(共41张PPT)
Section A Topic Talk
1.Look at the pictures. Can you guess the following festivals How much do you know about these festivals？
看图片。你能猜出下面的节日吗？关于这些节日你了解多少？
(1)Dragon Boat Festival
(2)Mid Autumn Festival
(3)Teachers' Day
(4)Carnival
(5)Easter
(6)Halloween
2．Read the following descriptions about Western festivals and guess what festivals they convey.读下面的关于西方节日的描述并猜一猜它们表达的是哪些节日。
(1)·It is one of the most important festivals in Western countries.
·People usually celebrate it together with their family members.
·A kind hearted old man puts gifts in the stockings for children secretly at night.
·People send cards or gifts to others.
Christmas Day
(2)·This festival happens at the beginning of spring.
·Usually most young people are happy on this day.
·They send flowers, chocolates and some other gifts to the ones they love.
(3)·This festival happens in winter.
·Every family has a feast on this day.
·Turkey is the most important food on this day.
·People celebrated it to thank for a harvest in 1621.
Valentine's Day
Thanksgiving Day
3．What do you do at the Spring Festival？Make a list of things that you often do on that day.在春节，你会做什么？将你在那天经常做的事情列一张清单。
4．Sentence patterns.句式。
(1)The Spring Festival may be in...
(2)At the Spring Festival, people have plenty of delicious foods to eat.
(3)Most family members get together and have dumplings on the eve of the Spring Festival.
(4)People look forward to visiting their friends.
(5)People, especially children, wear their new clothes during the Spring Festival.
(6)People studying or working in other cities and countries will come back home and have a reunion with their families.
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 龙
2．____________ adj. 阴历的；月球的
3．____________ n. 烧烤野餐
4．____________ n. 成人，成年人
5．____________ n. 灯笼，提灯
6．____________ n. 火鸡
7．____________ n. 怪兽，怪物
dragon
lunar
barbecue
adult
lantern
turkey
monster
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→________ adj.偶尔的；偶然的；临时的→____________ adv.偶尔；偶然；有时
2．graduate v．毕业(尤指中学)n.毕业生；大学毕业生→________ n．毕业
3．stick v．粘贴，粘住；将……刺入(或插入) n．枝条；枯枝；柴火棍儿→________ adj.黏性的，黏的
4．congratulate v．祝贺→_____________ n．恭喜，祝贺
occasional
occasionally
graduation
sticky
congratulation
5．decorate vi. & vt.装饰，布置，美化→________ n．(房屋内部的)装饰，装潢；装饰物；装饰图案；装饰风格
6．tradition n．传统→________ adj.传统的→__________ adv.传统上
7．dragon＋boat→___________龙舟
8．lunar＋month→___________阴历月，农历月
decoration
traditional
traditionally
dragon-boat
lunar month
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．play with lanterns ________________
2．Dragon Boat Festival ________________
3．enjoy the moon ________________
4．have a family dinner/a party ________________
5．graduate from secondary school/university ________________
玩灯笼
端午节
赏月
举行家庭聚餐/聚会
从中学/大学毕业
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________________ 敬贺，祝贺
2．________________________ 庆祝中秋节
3．________________________ 到头，结束
4．________________________ 与……在交战状态中
5．________________________ 与……和平相处
6．________________________ 宋朝
offer congratulations
celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
come to an end
at war with
at peace with
the Song Dynasty
重点单词诠释
1)occasion n．重要的社交活动，场合；时刻，时候；时机，机会)
(教材原句)Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.
选择一个你喜欢的节日或特殊的场合。
on no occasion 任何情况下都不(位于句首时句子用倒装语序)
on occasion (s) (＝occasionally) 偶尔，偶然，有时
on the occasion of 在……之际
on one occasion＝once 有一次
on this/that occasion 这次/那次
Their wedding turned out to be quite an occasion.
他们的婚礼办得相当隆重。(quite a(n)/the sth.强调某方面很突出，如quite a beauty大美人，quite a change变化大)
I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.
我有一套西服，不过我只在特殊的场合才穿。
On this occasion, he got a chance to go backstage to meet the actors.
这次，他得到一个去后台与演员们见面的机会。
I've met him on several occasions.
我曾见过他几次。
He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises.
有机会的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。
[知识拓展]
on an occasional basis＝occasionally偶尔
occasionally meet偶尔相遇
(1)occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的
He works for us on an occasional basis.
他在我们这里做临时工。
(2)occasionally adv.偶尔，有时(＝once in a while偶尔，有时候)
We occasionally meet for a drink.
我们偶尔相聚小酌。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ occasion, he takes a walk by the river in the morning to breathe in some fresh air.
②Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
③He spent five years in Paris, with ________ (occasion) visits to Italy.
On
when
occasional
④As he works in a distant area, he visits his parents only ________ (occasion).
⑤I can think many occasions ________ students know a lot of words but can't write a good essay.
⑥Good parents turn every meal into a special occasion ________ they can use to discipline their kids.
⑦On ________ occasion of the New Year, wish you good health, success in work, a happy life, happy family!
occasionally
where
which/that
the
完成句子
⑧His casual clothes were not appropriate for ____________________ (这样正式的场合).
⑨Sales director is a position _________________________________
________________________ (沟通能力和销售技能同样重要).
⑩I have reached a point in my life ____________________________
________________ (在这个节骨眼上，我得自己拿主意).
___________________________(你在任何场合都不应该试图) to cheat others, for if they find you dishonest, they will never believe you anymore.
such a formal occasion
where the communication ability is just as important as sales skills
where I am supposed to make my own decisions
On no occasion should you try
2)graduate n．毕业生，学士学位获得者 v．毕业；获得学位(尤指学士)；授予学位或毕业文凭)
(教材原句)birthdays, graduations生日，毕业(典礼)
after graduation 毕业后
the graduation day 毕业典礼日
graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
a graduation certificate 毕业证书
graduation practice 毕业实习
graduation examination 毕业考试
a graduate of Yale/a Yale graduate 耶鲁大学毕业生
a high school graduate 中学毕业生
a graduate student/course 研究生/研究生课程
a science graduate 理科学士
a graduate in law 法律专业的毕业生
a graduate of Harvard 哈佛大学的毕业生
a fresh graduate 刚毕业的大学生
a graduate student 研究生
graduate from 从……(学校)毕业
graduate in 从……(专业)毕业
It's my first job after graduation.
这是我毕业后的第一份工作。
I am Wang Ge, a graduate of engineering from Princeton University.
我是王戈，普林斯顿大学工程学的毕业生。
She graduated from Harvard.
她毕业于哈佛大学。
Only thirty students graduated in Chinese in her class last year.
去年她班上只有三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。
The college graduated 50 students last year.
去年这所学院有50名毕业生．
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As the approaching of the ___________ (graduate) ceremony, the sadness of leaving hangs over the whole class.
②We would prefer to fill the post with ___________ recent graduate.
③At present the organisation has to rely on young, inexperienced ________ (graduate).
④When the boy graduated ________ high school, he moved to a small town in Shandong.
⑤Tom has just graduated with first class honours ________ psychology.
⑥After he ________ (graduate) from high school, he joined the army.
⑦I moved out to California without any clue about what I might do ________ graduation.
graduation
a
graduates
from
in
graduated
after
3)congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺)
(教材原句)offering congratulations表达祝贺
offer/send one's congratulations to sb. on sth. 因某事向某人致以祝贺
congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 为某事(向某人)祝贺
our congratulations to the winners 我们对获胜者的祝贺
congratulations on a job well done 庆祝工作出色完成
a letter of congratulation 祝贺信(此处congratulation为不可数名词)
说明：以上短语中to sb.表祝贺的对象；on sth.表祝贺某事
I express my warm congratulations to its opening.
我对它的开业表示热烈的祝贺。
Congratulations on your exam results！
祝贺你考出了好成绩！
He began pumping the hand of his son in congratulation.
他开始握住儿子的手摇晃以示祝贺。
Please allow me to congratulate you with all my heart on your great achievement.
请允许我衷心祝贺您了不起的成就。
You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
[词语拓展]
congratulate v．祝贺，道贺，庆贺；(为成就或成功)感到高兴，感到自豪
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.祝贺某人某事
[比较] congratulate/celebrate
congratulate(祝贺)＋sb.祝贺某人
congratulate you on your success祝贺你成功
celebrate(庆祝)＋sth.(生日、胜利、纪念日等) 庆祝某事
celebrate our 25th wedding anniversary庆祝我们结婚25周年纪念日
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①_____________ (congratulate)! I hear you're getting married.
②Give him my ______________ (congratulate) when you see him.
③Congratulations ________ your interesting article!
④The club also offers its congratulations ________ Ms Green on her appointment as president.
⑤I was just congratulating Ceri ________ having won her race.
⑥Granny rang up to congratulate him on ________ (pass) his exams.
⑦The authors are to be congratulated ________ producing such a clear and important work.
选词填空 ：congratulate/celebrate
⑧She ______________ him on the birth of his son.
⑨We're going out for a meal to ______________ Dad's birthday.
Congratulations
congratulations
on
to
on
passing
on
congratulated
celebrate
4)decorate vi. & vt.装饰，布置，美化；粉刷，油漆，糊墙纸)
(教材原句)A lot of places were decorated with lanterns.
许多地方都装饰着灯笼。
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
be decorated with 装饰着……
decorate in the traditional style 按照传统风格装饰
decorate...with flowers 用花朵装饰……
They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
他们用花和气球装饰了房间。
When we moved in, the house hadn't been decorated for 20 years, and it showed.
当我们搬进来时，房子已经20年没有装修了，这看得出来。
When they started to decorate the bedroom, it was Jemma who had the final say.
他们开始装修卧室时，说了算的人是杰马。
Photographs of actors decorated the walls of the restaurant.
演员的照片装点着餐馆的墙壁。
I hate decorating.
我讨厌粉刷墙壁。
He has his own painting and decorating business.
他经营自己的油漆和粉刷墙壁生意。
We will decorate the sitting room.
我们要把客厅粉刷一下。
The sitting room needs decorating.
客厅需要粉刷。(＝The sitting room needs to be decorated.)
The decoration and furnishings had to be practical enough for a family home.
装修和家具陈设对一个家庭住房来说必须足够实用。
[比较]
She decorated her room with flowers.(√)
She decorated flowers in her room.(×)
[词语拓展]
decoration n．
①装饰；装饰物/装饰品(常用复数)；
②装饰图案；装饰风格；
③勋章，奖章
stage decorations舞台装饰
cake decorations蛋糕装饰
Christmas decorations圣诞节装饰品
a table decoration餐桌装饰物
party decorations聚会装饰品
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①During the National Day holiday, all the streets are decorated ________ colourful flags , flowers and balloons.
②Before moving into the new flat, he had it ___________ (decorate) completely.
③At my eighth birthday party, I received a pencil box ________ (decorate) with some cartoon pictures on the top.
④The stairs ___________ (decorate) with colourful balloons to celebrate the wedding of the young couple.
with
decorated
decorated
are decorated
⑤The cake ___________ (decorate) to look like a car and everyone liked it very much.
⑥She picked a large bunch of flowers for table __________ (decorate).
⑦The only wall __________(decorate) are candles and a single mirror.
完成句子
⑧The Christmas tree is the most typical ______________________ (圣诞节的装饰).People will ____________________(装饰圣诞树) with various gifts and lights.
was decorated
decoration
decorations
Christmas decoration
decorate the Christmas tree
5)tradition n．传统；传统的信仰 traditional adj.传统的；惯例的；守旧的 traditionally adv.传统上，习俗上)
(教材原句)They're part of our tradition.它们是我们传统的一部分。
a local tradition 当地传统
follow a tradition 遵循传统
break with tradition 打破传统
carry on/continue a tradition 保持传统
a long tradition 悠久的传统
an old/ancient tradition 古老的传统
a family tradition 家庭传统
a cultural/religious tradition 文化/宗教传统
traditional dress 传统服装
by tradition 按照传统风俗
It is traditional (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是传统
The company has a long tradition of fine design.
这家公司的优秀设计历史悠久。
The British are said to love tradition.
据说英国人热爱传统。
By tradition, children will receive red envelopes during the Spring Festival.
按照传统风俗，孩子们在春节期间会收到红包。
There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve.
我们家有个传统，全家要聚在一起过除夕。
It's traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
感恩节时吃火鸡是美国的传统。
It is still a traditional school in a lot of ways.
它在很多方面仍然是一所守旧的学校。
The festival is traditionally held in May.
这个节日按照传统是在五月份过的。
Traditionally, the company's main markets have been Britain and the US.
传统上，该公司的主要市场是英国和美国。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In France, the children place their shoes by the fireplace, ________ tradition dating back to when children wore wooden peasant shoes.
②Their marriage is very ________ (tradition), which makes her unhappy.
③This ceremony is ___________ (tradition) held in silence.
④_________ (tradition), college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves when they are about to set off on their life journey.
⑤The works on display there are so fantastic that I am deeply impressed by the talent of the painters as well as the charm of ________ (tradition) Chinese culture.
a
traditional
traditionally
Traditionally
traditional
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As the National Day is coming, every shop is ________ (装饰) with flags, flowers and other necessities for the festival.
2．This ________ (传统) has no parallel in our culture.
3．Before Mary ________ (毕业) from senior secondary school, she had been an excellent athlete.
4．During the Lantern Festival a lot of places were decorated with ________ (灯笼).
5．The Spring Festival takes place in the first ________ (农历) month.
6．My right hand suddenly touched something ________ (黏的) in the dark.
7．________ (成人) education is an important and long task in our country.
decorated
tradition
graduated
lanterns
lunar
sticky
Adult
Ⅱ.短语填空
few occasions, Year of Dragon, be decorated with, lunar month, something sticky, by tradition, congratulate sb. on sth.
1．Last night, the prince placed _______________ on the stairs.
2．People were amazed to find that Hong Kong's Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the ____________.
3．On the court, each player has a clear role, and there are ____________ when members are confused or uncertain about their roles.
something sticky
Year of Dragon
few occasions
4．In the past, the attractive lanterns _______usually _________ pictures of animals and flowers.
5．In particular, I like the Mid Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth ____________．
6．____________， children play tricks on April 1.
7．He succeeded at last and we went to his office and ____________ him ______ his success.
were
decorated with
lunar month
By tradition
congratulated
on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I heard that you have set an achievable goal. _________________ (congratulate)!
2．I've met the champion on several ________ (occasion).
3．There is something ________ (stick) in the cyclist's hair.
4．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ________ his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
5．In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were ___________ (decorate) with houseplants.
Congratulations
occasions
sticky
on
decorated
6．Li suggests ___________ (tradition) Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
7．___________ (occasional), I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading.
8．I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his ________ (graduate) from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.
traditional
Occasionally
graduation
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The response to the ________________________ (新的装饰风格) is beyond our imagination.
2．Can you give an account of your anger ______________ (在那种场合)
3．She had just ________________ (从……毕业) university and was ready to begin life as an independent adult.
new decoration style
on that occasion
graduated fromSection A Topic Talk
1.Look at the pictures. Can you guess the following festivals How much do you know about these festivals？看图片。你能猜出下面的节日吗？关于这些节日你了解多少？
2．Read the following descriptions about Western festivals and guess what festivals they convey.读下面的关于西方节日的描述并猜一猜它们表达的是哪些节日。
(1)·It is one of the most important festivals in Western countries.
·People usually celebrate it together with their family members.
·A kind hearted old man puts gifts in the stockings for children secretly at night.
·People send cards or gifts to others.
(2)·This festival happens at the beginning of spring.
·Usually most young people are happy on this day.
·They send flowers, chocolates and some other gifts to the ones they love.
(3)·This festival happens in winter.
·Every family has a feast on this day.
·Turkey is the most important food on this day.
·People celebrated it to thank for a harvest in 1621.
(1)________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
(3)________________________________________________________________________
3．What do you do at the Spring Festival？Make a list of things that you often do on that day.在春节，你会做什么？将你在那天经常做的事情列一张清单。
4．Sentence patterns.句式。
(1)The Spring Festival may be in...
(2)At the Spring Festival, people have plenty of delicious foods to eat.
(3)Most family members get together and have dumplings on the eve of the Spring Festival.
(4)People look forward to visiting their friends.
(5)People, especially children, wear their new clothes during the Spring Festival.
(6)People studying or working in other cities and countries will come back home and have a reunion with their families.
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 龙
2．____________ adj. 阴历的；月球的
3．____________ n. 烧烤野餐
4．____________ n. 成人，成年人
5．____________ n. 灯笼，提灯
6．____________ n. 火鸡
7．____________ n. 怪兽，怪物
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候→________ adj.偶尔的；偶然的；临时的→________ adv.偶尔；偶然；有时
2．graduate v．毕业(尤指中学)n.毕业生；大学毕业生→________ n．毕业
3．stick v．粘贴，粘住；将……刺入(或插入) n．枝条；枯枝；柴火棍儿→________ adj.黏性的，黏的
4．congratulate v．祝贺→________ n．恭喜，祝贺
5．decorate vi. & vt.装饰，布置，美化→________ n．(房屋内部的)装饰，装潢；装饰物；装饰图案；装饰风格
6. tradition n．传统→________ adj.传统的
→________ adv.传统上
7．dragon＋boat→________龙舟
8．lunar＋month→________阴历月，农历月
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．play with lanterns ________________
2．Dragon Boat Festival ________________
3．enjoy the moon ________________
4．have a family dinner/a party ________________
5．graduate from secondary school/university ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 敬贺，祝贺
2．________________ 庆祝中秋节
3．________________ 到头，结束
4．________________ 与……在交战状态中
5．________________ 与……和平相处
6．________________ 宋朝
重点单词诠释
1)occasion n．重要的社交活动，场合；时刻，时候；时机，机会)
(教材原句)Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.
选择一个你喜欢的节日或特殊的场合。
on no occasion 任何情况下都不(位于句首时句子用倒装语序)
on occasion (s) (＝occasionally) 偶尔，偶然，有时
on the occasion of 在……之际
on one occasion＝once 有一次
on this/that occasion 这次/那次
Their wedding turned out to be quite an occasion.
他们的婚礼办得相当隆重。(quite a(n)/the sth.强调某方面很突出，如quite a beauty大美人，quite a change变化大)
I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.
我有一套西服，不过我只在特殊的场合才穿。
On this occasion, he got a chance to go backstage to meet the actors.这次，他得到一个去后台与演员们见面的机会。
I've met him on several occasions.我曾见过他几次。
He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises.
有机会的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。
[知识拓展] on an occasional basis＝occasionally偶尔
occasionally meet偶尔相遇
(1)occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的
He works for us on an occasional basis.
他在我们这里做临时工。
(2)occasionally adv.偶尔，有时(＝once in a while偶尔，有时候)
We occasionally meet for a drink.
我们偶尔相聚小酌。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ occasion, he takes a walk by the river in the morning to breathe in some fresh air.
②Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
③He spent five years in Paris, with ________ (occasion) visits to Italy.
④As he works in a distant area, he visits his parents only ________ (occasion).
⑤I can think many occasions ________ students know a lot of words but can't write a good essay.
⑥Good parents turn every meal into a special occasion ________ they can use to discipline their kids.
⑦On ________ occasion of the New Year, wish you good health, success in work, a happy life, happy family!
完成句子
⑧His casual clothes were not appropriate for ____________________ (这样正式的场合).
⑨Sales director is a position ________________________ (沟通能力和销售技能同样重要).
⑩I have reached a point in my life ________________________ (在这个节骨眼上，我得自己拿主意).
__________________________(你在任何场合都不应该试图) to cheat others, for if they find you dishonest, they will never believe you anymore.
2)graduate n．毕业生，学士学位获得者 v．毕业；获得学位(尤指学士)；授予学位或毕业文凭)
(教材原句)birthdays, graduations生日，毕业(典礼)
after graduation 毕业后
the graduation day 毕业典礼日
graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
a graduation certificate 毕业证书
graduation practice 毕业实习
graduation examination 毕业考试
a graduate of Yale/a Yale graduate 耶鲁大学毕业生
a high school graduate 中学毕业生
a graduate student/course 研究生/研究生课程
a science graduate 理科学士
a graduate in law 法律专业的毕业生
a graduate of Harvard 哈佛大学的毕业生
a fresh graduate 刚毕业的大学生
a graduate student 研究生
graduate from 从……(学校)毕业
graduate in 从……(专业)毕业
It's my first job after graduation.这是我毕业后的第一份工作。
I am Wang Ge, a graduate of engineering from Princeton University.
我是王戈，普林斯顿大学工程学的毕业生。
She graduated from Harvard.她毕业于哈佛大学。
Only thirty students graduated in Chinese in her class last year.
去年她班上只有三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。
The college graduated 50 students last year.
去年这所学院有50名毕业生．
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As the approaching of the ________ (graduate) ceremony, the sadness of leaving hangs over the whole class.
②We would prefer to fill the post with ________ recent graduate.
③At present the organisation has to rely on young, inexperienced ________ (graduate).
④When the boy graduated ________ high school, he moved to a small town in Shandong.
⑤Tom has just graduated with first class honours ________ psychology.
⑥After he ________ (graduate) from high school, he joined the army.
⑦I moved out to California without any clue about what I might do ________ graduation.
3)congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺)
(教材原句)offering congratulations表达祝贺
offer/send one's congratulations to sb. on sth. 因某事向某人致以祝贺
congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 为某事(向某人)祝贺
our congratulations to the winners 我们对获胜者的祝贺
congratulations on a job well done 庆祝工作出色完成
a letter of congratulation 祝贺信(此处congratulation为不可数名词)
说明：以上短语中to sb.表祝贺的对象；on sth.表祝贺某事
I express my warm congratulations to its opening.
我对它的开业表示热烈的祝贺。
Congratulations on your exam results！祝贺你考出了好成绩！
He began pumping the hand of his son in congratulation.
他开始握住儿子的手摇晃以示祝贺。
Please allow me to congratulate you with all my heart on your great achievement.请允许我衷心祝贺您了不起的成就。
You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
[词语拓展] congratulate v．祝贺，道贺，庆贺；(为成就或成功)感到高兴，感到自豪
congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.祝贺某人某事
[比较] congratulate/celebrate
congratulate(祝贺)＋sb.祝贺某人
congratulate you on your success祝贺你成功
celebrate(庆祝)＋sth.(生日、胜利、纪念日等) 庆祝某事
celebrate our 25th wedding anniversary庆祝我们结婚25周年纪念日
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (congratulate)! I hear you're getting married.
②Give him my ________ (congratulate) when you see him.
③Congratulations ________ your interesting article!
④The club also offers its congratulations ________ Ms Green on her appointment as president.
⑤I was just congratulating Ceri ________ having won her race.
⑥Granny rang up to congratulate him on ________ (pass) his exams.
⑦The authors are to be congratulated ________ producing such a clear and important work.
选词填空 ：congratulate/celebrate
⑧She ______________ him on the birth of his son.
⑨We're going out for a meal to ______________ Dad's birthday.
4)decorate vi. & vt.装饰，布置，美化；粉刷，油漆，糊墙纸)
(教材原句)A lot of places were decorated with lanterns.
许多地方都装饰着灯笼。
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
be decorated with 装饰着……
decorate in the traditional style 按照传统风格装饰
decorate...with flowers 用花朵装饰……
They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
他们用花和气球装饰了房间。
When we moved in, the house hadn't been decorated for 20 years, and it showed.当我们搬进来时，房子已经20年没有装修了，这看得出来。
When they started to decorate the bedroom, it was Jemma who had the final say.他们开始装修卧室时，说了算的人是杰马。
Photographs of actors decorated the walls of the restaurant.
演员的照片装点着餐馆的墙壁。
I hate decorating.我讨厌粉刷墙壁。
He has his own painting and decorating business.
他经营自己的油漆和粉刷墙壁生意。
We will decorate the sitting room.我们要把客厅粉刷一下。
The sitting room needs decorating.
客厅需要粉刷。(＝The sitting room needs to be decorated.)
The decoration and furnishings had to be practical enough for a family home.装修和家具陈设对一个家庭住房来说必须足够实用。
[比较] She decorated her room with flowers.(√)
She decorated flowers in her room.(×)
[词语拓展] decoration n．①装饰；装饰物/装饰品(常用复数)；
②装饰图案；装饰风格；③勋章，奖章
stage decorations舞台装饰 cake decorations蛋糕装饰
Christmas decorations圣诞节装饰品 a table decoration餐桌装饰物
party decorations聚会装饰品
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①During the National Day holiday, all the streets are decorated ________ colourful flags , flowers and balloons.
②Before moving into the new flat, he had it ________ (decorate) completely.
③At my eighth birthday party, I received a pencil box ________ (decorate) with some cartoon pictures on the top.
④The stairs ________ (decorate) with colourful balloons to celebrate the wedding of the young couple.
⑤The cake ________ (decorate) to look like a car and everyone liked it very much.
⑥She picked a large bunch of flowers for table ________ (decorate).
⑦The only wall ________(decorate) are candles and a single mirror.
完成句子
⑧The Christmas tree is the most typical ______________________ (圣诞节的装饰).People will ____________________(装饰圣诞树) with various gifts and lights.
5)tradition n．传统；传统的信仰 traditional adj.传统的；惯例的；守旧的 traditionally adv.传统上，习俗上)
(教材原句)They're part of our tradition.它们是我们传统的一部分。
a local tradition 当地传统
follow a tradition 遵循传统
break with tradition 打破传统
carry on/continue a tradition 保持传统
a long tradition 悠久的传统
an old/ancient tradition 古老的传统
a family tradition 家庭传统
a cultural/religious tradition 文化/宗教传统
traditional dress 传统服装
by tradition 按照传统风俗
It is traditional (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是传统
The company has a long tradition of fine design.
这家公司的优秀设计历史悠久。
The British are said to love tradition.据说英国人热爱传统。
By tradition, children will receive red envelopes during the Spring Festival.按照传统风俗，孩子们在春节期间会收到红包。
There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve.我们家有个传统，全家要聚在一起过除夕。
It's traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.
感恩节时吃火鸡是美国的传统。
It is still a traditional school in a lot of ways.
它在很多方面仍然是一所守旧的学校。
The festival is traditionally held in May.
这个节日按照传统是在五月份过的。
Traditionally, the company's main markets have been Britain and the US.传统上，该公司的主要市场是英国和美国。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In France, the children place their shoes by the fireplace, ________ tradition dating back to when children wore wooden peasant shoes.
②Their marriage is very ________ (tradition), which makes her unhappy.
③This ceremony is ________ (tradition) held in silence.
④________ (tradition), college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves when they are about to set off on their life journey.
⑤The works on display there are so fantastic that I am deeply impressed by the talent of the painters as well as the charm of ________ (tradition) Chinese culture.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As the National Day is coming, every shop is ________ (装饰) with flags, flowers and other necessities for the festival.
2．This ________ (传统) has no parallel in our culture.
3．Before Mary ________ (毕业) from senior secondary school, she had been an excellent athlete.
4．During the Lantern Festival a lot of places were decorated with ________ (灯笼).
5．The Spring Festival takes place in the first ________ (农历) month.
6．My right hand suddenly touched something ________ (黏的) in the dark.
7．________ (成人) education is an important and long task in our country.
Ⅱ.短语填空
few occasions, Year of Dragon, be decorated with, lunar month, something sticky, by tradition, congratulate sb. on sth.
1．Last night, the prince placed ____________ on the stairs.
2．People were amazed to find that Hong Kong's Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the ____________.
3．On the court, each player has a clear role, and there are ____________ when members are confused or uncertain about their roles.
4．In the past, the attractive lanterns ____________usually ____________ pictures of animals and flowers.
5．In particular, I like the Mid Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the eighth ____________．
6．____________， children play tricks on April 1.
7．He succeeded at last and we went to his office and ____________ him ____________ his success.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I heard that you have set an achievable goal. ________ (congratulate)!
2．I've met the champion on several ________ (occasion).
3．There is something ________ (stick) in the cyclist's hair.
4．I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ________ his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
5．In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were ________ (decorate) with houseplants.
