ interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.
③The works on display there are ________ fantastic that I am deeply impressed.
④He spends ________ much time on computer games that he falls behind his classmates in his study.
⑤He seems such a nice man ________ we all believe him.
⑥We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.
⑦It was such a fine day ________ we went out for a walk.
⑧________ well did our group do in the experiment that we were praised.
⑨Such a beautiful gift did he give me ________ I was deeply touched.
完成句子
⑩There is __________________________________________ (杯子里的水太少了以至于) I can't drink any more.
用倒装句改写下列句子
The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句)
(教材原句)．..don't run too fast for the first hour or you won't have enough energy left for the rest of the race.……第一个小时不要跑得太快，否则你将没有足够的体力来跑完剩下的赛程。
句式分析 该句型中祈使句相当于一个条件，陈述句相当于一个结果，因此可将祈使句改写成一个条件状语从句。例如：
Find ways to praise your children often, and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.想办法经常表扬你的孩子，你会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。(and表示顺承)
Prepare for your final exam ahead of time, or you may fail it.
提前准备一下你的期末考试，否则你可能会不及格。(or表示“否则，不然的话”)
第一句可改写为：If you find ways to praise your children often, you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
第二句可改写为：If you don't prepare for your final exam ahead of time, you may fail it.,[句型拓展] 该句型还有一种变式：“名词词组＋并列连词＋陈述句”。
One step further and you will fall down.再向前走一步，你就会跌倒。
Follow it up, and you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
继续追查，你将有某种值得考虑的东西占据你的大脑。
Work harder and you will make greater progress．更加努力，你就会取得更大的进步。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Obey the rules ________ you will get punished.
②________ (practise) more and you will get a higher score.
③Go to bed now ________ you'll be really tired tomorrow.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The dog was about to ________ (咬) a bone when the owner came in.
2．The boy ________ (弹跳) up and down on the trampoline (蹦床).
3．The immune system is our ________ (防守) against disease.
4．The ________ (观众) clapped for 10 seconds for his wonderful performance.
Ⅱ.短语填空
turn off, be related to, warm up, in case, at least, sign up
1．You should gather your clothes ____________ it rains.
2．Please remind me to ____________ the light when I leave.
3．My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but ____________ he has cut down.
4．The athletes should ____________ before doing some exercise.
5．The secondary carbon footprint ____________ the production.
6．I waited an hour to ____________ for a distance learning course.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I am seeking to quit ________ (drink) at the moment in order to keep fit.
2．The native girl smiled suddenly, exposing a set of ________ (amaze) white teeth.
3．The producers should pay attention to the ________ (apply) of the new technology in particular.
4．However, her dad reminded her ________ sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
5．It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member ________ (take) medicine or taking family photos.
6．Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting ________ (bite) by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.
7．I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be otherwise ________ (occupy).
8．The professor was deaf and any talking ________ (prohibit).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．To be frank, you ________________ (应该) seek professional tips from experts.
2．The courses were ________________ (如此有趣以至于) my parents urged me to sign up.
3．________________ (令……失望的是) the audience, the athlete got an injury in the leg and was defeated in the game.
4．The album always ________ me ________ (使想起) my promise.
5．I will be out for some time. ________________ (万一) anything important happens, contact me immediately.
6．The work is tough, but ________________ (至少) the pay is good.
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．在进行仪式时不要中途离开。(祈使句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．(我们)待在一起，以防发生其他不寻常的事情。(in case)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．尽管被蛇咬了，但他仍然显得很镇静。(状语从句的省略)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．你先热一下身，以防在比赛时受伤。(in case)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(共121张PPT)
Section D Lesson 3 Running and Fitness
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 好处，益处 vt.& vi. 有益于，得益于
2．________________ vi. 流，流动 n. 流动
3．________________ n. 隐痛 v. 疼痛；隐痛
4．________________ vi.& vt. 点击(鼠标)
n. (对计算机鼠标的)单击(声)
5．________________ n. 汗水 v. 出汗，流汗
6．________________ adj. 困难的，难办的
7．________________ n. 原则，基本的观念；方针；准则
8．________________ n. 王子
________________ adj. 重要的 n. 校长；社长
9．________________ n. 肌肉
10．________________ n. 氧
benefit
flow
ache
click
sweat
tough
principle
prince
principal
muscle
oxygen
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．relieve vt.减轻，缓解→________ n．减轻，缓解
2．week n．周→________ adj.一周一次的，每周的
3．particular n．尤其，特别 adj.特定的→___________ adv.尤其，特别
4．member n．会员→___________ n．会员身份
5．equip vt.装备；使有能力→________ n．设备，装备
6．cap vt.胜过，超过→________ adj.能干的；能力强的
relief
weekly
particularly
membership
equipment
capable
7．prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡→________ n．预防；阻止，阻挡
8．up adv.& prep.向上；朝，在→________ adj.较上的，上面的
9．achieve v．达到，完成→__________ adj.可完成的；做得成的
10．satisfy v．使满意→___________ n．满足，满意
11．do v．做→________ vt.把……做得过火
12．detail n．细节→________ adj.详细的；细致的；精细的
13．guide＋line→________ n．指导方针，指导原则
14．short＋cut→________ n．捷径，近路
prevention
upper
achievable
satisfaction
overdo
detailed
guideline
shortcut
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．get in shape ________________
2．stay healthy ________________
3．relieve tension ________________
4．strengthen one's immune system ________________
5．cheer up ________________
6．in particular ________________
7．keep up ________________
8．be capable of ________________
9．prevent diseases ________________
10．as well as ________________
11．cool down ________________
保持身材
保持健康
缓解紧张情绪
增强某人的免疫系统
(使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来
尤其，特别
坚持下去
有能力做
预防疾病
此外，还有，也
放松(主要做一些拉伸动作)
12．jog slowly for ten minutes ________________
13．relax one's body ________________
14．principles of running ________________
15．scan for specific information ________________
16．draw up a training plan ________________
17．need special equipment ________________
18．increase the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain ___________
19．do the right amount ________________
20．give good upper and lower body strength ________________
21．after all ________________
22．Everything is possible! ________________
慢跑10分钟
放松身体
跑步原则
浏览以寻找具体的信息
制订训练计划
需要特殊设备
增加血液流通并
向大脑输送氧气
运动适度
增强身体上下肢力量
毕竟；终究
一切皆有可能！
(B)写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．______________________ 变得健康
2．______________________ 减少健康问题
3．______________________ 厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的
4．______________________ 感到难堪
5．______________________ 运动总比不运动好
6．______________________ 常见疾病
7．______________________ 感到沮丧
8．______________________ 由于压力
9．______________________ 对……不熟悉/陌生
10．_____________________ 热身(主要做一些舒展动作)
get fit
reduce health problems
be fed up with
feel awkward
any exercise is better than none
common illnesses
feel down
due to stress
be new to
warm up
11．_______________________ 树立可行的目标
12．_______________________ 确保
13．_______________________ 最后
14．_______________________ (＝take a break)休息
15．_______________________ 对……有坏处
16．_______________________ 减轻疼痛或紧张
17．_______________________ 进入大学
18．_______________________ 一直
19．_______________________ 消磨时光
20．_______________________ 没有什么比……好
set achievable goals
make sure
in the end
take breaks
be bad for
provide relief from aches or tension
get into university
all the time
kill time
nothing better than...
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following is not the benefits of running
A.It will help people get fit.
B.It will increase the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart.
C.It will strengthen people's immune system.
D.It will help people who are upset cheer up.
B
2．What should you do to be a runner
A.Have a gym membership.
B.Have some special equipment such as a running machine.
C.Have a pair of good running shoes.
D.Keep on running for thirty minutes every day.
C
3．Which of the following is not right according to this passage
A.Running can help to reduce the risk of some serious health problems.
B.Running can keep people energetic and relieve stress.
C.It is necessary to warm up and cool down before and after running.
D.If you are tired, you can stop running immediately to have a rest.
D
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A.Any exercise is better than none.
B.Long distance running will benefit a lot.
C.How to be a runner.
D.The advice to a new runner.
B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As people often say, any exercise is 1.________ (good) than none, but long distance running 2.________ particular has a lot of 3.________ (benefit).
It is a great sport for beginners—4.________ you need is just a pair of good running shoes. Then, keep it up.
better
in
benefits
all/what
Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases. It will benefit your heart and brain a lot. It also 5.___________ (strength) your immune system and reduces the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses like colds. Besides, anybody 6.________ is feeling down can go for a run 7.________ (cheer) themselves up.
If you are new to running, here 8.________ (be) some advice for you—it is important to warm up and cool down 9.________ (proper) before and after running，so you do not hurt 10.________ (you).
strengthens
who
to cheer
is
properly
yourself
[教材原文]
Hi Jeremy，
Thanks for your question. As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long distance running in particular① has a lot of benefits②.
It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership③ or any special equipment④. Just a pair of good running shoes will do. Then, keep it up⑤. There is also no better[1] way to⑥ know yourself and to see what you are capable of⑦.
You are also somebody who worries about⑧ getting sick [2]. Running will help you get fit⑨ and prevent⑩ diseases . It will give you good upper and lower body strength. Like any exercise, running increases the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain. It makes your heart stronger and allows more blood to flow around your body. It also strengthens your immune system and reduces the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses like colds. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up . Even a thirty minute run will provide relief from aches【B21】 or tension that you may be suffering[3] due to 【B22】 stress.
[2]who引导定语从句，修饰somebody
[3]that引导定语从句，修饰aches or tension
If you are new to【B23】 running, here is some advice for you—it is important to warm up【B24】 and cool down【B25】 properly before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm up gets your blood flowing faster and prepares your body before you exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly for ten minutes, then walk for five minutes. Such kind of warm down relaxes your body after exercise.
For more guidelines【B26】 on running, click【B27】 here. I hope this will help[4]!
Best Regards，
Dr. Martin
①in particular尤其，特别
※particular/p 't kj l /n.
尤其，特别 adj. 特定的
②benefit/'ben f t/n. 好处，益处
③membership/'memb p/n.会员身份
④equipment/ 'kw pm nt/n.设备，装备
⑤keep up坚持下去，继续下去
⑥a way to do sth.做某事的方法
※a way of doing sth.做某事的方法
⑦be capable of有能力做
※capable/'ke p b l/adj. 能干的；能力强的
⑧worry about担心
⑨get fit变得健康
※keep fit保持健康
⑩prevent/pr 'vent/vt.预防；阻止，阻挡
※prevent...from...阻止……做……
disease/d 'zi z/n.疾病
※prevent diseases预防疾病
upper/' p /adj.较上的，上面的
※lower adj.下面的，下方的
flow/fl /vi.流，流动 n.流动
oxygen/' ks d n/n. 氧
allow sth. to...允许某物……
immune system免疫系统
※immune/ 'mju n/adj.免疫的；有免疫力的
system/'s st m/n.系统
as well as也，此外
go for a run去跑步
cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
※cheer oneself up让自己振作起来
relief/r 'li f/n.减轻，缓解
※provide relief from...缓解……
[汉语译文]
嗨！杰瑞米：
感谢你的问题。正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别(in particular)是长跑有很多益处(benefit)。
对于初学者来说，这是一项很棒的运动，你不需要健身房会员(membership)或任何特殊的设备(equipment)。只要一双好跑鞋就行了。然后，坚持。跑步是了解自己最好的方法，看看自己能做到(be capable of)哪一步。
你像很多人一样，也担心自己有生病的风险。跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防(prevent)疾病(disease)。它会让你拥有很棒的上(upper)肢和下肢力量。像任何运动一样，跑步会增加血液流通(flow)并向大脑输送氧气(oxygen)。它让你的心脏更强壮，并加速血液流动。它还能强化你的免疫系统(immune system)，降低患严重健康问题的风险，以及患常见疾病的几率，例如感冒。此外，心情低落的人会选择跑步让自己振作起来(cheer up)。即使跑30分钟也能缓解(relief)你因压力而感到的疼痛(ache)或紧张。
如果你刚开始跑步，我有一些建议给你——跑步前和跑步后做适当的热身和放松活动很重要，这样你就不会伤到自己。热身会促进血液更快地流动，在运动前让你的身体做好准备。长跑后，你应该再慢跑十分钟，然后步行五分钟。这种舒缓运动可以使身体在运动后得到放松。
有关跑步的更多指导(guideline)，请点击(click)此处。希望能有所帮助！
致以最好的问候，
马丁博士
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)relieve vt.减轻，缓解；解除；使宽心，使宽慰 relief n．减轻，缓解；宽慰)
(教材原句)to relieve tension缓解紧张
(1)relieve stress 减轻压力
relieve pain 缓解疼痛
relieve the symptoms of a cold 减轻感冒症状
(2)relieve...from... 从……中解除/减轻……
be relieved to do sth. 因做某事而感到欣慰
(sb.) be relieved that... ……(某人)感到宽慰/放心
(3)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
with relief 欣慰地
to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
give sb. relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦
for the relief of... 为了救济……；为了减轻……
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
disaster relief 赈灾
relief work 救济工作
Write home as often as possible so as to relieve your mother from anxiety.
尽量多给家里写信，免得你母亲牵肠挂肚。
We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.
听说她脱险了，我们的心才放下来。
This medicine will relieve your headache.
这药将减轻你的头痛。
Mother was relieved that you had come back safely.
你平安归来了，妈妈感到宽慰了。
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.
能在最后讲出真话似乎让她倍感轻松。
She smiled in relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.
听说她的儿子被清华大学录取了，她如释重负地笑了。
It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop halfway.
这让我松了一口气，在半路突然停了下来。
[联想]
relieve v. →relief n．宽慰
believe v．→belief n．信任
[句式]
It is a relief to do sth.做某事令人欣慰。
What a relief！终于放心了！/可轻松了！
[特别提醒]
to one's relief使某人欣慰的是，为了强调，可在to前面加much或者在relief前面加great，意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。相同用法的词还有surprise, joy, regret等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He ___________ (relieve) of his post.
②She seemed ___________ (relieve) that things were better.
③I was relieved ________ (see) them back.
④The novels may relieve me ________ stress, but I should have focused on study.
⑤________ her relief, her younger brother recovered quickly after the operation.
was relieved
relieved
to see
from
To
完成句子
⑥世界粮食计划署的一个功能是缓解世界范围的饥饿。
One of the functions of the World Food Programme is __________ worldwide starvation.
⑦这能减轻你的压力，不必总想着逗她开心。
This can ____________________ on you to provide entertainment for her.
⑧认识洛依德医生也是极大的安慰，里德太太请他为她的仆人们看病。
It was also ____________________ recognize Dr Lloyd, who Mrs Reed called in for her servants.
to relieve
relieve the pressure
a great relief to
The wind strengthened during the night.
夜里风刮得更大了。
Cycling is good exercise. It strengthens all the muscles of the body.
骑自行车是好的锻炼。它使全身肌肉变得强健。
We will strengthen the protection of wetland.
我们将加强湿地保护。
Your words strengthened my courage.
你的话增强了我的勇气。
He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
他用全力推那块石头。
These were the strengths and weaknesses of his argument.
这些就是他的论点的长处和弱点。
[归纳梳理] 构词法：后缀 en构成动词的用法
n./adj.＋ en→v.(使……；使……变成)
strength n．力量→strengthen v．(使)强健；加强
length n．长度→lengthen v．(使)变长
fright n．恐怖；惊吓→frighten vt.使惊吓
weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v．(使)变弱；削弱；减弱
deep adj.深的→deepen v．加深
wide adj.宽的→widen v．加宽
sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen v．(使)变锋利
loose adj.疏松的；宽松的→loosen v．变松；松开
short adj.短的→shorten v．(使)变短
quick adj.快的→quicken v．(使)加快
dark adj.黑暗的→darken v．(使)变暗，变黑
broad adj.宽的→broaden v．(使)变宽
[注意] 也有用形容词比较级形式加 en构成动词的，如：lessen减弱
worsen恶化，(使)变得更坏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (strength) self discipline and be smart online learners.
②His back ____________ (strengthen) with exercise.
③The bridge must ____________ (strengthen).
④Now that you've listed your ____________ (strength), list your imperfections (缺点).
⑤Write a poem about how courage, determination, and ________ (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.
⑥The ________ (long) of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
⑦He threatened the intruders with a gun and ________ (fright) them off.
⑧The project would ________ (deep) the river from 400 to 45 feet, to allow for larger ships.
Strengthen
strengthened
be strengthened
strengths
strength
length
frightened
deepen
3)weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的 n．周刊，周报 adv.每周；一周一次)
(教材原句)I do two weekly runs.我每周跑步两次。
weekly magazine/newspaper/report 周刊/周报/每周报告
entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐
English Weekly 英语周报
weekly wage 周薪
He writes a weekly email to his parents.
他每周给父母写一封邮件。
I take in two dailies and one weekly.
我订阅两份日报和一份周刊。
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.记录并每周评估一次。
Employees are paid weekly.雇员按周领工资。
[归纳梳理]
daily adj.日常的；每天的；按日的 n．日报 adv.每天
monthly adj.每月的；按月计的 n．月刊 adv.每月一次
yearly adj.每年(一次)的；年度的 adv.每年；一年一度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We go and do the ________ (week) shopping every Thursday.
②The publishers planned to produce the journal on a ________ (week) basis.
③The seven major industrial countries will have their ________ (year) meeting in London.
④You can be paid in cash ________ (week) or by cheque ________ (month); those are the two alternatives.
weekly
weekly
yearly
weekly
monthly
4)awkward adj.令人尴尬的；笨拙的；别扭的；难对付的 awkwardly adv.尴尬的；笨拙地 awkwardness n．尴尬；笨拙)
(教材原句)And I feel awkward failing PE exams.
体育课不及格让我为难。
an awkward question 棘手的问题
an awkward silence 令人尴尬的沉默
an awkward situation 尴尬的境地
an awkward instrument 使用不便的工具
an awkward customer 难对付的顾客
an awkward child (动作)笨拙的孩子
an awkward excuse 拙劣的借口
She was awkward about giving us further credit.
她为给我们进一步地增加贷款而为难。
He stood awkwardly in the doorway, not sure what to say.
他尴尬地站在门口，不知道该说什么。
She laughed to cover up her feeling of awkwardness.
她用笑声掩饰她的难堪。
[拓展]
feel awkward感到尴尬
be/feel awkward about对……感到不自在
be awkward with与……一起感到不自在
be awkward at/in在……方面技巧拙劣
put sb. in an awkward position使某人处于尴尬的境地
[语境助记]
Your decision puts me in an awkward position.