6．Li suggests ________ (tradition) Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
7．________ (occasional), I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading.
8．I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his ________ (graduate) from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The response to the ________________________ (新的装饰风格) is beyond our imagination.
2．Can you give an account of your anger ______________________ (在那种场合)
3．She had just __________________________ (从……毕业) university and was ready to begin life as an independent adult.(共156张PPT)
Section B Lesson 1 Spring Festival
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 描述，报道→vt.解释，说明
2．________________ n. 主人；东道主；主持人→v.主办，主持(活动、节目等)；做东
3．________________ n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心
4．________________ vt. 扫；打扫
5．________________ n. 火锅
6．________________ n. 风俗，习惯；传统
7．________________ vi. 闹哄哄，喧闹
8．________________ vt. 贴；固定；附上
9．________________ n. 葡萄酒
10．________________ n. 口音
account
host
snack
sweep
hotpot
custom
buzz
attach
wine
accent
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→________ adj.害怕的
2．surround vt.环绕，围绕→__________ adj.周围的→__________ n．(周围的)环境
3．retire v．退休→________ adj.退休的
4．joy n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦→________ adj.高兴的；令人愉快的
5．origin n．起源；源头→________ adj.原先的，最早的，最初的→________ adv.起初
6．immediate adj.立即的；立刻的→___________ adv.即刻，马上
7．gather v．聚集→________ n．聚会
8．decorate v．装饰→________ n．装饰物
9．summary n．概括→________ vi. & vt.总结，概括
10．expect v．期待，期望→________ adj.期待的，期望的
scared
surrounding
surroundings
retired
joyful
original
originally
immediately
gathering
decoration
summarise
expectant
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．put up decorations ________________
2．an important tradition ________________
3．It has unique meanings. ________________
4．be highly valued ________________
5．from top to bottom ________________
6．let off fireworks ________________
7．light up the night sky ________________
张贴装饰品
一个重要的传统
它有独特的意义
被高度重视
从上到下；彻底地
燃放烟花
照亮夜空
8．scare sb./sth. away ________________
9．be a lot of fun ________________
10．wish sb. a happy new year ________________
11．(be) up to ________________
12．talk of old times ________________
13．be with sb. ________________
14．think about ________________
15．gather around the table ________________
把……吓跑
很有趣
祝某人新年快乐
忙于……；多达；在于……；能胜任
谈论过去
与某人在一起
考虑
围在桌子旁
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________________ 扫除；清除
2．________________________ 汉字
3．________________________ 倒置地，颠倒地
4．________________________ 使贴(系，粘)在……
5．________________________ 人们相信……
6．____________________________ 必须尽早预订……
7．________________________ 细心做……
8．________________________ 向某人提供某事的详情
sweep away
Chinese characters
upside down
be attached to/attach...to...
It is believed that...
sth. has to be booked as early as possible
take great care in doing...
fill sb. in on sth.
9．__________________________ 结婚
10．__________________________ 做……很棒。
11．__________________________ 包饺子
12．__________________________ 吃饺子
13．__________________________ 在这种情况下；在这种场合
14．__________________________ 家庭团聚/聚会
15．__________________________ 家庭精神
16．__________________________ 春节习俗/传统
get married
It's great to do...
make jiaozi
have jiaozi
on this occasion
a family gathering
the spirit of family
Spring Festival traditions
Ⅰ.
课
文
思
维
导
图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What's the greatest excitement during Spring Festival according to Tom Jenkins
A.Sweeping up the house.
B.Putting Fu upside down.
C.Setting off fireworks.
D.Enjoying a good TV program.
C
2．What does Xu Gang think of Spring Festival
A.Staying with the family is the most important.
B.Fireworks, sweets and decorations are out of date.
C.It's not important to eat nowadays.
D.Talking about old times is always meaningless.
A
3．What do the retired couple usually do before the festival
A.Visit their grandchildren regularly.
B.Prepare for the union of the family.
C.Buy various delicious food for the family.
D.Organise various home activities.
B
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Spring Festival in the writer's opinion
A.It brings happiness of family union.
B.It makes all the people go home.
C.It always makes the family busy and tired.
D.It gives the family a kind expectation.
A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Spring Festival is highly valued in China. People begin to prepare a week 1.________ the festival, cleaning their homes. This means 2.________ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year. Also, the Chinese character Fu is often put upside down, which means 3.________ (happy) arrives.
Weeks before the festival, parents start to think about what they need to buy and what dishes need to 4.__________ (prepare) .
For people 5.________ work outside, they start planning their trip home early. When they get home, it is great 6.________ (hear) what everyone's been up to.
before
sweeping
happiness
be prepared
who/that
to hear
Houses always buzz with 7.________ (activity) when everyone comes home. The greatest 8.________ (excite) begins when people sit together to enjoy a big dinner. They always have jiaozi, a sign of their wishes for health and happiness in the 9.________ (come) year. However, what they eat isn't the most important thing. 10.________ is important is who they eat it with. To everyone, Spring Festival is the joy of a family gathering.
activities
excitement
coming
What
[教材原文]
Notes from the editor: Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. It has unique meanings①.However, people may understand it differently②， including those from other cultures. Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine, in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it.[1]
[1]“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，对accounts进行补充说明
Tom Jenkins a 16 year old exchange student living in Nanjing
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China[2] with my host③ family. Spring Festival is highly④valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.⑤ My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away⑥ the dirt of the past year and get ready for⑦ the new year.
[2]It/That/This is/was sb's first time doing sth.这是某人第一次做某事。这是习惯表示方法。相当于It/That/This is/was the first time that sb. has/had done sth.
Next, the Chinese character⑧ Fu was attached⑨ upside down⑩to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. The character looked really cool [3].
The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces. Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. The fireworks were a lot of fun! We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
[词汇注释]
①have unique meanings
有独特的意义
②understand...differently
对……有不同的理解
③host/h st/n.主人；东道主；主持人
※sb's host family某人的寄宿家庭
④highly adv.很；非常
※be highly valued非常重视
⑤from top to bottom从上到下；彻底地
⑥sweep away扫除；清除
※sweep/swi：p/vt.扫；打扫
⑦get ready for为……做准备
⑧character/'k r kt /n.字，字体；人物，角色
※the Chinese character汉字
⑨attach/ 't t /vt.贴；固定；附上
※attach...to...把……贴到……上
⑩upside down倒置地，颠倒地
※attach sth. upside down倒着贴某物
let off使某物爆炸
light up照亮
expectant/Ik'spekt nt/adj.期待的，期望的
※an expectant look期待的表情
scare sb./sth. away把……吓跑
scare/ske /vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐
[汉语译文]
来自编辑的注释：春节是中国的重要传统节日，有着独特的意义。但是，不同的人，包括文化背景不同的人，可能对春节有不同的理解。这是我们杂志的三位读者的叙述，分享了他们关于春节的经历和看法。
汤姆·詹金斯，16岁，交换生，居住南京
这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。每个中国家庭都十分重视春节。准备工作从节前一周开始。首先，房子从上到下都打扫了一遍。我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。这个字看起来很酷。
最让人兴奋的是除夕夜。烟花在城市上空燃放，瞬间照亮了夜空。孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。烟花很有趣！然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。
flight/flaIt/n.航班
※book a flight预订航班
as early as possible
尽可能早地
take care in doing sth.＝take care to do sth.认真做某事
wine/waIn/n.葡萄酒
※a bottle of wine一瓶葡萄酒
get on上(车)
※get off下(车)
surround/s 'ra nd/vt.环绕，围绕
※be surrounded with/by
被……环绕，周围都是……
【21】accent/' ks nt/n.口音
【22】head home to one's family 回家；回家见家人
【23】fill sb. in on告诉某人关于……的事情
【24】go away to university外出去上大学
【25】be up to(口语)正在做，忙于
【26】hotpot/'h tp t/n.火锅
【27】tasty adj.美味可口的
【28】talk of谈到，说到
【29】firecracker/'faI kr k /n.鞭炮，爆竹
【30】entire adj.全部的；整个的
※one's entire family某人的全家人
Xu Gang a 28 year old computer engineer working in Shanghai
I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible . I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents. This year, I bought a bottle of wine for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother.
Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents 【21】 —I know that I am heading home to my family 【22】 . I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in on 【23】 what's been happening—who has got married [4] or had children or gone away to university 【24】. It's great to hear what everyone's been up to 【25】 .
[4]get married是“get＋过去分词”结构，强调动作，而be married更强调状态
We usually have hotpot 【26】 —it's so tasty 【27】 ! However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is who we eat it with. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of 【28】 old times. When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers 【29】 , sweets and decorations. As I get older, coming home and being with my entire 【30】 family is the most important part of it.
徐刚，28岁，计算机工程师，在上海工作
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划回山西的行程，因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。我非常细心地为父母挑选礼物。今年，我给父亲买了一瓶葡萄酒，给母亲买了一件漂亮的毛衣。
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。我不能经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母就会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了。很高兴知道大家都在做什么。
我们通常会吃火锅，很好吃！但是，吃什么不重要，重要的是和谁一起吃。和我的家人一起回到过去，谈论过去是一件很美好的事。当我还是个孩子的时候，春节是爆竹、糖果和装饰品。随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。
【31】retired/rI'taI d/adj.退休的
※a retired teacher退休教师
【32】think about考虑，思考
【33】buzz/b z/vi.闹哄哄，喧闹(～with)
※a classroom buzzing with activities闹哄哄的教室
【34】run around东奔西跑；(特指孩子)到处玩耍游逛
【35】gather around聚在……周围
【36】on this occasion在这个时候
【37】a sign of一个……的象征
【38】in the coming year来年
【39】joy/d I/n.欢欣，愉快，喜悦
※be filled with/full of joy充满欢乐
【40】throughout/θru 'a t/prep.在整个期间，自始至终
※throughout history纵观历史
【41】 original/ 'rId In l/adj.原先的，最早的，最初的
【42】custom/'k st m/n.风俗，习惯；传统
※original customs原始习俗
Li Yan a 70 year old grandmother from Heilongjiang
Spring Festival is family time for us. My husband and I are both retired 【31】 . We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot. Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming. Things start to get really busy.
We think about 【32】 what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.
Our house buzzes 【33】 with activities when everyone comes home. Our grandchildren run around 【34】 shouting and playing [5], and the adults gather around 【35】 the table to talk about the past year. Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special [6] on this occasion 【36】 —they are a sign of 【37】 our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year 【38】. To me, this is Spring Festival— the joy 【39】 of a family gathering.
[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语，伴随run around而发生
[6]形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。又如：something interesting/important等
Throughout 【40】 history, some of the original 【41】 customs 【42】 have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
李燕，70岁，一位奶奶，居住黑龙江
春节是我们的家庭时间。我和丈夫都退休了。我们不经常见到我们的孩子和孙子孙女，非常想念他们。春节前几周，我们开始为他们回家做准备。日子慢慢开始变得忙碌起来。我们琢磨孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。
当每个人都到家时，我们的房子充满各种活动和声响。我们的孙辈一边跑一边喊，一边玩，大人们围在桌子旁谈论过去的一年。厨房里也很有趣，因为正在包饺子。在这段时间里，我们通常吃饺子，因为它们在这个场合有一些特殊的含义——它们是我们期望来年健康和幸福的标志。对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。
纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了，但是春节的精神——家庭精神——在很大程度上得到了保留。全国各地的人们仍在践行着大部分重要的春节传统。
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)immediately adv.即刻，马上；接近，紧接，附近 conj.一……就)
(教材原句)What words immediately come to your mind for describing its meaning
你会立刻想到什么词来描述它的意思？
(1)act immediately 立即行动
leave immediately 马上离开
immediately after... 在……之后立即
immediately obvious 能轻易看见的；很容易理解的
(2)take immediate action 立刻采取行动
give/make an immediate reaction/response 给予/作出即时的反应
get/receive an immediate reaction/response 得到/收到即时的反应
hold an immediate meeting 举行紧急会议
in the immediate future 在最近的将来
an immediate cause 直接原因
She answered almost immediately.
她几乎立刻就回答了。
They moved in immediately before Christmas.
他们临近圣诞节搬进去了。
Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.
她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
I went home immediately I had finished work.
我一干完活就回家了。
We made an immediate response.
我们立即作出反应。
She's out of immediate danger.
她眼下已没有危险。
The director is standing on her immediate right.
主管就挨在她的右边站着。
He is my immediate superior(＝the person directly above me) in the company.
他在公司里是我的顶头上司。
[联想]
(1)立刻，马上：at once, right now, right away
(2)“一……就”的其他表达法
as soon as...; directly.../instantly...；
the moment.../the instant.../the minute.../the second...
(3)immediate adj.立即的，立刻的；目前的，当前的，迫切的；接近的，附近的，紧接的；直系的，直接的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The plane began to turn to the left almost ________ (immediate) after takeoff.
②I'll call you ___________ (immediate) I hear anything.
③The customer has only to bring the goods in to any branch and ________ immediate, no questions asked replacement will be provided.
④____________ (immediate) he had finished tea, he rose without delay to go out.
⑤____________ moment she saw him, she left the room with her face going red in a hurry.
immediately
immediately
an
Immediately
The
完成句子
⑥It is hoped that ____________________ (立即行动) will be taken to deal with this pressing problem.
⑦If your letter doesn't require ________________________ (立即答复), it is often answered by a phone call or text later.
immediate action
an immediate response
2)account n．描述，报道；账户，账号；账，账目 v．(～for)在数量、比例上占；是……的原因；解释，说明)
(教材原句)Read the three readers' accounts.
阅读三位读者的叙述。
(1)put sth. on sb.'s account 把……记在某人账上
give an account of 描述……
give a vivid account of 生动描述
on account of 因为，由于
on account 记账；以赊账的方式
on that account 由于那个原因
take account of/take...into account 考虑到，顾及
on no account 决不，绝对不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
an Internet/email account 互联网/电子邮件账户
do the accounts 记账
an account book 账本，账簿
open/close an account 开户/销户
a joint account 联合账户
give a detailed account 详细的描述
(2)account for 是……的原因；解释；(数量/比例上)占
She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
My father helped me set up a bank account.
我爸爸帮我开了个银行账户。
You can withdraw money from the account at any time.
你可以随时从这个账户中提款。
What's your account number, please？
请问你的账号是什么？
I paid the cheque into my savings account.
我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。
The Chinese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue.
中国市场占该公司收入的35%。
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。
Oh well, that accounts for it(＝I understand now why it happened).
哎呀，原来是这么一回事。
How do you account for the show's success
你认为这次演出为何成功？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Several eyewitnesses' ________ (account) differed greatly from the official version of events.
②I've opened ________ account with a building society.
③It is said that body language accounts ________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
④________ no account can we tolerate violence against children.
⑤The president refused to deliver the speech himself, on account ________ a sore throat.
accounts
an
for
On
of
⑥I hope my teacher will take ________ account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marked my paper.
⑦One must take account ________ the audience when making speeches.
完成句子
⑧____________________ (我们绝不能) shut our eyes to the more and more serious environmental problems.
⑨The girl __________________________(准确描述了) what she had seen that day.
into
of
On no account can we
gave an accurate account of
3)summarise vi. & vt.总结，概括(summarize))
(教材原句)Use a few words to summarise the meaning of Spring Festival for each account.
用几句话来总结每个叙述中春节的意义。
(1)summarise the main idea 总结大意
summarise the reason 总结原因
summarise the experience 总结经验
summarise main points 概括要点
to summarise 总结来说
(2)in summary 总的来说
a news summary 新闻综述
write a summary of the story 写故事概要
make a summary report 作简要报告
give a summary of 对……进行总结
I'll just summarise the main points of the argument in a few words.
我将用几句话概括一下这个论点的要点。
To summarise, we believe the company cannot continue.
总而言之，我们认为该公司不能继续下去。
In summary, this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
Can you give me a quick summary of your research
你能给我简要概括一下你的研究吗？
I made a summary report for the records.
对记录内容作了扼要报告。
[词语拓展] summary n．总结；概括；概要adj.总结性的，概括的，概要的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The results of the research _____________ (summarise) at the end of the chapter.
②These results can _____________(summarise) in the following table.
③________ summarise, there are three main categories.
④________ summary, this is a clever way of solving a common problem.
⑤At the end of the news, they often give you ________ summary of the main stories.
⑥He gave us a short summary ________ the meeting.
⑦____________ (summarise), we have seen great changes happening to make students more active.
are summarised
be summarised
To
In
a
of
To summarise
4)host n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办，主持；作为主人组织(聚会)，做东)
(教材原句)It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family.
这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。
(1)play host to 招待/接待(人)主办，(活动)
be host to sb. (作为主人)招待/款待某人
(2)host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会
host a dinner 设宴
host a show/programme 主持节目
host a meeting 主持会议
(3)an air hostess 空姐
a TV game show host 电视游戏节目主持人
the host nation for the next World Cup 下届世界杯的主办国
Apart from the host, I didn't know a single person there.
除了主人，那儿的人我一个也不认识。
I played host to my best friend, Li Ming last night.
昨天晚上我招待了最好的朋友李明。
Shanghai will play host to the next Tennis Masters Cup.
上海将举办下届网球大师杯赛。
The college is (playing) host to a group of visiting Russian scientists.
这所学院接待了一批来访的俄国科学家。
Which country is hosting the next Olympic Games
哪个国家将主办下届奥运会？
When choosing a person to host the show, there are certain things we need to consider.
在选择这个节目的主持人时，有一些情况我们需要考虑。
Mary has always been the perfect hostess on the TV station.
玛丽一直是这个电视台的完美女主持。
The hostess made her guests comfortable.
女主人使客人们感到舒适自在。
Now that she's an air hostess, foreign travel doesn't appeal to her.
她既然当了空姐，国外旅行对她就没有吸引力了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Japan is playing host ________ the next international meeting.
②I am lucky as I am one of the ________ (host).
③Last Sunday she ________ (host) a ball for 300 guests.
④One of the ___________ (hostess) on tonight's show is Mary.
⑤You need a lot of knowledge to be ________ air hostess.
⑥All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still ________ (host) the biggest events in world sport.
to
hosts
hosted
hostesses
an
hosting
完成句子
⑦Germany ________________________ (主办了世界杯决赛).
⑧The college is ________________________ (接待) a group of visiting Russian scientists.
⑨Zhangjiakou is one of the ___________ (主办城市) for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
hosted the World Cup finals
playing host to
host cities
(5)sweep vt.扫，打扫；扫除；（迅猛地）推送，吹走，冲走，带走；猛烈吹过，席卷，横扫；掠过，扫视，搜索，轻轻掠过
(教材原句)My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.
我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
(1)sweep up/out 打扫；清扫/打扫干净
sweep away 扫除，清除；消灭，彻底消除，完全打消
sweep sb. up 一把抱起某人
sweep in 吹进，灌进
sweep across 席卷，横扫
sweep through 席卷；轻易通过
sweep over 涌上心头
sweep off 扫清；吹走
(2)sweep the country 席卷全国
sweep the floor/dust 清扫地板/扫去灰尘
a road/carpet sweeper 马路清洁工/地毯清洁器
The showroom has been emptied and swept clean.
陈列室已经清空并打扫干净了。
He swept the leaves up into a pile.
他把树叶扫成一堆。
Mother told Tom to sweep away the fallen leaves in the yard.
妈妈要汤姆扫除庭院里的落叶。
We clean the house to sweep away bad luck.
我们打扫房间以清除掉坏运气。
The boat was swept out to sea.
船只被吹到大海里去了。
Rain swept in through the broken windows.
雨水从破窗户灌进屋内。
A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.
昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。
His eyes swept around the room.
他把房间扫视了一遍。
Searchlights swept the sky.
探照灯在空中扫来扫去。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A sudden feeling of sadness swept ________ all of my anger.
②On Sunday morning after getting up, I helped my mother sweep ________ the house and wash clothes.
③The fallen leaves are being swept ________ by the old man.
④Without another word she ________ (sweep) out the room.
⑤He rushed to greet her, ________ (sweep) his arms wide.
⑥John is proud that his father is a ________ (sweep).
⑦She let herself ________ (sweep) along by the crowd.
away
up/out
up
swept
sweeping
sweeper
be swept
完成句子
⑧Chinese people would ____________________ (打扫干净他们的房屋) before Spring Festival.
⑨Any doubts had long since ____________________ (已完全消除).
⑩Uncontrollable anger ____________________ (涌上心头) Jim when he learned how Mary had been treated.
sweep out their houses
been swept away
swept over
6)character n．字，字体，符号；人物，角色；(人、集体的)品质，性格，(地方的)特点，特性；勇气，毅力)
(教材原句)Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。
(1)have a strong/weak character 个性强/不强
in character 符合……的个性；在性格方面
out of character 不符合……的个性
character building 性格塑造
shape one's character 塑造某人的性格
in character with 与……风格相同
(2)Chinese characters 汉字
the main/central/leading character 主角/中心人物/主要人物
a television/movie/cartoon character 电视剧/电影/卡通片人物
the American character 美国人的性格
a man of good character 品德高尚的人
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year
你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？
The film's central character is played by Collard himself.
这部影片的主角由科勒德亲自扮演。
Generosity is part of the Chinese character.
慷慨是中国人性格的一部分。
Everyone admires her strength of character and determination.
每一个人都钦佩她坚强的性格和决心。
Adventure camps are considered to be character building.
冒险野营生活被认为能磨练意志。
The athlete has shown great strength of character.
这位运动员表现得很有毅力。
Her behaviour last evening was completely out of character.
她昨晚的举止与她的个性完全不符。
[词语拓展]
characteristic adj.独特的，显示……特性的n.特征；特点
[句式]
be a characteristic of是……的特色
it is characteristic of sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的特征
[即学即练] 写出句中character的含义
①This is a shopping list written in Chinese characters.________
②She's a curious character—I don't really know what to think of her.________
③The book gives a fascinating insight into Mrs Blair's character._____
④Humour is part of the American character.________
⑤The whole character of the school has changed.________
字
人物
性格
性格
特点
单句语法填空
⑥The story is built around three main ________ (character).
⑦It's a play ________ a lot of characters.
⑧The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly ________ character.
⑨They get dead drunk and act greatly out ________ character, shouting and crying.
⑩The new wing of the museum was not really in character ________ the rest of the building.
完成句子
Jogging can not only build up your body but also _______________ (塑造你的性格).
characters
with
in
of
with
shape your character
7)attach vt.贴；固定；附上；认为有重要性(或意义、价值等)，重视；和……在一起，缠着；与……有联系)
(教材原句)attach to使贴/系/粘在……；使相关；使牵连；依附
(1)attach...to... 把……固定在/附在/贴在……上
attach great importance/significance/weight to... 非常重视……
attach little/great value to... 认为……几乎没有/很有价值
(2)be attached to 喜欢/附属于……
a child's strong attachment to its parents 孩子对父母的强烈依恋
I attached a photo to my application form.
我在申请表上贴了一张照片。
I attach a copy of my notes for your information.
我附上一份笔记供你参考。
They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
We should attach great weight to children's mental health.
我们应该重视儿童心理健康。
I attach great importance to the research.
我认为这项研究十分重要。
The teacher attaches great value to students' creativity.
这位老师很重视学生的创造力。
[词语拓展]
(1)attached adj.附着的；附属于；喜欢的，依恋的
The research unit is attached to the university.
这个研究单位附属于这所大学。
He is deeply attached to dancing.他深深迷恋着跳舞。
(2)attachment n．附件，附属品；依恋，爱慕
Father and child form a close attachment.父子情深。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Did you remember to attach a label ________ the present
②Whenever my parents talk with me, they always attach great importance ________ how necessary it is for us young people to rely on ourselves both in work and in life.
③She attaches great value to ______ (be) financially independent.
④I've never seen two people so ________ (attach) to each other.
⑤Please complete the ________ (attach) application form.
⑥My younger brother is studying in a high school ________ (attach) to Renmin University of China.
⑦Some people's ________ (attach) to their smartphones is becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.
to
to
being
attached
attached
attached
attachment
完成句子
⑧They ____________________________ (依恋他们的家庭).
⑨The health of the elderly is a problem _________________________
(我们应该重视的).
are attached to their family
we should attach importance to
8)expectant adj.期待的，期望的 expectantly adv.期待地，期望地 expect vt.期待，期望，预料)
(1)an expectant crowd 满怀期待的人群
children with expectant faces 带着期盼神情的孩子们
expectant mothers/fathers 准妈妈/爸爸
children with expectant faces 带着期盼的神情的孩子们
(2)expect to do sth. 期望做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待/预料某人做某事
expect too much from sb. 对某人期望过高
be expected to 预计；理应，应当
live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望
beyond expectation 出乎意料
waiting expectantly 满怀期望地等待
as is expected 正如所预料的那样
It is expected that... 预计……
She turned to me with an expectant look on her face.
她转身望着我，脸上带着期待的表情。
We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.
我们一直盼望着他昨天到达。
We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.
我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。
You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
你不要指望在几个月内就学会一门外语。
We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
The event did not live up to expectations.
这项比赛有负众望。
Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.
遗憾的是新软件并不理想。
She looked at him expectantly.
她满怀期望地看着他。
[拓展]
expect vt.预料，预期；等待，期待，盼望；要求，期望，指望
expectation n．预料，预期，期待；希望，盼望；期望，指望
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ expectant mother is someone whose child has not yet been born.
②You arrived earlier than I ____________ (expect).
③The scientists expect ________ (find) a chemical cure for lung cancer within five years.
④It ____________ (expect) that former Foreign Minister Von Brentano will return to the Cabinet.
⑤Don't expect me ________ (come) and visit you there.
An
had expected
to find
is expected
to come
⑥I was expecting a present ________ her, so I was disappointed when I didn't receive one.
⑦It would not live up to his/her ___________．
⑧The new president of the university is trying his best to live up ________ the expectations of the students.
⑨The others waited, looking at him ___________ (expectant).
⑩In today's game the Chinese basketball team played _____________ expectation.
from
expectations
to
expectantly
beyond
(2)(be)scared to death 吓得要死
be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared＋(that)宾语从句 害怕/担心……
a scared look 惊恐的表情
a scared child 受惊的孩子
(3)It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人感到害怕。
It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。
His threats scared them out of carrying out the plan.
他的威胁迫使他们不敢实行该计划。
You gave me a scare！
你吓了我一跳！
We've had quite a scare.
我们吓得不轻。
The thieves got scared and ran away.
小偷们害怕了，就跑了。
He's scared of heights.
他有恐高症。
She is scared of going out alone.
她害怕一个人外出。
People are scared to use the buses late at night.
人们不敢在深夜乘坐公共汽车。
I'm scared (that) I'm going to fall.
我担心自己会掉下去。
【10】I was scared to death (＝was very frightened).
我吓得要死。
【11】It was a really scary moment.
那一刻真是吓人。
【12】There's something very scary about him.
他身上有种非常吓人的东西。
[拓展]
(1)scary adj.令人害怕的
(2)scared adj.害怕的
scary adj.(表示事物的本身特点)令人恐惧/害怕的
scared adj.(表示人的心理状态)感到害怕/惊恐的
如：scary film恐怖电影
a scared look惊恐的表情
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ugly scenes ________ (scare) the holiday crowds away.
②He was almost scared ________ death when the man in the armchair turned around.
③You can't scare me ________ telling you anything.
④When I was a little child, I was scared ________ being left alone at home.
⑤I'm scared ________ (look) down from the top of a building.
⑥I wanted to ask her out, but was ________ (scare) that she might refuse.
scared
to
into
of
to look
scared
⑦Rising prices are scaring customers ________．
⑧Don't you realise what ________ scare you've given us all
⑨The elevator suddenly dropped, ________ (scare) the people in it.
⑩Day after day, you'll have new experiences which can be ________ (scare), but it can also be fun.
The child shouting in a ________ (scare) voice needed the comfort and security of a loving hand, or a hug, or a lap to sit on.
away/off
a
scaring
scary
scared
10)flight n．航班；空中航行，飞行，飞翔；逃跑，逃避；楼梯的一段)
(教材原句)．..as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.……因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。
a domestic/an international flight 国内/国际航班
a smooth/comfortable flight 平稳/舒适的空中航行
book/catch/miss a flight 预定航班/赶上飞机/误机
a long/short flight 长途/短途飞行
flight safety 飞行安全
a bird in flight 飞行中的鸟
take flight 逃走
a flight of stairs/steps 一段楼梯/台阶
We've booked on the same flight.