你的决定把我弄得很尴尬。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There was a time when people may have felt awkward ________ asking for a table for one, but those days are over.
②In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light hearted apology to explain your ____________ (awkward).
③We really have been put in ________ awkward position because of this.
④He laughs a little ________ (awkward), and it's easy to see why he's worried.
about
awkwardness
an
awkwardly
5)particular n．细节；详情 adj.特定的；不寻常的，特别的；讲究的，挑剔的)
(教材原句)．..but long distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.……特别是长跑有很多益处。
in particular＝particularly 尤其，特别
be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔
be particular to... 是……特有的
something/nothing particular 特别的事/没什么特别的事
a particular smell 特殊气味
be particular about clothes 对衣着很讲究
be particular about economic benefits 讲究经济效益
be particular to the tropics 热带地区特有的
She likes fruit and apples in particular.
她喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。
The British are rather particular about table manners.
英国人对餐桌礼仪是十分讲究的。
Ted was very particular about the colours he used.
泰德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
[拓展]
particularly adv.特别，尤其
particularity n．特性；个性；讲究
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Why should he notice her car ________ particular
②Mr Chen is quite particular ________ his ties.
③Keep your office space looking good, ________ (particular) your desk.
④Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its ________ (particular), early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
in
about
particularly
particulars
6)benefit n．好处，益处 vt.使受益，对……有用 vi.有益于，得益于→beneficial adj.有益的)
(1)be of benefit to (＝be beneficial to) 对……有好处
for the benefit of (＝for one's benefit) 为了……的利益
(2)A benefits B A对B有益
B benefits from A B从A中获益
(3)be beneficial to... 对……有益
The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
新规章将使所有相关人员受益。
It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.
我们那样做都是为了你们公司的利益。
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新医院会给这个镇带来极大的好处。
The new hospital will benefit the entire community.
新医院将有益于整个社区。
Going to school would benefit him.＝He would benefit from going to school.上学对他有好处。
A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
[一言助记]
I suggest you give up smoking for the benefit of your health. I believe that giving up smoking will be of benefit/be beneficial to you and it will also benefit your family a lot. In other words, your family will benefit from your stopping smoking. Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial to them.
为了你的健康，我建议你戒烟。我相信戒烟对你和你的家人都大有好处。换句话说，你的家人将从你的戒烟中受益。特别是重度吸烟者会发现这种经历对他们更有益。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Race walking shares many fitness ________ (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
②We benefited greatly ________ this frank talk.
③It can be ________ (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust.
④There is no doubt that being honest is ________ the benefit of the country and the individual.
⑤Sunshine is beneficial ________ health.
⑥The cause of education is ________ benefit to the people.
⑦That the mental health benefits ________ music can't be argued.
benefits
from
beneficial
for
to
of
from
完成句子
⑧You need people working ____________________ (为了……的利益) the community.
⑨She made a good suggestion which ____________________________________________________ (对同学们有益), so we have adopted it.
for the benefit of
is of benefit to the classmates/is beneficial to the classmates
7)equipment n．[U]设备，装备 equip vt.装备；具备；使有所准备/使有能力)
(教材原句)It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.对于初学者来说，这是一项很棒的运动，你不需要健身房会员或任何特殊的设备。
(1)set up the equipment 安装设备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
camping equipment 露营装备
office equipment 办公室设备
computer equipment 计算机设备
medical equipment 医疗设备
necessary equipment 必要的设备
(2)equip sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人/某物具备条件做某事
equip for... 为……做准备
equip sb. for sth. 使某人能胜任某事
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
be equipped with... 配备……(表示状态)
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人能够得到治疗。
This factory has imported a piece of equipment this year.
这家工厂今年进口了一台设备。
Your education will equip you to earn a good living.
你所受的教育将使你过上好日子。
The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
He is equipped with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。
[误区警示] equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。表示数量时，借用量词piece, a piece of equipment表示“一件设备”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They are equipping themselves ________ a journey.
②Please equip yourself ________ a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③Owners of restaurants would have to equip them ________ (admit) disabled people.
④Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary __________ (equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
⑤They ___________ (equip) with new scientific farming ways, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
完成句子
⑥At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to ___________________ (具有……的能力) to recognise different facial expressions in humans.
for
with
to admit
equipment
are equipped
be equipped with the ability
Only human beings are capable of speech.
只有人类才具有说话的能力。
The car is capable of carrying five persons.
这辆汽车可搭载5人。
She's a very capable speaker.
她是一个非常有能力的演说者。
As a scientist, he has the capability of doing important research.
作为一名科学家，他有能力从事重大的研究工作。
He had no capability to deal with the matter.
他没有能力处理那件事。
The engineer explained the plane's technical capabilities.
工程师讲解了该飞机的技术性能。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①No one ever questioned her ________ (capable).
②Anne was intelligent and capable ____ passing her exams with ease.
③You have the capability ________ (do) this job well.
④Most children are able ________ (walk) before they are able to talk.
⑤He is a manager having ________ capability of leadership.
⑥It was all dealt with very ________ (capable) by the police and security people.
⑦Her ________ (capable) were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.
capability
of
to do
to walk
the
capably
capabilities
9)prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡(→prevention n．预防；阻止；妨碍 preventive adj.预防性的，防备的))
(教材原句)Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.
跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防疾病。
prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
和往常一样，你应该在每次跑步前伸展至少十分钟，以防受伤。
A squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
在香蕉上挤一点儿新鲜的柠檬汁将会防止香蕉变成褐色。
We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school independently.
可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法独立去上学。
Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。
This accident serves to show the importance of taking preventive measures.这次事故说明了采取预防措施的重要性。
[误区警示]
(1)以上三个短语用于主动语态时，keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为keep...doing...表示“使……一直做……”。
(2)用于被动语态时，以上三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They ____________ (prevent) from entering the building.
②The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster ___________ (prevent).
③We must take ________ (prevent) measures to reduce crime in the area.
④At night vehicles were stopped ________ entering the city centre.
⑤Don't let the drive for perfection keep you ________ doing something great.
完成句子
⑥I have come now, and I hope I haven't ________________________ (让您等太久)！
were prevented
prevention
preventive
from
from
kept you waiting too long
10)ache n．隐痛；(身体某部位的)疼痛 v．隐痛，疼痛；渴望 aching adj.疼痛的)
(教材原句)Even a thirty minute run will provide relief from aches or tension...即使跑30分钟也能缓解疼痛或紧张……
(1)a headache 头疼
a toothache 牙疼
a stomach ache 胃痛
the ache of his loneliness 他的孤寂之苦
(2)ache for 渴望得到；想念
ache to do sth. 渴望做某事
She felt an ache in her back.
她感到后背隐隐作痛。
The little girl aches for her mother's love.
这个小女孩渴望得到妈妈的爱。
He is aching for his mother.
他想念他的妈妈。
She is aching to join in the game.
她渴望参加比赛。
After climbing the mountain, I ached all over.
爬山以后，我感觉周身疼痛。
I laid my aching head back on the pillow and closed my eyes.
我又把阵阵疼痛的头靠在枕头上，闭上了眼。
[比较] ache/pain
·ache指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。ache可以和表示身体一部分的名词构成复合词，如toothache, stomachache, backache, headache等；
·pain可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was aching ________ (tell) you all my news.
②She ________ (ache) at the thought of what might happen to her husband.
③The children ached ________ a sight of the parade.
④He suffered from his ________ (ache) teeth.
选词填空：pain/ache
⑤Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of ________．
⑥If I hold it for an hour, I'll have a(n) ________ in my arm.
to tell
ached
for
aching
pain
ache
11)detail n．细节；资料[pl.]vt.详述；详细说明(→detailed adj.详细的，细致的))
in detail＝detailedly 详细地
go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明
have an eye for detail 善于捕捉细节
If you're interested in the job, I'll send you all the details.
如果你对这份工作感兴趣，我将寄给你全部的资料。
Could you detail all your expenses on this form
你能把各项开支列在这张表格上吗？
Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keeping the peace.
双方都同意维护和平的详细方案。
The meeting was too short to go into detail about the project.
这个会议过于简短，未涉及该项目的细节。
We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.在制订计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。
Do not give any technical details about/of the product at this stage.在本阶段不要透露此产品任何技术细节。
[误区警示]
detail作“(某事物的)资料，信息”讲时，常用复数形式。
full details详情
give details about透露……的消息
further/more details更进一步的/更多的信息
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He doesn't wish to go ________ detail about all the events of those days.
②We examine the wording ________ detail before deciding on the final text.
③The ________ (detail) of the plan are still being worked out.
④Yesterday's letter contains a ________ (detail) account of the decisions.
⑤He ________ (detail) my new duties to me this morning.
into
in
details
detailed
detailed
12)overnight adv.突然，一下子；在晚上 adj.晚上的；很快的)
(教材原句)There are no shortcuts—no one can become a long distance runner overnight！跑步没有捷径——没有人能在一夜之间成为长跑选手！
rise/shoot to fame overnight 一夜之间成名
change overnight 一夜之间改变
overnight success 突然间的成功
an overnight millionaire 暴发户
This development did not take place overnight.
这一发展不是一夜之间发生的。
After staying overnight in Beijing, we visited the Great Wall.
在北京过夜后，我们参观了长城。
She took the overnight train to New York.
她乘晚上的火车去纽约。
The show was an overnight success on Broadway.
在百老汇的这场演出一炮打响。
[即学即练] 写出句中overnight的词性及含义
①The actress won overnight fame with her first film.____________
②His plans were transformed overnight into reality.____________
③I stayed overnight at a friend's house.____________
完成句子
④Many people in the film industry dream of ______________________
(一夜成名).
形容词，很快的
副词，一下子
副词，在晚上
rising/shooting to fame overnight
13)achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的[→achieve vt.实现；(尤指经过努力)取得，达到 achievement n．[C]成就，功绩，成绩；[U]达到，完成])
(教材原句)Set achievable goals.设定能达到的目标。
(1)achieve success 获得成功
achieve one's goal/aim 达到某人的目标
(2)make an achievement in... 在……方面取得成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
Goals should be focused on what is achievable.
目标应着眼于能实现的事。
It's often a good idea to start with smaller, easily achievable goals.
比较小的、容易实现的目标做开端往往是个好主意。
You can only achieve success through hard work.
你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
Asian people can also make some achievements in track and field.
亚洲人也可以在田径领域取得一些成就。
Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement.
独自抚养一个孩子应该会给你成就感。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A 50% market share is ________ (achieve).
②It was a remarkable ___________ (achieve) for such a young player.
③This is ________ achievement without equal in modern times.
④I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but ________ (achieve) goals.
⑤I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, ________ (achieve) the black and white image.
achievable
achievement
an
achievable
to achieve
14)amount n．数量，数额 vi.总计；等于)
(1)a large/small amount of (＋不可数名词) 大量/少量的……
the amount of (＋不可数名词) ……的数量
in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
reduce the amount of fat 减少脂肪量
in amount 在数量上；总之，总计
(2)amount to 合计；总共达到；等于；等同于
He needs that amount of money to survive.
他需要那笔钱来维持生活。
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.
胖版的和瘦版的演员都吃了大量的食物。
The total cost of repairs amounted to 100 dollars.
修理费用总计一百美元。
This amounts to doing the whole thing over again.
这就等于要把整个事情重做一遍。
Your information is large in amount but poor in quality.
你的资料量多质差。
But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined.
但是每次阅读所花费的时间已经减少了。
He withdraws money from the bank in large amounts.
他从银行里取出一大笔钱。
A large amount of money has been spent on the building.
一大笔钱已花在那栋楼上。
Large amounts of money have been spent on the building.
大笔钱已花在那栋楼上。
[误区警示]
a large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词
谓语动词的数与amount的单数复数形式保持一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The loss from the flood ________ (amount) to ten million dollars.
②This kind of food should be eaten ________ small amounts.
③Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these ________ (amount) were forbidding to most citizens.
④It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount ________．
⑤Keeping silent in this case amounts to ________ (support) the speaker.
⑥He has ________ large amount of mail to answer every day.
⑦Many a mother ________ (try) to act out her unrealised dreams through her daughter.
完成句子
⑧Her answer ________________ (等同于) a complete disagreement.
amounts
in
amounts
to
supporting
a
tries
amounted to
15)satisfaction n．满足，满意；使人满足的事物，令人满意的事；乐事 satisfy vt.使满足；使满意)
(教材原句)Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that...没什么比意识到……更令人满足了。
(1)to one's satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
find/feel satisfaction in/at... 对……感到满意
be far from satisfaction 令人很不满意
get satisfaction from sth. 从某事中得到满足
express satisfaction 表示满意
a sense/feeling of satisfaction 满足感
a smile/look of satisfaction 满足的笑容/神情
the satisfaction of basic human needs 人类基本需求的满足
(2)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be satisfied to do sth.＝be content to do sth.＝be pleased to do sth.
对做某事感到满意
To her satisfaction, her daughter made great progress.
令她满意的是，她的女儿取得了很大的进步。
Looking into the mirror, I smiled to myself with satisfaction.
看着镜子，我对自己满意地笑了笑。
They learn to find satisfaction in what they do.
他们学会在他们所做的事情中找到满足。
Swimming was one of her greatest satisfactions.
游泳是她最大的乐趣之一。
We always satisfy our customers with good service.
我们总是以良好的服务来满足顾客。
I am not satisfied with your work; you must improve it.
我对你的工作不满意，你必须加以改进。
Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.
观赏野生动物也能制造愉快的回忆。
[拓展]
satisfy vt.使满意，使满足
satisfied adj.感到满意的
satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The result of the test ________ (satisfy) the teachers.
②She can look back on her career with great ___________ (satisfy).
③They find great satisfaction ________ improving the quality of life for people.
④________ a smile of satisfaction on his face he said, “There! How does that feel？”
⑤Though I had a lot of experience and a Master's Degree, I could not find ________ (satisfy) work.
⑥When she had finished her meal, she gave a ________ (satisfy) smile.
satisfied
satisfaction
in
With
satisfying
satisfied
⑦________ my satisfaction, my brother has made great progress in English in the past two months.
⑧He was enjoying all the ___________ (satisfaction) of being a parent.
⑨Satisfied ________ what I answered, my English teacher nodded with a smile.
⑩She got great ___________ (satisfy) from helping people to learn.
The manager was satisfied ________ (see) many new products developed after great effort.
To
satisfactions
with
satisfaction
to see
16)overdo vt.把……做得过火；过多使用；使过于疲劳；烹煮时间过长)
(教材原句)Training too much can be bad for your health, so make sure you do not overdo it.过度训练对健康有害，所以切记适量运动。
At your time of life you must be careful not to overdo things.
在你这年龄你要小心，做事不要过分。
Don't overdo the salt in your cooking.做菜时别放太多的盐。
You should work hard, but don't overdo it and make yourself ill.
你应该努力工作，但不可过度把自己累病了。
The fish was overdone and very dry.鱼烧得过火了，太干了。
[归纳梳理] over 前缀可与名词或动词等构成新的词汇：
(1)overbake v．烘烤过度； overcook v．煮得过久； overeat v．吃得过量； overemphasise v．过分强调； overbalance v．失去平衡； overjoy v．使狂喜； overpay v．多付报酬； oversleep v．睡过头； overhear v．无意中听到； overact v．反应过激； overuse v．使用过度； overvalue v．高估
(2)overall adj.全面的，总体的； oversea adj.海外的； overweight adj.超重的
[即学即练] 写出句中overdo的含义
①Many people tend to overdo their exercise programmes looking for quick results.____________
②Stay away from work till next Tuesday, and don't overdo things.____________
③We overdid the meat and it didn't taste good.____________
④Do not overdo your privilege of scolding me.____________
完成句子
⑤The implications of music on ____________________ (整体的健康) are really impressive.
把……做得过火
使过度疲劳
烹煮时间过长
过多使用
overall well being/health
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来)
(教材原句)to cheer one up使人振作起来
cheer sb. up 让某人高兴/振作起来
cheer sb. on (在比赛中)为某人加油
Cheers! (祝酒用语)干杯！
cheer loudly/wildly 大声欢呼/激动地欢呼
cheer for 为……欢呼
Every time we got to a new place, Mom would cheer up like a child.
每次我们到一个新地方，妈妈都会像孩子一样高兴起来。
Cheer up! Your troubles will soon be over.
振作起来吧！你的困难不久就会过去的。
Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.
在学校的音乐会上，大家都为小提琴手喝彩叫好。
To our friendship and health. Cheers!
让我们为友谊和健康，干杯！
[拓展]
cheer for the hero为英雄欢呼
cheer over the victory为胜利欢呼
cheer after cheer一阵又一阵的喝彩声
a cheer from the crowd人群中的欢呼
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our teachers often cheer us ________ in class every day.
②Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.
③The crowd cheered the runners ________ as they started on the last lap of the race.
完成句子
④We did our best to ________________ (鼓励他) when he was about to give up.
up
for
on
cheer him on
People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这些交通堵塞。
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up.
在商界工作了一段时间后，洛厌烦了。
The machine feeds back everything you need to know.
这台机器可以把你所需要知道的全部材料反馈回来。
Farmers feed kitchen waste to the pigs.
农民用厨房里的残羹剩饭喂猪。
We feed our dog on fresh meat.我们用鲜肉喂狗。
Certain animals feed on insects.有些动物以昆虫为食。
The children are feeding the monkey with bananas.
孩子们正在给猴子喂香蕉。
[拓展] 表示“厌烦”的其他短语：be tired of, be bored with, be sick of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bats fly at night and feed ________ insects and fruit.
②She is fed up ________ his laziness and carelessness.
③The information is fed ________ to the appropriate government department.
④The old couple ________ (feed) up with going to the same park every day.
⑤They fed egg yolk and other nutritious foods ________ the baby.
完成句子
⑥We ________________________ (受够了这种天气). It's time we had some sunshine.
⑦He is ________________ (养肥) the chickens for Christmas.
on
with
back
is fed
to
are fed up with this weather
feeding up
3)make sure确保；查明，弄清楚)
(教材原句)Make sure you are running the right amount that your heart, muscles and bones can take without getting hurt.
确保运动量在心脏、肌肉和骨骼的承受范围之内，以免受伤。
make sure (that)... 确保；务必
make sure of/about (doing) sth. 确保……；弄清楚……
Whoever leaves the classroom last must make sure that all the windows are shut.
不管谁最后离开教室，都必须保证所有的窗户都已关好。
Make sure of the facts before you write the article.
写那篇文章前，一定要先弄清事实。
You can only be sure of what you have at the moment; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.