我们订了同一班机的机票。
Flight is natural to birds.
飞翔是鸟类的天性。
When the alarm sounded, the robbers took flight in a hurry.
警报声响起时，劫匪匆忙逃跑了。
She fell down a flight of stairs/steps and hurt her back.
她从一段楼梯上跌了下来，摔伤了后背。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All ________ (flight) to New York today are delayed because of bad weather.
②You may be physically and mentally tired after a long ________ (fly).
③Owing to situations beyond our control, the flight ________ Rome has been called off.
④The two men met with each other ________ a flight from Hefei to Quanzhou.
flights
flight
to
on
⑤His flight to Zhengzhou connects with ________ afternoon flight to Hefei.
⑥Its real purpose is the launching and recovering of small aeroplanes ________ flight.
⑦We walked in silence up ________ flight of stairs and down a long corridor.
an
in
a
11)surround vt.环绕，围绕)
(1)surround...with... 用……包围……
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕
(2)the surrounding area 周围地区
the surrounding scenery 周围的环境
work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
live in comfortable surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中
Tall trees surround the lake.
大树环绕着湖。
Armed police surrounded a house in the street.
全副武装的警察包围了这条街上的一栋房子。
The lake is surrounded with/by trees.
湖边树木环绕。
As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年时我备受关爱。
David likes to surround himself with young people.
戴维喜欢与年轻人为伍。
[易混比较] surroundings与environment
·surroundings专指自然环境，侧重于周围的事物。
·environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，侧重于环境对人的感受、道德观念产生的影响。
These children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment．
这些孩子成长的地方很美，但是缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Gwen sat at her desk, ________ (surround) by books and papers.
②________ (surround) yourself with encouraging individuals who challenge you to be better.
③The house _________ (surround) by trees, so it doesn't stand out at all.
④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come in from the ___________ (surround) countryside.
⑤The boy adapted with ease to his new ___________ (surround).
⑥___________ (surround) by the policemen, the thief couldn't escape being caught.
surrounded
Surround
is surrounded
surrounding
surroundings
Surrounded
12)accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出)
a northern/Dublin/Scottish accent 北方/都柏林/苏格兰口音
a strong/broad accent 浓重的口音
with/without an accent 带有/不带口音
get rid of an accent 改掉口音
put the accent on 在……标上重音；强调，重视
accent the second syllable 重读第二个音节
She spoke English with an accent.她说英语带有口音。
She spoke with an Irish accent.她说话带有爱尔兰口音。
He flattered himself that he spoke French with a perfect accent.
他自以为他说法语的腔调很完美。
In “today” the accent is on the second syllable.
“today”一词的重音在第二个音节上。
The accent falls on the third syllable.
重音落在第三个音节上。
The government put the accent on light industry.
政府注重轻工业。
Please accent the first syllable.请重读第一个音节。
The women accent their eyes with make up.
女性用化妆品来突出眼部。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She had never heard ________ accent like his.
②She spoke ________ a strong Australian accent.
③She speaks Chinese ________ an accent and is often mistaken for a Chinese.
④He is putting the accent ________ keeping calm in case of fire.
完成句子
⑤Few of us speak English ________________ (不带口音), and few of the foreign listeners will laugh at your accent.
⑥The best way to quickly ________________ (去掉你的口音) is to expose yourself to as much English media as possible.
an
with
without
on
without an accent
get rid of your accent
13)retired adj.退休的 retire v．(使)退休 retirement n．退休，退休生活，退职，退出，引退)
(教材原句)My husband and I are both retired.
我和丈夫都退休了。
retire from/as 从……退休/作为……退休
a retired doctor 退休医生
after retirement 退休后
a retirement pension 退休金
The organisation is headed by a retired police officer.
该组织由一位退休警官领导。
We called on an old worker just retired.
我们拜访了一位刚刚退休的老工人。
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
她由于身体不好而被迫早早地从教学岗位上退休。
He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.
他还不打算从杂志编辑的位子上退休。
She took to painting after retirement.
她退休后爱上绘画。
At 60, he was now approaching retirement.
他60岁了，就要退休了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His ________ (retire) parents would certainly have had less economic security back then.
②He'll get ￡50，000 from the company when he ________ (retire), which is a tidy sum.
③The magazine suggested incorrectly that he was planning ________ (retire).
④Since retiring ________ the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity.
⑤The idea of having to sell their home and move into a ________ (retire) home was an extremely painful experience for them.
⑥He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.
retired
retires
to retire
from
retirement
in
14)joy n．[U]欢欣，愉快，喜悦；[C]令人高兴的人(或事)；乐事；乐趣 joyful adj.欢喜的；令人高兴的 joyfully adv.高兴地，喜悦地)
(教材原句)To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering.对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。
(1)to one's joy 令某人高兴的是
jump for joy 高兴得跳起来
our joy and sadness 我们的欢乐和悲伤
be filled with joy＝be full of joy 充满欢乐
bring joy to sb. 给某人带来快乐
(2)a joyful meeting 令人高兴的见面
greet him joyfully 快乐地跟他打招呼
To his great joy, she accepted.
使他感到非常高兴的是她接受了。
She's a joy to work with.
和她一起工作很愉快。
The game was a joy to watch.
这比赛观看起来真开心。
The meeting between the two families was a joyful one.
这两家人的聚会十分愉快。
They began to work harder than ever and more joyfully.
他们开始比以前更努力、更快乐地工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ her great joy, her son had been found alive and well.
②We all jump ________ joy after knowing that our class won the singing competition.
③Spending evenings outside is one of the ________ (joy) of summer.
④Christmas is such a ________ (joy) time of year.
⑤She passed the finishing line ________ (joy).
完成句子
⑥Since this was my first time to take the plane, I ________________ (满心欢喜).
⑦Hearing the news that was brought by him, they all ________________ (高兴地跳了起来).
To
for
joys
joyful
joyfully
was filled with joy
jumped for joy
15)throughout prep.在整个期间，自始至终(＝all through)；各处，遍及(＝all over) adv.自始至终；各处，遍及)
(教材原句)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed.纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了……
throughout one's life＝all through one's life 在某人的一生中
throughout the year＝all through the year 全年
throughout the day/night＝all through the day/night 整个白天/夜晚
throughout the country＝all over the country 全国
throughout the world＝all over the world 全世界
The museum is open daily throughout the year.
这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
They export their products to markets throughout the world.
他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场。
The floods caused great damage throughout the area.
洪水给整个地区造成了巨大破坏。
The house was painted white throughout.
这所房子全都粉刷成了白色。
The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout.
仪式进行了两个小时，我们自始至终都得站着。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was faithful to his wife ________ their 30 year marriage.
②All ________ his years in prison, he fought to clear his name.
③The news soon found its way ________ the country.
④The war is a focus all ________ the world.
完成句子
⑤Just keep music ______________ (一直播放下去).
⑥She's been leading ________________ (赛跑中), but it now looks as if she's tired.
⑦The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued ________________ (1990年全年).
throughout
through
throughout
over
playing throughout
throughout the race
throughout 1990
16)custom n．习俗，习惯；传统，习性，惯常行为；光顾 customer n．顾客，主顾 customs n．海关)
a local custom 当地的风俗
an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗
break a custom 打破风俗习惯
follow/observe a custom 遵守一种风俗
respect a custom 尊重风俗
become a custom/habit 成为一种习惯
the custom of giving presents 赠送礼物的习俗
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
Different ethnic groups have different cultures and customs.
不同的种族拥有不同的文化和习俗。
They have the custom of playing cards on card tables in the middle of the street.
他们有在街中央围着牌桌打扑克的习惯。
It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
谨慎地处理每个问题是他的习惯。
Customs officers turned the man over to the police.
海关官员把那个男子移交给警方看管。
It took us ages to get through customs when we got back from Italy.
我们从意大利回来时花了很长时间办理海关手续。
[比较] custom/habit/practice
·custom指在一个社会(集体)中公认的行为方式和习俗。
·habit侧重于个人养成的习惯，强调习惯成自然，常常是不自觉的，不易破除的意味。
·practice指个人或社会的“惯常做法，惯例或习惯性的工作方式”。
如：Modern practice in dentistry favours less use of anaesthetics.
现代牙医的惯常做法是少用麻醉剂。
It is his practice to furnish references to all the quotations.
他的一贯做法是在每句引文后注明出处。
It is hard to form a good habit.养成好习惯不容易。
[说明] custom的复数形式还可以表示“海关；关税”：
customs officers海关官员
customs duty/duties进口税
pay customs on sth.为某物缴纳关税
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's ________ custom which is beginning to die out.
②It's ________ old custom to set off fireworks during Spring Festival.
③In Japan ________ is the custom to take off your shoes when you enter a house.
④She's studying the language and ________ (custom) of the Hopi Indians.
⑤I paid 40 dollars in customs ________ the Swiss watch.
⑥You don't have to pay ________ (custom) on any alcohol or tobacco brought for your own use in another EU country.
a
an
it
customs
for
customs
选词填空：custom/habit/practice
⑦The married women of that place maintained the ________ of blackening their teeth.
⑧It is common ________ in the US to tip the waiter.
⑨It's not a good ________ to stay up late and get up late, which is of no benefit to our health.
custom
practice
habit
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)put up张贴，公布；举起，抬起；提升，提高，增加；建造，搭建，竖立；留宿，住宿；推荐，提名)
(教材原句)to put up decorations张贴装饰品
(1)put up a building/tent 盖楼房/搭帐篷
put up one's hand 举手
put up the rent 提高租金
put up a notice 贴出通知
put up a flag 升旗
put up an argument/a proposal 提出论据/建议
put up at a hotel 在旅馆住宿
(2)put aside 忽视，不理睬；储存，保留
put away 将……收起；积蓄，攒钱
put back 将……放回；推迟，延迟；向后拨
put down 放下；记下；镇压
put forward 推荐，举荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)；提出，提议
put off 推迟，延迟
put on 穿上，戴上；增加体重；举办，上演，展出
put out 扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造；出版，广播，公布
put out a candle/cigarette/light 熄灭蜡烛/香烟/灯火
put up with 忍受，容忍(tolerate)
They're putting new street signs up.
他们正张贴新的路标。
She's put her hair up.
她把头发挽在头上。
Put up your hands if you have any questions.
若有问题请举手。
They've put up the rent by ￡20 a month.
他们把每月的租金提高了20英镑。
Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.
他们的朋友们建议他们提高价格。
They've put up a lot of high rise buildings recently.
最近他们盖起了很多高楼大厦。
He's useless at DIY. He won't even put up a shelf.
他的动手能力很差，甚至连搭个架子都不会。
We can put you up for the night.
今晚我们可以留你过夜。
We put up at a motel.我们住在一家汽车旅馆。
【10】The Party hopes to put up more candidates in the next election.
党派希望在下届大选中推出更多的候选人。
【11】Your suggestion is to be put up at the next meeting of the board.
你的建议将在下次董事会上提出。
[注意] put up中的up是副词，人称代词作宾语时要放在put与up中间。put it up (√) put up it (×)
[即学即练] 写出句中put up的含义
①They are putting up several new office blocks in the centre of the town.________
②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.________
③He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.________
④If you have any questions, you can put up your hands and turn to your teacher.________
⑤She is putting herself up for the election to the committee.________
建造
公布
住宿
举起
推荐
单句语法填空
⑥The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put ________ the fire.
⑦I was hoping Kenny could put me ________ for a few days.
⑧I put ________ half an hour every day to write my diary.
⑨The meeting has been put ________ to next week.
⑩The meeting's on the 22nd. Put it ________ in your diary.
Can I put you/your name ________ for club secretary
We've put the wedding ____________ by one week.
We've had to put ________ our wedding until September.
She looks like she's put ________ weight.
I'm not going to put up ________ their smoking any longer.
out
up
aside
back
down
forward
forward/back
off
on
with
2)let off使某物爆炸，放炮；排放；饶恕，放过(with)；免除)
(教材原句)to let off fireworks燃放烟花
(1)let sb. off sth. 允许某人不做某事/不去某地
let sb. off (with sth.) 不惩罚，宽恕，从轻处罚
let sb. off lightly 对某人从轻处罚
let sb. off with a warning 某人未被处罚，仅仅受警告
let us off homework 允许我们不做家庭作业
(2)let alone 更不用说，更何况
let...go/let go of... 放开，松手；释放
let down 使失望；放下，降低，降下
let...in 让……进来；放进
let in the fresh air 让新鲜空气进来
let...out 发出(叫声等)；泄露，释放
let sb. alone/be 不打扰某人，不要管某人
A resident let off fireworks to celebrate the revolution.
一个居民燃放了烟花来庆祝革命。
Many other human activities also let off carbon gases.
许多其他的人类活动也排放含碳气体。
They let us off lightly.
他们对我们从轻发落了。
She was let off with a warning.
她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。
He let us off homework today.
他今天免了我们的家庭作业。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The teacher forbade the pupils to let ________ fireworks in school.
②Instead of a prison sentence, they ________ (let) off with a fine.
③It is unlikely that the 12 year old managed to even reach the pedals, let ________ drive the car.
④When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go ________ your hate.
⑤I'm sure she won't let us ________ in the next exam.
⑥I opened our bedroom windows to let ________ the wind.
⑦It remains unknown who let ________ the secret.
off
were let
alone
of
down
in
out
3)upside down倒置地，颠倒地→inside out里面朝外)
turn sth. upside down 把……翻得乱七八糟，使凌乱不堪；给(某人生活)造成大的变化(或混乱)
up and down 上下波动，来来回回
hang sth. upside down 把……挂颠倒了
take sth. upside down 把……拿颠倒了
put sth. upside down 把某物放倒
Turn the bottle upside down and you'll see the change inside.
把瓶子倒过来，你会看到里面的变化。
His sudden death turned her world upside down.
他的突然离世使她的生活完全乱套了。
He put on his coat in a hurry, as a result, inside out.
他急急忙忙穿上上衣，结果里面朝外了。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①学生们把椅子倒放在书桌上。
__________________________________________________________
②把罐子倒过来摇一摇。
__________________________________________________________
③这幅画挂颠倒了。
__________________________________________________________
The students put the chairs upside down on their desks.
Turn the jar upside down and shake it.
The painting was hung upside down.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句。)
(教材原句)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。
It is recorded/supposed that... 据记载/据推测……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is suggested/advised that... 有人建议……
It is ordered/commanded that... 命令……
It is required/demanded/requested that... 要求/请求……
It is said/reported/announced that... 据说/据报道/据宣布……
It is thought/considered/believed/agreed/argued/hoped that... 人们认为/人们相信/人们主张/人们希望……
It is said that the world would run out of fresh water in 2050.
据说到2050年世界上的淡水将会耗尽。
It is argued that husbands and wives are responsible for housework.
有人认为丈夫和妻子都应该负责做家务。
It is announced that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday.
据宣布，运动会将在下周二举行。
It is recorded that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area.
据记载，这个地区以前发生过多次地震。
It is ordered that the patient (should) be operated on immediately.
得到指示，那个病人得立即做手术。
It is required that every student (should) wear a school uniform today.
今天，所有学生都被要求穿校服。
[学法点拨]
(1)在该句型中， it是形式主语， that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。如果主句谓语是表示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”等动词，主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。
It is requested that all the members (should) be present at the meeting tomorrow.要求所有成员都参加明天的会议。
(2)“It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”可以转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式．”或“People＋动词＋that...”。
一句多译：据说他们赢得了比赛。
It is said that they have won the game.
＝They are said to have won the game.
＝People say that they have won the game.
[比较]
“It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”与as引导的定语从句的区别
It is reported that the famous photographer founded a new studio.
据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(It是形式主语， that...studio是主语从句，是真正的主语)
As is reported, the famous photographer founded a new studio.
据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(As是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is considered that the responsibility for learning lies on the students rather than teachers.
②It is said ________ the world's whole population will grow from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 11 billion.
③It ________ (believe) that the part diet plays in our good health is very important.
④It is required that every passenger ____________ (carry) their ID card when entering the station.
⑤________ was announced at the end of the meeting, an agreement had been reached.
It
that
is believed
(should) carry
As
⑥________ was announced that at the end of the meeting an agreement had been reached.
⑦It is reported that a space station __________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
⑧A space station is reported ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
⑨________ is said that the exhibition will last for a month in the school hall.
⑩It is suggested/advised that sunscreen ___________ be applied every one to two hours in a sunny day.
It
will be built
to be built
It
should/不填
完成句子
________________ (众所周知) adolescents often select peers who take part in behaviours similar to their own.
__________________ (众所周知), the earth moves around the sun.
He ____________________________________ (据说被一所著名大学录取了), for which he has worked hard for three years.
It is well known that
As is known to all
is said to be admitted by a famous university
2)with复合结构)
(教材原句)Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。
句式分析
(1)构成：with＋宾语＋宾补 宾补可以是现在分词(表主动或进行)、过去分词(表被动或完成)、不定式(表尚未发生)，也可以是形容词、副词、介词短语等。否定形式用“without＋宾语＋宾补”。
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补)
He left the room with the light on.
他亮着灯离开了房间。(副词作宾补)
Without anyone noticing, he slipped out from the back door.
没人注意，他从后门溜走了。(现在分词作宾补)
Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms
你认识那个抱着婴儿的妇女吗？(介词短语作宾补)
He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceiling.
他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。(过去分词短语作宾补)
(2)用法：with复合结构在句中多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件，也可以作定语。
With the meal over, we all went home.
吃完饭，我们都回家了。(时间状语)
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。(伴随状语)
He could not finish it without me to help him.
我若不帮他，他不可能完成。(条件状语)
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.
橱柜里什么也没剩下，她就出去找点吃的。(原因状语)
【10】I like eating the mooncakes with eggs in them.
我喜欢吃里面有鸡蛋的月饼。(定语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them.
②The boy lay on the ground, his eyes closed and his hands ________ (tremble).
③With our problem ________ (settle), he wasn't allowed to go out.
④He was lying on the grass, his hands ________ (cross) under his head.
⑤An important lecture ________ (give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
following
trembling
unsettled
crossed
to be given
⑥She looked back at him ________ fire in her eyes (眼中充满怒火).
⑦John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
⑧In the reading room, we found her seated at a desk, her attention ________ (fix) on a book.
⑨With so much work ________ (do), the boys were not allowed to go home.
⑩With my son ________ (do) his homework, my wife didn't permit me to turn on the TV.
with
finished
fixed
to do
doing
3)“the＋时间名词”引导状语从句)
(教材原句)Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围……
句式分析
(1)the moment, the minute, the instant, the second引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。
She burst into tears the moment she got the sad news.
一听到这伤心的消息，她就哭了起来。
The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
铃声一响，学生都跑出了教室。
(2)the day, the morning, the afternoon, the evening, the night, the week, the month, the season, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter, the year引导状语从句。
The week I was in hospital, she attended me at the bedside day and night.我住院的一周里，她夜以继日在我床头边照顾我。
(3)“the＋序数词＋time”， (the) next/last time
He was writing a book the first time I saw him.
我第一次看见他时，他在写一本书。
(The) Next time you come, be sure to take your little daughter with you.下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿一起。
(4)其他名词词组：each time, every time, any time
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
每次坐船，我都晕船。
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The machine will start ________ moment you press this button.
②________ instant I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me.
③________ second I opened the window I saw a beautiful bird.
④His father died ________ winter he went abroad.
⑤Several traffic accidents took place on the highway ________ morning it snowed heavily.
⑥________ day he returned home, his father was already dead.
the
The
The
the
the
The
⑦________ month I went to Henan, Li Ming helped me look after my house.
⑧A strange feeling came on Shelton ________ first time he saw them sitting there at lunch.
⑨________ second time I talk to him, he admitted that he had made a big mistake.
⑩I'll give him a black eye ________ next time he offends you.
The
the
The
the
4)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语)
(教材原句)We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。
句式分析 句中wishing everyone a happy new year是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
Arriving at the cinema, he found the film had been over.
他到达电影院时，发现电影已经结束。(时间状语)
Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。(原因状语)
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩什么有用的东西。(一般式的结果)
Working hard as he used to, he still couldn't succeed.
尽管如过去一样努力工作，他仍未成功。(让步状语)
[比较] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语/不定式(短语)作结果状语
现在分词(短语)一般不作目的状语，但可作结果状语，往往表示自然而然的结果，而不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的、不好的结果。
The fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable．大火持续将近两天，没剩下什么值钱的东西。(现在分词短语作状语，表示大火造成的自然而然的结果)
He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑去车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。(不定式短语作状语，表示发现火车开走了是出乎意料的结果)
[知识拓展] 现在分词(短语)可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随状语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To show this, she held up one chopstick, ____________ (represent) one person.
②He hurried to the railway station, only ________ (find) the train had gone. He didn't know how to deal with it.
③If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, ________ (allow) even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
完成句子
④The boys and girls walked toward school, ________________ (又唱又笑).
⑤________________ (如果好好表现), you shall get a nice award.
representing
to find
allowing
laughing and singing
Behaving yourself
5)动名词(短语)作句子主语)
(教材原句)As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it.随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。
句式分析 虽然是两个动名词短语并列作句子主语，但是它们指同一个概念(回家和全家人待在一起)，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)
结论：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
动名词(短语)作主语与不定式(短语)在句中作主语的比较：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，表示多次的、经常性的行为；不定式(短语)在句中作主语，表示具体的或某一次的动作。
下列句型中常用动名词(短语)作主语：
(1)It is/was no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没有意义。
(2)It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
下列句型中常用不定式(短语)作主语：
(1)It is important/necessary/easy/hard/difficult/challenging/possible/a pity/a shame to do sth.做某事很重要/必要/容易/困难/困难/有挑战性/有可能/遗憾/令人羞愧。
(2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apparently, blindly ________ (follow) others' advice will affect our own judgment.
②Turning one's life into a waiting game ________ (require) faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us.
③I know it is important ________ (know) my own limitations, but it is challenging ________ (help) others to know their own limitations.
following
requires
to know
to help
The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad．
该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句， whom指代的是about 100 students)
There used to be a time at which/during which (when) the Chinese people struggled for freedom.
中国人曾经有一段为自由而斗争的日子。(时间状语)
In 2006, we moved to Boston, in which (where) my grand parents live.
2006年，我们才搬到了波士顿，我爷爷、奶奶就住在这里。(作地点状语)
There's no reason for which (why) we shouldn't be friends.
我们没有理由不成为朋友。(原因状语)
There are varieties of ways in which (that) we can solve the problem.
我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。(方式状语)
[温馨提示]
介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I bought a great many books, ________ I spent all money that I saved.
②The colourless gas ____________ we cannot live is called oxygen.
③They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish.
④Some experts think reading is the typical fundamental skill ________ which school education depends.
⑤Many young people, most ________ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑥Here are the questions, _______________________ I thought difficult for you.
⑦Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA,
____________________________ came from the USA.
on which
without which
in which
on/upon
of whom
some of which/of which some
most of whom/of whom most
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Which of the following can best ________ (概括) the main idea of the announcement
2．Jane is fed up with ________ (清扫) up the bits of paper and broken glass.
3．We should take ________ (考虑) of the requests of our audience.
4．Hiking by oneself is a sort of sport that is good for ________ (性格) building.
5．They now live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers ______________ (围绕) it, which helps them recover.
6．Some people think a good ________ (惊吓) is a cure for hiccups (打嗝).
summarise
sweeping
account
character
surrounding
scare
Ⅱ.短语填空
the first time, sweep up, attach...to, put up, surround...by..., let off, scare sb. away/off
1．This autumn, he goes to his grandparents' house from time to time to ____________ the fallen leaves in the courtyard.
2．In addition, we __________ humorous acts ______ our performances and received positive response.
3．____________ thick bamboo, the ancient apartment hadn't been discovered until the 1960s.
sweep up
attached
to
Surrounded by
4．____________ I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion and contribution to the research.
5．A week before Earth Day, posters ____________ around our school, attracting our attention to joining in the actions for a greener earth.
6．A bomb was ____________ in an underground train in London yesterday.
7．The city's high murder rate has ____________ possible tourists.
The first time
were put up
let off
scared away/off
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．________ he was absent from the party disappointed me.
2．________ the first time, I could see softness as well as warmth in his eyes.
3．It's no use ____________ (pretend) you are professional.
4．________ is known to us students, the store features round the clock service.
5．“It was ________ (scare). I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
6．Why do the hikers take no notice of the ____________ (surrounding) during the journey
7．A ________ (retire) engineer, 76 year old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
That
For
pretending
As
scary
surroundings
retired
8．Popularization has in some cases changed the ________ (origin) meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
9．I understood ______________ (immediate) what my parents were worried about.
10．We will put _____ the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
11．...this book also gives ________ account of the lives of lesser known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
original
immediately
off
an
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我们倾向于挂上气球来装饰房间。(tend to，put up，decorate)
_________________________________________________________
2．玛丽每次提起电视，她都说它是娱乐的源泉。(every time，entertainment)
_________________________________________________________
3．如果出现任何问题，请不要害怕。(arise，be scared about)
_________________________________________________________
4．那是我第一次网上冲浪。(It was the first time that, surf the Internet)
_________________________________________________________
We tend to put up balloons to decorate our room.
Every time Mary talks of television, she says it's a source of entertainment.
If any problem arises, don't be scared about it.
It was the first time that I had surfed the Internet.Section B Lesson 1 Spring Festival
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 描述，报道→vt.解释，说明
2．________________ n. 主人；东道主；主持人→v.主办，主持(活动、节目等)；做东
3．________________ n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心
4．________________ vt. 扫；打扫
5．________________ n. 火锅
6．________________ n. 风俗，习惯；传统
7．________________ vi. 闹哄哄，喧闹
8．________________ vt. 贴；固定；附上
9．________________ n. 葡萄酒
10．________________ n. 口音
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→________ adj.害怕的
2．surround vt.环绕，围绕→________ adj.周围的→________ n．(周围的)环境
3．retire v．退休→________ adj.退休的
4．joy n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦→________ adj.高兴的；令人愉快的
5．origin n．起源；源头→________ adj.原先的，最早的，最初的→________ adv.起初
6．immediate adj.立即的；立刻的→________ adv.即刻，马上
7．gather v．聚集→________ n．聚会
8．decorate v．装饰→________ n．装饰物
9．summary n．概括→________ vi. & vt.总结，概括
10．expect v．期待，期望→________ adj.期待的，期望的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．put up decorations ________________
2．an important tradition ________________
3．It has unique meanings. ________________
4．be highly valued ________________
5．from top to bottom ________________
6．let off fireworks ________________
7．light up the night sky ________________
8．scare sb./sth. away ________________
9．be a lot of fun ________________
10．wish sb. a happy new year ________________
11．(be) up to ________________
12．talk of old times ________________
13．be with sb. ________________
14．think about ________________
15．gather around the table ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 扫除；清除
2．________________ 汉字
3．________________ 倒置地，颠倒地
4．________________ 使贴(系，粘)在……
5．________________ 人们相信……
6．________________ 必须尽早预订……
7．________________ 细心做……
8．________________ 向某人提供某事的详情
9．________________ 结婚
10．________________ 做……很棒。
11．________________ 包饺子
12．________________ 吃饺子
13．________________ 在这种情况下；在这种场合
14．________________ 家庭团聚/聚会
15．________________ 家庭精神
16．________________ 春节习俗/传统
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What's the greatest excitement during Spring Festival according to Tom Jenkins
A.Sweeping up the house.
B.Putting Fu upside down.
C.Setting off fireworks.
D.Enjoying a good TV program.
2．What does Xu Gang think of Spring Festival
A.Staying with the family is the most important.
B.Fireworks, sweets and decorations are out of date.
C.It's not important to eat nowadays.
D.Talking about old times is always meaningless.
3．What do the retired couple usually do before the festival
A.Visit their grandchildren regularly.