你只能确定你现在拥有什么；你不能确定你将来可能得到什么。
He's not so sure of himself these days.
他近来不太自信。(他对自己信心不足。)
He is sure to be back soon.
他不久后一定会回来。(说话人判断他会回来)
[易混短语比较]
be sure of/about/that...对……有信心/把握(主语自身的信念)
be sure to do sth.一定会做某事；务必要做某事(说话者对主语的判断或要求)
如：He is sure of success.他自信能成功。(他对成功有把握)
He is sure to succeed.他一定能成功。(说话人判断他会成功)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We'd better start early so that we can arrive early at the station to make sure of ________ (get) tickets.
②Please make sure ________ the cause of the accident and then report to the director.
③You are sure ________ (success) if you go on working hard. I believe in you!
④If you are not sure ________ the answer, say no.
⑤I talked to her patiently enough to make sure of her ________ (go) with us.
⑥Make sure ________ the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
getting
of
to succeed
of/about
going
that
4)get sth./sb. doing使某物/某人处于某种动作或状态下)
(教材原句)A warm up gets your blood flowing faster...热身会促进血液更快地流动……
get vt.(使役动词)使……；请求(做)……。常见搭配：
get sth./sb. to do sth. (＝have sth./sb. do sth.) 让某物/某人做某事
get sth. done (＝have sth. done) 使某事被做；遭遇某事
get sth./sb. doing sth. 使/让……做起……来
Once we got the heater going the car started to warm up.
我们一启动加热器，汽车就开始预热。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了一会儿之后，上尉命令士兵们向前线前进。
It is hard to get him doing his homework before dinner every day.
想要让他每天晚饭前做家庭作业是很难的。
I got him to do his homework before dinner.
我让他晚饭前做家庭作业。
He gets his homework done before dinner every day.
他每天晚饭前做完家庭作业。
[说明]
·get sth./sb. doing sth.中，现在分词作宾补通常指习惯性、经常性的动作，宾语是动作的发出者；
·get sth./sb. to do sth.中，不定式作宾补通常指一次性的，或者是还没有发出的未来的动作，宾语是动作的发出者；
·get sth. done中，过去分词作宾补，强调被动性的动作，宾语是动作的承受者。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We got mother ___________ (prepare) our lunch.
②However, becoming a full time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him ________ (notice).
③I shall soon get the machine ________ (work).
④We couldn't get him ________ (sign) the agreement.
⑤If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone ________ (talk) again is to give the host a compliment.
⑥They wanted to get the workers ________ (call) off the strike.
to prepare
noticed
working
to sign
talking
to call
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)suggest后宾语从句的语气)
(教材原句)My friend suggested I should try long distance running.
我的朋友建议我试试长跑。
说明 在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should＋动词原形”构成， should在美式英语中通常可以省略。
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
医生建议他努力减肥。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
我们建议把会议推迟到下周。
He insisted that I (should) go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。
He ordered that it (should) be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
The doctor advised that he (should) not smoke.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
He requires that I (should) appear.
他要求我出场。
[拓展]
(1)suggest后接宾语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；若谓语动词表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest译为“建议”；若谓语动词表示的情况为既成事实，要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”“认为”。
He suggested that we (should) leave early.他建议我们提早离开。(虚拟语气)
Her expression suggested that she was angry.
她的表情表明她生气了。(陈述语气)
(2)insist后接宾语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；若谓语动词表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，要用陈述语气。
He insisted that I (should) read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She suggested that I __________ (be) responsible for the arrangements.
②I demand that John ________ (go) there at once.
③The general commanded that we ___________ (attack) at once.
④The policeman insisted that he ___________ (have) a look.
⑤What he said suggested that he ___________ (be) a cheat.
⑥He insisted that he ____________ (do) nothing wrong and refused to make an apology.
⑦The committee proposed that Mr Ted _____________ (elect).
(should) be
(should) go
(should) attack
(should) have
was
had done
(should) be elected
完成句子
⑧I suggested that ________________ (他休息), and sent him for an X ray.
⑨The magazine suggested, incorrectly, ________________ (他正打算) to announce his retirement.
⑩They demanded that working condition ________________ (应该被改善).
he (should) rest
that he was planning
should be improved
2)as引导非限制性定语从句)
(教材原句)As people often say, any exercise is better than none...正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好……
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：
as we all know (＝as is known to all) 众所周知
as sb. imagine/see/note 正如某人想象/看到/提到的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as is reported in the newspaper 正如报纸上所报道的那样
as has been said before 如前所述
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(as在从句中作主语)
He is a foreigner, as we know from his accent.
他是个外国人，我们从他的口音可以知道。(as在从句中作宾语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
[说明]
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
②as指代整个主句， as意为“正如，如同”。
③as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、主句中间或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
④as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be动词或别的系动词。
[注意]
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，只能位于主句之后。
which意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。
Li Ming was late, which (＝and this) made Mr Zhang very angry.
李明迟到了，这件事使张老师非常生气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
②A container weighs more after air is put in, ________ proves that air has weight.
③________ is often the case with young people, he is overconfident.
④We cannot do everything successfully, ________ often happens in life.
⑤________ you can imagine, every mistake meant we need to start all over again.
As
which
As
as
As
完成句子
⑥________________________________________ (正如几周前有人在这篇论文中提到的), they eat great food and never gain weight.
⑦______________________ (就像……经常做的那样) elderly people, Grandpa talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes.
As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago
As is often the case with
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．These measures can ________ (缓解) the pressure on power supply.
2．The aim of the meeting is to ____________ (加强) the relationship between the two countries.
3．Several countries have applied for ________ (成员身份) of the EU.
4．With the help of the new medical ________ (设备), the patient recovered quickly.
5．She became famous ________ (一夜).
6．To our great ___________ (满意), our son studies very hard and has made a lot of progress.
relieve
strengthen
membership
equipment
overnight
satisfaction
Ⅱ.短语填空
in particular, keep up, prevent...from, be capable of, make sure, cheer up, be/get fed up with, amount to, ache to do, be sure
1．We ____________ that someone is responsible for the quality of the product.
2．Walking alone in the dark, the guy whistled (吹口哨) to _________ his courage.
3．A lot of attractive places in Beijing attract his attention, the Great Wall ____________．
4．A range of measures must be taken to ____________ the clear river ____________ being polluted.
make sure
keep up
in particular
prevent
from
5．Actually, the port ____________ dealing with 10 million tons of coal a year.
6．Mary couldn't ____________ at the moment because she was in an awkward position.
7．All the pupils ____________ too much homework.
8．In fact, the President's silence on the matter ____________ a refusal.
9．I'm ____________ (tell) her the good news right now.
10．I think he ____________ to succeed in the end.
is capable of
cheer up
are fed up with
amounts to
aching to tell
is sure
Ⅲ.根据语境选择适当的不定代词
1．There is _____________ wrong with being polite to others. (something/nothing)
2．I searched ________ of the drawers for the document, but found nothing. (every one/everyone)
3．Has ________ of you been to our city before (anyone/any one)
4．Yvonne is nobody here in town, but I suppose she's ________ in her own village. (somebody/nobody)
5．They were all tired, but __________________ didn't have a rest. (anyone/any one)
nothing
every one
any one
somebody
anyone/any one
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The road to research is tough, ________ is often the case in science.
2．Larger ________ (amount) of caffeine can cause a problem called caffeinism.
3．He had more job ___________ (satisfy), a better marriage and was healthier.
4．Make sure ________ you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
5．One idea is that sleep helps us ________ (strength) new memories.
as
amounts
satisfaction
that
strengthen
6．After spending some time looking at all the defensive ________ (equip) at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
7．If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them ________ (turn) brown.
8．What's ____________ (particular) interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause.
9．While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us ________ (benefit) Vitamin D．
equipment
turning
particularly
beneficialSection D Lesson 3 Running and Fitness
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 好处，益处 vt.& vi. 有益于，得益于
2．________________ vi. 流，流动 n. 流动
3．________________ n. 隐痛 v. 疼痛；隐痛
4．________________ vi.& vt. 点击(鼠标) n. (对计算机鼠标的)单击(声)
5．________________ n. 汗水 v. 出汗，流汗
6．________________ adj. 困难的，难办的
7．________________ n. 原则，基本的观念；方针；准则
8．________________ n. 王子 ________________ adj. 重要的 n. 校长；社长
9．________________ n. 肌肉
10．________________ n. 氧
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．relieve vt.减轻，缓解→________ n．减轻，缓解
2．week n．周→________ adj.一周一次的，每周的
3．particular n．尤其，特别 adj.特定的→________ adv.尤其，特别
4．member n．会员→________ n．会员身份
5．equip vt.装备；使有能力→________ n．设备，装备
6．cap vt.胜过，超过→________ adj.能干的；能力强的
7．prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡→________ n．预防；阻止，阻挡
8．up adv.& prep.向上；朝，在→________ adj.较上的，上面的
9．achieve v．达到，完成→________ adj.可完成的；做得成的
10．satisfy v．使满意→________ n．满足，满意
11．do v．做→________ vt.把……做得过火
12．detail n．细节→________ adj.详细的；细致的；精细的
13．guide＋line→________ n．指导方针，指导原则
14．short＋cut→________ n．捷径，近路
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．get in shape ________________
2．stay healthy ________________
3．relieve tension ________________
4．strengthen one's immune system ________________
5．cheer up ________________
6．in particular ________________
7．keep up ________________
8．be capable of ________________
9．prevent diseases ________________
10．as well as ________________
11．cool down ________________
12．jog slowly for ten minutes ________________
13．relax one's body ________________
14．principles of running ________________
15．scan for specific information ________________
16．draw up a training plan ________________
17．need special equipment ________________
18．increase the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain ________________
19．do the right amount ________________
20．give good upper and lower body strength ________________
21．after all ________________
22．Everything is possible! ________________
(B)写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 变得健康
2．________________ 减少健康问题
3．________________ 厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的
4．________________ 感到难堪
5．________________ 运动总比不运动好
6．________________ 常见疾病
7．________________ 感到沮丧
8．________________ 由于压力
9．________________ 对……不熟悉/陌生
10．________________ 热身(主要做一些舒展动作)
11．________________ 树立可行的目标
12．________________ 确保
13．________________ 最后
14．________________ (＝take a break)休息
15．________________ 对……有坏处
16．________________ 减轻疼痛或紧张
17．________________ 进入大学
18．________________ 一直
19．________________ 消磨时光
20．________________ 没有什么比……好
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following is not the benefits of running
A.It will help people get fit.
B.It will increase the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart.
C.It will strengthen people's immune system.
D.It will help people who are upset cheer up.
2．What should you do to be a runner
A.Have a gym membership.
B.Have some special equipment such as a running machine.
C.Have a pair of good running shoes.
D.Keep on running for thirty minutes every day.
3．Which of the following is not right according to this passage
A.Running can help to reduce the risk of some serious health problems.
B.Running can keep people energetic and relieve stress.
C.It is necessary to warm up and cool down before and after running.
D.If you are tired, you can stop running immediately to have a rest.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A.Any exercise is better than none.
B.Long distance running will benefit a lot.
C.How to be a runner.
D.The advice to a new runner.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As people often say, any exercise is 1.________ (good) than none, but long distance running 2.________ particular has a lot of 3.________ (benefit).
It is a great sport for beginners—4.________ you need is just a pair of good running shoes. Then, keep it up.
Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases. It will benefit your heart and brain a lot. It also 5.________ (strength) your immune system and reduces the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses like colds. Besides, anybody 6.________ is feeling down can go for a run 7.________ (cheer) themselves up.
If you are new to running, here 8.________ (be) some advice for you—it is important to warm up and cool down 9.________ (proper) before and after running，so you do not hurt 10.________ (you).
[词汇注释]
①in particular尤其，特别
※particular/p 't kj l /n.
尤其，特别 adj. 特定的
②benefit/'ben f t/n. 好处，益处
③membership/'memb p/n.会员身份
④equipment/ 'kw pm nt/n.设备，装备
⑤keep up坚持下去，继续下去
⑥a way to do sth.做某事的方法
※a way of doing sth.做某事的方法
⑦be capable of有能力做
※capable/'ke p b l/adj. 能干的；能力强的
⑧worry about担心
⑨get fit变得健康
※keep fit保持健康
⑩prevent/pr 'vent/vt.预防；阻止，阻挡
※prevent...from...阻止……做……
disease/d 'zi z/n.疾病
※prevent diseases预防疾病
upper/' p /adj.较上的，上面的
※lower adj.下面的，下方的
flow/fl /vi.流，流动 n.流动
oxygen/' ks d n/n. 氧
allow sth. to...允许某物……
immune system免疫系统
※immune/ 'mju n/adj.免疫的；有免疫力的
system/'s st m/n.系统
as well as也，此外
go for a run去跑步
cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
※cheer oneself up让自己振作起来
relief/r 'li f/n.减轻，缓解
※provide relief from...缓解……
ache/e k/n. 隐痛
due to因为，由于
be new to sth.对……不熟悉/陌生
warm up热身
cool down使冷却下来；冷静下来
guideline/'ɡa dla n/n. 指导方针，指导原则
※the guidelines on sth.有关某事的指导建议
click/kl k/vi. & vt.点击(鼠标)
[教材原文]
Hi Jeremy，
Thanks for your question. As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long distance running in particular① has a lot of benefits②.
It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership③ or any special equipment④. Just a pair of good running shoes will do. Then, keep it up⑤. There is also no better[1] way to⑥ know yourself and to see what you are capable of⑦.
You are also somebody who worries about⑧ getting sick [2]. Running will help you get fit⑨ and prevent⑩ diseases . It will give you good upper and lower body strength. Like any exercise, running increases the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain. It makes your heart stronger and allows more blood to flow around your body. It also strengthens your immune system and reduces the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses like colds. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up . Even a thirty minute run will provide relief from achesB21 or tension that you may be suffering[3] due toB22 stress.
[2]who引导定语从句，修饰somebody
[3]that引导定语从句，修饰aches or tension
If you are new toB23 running, here is some advice for you—it is important to warm upB24 and cool downB25 properly before and after running, so you do not hurt yourself. A warm up gets your blood flowing faster and prepares your body before you exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly for ten minutes, then walk for five minutes. Such kind of warm down relaxes your body after exercise.
For more guidelinesB26 on running, clickB27 here. I hope this will help[4]!
Best Regards，
Dr. Martin
[汉语译文]
嗨！杰瑞米：
感谢你的问题。正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别(in particular)是长跑有很多益处(benefit)。
对于初学者来说，这是一项很棒的运动，你不需要健身房会员(membership)或任何特殊的设备(equipment)。只要一双好跑鞋就行了。然后，坚持。跑步是了解自己最好的方法，看看自己能做到(be capable of)哪一步。
你像很多人一样，也担心自己有生病的风险。跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防(prevent)疾病(disease)。它会让你拥有很棒的上(upper)肢和下肢力量。像任何运动一样，跑步会增加血液流通(flow)并向大脑输送氧气(oxygen)。它让你的心脏更强壮，并加速血液流动。它还能强化你的免疫系统(immune system)，降低患严重健康问题的风险，以及患常见疾病的几率，例如感冒。此外，心情低落的人会选择跑步让自己振作起来(cheer up)。即使跑30分钟也能缓解(relief)你因压力而感到的疼痛(ache)或紧张。
如果你刚开始跑步，我有一些建议给你——跑步前和跑步后做适当的热身和放松活动很重要，这样你就不会伤到自己。热身会促进血液更快地流动，在运动前让你的身体做好准备。长跑后，你应该再慢跑十分钟，然后步行五分钟。这种舒缓运动可以使身体在运动后得到放松。
有关跑步的更多指导(guideline)，请点击(click)此处。希望能有所帮助！
致以最好的问候，
马丁博士
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)relieve vt.减轻，缓解；解除；使宽心，使宽慰 relief n．减轻，缓解；宽慰)
(教材原句)to relieve tension缓解紧张
(1)relieve stress 减轻压力
relieve pain 缓解疼痛
relieve the symptoms of a cold 减轻感冒症状
(2)relieve...from... 从……中解除/减轻……
be relieved to do sth. 因做某事而感到欣慰
(sb.) be relieved that... ……(某人)感到宽慰/放心
(3)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
with relief 欣慰地
to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
give sb. relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦
for the relief of... 为了救济……；为了减轻……
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
disaster relief 赈灾
relief work 救济工作
Write home as often as possible so as to relieve your mother from anxiety.
尽量多给家里写信，免得你母亲牵肠挂肚。
We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.
听说她脱险了，我们的心才放下来。
This medicine will relieve your headache.
这药将减轻你的头痛。
Mother was relieved that you had come back safely.
你平安归来了，妈妈感到宽慰了。
Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.
能在最后讲出真话似乎让她倍感轻松。
She smiled in relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.
听说她的儿子被清华大学录取了，她如释重负地笑了。
It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop halfway.
这让我松了一口气，在半路突然停了下来。
[联想] relieve v. →relief n．宽慰
believe v．→belief n．信任
[句式] It is a relief to do sth.做某事令人欣慰。
What a relief！终于放心了！/可轻松了！
[特别提醒] to one's relief使某人欣慰的是，为了强调，可在to前面加much或者在relief前面加great，意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。相同用法的词还有surprise, joy, regret等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He ________ (relieve) of his post.
②She seemed ________ (relieve) that things were better.
③I was relieved ________ (see) them back.
④The novels may relieve me ________ stress, but I should have focused on study.
⑤________ her relief, her younger brother recovered quickly after the operation.
完成句子
⑥世界粮食计划署的一个功能是缓解世界范围的饥饿。
One of the functions of the World Food Programme is ________________ worldwide starvation.
⑦这能减轻你的压力，不必总想着逗她开心。
This can ____________________ on you to provide entertainment for her.
⑧认识洛依德医生也是极大的安慰，里德太太请他为她的仆人们看病。
It was also ____________________ recognize Dr Lloyd, who Mrs Reed called in for her servants.
2)strengthen vi.& vt.(使)强健；加强；增强 strength n．力量；力气；长处(可数名词) strong adj.强壮的；坚强的)
(教材原句)to strengthen one's immune system
增强某人的免疫系统
(1)strengthen friendship 增进友谊
strengthen one's health 增强体质
strengthen the position in the company 巩固在公司的地位
(2)with all one's strength 全力；用全部力气
strengths and weaknesses 长处和弱点
advantages and 优点和缺陷
The wind strengthened during the night.夜里风刮得更大了。
Cycling is good exercise. It strengthens all the muscles of the body.骑自行车是好的锻炼。它使全身肌肉变得强健。
We will strengthen the protection of wetland.我们将加强湿地保护。
Your words strengthened my courage.你的话增强了我的勇气。
He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
他用全力推那块石头。
These were the strengths and weaknesses of his argument.