B.Prepare for the union of the family.
C.Buy various delicious food for the family.
D.Organise various home activities.
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Spring Festival in the writer's opinion
A.It brings happiness of family union.
B.It makes all the people go home.
C.It always makes the family busy and tired.
D.It gives the family a kind expectation.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Spring Festival is highly valued in China. People begin to prepare a week 1.________ the festival, cleaning their homes. This means 2.________ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year. Also, the Chinese character Fu is often put upside down, which means 3.________ (happy) arrives.
Weeks before the festival, parents start to think about what they need to buy and what dishes need to 4.________ (prepare) .
For people 5.________ work outside, they start planning their trip home early. When they get home, it is great 6.________ (hear) what everyone's been up to.
Houses always buzz with 7.________ (activity) when everyone comes home. The greatest 8.________ (excite) begins when people sit together to enjoy a big dinner. They always have jiaozi, a sign of their wishes for health and happiness in the 9.________ (come) year. However, what they eat isn't the most important thing. 10.________ is important is who they eat it with. To everyone, Spring Festival is the joy of a family gathering.
[词汇注释]
①have unique meanings
有独特的意义
②understand...differently
对……有不同的理解
③host/h st/n.主人；东道主；主持人
※sb's host family某人的寄宿家庭
④highly adv.很；非常
※be highly valued非常重视
⑤from top to bottom从上到下；彻底地
⑥sweep away扫除；清除
※sweep/swi：p/vt.扫；打扫
⑦get ready for为……做准备
⑧character/'k r kt /n.字，字体；人物，角色
※the Chinese character汉字
⑨attach/ 't t /vt.贴；固定；附上
※attach...to...把……贴到……上
⑩upside down倒置地，颠倒地
※attach sth. upside down倒着贴某物
let off使某物爆炸
light up照亮
expectant/Ik'spekt nt/adj.期待的，期望的
※an expectant look期待的表情
scare sb./sth. away把……吓跑
scare/ske /vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐
[教材原文]
Notes from the editor: Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. It has unique meanings①.However, people may understand it differently②， including those from other cultures. Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine, in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it.[1]
[1]“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，对accounts进行补充说明
Tom Jenkins a 16 year old exchange student living in Nanjing
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China[2] with my host③ family. Spring Festival is highly④valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.⑤ My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away⑥ the dirt of the past year and get ready for⑦ the new year.
[2]It/That/This is/was sb's first time doing sth.这是某人第一次做某事。这是习惯表示方法。相当于It/That/This is/was the first time that sb. has/had done sth.
Next, the Chinese character⑧ Fu was attached⑨ upside down⑩to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. The character looked really cool [3].
The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces. Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. The fireworks were a lot of fun! We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
[汉语译文]
来自编辑的注释：春节是中国的重要传统节日，有着独特的意义。但是，不同的人，包括文化背景不同的人，可能对春节有不同的理解。这是我们杂志的三位读者的叙述，分享了他们关于春节的经历和看法。
汤姆·詹金斯，16岁，交换生，居住南京
这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。每个中国家庭都十分重视春节。准备工作从节前一周开始。首先，房子从上到下都打扫了一遍。我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。这个字看起来很酷。
最让人兴奋的是除夕夜。烟花在城市上空燃放，瞬间照亮了夜空。孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。烟花很有趣！然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。
flight/flaIt/n.航班
※book a flight预订航班
as early as possible
尽可能早地
take care in doing sth.＝take care to do sth.认真做某事
wine/waIn/n.葡萄酒
※a bottle of wine一瓶葡萄酒
get on上(车)
※get off下(车)
surround/s 'ra nd/vt.环绕，围绕
※be surrounded with/by
被……环绕，周围都是……
accent/' ks nt/n.口音
head home to one's family
回家；回家见家人
fill sb. in on告诉某人关于……的事情
go away to university
外出去上大学
be up to(口语)正在做，忙于
hotpot/'h tp t/n.火锅
tasty adj.美味可口的
talk of谈到，说到
firecracker/'faI kr k /n.鞭炮，爆竹
entire adj.全部的；整个的
※one's entire family某人的全家人
Xu Gang a 28 year old computer engineer working in Shanghai
I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible . I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents. This year, I bought a bottle of wine for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother.
Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accentsB21—I know that I am heading home to my familyB22. I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in onB23 what's been happening—who has got married [4] or had children or gone away to universityB24. It's great to hear what everyone's been up toB25.
[4]get married是“get＋过去分词”结构，强调动作，而be married更强调状态
We usually have hotpotB26—it's so tastyB27! However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is who we eat it with. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk ofB28 old times. When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackersB29, sweets and decorations. As I get older, coming home and being with my entireB30 family is the most important part of it.
徐刚，28岁，计算机工程师，在上海工作
我通常在春节前几周就开始计划回山西的行程，因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。我非常细心地为父母挑选礼物。今年，我给父亲买了一瓶葡萄酒，给母亲买了一件漂亮的毛衣。
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。我不能经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母就会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了。很高兴知道大家都在做什么。
我们通常会吃火锅，很好吃！但是，吃什么不重要，重要的是和谁一起吃。和我的家人一起回到过去，谈论过去是一件很美好的事。当我还是个孩子的时候，春节是爆竹、糖果和装饰品。随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。
retired/rI'taI d/adj.退休的
※a retired teacher退休教师
think about考虑，思考
buzz/b z/vi.闹哄哄，喧闹(～with)
※a classroom buzzing with activities闹哄哄的教室
run around东奔西跑；(特指孩子)到处玩耍游逛
gather around聚在……周围
on this occasion在这个时候
a sign of一个……的象征
in the coming year来年
joy/d I/n.欢欣，愉快，喜悦
※be filled with/full of joy充满欢乐
throughout/θru 'a t/prep.在整个期间，自始至终
※throughout history
纵观历史
original/ 'rId In l/adj.
原先的，最早的，最初的
custom/'k st m/n.风俗，习惯；传统
※original customs原始习俗
Li Yan a 70 year old grandmother from Heilongjiang
Spring Festival is family time for us. My husband and I are both retiredB31. We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot. Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming. Things start to get really busy.
We think aboutB32 what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.
Our house buzzesB33 with activities when everyone comes home. Our grandchildren run aroundB34 shouting and playing [5], and the adults gather aroundB35 the table to talk about the past year. Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special [6] on this occasionB36—they are a sign ofB37 our wishes for health and happiness in the coming yearB38. To me, this is Spring Festival— the joyB39 of a family gathering.
[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语，伴随run around而发生
[6]形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。又如：something interesting/important等
ThroughoutB40 history, some of the originalB41 customsB42 have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
李燕，70岁，一位奶奶，居住黑龙江
春节是我们的家庭时间。我和丈夫都退休了。我们不经常见到我们的孩子和孙子孙女，非常想念他们。春节前几周，我们开始为他们回家做准备。日子慢慢开始变得忙碌起来。我们琢磨孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。
当每个人都到家时，我们的房子充满各种活动和声响。我们的孙辈一边跑一边喊，一边玩，大人们围在桌子旁谈论过去的一年。厨房里也很有趣，因为正在包饺子。在这段时间里，我们通常吃饺子，因为它们在这个场合有一些特殊的含义——它们是我们期望来年健康和幸福的标志。对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。
纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了，但是春节的精神——家庭精神——在很大程度上得到了保留。全国各地的人们仍在践行着大部分重要的春节传统。
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)immediately adv.即刻，马上；接近，紧接，附近 conj.一……就)
(教材原句)What words immediately come to your mind for describing its meaning
你会立刻想到什么词来描述它的意思？
(1)act immediately 立即行动
leave immediately 马上离开
immediately after... 在……之后立即
immediately obvious 能轻易看见的；很容易理解的
(2)take immediate action 立刻采取行动
give/make an immediate reaction/response 给予/作出即时的反应
get/receive an immediate reaction/response 得到/收到即时的反应
hold an immediate meeting 举行紧急会议
in the immediate future 在最近的将来
an immediate cause 直接原因
She answered almost immediately.
她几乎立刻就回答了。
They moved in immediately before Christmas.
他们临近圣诞节搬进去了。
Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.
她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
I went home immediately I had finished work.
我一干完活就回家了。
We made an immediate response.我们立即作出反应。
She's out of immediate danger.她眼下已没有危险。
The director is standing on her immediate right.
主管就挨在她的右边站着。
He is my immediate superior(＝the person directly above me) in the company.他在公司里是我的顶头上司。
[联想]
(1)立刻，马上：at once, right now, right away
(2)“一……就”的其他表达法
as soon as...; directly.../instantly...；
the moment.../the instant.../the minute.../the second...
(3)immediate adj.立即的，立刻的；目前的，当前的，迫切的；接近的，附近的，紧接的；直系的，直接的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The plane began to turn to the left almost ________ (immediate) after takeoff.
②I'll call you ________ (immediate) I hear anything.
③The customer has only to bring the goods in to any branch and ________ immediate, no questions asked replacement will be provided.
④________ (immediate) he had finished tea, he rose without delay to go out.
⑤________ moment she saw him, she left the room with her face going red in a hurry.
完成句子
⑥It is hoped that ____________________ (立即行动) will be taken to deal with this pressing problem.
⑦If your letter doesn't require ________________________ (立即答复), it is often answered by a phone call or text later.
2)account n．描述，报道；账户，账号；账，账目 v．(～for)在数量、比例上占；是……的原因；解释，说明)
(教材原句)Read the three readers' accounts.
阅读三位读者的叙述。
(1)put sth. on sb.'s account 把……记在某人账上
give an account of 描述……
give a vivid account of 生动描述
on account of 因为，由于
on account 记账；以赊账的方式
on that account 由于那个原因
take account of/take...into account 考虑到，顾及
on no account 决不，绝对不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
an Internet/email account 互联网/电子邮件账户
do the accounts 记账
an account book 账本，账簿
open/close an account 开户/销户
a joint account 联合账户
give a detailed account 详细的描述
(2)account for 是……的原因；解释；(数量/比例上)占
She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
My father helped me set up a bank account.
我爸爸帮我开了个银行账户。
You can withdraw money from the account at any time.
你可以随时从这个账户中提款。
What's your account number, please？请问你的账号是什么？
I paid the cheque into my savings account.
我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。
The Chinese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue.
中国市场占该公司收入的35%。
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。
Oh well, that accounts for it(＝I understand now why it happened).
哎呀，原来是这么一回事。
How do you account for the show's success
你认为这次演出为何成功？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Several eyewitnesses' ________ (account) differed greatly from the official version of events.
②I've opened ________ account with a building society.
③It is said that body language accounts ________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
④________ no account can we tolerate violence against children.
⑤The president refused to deliver the speech himself, on account ________ a sore throat.
⑥I hope my teacher will take ________ account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marked my paper.
⑦One must take account ________ the audience when making speeches.
完成句子
⑧____________________ (我们绝不能) shut our eyes to the more and more serious environmental problems.
⑨The girl __________________________(准确描述了) what she had seen that day.
3)summarise vi. & vt.总结，概括(summarize))
(教材原句)Use a few words to summarise the meaning of Spring Festival for each account.
用几句话来总结每个叙述中春节的意义。
(1)summarise the main idea 总结大意
summarise the reason 总结原因
summarise the experience 总结经验
summarise main points 概括要点
to summarise 总结来说
(2)in summary 总的来说
a news summary 新闻综述
write a summary of the story 写故事概要
make a summary report 作简要报告
give a summary of 对……进行总结
I'll just summarise the main points of the argument in a few words.
我将用几句话概括一下这个论点的要点。
To summarise, we believe the company cannot continue.
总而言之，我们认为该公司不能继续下去。
In summary, this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
Can you give me a quick summary of your research
你能给我简要概括一下你的研究吗？
I made a summary report for the records.
对记录内容作了扼要报告。
[词语拓展] summary n．总结；概括；概要adj.总结性的，概括的，概要的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The results of the research ________ (summarise) at the end of the chapter.
②These results can ________(summarise) in the following table.
③________ summarise, there are three main categories.
④________ summary, this is a clever way of solving a common problem.
⑤At the end of the news, they often give you ________ summary of the main stories.
⑥He gave us a short summary ________ the meeting.
⑦________ (summarise), we have seen great changes happening to make students more active.
4)host n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办，主持；作为主人组织(聚会)，做东)
(教材原句)It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family.
这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。
(1)play host to 招待/接待(人)主办，(活动)
be host to sb. (作为主人)招待/款待某人
(2)host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会
host a dinner 设宴
host a show/programme 主持节目
host a meeting 主持会议
(3)an air hostess 空姐
a TV game show host 电视游戏节目主持人
the host nation for the next World Cup 下届世界杯的主办国
Apart from the host, I didn't know a single person there.
除了主人，那儿的人我一个也不认识。
I played host to my best friend, Li Ming last night.
昨天晚上我招待了最好的朋友李明。
Shanghai will play host to the next Tennis Masters Cup.
上海将举办下届网球大师杯赛。
The college is (playing) host to a group of visiting Russian scientists.
这所学院接待了一批来访的俄国科学家。
Which country is hosting the next Olympic Games
哪个国家将主办下届奥运会？
When choosing a person to host the show, there are certain things we need to consider.
在选择这个节目的主持人时，有一些情况我们需要考虑。
Mary has always been the perfect hostess on the TV station.
玛丽一直是这个电视台的完美女主持。
The hostess made her guests comfortable.
女主人使客人们感到舒适自在。
Now that she's an air hostess, foreign travel doesn't appeal to her.
她既然当了空姐，国外旅行对她就没有吸引力了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Japan is playing host ________ the next international meeting.
②I am lucky as I am one of the ________ (host).
③Last Sunday she ________ (host) a ball for 300 guests.
④One of the ________ (hostess) on tonight's show is Mary.
⑤You need a lot of knowledge to be ________ air hostess.
⑥All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still ________ (host) the biggest events in world sport.
完成句子
⑦Germany ________________________ (主办了世界杯决赛).
⑧The college is ________________________ (接待) a group of visiting Russian scientists.
⑨Zhangjiakou is one of the ________________________ (主办城市) for the 2022 Winter Olympics.
(5)sweep vt.扫，打扫；扫除；（迅猛地）推送，吹走，冲走，带走；猛烈吹过，席卷，横扫；掠过，扫视，搜索，轻轻掠过
(教材原句)My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
(1)sweep up/out 打扫；清扫/打扫干净
sweep away 扫除，清除；消灭，彻底消除，完全打消
sweep sb. up 一把抱起某人
sweep in 吹进，灌进
sweep across 席卷，横扫
sweep through 席卷；轻易通过
sweep over 涌上心头
sweep off 扫清；吹走
(2)sweep the country 席卷全国
sweep the floor/dust 清扫地板/扫去灰尘
a road/carpet sweeper 马路清洁工/地毯清洁器
The showroom has been emptied and swept clean.
陈列室已经清空并打扫干净了。
He swept the leaves up into a pile.他把树叶扫成一堆。
Mother told Tom to sweep away the fallen leaves in the yard.
妈妈要汤姆扫除庭院里的落叶。
We clean the house to sweep away bad luck.
我们打扫房间以清除掉坏运气。
The boat was swept out to sea.船只被吹到大海里去了。
Rain swept in through the broken windows.
雨水从破窗户灌进屋内。
A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.
昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。
His eyes swept around the room.他把房间扫视了一遍。
Searchlights swept the sky.探照灯在空中扫来扫去。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A sudden feeling of sadness swept ________ all of my anger.
②On Sunday morning after getting up, I helped my mother sweep ________ the house and wash clothes.
③The fallen leaves are being swept ________ by the old man.
④Without another word she ________ (sweep) out the room.
⑤He rushed to greet her, ________ (sweep) his arms wide.
⑥John is proud that his father is a ________ (sweep).
⑦She let herself ________ (sweep) along by the crowd.
完成句子
⑧Chinese people would ____________________ (打扫干净他们的房屋) before Spring Festival.
⑨Any doubts had long since ____________________ (已完全消除).
⑩Uncontrollable anger ____________________ (涌上心头) Jim when he learned how Mary had been treated.
6)character n．字，字体，符号；人物，角色；(人、集体的)品质，性格，(地方的)特点，特性；勇气，毅力)
(教材原句)Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。
(1)have a strong/weak character 个性强/不强
in character 符合……的个性；在性格方面
out of character 不符合……的个性
character building 性格塑造
shape one's character 塑造某人的性格
in character with 与……风格相同
(2)Chinese characters 汉字
the main/central/leading character 主角/中心人物/主要人物
a television/movie/cartoon character 电视剧/电影/卡通片人物
the American character 美国人的性格
a man of good character 品德高尚的人
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year
你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？
The film's central character is played by Collard himself.
这部影片的主角由科勒德亲自扮演。
Generosity is part of the Chinese character.
慷慨是中国人性格的一部分。
Everyone admires her strength of character and determination.
每一个人都钦佩她坚强的性格和决心。
Adventure camps are considered to be character building.
冒险野营生活被认为能磨练意志。
The athlete has shown great strength of character.
这位运动员表现得很有毅力。
Her behaviour last evening was completely out of character.
她昨晚的举止与她的个性完全不符。
[词语拓展] characteristic adj.独特的，显示……特性的n.特征；特点
[句式] be a characteristic of是……的特色
it is characteristic of sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的特征
[即学即练] 写出句中character的含义
①This is a shopping list written in Chinese characters.________
②She's a curious character—I don't really know what to think of her.________
③The book gives a fascinating insight into Mrs Blair's character.________
④Humour is part of the American character.________
⑤The whole character of the school has changed.________
单句语法填空
⑥The story is built around three main ________ (character).
⑦It's a play ________ a lot of characters.
⑧The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly ________ character.
⑨They get dead drunk and act greatly out ________ character, shouting and crying.
⑩The new wing of the museum was not really in character ________ the rest of the building.
完成句子
Jogging can not only build up your body but also ________________________ (塑造你的性格).
7)attach vt.贴；固定；附上；认为有重要性(或意义、价值等)，重视；和……在一起，缠着；与……有联系)
(教材原句)attach to使贴/系/粘在……；使相关；使牵连；依附
(1)attach...to... 把……固定在/附在/贴在……上
attach great importance/significance/weight to... 非常重视……
attach little/great value to... 认为……几乎没有/很有价值
(2)be attached to 喜欢/附属于……
a child's strong attachment to its parents 孩子对父母的强烈依恋
I attached a photo to my application form.
我在申请表上贴了一张照片。
I attach a copy of my notes for your information.
我附上一份笔记供你参考。
They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
We should attach great weight to children's mental health.
我们应该重视儿童心理健康。
I attach great importance to the research.
我认为这项研究十分重要。
The teacher attaches great value to students' creativity.
这位老师很重视学生的创造力。
[词语拓展] (1)attached adj.附着的；附属于；喜欢的，依恋的
The research unit is attached to the university.
这个研究单位附属于这所大学。
He is deeply attached to dancing.他深深迷恋着跳舞。
(2)attachment n．附件，附属品；依恋，爱慕
Father and child form a close attachment.父子情深。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Did you remember to attach a label ________ the present
②Whenever my parents talk with me, they always attach great importance ________ how necessary it is for us young people to rely on ourselves both in work and in life.
③She attaches great value to ______ (be) financially independent.
④I've never seen two people so ________ (attach) to each other.
⑤Please complete the ________ (attach) application form.
⑥My younger brother is studying in a high school ________ (attach) to Renmin University of China.
⑦Some people's ________ (attach) to their smartphones is becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.
完成句子
⑧They ____________________________ (依恋他们的家庭).
⑨The health of the elderly is a problem ____________________________ (我们应该重视的).
8)expectant adj.期待的，期望的 expectantly adv.期待地，期望地 expect vt.期待，期望，预料)
(1)an expectant crowd 满怀期待的人群
children with expectant faces 带着期盼神情的孩子们
expectant mothers/fathers 准妈妈/爸爸
children with expectant faces 带着期盼的神情的孩子们
(2)expect to do sth. 期望做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待/预料某人做某事
expect too much from sb. 对某人期望过高
be expected to 预计；理应，应当
live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望
beyond expectation 出乎意料
waiting expectantly 满怀期望地等待
as is expected 正如所预料的那样
It is expected that... 预计……
She turned to me with an expectant look on her face.
她转身望着我，脸上带着期待的表情。
We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.
我们一直盼望着他昨天到达。
We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.
我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。
You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
你不要指望在几个月内就学会一门外语。
We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
The event did not live up to expectations.
这项比赛有负众望。
Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.
遗憾的是新软件并不理想。
She looked at him expectantly.她满怀期望地看着他。
[拓展] expect vt.预料，预期；等待，期待，盼望；要求，期望，指望
expectation n．预料，预期，期待；希望，盼望；期望，指望
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ expectant mother is someone whose child has not yet been born.
②You arrived earlier than I ________ (expect).
③The scientists expect ________ (find) a chemical cure for lung cancer within five years.
④It ________ (expect) that former Foreign Minister Von Brentano will return to the Cabinet.
⑤Don't expect me ________ (come) and visit you there.
⑥I was expecting a present ________ her, so I was disappointed when I didn't receive one.
⑦It would not live up to his/her ________．
⑧The new president of the university is trying his best to live up ________ the expectations of the students.
⑨The others waited, looking at him ________ (expectant).
⑩In today's game the Chinese basketball team played ________ expectation.
9)scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐 n．恐慌，恐惧)
(教材原句)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。
(1)scare sb./sth. away (＝scare sb./sth. off) 把……吓跑
scare sb.
(2)(be)scared to death 吓得要死
be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared＋(that)宾语从句 害怕/担心……
a scared look 惊恐的表情
a scared child 受惊的孩子
(3)It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人感到害怕。
It scared me to think I was alone in the building.
想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。
His threats scared them out of carrying out the plan.
他的威胁迫使他们不敢实行该计划。
You gave me a scare！你吓了我一跳！
We've had quite a scare.我们吓得不轻。
The thieves got scared and ran away.小偷们害怕了，就跑了。
He's scared of heights.他有恐高症。
She is scared of going out alone.她害怕一个人外出。
People are scared to use the buses late at night.
人们不敢在深夜乘坐公共汽车。
I'm scared (that) I'm going to fall.我担心自己会掉下去。
I was scared to death (＝was very frightened).我吓得要死。
It was a really scary moment.那一刻真是吓人。
There's something very scary about him.
他身上有种非常吓人的东西。
[拓展] (1)scary adj.令人害怕的
(2)scared adj.害怕的
scary adj.(表示事物的本身特点)令人恐惧/害怕的
scared adj.(表示人的心理状态)感到害怕/惊恐的
如：scary film恐怖电影
a scared look惊恐的表情
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ugly scenes ________ (scare) the holiday crowds away.
②He was almost scared ________ death when the man in the armchair turned around.
③You can't scare me ________ telling you anything.
④When I was a little child, I was scared ________ being left alone at home.
⑤I'm scared ________ (look) down from the top of a building.
⑥I wanted to ask her out, but was ________ (scare) that she might refuse.
⑦Rising prices are scaring customers ________．
⑧Don't you realise what ________ scare you've given us all
⑨The elevator suddenly dropped, ________ (scare) the people in it.
⑩Day after day, you'll have new experiences which can be ________ (scare), but it can also be fun.
The child shouting in a ________ (scare) voice needed the comfort and security of a loving hand, or a hug, or a lap to sit on.
10)flight n．航班；空中航行，飞行，飞翔；逃跑，逃避；楼梯的一段)
(教材原句)．..as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.……因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。
a domestic/an international flight 国内/国际航班
a smooth/comfortable flight 平稳/舒适的空中航行
book/catch/miss a flight 预定航班/赶上飞机/误机
a long/short flight 长途/短途飞行
flight safety 飞行安全
a bird in flight 飞行中的鸟
take flight 逃走
a flight of stairs/steps 一段楼梯/台阶
We've booked on the same flight.我们订了同一班机的机票。
Flight is natural to birds.飞翔是鸟类的天性。
When the alarm sounded, the robbers took flight in a hurry.
警报声响起时，劫匪匆忙逃跑了。
She fell down a flight of stairs/steps and hurt her back.
她从一段楼梯上跌了下来，摔伤了后背。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All ________ (flight) to New York today are delayed because of bad weather.
②You may be physically and mentally tired after a long ________ (fly).
③Owing to situations beyond our control, the flight ________ Rome has been called off.
④The two men met with each other ________ a flight from Hefei to Quanzhou.
⑤His flight to Zhengzhou connects with ________ afternoon flight to Hefei.
⑥Its real purpose is the launching and recovering of small aeroplanes ________ flight.
⑦We walked in silence up ________ flight of stairs and down a long corridor.
11)surround vt.环绕，围绕)
(1)surround...with... 用……包围……
surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍
be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕
(2)the surrounding area 周围地区
the surrounding scenery 周围的环境
work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作
get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境
live in comfortable surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中
Tall trees surround the lake.大树环绕着湖。
Armed police surrounded a house in the street.
全副武装的警察包围了这条街上的一栋房子。
The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖边树木环绕。
As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年时我备受关爱。
David likes to surround himself with young people.
戴维喜欢与年轻人为伍。
[易混比较] surroundings与environment
·surroundings专指自然环境，侧重于周围的事物。
·environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，侧重于环境对人的感受、道德观念产生的影响。
These children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment．这些孩子成长的地方很美，但是缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Gwen sat at her desk, ________ (surround) by books and papers.
②________ (surround) yourself with encouraging individuals who challenge you to be better.
③The house ________ (surround) by trees, so it doesn't stand out at all.
④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come in from the ________ (surround) countryside.
⑤The boy adapted with ease to his new ________ (surround).
⑥________ (surround) by the policemen, the thief couldn't escape being caught.
12)accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调 vt.着重，强调，突出)
a northern/Dublin/Scottish accent 北方/都柏林/苏格兰口音
a strong/broad accent 浓重的口音
with/without an accent 带有/不带口音
get rid of an accent 改掉口音
put the accent on 在……标上重音；强调，重视
accent the second syllable 重读第二个音节
She spoke English with an accent.她说英语带有口音。
She spoke with an Irish accent.她说话带有爱尔兰口音。
He flattered himself that he spoke French with a perfect accent.他自以为他说法语的腔调很完美。
In “today” the accent is on the second syllable.
“today”一词的重音在第二个音节上。
The accent falls on the third syllable.重音落在第三个音节上。
The government put the accent on light industry.
政府注重轻工业。
Please accent the first syllable.请重读第一个音节。
The women accent their eyes with make up.
女性用化妆品来突出眼部。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She had never heard ________ accent like his.
②She spoke ________ a strong Australian accent.
③She speaks Chinese ________ an accent and is often mistaken for a Chinese.
④He is putting the accent ________ keeping calm in case of fire.
完成句子
⑤Few of us speak English ________________ (不带口音), and few of the foreign listeners will laugh at your accent.
⑥The best way to quickly ________________ (去掉你的口音) is to expose yourself to as much English media as possible.
13)retired adj.退休的 retire v．(使)退休 retirement n．退休，退休生活，退职，退出，引退)
(教材原句)My husband and I are both retired.我和丈夫都退休了。
retire from/as 从……退休/作为……退休
a retired doctor 退休医生
after retirement 退休后
a retirement pension 退休金
The organisation is headed by a retired police officer.
该组织由一位退休警官领导。
We called on an old worker just retired.
我们拜访了一位刚刚退休的老工人。
She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
她由于身体不好而被迫早早地从教学岗位上退休。
He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.
他还不打算从杂志编辑的位子上退休。
She took to painting after retirement.她退休后爱上绘画。
At 60, he was now approaching retirement.
他60岁了，就要退休了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His ________ (retire) parents would certainly have had less economic security back then.
②He'll get ￡50，000 from the company when he ________ (retire), which is a tidy sum.
③The magazine suggested incorrectly that he was planning ________ (retire).
④Since retiring ________ the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity.
⑤The idea of having to sell their home and move into a ________ (retire) home was an extremely painful experience for them.
⑥He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.