这些就是他的论点的长处和弱点。
[归纳梳理] 构词法：后缀 en构成动词的用法
n./adj.＋ en→v.(使……；使……变成)
strength n．力量→strengthen v．(使)强健；加强
length n．长度→lengthen v．(使)变长
fright n．恐怖；惊吓→frighten vt.使惊吓
weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v．(使)变弱；削弱；减弱
deep adj.深的→deepen v．加深
wide adj.宽的→widen v．加宽
sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen v．(使)变锋利
loose adj.疏松的；宽松的→loosen v．变松；松开
short adj.短的→shorten v．(使)变短
quick adj.快的→quicken v．(使)加快
dark adj.黑暗的→darken v．(使)变暗，变黑
broad adj.宽的→broaden v．(使)变宽
[注意] 也有用形容词比较级形式加 en构成动词的，如：lessen减弱
worsen恶化，(使)变得更坏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (strength) self discipline and be smart online learners.
②His back ________ (strengthen) with exercise.
③The bridge must ________ (strengthen).
④Now that you've listed your ________ (strength), list your imperfections (缺点).
⑤Write a poem about how courage, determination, and ________ (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.
⑥The ________ (long) of your talk must be at least 10 minutes.
⑦He threatened the intruders with a gun and ________ (fright) them off.
⑧The project would ________ (deep) the river from 400 to 45 feet, to allow for larger ships.
3)weekly adj.一周一次的，每周的 n．周刊，周报 adv.每周；一周一次)
(教材原句)I do two weekly runs.我每周跑步两次。
weekly magazine/newspaper/report 周刊/周报/每周报告
entertainment weekly 娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐
English Weekly 英语周报
weekly wage 周薪
He writes a weekly email to his parents.
他每周给父母写一封邮件。
I take in two dailies and one weekly.
我订阅两份日报和一份周刊。
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.记录并每周评估一次。
Employees are paid weekly.雇员按周领工资。
[归纳梳理] daily adj.日常的；每天的；按日的 n．日报 adv.每天
monthly adj.每月的；按月计的 n．月刊 adv.每月一次
yearly adj.每年(一次)的；年度的 adv.每年；一年一度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We go and do the ________ (week) shopping every Thursday.
②The publishers planned to produce the journal on a ________ (week) basis.
③The seven major industrial countries will have their ________ (year) meeting in London.
④You can be paid in cash ________ (week) or by cheque ________ (month); those are the two alternatives.
4)awkward adj.令人尴尬的；笨拙的；别扭的；难对付的 awkwardly adv.尴尬的；笨拙地 awkwardness n．尴尬；笨拙)
(教材原句)And I feel awkward failing PE exams.
体育课不及格让我为难。
an awkward question 棘手的问题
an awkward silence 令人尴尬的沉默
an awkward situation 尴尬的境地
an awkward instrument 使用不便的工具
an awkward customer 难对付的顾客
an awkward child (动作)笨拙的孩子
an awkward excuse 拙劣的借口
She was awkward about giving us further credit.
她为给我们进一步地增加贷款而为难。
He stood awkwardly in the doorway, not sure what to say.
他尴尬地站在门口，不知道该说什么。
She laughed to cover up her feeling of awkwardness.
她用笑声掩饰她的难堪。
[拓展] feel awkward感到尴尬
be/feel awkward about对……感到不自在
be awkward with与……一起感到不自在
be awkward at/in在……方面技巧拙劣
put sb. in an awkward position使某人处于尴尬的境地,[语境助记] Your decision puts me in an awkward position.
你的决定把我弄得很尴尬。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There was a time when people may have felt awkward ________ asking for a table for one, but those days are over.
②In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light hearted apology to explain your ________ (awkward).
③We really have been put in ________ awkward position because of this.
④He laughs a little ________ (awkward), and it's easy to see why he's worried.
5)particular n．细节；详情 adj.特定的；不寻常的，特别的；讲究的，挑剔的)
(教材原句)．..but long distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.……特别是长跑有很多益处。
in particular＝particularly 尤其，特别
be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔
be particular to... 是……特有的
something/nothing particular 特别的事/没什么特别的事
a particular smell 特殊气味
be particular about clothes 对衣着很讲究
be particular about economic benefits 讲究经济效益
be particular to the tropics 热带地区特有的
She likes fruit and apples in particular.她喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。
The British are rather particular about table manners.
英国人对餐桌礼仪是十分讲究的。
Ted was very particular about the colours he used.
泰德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
[拓展]
particularly adv.特别，尤其
particularity n．特性；个性；讲究
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Why should he notice her car ________ particular
②Mr Chen is quite particular ________ his ties.
③Keep your office space looking good, ________ (particular) your desk.
④Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its ________ (particular), early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
6)benefit n．好处，益处 vt.使受益，对……有用 vi.有益于，得益于→beneficial adj.有益的)
(1)be of benefit to (＝be beneficial to) 对……有好处
for the benefit of (＝for one's benefit) 为了……的利益
(2)A benefits B A对B有益
B benefits from A B从A中获益
(3)be beneficial to... 对……有益
The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
新规章将使所有相关人员受益。
It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.
我们那样做都是为了你们公司的利益。
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新医院会给这个镇带来极大的好处。
The new hospital will benefit the entire community.
新医院将有益于整个社区。
Going to school would benefit him.＝He would benefit from going to school.上学对他有好处。
A good diet is beneficial to health.良好的饮食有益于健康。
[一言助记] I suggest you give up smoking for the benefit of your health. I believe that giving up smoking will be of benefit/be beneficial to you and it will also benefit your family a lot. In other words, your family will benefit from your stopping smoking. Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial to them.
为了你的健康，我建议你戒烟。我相信戒烟对你和你的家人都大有好处。换句话说，你的家人将从你的戒烟中受益。特别是重度吸烟者会发现这种经历对他们更有益。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Race walking shares many fitness ________ (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
②We benefited greatly ________ this frank talk.
③It can be ________ (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust.
④There is no doubt that being honest is ________ the benefit of the country and the individual.
⑤Sunshine is beneficial ________ health.
⑥The cause of education is ________ benefit to the people.
⑦That the mental health benefits ________ music can't be argued.
完成句子
⑧You need people working ____________________ (为了……的利益) the community.
⑨She made a good suggestion which ________________________________ (对同学们有益), so we have adopted it.
7)equipment n．[U]设备，装备 equip vt.装备；具备；使有所准备/使有能力)
(教材原句)It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.对于初学者来说，这是一项很棒的运动，你不需要健身房会员或任何特殊的设备。
(1)set up the equipment 安装设备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
camping equipment 露营装备
office equipment 办公室设备
computer equipment 计算机设备
medical equipment 医疗设备
necessary equipment 必要的设备
(2)equip sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人/某物具备条件做某事
equip for... 为……做准备
equip sb. for sth. 使某人能胜任某事
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
be equipped with... 配备……(表示状态)
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人能够得到治疗。
This factory has imported a piece of equipment this year.
这家工厂今年进口了一台设备。
Your education will equip you to earn a good living.
你所受的教育将使你过上好日子。
The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
He is equipped with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。
[误区警示] equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。表示数量时，借用量词piece, a piece of equipment表示“一件设备”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They are equipping themselves ________ a journey.
②Please equip yourself ________ a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③Owners of restaurants would have to equip them ________ (admit) disabled people.
④Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary ________ (equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
⑤They ________ (equip) with new scientific farming ways, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
完成句子
⑥At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to ________________________ (具有……的能力) to recognise different facial expressions in humans.
8)capable adj.能干的；能力强的(→capably adv.能干地 capability n．能力；才能；性能))
(教材原句)There is also no better way to know yourself and to see what you are capable of.跑步是了解自己最好的方法，看看自己能做到哪一步。
(1)be capable of... 具有……的能力；能……的
be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事
a strong capable woman 一个坚强能干的女人
capable hands 能手，高手(用于指具有某种高超技艺的人)
(2)have
Only human beings are capable of speech.
只有人类才具有说话的能力。
The car is capable of carrying five persons.这辆汽车可搭载5人。
She's a very capable speaker.她是一个非常有能力的演说者。
As a scientist, he has the capability of doing important research.
作为一名科学家，他有能力从事重大的研究工作。
He had no capability to deal with the matter.
他没有能力处理那件事。
The engineer explained the plane's technical capabilities.
工程师讲解了该飞机的技术性能。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①No one ever questioned her ________ (capable).
②Anne was intelligent and capable ________ passing her exams with ease.
③You have the capability ________ (do) this job well.
④Most children are able ________ (walk) before they are able to talk.
⑤He is a manager having ________ capability of leadership.
⑥It was all dealt with very ________ (capable) by the police and security people.
⑦Her ________ (capable) were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them.
9)prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡(→prevention n．预防；阻止；妨碍 preventive adj.预防性的，防备的))
(教材原句)Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.
跑步会帮助你变得健康并预防疾病。
prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
和往常一样，你应该在每次跑步前伸展至少十分钟，以防受伤。
A squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
在香蕉上挤一点儿新鲜的柠檬汁将会防止香蕉变成褐色。
We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school independently.
可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法独立去上学。
Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。
This accident serves to show the importance of taking preventive measures.这次事故说明了采取预防措施的重要性。
[误区警示]
(1)以上三个短语用于主动语态时，keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为keep...doing...表示“使……一直做……”。
(2)用于被动语态时，以上三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They ________ (prevent) from entering the building.
②The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster ________ (prevent).
③We must take ________ (prevent) measures to reduce crime in the area.
④At night vehicles were stopped ________ entering the city centre.
⑤Don't let the drive for perfection keep you ________ doing something great.
完成句子
⑥I have come now, and I hope I haven't ________________________ (让您等太久)！
10)ache n．隐痛；(身体某部位的)疼痛 v．隐痛，疼痛；渴望 aching adj.疼痛的)
(教材原句)Even a thirty minute run will provide relief from aches or tension...即使跑30分钟也能缓解疼痛或紧张……
(1)a headache 头疼
a toothache 牙疼
a stomach ache 胃痛
the ache of his loneliness 他的孤寂之苦
(2)ache for 渴望得到；想念
ache to do sth. 渴望做某事
She felt an ache in her back.她感到后背隐隐作痛。
The little girl aches for her mother's love.
这个小女孩渴望得到妈妈的爱。
He is aching for his mother.他想念他的妈妈。
She is aching to join in the game.她渴望参加比赛。
After climbing the mountain, I ached all over.
爬山以后，我感觉周身疼痛。
I laid my aching head back on the pillow and closed my eyes.
我又把阵阵疼痛的头靠在枕头上，闭上了眼。
[比较] ache/pain
·ache指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。ache可以和表示身体一部分的名词构成复合词，如toothache, stomachache, backache, headache等；
·pain可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was aching ________ (tell) you all my news.
②She ________ (ache) at the thought of what might happen to her husband.
③The children ached ________ a sight of the parade.
④He suffered from his ________ (ache) teeth.
选词填空：pain/ache
⑤Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of ________．
⑥If I hold it for an hour, I'll have a(n) ________ in my arm.
11)detail n．细节；资料[pl.]vt.详述；详细说明(→detailed adj.详细的，细致的))
in detail＝detailedly 详细地
go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明
have an eye for detail 善于捕捉细节
If you're interested in the job, I'll send you all the details.
如果你对这份工作感兴趣，我将寄给你全部的资料。
Could you detail all your expenses on this form
你能把各项开支列在这张表格上吗？
Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keeping the peace.
双方都同意维护和平的详细方案。
The meeting was too short to go into detail about the project.
这个会议过于简短，未涉及该项目的细节。
We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.在制订计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。
Do not give any technical details about/of the product at this stage.在本阶段不要透露此产品任何技术细节。
[误区警示] detail作“(某事物的)资料，信息”讲时，常用复数形式。
full details详情
give details about透露……的消息
further/more details更进一步的/更多的信息
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He doesn't wish to go ________ detail about all the events of those days.
②We examine the wording ________ detail before deciding on the final text.
③The ________ (detail) of the plan are still being worked out.
④Yesterday's letter contains a ________ (detail) account of the decisions.
⑤He ________ (detail) my new duties to me this morning.
12)overnight adv.突然，一下子；在晚上 adj.晚上的；很快的)
(教材原句)There are no shortcuts—no one can become a long distance runner overnight！跑步没有捷径——没有人能在一夜之间成为长跑选手！
rise/shoot to fame overnight 一夜之间成名
change overnight 一夜之间改变
overnight success 突然间的成功
an overnight millionaire 暴发户
This development did not take place overnight.
这一发展不是一夜之间发生的。
After staying overnight in Beijing, we visited the Great Wall.
在北京过夜后，我们参观了长城。
She took the overnight train to New York.
她乘晚上的火车去纽约。
The show was an overnight success on Broadway.
在百老汇的这场演出一炮打响。,[即学即练] 写出句中overnight的词性及含义
①The actress won overnight fame with her first film.____________
②His plans were transformed overnight into reality.____________
③I stayed overnight at a friend's house.____________
完成句子
④Many people in the film industry dream of ________________________ (一夜成名).
13)achievable adj.可完成的；做得成的[→achieve vt.实现；(尤指经过努力)取得，达到 achievement n．[C]成就，功绩，成绩；[U]达到，完成])
(教材原句)Set achievable goals.设定能达到的目标。
(1)achieve success 获得成功
achieve one's goal/aim 达到某人的目标
(2)make an achievement in... 在……方面取得成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
Goals should be focused on what is achievable.
目标应着眼于能实现的事。
It's often a good idea to start with smaller, easily achievable goals.比较小的、容易实现的目标做开端往往是个好主意。
You can only achieve success through hard work.
你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
Asian people can also make some achievements in track and field.
亚洲人也可以在田径领域取得一些成就。
Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement.
独自抚养一个孩子应该会给你成就感。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A 50% market share is ________ (achieve).
②It was a remarkable ________ (achieve) for such a young player.
③This is ________ achievement without equal in modern times.
④I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but ________ (achieve) goals.
⑤I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, ________ (achieve) the black and white image.
14)amount n．数量，数额 vi.总计；等于)
(1)a large/small amount of (＋不可数名词) 大量/少量的……
the amount of (＋不可数名词) ……的数量
in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
reduce the amount of fat 减少脂肪量
in amount 在数量上；总之，总计
(2)amount to 合计；总共达到；等
于；等同于
He needs that amount of money to survive.他需要那笔钱来维持生活。
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.胖版的和瘦版的演员都吃了大量的食物。
The total cost of repairs amounted to 100 dollars.
修理费用总计一百美元。
This amounts to doing the whole thing over again.
这就等于要把整个事情重做一遍。
Your information is large in amount but poor in quality.
你的资料量多质差。
But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined.但是每次阅读所花费的时间已经减少了。
He withdraws money from the bank in large amounts.
他从银行里取出一大笔钱。
A large amount of money has been spent on the building.
一大笔钱已花在那栋楼上。
Large amounts of money have been spent on the building.
大笔钱已花在那栋楼上。
[说明] “许多，大量”的多种表达：
(1)a good/great many/a large/great number of/quite a few＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语动词
(2)many a(n)＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语动词
(3)a great/good deal of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
(5)a large/small quantity of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
＋复数谓语动词
[误区警示]
a large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
large amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词
谓语动词的数与amount的单数复数形式保持一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The loss from the flood ________ (amount) to ten million dollars.
②This kind of food should be eaten ________ small amounts.
③Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these ________ (amount) were forbidding to most citizens.
④It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount ________．
⑤Keeping silent in this case amounts to ________ (support) the speaker.
⑥He has ________ large amount of mail to answer every day.
⑦Many a mother ________ (try) to act out her unrealised dreams through her daughter.
完成句子
⑧Her answer ________________ (等同于) a complete disagreement.
15)satisfaction n．满足，满意；使人满足的事物，令人满意的事；乐事 satisfy vt.使满足；使满意)
(教材原句)Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that...没什么比意识到……更令人满足了。
(1)to one's satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
find/feel satisfaction in/at... 对……感到满意
be far from satisfaction 令人很不满意
get satisfaction from sth. 从某事中得到满足
express satisfaction 表示满意
a sense/feeling of satisfaction 满足感
a smile/look of satisfaction 满足的笑容/神情
the satisfaction of basic human needs 人类基本需求的满足
(2)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be satisfied to do sth.＝be content to do sth.＝be pleased to do sth. 对做某事感到满意
To her satisfaction, her daughter made great progress.
令她满意的是，她的女儿取得了很大的进步。
Looking into the mirror, I smiled to myself with satisfaction.
看着镜子，我对自己满意地笑了笑。
They learn to find satisfaction in what they do.
他们学会在他们所做的事情中找到满足。
Swimming was one of her greatest satisfactions.
游泳是她最大的乐趣之一。
We always satisfy our customers with good service.
我们总是以良好的服务来满足顾客。
I am not satisfied with your work; you must improve it.
我对你的工作不满意，你必须加以改进。
Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.
观赏野生动物也能制造愉快的回忆。
[拓展] satisfy vt.使满意，使满足
satisfied adj.感到满意的
satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The result of the test ________ (satisfy) the teachers.
②She can look back on her career with great ________ (satisfy).
③They find great satisfaction ________ improving the quality of life for people.
④________ a smile of satisfaction on his face he said, “There! How does that feel？”
⑤Though I had a lot of experience and a Master's Degree, I could not find ________ (satisfy) work.
⑥When she had finished her meal, she gave a ________ (satisfy) smile.
⑦________ my satisfaction, my brother has made great progress in English in the past two months.
⑧He was enjoying all the ________ (satisfaction) of being a parent.
⑨Satisfied ________ what I answered, my English teacher nodded with a smile.
⑩She got great ________ (satisfy) from helping people to learn.
The manager was satisfied ________ (see) many new products developed after great effort.
16)overdo vt.把……做得过火；过多使用；使过于疲劳；烹煮时间过长)
(教材原句)Training too much can be bad for your health, so make sure you do not overdo it.过度训练对健康有害，所以切记适量运动。
At your time of life you must be careful not to overdo things.
在你这年龄你要小心，做事不要过分。
Don't overdo the salt in your cooking.做菜时别放太多的盐。
You should work hard, but don't overdo it and make yourself ill.