14)joy n．[U]欢欣，愉快，喜悦；[C]令人高兴的人(或事)；乐事；乐趣 joyful adj.欢喜的；令人高兴的 joyfully adv.高兴地，喜悦地)
(教材原句)To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering.对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。
(1)to one's joy 令某人高兴的是
jump for joy 高兴得跳起来
our joy and sadness 我们的欢乐和悲伤
be filled with joy＝be full of joy 充满欢乐
bring joy to sb. 给某人带来快乐
(2)a joyful meeting 令人高兴的见面
greet him joyfully 快乐地跟他打招呼
To his great joy, she accepted.使他感到非常高兴的是她接受了。
She's a joy to work with.和她一起工作很愉快。
The game was a joy to watch.这比赛观看起来真开心。
The meeting between the two families was a joyful one.
这两家人的聚会十分愉快。
They began to work harder than ever and more joyfully.
他们开始比以前更努力、更快乐地工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ her great joy, her son had been found alive and well.
②We all jump ________ joy after knowing that our class won the singing competition.
③Spending evenings outside is one of the ________ (joy) of summer.
④Christmas is such a ________ (joy) time of year.
⑤She passed the finishing line ________ (joy).
完成句子
⑥Since this was my first time to take the plane, I ________________ (满心欢喜).
⑦Hearing the news that was brought by him, they all ________________ (高兴地跳了起来).
15)throughout prep.在整个期间，自始至终(＝all through)；各处，遍及(＝all over) adv.自始至终；各处，遍及)
(教材原句)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed.纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了……
throughout one's life＝all through one's life 在某人的一生中
throughout the year＝all through the year 全年
throughout the day/night＝all through the day/night 整个白天/夜晚
throughout the country＝all over the country 全国
throughout the world＝all over the world 全世界
The museum is open daily throughout the year.
这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
They export their products to markets throughout the world.
他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场。
The floods caused great damage throughout the area.
洪水给整个地区造成了巨大破坏。
The house was painted white throughout.
这所房子全都粉刷成了白色。
The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout.
仪式进行了两个小时，我们自始至终都得站着。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was faithful to his wife ________ their 30 year marriage.
②All ________ his years in prison, he fought to clear his name.
③The news soon found its way ________ the country.
④The war is a focus all ________ the world.
完成句子
⑤Just keep music ______________ (一直播放下去).
⑥She's been leading ________________ (赛跑中), but it now looks as if she's tired.
⑦The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued ________________ (1990年全年).
16)custom n．习俗，习惯；传统，习性，惯常行为；光顾 customer n．顾客，主顾 customs n．海关)
a local custom 当地的风俗
an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗
break a custom 打破风俗习惯
follow/observe a custom 遵守一种风俗
respect a custom 尊重风俗
become a custom/habit 成为一种习惯
the custom of giving presents 赠送礼物的习俗
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
Different ethnic groups have different cultures and customs.
不同的种族拥有不同的文化和习俗。
They have the custom of playing cards on card tables in the middle of the street.
他们有在街中央围着牌桌打扑克的习惯。
It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
谨慎地处理每个问题是他的习惯。
Customs officers turned the man over to the police.
海关官员把那个男子移交给警方看管。
It took us ages to get through customs when we got back from Italy.
我们从意大利回来时花了很长时间办理海关手续。
[比较] custom/habit/practice
·custom指在一个社会(集体)中公认的行为方式和习俗。
·habit侧重于个人养成的习惯，强调习惯成自然，常常是不自觉的，不易破除的意味。
·practice指个人或社会的“惯常做法，惯例或习惯性的工作方式”。
如：Modern practice in dentistry favours less use of anaesthetics.
现代牙医的惯常做法是少用麻醉剂。
It is his practice to furnish references to all the quotations.
他的一贯做法是在每句引文后注明出处。
It is hard to form a good habit.养成好习惯不容易。
[说明] custom的复数形式还可以表示“海关；关税”：
customs officers海关官员
customs duty/duties进口税
pay customs on sth.为某物缴纳关税
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's ________ custom which is beginning to die out.
②It's ________ old custom to set off fireworks during Spring Festival.
③In Japan ________ is the custom to take off your shoes when you enter a house.
④She's studying the language and ________ (custom) of the Hopi Indians.
⑤I paid 40 dollars in customs ________ the Swiss watch.
⑥You don't have to pay ________ (custom) on any alcohol or tobacco brought for your own use in another EU country.
选词填空：custom/habit/practice
⑦The married women of that place maintained the ________ of blackening their teeth.
⑧It is common ________ in the US to tip the waiter.
⑨It's not a good ________ to stay up late and get up late, which is of no benefit to our health.
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)put up张贴，公布；举起，抬起；提升，提高，增加；建造，搭建，竖立；留宿，住宿；推荐，提名)
(教材原句)to put up decorations张贴装饰品
(1)put up a building/tent 盖楼房/搭帐篷
put up one's hand 举手
put up the rent 提高租金
put up a notice 贴出通知
put up a flag 升旗
put up an argument/a proposal 提出论据/建议
put up at a hotel 在旅馆住宿
(2)put aside 忽视，不理睬；储存，保留
put away 将……收起；积蓄，攒钱
put back 将……放回；推迟，延迟；向后拨
put down 放下；记下；镇压
put forward 推荐，举荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)；提出，提议
put off 推迟，延迟
put on 穿上，戴上；增加体重；举办，上演，展出
put out 扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造；出版，广播，公布
put out a candle/cigarette/light 熄灭蜡烛/香烟/灯火
put up with 忍受，容忍(tolerate)
They're putting new street signs up.他们正张贴新的路标。
She's put her hair up.她把头发挽在头上。
Put up your hands if you have any questions.若有问题请举手。
They've put up the rent by ￡20 a month.
他们把每月的租金提高了20英镑。
Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.
他们的朋友们建议他们提高价格。
They've put up a lot of high rise buildings recently.
最近他们盖起了很多高楼大厦。
He's useless at DIY. He won't even put up a shelf.
他的动手能力很差，甚至连搭个架子都不会。
We can put you up for the night.今晚我们可以留你过夜。
We put up at a motel.我们住在一家汽车旅馆。
The Party hopes to put up more candidates in the next election.
党派希望在下届大选中推出更多的候选人。
Your suggestion is to be put up at the next meeting of the board.
你的建议将在下次董事会上提出。
[注意] put up中的up是副词，人称代词作宾语时要放在put与up中间。put it up (√) put up it (×)
[即学即练] 写出句中put up的含义
①They are putting up several new office blocks in the centre of the town.________
②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.________
③He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.________
④If you have any questions, you can put up your hands and turn to your teacher.________
⑤She is putting herself up for the election to the committee.________
单句语法填空
⑥The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put ________ the fire.
⑦I was hoping Kenny could put me ________ for a few days.
⑧I put ________ half an hour every day to write my diary.
⑨The meeting has been put ________ to next week.
⑩The meeting's on the 22nd. Put it ________ in your diary.
Can I put you/your name ________ for club secretary
We've put the wedding ________ by one week.
We've had to put ________ our wedding until September.
She looks like she's put ________ weight.
I'm not going to put up ________ their smoking any longer.
2)let off使某物爆炸，放炮；排放；饶恕，放过(with)；免除)
(教材原句)to let off fireworks燃放烟花
(1)let sb. off sth. 允许某人不做某事/不去某地
let sb. off (with sth.) 不惩罚，宽恕，从轻处罚
let sb. off lightly 对某人从轻处罚
let sb. off with a warning 某人未被处罚，仅仅受警告
let us off homework 允许我们不做家庭作业
(2)let alone 更不用说，更何况
let...go/let go of... 放开，松手；释放
let down 使失望；放下，降低，降下
let...in 让……进来；放进
let in the fresh air 让新鲜空气进来
let...out 发出(叫声等)；泄露，释放
let sb. alone/be 不打扰某人，不要管某人
A resident let off fireworks to celebrate the revolution.
一个居民燃放了烟花来庆祝革命。
Many other human activities also let off carbon gases.
许多其他的人类活动也排放含碳气体。
They let us off lightly.他们对我们从轻发落了。
She was let off with a warning.
她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。
He let us off homework today.
他今天免了我们的家庭作业。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The teacher forbade the pupils to let ________ fireworks in school.
②Instead of a prison sentence, they ________ (let) off with a fine.
③It is unlikely that the 12 year old managed to even reach the pedals, let ________ drive the car.
④When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go ________ your hate.
⑤I'm sure she won't let us ________ in the next exam.
⑥I opened our bedroom windows to let ________ the wind.
⑦It remains unknown who let ________ the secret.
3)upside down倒置地，颠倒地→inside out里面朝外)
turn sth. upside down 把……翻得乱七八糟，使凌乱不堪；给(某人生活)造成大的变化(或混乱)
up and down 上下波动，来来回回
hang sth. upside down 把……挂颠倒了
take sth. upside down 把……拿颠倒了
put sth. upside down 把某物放倒
Turn the bottle upside down and you'll see the change inside.
把瓶子倒过来，你会看到里面的变化。
His sudden death turned her world upside down.
他的突然离世使她的生活完全乱套了。
He put on his coat in a hurry, as a result, inside out.
他急急忙忙穿上上衣，结果里面朝外了。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①学生们把椅子倒放在书桌上。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②把罐子倒过来摇一摇。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③这幅画挂颠倒了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句。)
(教材原句)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。
It is recorded/supposed that... 据记载/据推测……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is suggested/advised that... 有人建议……
It is ordered/commanded that... 命令……
It is required/demanded/requested that... 要求/请求……
It is said/reported/announced that... 据说/据报道/据宣布……
It is thought/considered/believed/agreed/argued/hoped that... 人们认为/人们相信/人们主张/人们希望……
It is said that the world would run out of fresh water in 2050.
据说到2050年世界上的淡水将会耗尽。
It is argued that husbands and wives are responsible for housework.
有人认为丈夫和妻子都应该负责做家务。
It is announced that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday.
据宣布，运动会将在下周二举行。
It is recorded that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area.据记载，这个地区以前发生过多次地震。
It is ordered that the patient (should) be operated on immediately.
得到指示，那个病人得立即做手术。
It is required that every student (should) wear a school uniform today.今天，所有学生都被要求穿校服。
[学法点拨]
(1)在该句型中， it是形式主语， that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。如果主句谓语是表示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”等动词，主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。
It is requested that all the members (should) be present at the meeting tomorrow.要求所有成员都参加明天的会议。
(2)“It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”可以转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式．”或“People＋动词＋that...”。
一句多译：据说他们赢得了比赛。
It is said that they have won the game.
＝They are said to have won the game.
＝People say that they have won the game.
[比较] “It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”与as引导的定语从句的区别
It is reported that the famous photographer founded a new studio.
据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(It是形式主语， that...studio是主语从句，是真正的主语)
As is reported, the famous photographer founded a new studio.
据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(As是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is considered that the responsibility for learning lies on the students rather than teachers.
②It is said ________ the world's whole population will grow from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 11 billion.
③It ________ (believe) that the part diet plays in our good health is very important.
④It is required that every passenger ________ (carry) their ID card when entering the station.
⑤________ was announced at the end of the meeting, an agreement had been reached.
⑥________ was announced that at the end of the meeting an agreement had been reached.
⑦It is reported that a space station ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
⑧A space station is reported ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.
⑨________ is said that the exhibition will last for a month in the school hall.
⑩It is suggested/advised that sunscreen ________ be applied every one to two hours in a sunny day.
完成句子
________________ (众所周知) adolescents often select peers who take part in behaviours similar to their own.
________________________ (众所周知), the earth moves around the sun.
He ____________________________________ (据说被一所著名大学录取了), for which he has worked hard for three years.
2)with复合结构)
(教材原句)Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。
句式分析
(1)构成：with＋宾语＋宾补 宾补可以是现在分词(表主动或进行)、过去分词(表被动或完成)、不定式(表尚未发生)，也可以是形容词、副词、介词短语等。否定形式用“without＋宾语＋宾补”。
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补)
He left the room with the light on.
他亮着灯离开了房间。(副词作宾补)
Without anyone noticing, he slipped out from the back door.
没人注意，他从后门溜走了。(现在分词作宾补)
Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms
你认识那个抱着婴儿的妇女吗？(介词短语作宾补)
He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceiling.
他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。(过去分词短语作宾补)
(2)用法：with复合结构在句中多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件，也可以作定语。
With the meal over, we all went home.
吃完饭，我们都回家了。(时间状语)
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。(伴随状语)
He could not finish it without me to help him.
我若不帮他，他不可能完成。(条件状语)
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.橱柜里什么也没剩下，她就出去找点吃的。(原因状语)
I like eating the mooncakes with eggs in them.
我喜欢吃里面有鸡蛋的月饼。(定语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them.
②The boy lay on the ground, his eyes closed and his hands ________ (tremble).
③With our problem ________ (settle), he wasn't allowed to go out.
④He was lying on the grass, his hands ________ (cross) under his head.
⑤An important lecture ________ (give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
⑥She looked back at him ________ fire in her eyes (眼中充满怒火).
⑦John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
⑧In the reading room, we found her seated at a desk, her attention ________ (fix) on a book.
⑨With so much work ________ (do), the boys were not allowed to go home.
⑩With my son ________ (do) his homework, my wife didn't permit me to turn on the TV.
3)“the＋时间名词”引导状语从句)
(教材原句)Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围……
句式分析
(1)the moment, the minute, the instant, the second引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。
She burst into tears the moment she got the sad news.
一听到这伤心的消息，她就哭了起来。
The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
铃声一响，学生都跑出了教室。
(2)the day, the morning, the afternoon, the evening, the night, the week, the month, the season, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter, the year引导状语从句。
The week I was in hospital, she attended me at the bedside day and night.我住院的一周里，她夜以继日在我床头边照顾我。
(3)“the＋序数词＋time”， (the) next/last time
He was writing a book the first time I saw him.
我第一次看见他时，他在写一本书。
(The) Next time you come, be sure to take your little daughter with you.下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿一起。
(4)其他名词词组：each time, every time, any time
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
每次坐船，我都晕船。
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The machine will start ________ moment you press this button.
②________ instant I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me.
③________ second I opened the window I saw a beautiful bird.
④His father died ________ winter he went abroad.
⑤Several traffic accidents took place on the highway ________ morning it snowed heavily.
⑥________ day he returned home, his father was already dead.
⑦________ month I went to Henan, Li Ming helped me look after my house.
⑧A strange feeling came on Shelton ________ first time he saw them sitting there at lunch.
⑨________ second time I talk to him, he admitted that he had made a big mistake.
⑩I'll give him a black eye ________ next time he offends you.
4)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语)
(教材原句)We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。
句式分析 句中wishing everyone a happy new year是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
Arriving at the cinema, he found the film had been over.他到达电影院时，发现电影已经结束。(时间状语)
Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。(原因状语)
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩什么有用的东西。(一般式的结果)
Working hard as he used to, he still couldn't succeed.
尽管如过去一样努力工作，他仍未成功。(让步状语)
[比较] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语/不定式(短语)作结果状语
现在分词(短语)一般不作目的状语，但可作结果状语，往往表示自然而然的结果，而不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的、不好的结果。
The fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable．大火持续将近两天，没剩下什么值钱的东西。(现在分词短语作状语，表示大火造成的自然而然的结果)
He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑去车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。(不定式短语作状语，表示发现火车开走了是出乎意料的结果)
[知识拓展] 现在分词(短语)可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随状语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To show this, she held up one chopstick, ________ (represent) one person.
②He hurried to the railway station, only ________ (find) the train had gone. He didn't know how to deal with it.
③If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, ________ (allow) even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
完成句子
④The boys and girls walked toward school, ________________ (又唱又笑).
⑤________________ (如果好好表现), you shall get a nice award.
5)动名词(短语)作句子主语)
(教材原句)As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it.随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。
句式分析 虽然是两个动名词短语并列作句子主语，但是它们指同一个概念(回家和全家人待在一起)，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)
结论：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。
动名词(短语)作主语与不定式(短语)在句中作主语的比较：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，表示多次的、经常性的行为；不定式(短语)在句中作主语，表示具体的或某一次的动作。
下列句型中常用动名词(短语)作主语：
(1)It is/was no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没有意义。
(2)It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
下列句型中常用不定式(短语)作主语：
(1)It is important/necessary/easy/hard/difficult/challenging/possible/a pity/a shame to do sth.做某事很重要/必要/容易/困难/困难/有挑战性/有可能/遗憾/令人羞愧。
(2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apparently, blindly ________ (follow) others' advice will affect our own judgment.
②Turning one's life into a waiting game ________ (require) faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us.
③I know it is important ________ (know) my own limitations, but it is challenging ________ (help) others to know their own limitations.
(6)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(教材原句)The Lantern Show exhibits over 60 series of lanterns, among which 12 are ice lanterns.灯会展出了60多个系列的灯，其中12个系列是冰灯。
[说明]
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不可用that或who。即
介词＋关系代词
(2)关系副词等于相应的“介词＋关系代词”，如：
The date he joined the army was October 12, 2018.
他参军的日子是2018年10月12日。
This is the campus we are studying.
这就是我们求学的校园。
The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad．
该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句， whom指代的是about 100 students)
There used to be a time at which/during which (when) the Chinese people struggled for freedom.
中国人曾经有一段为自由而斗争的日子。(时间状语)
In 2006, we moved to Boston, in which (where) my grand parents live.
2006年，我们才搬到了波士顿，我爷爷、奶奶就住在这里。(作地点状语)
There's no reason for which (why) we shouldn't be friends.
我们没有理由不成为朋友。(原因状语)
There are varieties of ways in which (that) we can solve the problem.我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。(方式状语),[温馨提示] 介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I bought a great many books, ________ I spent all money that I saved.
②The colourless gas ________ we cannot live is called oxygen.
③They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish.
④Some experts think reading is the typical fundamental skill ________ which school education depends.
⑤Many young people, most ________ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⑥Here are the questions, ________ (＝________) I thought difficult for you.
⑦Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, ________ (＝________) came from the USA.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Which of the following can best ________ (概括) the main idea of the announcement
2．Jane is fed up with ________ (清扫) up the bits of paper and broken glass.
3．We should take ________ (考虑) of the requests of our audience.
4．Hiking by oneself is a sort of sport that is good for ________ (性格) building.
5．They now live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers ________ (围绕) it, which helps them recover.
6．Some people think a good ________ (惊吓) is a cure for hiccups (打嗝).
Ⅱ.短语填空
the first time, sweep up, attach...to, put up, surround...by..., let off, scare sb. away/off
1．This autumn, he goes to his grandparents' house from time to time to ____________ the fallen leaves in the courtyard.
2．In addition, we ____________ humorous acts ____________ our performances and received positive response.
3．____________ thick bamboo, the ancient apartment hadn't been discovered until the 1960s.
4．____________ I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion and contribution to the research.
5．A week before Earth Day, posters ____________ around our school, attracting our attention to joining in the actions for a greener earth.
6．A bomb was ____________ in an underground train in London yesterday.
7．The city's high murder rate has ____________ possible tourists.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．________ he was absent from the party disappointed me.
2．________ the first time, I could see softness as well as warmth in his eyes.
3．It's no use ________ (pretend) you are professional.
4．________ is known to us students, the store features round the clock service.
5．“It was ________ (scare). I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.
6．Why do the hikers take no notice of the ________ (surrounding) during the journey
7．A ________ (retire) engineer, 76 year old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
8．Popularization has in some cases changed the ________ (origin) meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
9．I understood ________ (immediate) what my parents were worried about.
10．We will put ________ the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
11．...this book also gives ________ account of the lives of lesser known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我们倾向于挂上气球来装饰房间。(tend to，put up，decorate)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．玛丽每次提起电视，她都说它是娱乐的源泉。(every time，entertainment)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．如果出现任何问题，请不要害怕。(arise，be scared about)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．那是我第一次网上冲浪。(It was the first time that, surf the Internet)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(共69张PPT)
Section C Lesson 2 Special Occasions
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 牛仔裤
2．____________ n. 啤酒
3．____________ n. 录音室
4．____________ n. 努力；力气
5．____________ vt. 提供，给予，表示
(歌谣) 小小peer （伙伴）喜欢beer （啤酒），长大成为engineer （工程师），主动当了volunteer （志愿者），最终成为pioneer （创始人）。
jeans
beer
studio
effort
extend
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．appropriate adj.合适的→____________ adv.合适地，适当地
2．greet vt.问候，欢迎；打招呼→________ n．问候；招呼；致意
3．represent vt.代表→____________ n．代表 adj.有代表性的
4．fortunate adj.幸运的→___________ adv.幸运地→___________ adj.不幸的→___________ adv.不幸地
5．teenage adj.青少年的→________ n．青少年，十几岁的孩子
6．specific adj.具体的，特定的→________ adv.具体地
7．suit n．套装 v．适合→________ adj.合适的，适合的
8．neat adj.整洁的→________ adv.整洁地，利索地
9．effort n．努力，力气→________ adj.不需费力的→________ adv.不费力地
appropriately
greeting
representative
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
teenager
specifically
suitable
neatly
effortless
effortlessly
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．be invited to a wedding ________________
2．take...into consideration ________________
3．for formal parties ________________
4．dress smartly ________________
5．make sure ________________
6．give an English speech ________________
7．graduation ceremony ________________
8．look ahead to ________________
被邀请参加婚礼
考虑到……
对于正式聚会
穿着讲究
确保
作英语演讲
毕业典礼
向前看；展望未来
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．______________________________ 注意具体的信息
2．______________________________ 努力做某事
3．______________________________ 据我所知
4．______________________________ 就我而言
5．______________________________ 普遍地；总体上
pay attention to the specific information
make an effort to do sth.
as far as I know
as far as I'm concerned
in general
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)greet vt.问候，欢迎，打招呼；对……作出反应；映入……的眼帘，传入……的耳中(或鼻中) greeting n．问候，招呼；迎接，致意，祝辞)
(教材原句)Greet and thank the host when you arrive.
当你到达时，问候并感谢主人。
(1)greet sb. with... 以……方式和某人打招呼
greet sb. warmly 热情地跟某人打招呼
be greeted with/by 受到……的迎接；……映入眼帘/传入耳中；被报以……的反应
greet each other 互相问候
greet guests 迎接客人
greet sb. at the airport 在机场迎接某人
be greeted as a hero 被当作英雄欢迎
greet sb. with a nod 向某人点头致意
(2)offer/send (one's) greetings to sb. (代某人)向某人问好
Christmas/birthday greetings 圣诞/生日祝辞
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情接待。
She greeted us with a smile.她微笑着向我们打招呼。
The team's win was greeted as a major triumph.
这个队获胜被看成是一个重大的胜利。
Loud cheers greeted the news.这消息受到热烈欢呼。
When she opened the door, she was greeted by a scene of chaos.
她打开门，一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
She waved a friendly greeting.她友好地挥手致意。
He raised his hand in greeting.他举手致意。
My mother sends her greetings to you.我母亲向你问好。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They bowed to their mother as they ________ (greet) her.
②Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me ________ a sweet smile.
③“Hi” is an informal way of ________ (greet) people.
④I woke up and ___________ (greet) by bird song.
⑤On the stage, the famous singer always ________ (greet) the audience with her usual smile.
⑥His speech impressed everybody in the hall and was greeted ________ a roar of applause.
⑦I wish to take this opportunity to extend to you sincere ________ (greet) and best wishes of the Chinese Government and people!
⑧He sent his greetings ________ you in the letter.
greeted
with
greeting
was greeted
greets
by
greetings
to
2)teenager n．青少年，十几岁的孩子 teenage adj.青少年的 teen n．13～19岁的青少年；青少年时期)
(教材原句)For teenagers: 对青少年：
a magazine aimed at teenagers 以青少年为对象的杂志
a present for a teenager 送给十几岁孩子的礼物
in one's teens 在某人十几岁时
a new teen centre 一个新的青少年中心
The magazine is aimed at teenagers and young adults.
这本杂志的目标读者是青少年和年轻人。
My teenage daughter wants to become a doctor.
我十几岁的女儿想当医生。
The teen had a fascination with music.
这名青少年对音乐着迷。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Then a rail thin ________ (teenage), in a baggy (宽大的) white T shirt, skidded up to the beam.
②He found it very hard teaching a class full of naughty ___________ (teenager).
③His father was a truck driver and his mother died of cancer when he was ________ his teens.
④Being 12 years old, I could never imagine someone in ________ (they) teens playing in the NBA, much less on the Lakers！
teenager
teenagers
in
their
3)appropriately adv.合适地，适当地)
(教材原句)My advice is to dress appropriately.我的建议是穿着得体。
(1)dress appropriately 适当地打扮，穿着得体
act/behave appropriately 举止得体
be appropriately dressed for... 穿着得体参加……
(2)be appropriate for/to 适合于……
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that sb. (should) do... 某人做……是合适的。(说明：虚拟语气：should＋动词原形， should可以省略)
(3)an appropriate response/measure/method/action 恰如其分的回答/适当的措施/合适的方法/适当的行动
take appropriate action to do sth. 采取恰当的行动做某事
She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.
她认为我们穿得不适合参加婚礼。
Behave appropriately and ask intelligent questions.
举止要得体，提问要机智。
Is now an appropriate time to make a speech
现在发表演讲是不是时候？
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
It is not appropriate for you to let off fireworks in such a late hour.
你这么晚放烟花是不合适的。
It is appropriate that you (should) adopt his suggestion.
你采纳他的建议是恰当的。
[拓展] appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Both teachers and students responded calmly and _____________ (appropriate) to the fire alarms.
②Parents want to find an education system which is more appropriate ________ the needs of the students.
③It is appropriate that you ____________ (draw) a conclusion with enough evidence.
appropriately
for/to
(should) draw
④As far as I know, ____ is not appropriate for you to ask such personal questions in an interview.
⑤It seemed somehow appropriate ______ we should begin our journey here.
完成句子
⑥Now that the problem has been identified, ________________ (适当的行动) can be taken.
it
that
appropriate action
4)specific adj.具体的，特定的，特有的，明确的，详细的)
(教材原句)Some parties are held for a specific formal purpose...有些聚会是为了特定的正式目的而举行的……
(1)be specific to 是……所特有的
to be specific 具体来说
a specific goal 一个具体的目标
a specific plan 一个具体的计划
a specific answer 一个明确的回答
a specific age group 特定年龄段
(2)be specifically designed for children 专门为孩子们设计的
more specifically 更确切地说
I gave you specific instructions.
我给过你明确的指示。
“I'd like your help tomorrow.”“Can you be more specific？”
“我想让你明天来帮帮我。”“你能不能说得具体些？”
The money was collected for a specific purpose.
这笔钱是为了一个特定用途而筹集的。
It's a way of living specific to America.
这是美国特有的生活方式。
We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.
除特定区域外，我们禁止吸烟。
I specifically told you not to go near the water!
我明确告诉过你不要靠近水边！
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
很明显，目光接触应该根据两个人之间的关系和具体情况来进行。
She is a special friend of mine.
她是我的一个特别的朋友。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The disease seems to be specific ________ certain types of plant.
②________ (be) specific, the train leaves at eight past fifteen.
③These jeans were designed __________ (specific) for women.
完成句子
④In this article, you need to back up general statements with ______________ (具体的例子).
⑤The newspaper, or ________________ (更确切地说), the editor, was taken to court for publishing the photographs.
⑥The children's television programme is aimed at ________________ (特定年龄段).
to
To be
specifically
specific examples
more specifically
a specific age group
5)suit n．套装，西装 vt.对(某人)方便，满足(某人)需要，合(某人)心意；相配，合身)
(教材原句)Wear a neat black suit and a tie, for example.
例如，穿一件整洁的黑西装，打一条领带。
(1)a suit of clothes 一套衣服
a diving/protective suit 潜水服/防护服
follow suit 跟着做；仿效
a business suit 商务套装
(2)suit one's needs 满足某人的需要(suit侧重于符合某人的口味，或服装颜色、款式等的相配或适合)
suit all tastes 满足各种口味
suit sb. fine/well 非常适合某人
suit sb. perfectly 完全适合某人
(3)be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
a suitable place for a picnic 适合野餐的地方
He wore an overcoat over his suit.
他在西服外加了一件大衣。
Could you pick up my suit from the cleaner's for me, please
你能帮我从洗衣店取我的西装吗？
Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.
选一台适合你个人需要的电脑。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车走，我也没问题。
It suits me to start work at a later time.
对我来说，最好晚一点再开始工作。
Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.
你适合穿蓝色。你该多穿蓝色衣服。
Try out various rackets to find out which one suits you best.
试试各种球拍，看看哪只最适合你。
This programme is not suitable for children.
这个节目儿童不宜。
I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
[拓展] suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
[一言助记] The dress fits you well, but its colour doesn't suit you, and you should wear the one that matches your shoes very well.
这件衣服大小很适合你，但是它的颜色不适合你，你应该穿和你的鞋子很相配的那件。
[比较] suit/fit/match
·suit多指符合需要、品味、条件、地位等，或衣服的款式、颜色适合；
·fit多指尺寸、大小、形状等合适；
·match多指两者从整体上搭配协调。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I saw this nice looking man in ________ grey suit.
②Would now be a ________ (suit) moment to discuss my report
③Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
④When we accept progress and adapt it ________ (suit) our needs, a new “past” is created.
⑤It is almost impossible to find a time that ________ (suit) everyone.
⑥The colour of this pair of shoes suits me very well, but its size ________ (fit) my younger brother.
⑦Her hat really _______ (match) her dress; they look very well together.
a
suitable
for
to suit
suits
fits
matches
完成句子
⑧On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to ________________ (仿效).
⑨This restaurant has become popular for its wide range of foods that ________________ (满足各种口味).
follow suit
suit all tastes
6)neat adj.整洁的，整齐的；爱整洁的 neatness n．整洁 neatly adv.整洁地，整齐地)
keep neat 保持整洁
look neat 看起来整齐
neat in 在……方面整洁
neat and tidy 干净整齐
a neat answer 简洁的回答
a neat desk 整洁的课桌
a neat piece of work 精巧的作品
neat rows of books 一排排整齐的书
neatly folded clothes 叠着整整齐齐的衣服
neat handwriting 工整的笔迹
write neatly 整齐地写
fold clothes neatly 把衣服整齐地叠起来
They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen.
他们坐在她那干净整齐的厨房里。
He always keeps his desk neat.
他总是保持桌子整洁。
Everything was neat and tidy and gleamingly clean.
所有的东西都井然有序，洁净得闪闪发光。
A good boy always dresses himself properly and neatly.
一个好男孩总是穿着得体整洁。
Children must learn to write neatly.
孩子们必须学会书写工整。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is an organised person and always keeps her room ________ (neatly) and clean.
②Her hair was ________ (neat) combed back.
③She stood up and began to fold each garment ________ (neat).
④In his hand is a ________ (neat) wrapped box containing the gift he bought for her.
⑤They went into the farmhouse, and were charmed with the ________ (neat) and the furniture.
neat
neatly
neatly
neatly
neatness
(7)effort n．努力；力气；艰难的尝试，试图，尽力
(教材原句)It's also important to make an effort to talk to other people.努力与他人交谈也很重要。
make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力(做)某事
with effort 费力地
for all one's efforts 尽管某人付出了全部努力
without effort 毫不费力地，轻松地
be worth the effort 值得努力
A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success.
为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。
It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
爬到顶端的路程很长，虽然费力却很值得。
Getting up this morning was quite an effort.
今天早上起床相当费力。
You should put more effort into your work.
你应该更加努力地工作。
With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
她好不容易才忍住了笑。
He goes jogging around the park every morning in an effort to get fit. 他为了保持健康每天早上绕着公园慢跑。
We need to make a joint effort to finish on time.
我们需要共同努力才能按时完成。
[拓展]
(1)effortless adj.不需费力的
He made playing the guitar look effortless．他弹起吉他来显得轻松自如。
(2)effortlessly adv.不费力地
Her son Peter adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings.
她的儿子彼得不费力地就适应了新环境。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She took a deep breath and sat up slowly and ________ great effort.
②He's obviously making ________ effort to be nice to me at the moment.
③They met again in an effort ________ (end) the strike and get
people back to work.
④We should spare ________ effort to protect our environment, because it is shared by all the human beings.
⑤His movements were so graceful that they seemed ________ (effort).
with
an/every
to end
no
effortless
⑥She runs so ________ (effort), as if it's the easiest thing in the world.
⑦The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the ________ (effort) we put into collecting the items finally came together.
⑧As we all know, failure is one thing that can be achieved ________ effort.
完成句子
⑨I spent hours cleaning the house, but there isn't much to show
____________________ (尽管我付出全部努力).
effortlessly
efforts
without
for all my efforts
8)represent vt.代表；象征；作为……的代言人，维护……的利益；展示，描写，描绘)
(教材原句)As we come to the end of our school year, I would like to represent all the students of Grade Three and say a few words.在本学年即将结束之际，我想代表三年级的全体同学说几句话。
(1)represent peace 象征着和平
represent China at the Olympics 在奥运会上代表中国
represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
(2)be representative of... 代表……
a representative of teachers/students 一名教师/学生代表
The competition attracted 50 contestants representing 8 countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个国家的50名参赛者。
Each colour on the chart represents a different department.
图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
The union represents over 200，000 teachers.
工会代表着20余万名教师的利益。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
He represented himself to be a scholar.
他自称是个学者。
The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental leader.
大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成环保领袖。
She is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation.
她被看作是她那一代年轻人的典型代表。
These remarks are not representative of the views of management.
这些话并不代表管理层的意见。
[拓展] representative n．代表 adj.典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The 2022 Olympic Winter Games attracted nearly 3，000 contestants __________ (represent) about 90 countries.
②The leading role in the movie is represented ________ a hero.
③He is a ____________ (represent) for a large international company.
④He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as ________ representative.
⑤All shops are visited from time to time by one of our sales ______________ (representative).
⑥The painting is not representative ________ his work of the period.
representing
as
representative
a
representatives
of
完成句子
⑦He had ________________ (把自己描述为) an employee in order to gain access to the files.
⑧Are your views ________________________ (代表所有工人) here？
represented himself as
representative of all workers
9)extend vt.提供，给予，表示；延长，延伸，扩大，扩展，伸展(手、胳膊、腿等))
(教材原句)I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.
我要感谢这么多年来为我们付出这么多的老师、父母和家人。
(1)extend sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
extend thanks to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人表示感谢
extend credit to sb. 向某人提供信贷
extend as far as 延伸到……
extend sb. an invitation 向某人发出邀请
extend a deadline/visa 延长最后期限/签证
extend a fence/road/house 扩建栅栏/公路/房子
(2)a visa extension 延长签证
extensive damage 巨大的损失
an extension of ……的延期
The bank refused to extend credit to them.
银行拒绝向他们提供信贷。
I should like to extend my thanks to you for your kindness.
我想对你的好意表示感谢。
The show has been extended for another six weeks.
展览会又延长了六周。
Our land extends as far as the river.
我们的土地一直延伸到河边。
I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our guests. 我确定你们会同我一起向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎。
When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.
当巡视员伸出手来迎接格伦的母亲时，他在刚涂过油的地面上滑倒了。(单个过去分词作定语，置于被修饰词之前)
[拓展]
(1)extension n．扩大，延伸；延长期
The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
银行计划多方扩展信贷服务。
(2)extensive adj.广阔的，大规模的，广泛的
The fire caused extensive damage．
火灾造成了巨大的损失。
Extensive repair work is being carried out.
大规模的修缮工作正在进行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm sure you will join me in ________ (extend) a very warm welcome to our visitors.
②The school is __________ (extend) the range of subjects.
③A true friend will always extend a helping hand ________ you when you're in the depths of despair.
④They are hoping to get ________ extension of their loan.
⑤He's been granted an ________ (extend) of the contract for another year.
⑥Traditional Chinese culture is ________ (extend) and profound, including musical instruments, chess, calligraphy (书法) and painting, classical literature, traditional festivals, Chinese drama.
extending
extending
to
an
extension
extensive
10)fortunate adj.幸运的)
(教材原句)We are so fortunate to have your love and support.
我们很幸运能得到你们的爱和支持。
(1)be/feel fortunate in doing sth. 在做某事方面很幸运
be/feel fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
It is fortunate (for sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是幸运的。
(2)have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事/有做某事的运气
try one's fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财
seek one's fortune 寻找发财机会
spend a fortune 花一大笔钱
I feel fortunate in working with the famous expert.
能和那位知名专家一起工作我感到很幸运。
I was fortunate to enjoy such attractive scenery in your hometown.
我真幸运，在你的家乡欣赏到了如此迷人的风景。
I have been fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
我很有福气，去过世界许多地方作演讲。
It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on time.
算他运气好，我准时到了。
I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
He made his fortune in car sales.
他在汽车销售中发了财。
I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started.
我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。
Fortunately for him, he was very soon offered another job.
他运气好，很快就有人聘请他做另一份工作。
I can't make it, unfortunately.
很遗憾，我来不及。
[拓展]
(1)fortune n．运气；大笔的钱；命运
(2)fortunately adv.幸运地
(3)unfortunately adv.不幸地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was fortunate enough ________ (meet) the professor who liked my paintings very much.
②You don't have to spend ________ fortune to give your family tasty, healthy meals.
③Realise that there are people ___________ (fortunate) than you and right now, rightly or wrongly, they are wishing for your exact lifestyle.
④________ is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention.
⑤__________ (fortune), no one was in the building when it fell down.
⑥__________ (unfortunate), it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate (摧毁) a large part of these resources.
to meet
a
less fortunate
It
Fortunately
Unfortunately
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)as far as就……而言；直到，远到)
(教材原句)As far as I know, young people in the UK like to go to parties.据我所知，英国的年轻人喜欢参加聚会。
as far as I am concerned 就我而言
as far as I know 就我所知
as far as I can remember 据我所记得的
as far as I can tell 就我所知
as far as I can see 依我看，在我看来
as far as the eye can see 极目所尽
as far as some place 远到某地
As far as he was concerned, things were going well.
就他来讲，一切进展得很顺利。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember.
据我所记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。
As far as I can see, they are a nice and devoted married couple.
据我所看到的，他们是一对人品好而且很恩爱的夫妻。
As far as I know, seldom can a man without honesty be successful as a leader.据我所知，不诚实的人很少能成功成为领导者。
We'll go by train as far as London, and then take a bus.
我们将坐火车到伦敦，然后转乘公共汽车。
We can see as far as the sea from here.从这儿，我们可远看到大海。
[拓展] in terms of从……方面来说
personally (speaking)就个人而言
in one's opinion依某人之见，就某人而言
considering就……而言，考虑到，鉴于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ far as I know, he is still working there.
②As far as she ____________ (concern), we should make our own contributions according to the gift list.
③With a large brain, human beings beat other beings ________ terms of intelligence.
④A good many things in the world cannot be considered and valued in terms ________ money.
⑤___________ (consider) that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme.
⑥________ (person), I think the show is going to be a great success.
As
is concerned
in
of
Considering
Personally
2)in general普遍地；总之，一般而言，通常，大体上)
(教材原句)And are there any rules for attending parties in general？参加聚会一般有什么规则吗？
(1)generally speaking 一般来说
as a general rule 一般情况下
(2)关于“总结”的表达
in a word 总之，一句话，简言之
in short 总之，简言之
all in all 总的来说
in summary 总之
in conclusion 最后
on the whole 总体而言
I think we need to improve our educational system in general.
我认为我们需要从总体上改进我们的教育体制。
In general, men are taller than women.
通常，男人比女人高。
In general, cars made by that company are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.
总的来说，那家公司制造的汽车很可靠，发生故障的情况极少。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ general, Japanese cars are fuel efficient.
②________ (general) speaking, the changes they had made were to be welcomed.
③________ a general rule, vegetable oils are better for you than animal fats.
④In ________ word, reading English novels can help us improve our English level.
⑤________ short, a good and happy environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthily.
In
Generally
As
a
In
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
where引导定语从句
(教材原句)Well, I like big parties where you can dance, have fun and meet new people!
嘿，我喜欢大型聚会，在大型聚会上你可以跳舞、尽情享受，还能结识新人！
句式分析 where可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，先行词往往为表示具体地点或抽象地点的名词(常见的表示抽象地点的名词有point, case, situation, position等)。where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。
The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
这部电影以一个小镇为背景，那里唯一的一家电影院就要倒闭了。
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能会遇上这样一种情况，在这种情况下你不得不立刻作出决定。
[误区警示]
并非所有表示地点的名词后都用where引导定语从句，当关系词在从句中不作地点状语时，定语从句不用where引导。例如：
·This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year.去年我们就是在这栋房子里拜访了那位著名的作家。(关系词在从句中作地点状语)
·The house (that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old.我们去年参观的那座房子有500多年的历史了。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I can still remember the spot ________ we went camping last summer.
②This building ___________ has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.
③The servant took me to the living room, ________ I found Julia Mills learning a song.
where
that/which
where
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The family are eating and having fun in the ________ (整洁的) café.
2．We ran to escape and ___________ (幸运地) no one was injured.
3．As the editor demands, you need to back up general statements with ________ (具体的) examples in this article.
4．She had no other dress __________ (合适的) for the formal occasion.
neat
fortunately
specific
appropriate
Ⅱ.短语填空
be specific to, as long as, in general, represent oneself as, pay attention to, make efforts to, as far as
1．____________， women's friendships with each other tend to rest on shared emotions and support.
2．They no longer ____________ the incident and had no idea what was arising.
3．You won't find paper cutting difficult _____________ you keep practising it at your leisure time.
In general
paid attention to
as long as
4．Send your resume (简历) with a cover letter which ____________ that particular job.
5．The young man _________________ an inspiring lecturer yesterday.
6．You should ___________ live up to your parents' expectations.
7．In the evening after supper, we often take a walk ________ the river.
is specific to
represented himself as
make efforts to
as far as
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some working adults, ___________ (fortunate), have no time to take naps.
2．He is capable of ____________ (represent) our school to compete with other students in the contest.
3．What is the point of helping the underdog if he doesn't make ________ effort to help himself
4．To our joy, about 20 of us had been ________ (fortune) enough to receive invitations to a film studio.
5．As far as I know, it is no good ________ (refer) to the dictionary every time you come across a new word.
6．Boldness—a willingness ____________ (extend) yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.
unfortunately
representing
an
fortunate
referring
to extend
7．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough ________ (have) success, you should put something back.
8．More efforts, as reported, __________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structural reform.
9．For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more ________________ (appropriate) to the user.
10．A man should learn ________ (suit) ways to deal with life.
11．They bowed to their teacher as they ________ (greet) her.
12．________ general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
to have
will be made
appropriately
suitable
greeted
In
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．To be frank, it seems that the job __________________ (不适合他).
2．When it comes to the challenging task of protecting the environment, we ________________________ (将更加努力) in the years ahead.
3．The organisation was formed ________________________________ (代表农民的利益).
4．_________________________ (一般来说), it is considered unwise to give a teenager whatever he or she wants.
5．This creation ________________________ (吸引了很多关注) thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
is not suitable for him
will make more efforts
to represent the interests of farmers
In general/Generally speaking
attracted a lot of attention
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．这幅画描述的是端午节的场景。(represent, Dragon Boat Festival)
_________________________________________________________
2．他正在努力拯救那些被用于娱乐的野生动物。(make an effort, entertainment)
_________________________________________________________
3．整体而言，这个组织为慈善做出了很大贡献。
(in general, contribution)
_________________________________________________________
4．据我所知，与她争论是没有用的。(as far as, it is no use doing)
_________________________________________________________
5．我们很幸运地在他休息的时候超过了他。(fortunate, overtake)
_________________________________________________________
The painting represents the scene of Dragon Boat Festival.
She was making an effort to save the wild animals used for entertainment.
In general, the organization has made great contributions to charity.
As far as I know, it is no use arguing with her.
We were fortunate enough to overtake him while he was having a rest.Section C Lesson 2 Special Occasions
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 牛仔裤
2．____________ n. 啤酒
3．____________ n. 录音室
4．____________ n. 努力；力气
5．____________ vt. 提供，给予，表示
(歌谣) 小小peer （伙伴）喜欢beer （啤酒），长大成为engineer （工程师），主动当了volunteer （志愿者），最终成为pioneer （创始人）。
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．appropriate adj.合适的→________ adv.合适地，适当地
2．greet vt.问候，欢迎；打招呼→________ n．问候；招呼；致意
3．represent vt.代表→________ n．代表 adj.有代表性的
4．fortunate adj.幸运的→________ adv.幸运地→________ adj.不幸的→________ adv.不幸地
5．teenage adj.青少年的→________ n．青少年，十几岁的孩子
6．specific adj.具体的，特定的→________ adv.具体地
7．suit n．套装 v．适合→________ adj.合适的，适合的
8．neat adj.整洁的→________ adv.整洁地，利索地
9．effort n．努力，力气→________ adj.不需费力的→________ adv.不费力地
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．be invited to a wedding ________________
2．take...into consideration ________________
3．for formal parties ________________
4．dress smartly ________________
5．make sure ________________
6．give an English speech ________________
7．graduation ceremony ________________
8．look ahead to ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 注意具体的信息
2．________________ 努力做某事
3．________________ 据我所知
4．________________ 就我而言
5．________________ 普遍地；总体上
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)greet vt.问候，欢迎，打招呼；对……作出反应；映入……的眼帘，传入……的耳中(或鼻中) greeting n．问候，招呼；迎接，致意，祝辞)
(教材原句)Greet and thank the host when you arrive.
当你到达时，问候并感谢主人。
(1)greet sb. with... 以……方式和某人打招呼
greet sb. warmly 热情地跟某人打招呼
be greeted with/by 受到……的迎接；……映入眼帘/传入耳中；被报以……的反应
greet each other 互相问候
greet guests 迎接客人
greet sb. at the airport 在机场迎接某人
be greeted as a hero 被当作英雄欢迎
greet sb. with a nod 向某人点头致意
(2)offer/send (one's) greetings to sb. (代某人)向某人问好
Christmas/birthday greetings 圣诞/生日祝辞
He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情接待。
She greeted us with a smile.她微笑着向我们打招呼。
The team's win was greeted as a major triumph.
这个队获胜被看成是一个重大的胜利。
Loud cheers greeted the news.这消息受到热烈欢呼。
When she opened the door, she was greeted by a scene of chaos.她打开门，一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
She waved a friendly greeting.她友好地挥手致意。
He raised his hand in greeting.他举手致意。
My mother sends her greetings to you.我母亲向你问好。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They bowed to their mother as they ________ (greet) her.
②Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me ________ a sweet smile.
③“Hi” is an informal way of ________ (greet) people.
④I woke up and ________ (greet) by bird song.
⑤On the stage, the famous singer always ________ (greet) the audience with her usual smile.
⑥His speech impressed everybody in the hall and was greeted ________ a roar of applause.
⑦I wish to take this opportunity to extend to you sincere ________ (greet) and best wishes of the Chinese Government and people!
⑧He sent his greetings ________ you in the letter.
2)teenager n．青少年，十几岁的孩子 teenage adj.青少年的 teen n．13～19岁的青少年；青少年时期)
(教材原句)For teenagers: 对青少年：
a magazine aimed at teenagers 以青少年为对象的杂志
a present for a teenager 送给十几岁孩子的礼物
in one's teens 在某人十几岁时
a new teen centre 一个新的青少年中心
The magazine is aimed at teenagers and young adults.
这本杂志的目标读者是青少年和年轻人。
My teenage daughter wants to become a doctor.
我十几岁的女儿想当医生。
The teen had a fascination with music.
这名青少年对音乐着迷。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Then a rail thin ________ (teenage), in a baggy (宽大的) white T shirt, skidded up to the beam.
②He found it very hard teaching a class full of naughty ________ (teenager).
③His father was a truck driver and his mother died of cancer when he was ________ his teens.
④Being 12 years old, I could never imagine someone in ________ (they) teens playing in the NBA, much less on the Lakers！
3)appropriately adv.合适地，适当地)
(教材原句)My advice is to dress appropriately.我的建议是穿着得体。
(1)dress appropriately 适当地打扮，穿着得体
act/behave appropriately 举止得体
be appropriately dressed for... 穿着得体参加……
(2)be appropriate for/to 适合于……
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that sb. (should) do... 某人做……是合适的。(说明：虚拟语气：should＋动词原形， should可以省略)
(3)an appropriate response/measure/method/action 恰如其分的回答/适当的措施/合适的方法/适当的行动
take appropriate action to do sth. 采取恰当的行动做某事
She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.
她认为我们穿得不适合参加婚礼。
Behave appropriately and ask intelligent questions.
举止要得体，提问要机智。
Is now an appropriate time to make a speech
现在发表演讲是不是时候？
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
It is not appropriate for you to let off fireworks in such a late hour.你这么晚放烟花是不合适的。
It is appropriate that you (should) adopt his suggestion.
你采纳他的建议是恰当的。
[拓展] appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Both teachers and students responded calmly and ________ (appropriate) to the fire alarms.
②Parents want to find an education system which is more appropriate ________ the needs of the students.
③It is appropriate that you ________ (draw) a conclusion with enough evidence.
④As far as I know, ________ is not appropriate for you to ask such personal questions in an interview.
⑤It seemed somehow appropriate ________ we should begin our journey here.
完成句子
⑥Now that the problem has been identified, ________________ (适当的行动) can be taken.
4)specific adj.具体的，特定的，特有的，明确的，详细的)
(教材原句)Some parties are held for a specific formal purpose...有些聚会是为了特定的正式目的而举行的……
(1)be specific to 是……所特有的
to be specific 具体来说
a specific goal 一个具体的目标
a specific plan 一个具体的计划
a specific answer 一个明确的回答
a specific age group 特定年龄段
(2)be specifically designed for children 专门为孩子们设计的
more specifically 更确切地说
I gave you specific instructions. 我给过你明确的指示。
“I'd like your help tomorrow.”“Can you be more specific？”
“我想让你明天来帮帮我。”“你能不能说得具体些？”
The money was collected for a specific purpose.
这笔钱是为了一个特定用途而筹集的。
It's a way of living specific to America.
这是美国特有的生活方式。
We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.
除特定区域外，我们禁止吸烟。
I specifically told you not to go near the water!
我明确告诉过你不要靠近水边！
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
很明显，目光接触应该根据两个人之间的关系和具体情况来进行。
She is a special friend of mine.她是我的一个特别的朋友。
[拓展] specifically adv.具体地，明确地；特意，专门地；具体来说，确切地说,[易混比较] specific/special (adj.)
·均有“特别的，特定的”之意，均无比较级和最高级。
·
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The disease seems to be specific ________ certain types of plant.
②________ (be) specific, the train leaves at eight past fifteen.
③These jeans were designed ________ (specific) for women.
完成句子
④In this article, you need to back up general statements with ________________ (具体的例子).
⑤The newspaper, or ________________ (更确切地说), the editor, was taken to court for publishing the photographs.
⑥The children's television programme is aimed at ________________ (特定年龄段).
5)suit n．套装，西装 vt.对(某人)方便，满足(某人)需要，合(某人)心意；相配，合身)
(教材原句)Wear a neat black suit and a tie, for example.
例如，穿一件整洁的黑西装，打一条领带。
(1)a suit of clothes 一套衣服
a diving/protective suit 潜水服/防护服
follow suit 跟着做；仿效
a business suit 商务套装
(2)suit one's needs 满足某人的需要(suit侧重于符合某人的口味，或服装颜色、款式等的相配或适合)
suit all tastes 满足各种口味
suit sb. fine/well 非常适合某人
suit sb. perfectly 完全适合某人
(3)be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
a suitable place for a picnic 适合野餐的地方
He wore an overcoat over his suit.他在西服外加了一件大衣。
Could you pick up my suit from the cleaner's for me, please
你能帮我从洗衣店取我的西装吗？
Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.
选一台适合你个人需要的电脑。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车走，我也没问题。
It suits me to start work at a later time.
对我来说，最好晚一点再开始工作。
Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.
你适合穿蓝色。你该多穿蓝色衣服。
Try out various rackets to find out which one suits you best.
试试各种球拍，看看哪只最适合你。
This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。
I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
[拓展] suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
[一言助记] The dress fits you well, but its colour doesn't suit you, and you should wear the one that matches your shoes very well.
这件衣服大小很适合你，但是它的颜色不适合你，你应该穿和你的鞋子很相配的那件。,[比较] suit/fit/match
·suit多指符合需要、品味、条件、地位等，或衣服的款式、颜色适合；
·fit多指尺寸、大小、形状等合适；
·match多指两者从整体上搭配协调。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I saw this nice looking man in ________ grey suit.
②Would now be a ________ (suit) moment to discuss my report
③Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
④When we accept progress and adapt it ________ (suit) our needs, a new “past” is created.
⑤It is almost impossible to find a time that ________ (suit) everyone.
⑥The colour of this pair of shoes suits me very well, but its size ________ (fit) my younger brother.
⑦Her hat really ______ (match) her dress; they look very well together.
完成句子
⑧On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to ________________ (仿效).
⑨This restaurant has become popular for its wide range of foods that ________________ (满足各种口味).
6)neat adj.整洁的，整齐的；爱整洁的 neatness n．整洁 neatly adv.整洁地，整齐地)
keep neat 保持整洁
look neat 看起来整齐
neat in 在……方面整洁
neat and tidy 干净整齐
a neat answer 简洁的回答
a neat desk 整洁的课桌
a neat piece of work 精巧的作品
neat rows of books 一排排整齐的书
neatly folded clothes 叠着整整齐齐的衣服
neat handwriting 工整的笔迹
write neatly 整齐地写
fold clothes neatly 把衣服整齐地叠起来
They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen.
他们坐在她那干净整齐的厨房里。
He always keeps his desk neat.他总是保持桌子整洁。
Everything was neat and tidy and gleamingly clean.
所有的东西都井然有序，洁净得闪闪发光。
A good boy always dresses himself properly and neatly.
一个好男孩总是穿着得体整洁。
Children must learn to write neatly.孩子们必须学会书写工整。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is an organised person and always keeps her room ________ (neatly) and clean.
②Her hair was ________ (neat) combed back.
③She stood up and began to fold each garment ________ (neat).
④In his hand is a ________ (neat) wrapped box containing the gift he bought for her.
⑤They went into the farmhouse, and were charmed with the ________ (neat) and the furniture.
(7)effort n．努力；力气；艰难的尝试，试图，尽力
(教材原句)It's also important to make an effort to talk to other people.努力与他人交谈也很重要。
make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
put effort into (doing) sth. 努力(做)某事
with effort 费力地
for all one's efforts 尽管某人付出了全部努力
without effort 毫不费力地，轻松地
be worth the effort 值得努力
A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success.
为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。
It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort.
爬到顶端的路程很长，虽然费力却很值得。
Getting up this morning was quite an effort.
今天早上起床相当费力。
You should put more effort into your work.
你应该更加努力地工作。
With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
她好不容易才忍住了笑。
He goes jogging around the park every morning in an effort to get fit. 他为了保持健康每天早上绕着公园慢跑。
We need to make a joint effort to finish on time.
我们需要共同努力才能按时完成。
[拓展]
(1)effortless adj.不需费力的
He made playing the guitar look effortless．他弹起吉他来显得轻松自如。
(2)effortlessly adv.不费力地
Her son Peter adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings.
她的儿子彼得不费力地就适应了新环境。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She took a deep breath and sat up slowly and ________ great effort.
②He's obviously making ________ effort to be nice to me at the moment.
③They met again in an effort ________ (end) the strike and get
people back to work.
④We should spare ________ effort to protect our environment, because it is shared by all the human beings.
⑤His movements were so graceful that they seemed ________ (effort).
⑥She runs so ________ (effort), as if it's the easiest thing in the world.
⑦The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the ________ (effort) we put into collecting the items finally came together.
⑧As we all know, failure is one thing that can be achieved ________ effort.
完成句子
⑨I spent hours cleaning the house, but there isn't much to show ____________________ (尽管我付出全部努力).