你应该努力工作，但不可过度把自己累病了。
The fish was overdone and very dry.鱼烧得过火了，太干了。
[归纳梳理] over 前缀可与名词或动词等构成新的词汇：
(1)overbake v．烘烤过度； overcook v．煮得过久； overeat v．吃得过量； overemphasise v．过分强调； overbalance v．失去平衡； overjoy v．使狂喜； overpay v．多付报酬； oversleep v．睡过头； overhear v．无意中听到； overact v．反应过激； overuse v．使用过度； overvalue v．高估
(2)overall adj.全面的，总体的； oversea adj.海外的； overweight adj.超重的,[即学即练] 写出句中overdo的含义
①Many people tend to overdo their exercise programmes looking for quick results.____________
②Stay away from work till next Tuesday, and don't overdo things.____________
③We overdid the meat and it didn't taste good.____________
④Do not overdo your privilege of scolding me.____________
完成句子
⑤The implications of music on ____________________ (整体的健康) are really impressive.
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来)
(教材原句)to cheer one up使人振作起来
cheer sb. up 让某人高兴/振作起来
cheer sb. on (在比赛中)为某人加油
Cheers! (祝酒用语)干杯！
cheer loudly/wildly 大声欢呼/激动地欢呼
cheer for 为……欢呼
Every time we got to a new place, Mom would cheer up like a child.每次我们到一个新地方，妈妈都会像孩子一样高兴起来。
Cheer up! Your troubles will soon be over.
振作起来吧！你的困难不久就会过去的。
Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.
在学校的音乐会上，大家都为小提琴手喝彩叫好。
To our friendship and health. Cheers!
让我们为友谊和健康，干杯！
[拓展] cheer for the hero为英雄欢呼
cheer over the victory为胜利欢呼
cheer after cheer一阵又一阵的喝彩声
a cheer from the crowd人群中的欢呼
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our teachers often cheer us ________ in class every day.
②Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.
③The crowd cheered the runners ________ as they started on the last lap of the race.
完成句子
④We did our best to ________________________ (鼓励他) when he was about to give up.
2)be fed up with厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的)
(教材原句)I'm a bit fed up with getting sick all the time.
我有点受够了总是生病。
(1)feel a bit fed up 感到有点儿不耐烦
be/get fed up with 对……感到厌烦
(2)feed...up (用大量食物)养肥……，养壮……
feed on (＝live on) (动物)以……为食
用……喂……
(3)feed back 反馈；反应；反过来影响
People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这些交通堵塞。
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up.在商界工作了一段时间后，洛厌烦了。
The machine feeds back everything you need to know.
这台机器可以把你所需要知道的全部材料反馈回来。
Farmers feed kitchen waste to the pigs.
农民用厨房里的残羹剩饭喂猪。
We feed our dog on fresh meat.我们用鲜肉喂狗。
Certain animals feed on insects.有些动物以昆虫为食。
The children are feeding the monkey with bananas.
孩子们正在给猴子喂香蕉。
[拓展] 表示“厌烦”的其他短语：be tired of, be bored with, be sick of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bats fly at night and feed ________ insects and fruit.
②She is fed up ________ his laziness and carelessness.
③The information is fed ________ to the appropriate government department.
④The old couple ________ (feed) up with going to the same park every day.
⑤They fed egg yolk and other nutritious foods ________ the baby.
完成句子
⑥We ________________________ (受够了这种天气). It's time we had some sunshine.
⑦He is ________________ (养肥) the chickens for Christmas.
3)make sure确保；查明，弄清楚)
(教材原句)Make sure you are running the right amount that your heart, muscles and bones can take without getting hurt.确保运动量在心脏、肌肉和骨骼的承受范围之内，以免受伤。
make sure (that)... 确保；务必
make sure of/about (doing) sth. 确保……；弄清楚……
Whoever leaves the classroom last must make sure that all the windows are shut.不管谁最后离开教室，都必须保证所有的窗户都已关好。
Make sure of the facts before you write the article.
写那篇文章前，一定要先弄清事实。
You can only be sure of what you have at the moment; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.
你只能确定你现在拥有什么；你不能确定你将来可能得到什么。
He's not so sure of himself these days.
他近来不太自信。(他对自己信心不足。)
He is sure to be back soon.
他不久后一定会回来。(说话人判断他会回来)
[易混短语比较] be sure of/about/that...对……有信心/把握(主语自身的信念)
be sure to do sth.一定会做某事；务必要做某事(说话者对主语的判断或要求)
如：He is sure of success.他自信能成功。(他对成功有把握)
He is sure to succeed.他一定能成功。(说话人判断他会成功)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We'd better start early so that we can arrive early at the station to make sure of ________ (get) tickets.
②Please make sure ________ the cause of the accident and then report to the director.
③You are sure ________ (success) if you go on working hard. I believe in you!
④If you are not sure ________ the answer, say no.
⑤I talked to her patiently enough to make sure of her ________ (go) with us.
⑥Make sure ________ the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
4)get sth./sb. doing使某物/某人处于某种动作或状态下)
(教材原句)A warm up gets your blood flowing faster...热身会促进血液更快地流动……
get vt.(使役动词)使……；请求(做)……。常见搭配：
get sth./sb. to do sth. (＝have sth./sb. do sth.) 让某物/某人做某事
get sth. done (＝have sth. done) 使某事被做；遭遇某事
get sth./sb. doing sth. 使/让……做起……来
Once we got the heater going the car started to warm up.
我们一启动加热器，汽车就开始预热。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了一会儿之后，上尉命令士兵们向前线前进。
It is hard to get him doing his homework before dinner every day.
想要让他每天晚饭前做家庭作业是很难的。
I got him to do his homework before dinner.
我让他晚饭前做家庭作业。
He gets his homework done before dinner every day.
他每天晚饭前做完家庭作业。
[说明] ·get sth./sb. doing sth.中，现在分词作宾补通常指习惯性、经常性的动作，宾语是动作的发出者；
·get sth./sb. to do sth.中，不定式作宾补通常指一次性的，或者是还没有发出的未来的动作，宾语是动作的发出者；
·get sth. done中，过去分词作宾补，强调被动性的动作，宾语是动作的承受者。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We got mother ________ (prepare) our lunch.
②However, becoming a full time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him ________ (notice).
③I shall soon get the machine ________ (work).
④We couldn't get him ________ (sign) the agreement.
⑤If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone ________ (talk) again is to give the host a compliment.
⑥They wanted to get the workers ________ (call) off the strike.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)suggest后宾语从句的语气)
(教材原句)My friend suggested I should try long distance running.我的朋友建议我试试长跑。
说明 在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should＋动词原形”构成， should在美式英语中通常可以省略。
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
医生建议他努力减肥。
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.我们建议把会议推迟到下周。
He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。
He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
The doctor advised that he (should) not smoke.医生建议他不要抽烟。
He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出场。
[拓展]
(1)suggest后接宾语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；若谓语动词表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest译为“建议”；若谓语动词表示的情况为既成事实，要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”“认为”。
He suggested that we (should) leave early.他建议我们提早离开。(虚拟语气)
Her expression suggested that she was angry.
她的表情表明她生气了。(陈述语气)
(2)insist后接宾语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；若谓语动词表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，要用陈述语气。
He insisted that I (should) read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She suggested that I ________ (be) responsible for the arrangements.
②I demand that John ________ (go) there at once.
③The general commanded that we ________ (attack) at once.
④The policeman insisted that he ________ (have) a look.
⑤What he said suggested that he ________ (be) a cheat.
⑥He insisted that he ________ (do) nothing wrong and refused to make an apology.
⑦The committee proposed that Mr Ted ________ (elect).
完成句子
⑧I suggested that ________________ (他休息), and sent him for an X ray.
⑨The magazine suggested, incorrectly, ________________ (他正打算) to announce his retirement.
⑩They demanded that working condition ________________ (应该被改善).
2)as引导非限制性定语从句)
(教材原句)As people often say, any exercise is better than none...正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好……
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：
as we all know (＝as is known to all) 众所周知
as sb. imagine/see/note 正如某人想象/看到/提到的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as is reported in the newspaper 正如报纸上所报道的那样
as has been said before 如前所述
as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样
As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(as在从句中作主语)
He is a foreigner, as we know from his accent.
他是个外国人，我们从他的口音可以知道。(as在从句中作宾语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
[说明]
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
②as指代整个主句， as意为“正如，如同”。
③as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、主句中间或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
④as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be动词或别的系动词。
[注意] which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，只能位于主句之后。
which意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。
Li Ming was late, which (＝and this) made Mr Zhang very angry.
李明迟到了，这件事使张老师非常生气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
②A container weighs more after air is put in, ________ proves that air has weight.
③________ is often the case with young people, he is overconfident.
④We cannot do everything successfully, ________ often happens in life.
⑤________ you can imagine, every mistake meant we need to start all over again.
完成句子
⑥________________________________________ (正如几周前有人在这篇论文中提到的), they eat great food and never gain weight.
⑦________________________________________ (就像……经常做的那样) elderly people, Grandpa talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．These measures can ________ (缓解) the pressure on power supply.
2．The aim of the meeting is to ________ (加强) the relationship between the two countries.
3．Several countries have applied for ________ (成员身份) of the EU.
4．With the help of the new medical ________ (设备), the patient recovered quickly.
5．She became famous ________ (一夜).
6．To our great ________ (满意), our son studies very hard and has made a lot of progress.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in particular, keep up, prevent...from, be capable of, make sure, cheer up, be/get fed up with, amount to, ache to do, be sure
1．We ____________ that someone is responsible for the quality of the product.
2．Walking alone in the dark, the guy whistled (吹口哨) to ____________ his courage.
3．A lot of attractive places in Beijing attract his attention, the Great Wall ____________．
4．A range of measures must be taken to ____________ the clear river ____________ being polluted.
5．Actually, the port ____________ dealing with 10 million tons of coal a year.
6．Mary couldn't ____________ at the moment because she was in an awkward position.
7．All the pupils ____________ too much homework.
8．In fact, the President's silence on the matter ____________ a refusal.
9．I'm ____________ (tell) her the good news right now.
10．I think he ____________ to succeed in the end.
Ⅲ.根据语境选择适当的不定代词
1．There is ________ wrong with being polite to others. (something/nothing)
2．I searched ________ of the drawers for the document, but found nothing. (every one/everyone)
3．Has ________ of you been to our city before (anyone/any one)
4．Yvonne is nobody here in town, but I suppose she's ________ in her own village. (somebody/nobody)
5．They were all tired, but ________ didn't have a rest. (anyone/any one)
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．The road to research is tough, ________ is often the case in science.
2．Larger ________ (amount) of caffeine can cause a problem called caffeinism.
3．He had more job ________ (satisfy), a better marriage and was healthier.
4．Make sure ________ you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
5．One idea is that sleep helps us ________ (strength) new memories.
6．After spending some time looking at all the defensive ________ (equip) at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
7．If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them ________ (turn) brown.
8．What's ________ (particular) interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause.
9．While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us ________ (benefit) Vitamin D．(共59张PPT)
Section E Writing Workshop,
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 视野
2．____________ n. 铜
3．____________ n. 奖牌；勋章
4．____________ n. 姿态；手势；姿势
sight
bronze
medal
gesture
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．cycle n．自行车→________ n．骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________ n．二轮自行车→________ n．三轮车
2．amaze v. 使惊讶→________ adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的→________ n．惊奇；惊愕；惊诧
3．sportsman n. 运动员→____________ n．
体育精神 →____________________ n．运动会
4．respond v. 回答，答复→________ n．回答，答复
cyclist
bicycle
tricycle
amazed
amazement
sportsmanship
sports meet/sports meeting
response
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．the final sprint ________________
2．the main character ________________
3．the finishing line ________________
4．cheer on... ________________
5．(be) ahead of ________________
6．be amazed at ________________
7．win the bronze medal ________________
8．take advantage of sth. ________________
最后的冲刺
主要人物
终点线
为……加油；为……喝彩
在……前面
对……感到惊讶
赢得铜牌
利用某物
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 看得见
2．________________ 加速
3．________________ 追上，赶上
4．________________ 获得第三名
5．________________ 第三名
(be) in sight
speed up
catch up with
come third
in third place
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)sight n．视野；视力；看见；景象；名胜(复数)vt.看见，发现)
(教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……
at first sight 乍一看；初次见到
at the sight of 看到……
catch sight of 看见，瞥见
lose one's sight 失明
lose sight of 看不见；忽略
come into sight 进入视野
in/within sight 在视野内，看得见
out of sight 在视野外，看不见
A train snaked into sight.
一列火车蜿蜒曲折地驶进了视野。
My sight is failing.
我的视力正在下降。
The sight of the garden brings back the days when we lived in Paris.
见到那座花园使我们回想起住在巴黎时的日子。
Hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in the city，
在大街上晾衣服在这座城市是很常见的景象。
We'd toured the sights of Paris.
我们已游览了巴黎的名胜。
We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes.
我们看到他那奇怪的衣服笑了起来。
Although he lost his sight, he did not lose his courage.
虽然失明了，但他并没有失去勇气。
I waited a whole hour before a bus finally came into sight.
我等了整整一个小时，公共汽车才终于出现。
The train is still in sight.
还能看得见那列火车。
[10]We sighted land after at sea for ten days.
我们在海上航行10天后看见了陆地。
[易混比较]
sight/view/scene/scenery表示“景色，风景”
·sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色；也指人造景物或奇特的景色；
·view普通用词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色；
·scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可以是人工造成的；
·scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A broken small old grey stone bridge came ________ sight.
②The theory is not as simple as you might think ________ first sight.
③The place was so crowded; we soon lost sight ________ him.
into
at
of
写出句中sight的词性及含义
④Out of sight, out of mind.________
⑤She felt sick at the sight of the dead rat.________
⑥We were frightened at the terrible sight.________
⑦All in all, not only can TV lead to poor sight but also TV occupies too much of children's time to play with others.________
⑧The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border.________
名词，视野
名词，看见
名词，景象
名词，视力
动词，看见
完成句子
⑨Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they ____________________ (看到了) an old hikers' guide.
⑩He turned to look back, but by then she was ________________ (看不见了) .
caught sight of/sighted
out of sight
2)overtake vt. & vi.超过，追上，赶上；突然发生，突然降临)
(教材原句)Surely, he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.
当然，他轻而易举就能超越埃斯特班，得第三名。
overtake sb. 追上某人
overtake sth. 超过某物
be overtaken by 被……超过；遭到……的袭击
some changes overtake suddenly 突然发生一些变化
overtake a car 超车
It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.
转弯时超车很危险。
I had to walk fast to overtake you.
我不得不快走才能赶上你。
Some changes have overtaken our university recently.
近来我们大学突然发生了一些变化。
The film star was overtaken by another trouble.
那位影星又遇上了别的麻烦。
[拓展] “副词＋动词”构成的复合动词还有：
downfall 垮台，衰落
overthrow 打倒，推翻
undergo 遭受，经历
download 下载
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was riding my bicycle along the road when a car ________ (overtake) me.
②The city has been overtaken ____________ storms for several days.
③The couple _____________ (overtake) by misfortune.
overtook
by
was overtaken
3)amazed adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的)
(教材原句)The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.
观众们对他表现出的体育精神惊叹不已，并欢呼鼓掌。
be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶
be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到/发现……
be amazed that... 惊讶……
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
much to one's amazement (＝to one's great amazement) 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊讶地
It is amazing that/how... ……真是令人惊讶。
He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.
他对本杰明用他的天赋所做的事感到惊奇。
We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.
我们惊异地发现没有人受伤。
I was amazed that her appearance changed so much.
我很惊讶她的样子改变了这么多。
He amazed everyone by passing the driving test.
他通过了驾照考试，大家都很惊奇。
I think you are doing an amazing job with those children.
我认为你在和那些孩子做一件了不起的事情。
All those around him looked at him with amazement.
周围的所有人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
[拓展]
amaze vt.使吃惊；使惊异→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazement n．惊愕；惊异
an amazing achievement/discovery惊人的成就/发现
find sb./sth. amazing觉得……了不起
[比较] amaze/surprise/astonish
·amaze语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解；
·surprise普通用词，多指因未预料或意外而引起的惊奇之感；
·astonish语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又因无法解释而感到惊奇。
[特别提醒] ing形容词常描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”； ed形容词常说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (amaze) food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
②Nanon opened her eyes wide in __________ (amaze), and looked from one face to another.
③On this expedition, I was amazed ________ (see) them in great diversity.
④Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still ________ (amaze) at their beauty as well as their potential (潜力) to cause great damage.
amazing
amazement
to see
amazed
⑤I was amazed ________ her knowledge of French literature.
⑥Much to his ________ (amaze), the injured bird struggled to its feet and flew away.
⑦Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
完成句子
⑧____________________ (我很惊讶)he'd come up with such a sweet idea.
at/by
amazement
amazed
I was amazed that
4)response n．回答，答复；反应，响应 respon vi.回答；响应；反应；回复)
(教材原句)However, Navarro refused, and his response was...
然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回答是……
in response to 作为对……的答复/反应
make/give a response to 对……作出回应/反应
make/give no response (to...) (对……)没有作出回应
respond vi. 回答；响应；反应；反响
respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应
respond with 以……应对；回复，用……报以……
respond via email or phone 通过电子邮件或电话回复
There was no response.
没有回应。
She has received a response from that college to her application.
她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。
These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
这些评论是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题作出的回应。
They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.
他们对我们的求助没有响应，这使我们所有人都很失望。
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one.
这个陌生人对我的小危机作出了很好的回应，但实际上她不是唯一的一个。
The audience responded with thunderous applause.
观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。
The guy responded that he did nothing wrong.
那个人回答说他没做错什么。
[误区警示]
respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的，而answer后直接接宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We phoned them many times to ask for help, but they made no ________ (respond).
②The product was developed ________ response to customers' demand.
③They made ________ cold response to the matter.
④We do not respond ________ every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager.
⑤She waved, and he responded ________ a charming smile.
完成句子
⑥Millions of people gave freely ________________________ (为响应呼吁) for the victims of the earthquake.
⑦The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce _________________
___________________________ (回应这个问题) yesterday.
response
in
a
to
with
in response to the appeal
made a response to the problem/responded to the problem
5)originate vt. & vi.发源于，来自(→origin n．起源，出身，起因 original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的；有独创性的，原作的 originally adv.本来，原来，最初))
(教材原句)The most popular martial arts today originated in Asia, especially in China.
如今世界上最受欢迎的武术源自亚洲，尤其是中国。
originate from practice 来源于实践
originate in a misunderstanding 由误会引起
originate with sb. 由某人提出来
Theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.
这一思想是由创作该曲的一位妇女提出来的。
They decided to stick with their original plan.
他们决定继续执行原来的计划。
She comes originally from York.