8)represent vt.代表；象征；作为……的代言人，维护……的利益；展示，描写，描绘)
(教材原句)As we come to the end of our school year, I would like to represent all the students of Grade Three and say a few words.在本学年即将结束之际，我想代表三年级的全体同学说几句话。
(1)represent peace 象征着和平
represent China at the Olympics 在奥运会上代表中国
represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
(2)be representative of... 代表……
a representative of teachers/students 一名教师/学生代表
The competition attracted 50 contestants representing 8 countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个国家的50名参赛者。
Each colour on the chart represents a different department.
图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
The union represents over 200，000 teachers.
工会代表着20余万名教师的利益。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
He represented himself to be a scholar.他自称是个学者。
The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental leader.大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成环保领袖。
She is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation.
她被看作是她那一代年轻人的典型代表。
These remarks are not representative of the views of management.
这些话并不代表管理层的意见。
[拓展] representative n．代表 adj.典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The 2022 Olympic Winter Games attracted nearly 3，000 contestants ________ (represent) about 90 countries.
②The leading role in the movie is represented ________ a hero.
③He is a ________ (represent) for a large international company.
④He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as ________ representative.
⑤All shops are visited from time to time by one of our sales ________ (representative).
⑥The painting is not representative ________ his work of the period.
完成句子
⑦He had ________________ (把自己描述为) an employee in order to gain access to the files.
⑧Are your views ________________________ (代表所有工人) here？
9)extend vt.提供，给予，表示；延长，延伸，扩大，扩展，伸展(手、胳膊、腿等))
(教材原句)I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.我要感谢这么多年来为我们付出这么多的老师、父母和家人。
(1)extend sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
extend thanks to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人表示感谢
extend credit to sb. 向某人提供信贷
extend as far as 延伸到……
extend sb. an invitation 向某人发出邀请
extend a deadline/visa 延长最后期限/签证
extend a fence/road/house 扩建栅栏/公路/房子
(2)a visa extension 延长签证
extensive damage 巨大的损失
an extension of ……的延期
The bank refused to extend credit to them.
银行拒绝向他们提供信贷。
I should like to extend my thanks to you for your kindness.
我想对你的好意表示感谢。
The show has been extended for another six weeks.
展览会又延长了六周。
Our land extends as far as the river.
我们的土地一直延伸到河边。
I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our guests. 我确定你们会同我一起向我们的客人表示热烈的欢迎。
When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.
当巡视员伸出手来迎接格伦的母亲时，他在刚涂过油的地面上滑倒了。(单个过去分词作定语，置于被修饰词之前)
[拓展] (1)extension n．扩大，延伸；延长期
The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
银行计划多方扩展信贷服务。
(2)extensive adj.广阔的，大规模的，广泛的
The fire caused extensive damage．
火灾造成了巨大的损失。
Extensive repair work is being carried out.
大规模的修缮工作正在进行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm sure you will join me in ________ (extend) a very warm welcome to our visitors.
②The school is ________ (extend) the range of subjects.
③A true friend will always extend a helping hand ________ you when you're in the depths of despair.
④They are hoping to get ________ extension of their loan.
⑤He's been granted an ________ (extend) of the contract for another year.
⑥Traditional Chinese culture is ________ (extend) and profound, including musical instruments, chess, calligraphy (书法) and painting, classical literature, traditional festivals, Chinese drama.
10)fortunate adj.幸运的)
(教材原句)We are so fortunate to have your love and support.
我们很幸运能得到你们的爱和支持。
(1)be/feel fortunate in doing sth. 在做某事方面很幸运
be/feel fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
It is fortunate (for sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是幸运的。
(2)have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事/有做某事的运气
try one's fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财
seek one's fortune 寻找发财机会
spend a fortune 花一大笔钱
I feel fortunate in working with the famous expert.
能和那位知名专家一起工作我感到很幸运。
I was fortunate to enjoy such attractive scenery in your hometown.
我真幸运，在你的家乡欣赏到了如此迷人的风景。
I have been fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.我很有福气，去过世界许多地方作演讲。
It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on time.
算他运气好，我准时到了。
I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
He made his fortune in car sales.他在汽车销售中发了财。
I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started.
我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。
Fortunately for him, he was very soon offered another job.
他运气好，很快就有人聘请他做另一份工作。
I can't make it, unfortunately.很遗憾，我来不及。
[拓展]
(1)fortune n．运气；大笔的钱；命运
(2)fortunately adv.幸运地
(3)unfortunately adv.不幸地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was fortunate enough ________ (meet) the professor who liked my paintings very much.
②You don't have to spend ________ fortune to give your family tasty, healthy meals.
③Realise that there are people ________ (fortunate) than you and right now, rightly or wrongly, they are wishing for your exact lifestyle.
④________ is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention.
⑤________ (fortune), no one was in the building when it fell down.
⑥________ (unfortunate), it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate (摧毁) a large part of these resources.
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)as far as就……而言；直到，远到)
(教材原句)As far as I know, young people in the UK like to go to parties.据我所知，英国的年轻人喜欢参加聚会。
as far as I am concerned 就我而言
as far as I know 就我所知
as far as I can remember 据我所记得的
as far as I can tell 就我所知
as far as I can see 依我看，在我看来
as far as the eye can see 极目所尽
as far as some place 远到某地
As far as he was concerned, things were going well.
就他来讲，一切进展得很顺利。
She lived in Chicago, as far as I can remember.
据我所记得的，她过去住在芝加哥。
As far as I can see, they are a nice and devoted married couple.
据我所看到的，他们是一对人品好而且很恩爱的夫妻。
As far as I know, seldom can a man without honesty be successful as a leader.据我所知，不诚实的人很少能成功成为领导者。
We'll go by train as far as London, and then take a bus.
我们将坐火车到伦敦，然后转乘公共汽车。
We can see as far as the sea from here.从这儿，我们可远看到大海。,[拓展] in terms of从……方面来说
personally (speaking)就个人而言
in one's opinion依某人之见，就某人而言
considering就……而言，考虑到，鉴于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ far as I know, he is still working there.
②As far as she ________ (concern), we should make our own contributions according to the gift list.
③With a large brain, human beings beat other beings ________ terms of intelligence.
④A good many things in the world cannot be considered and valued in terms ________ money.
⑤________ (consider) that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme.
⑥________ (person), I think the show is going to be a great success.
2)in general普遍地；总之，一般而言，通常，大体上)
(教材原句)And are there any rules for attending parties in general？参加聚会一般有什么规则吗？
(1)generally speaking 一般来说
as a general rule 一般情况下
(2)关于“总结”的表达
in a word 总之，一句话，简言之
in short 总之，简言之
all in all 总的来说
in summary 总之
in conclusion 最后
on the whole 总体而言
I think we need to improve our educational system in general.
我认为我们需要从总体上改进我们的教育体制。
In general, men are taller than women.通常，男人比女人高。
In general, cars made by that company are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.总的来说，那家公司制造的汽车很可靠，发生故障的情况极少。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ general, Japanese cars are fuel efficient.
②________ (general) speaking, the changes they had made were to be welcomed.
③________ a general rule, vegetable oils are better for you than animal fats.
④In ________ word, reading English novels can help us improve our English level.
⑤________ short, a good and happy environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthily.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
where引导定语从句
(教材原句)Well, I like big parties where you can dance, have fun and meet new people!
嘿，我喜欢大型聚会，在大型聚会上你可以跳舞、尽情享受，还能结识新人！
句式分析 where可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，先行词往往为表示具体地点或抽象地点的名词(常见的表示抽象地点的名词有point, case, situation, position等)。where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。
The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
这部电影以一个小镇为背景，那里唯一的一家电影院就要倒闭了。
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能会遇上这样一种情况，在这种情况下你不得不立刻作出决定。,[误区警示] 并非所有表示地点的名词后都用where引导定语从句，当关系词在从句中不作地点状语时，定语从句不用where引导。例如：
·This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year.去年我们就是在这栋房子里拜访了那位著名的作家。(关系词在从句中作地点状语)
·The house (that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old.我们去年参观的那座房子有500多年的历史了。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I can still remember the spot ________ we went camping last summer.
②This building ________ has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.
③The servant took me to the living room, ________ I found Julia Mills learning a song.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The family are eating and having fun in the ________ (整洁的) café.
2．We ran to escape and ________ (幸运地) no one was injured.
3．As the editor demands, you need to back up general statements with ________ (具体的) examples in this article.
4．She had no other dress ________ (合适的) for the formal occasion.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be specific to, as long as, in general, represent oneself as, pay attention to, make efforts to, as far as
1．____________， women's friendships with each other tend to rest on shared emotions and support.
2．They no longer ____________ the incident and had no idea what was arising.
3．You won't find paper cutting difficult __________ you keep practising it at your leisure time.
4．Send your resume (简历) with a cover letter which ____________ that particular job.
5．The young man ____________ an inspiring lecturer yesterday.
6．You should ________ live up to your parents' expectations.
7．In the evening after supper, we often take a walk ________ the river.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Some working adults, ________ (fortunate), have no time to take naps.
2．He is capable of ________ (represent) our school to compete with other students in the contest.
3．What is the point of helping the underdog if he doesn't make ________ effort to help himself
4．To our joy, about 20 of us had been ________ (fortune) enough to receive invitations to a film studio.
5．As far as I know, it is no good ________ (refer) to the dictionary every time you come across a new word.
6．Boldness—a willingness ________ (extend) yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.
7．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough ________ (have) success, you should put something back.
8．More efforts, as reported, ________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structural reform.
9．For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more ________ (appropriate) to the user.
10．A man should learn ________ (suit) ways to deal with life.
11．They bowed to their teacher as they ________ (greet) her.
12．________ general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．To be frank, it seems that the job ________________________ (不适合他).
2．When it comes to the challenging task of protecting the environment, we ________________________ (将更加努力) in the years ahead.
3．The organisation was formed ________________________________ (代表农民的利益).
4．________________ (一般来说), it is considered unwise to give a teenager whatever he or she wants.
5．This creation ________________________ (吸引了很多关注) thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．这幅画描述的是端午节的场景。(represent, Dragon Boat Festival)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．他正在努力拯救那些被用于娱乐的野生动物。(make an effort, entertainment)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．整体而言，这个组织为慈善做出了很大贡献。(in general, contribution)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．据我所知，与她争论是没有用的。(as far as, it is no use doing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．我们很幸运地在他休息的时候超过了他。(fortunate, overtake)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(共126张PPT)
Section D Lesson 3 Memories of Christmas
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ vi.& vt. 低声说，低语 n. 耳语，低语
2．________________ vt. 使成筒形(球形) n.一卷；面包卷
3．________________ vi.& vt. 挥手；招手 n.挥手；波浪
4．________________ vi.& vt. 吞下，咽下 n.咽，吞；(鸟)燕子
5．________________ vt. 给……填馅；填，塞
6．________________ n. 树枝
7．________________ n. 盘；碟
8．________________ n. 信封
9．________________ n. 地极，北/南极
10．________________ n. 事件
whisper
roll
wave
swallow
stuff
branch
plate
envelope
pole
affair
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．memory n．记忆，回忆→___________ adj.难忘的；值得纪念的
2．slight adj.略微的→________ adv.略微，稍微
3．frost n．严寒天气；霜冻→________ adj.严寒的
4．patient adj.有耐心的 n．病人→________ n．耐心；耐力
5．behave v．表现；表现得体→________ n．行为，举止
6．merry adj.快乐的→________ adv.快乐地
7．ball n．球；球形的东西；舞会→________ n．芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演→________ n．(氢)气球 v．(使)鼓起；(使)激增
8．stock n．储存品；存货；(树)干，(灌木的)主干 vt.储存→________ n．长筒袜
9．wed vt.嫁给；娶；结婚→________ n．婚礼；结婚庆典
memorable
slightly
frosty
patience
behaviour
merrily
ballet
balloon
stockings
wedding
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．such a memorable Christmas ________________
2．on a cold, windy day ________________
3．be a mess ________________
4．move in ________________
5．make an effort ________________
6．Merry Christmas. ________________
7．Happy New Year. ________________
8．make a snowman ________________
9．a music box with a ballet dancer inside ________________
10．catch sb.'s eye ________________
如此难忘的圣诞节
在一个寒冷多风的日子
乱作一团
搬来(和某人)一起居住
尽力
圣诞快乐
新年快乐
堆雪人
一个里面有个芭蕾舞者的音乐盒
引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．_____________________ 再三地，重复地
2．_____________________ 就座
3．_____________________ 竖起，搭起
4．_____________________ 睡着
5．_____________________ 尽量表现得体
6．_____________________ 戴上，穿上
7．_____________________ 掉落
8．_____________________ 去世
9．_____________________ 不再
10．_____________________ 相信……的存在
11．_____________________ 想起
over and over (again)
take a seat
put up
fall asleep
(be) on one's best behaviour
put on
fall off
pass away
no longer
believe in
come to mind
Ⅰ.
课
文
思
维
导
图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What does the word “it” in “...maybe she hid it too well...” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.Christmas Day.
B.White hair.
C.Windy day.
D.Being ill.
D
2．What did Granny do before Christmas Day
A.She helped the writer write to Father Christmas.
B.She prepared lights, cards and snowmen for the writer.
C.She bought various delicious food for the family.
D.She taught the writer Christmas songs.
A
3．What gift did the writer get on Christmas Day
A.A Christmas tree.
B.New stockings.
C.Some treasures.
D.A music box.
D
4．Why does the writer always make a G shape biscuit
A.To show her talent.
B.To honour her granny.
C.To show she is a responsible person.
D.To advertise her special biscuit.
B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It was a 1.__________ (wind) November day when Granny came. Somehow, I didn't know she was sick.
She spent most of her time on the sofa by the fire. 2.________ I wrote a letter to Father Christmas, Granny tried to help me.
In December, 3.________ (we) excitement grew each day. Granny and I made sugar biscuits and we sang Christmas songs. 4.________ Christmas Eve, we put a stocking at the end of my bed. I remember Granny 5.________ (sit) on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleep.
windy
When
our
On
sitting
My stocking was full of gifts the next morning, and there were 6.________ (present) under the tree. I was on my best 7.________ (behave) as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me over. “I have something special for you，” she 8.________ (whisper).
Before long she passed away. I think of her often though, 9.________ (especial) at Christmas. Now I'm the one 10.________ makes sugar biscuits each year, and I always make one in a G shape—G for Granny.
presents
behaviour
whispered
especially
who
[教材原文]
I still remember the last Christmas Granny spent with us.[1] It began in the middle of November on a cold, windy day. I remember the wind because Granny's grey hair was a mess① when she arrived. That was also the day Granny moved in②. Somehow③， at the time, I didn't know she was sick. Maybe I was too young, maybe she hid it too well, or maybe I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way④.
[1]省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰the last Christmas。
After Granny moved in, she spent most of her time on the brown sofa by the fire. Sometimes she was quiet, but she seemed happy. When I wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about the presents I wanted, Granny made an effort to⑤ help me. Her hand was slightly⑥ shaky⑦， but she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole⑧” on the envelope⑨.
In December, our excitement grew each day—lights appeared in the streets, Christmas cards arrived, and there was snow everywhere. Granny and I made sugar biscuits, stuffed⑩ the turkey and then I sat on my granny's lap and we sang Christmas songs. My favourite song was Frosty the Snowman and I loved the bit that went “Thumpety thump thump , thumpety thump thump, look at Frosty go！”[2] Granny had the patience to sing it over and over again.
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰the bit, that在从句中作主语。
On Christmas Eve ， Granny took a seat by the fire as we put up the Christmas tree . I hung most of the decorations on the branches .
“That's the most beautiful tree I've ever seen [3]，” Granny said.
[3]定语从句修饰tree，省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词that。
[词汇注释]
①be a mess乱成一团
②move in搬来(和某人)一起居住
③somehow/'s mha /adv.不知怎的；不知为什么
④on the way即将到来
⑤make an effort to do sth.努力做某事
⑥slightly/'slaItli/adv.略微，稍微
⑦shaky adj.颤抖的
⑧pole/p l/n.地极，北/南极
※the North Pole北极
⑨envelope/'env l p/n.信封
⑩stuff/st f/vt.给……填馅；填，塞
※stuff the turkey给火鸡填馅
lap/l p/n.大腿部
※sit on one's lap坐在某人的大腿上
frosty/'fr sti/adj.严寒的
patience/'peI ns/n.耐心；耐力
※have the patience to do sth.耐心地做某事
over and over再三地，重复地
eve/i v/n.前夕；前一天
※on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕
take a seat就座
by the fire在炉火旁
put up the Christmas tree立起圣诞树
hang vt.(hung, hung) 悬挂
branch/brɑ nt /n.树枝
[汉语译文]
我仍记得奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。十一月中旬，寒冷多风的日子就来了。我记得那天的风，因为奶奶到达时她的灰头发乱作一团。那天也是奶奶搬进来的日子。不知为什么，那个时候我并未发现她病了。或许是因为我太小了，或许是她隐藏得太好了，或者可能是我对圣诞节的到来太兴奋了。
奶奶搬过来以后，大多数时间都待在炉火旁棕色的沙发上。有时她很安静，但她看起来很高兴。当我写信给圣诞老人，告诉他我想要的礼物时，奶奶尽力帮助我。她的手有点发抖，但她在信封上写上了“圣诞老人，北极”。
十二月，我们的兴奋感与日俱增——街道上灯火通明，圣诞贺卡来了，到处都是雪。奶奶和我做了糖饼干，填了火鸡，然后我坐在奶奶的腿上，我们一起唱圣诞歌。我最喜欢的歌是《雪人(雪孩子)》，我喜欢那伴随着“砰砰砰，砰砰砰砰，看弗罗斯蒂走！”的节拍。奶奶耐心地一遍又一遍地唱。
在平安夜，奶奶靠着炉火坐着，我们把圣诞树立起来。我把大部分装饰都挂在树枝上。
Then she started singing, “Oh, Christmas tree, oh, Christmas tree, you fill my heart with【21】 music...”
Before bed, Granny and I left a plate 【22】 of sugar biscuits out【23】 for Father Christmas, and put a stocking【24】 at the end of my bed. I remember Granny sitting【25】 on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleep【26】.
My stocking was full of【27】 small toys and sweets on Christmas morning, and there were presents under the tree. I was on my best behaviour【28】 as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me over【29】.
“I have something special【30】 for you，” Granny whispered【31】. “It's for all your treasures. Merry【32】 Christmas.”
It was a music box with a ballet【33】 dancer inside [4].
[4]with的复合结构(with＋名词＋adv.)作定语，修饰box。
After breakfast, Auntie Kath and my cousin David arrived. While Mum, Dad and Auntie Kath got lunch ready, David and I played outside. We raced around the garden and rolled【34】 a big snowball to make a lovely snowman. Granny stayed inside by the fire. I remember catching her eye【35】 through the window.
“Come outside, Granny，” I called, but she just waved【36】.
Lunch was late, but it was a loud and exciting affair【37】. We put on【38】 silly paper hats and had a big turkey with potatoes, followed by【39】 Christmas pudding. David put so much pudding in his mouth that he couldn't swallow【40】.
“How's the pudding？” Granny asked.
“Mmmph, mmmph, mmmph，” said David.
Auntie Kath didn't think it was funny, but the rest【41】 of us did. Granny laughed so much that her paper hat fell offB【42】.
A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed away【43】. I think of her often though [5], especially at Christmas. Each
year, I take out the music box she gave me [6]. Inside I keep Granny's paper hat and the letter she helped me write that Christmas. Mum gave the letter back to me some years ago when I no longer【44】 believed in【45】 Father Christmas. When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind【46】. It's also my memory【47】 of Granny. Now I'm the one who makes sugar biscuits each year [7], and I always make one in a G shape—G for Granny.
[5]though是副词作状语，意为“然而，可是”，常用于句末，但不能位于句首。
[6]省略that/which的定语从句，修饰the music box。
[7]who(此处可用that替代)引导定语从句，修饰the one。
【21】fill...with...用……装满……
【22】plate/pleIt/n.盘；碟
※a plate of一盘/碟……
【23】leave...out把……留在外面
【24】stocking/'st kI /n.长筒袜
【25】remember sb. doing sth.记得某人做过某事
※remember to do sth.记得要做某事
【26】fall asleep睡着
【27】be full of装满……
【28】behaviour/bI'heIvj /n.行为，举止
※on one's best behaviour尽可能好地表现
【29】call sb. over呼唤某人；召唤某人
【30】something special特别的东西
※形容词修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词的后面。
【31】whisper/'wIsp /vi.& vt.低声说，低语
【32】merry/'meri/adj.快乐的
※Merry Christmas.圣诞快乐。
【33】ballet/'b leI/n.芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演
【34】roll/r l/vt.使成筒形(球形)n.一卷；面包卷
【35】catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
【36】wave/weIv/vi.& vt.挥手；招手
※wave to/at朝……挥手
【37】affair/ 'fe /n.事件
【38】put on戴上；穿上
【39】followed by然后，接着是，跟随
【40】swallow/'sw l /vi.& vt.吞下，咽下
【41】the rest剩下的，余下的
【42】fall off掉下来
【43】pass away去世
※die的委婉说法。
【44】no longer 不再
※no longer＝not...any longer
【45】believe in相信……的存在
【46】come to mind记起；想到
【47】memory/'mem ri/n. 记忆，回忆
“那是我见过的最漂亮的树，”奶奶说。
然后她开始唱，“哦，圣诞树，哦，圣诞树，你用音乐填满我内心……”
睡觉前，奶奶和我为圣诞老人准备了一盘糖饼干，并在床头放了一只长袜。我记得奶奶坐在我的床上，轻声唱歌直到我睡着。
圣诞节早上，我的袜子里装满了小玩具和糖果，而且树下有礼物。拆礼物时，我表现得特别好。后来，奶奶叫我过来。
“我有一个特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。“为了保存你所有的财富。圣诞快乐。”
那是一个音乐盒，里面有个芭蕾舞演员。
早饭后，凯丝姑妈和我的堂弟大卫来了。当妈妈、爸爸和凯丝姑妈准备午饭时，我和大卫在外面玩。我们在花园里跑来跑去，滚了一个大雪球，做了一个可爱的雪人。奶奶待在炉火旁。我记得当时从窗户里看到她的眼睛。
“到外面来，奶奶，”我叫她，但她只是挥了挥手。
午餐晚了，但这是一件既欢闹又令人兴奋的大事。我们戴上傻傻的纸帽子，吃塞有土豆的大火鸡，随后又吃圣诞布丁。大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。
“布丁怎么样？”奶奶问。
“唔，唔，唔，”大卫说。
凯丝姑妈不觉得有趣，但我们其他人都觉得有趣。奶奶开怀大笑，她的纸帽子掉了下来。
圣诞节后的几个星期，奶奶去世了。不过我经常想起她，尤其是在圣诞节。每年，我都会拿出她给我的音乐盒。我把奶奶的纸帽子和她帮我写的那封圣诞信放在里面。几年前我不再相信有圣诞老人时，妈妈就把信还给了我。当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，我想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人，还有我对奶奶的回忆。现在的我每年都做糖饼干，我总是做一个G形的糖饼干——G代表奶奶。
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)memory n．[C]记忆，回忆；[C，U]记忆力，记性 memorise vt.记忆，记住)
(教材原句)MEMORIES OF CHRISTMAS圣诞节的回忆
have a good/bad memory (for...) (对……)记忆力好/差
in memory of sb. 为了纪念某人
to the memory of 为了纪念……
from memory 凭记忆
lose one's memory 失去记忆
memories of childhood＝childhood memories 童年的回忆
I have vivid memories of my grandparents.
我依然清楚地记得我的祖父母。
She set up an education fund in memory of her mother (＝in her mother's memory).
她为了纪念母亲而设立了一个教育基金。
I have a bad memory for names.我不善于记名字。
She can recite the whole poem from memory.她能背诵全诗。
He suffered loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
事故之后他有几个星期失去记忆。
If a teacher wrote something on the blackboard that had to be memorised, I'd memorise it then and there.
如果老师在黑板上面写下一些必须要记住的话，我会当堂记下。
[拓展] memorial adj.悼念的，纪念的 n．纪念物，纪念碑
memorial表示“为某人所立的纪念碑”时通常接介词to；表示“为悼念某人而写的文章”时通常接介词of；表示“在纪念仪式上”时，其前通常用介词at。
memorial hall纪念堂，纪念馆
Memorial Day n．(美国)阵亡将士纪念日(通常为五月底)
memorial service追悼会，追思礼拜
Lincoln Memorial林肯纪念堂
Memorial Park陵园；公墓
war memorial n．战争纪念碑
Chairman Mao memorial hall毛主席纪念堂
memorial tablet牌位
memorial meeting追悼会；纪念会
Memorial arch牌坊
[相关链接]
in honour of为了向……表示敬意；为纪念……
in celebration of庆祝；为了庆祝
in favour of支持，赞同
in praise of歌颂
[比较] memorise和remember
memorise...＝learn...by heart记住/熟记……
remember...想得起，记得
Do you remember me？你还记得我吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He drew a picture of the thief ________ memory.
②She has an excellent memory ________ names, which helps her quite a lot in her work.
③________ memory of the late musician, he built this music studio.
④The Dragon Boat Festival is in ________ (memorise) of a Chinese poet, Qu Yuan.
from
for
In
memory
⑤Kids jumped into a fishing port in ________ (celebrate) of the start of the island's Lantern Festival.
⑥He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour ________ the plan.
⑦She wrote poems in praise ________ the harmony between man and nature.
⑧Of course you have to learn a lot. And you have to ________ (memory) a lot of characters.
celebration
of
of
memorise
2)somehow adv.不知怎的，不知为什么；莫名其妙地)
(教材原句)Somehow, at the time, I didn't know she was sick.
不知为什么，那个时候我并未发现她病了。
somehow or other 想方设法；不知什么原因
Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him.
不知为什么，我觉得不能信任他。
She looked different somehow.
不知怎的，她看上去变了。
I know what we're doing is legal, but somehow it doesn't feel right.
我知道我们这样做是合法的，但不知为何我觉得不对。
Somehow or other, the baby burst into tears.
那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来。
[比较] somehow/anyhow/somewhat
·somehow“由于某种未知的原因”或“不管怎样”。
·anyhow“无论如何；即使这样”，相当于anyway。
·somewhat意为“稍微，有点，有几分”，说明程度相当于a little, rather，它只能修饰形容词或副词。
Somehow in the midnight I heard some strange sounds outside the main door.不知怎么地，半夜里我听到大门外面有些奇怪的声音。
The water was cold but I took a shower anyway．
水很冷，不过我还是冲了个淋浴。
Anyway, let's forget about that for the moment.
咱们无论如何暂时不要再提这件事。
He walked away somewhat hastily.
他颇为匆忙地走了。
[拓展]
anyhow (＝anyway)不管怎样；无论如何
He told me not to make such a fortune, but I did anyhow/anyway．
他告诉我不要发这笔财，但不管怎样，我还是做了。
[即学即练] 选词填空：somehow/anyhow/anyway
①________ he tells these stories without a note of horror.
②________ we lost our way in the forest.
③What a terrible experience! ________________， you're safe now—that's the main thing.
④I am afraid we can't come, but thanks for your invitation ________．
单句语法填空
⑤Somehow ________ other, Tom and his deskmate seemed to be always quarrelling.
Somehow
Somehow
Anyhow/Anyway
anyhow/anyway
or
3)slightly adv.略微，稍微)
(教材原句)Her hand was slightly shaky, but she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole” on the envelope.
她的手有点发抖，但她在信封上写上了“圣诞老人，北极”。
(1)slightly upset/worried 有点难过/有点担心
a slightly different version 略有不同的版本
be slightly injured 受了轻伤
a slightly built person 身材瘦小的人
a slightly different colour 略微不同的一种颜色
slightly better/higher/lower/larger 稍好/高/低/大
know sb. slightly 对某人略有所知
(2)a slight chance 可能性不大
a slight increase/change/difference 略微的增长/变化/差异
not the slightest chance/doubt/difference 没有一点儿机会/怀疑/差别
not in the slightest (口语)毫不，一点也不
His family then moved to a slightly larger house.
他家后来搬到了一座稍微大一点儿的房子。
Each person learns in a slightly different way.