她原本来自约克郡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Locke ___________ (originate) this theory in the 17th century.
②The disease originated ___________ Africa.
③The ___________ (origin) settlers in the area are the Indians.
④It was built ________ (original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
完成句子
⑤The original organ organisation __________________________ (由一个有创见的人发起的).
originated
in
original
originally
originated with an original man
6)defend vi. & vt.保护，保卫；辩护；辩解)
(教材原句)Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others.
许多武术被发明是因为人们需要自我保护或保护他人。
(1)defend...against 保护，保卫……以免受……
defend...from 保护……使不受危险(表示“使……免遭危害”)
defend...oneself 自卫，自我防御
(2)in defence of (＝in one's defence) 保卫/捍卫……；为……辩护
The soldiers are fighting bravely to defend their country.
士兵们正为保卫祖国而英勇战斗。
They tried to defend themselves against/from the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
She defended herself successfully in court.
她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。
Nobody spoke out in his defence.
无人替他辩护。
Troops took up a defensive position around the town.
军队在城镇周围占据了防御阵地。
[拓展]
defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；怀有戒心的；防守的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They couldn't prevent us ________ (defend) the rights of students.
②You'll need lawyers ________ (defend) you.
③We must defend ourselves ________ the invaders.
④The law defends people ________ injustice.
⑤He gave his life ________ defence of his country.
⑥He made a long speech ________ (defend) his views from objection.
⑦After spending some time looking at all the ________ (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action...
defending
to defend
against
from
in
defending
defensive
7)involve vt.使参与，牵涉；使埋头，使专注)
(教材原句)Techniques involve blocking, posturing and powerful punching and kicking.
技巧包括格挡、身法、有力的拳法和脚法。
involve doing sth. 包括/涉及做某事
involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth. 让某人/自己参与(做)某事
be/become/get involved in 参加/参与/专心于……
be involved with... 与……有密切关系
The sports meet involved about 2，000 students.
约有两千名学生参加了运动会。
The job involves travelling abroad for three months each year.
这项工作包括每年三个月的国外旅行。
This problem involves us all.
这个问题把我们所有人都牵连进去了。
How many vehicles were involved in the crash
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It would involve ________ (travel) overseas.
②John would, sooner or later, involve himself ________ serious trouble.
③She ___________ (involve) in working out a puzzle.
④I don't want my son to be involved ________ any crimes.
完成句子
⑤We need to examine all the costs ________________________(与这一项目有关的) first.
travelling
in
was involved
with
involved in the project
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)take advantage of sth.利用某物；占(某人的)便宜)
(教材原句)．..Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles...……纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……
have an advantage over sb. 有胜过某人的优势/比某人更有优势
take full advantage of 充分利用
give sb. an advantage 给予某人优势
at an advantage/a disadvantage 处于有利/不利地位
to sb.'s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利
give/win/get an advantage 取得优势
to one's disadvantage 对某人不利
I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn—and hit a large maple tree!
我利用我短暂的自由冲过草坪——撞到了一棵大枫树上！
He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.
他总是充分利用对手的失误。
The little children did not know how much to pay for the candy, and the store owner took advantage of them.
小孩子们不知道买那糖果该付多少钱，于是店主便占了他们的便宜。
A man who can think will always have an advantage over others.
能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。
The situation is of great advantage to the developing countries.
形势对发展中国家极为有利。
You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.
如果你预先考虑过面试中的问题，你就会处于优势。
He had to stay at home but turned it to his advantage by catching up on his reading.
他不得不待在家里，但他利用了这一时机赶紧把书读完。
[易错比较]
take advantage of＋人→指“利用”某人，占某人的便宜
take advantage of＋物→指利用某物的便利条件
[联想] make use of利用
make full/good use of充分利用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It would be ________ your advantage to prepare questions in advance.
②They had a major advantage ______ their better known rivals—their products were cheaper.
③I'm going to take advantage ________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
④She was always ________ an advantage in arguments.
⑤In fact, only hard work combined with proper ways will give you ______ advantage over others.
to
over
of
at
an
完成句子
⑥He ______________________ (利用) his fine secretary by leaving all the work to her and doing nothing himself.
⑦You can use the skills to ______________________ (使自己比……更有优势) your competitors.
takes advantage of
give you an advantage over
2)refer to...as...把……称为；认为……是 refer to提及；查阅，参考；指，针对(to是介词))
(教材原句)Martial arts are often referred to as either soft or hard.
武术通常作为软功夫或硬功夫被提到。
They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.
他们把这种艺术叫做微型艺术。
All these are referred to as animals.所有这些都叫做动物。
The speaker referred to the past to make his point.
发言人谈到了过去来证明自己的观点。
By referring to his notes, the speaker was able to give the exact details required.
翻阅了一下他的笔记，发言人能够把所要求的精确的细节讲述出来。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
②Oil is often referred ________ as blood for industry.
③You mustn't refer ________ the reference books in the exam.
④When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't ________ (refer) to you.
as
to
to
referring
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)语法点——had been doing...过去完成进行时)
(教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……
Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
本杰明被迫承认了他一直在做的事情。
[说明]
(1)过去完成进行时的构成：had been＋现在分词。
(2)用法：过去完成进行时强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。到过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
我找了它好多天才找到。
②表示在过去某一时间时动作刚停止。
He stopped swimming. He had been swimming for the last three hours.
他停止了游泳。他已经游了三个小时了。
③表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
④常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating．医生问他吃了什么。
(3)过去完成进行时与过去完成时。
①过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近。如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，可以用过去完成进行时。
He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.
他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。
②在否定句中，多用过去完成时代替过去完成进行时。
He had not practised English for many years.(常见)
He had not been practising English for many years.(少见)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He came back at seven. He ____________ (wait) for her for two hours.
②He thought that she _____________ (watch) him when he passed.
③At last they got the information they ______________ (expect).
④I asked where they ____________ (stay) all those days.
⑤It ____________ (snow) for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.
had been waiting
had been watching
had been expecting
had been staying
had been snowing
完成句子
⑥And I realised he ____________________________________ (一直在做音乐老师总是强调的事情): concentrate on the music and pretend the others aren't there.
⑦He told me that he ________________________ (一直教物理课) for more than twenty years.
had been doing what music teachers always stress
had been teaching physics
2)并列连词while表“然而”连接的并列句)
(教材原句)Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.
纳瓦罗让埃斯特班得了第三，而他得了第四。
She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
她住在一楼，而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。
句式分析
(1)while作为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。
(2)while作从属连词时，可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，后跟延续性动词。
We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.
趁着年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。
(3)while作从属连词时，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……，但是……”。
While I believe it is true, I can't prove it.
虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。
(4)while作从属连词时，可引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，表示“只要”。
While there is life，there is hope.
有生命就有希望。(或：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。)
[一言辨异]
while和but作并列连词时都可表示语意的转折，但while同时表示前后情况的对比。
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
The watch is cheap，but it goes quite well.
这块表虽然便宜，但走得很准。
[即学即练] 写出句中while的含义
①While we were swimming in the river, we saw a fish jump out of water.________
②Some people work better to music while others do not.________
③While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.________
④Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security (安全) blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.________
当……时候
而
虽然
而
⑤There will be life while there is water and air.________
完成句子
⑥The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations ____________________________ (当我们努力集中注意力的时候).
只要
while we're trying to focus
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few senior speakers ________ (leave).
②China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in interna tional affairs.
③With spring ________ (come), trees turn green.
④With a lot of work ________ (do), he wasn't allowed to go out.
⑤With all his work ________ (finish), he went home early.
left
recognizing
coming
to do
finished
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Despite winning the bronze medal, we felt it was a sign of ________ (体育精神).
2．At the moment，we are looking forward to your ________ (答复).
3．The ship disappeared from his ________ (视野).
sportsmanship
response
sight
Ⅱ.短语填空
out of sight, be amazed at, a bronze medal, in response to, take advantage of, refer to, refer to...as..., involve sb./oneself in...
1．The audience rose to clap ____________ his wonderful performance.
2．At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________ in the distance.
3．Visitors _______________ the students' amazing fluency in spoken English.
4．It surprised us that he won ____________ in the gymnastics.
in response to
out of sight
were amazed at
a bronze medal
5．John has adapted to the new environment and has ____________ every opportunity to make friends.
6．The dispute (争议) ____________ the United Nations.
7．Dodd ____________ the novel ________ a good history book.
8．The young man ________________ the crime.
taken advantage of
was referred to
referred to
as
involved himself in
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．They help the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections.
2．Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and ________ (flexible).
3．________ (take) advantage of the new technologies, scammers can aim at victims precisely.
4．We were so ________ (amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
5．Not everyone acts the same in response ________ events...
against
flexibility
Taking
amazed
to
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．约翰喜欢踢足球而彼得却喜欢打篮球。(while连接并列句)
_______________________________________________________
2．王教授走进教室，手里拿着几本书。(with复合结构)
_______________________________________________________
John likes playing football, while Peter likes playing basketball.
Professor Wang walked into the classroom with several books in his hand.Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 视野
2．____________ n. 铜
3．____________ n. 奖牌；勋章
4．____________ n. 姿态；手势；姿势
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．cycle n．自行车→________ n．骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________ n．二轮自行车→________ n．三轮车
2．amaze v. 使惊讶→________ adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的→________ n．惊奇；惊愕；惊诧
3．sportsman n. 运动员→________ n．体育精神 →________ n．运动会
4．respond v. 回答，答复→________ n．回答，答复
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．the final sprint ________________
2．the main character ________________
3．the finishing line ________________
4．cheer on... ________________
5．(be) ahead of ________________
6．be amazed at ________________
7．win the bronze medal ________________
8．take advantage of sth. ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 看得见
2．________________ 加速
3．________________ 追上，赶上
4．________________ 获得第三名
5．________________ 第三名
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)sight n．视野；视力；看见；景象；名胜(复数)vt.看见，发现)
(教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……
at first sight 乍一看；初次见到
at the sight of 看到……
catch sight of 看见，瞥见
lose one's sight 失明
lose sight of 看不见；忽略
come into sight 进入视野
in/within sight 在视野内，看得见
out of sight 在视野外，看不见
A train snaked into sight.一列火车蜿蜒曲折地驶进了视野。
My sight is failing.我的视力正在下降。
The sight of the garden brings back the days when we lived in Paris.见到那座花园使我们回想起住在巴黎时的日子。
Hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in the city，
在大街上晾衣服在这座城市是很常见的景象。
We'd toured the sights of Paris.
我们已游览了巴黎的名胜。
We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes.
我们看到他那奇怪的衣服笑了起来。
Although he lost his sight, he did not lose his courage.
虽然失明了，但他并没有失去勇气。
I waited a whole hour before a bus finally came into sight.
我等了整整一个小时，公共汽车才终于出现。
The train is still in sight.还能看得见那列火车。
We sighted land after at sea for ten days.
我们在海上航行10天后看见了陆地。
[易混比较] sight/view/scene/scenery表示“景色，风景”
·sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色；也指人造景物或奇特的景色；
·view普通用词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色；
·scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可以是人工造成的；
·scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A broken small old grey stone bridge came ________ sight.
②The theory is not as simple as you might think ________ first sight.
③The place was so crowded; we soon lost sight ________ him.
写出句中sight的词性及含义
④Out of sight, out of mind.________
⑤She felt sick at the sight of the dead rat.________
⑥We were frightened at the terrible sight.________
⑦All in all, not only can TV lead to poor sight but also TV occupies too much of children's time to play with others.________
⑧The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border.________
完成句子
⑨Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they ____________________ (看到了) an old hikers' guide.
⑩He turned to look back, but by then she was ________________ (看不见了) .
2)overtake vt. & vi.超过，追上，赶上；突然发生，突然降临)
(教材原句)Surely, he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.
当然，他轻而易举就能超越埃斯特班，得第三名。
overtake sb. 追上某人
overtake sth. 超过某物
be overtaken by 被……超过；遭到……的袭击
some changes overtake suddenly 突然发生一些变化
overtake a car 超车
It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.
转弯时超车很危险。
I had to walk fast to overtake you.
我不得不快走才能赶上你。
Some changes have overtaken our university recently.
近来我们大学突然发生了一些变化。
The film star was overtaken by another trouble.
那位影星又遇上了别的麻烦。
[拓展] “副词＋动词”构成的复合动词还有：
downfall 垮台，衰落
overthrow 打倒，推翻
undergo 遭受，经历
download 下载
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was riding my bicycle along the road when a car ________ (overtake) me.
②The city has been overtaken ____________ storms for several days.
③The couple ________ (overtake) by misfortune.
3)amazed adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的)
(教材原句)The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.
观众们对他表现出的体育精神惊叹不已，并欢呼鼓掌。
be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶
be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到/发现……
be amazed that... 惊讶……
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
much to one's amazement (＝to one's great amazement) 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊讶地
It is amazing that/how... ……真是令人惊讶。
He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.
他对本杰明用他的天赋所做的事感到惊奇。
We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.
我们惊异地发现没有人受伤。
I was amazed that her appearance changed so much.
我很惊讶她的样子改变了这么多。
He amazed everyone by passing the driving test.
他通过了驾照考试，大家都很惊奇。
I think you are doing an amazing job with those children.
我认为你在和那些孩子做一件了不起的事情。
All those around him looked at him with amazement.
周围的所有人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
[拓展] amaze vt.使吃惊；使惊异→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazement n．惊愕；惊异
an amazing achievement/discovery惊人的成就/发现
find sb./sth. amazing觉得……了不起
[比较] amaze/surprise/astonish
·amaze语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解；
·surprise普通用词，多指因未预料或意外而引起的惊奇之感；
·astonish语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又因无法解释而感到惊奇。
[特别提醒] ing形容词常描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”； ed形容词常说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (amaze) food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
②Nanon opened her eyes wide in ________ (amaze), and looked from one face to another.
③On this expedition, I was amazed ________ (see) them in great diversity.
④Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still ________ (amaze) at their beauty as well as their potential (潜力) to cause great damage.
⑤I was amazed ________ her knowledge of French literature.
⑥Much to his ________ (amaze), the injured bird struggled to its feet and flew away.
⑦Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
完成句子
⑧____________________ (我很惊讶)he'd come up with such a sweet idea.
4)response n．回答，答复；反应，响应 respon vi.回答；响应；反应；回复)
(教材原句)However, Navarro refused, and his response was...
然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回答是……
in response to 作为对……的答复/反应
make/give a response to 对……作出回应/反应
make/give no response (to...) (对……)没有作出回应
respond vi. 回答；响应；反应；反响
respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应
respond with 以……应对；回复，用……报以……
respond via email or phone 通过电子邮件或电话回复
There was no response.没有回应。
She has received a response from that college to her application.
她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。
These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
这些评论是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题作出的回应。
They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.他们对我们的求助没有响应，这使我们所有人都很失望。
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one.
这个陌生人对我的小危机作出了很好的回应，但实际上她不是唯一的一个。
The audience responded with thunderous applause.
观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。
The guy responded that he did nothing wrong.
那个人回答说他没做错什么。
[误区警示] respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的，而answer后直接接宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We phoned them many times to ask for help, but they made no ________ (respond).
②The product was developed ________ response to customers' demand.
③They made ________ cold response to the matter.
④We do not respond ________ every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager.
⑤She waved, and he responded ________ a charming smile.
完成句子
⑥Millions of people gave freely ________________________ (为响应呼吁) for the victims of the earthquake.
⑦The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce ____________________________ (回应这个问题) yesterday.
5)originate vt. & vi.发源于，来自(→origin n．起源，出身，起因 original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的；有独创性的，原作的 originally adv.本来，原来，最初))
(教材原句)The most popular martial arts today originated in Asia, especially in China.
如今世界上最受欢迎的武术源自亚洲，尤其是中国。
originate from practice 来源于实践
originate in a misunderstanding 由误会引起
originate with sb. 由某人提出来
Theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.
这一思想是由创作该曲的一位妇女提出来的。
They decided to stick with their original plan.
他们决定继续执行原来的计划。
She comes originally from York.
她原本来自约克郡。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Locke ________ (originate) this theory in the 17th century.
②The disease originated ________ Africa.
③The ________ (origin) settlers in the area are the Indians.
④It was built ________ (original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
完成句子
⑤The original organ organisation ____________________ (由一个有创见的人发起的).
6)defend vi. & vt.保护，保卫；辩护；辩解)
(教材原句)Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others.
许多武术被发明是因为人们需要自我保护或保护他人。
(1)defend...against 保护，保卫……以免受……
defend...from 保护……使不受危险(表示“使……免遭危害”)
defend...oneself 自卫，自我防御
(2)in defence of (＝in one's defence) 保卫/捍卫……；为……辩护
The soldiers are fighting bravely to defend their country.
士兵们正为保卫祖国而英勇战斗。
They tried to defend themselves against/from the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
She defended herself successfully in court.
她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。
Nobody spoke out in his defence.无人替他辩护。
Troops took up a defensive position around the town.
军队在城镇周围占据了防御阵地。
[拓展] defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；怀有戒心的；防守的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They couldn't prevent us ________ (defend) the rights of students.
②You'll need lawyers ________ (defend) you.
③We must defend ourselves ________ the invaders.
④The law defends people ________ injustice.
⑤He gave his life ________ defence of his country.
⑥He made a long speech ________ (defend) his views from objection.
⑦After spending some time looking at all the ________ (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action...
7)involve vt.使参与，牵涉；使埋头，使专注)
(教材原句)Techniques involve blocking, posturing and powerful punching and kicking.
技巧包括格挡、身法、有力的拳法和脚法。
involve doing sth. 包括/涉及做某事
involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth. 让某人/自己参与(做)某事
be/become/get involved in 参加/参与/专心于……
be involved with... 与……有密切关系
The sports meet involved about 2，000 students.
约有两千名学生参加了运动会。
The job involves travelling abroad for three months each year.
这项工作包括每年三个月的国外旅行。
This problem involves us all.
这个问题把我们所有人都牵连进去了。
How many vehicles were involved in the crash
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It would involve ________ (travel) overseas.
②John would, sooner or later, involve himself ________ serious trouble.
③She ________ (involve) in working out a puzzle.
④I don't want my son to be involved ________ any crimes.
完成句子
⑤We need to examine all the costs ________________________(与这一项目有关的) first.
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)take advantage of sth.利用某物；占(某人的)便宜)
(教材原句)．..Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles...……纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……
have an advantage over sb. 有胜过某人的优势/比某人更有优势
take full advantage of 充分利用
give sb. an advantage 给予某人优势
at an advantage/a disadvantage 处于有利/不利地位
to sb.'s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利
give/win/get an advantage 取得优势
to one's disadvantage 对某人不利
I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn—and hit a large maple tree!
我利用我短暂的自由冲过草坪——撞到了一棵大枫树上！
He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.
他总是充分利用对手的失误。
The little children did not know how much to pay for the candy, and the store owner took advantage of them.
小孩子们不知道买那糖果该付多少钱，于是店主便占了他们的便宜。
A man who can think will always have an advantage over others.能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。
The situation is of great advantage to the developing countries.
形势对发展中国家极为有利。
You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.
如果你预先考虑过面试中的问题，你就会处于优势。
He had to stay at home but turned it to his advantage by catching up on his reading.他不得不待在家里，但他利用了这一时机赶紧把书读完。
[易错比较] take advantage of＋人→指“利用”某人，占某人的便宜
take advantage of＋物→指利用某物的便利条件
[联想] make use of利用
make full/good use of充分利用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It would be ________ your advantage to prepare questions in advance.
②They had a major advantage ______ their better known rivals—their products were cheaper.
③I'm going to take advantage ________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.
④She was always ________ an advantage in arguments.
⑤In fact, only hard work combined with proper ways will give you ______ advantage over others.
完成句子
⑥He ______________________ (利用) his fine secretary by leaving all the work to her and doing nothing himself.
⑦You can use the skills to ______________________ (使自己比……更有优势) your competitors.
2)refer to...as...把……称为；认为……是 refer to提及；查阅，参考；指，针对(to是介词))
(教材原句)Martial arts are often referred to as either soft or hard.
武术通常作为软功夫或硬功夫被提到。
They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.
他们把这种艺术叫做微型艺术。
All these are referred to as animals.所有这些都叫做动物。
The speaker referred to the past to make his point.
发言人谈到了过去来证明自己的观点。
By referring to his notes, the speaker was able to give the exact details required.
翻阅了一下他的笔记，发言人能够把所要求的精确的细节讲述出来。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
②Oil is often referred ________ as blood for industry.
③You mustn't refer ________ the reference books in the exam.
④When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't ________ (refer) to you.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)语法点——had been doing...过去完成进行时)
(教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……
Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
本杰明被迫承认了他一直在做的事情。
[说明]
(1)过去完成进行时的构成：had been＋现在分词。
(2)用法：过去完成进行时强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。到过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
我找了它好多天才找到。
②表示在过去某一时间时动作刚停止。
He stopped swimming. He had been swimming for the last three hours.
他停止了游泳。他已经游了三个小时了。
③表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
④常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating．医生问他吃了什么。
(3)过去完成进行时与过去完成时。
①过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近。如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，可以用过去完成进行时。
He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.
他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。
②在否定句中，多用过去完成时代替过去完成进行时。
He had not practised English for many years.(常见)
He had not been practising English for many years.(少见)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He came back at seven. He ________ (wait) for her for two hours.
②He thought that she ________ (watch) him when he passed.
③At last they got the information they ________ (expect).
④I asked where they ________ (stay) all those days.
⑤It ________ (snow) for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.
完成句子
⑥And I realised he ____________________________________ (一直在做音乐老师总是强调的事情): concentrate on the music and pretend the others aren't there.
⑦He told me that he __________________________________ (一直教物理课) for more than twenty years.
2)并列连词while表“然而”连接的并列句)
(教材原句)Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.
纳瓦罗让埃斯特班得了第三，而他得了第四。
She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
她住在一楼，而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。
句式分析
(1)while作为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。
(2)while作从属连词时，可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，后跟延续性动词。
We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.
趁着年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。
(3)while作从属连词时，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……，但是……”。
While I believe it is true, I can't prove it.
虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。
(4)while作从属连词时，可引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，表示“只要”。
While there is life，there is hope.
有生命就有希望。(或：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。)
[一言辨异] while和but作并列连词时都可表示语意的转折，但while同时表示前后情况的对比。
There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.
东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。
The watch is cheap，but it goes quite well.
这块表虽然便宜，但走得很准。,[即学即练] 写出句中while的含义
①While we were swimming in the river, we saw a fish jump out of water.________
②Some people work better to music while others do not.________
③While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.________
④Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security (安全) blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.________
⑤There will be life while there is water and air.________
完成句子
⑥The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations ____________________________ (当我们努力集中注意力的时候).
3)with复合结构作状语)
(教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了几个小时，终点线就在眼前……
In summer，we often sleep with the window open.
在夏天，我们经常开窗睡觉。
句式分析 with＋宾语＋
例如：
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few senior speakers ________ (leave).
②China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in interna tional affairs.
③With spring ________ (come), trees turn green.
④With a lot of work ________ (do), he wasn't allowed to go out.
⑤With all his work ________ (finish), he went home early.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Despite winning the bronze medal, we felt it was a sign of ________ (体育精神).
2．At the moment，we are looking forward to your ________ (答复).
3．The ship disappeared from his ________ (视野).
Ⅱ.短语填空
out of sight, be amazed at, a bronze medal, in response to, take advantage of, refer to, refer to...as..., involve sb./oneself in...
1．The audience rose to clap ____________ his wonderful performance.
2．At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________ in the distance.
3．Visitors ____________ the students' amazing fluency in spoken English.
4．It surprised us that he won ____________ in the gymnastics.
5．John has adapted to the new environment and has ____________ every opportunity to make friends.
6．The dispute (争议) ____________ the United Nations.
7．Dodd ____________ the novel ________ a good history book.
8．The young man ____________ the crime.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．They help the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections.
2．Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and ________ (flexible).
3．________ (take) advantage of the new technologies, scammers can aim at victims precisely.
4．We were so ________ (amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
5．Not everyone acts the same in response ________ events...
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．约翰喜欢踢足球而彼得却喜欢打篮球。(while连接并列句)
________________________________________________________________________
2．王教授走进教室，手里拿着几本书。(with复合结构)
________________________________________________________________________(共55张PPT)
Section F 单元语法专项
单元语法专项(1)
——定语从句
——关系代词及其用法
(一) 定语从句概述
1．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．构成：
3．分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(二) 关系代词的用法
1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The number of tourists that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来游览这座城市的游客数量达到了100万。(指人，作主语)
This is the suitcase (that) she is looking for.
这就是她在找的那个手提箱。(指物，作宾语)
2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The place (which) I used to live in has become a court.
我过去住的地方现在变成了一个球场。
What's that which crashed in the sky just now
刚才天空中坠毁的是什么东西？
3．who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
We are concerned about the people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.
我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。(作主语)
I happened to meet the athlete (who/whom) I got to know at a party.
我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的运动员。
Jack is no longer the underdog (who/whom) I met five years ago.
杰克不再是五年前我见到的弱者了。(作宾语)
4．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也常可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)
5．whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person, whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。
误区警示
①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所指代的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
The film (that/which) we saw it last night was very frightening.(×)
The film (that/which) we saw last night was very frightening.(√)
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时常可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day？
那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？
(三) 用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing that we should do now is to have a balanced diet.
我们现在要做的第一件事就是均衡饮食。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
2．当先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
He did everything that he could to earn his living.
他做了一切能做的事来谋生。
In this factory I found little that was in good shape.
在这家工厂，我发现几乎没有状态好的东西。
Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
请把你所掌握的有关这个主题的任何资料寄给我们。
3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。
The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
This is the very book that I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本书。
学法点拨
以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以以上情况出现时用that引导定语从句。
4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.
有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。
5．当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
(四) 用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
1．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。
2．当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
3．当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him is what we want to know.
你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系词是that，那么另一个的关系词宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
(五) 用who不用that引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all等。
Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing？
你们班有人擅长唱歌吗？
2．在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.
有位年轻女士休克了。
3．当先行词是people, those时。
People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.
想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。
The students you should learn from are those who graduated from famous universities.
你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长。
(六) 定语从句中的主谓一致
1．关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。
I'm fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢在青少年中受欢迎的那支曲子。
(七) 关系代词as引导定语从句
1．as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...等结构中，as不能省略。
I'll buy the same dictionary as you have.
我要买和你的一样的词典。
Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.
我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can't persuade her to change her mind.
你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。
My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.
我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光，这种情况在老年人中很常见。
归纳梳理
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用的固定表达：
as we all know正如我们所知
as is well known众所周知
as you see如你所见
as we expect正如我们所料
as often happens正如经常发生的
as I can remember正如我所记得的
as has been said before如前所述
as is/was expected正如预料的那样
as can be seen正如所见
as is often the case情况常常是这样
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词完成句子
1．Anyone ________ is voluntary to be defeated in a competition will become an underdog.
2．The cyclist overtook the others and was soon out of sight, ________ made us much amazed.
3．He gathered around all the energy ________ he had to shoot the goal.
4．The teen ________ used to be addicted to online games now doesn't surf the Internet anymore.
5．He finally achieved his aim, ________ didn't let us down.
6．The athlete ________ is tall on campus is my partner.
who
which
that
who/that
which
who/that
7．Gymnastics is a challenging sport ________ I have never tried before.
8．The athlete ___________ I don't know appears in the gym, track and tennis court from time to time.
9．It is not convenient for those ________ have disabilities to climb stairs.
10．Almost all teens ________ live in our city have surfed the net, according to a recent report.
11．All in all, I would prefer gymnastics rather than jogging, ________ is slow and doesn't fit my character.
12．She is an athlete _____________ tends to feel nervous in every competition.
which/that
who/whom/that
who
who/that
which
who/that
13．Tom, ________ has recovered from his injury, is now in good shape.
14．A balanced diet is one ________ can provide you with a positive lifestyle.
15．Such a problem ________ arises at a very high frequency, once within a few days, can't be avoided.
16．She ________ was put in an awkward position couldn't cheer up at the moment.
17．To be frank, you ought to seek tips from experts ________ have professional knowledge.
18．The company organised an annual trip ________ all the employees ought to sign up for.
who
that
as
who
who/that
which/that
19．To my disappointment, I can't entirely remove the tension and stress ___________ my daily work brings to me.
20．You can't give up, ________ means you can't quit halfway.
21．Mary was a volunteer ________ efforts paid off and she earned a clap finally.
22．To his satisfaction, he got the job ________ he had applied for after graduating from college.
23．Unfortunately, he crashed into a truck __________ was dragging a dustbin.
24．Those ________ can't face various kinds of challenges will not keep up with the current situation.
which/that
which
whose
which/that
which/that
who
25．Experts remind us to use various methods to reduce tension and stress ___________ we meet with in our life.
26．The police are eager to know the details of the accident ________ happened last night.
27．Make sure that someone is responsible for the quality of goods ________ your company has produced.
28．To the disappointment of the audience, the athlete ________ got an injury in the leg was defeated in the game.
29．The volunteers ________ regularly contact the community aim to deal with their tough problems.
30．To her relief, the charity organisation accepted the orphan ________ she had discovered on the road.
that/which
which/that
which/that
who/that
who/that
who/whom/that
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．They are building a hospital near the street ________ we used to live.
2．The present ________ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
3．Happiness is one of the things ________ money can not buy.
4．I'll never forget the day ________ I joined the League in my middle school.
5．The man ________ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
6．Do you still remember the farm ________ we worked together five years ago
7．The student ____________ the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.
where
which/that
that/which
when
whose
where
whom/who/that
8．The newspaper ________ you are reading is out of date.
9．Do you remember the time ________ we got lost in the park
10．I'll never forget the time ________ we spent together in the army camp.
11．Tell me the reason ________ the American lady left in a hurry.
12．Do you know the boy ________ was praised at the meeting
13．Ellen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the speaking contest.
14．The manager walked toward the gate ________ the workers were waiting.
15．Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone ________ family was poor.
which/that
when
which/that
why
who/that
who/that
where
whose
16．We are learning English, a language ________ is used in many fields in the world.
17．This magazine belongs to the teacher ___________ teaches us chemistry.
18．Anyone ________ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall.
19．The house ________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago.
20．The medicine ___________ he bought is good for your health.
which/that
who/that
who
which/that
which/that
Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的关系代词)
Tom, 1.________ is a primary student, is having supper at the new table 2.________ his father bought this morning. A little white dog 3.________ name is Maomao is sitting beside him. It is waiting for food 4.________ Tom gives to it from time to time. Suddenly, Tom's mother, beside 5.________ lies a yellow cat, says, “Tom, have you seen the book 6.________ I bought last week in the bookstore at 7.________ your aunt works I wrote the date on it when I'll have to pay the bills to the bank.” Smiling, Tom looks down at Maomao, 8.________ is sitting on the right book now. He says softly, “Run away from the book 9.________ Mother is looking for, or she'll punish you.” Then Tom gives the book 10.________ cover is a little dirty to his mother.
who
which/that
whose
which/that
whom
which/that
which
who
which/that
whose
单元语法专项(2)
——复合不定代词
(一) 复合不定代词的定义和功能
不指明替代某个(些)人，某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。由some ， any ， no ， every 与 one, body, thing等组合，构成复合不定代词。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。
(二) 复合不定代词的指代对象
1．含 body和 one的复合不定代词只用来指人，含 body的复合不定代词与含 one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用 body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用 one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。
Someone/Somebody is doing boxing in the next room.
有人在隔壁房间打拳击。
2．含 thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。
By the time I got home last night, I was too tired to do anything active.我昨晚到家时累得无法动弹。
(三) 复合不定代词的属格
1．含- one和- body等指人的复合不定代词可有 's属格形式。
Everybody's business is nobody's business.
众人之事无人管。
Is this anybody's seat？这儿有人坐吗？
2．含 -one和 -body等指人的复合不定代词后跟else时，- 's属格应加在else之后。
Can you remember someone else's name
你能记得其他人的名字吗？
3．含- thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有- 's属格形式。
(四) 复合不定代词的数
复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是第三人称单数。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Is everyone here today？
今天大家都到齐了吗？
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(五) 复合不定代词的替代问题
由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正式的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。
1．含- one和- body等指人的复合不定代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her，其 's属格形式的代词应该是his/her，his/hers。
Everyone has his/her own words.
每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。
但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs指代复合不定代词，尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。
No one gave you a ticket，did they？
没人给你票，是吗？
No one succeeds overnight, do they
没有人能突然成功，是吗？
2．含 thing等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。
Something goes wrong，doesn't it？
出问题了，不是吗？
(六) 复合不定代词的定语
复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。
Can you tell something interesting
你能讲些有趣的事情吗？
(七) 含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything; someone和anyone; somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
1．something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
He found something strange but interesting.
他发现了一些奇怪却有趣的事情。
Do you have anything to say？
你有话要说吗？
I can't meet anybody on the island.
在岛上，我遇不到任何人。
2．在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中、希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。
Would you like something to eat
你想要吃点儿东西吗？
3．当anything表示“任何事(物)，无论何事(物)”、anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。
Anything is OK.
什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.
任何人都知道答案。
Anybody over 18 can try out for this competition.
凡是超过18岁的人都可以参加这次比赛。
(八) 复合不定代词的否定
1．“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。
Not everything will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn't call everyone's name.
老师并没有点所有人的名字。
2．“not any-”和no-均表示全部否定。
He listened, but heard nothing.
＝He listened, but didn't hear anything.
他听了听，但什么也没听到。
You haven't called anyone/anybody up, have you
＝You have called no one/nobody up, have you
你没给任何人打过电话，是吗？
(九) 复合不定代词作名词
复合不定代词可以充当名词，表示“……的事情(东西或人)”
1．someone/somebody，anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，no one/nobody则指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。
2．something，anything的意义是“重要事情(东西)”，everything表示“最重要的事情(东西)”，nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。
(十) 合与分的区别问题
1．someone, anyone, everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.
任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
—Which toy would you like？
你要哪个玩具？
—Any one is OK.
哪个都可以。
2．no one (＝nobody)“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可用来指人也可用来指物，可与介词of连用。
No one can do it better.
没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.
这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
3．回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。
—Who was late？谁迟到了？
—No one.谁也没有迟到。
—How many pigs do you keep？你养了几头猪？
—None.一头也没养。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用复合不定代词填空
1．—Do you know _____________ in the store
—Sorry, I don't know them.
2．___________ is in the room. It's empty.
3．This was my first time in Wuhan, so ________ was really interesting.
4．—Could you give me ________ to drink
—Sure! Here you are.
5．—Kangkang, is ________________ here today
—No, Jim isn't here. He is in hospital.
6．I'm hungry. I want ________ to eat.
anyone/anybody
No one/Nobody
everything
something
everyone/everybody
something
7．—Do you have ________ to say for yourself
—No, I have ________ to say.
8．Why not ask _________________ to help you
9．There's ________ wrong with his eyes. He's OK.
10．—The story is so amazing! It's the most interesting story I've ever read.
—But I'm afraid it won't be liked by ____________________．
11．—Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard
—Sorry! I can see ________．
12．________ is impossible if you don't quit halfway.
13．She doesn't know ______________ here. She really can't cheer up.
anything
nothing
someone/somebody
nothing
everybody/everyone
nothing
Nothing
anyone/anybody
14．—Look, ______________ has gathered the newspapers on the floor.
—Well, it wasn't me.
15．To my disappointment, David is never interested in what ________ else is doing.
16．She listened carefully, but heard ________．
17．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______
18．________ of us is active in English class.
19．—The exam wasn't difficult, was it
—No, but I don't think _________________ could pass it.
20．—Look! Can you see ________ behind the tree
—Yes, I think it's a cat.
somebody/someone
anyone/
anybody
nothing
everything
Every one
everybody/everyone
anything
21．—Wow! You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
22．My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________ was available in that shop.
23．Granny wanted some more coffee but there was ________ left in the coffee maker.
24．Charles was alone at home, with ________ looking after him.
25．—How do you find your new classmates
—Most of them are kind, but ________ is so good to me as Bruce.
26．I think ________ of us can repair it.
27．I thought there would be many students in the hall, but when I got in I found ________．
28．Everyone wants to be a hero, but ________ wants to die.
none
none
none
no one
none
none
none
none
Ⅱ.语法填空(用适当的复合不定代词)
Yesterday I went somewhere wonderful. Can you guess where it was Yes, 1._______________ in my class went to the zoo. 2.________ was so exciting in the zoo. We saw some monkeys playing in the trees. The pandas were so lovely. I took quite a few photos of animals. 3.______________ had a good time. But on our way home, there was 4.________ wrong with our bus, so we waited for a long time. However, 5.______________ seemed to be bored. My brother Jack didn't go anywhere. He didn't do 6.___________ interesting. He just stayed at home and played computer games.
everyone/everybody
Everything
Everyone/Everybody
something
no one/nobody
anythingSection F 单元语法专项(1)——定语从句——关系代词及其用法
(一) 定语从句概述
1．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．构成：
3．分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
4.
关系代词的具体用法见下表：
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
which 物 主语/宾语
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
(二) 关系代词的用法
1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The number of tourists that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来游览这座城市的游客数量达到了100万。(指人，作主语)
This is the suitcase (that) she is looking for.
这就是她在找的那个手提箱。(指物，作宾语)
2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The place (which) I used to live in has become a court.我过去住的地方现在变成了一个球场。
What's that which crashed in the sky just now
刚才天空中坠毁的是什么东西？
3．who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
We are concerned about the people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.
我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。(作主语)
I happened to meet the athlete (who/whom) I got to know at a party.
我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的运动员。
Jack is no longer the underdog (who/whom) I met five years ago.
杰克不再是五年前我见到的弱者了。(作宾语)
4．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也常可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)
5．whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person, whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。
误区警示
①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所指代的名词或代词。
昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
The film (that/which) we saw it last night was very frightening.(×)
The film (that/which) we saw last night was very frightening.(√)
②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时常可以省略。
Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day？那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？
(三) 用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing that we should do now is to have a balanced diet.
我们现在要做的第一件事就是均衡饮食。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
2．当先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
He did everything that he could to earn his living.
他做了一切能做的事来谋生。
In this factory I found little that was in good shape.
在这家工厂，我发现几乎没有状态好的东西。
Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
请把你所掌握的有关这个主题的任何资料寄给我们。
3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。
The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
This is the very book that I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本书。
学法点拨
以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以以上情况出现时用that引导定语从句。
4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.
有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。
5．当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
(四) 用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
1．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。
2．当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
3．当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him is what we want to know.
你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系词是that，那么另一个的关系词宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
(五) 用who不用that引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all等。
Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing？你们班有人擅长唱歌吗？
2．在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.
有位年轻女士休克了。
3．当先行词是people, those时。
People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.
想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。
The students you should learn from are those who graduated from famous universities.
你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长。
(六) 定语从句中的主谓一致
1．关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。
I'm fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.
我喜欢在青少年中受欢迎的那支曲子。
2.
He is one of the students who have a good command of French.
他是精通法语的学生之一。(the students为先行词)
He is the only one of the students who has a good command of French.
他是学生中唯一精通法语的。(the only one为先行词)
(七) 关系代词as引导定语从句
1．as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...等结构中，as不能省略。
I'll buy the same dictionary as you have.
我要买和你的一样的词典。
Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.
我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。
误区警示
当先行词被the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，此时指同一物，而不是同一类。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。
As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can't persuade her to change her mind.
你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。
My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.
我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光，这种情况在老年人中很常见。
归纳梳理
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用的固定表达：
as we all know正如我们所知
as is well known众所周知
as you see如你所见
as we expect正如我们所料
as often happens正如经常发生的
as I can remember正如我所记得的
as has been said before如前所述
as is/was expected正如预料的那样
as can be seen正如所见
as is often the case情况常常是这样
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词完成句子
1．Anyone ________ is voluntary to be defeated in a competition will become an underdog.
2．The cyclist overtook the others and was soon out of sight, ________ made us much amazed.
3．He gathered around all the energy ________ he had to shoot the goal.
4．The teen ________ used to be addicted to online games now doesn't surf the Internet anymore.
5．He finally achieved his aim, ________ didn't let us down.
6．The athlete ________ is tall on campus is my partner.
7．Gymnastics is a challenging sport ________ I have never tried before.
8．The athlete ________ I don't know appears in the gym, track and tennis court from time to time.
9．It is not convenient for those ________ have disabilities to climb stairs.
10．Almost all teens ________ live in our city have surfed the net, according to a recent report.
11．All in all, I would prefer gymnastics rather than jogging, ________ is slow and doesn't fit my character.
12．She is an athlete ________ tends to feel nervous in every competition.
13．Tom, ________ has recovered from his injury, is now in good shape.
14．A balanced diet is one ________ can provide you with a positive lifestyle.
15．Such a problem ________ arises at a very high frequency, once within a few days, can't be avoided.
16．She ________ was put in an awkward position couldn't cheer up at the moment.
17．To be frank, you ought to seek tips from experts ________ have professional knowledge.
18．The company organised an annual trip ________ all the employees ought to sign up for.
19．To my disappointment, I can't entirely remove the tension and stress ________ my daily work brings to me.
20．You can't give up, ________ means you can't quit halfway.
21．Mary was a volunteer ________ efforts paid off and she earned a clap finally.
22．To his satisfaction, he got the job ________ he had applied for after graduating from college.
23．Unfortunately, he crashed into a truck ________ was dragging a dustbin.
24．Those ________ can't face various kinds of challenges will not keep up with the current situation.
25．Experts remind us to use various methods to reduce tension and stress ________ we meet with in our life.
26．The police are eager to know the details of the accident ________ happened last night.
27．Make sure that someone is responsible for the quality of goods ________ your company has produced.
28．To the disappointment of the audience, the athlete ________ got an injury in the leg was defeated in the game.
29．The volunteers ________ regularly contact the community aim to deal with their tough problems.
30．To her relief, the charity organisation accepted the orphan ________ she had discovered on the road.
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．They are building a hospital near the street ________ we used to live.
2．The present ________ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
3．Happiness is one of the things ________ money can not buy.
4．I'll never forget the day ________ I joined the League in my middle school.
5．The man ________ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
6．Do you still remember the farm ________ we worked together five years ago
7．The student ________ the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.
8．The newspaper ________ you are reading is out of date.
9．Do you remember the time ________ we got lost in the park
10．I'll never forget the time ________ we spent together in the army camp.
11．Tell me the reason ________ the American lady left in a hurry.
12．Do you know the boy ________ was praised at the meeting
13．Ellen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the speaking contest.
14．The manager walked toward the gate ________ the workers were waiting.
15．Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone ________ family was poor.
16．We are learning English, a language ________ is used in many fields in the world.
17．This magazine belongs to the teacher ________ teaches us chemistry.
18．Anyone ________ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall.
19．The house ________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago.
20．The medicine ________ he bought is good for your health.
Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的关系代词)
Tom, 1.________ is a primary student, is having supper at the new table 2.________ his father bought this morning. A little white dog 3.________ name is Maomao is sitting beside him. It is waiting for food 4.________ Tom gives to it from time to time. Suddenly, Tom's mother, beside 5.________ lies a yellow cat, says, “Tom, have you seen the book 6.________ I bought last week in the bookstore at 7.________ your aunt works I wrote the date on it when I'll have to pay the bills to the bank.” Smiling, Tom looks down at Maomao, 8.________ is sitting on the right book now. He says softly, “Run away from the book 9.________ Mother is looking for, or she'll punish you.” Then Tom gives the book 10.________ cover is a little dirty to his mother.
单元语法专项(2)——复合不定代词
(一) 复合不定代词的定义和功能
不指明替代某个(些)人，某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。由some ， any ， no ， every 与 one, body, thing等组合，构成复合不定代词。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。
(二) 复合不定代词的指代对象
1．含 body和 one的复合不定代词只用来指人，含 body的复合不定代词与含 one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用 body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用 one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。
Someone/Somebody is doing boxing in the next room.
有人在隔壁房间打拳击。
2．含 thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。
By the time I got home last night, I was too tired to do anything active.我昨晚到家时累得无法动弹。
(三) 复合不定代词的属格
1．含 one和 body等指人的复合不定代词可有 's属格形式。
Everybody's business is nobody's business.
众人之事无人管。
Is this anybody's seat？这儿有人坐吗？
2．含 one和 body等指人的复合不定代词后跟else时， 's属格应加在else之后。
Can you remember someone else's name
你能记得其他人的名字吗？
3．含 thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有 's属格形式。
(四) 复合不定代词的数
复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是第三人称单数。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Is everyone here today？今天大家都到齐了吗？
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(五) 复合不定代词的替代问题
由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正式的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。
1．含 one和 body等指人的复合不定代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her，其 's属格形式的代词应该是his/her，his/hers。
Everyone has his/her own words.
每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。
但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs指代复合不定代词，尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。
No one gave you a ticket，did they？没人给你票，是吗？
No one succeeds overnight, do they
没有人能突然成功，是吗？
2．含 thing等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。
Something goes wrong，doesn't it？出问题了，不是吗？
(六) 复合不定代词的定语
复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。
Can you tell something interesting
你能讲些有趣的事情吗？
(七) 含some 和any 的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some 和any 所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything; someone和anyone; somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
1．something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
He found something strange but interesting.
他发现了一些奇怪却有趣的事情。
Do you have anything to say？你有话要说吗？
I can't meet anybody on the island.
在岛上，我遇不到任何人。
2．在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中、希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。
Would you like something to eat
你想要吃点儿东西吗？
3．当anything表示“任何事(物)，无论何事(物)”、anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。
Anything is OK.什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
Anybody over 18 can try out for this competition.
凡是超过18岁的人都可以参加这次比赛。
(八) 复合不定代词的否定
1．“not every ”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。
Not everything will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn't call everyone's name.
老师并没有点所有人的名字。
2．“not any ”和no 均表示全部否定。
He listened, but heard nothing.
＝He listened, but didn't hear anything.
他听了听，但什么也没听到。
You haven't called anyone/anybody up, have you
＝You have called no one/nobody up, have you
你没给任何人打过电话，是吗？
(九) 复合不定代词作名词
复合不定代词可以充当名词，表示“……的事情(东西或人)”
1．someone/somebody，anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，no one/nobody则指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。
2．something，anything的意义是“重要事情(东西)”，everything表示“最重要的事情(东西)”，nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。
(十) 合与分的区别问题
1．someone, anyone, everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.
任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
—Which toy would you like？你要哪个玩具？
—Any one is OK.哪个都可以。
2．no one (＝nobody)“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可用来指人也可用来指物，可与介词of连用。
No one can do it better.没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.
这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
3．回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。
—Who was late？谁迟到了？
—No one.谁也没有迟到。
—How many pigs do you keep？你养了几头猪？
—None.一头也没养。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用复合不定代词填空
1．—Do you know ________ in the store
—Sorry, I don't know them.
2．________ is in the room. It's empty.
3．This was my first time in Wuhan, so ________ was really interesting.
4．—Could you give me ________ to drink
—Sure! Here you are.
5．—Kangkang, is ________ here today
—No, Jim isn't here. He is in hospital.
6．I'm hungry. I want ________ to eat.
7．—Do you have ________ to say for yourself
—No, I have ________ to say.
8．Why not ask ________ to help you
9．There's ________ wrong with his eyes. He's OK.
10．—The story is so amazing! It's the most interesting story I've ever read.
—But I'm afraid it won't be liked by ________．
11．—Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard
—Sorry! I can see ________．
12．________ is impossible if you don't quit halfway.
13．She doesn't know ________ here. She really can't cheer up.
14．—Look, ________ has gathered the newspapers on the floor.
—Well, it wasn't me.
15．To my disappointment, David is never interested in what ________ else is doing.
16．She listened carefully, but heard ________．
17．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________．
18．________ of us is active in English class.
19．—The exam wasn't difficult, was it
—No, but I don't think ________ could pass it.
20．—Look! Can you see ________ behind the tree
—Yes, I think it's a cat.
21．—Wow! You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
22．My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________ was available in that shop.
23．Granny wanted some more coffee but there was ________ left in the coffee maker.
24．Charles was alone at home, with ________ looking after him.
25．—How do you find your new classmates
—Most of them are kind, but ________ is so good to me as Bruce.
26．I think ________ of us can repair it.
27．I thought there would be many students in the hall, but when I got in I found ________．
28．Everyone wants to be a hero, but ________ wants to die.
Ⅱ.语法填空(用适当的复合不定代词)
Yesterday I went somewhere wonderful. Can you guess where it was Yes, 1.________ in my class went to the zoo. 2.________ was so exciting in the zoo. We saw some monkeys playing in the trees. The pandas were so lovely. I took quite a few photos of animals. 3.________ had a good time. But on our way home, there was 4.________ wrong with our bus, so we waited for a long time. However, 5.________ seemed to be bored. My brother Jack didn't go anywhere. He didn't do 6.________ interesting. He just stayed at home and played computer games.(共10张PPT)
Section G 单元写作——运动与健康
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你校正在开展运动与健康活动，你班要举办以此为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
(1)存在的问题；
(2)你的建议。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello，everyone，___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①problems like overweight and myopia 像超重、近视等这样的问题
②work out in the gym 在健身房锻炼
③be occupied by digital devices 沉溺于电子设备
④to solve the problem 为了解决这个问题
⑤keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
⑥just as the saying goes 正像俗语所说
⑦Sport is a preserver of health. 运动是健康的守护者。
⑧anything like that 任何类似的东西
⑨make sure of 确保
⑩take action 采取行动
from now on 从现在开始
(2)完成句子
①正如你所看到的，我们学校越来越多的学生遭受着像超重和近视等这样的问题。
__________ you can see, more and more students in our school are ____________________ problems ________ overweight and myopia.
②我们很少能看到有人在操场上慢跑或在健身房里锻炼。
__________ we ________ someone ________ on the playground or ___________ in the gym.
③越来越多的学生沉溺于电子设备，这给他们的健康带来了很大危害。
More and more students _______________ digital devices ________ have done great _________ their health.
As
suffering from
like
Seldom can
see
jogging
working out
are occupied by
which
harm to
④为了解决这个问题，我们应该拒绝零食，保持均衡的饮食。
_________ the problem, we _________ say no to snacks and ________ a _________ diet.
⑤正像俗语所说，运动是健康的守护者。
_________ the saying ________， sport is a ________ of health.
⑥骑行、慢跑、打羽毛球或任何类似的事情，都能确保一个健康的身体。
________， ________， playing badminton or anything ________ can ________ a healthy body.
To solve
ought to
keep
balanced
Just as
goes
preserver
Cycling
jogging
like that
make sure of
4．连句成篇
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、要点全面的短文。(注：黑体为本单元的重点词汇)
Hello, everyone，
As you can see, more and more students in our school are suffering from problems like overweight and myopia. Seldom can we see someone jogging on the playground or working out in the gym. More and more students are occupied by digital devices which have done great harm to their health.
To solve the problem, we ought to say no to snacks and keep a balanced diet. Just as the saying goes, sport is a preserver of health. There is no doubt that exercising regularly will benefit us a lot. Cycling, jogging, playing badminton or anything like that can make sure of a healthy body.
Let's take action from now on!
5．教师点评
第一段：介绍存在的问题
句型：第一句用了as you can see非限制性定语从句；第二句用否定副词seldom引起倒装，加强语气。
第二段：提出建议
句型：第一句用了to solve...动词不定式短语表示目的；第二句引用了一句俗语来引入新的建议；第三句使用了there is no doubt that句型，进一步说明要适当运动。
第三段：发出呼吁。
6．课后写作练习
假设你是红星中学的李华，你校英文报纸正在征集有关健康生活的文稿，请你写一篇文章，题目为Live a healthy life，内容包括：
(1)健康生活的重要性；
(2)你的建议。
注意：词数80左右。
Live a healthy life
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One possible version：
Live a healthy life
Having a healthy lifestyle is very important for us. Not only can it help us stay in good shape, but it's of great significance to prevent us developing diseases. Without a healthy body, we wouldn't be able to study, work or live well.
To maintain good health, rather than occupied by mobile phones, we should take advantage of the fitness equipment to strengthen our muscle. Meanwhile, stay away from snacks. Only in this way can we enhance our health.
Let's take action now.Section G 单元写作——运动与健康
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你校正在开展运动与健康活动，你班要举办以此为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
(1)存在的问题；
(2)你的建议。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello，everyone，
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2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确)
(1)一审：体裁、结构和主题
体裁：应用文—演讲稿
结构：三段
主题：运动与健康
(2)二定：时态与人称
(3)三明确：明确写作要点
存在现象：超重、近视等问题；锻炼少、沉溺于电子设备
建议：均衡饮食；适当运动
发出呼吁
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①problems like overweight and myopia 像超重、近视等这样的问题
②work out in the gym 在健身房锻炼
③be occupied by digital devices 沉溺于电子设备
④to solve the problem 为了解决这个问题
⑤keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
⑥just as the saying goes 正像俗语所说
⑦Sport is a preserver of health. 运动是健康的守护者。
⑧anything like that 任何类似的东西
⑨make sure of 确保
⑩take action 采取行动
from now on 从现在开始
(2)完成句子
①正如你所看到的，我们学校越来越多的学生遭受着像超重和近视等这样的问题。
____________________ you can see, more and more students in our school are ____________________ problems ________ overweight and myopia.
②我们很少能看到有人在操场上慢跑或在健身房里锻炼。
________________ we ______________ someone ________ on the playground or ____________________________ in the gym.
③越来越多的学生沉溺于电子设备，这给他们的健康带来了很大危害。
More and more students ____________________ digital devices ________________ have done great ________________ their health.
④为了解决这个问题，我们应该拒绝零食，保持均衡的饮食。
________________ the problem, we ____________________ say no to snacks and ______________ a ________________ diet.
⑤正像俗语所说，运动是健康的守护者。
________________ the saying ________， sport is a ________ of health.
⑥骑行、慢跑、打羽毛球或任何类似的事情，都能确保一个健康的身体。
________， ________， playing badminton or anything ________ can ________ a healthy body.
4．连句成篇
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、要点全面的短文。(注：黑体为本单元的重点词汇)
Hello, everyone，
As you can see, more and more students in our school are suffering from problems like overweight and myopia. Seldom can we see someone jogging on the playground or working out in the gym. More and more students are occupied by digital devices which have done great harm to their health.
To solve the problem, we ought to say no to snacks and keep a balanced diet. Just as the saying goes, sport is a preserver of health. There is no doubt that exercising regularly will benefit us a lot. Cycling, jogging, playing badminton or anything like that can make sure of a healthy body.
Let's take action from now on!
5．教师点评
第一段：介绍存在的问题
句型：第一句用了as you can see非限制性定语从句；第二句用否定副词seldom引起倒装，加强语气。
第二段：提出建议
句型：第一句用了to solve...动词不定式短语表示目的；第二句引用了一句俗语来引入新的建议；第三句使用了there is no doubt that句型，进一步说明要适当运动。
第三段：发出呼吁。
6．课后写作练习
假设你是红星中学的李华，你校英文报纸正在征集有关健康生活的文稿，请你写一篇文章，题目为Live a healthy life，内容包括：
(1)健康生活的重要性；
(2)你的建议。
注意：词数80左右。
Live a healthy life
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