每个人学习的方式都略有不同。
I woke up with a slight headache.
我醒来时有点头痛。
The damage was slight.
损失很小。
That doesn't interest me in the slightest.
那事儿一点也勾不起我的兴趣。
[拓展] slight adj.轻微的，略微的；细小的，纤细的，瘦小的；无须重视的，不足道的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That much carbon is ________ (slight) larger than the total amount put out by that country.
②It was fortunate for him to only get ________ (slight) injured in the car accident.
③He doesn't want to go out ________ the slightest at weekends, let alone on workdays.
④The girl was smaller and ________ (slight) than I had imagined.
⑤A wise mother never exposes her children to the ________ (slight) possibility of danger.
⑥I have to say it doesn't bother me in ________ slightest. As you know, I am willing to help you.
slightly
slightly
in
slighter
slightest
the
4)patience n．耐心；耐力；毅力；坚忍，恒心 impatience n．不耐烦)
(教材原句)Granny had the patience to sing it over and over again.
奶奶耐心地一遍又一遍地唱。
with patience (＝patiently) 耐心地
lose/run out of patience (with...) (对……)失去耐心
have no/little patience with... 不能容忍……；对……没耐心
have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
be out of patience with... 对……失去耐心
The expert explained the case to us with patience.
专家耐心地向我们解释了情况。
People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform.
人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。
My patience is wearing thin.
我要忍耐不住了。
I have run out of patience with her.
我对她已失去耐性。
She has little patience with such views.
她很难接受这类观点。
[拓展]
(1)patient adj.有耐心的，能忍耐的 n．病人
be patient with对……有耐心
She's very patient with young children.
她对幼儿特别有耐心。
A number of patients have been successfully cured with the new drug.
许多病人已经成功地被这种新药治愈了。
(2)patiently adv.耐心地
There was a queue of people waiting patiently for the bus to arrive．
有一群人在耐心地等待公共汽车的到来。
(3)impatient adj.不耐烦的；急于
be impatient with对……不耐烦
Try not to be impatient with her.尽量别对她没耐心。
(4)impatiently adv.不耐烦地
“Yes, you said that before，” she said impatiently．
“是的，你以前说过，”她不耐烦地说。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mr Gao is a good teacher, but he has little ________ (patient) with the pupils in his class.
②Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out ________ patience.
③The nurse is very patient ________ her patients.
④I'm ________ patient of Dr Yang. Could I make a date to see her, please
patience
with
with
a
⑤The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her ________ (patient).
⑥The crowd waited ________ (patient) in a line for the doors to open.
⑦As time went on he grew more and more ________ (patient).
⑧Tom lay awake and waited, in restless ________ (patience).
⑨He speaks proudly of his record and ________ (impatient) rejects the constant criticisms of his company.
patients
patiently
impatient
impatience
impatiently
5)branch n．树枝；支流；政府部门；(学科及语言的)分支；分店)
(教材原句)I hung most of the decorations on the branches.
我把大部分装饰都挂在树枝上。
bare/flowering branches 光秃秃的/开满花的树枝
a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流
a branch line/office 铁路支线/分公司
all branches of government 所有政府部门
open a branch 开一家分店
our branch manager 我们的分公司经理
The branch she was standing on must have broken off.
她踩着的那根树枝一定折断了。
After the storm, the ground was covered with branches.
暴风雨过后，地上布满了树枝。
This branch of the river eventually flows into the Atlantic.
这条河的这条支流最终汇入大西洋。
Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.
我们的纽约分部正在处理这件事情。
The bank has three branches in the city.
这家银行在本市有三家分行。
[即学即练] 写出句中branch的含义
①They're thinking of setting up a branch here.________
②They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.________
③All branches of the government are having to cut costs.________
④He majors in a branch of computer science known as “artificial intelligence”．________
单句语法填空
⑤He was driving his car at a high speed when ________ branch shot across the window.
⑥Yesterday he cut off the upper ________ (branch) of the big tree in front of the door.
分店
树枝
(政府)部门
(学科及语言的)分支
a
branches
6)behaviour n．行为，举止，态度；活动方式，表现方式 behave vi.表现 vt.(oneself)表现得体，有礼貌)
(教材原句)I was on my best behaviour as we opened the presents.拆礼物时，我表现得特别好。
(1)on one's best behaviour
以最好的方式表现自己；举止规矩，行为检点
good/bad behaviour 良好/恶劣行为
one's behaviour towards... 某人对……的行为
study human behaviour 研究人类的行为模式
rude/improper behaviour 粗鲁的/不恰当的行为
social behaviour 社会行为
(2)behave oneself 表现得体；有礼貌
behave well/badly 表现好/不好
behave strangely 举止怪异
behave like... 表现得像……
behave well/badly towards... 对待……态度好/恶劣
well/badly behaved children 表现好/差的孩子们
Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded.
确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。
He was regretful about his behaviour.
他对自己的行为感到后悔。
Charles was on his good behaviour throughout the interview.
整个会见过程查尔斯表现出良好的行为举止。
They behaved very badly towards their guests.
他们对客人们很不礼貌。
She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
当她的姑姑来访时，她总是表现得很好。
He behaved like a true gentleman.他的行为像个真正的绅士。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得像是什么都没发生过。
[语境助记]
I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away.
我不在家时你们要乖乖的。
Many cyclists behave dangerously.
许多骑自行车的人行为危险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Listening is thus an active, not a passive ________ (behave) consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
②He told his pupils to behave __________ (they) and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
③His mother often punished him in his childhood because he behaved ________ (bad).
④They felt a sense of achievement, because their children all behaved ________ (good).
⑤The audience was surprisingly well ________ (behave), which made the host smile in relief.
⑥These ________ (behave) can be observed among many children who have lost a parent or other loved one.
behaviour
themselves
badly
well
behaved
behaviours
7)whisper vi.& vt.低声说，低语；私下说 n．耳语(声)，低语；轻柔的声音；传言)
(教材原句)“I have something special for you，” Granny whispered.“我有一个特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。
(1)whisper about sth. 密谈某事；低声说……
whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth. in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
whisper to sb. that... 低声对某人说……
It is whispered that... 有人私下里说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers 低声地
Don't you know it's rude to whisper
难道你不知道窃窃私语是不礼貌的吗？
What are you two whispering about
你们两人在低声说些什么？
She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
她探过身去附耳跟他说了些什么。
He whispered to me that he was afraid.
他低声对我说害怕。
It was whispered that he would soon die and he did.
有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然死了。
Girls were talking in whispers in every office.
女孩们在每个办公室里悄声交谈着。
I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．
我知道我会低声对自己说两个简单的词“Be yourself”。
Her voice dropped to a whisper.她压低声音小声说话。
I've heard whispers that he's leaving.我听人说他要走。
【10】I could hear the whisper of the sea.我听见大海在轻声诉说。
[误区提醒]
whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whisper sth. to sb.＝whisper to sb. sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Colonel bowed his head and ________ (whisper) a prayer of Thanksgiving.
②He waited for his mother ________ (whisper) something about how they might need to find another restaurant, but she said nothing.
③I heard them ________ (whisper), but I pretended not to hear them.
④Mike whispered ________ me that he made a new discovery.
⑤“I was to star in a film，” she whispered ________ my ear.
whispered
to whisper
whispering
to
in
⑥It ________ (whisper) that he shouldn't serve as an experiment volunteer although he is eager to learn science.
⑦“Where are you going？” he asked ________ a whisper.
⑧They spoke in ________ (whisper) for fear that they should be heard.
完成句子
⑨________________ (据私下传闻) he is heavily in debt.
is whispered
in
whispers
It is whispered that
8)merry adj.快乐的 merrily adv.高兴地，愉快地；自顾自地，毫无顾忌地)
(教材原句)Merry Christmas.圣诞快乐。
a merry dance 欢乐的舞蹈
a merry smile 愉快的微笑
a merry laughter 欢乐的笑声
live a merry life 过着愉快的生活
wish sb. a merry Christmas 祝某人圣诞快乐
the more the merrier (东西)多多益善；(人)越多越热闹
Merry Christmas to you！祝你圣诞快乐！
There is a merry smile on her face.她脸上露出愉快的微笑。
He is in a very merry mood today.他今天心情极为愉快。
The young men were chatting merrily among themselves.
年轻人彼此间在愉快地闲谈。
They sang and danced merrily and had a merry Christmas.
他们欢快地唱歌跳舞，度过了一个欢乐的圣诞节。
[语境助记]
A merry little bird was singing on a tree, but nothing more.
一只快乐的小鸟在一棵树上歌唱，仅此而已。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My wife and I would like to wish you ________ merry Christmas.
②When it grew dark, a number of coloured lamps were lit, and the sailors danced ________ (merry) on the deck.
完成句子
③It was said that during that time every family in that village was ________________ (过着快乐的生活).
a
merrily
living a merry life
9)wave vi.& vt.挥手；招手 n．挥手；波浪)
(教材原句)“Come outside, Granny，” I called, but she just waved.“到外面来，奶奶，”我叫她，但她只是挥了挥手。
(1)vi.& vt.挥手，招手；挥手示意 vt.挥舞，挥动 vi.飘扬，起伏
wave a hand towards/at... 向……挥手
wave at/to/towards sb. 向某人挥手/招手
wave goodbye to sb. (＝wave sb.goodbye) 向某人挥手道别
wave sb. off 挥手送别
wave sth. aside/away... 对……置之不理
wave sb./sth. through 挥手让……通过
(2)n.海浪，波浪，波涛；挥手，挥臂，招手；汹涌的行动(或思想)态势，心潮，风潮；波
give sb. a wave 向某人挥手
radio/sound waves 无线电波/声波
a wave of fear 一阵恐惧
The people on the bus waved and we waved back.
公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。
My mother was crying as I waved her goodbye.
我向母亲挥手告别时她哭了。
“He's over there，” said Ali, waving a hand towards/at some trees.
“他在那儿。”阿里说着朝几棵树挥了挥手。
I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved me through.
我向保安出示了通行证，他挥手让我通过。
Why did you wave at/to/towards him
你为什么向他挥手？
The expert came into the hall, waving his hand to greet us.
那位专家走进大厅，向我们挥手致意。
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.
巨浪拍打着海岸。
She declined the offer with a wave of her hand.
她摆了摆手谢绝了这一提议。
He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.
公共汽车开走时他向我们挥了挥手。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I waved ________ him from the window but he didn't see me.
②I was ________ (wave) my hand like mad but he never once looked in my direction.
③She was so annoyed that she wouldn't even wave goodbye ________ us.
④Hospital workers were outside to welcome him, ________ (wave) flags and smiling at him.
⑤He kept on ________ (wave) at them until they were out of sight.
at/to
waving
to
waving
waving
⑥As soon as we showed our papers as reporters, the policeman ________ (wave) us in.
⑦________ wave of sympathy for her swept Ireland.
⑧In particular, the teacher explained all sorts of ________ (wave) of light and sound to me.
⑨The country was swept by a wave ________ protest.
⑩He would always turn and give us ________ wave at the end of the street.
waved
A
waves
of
a
10)affair n．事件；事情；公共事务，政治事务；[pl.]私人业务)
(教材原句)Lunch was late, but it was a loud and exciting affair.
午餐晚了，但这是一件既欢闹又令人兴奋的大事。
current affairs 时事
financial affairs 财务
affairs of state 国事
private affairs 私事
national/international affairs 国家/国际事务
world/international/foreign affairs 世界/国际/外交事务
an expert on foreign affairs 外事专家
The newspapers reported the whole affair wildly.
报纸对整个事件作了疯狂的报道。
I looked after my father's financial affairs.我照管父亲的财务。
[比较] affair和business
在作“事务”讲时，这两个词的意义很接近，常可通用。例如：
Mind your own affairs (business).少管闲事。
It's a sorry affair (business).事情(或东西)很糟糕。
Each Ministry of Foreign Affairs lodged a protest with the other.双方外交部对对方外交部提了抗议。(不能用business；同样international affairs国际事务，不能说international business)
Let's get down to business.让我们谈正事吧！
Business before pleasure.先办正事，再谈娱乐。(正事比娱乐要紧)(在做“正事”讲，与“娱乐”、“消遣”对比时，应说business，不能说affair)
[注意]
(1)Business不能用复数，而affair特别指重大或头绪较多的事务时，常需要用复数。在下面的句子里，这两个词不通用。
(2)Business作“行业”讲时，不能用affair代替，如：
He is in the wine business.他经营酒业。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She organises her work ________ (affair) very quickly.
②She wanted the celebration to be ________ simple family affair.
完成句子
③In a brief statement, he concentrated entirely on ________________ (国际事务).
affairs
a
international affairs
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)move in搬来(和某人)一起居住；搬进新居(不及物动词短语))
(教材原句)That was also the day Granny moved in.
那天也是奶奶搬进来的日子。
move into 搬进新居(及物动词短语)
move out 搬出去
move off 启动；离开
move on (to sth.) 开始做(别的事)；换话题；继续前行
move about 四处走动
move over (为让出地方)挪到那头(那边)；让位
move up ①向上/向前移动；让位子；②晋升；(被)提升；③(使)开赴前线/战场
Her house was in perfect order when she moved in.
她搬进来时，屋子里井井有条。
The place needed a good spring clean before we could move in.
那地方得来个大扫除，然后我们才能搬进去。
When are you moving in？
你什么时候搬新家？
Having done many years of school teaching, I felt that it was time to move on into college or university work.
我在中学教学已有多年，感到该调到学院或大学去干工作了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Now that we have decorated the house, we can move ________．
②The idea of having to sell their home and move ________ a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.
③The noise around this house had become too much to tolerate and he decided to move ________．
④For some reason, he chose to move ________ this stage.
⑤Can you move on ________ another subject？
in
into
out
off
to
2)over and over再三地，重复地)
think the matter over and over 再三考虑这件事
“重复地，再三地”的多种表达法：time and time again/time and again/over and over again/again and again/time after time
The journalists asked her the same question over and over.
记者们反复地问她同一个问题。
I lay awake all night, turning the problem over and over in my mind.我一夜没睡着，反复思索这个问题。
I've told you over and over again not to do that.
我一再跟你讲不要再那么做。
[特别提醒] over and over与over and over again意思一样，只不过over and over again语气更强烈一些。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This happened over ________ over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs (苍耳子).
②You'll need to practise the specific skills again and ________．
③They inquired about the matter time ________ again.
④You will get a perfect result time ________ time if you follow these directions.
and
again
and
after
3)pass away去世；消失)
(教材原句)A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed away.
圣诞节后的几个星期，奶奶去世了。
pass by 路过，经过(……旁边)
pass...on to... 把……传递给……
pass out 失去知觉
pass off (以某种方式)发生并完成
pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充为……
pass sth. down 使世代相传；流传下去
pass up 放弃，不要(机会等)
She's terribly upset because her father passed away last week.
她非常难过，因为她父亲上周去世了。
It was the first time that I found life could so easily pass away.
那是我第一次发现原来生命可以这样容易地逝去。
Spring comes after the cold winter. Winter will pass away to welcome the sunshine in spring.
春天到来之前是严冬，但严冬一定会过去，迎来阳光明媚的春天。
If there is a new illness, some animals may survive and pass on the ability entirely to resist that disease to the next generation.
如果有某种新的疾病，一些动物可能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力完全传给下一代。
[说明] 人们常用“离别了”(to depart), “离开了我们”(to leave us)等委婉说法来替代说某人“死了”(to die)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The famous expert passed ________ at the age of ninety.
②Mrs Sesemann had noticed the child's unhappiness, but let a few days pass ________， hoping for a change.
③The girl passed herself ________ as a well known film star.
④The tradition has been passed ________ from generation to generation.
⑤I am grateful for the knowledge they all passed on ________ me.
away
by
off
down
to
4)no longer不再(＝not...any longer))
(教材原句)Mum gave the letter back to me some years ago when I no longer believed in Father Christmas.
几年前我不再相信圣诞老人的存在时，妈妈就把信还给了我。
This type of behaviour is no longer socially acceptable.
这种行为在社交中已不再合适。
I'm not standing for it any longer.
这种事我再也不能容忍了。
[区分] no longer和no more
(1)no longer中的longer是long的比较级，着重表示时间的不再延续，意为“不再”。no longer等于not...any longer。
Annie no longer lives here.
安妮不再住在这儿了。
(2)no more中的more是many/much的比较级， more有again之意， no more着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。no more等于not...any more。
Not wishing to annoy her further, he said no more.
他不愿惹她更生气，便不再说话。
Now she wasn't afraid any more.
现在她再也不害怕了。
(3)no longer通常放在行为动词前， be动词的后面； no more通常置于行为动词之后。
She is no longer a music lover.
她不再是一个音乐爱好者了。
Time or opportunity lost will return no more.
机不可失，时不再来。
(4)两者都可用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。当no more作“不再有，不再存在”时，还可作定语和宾语。
I have no more (things) to say.
我没有什么要说的(事情)了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①But opponents are no ________ (long) willing to wait.
②Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their 80s, they were ________ longer able to care for themselves very well.
③At that second beating, Pinocchio became very quiet and said no ________ (much).
④He tried it; but in the darkness the distant echoes sounded so terrible that he didn't try it ________ more.
longer
no
more
any
完成句子
⑤Later when they are far away from the earth and there is ________________ (不再有地球引力) they find they are unable to stay in one place.
⑥I finally came to know that I could
__________________________________________ (不能再忽视这个事实) that he was deeply unhappy.
no more gravity
no longer ignore the fact/ignore the fact no more
5)believe in相信(某人)；相信……是好的/真的)
believe in yourself 相信自己
believe it or not 信不信由你
believe sb. to be 相信某人是……
Sb. is believed to be... 某人被认为是……
It is believed that...(＝People believe that...) 人们相信/认为……
I believe in you, so I believe what you said. After all, it's you who give me so much inspiration.
我信任你，因此我相信你说的话。毕竟，是你给了我如此多的灵感。
He believed in the children being taught through the translation method.
他认为确有孩子在接受那种翻译法的教学。
Some of his supporters have stopped believing in him.
他的一些支持者都不再信任他了。
He believes in taking plenty of exercise.
他相信要做足量的锻炼。
[比较] believe in与believe
believe in...表示因可靠、有某种能力、品德高尚等原因而“相信，信任”某人或某种理论等，属于总的评价；而动词believe只表示相信某人所说的话，并不涉及对其总的评价。如：
I believe him.我相信他。(他说的话)
I believe in him.我信任他。(不仅是相信他说的话)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is believed that taking exercise regularly can strengthen our immune system.
完成句子
②In a job interview, you should let the employer know that you ____________________ (很自信) and that you know your _____________________ (强项与弱点).
③The film ________________ (被认为) instructive and full of emotion.
It
believe in yourself
strengths and weaknesses
is believed to be
(6)catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
keep an eye on 照看，照料
keep one's eyes on 注视；关注
keep an eye open/out (for) 密切注意，提防
have an eye for 对……有鉴赏力
in one's eyes 在某人眼里，依某人看
close/shut one's eyes to 对……视而不见
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
I remember catching her eye through the window.
我记得当时从窗户里看到她的眼睛。
A sudden movement caught my eye.
一个突然的动作引起了我的注意。
I tried to catch the waiter's eye, so we could order.
我试图引起服务员的注意，这样我们就可以点菜了。
It was the unusual colour of his jacket that caught my eye.
是他夹克不寻常的颜色引起了我的注意。
A postcard, a present from my grandfather, would likely catch one's eye.
一张明信片，来自我祖父的礼物，可能会引起某人的注意。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jenna caught her ________ (father) eye and they winked at each other secretly.
②He stood still, keeping his eyes ________ the flowers in the garden.
③The lady walked around the shop, keeping an eye out ________ bargains.
④The woman has an eye ________ a bargain, so she often buys better items with less money.
⑤We should not close our eyes ________ the current situation of waste on campus.
⑥He looked her ________ the eye and didn't say a word.
father's
on
for
for
to
in
7)come to mind (突然)想起来；浮现在脑海中)
(教材原句)When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，脑海中浮现的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。
(1)come to 总计，达到(某一总数或某种状态/状况)
come to life 活跃起来；苏醒过来
come to oneself 苏醒过来
come to light 被发现；被知晓
come to sb. 来到某人面前；某人想起
come to one's mind 某人想起；浮现在某人脑海
(2)When it comes to... 当谈到……
When it comes to getting things done, he's useless.
一谈到做事，他便不中用了。
As I was arranging the details, another poem came to mind.
在我安排这些细节时，另外一首诗浮现在脑海中。
Although I know it well, the name just won't come to mind.
尽管我对它很熟识，但就是记不起名字来了。
The moment the champion appeared on the stage, the hall came to life.
冠军一出现在舞台上，大厅就活跃起来。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①How much does the bill ________________ (总计/总共).
②After much talk we ________________ (达成) an agreement.
③At last the name of the book __________________ (出现在我的脑海).
④________________ (谈到) music, James is an expert.
⑤When discussing influential artists, three names immediately _______ (出现在脑海中).
⑥The dull play really __________ (变得生动有趣) in the performance by these young people.
come to
came to
came to my mind
when it comes to
came to mind
came to life
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)强调句型)
(教材原句)．..it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.……我想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。
句式分析 本句为强调句型，强调句子主语not just gifts and Father Christmas。
(1)基本结构： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。强调的是人时，连接词也可以用who。
It was at the class meeting yesterday that we elected him monitor.
我们是在昨天的班会上选他当班长的。
It was him that/who we elected monitor at the class meeting yesterday.昨天班会上我们选的他当班长。
(2)句式变化：
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
Is it Peter that is to take part in the city sports meeting
是彼得要参加市运动会吗？
Where was it that the 29th Summer Olympic Games took place
第29届夏季奥运会是在哪里举行的？
Who was it that broke out the window？是谁把窗户打破的？
What is it that you want me to do？你想让我做的是什么？
How was it that you succeed？你是怎么成功的？
Why is it that smoking isn't allowed here？为什么这里不允许吸烟？
(3)not...until...句型的强调句句型： It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他．。
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到接近信的结尾处，她才提到自己的计划。
(4)判断依据：将句中的“It is/was...that...”结构去掉，若句子依然完整则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。
It was at 5 o'clock that he got up yesterday.
昨天他是五点钟起床的。(强调句)
It was 5 o'clock when he got up yesterday.
昨天他起床时是五点钟。(时间状语从句)
(5)谓语动词：强调主语时根据主语判断谓语动词的形式。
It is you that are wrong.是你错了。
It is I who am answering the question.是我在回答这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was the sense of failure ________ made him decide to succeed in his new life.
②You are waiting at a wrong place. ________ is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
③Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognised.
④It was Susan ________ I came across yesterday in the studio.
⑤It was in 1921 ________ our Party was founded.
⑥It was 1921 ________ our Party was founded.
⑦It was on the farm ________ we practised planting crops.
⑧It was the farm ________ we learned a lot.
that
It
that
that/who
that
when
that
where
⑨It is a wonder ________ the wounded soldier is still alive.
⑩It was not until they had finished the project ________ they returned home.
Was it in the library ________ he often went to do some reading ________ he met the pretty girl
It is watching TV every day that ________ (be) making her eyesight fail.
It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—________ he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane！
that
that
where
that
is
that
2)定语从句中关系代词的省略)
(教材原句)I still remember the last Christmas Granny spent with us.
我仍记得奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。
句式分析
定语从句中的关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which, that和as。在以下情况中，关系代词可以省略：
(1)当who, whom, which, that在限制性定语从句中作动词的宾语或作位于从句句末的介词的宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。
I will never forget the editor (who/whom/that) I met yesterday.
我永远忘不了昨天遇见的那位编辑。
The holiday (that/which) we are all looking forward to is coming soon.
我们都期待的那个假期很快就要来了。
China is not the country (that) it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。
Books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.
书是知识的源泉，我从中受益良多。
[易错警示]
若关系代词直接放在介词后作宾语，则关系代词不可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The man with ________ I shook hands is a famous writer.
②The city ________ you live in is beautiful.
③The book ________ you lent to me is interesting.
④Zhang Hua is the only one of the pupils ________ gets full marks.
⑤We should treasure the days ________ we spent together with our parents.
whom
which/that
which/that
who
which/that
The children were excited about opening their presents.
孩子们对拆礼物感到兴奋不已。
The mother is worried that her son gets hurt.
这位母亲担心她儿子受伤。
I'm happy that my 80 year old grandma has learned how to download things from the Internet.
我很高兴我80岁的奶奶学会了如何从网上下载东西。
We are all disappointed that he gave up the competition.
他放弃了比赛，我们都很失望。
[特别提醒]
在上面的句子结构中，情绪类形容词后的介词短语或从句，往往表示造成某种情绪的原因。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We're all pleased ___________ we have once again overcome the difficulty.
②The teacher was worried ________ her daughter could not pass the final exam.
③We are all concerned ________ his safety.
④I'm very satisfied ________ her progress in studying English.
⑤We feel ashamed ________ his mistake.
that
that
about
with
of
4)whenever引导时间状语从句)
(教材原句)Now, whenever the writer makes sugar biscuits, her grandma comes to mind.现在，每当作者做糖饼干时，她奶奶就浮现在脑海中。
句式分析 whenever引导时间状语从句时，相当于加强语气的when(即相当于every time when)。例：
Whenever he comes to Beijing, he never fails to call on me.
他每次来北京都来看我。
在引导让步状语从句时，wh ever常可以和no matter wh -互换。
Whenever you come, you are welcome.
无论你何时来，都欢迎你。(从句可改写为：No matter when you come)
I'll be with you wherever you go.无论你走到哪里，我都陪伴着你。(从句可改写为no matter where you go)
I'll finish the work however late it is.无论多晚我都得完成这项工作。(从句可改写为no matter how late it is)
Whichever side wins, I'll be happy.无论哪一方获胜，我都高兴。
(从句可改写为No matter which side wins)
Whoever (No matter who) did it, I didn't.
不管这事是谁干的，反正我没干。
We are determined to fulfil the task, whatever (no matter what) happens.不管出了什么事，我们决心完成任务。
Whichever (No matter which) book you borrow, you must return it in a week.你无论借哪本书，都必须一周内归还。
Whenever (No matter when) you come back, don't wake me up.不管你什么时候回来，都不要吵醒我。
He carries a book in his pocket, wherever (no matter where) he goes.他不管去哪里，口袋里都装着一本书。
[10] However (No matter how) late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。
[11] Whomever (No matter whom) you invite, I will not go.
我不管你邀请谁，我都不会去。
[注意]
whoever, whatever和whichever是连接代词，既可以引导状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。它们引导状语从句时，可以用no matter who/what/which来代替，引导名词性从句时，只能用wh ever形式。
试比较：
If someone breaks the law, he will be punished, whoever he is．
如果有人犯了法就该受惩罚，不管他是谁。
(从句可改为no matter who he is。)
Please give the money to whoever needs it most．
请把钱给最需要的人吧。
(本句是宾语从句，意为“凡是……的人”，其功能相当于anyone who，所以从句可改写为．..anyone who needs it most。)
Whatever difficulty I may meet, I'll never give up.
无论遇到什么困难，我都不会放弃。
(whatever此时引导让步状语从句，可改写为no matter what。)
Whatever you said is right.你所说的话都是对的。
(whatever引导主语从句，意为“凡是……”，语气比what强。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
②________ tough the problem is, we can solve it with patience.
③Once you have made up your mind, don't give up ________ challenges you will meet with.
④________ I suggest, he always disagree.
⑤The old tower must be saved, ________ the cost is.
Whenever
However
whatever
Whatever
whatever
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The athlete answered all the host's questions with ________ (耐心).
2．The ________ (树枝) of the trees are swaying in the wind.
3．My dad and I spent the night in the guest room in the rural area listening to the frogs and water ________ (滚动) down the river nearby.
4．After drinking some water and having some snacks, he felt ________ (稍微) better.
5．Nicole just ________ (搬) from Hawaii, so we're glad that she's here.
patience
branches
rolling
slightly
moved
Ⅱ.短语填空
in memory of, move on, believe in, lose patience with, over and over, behave oneself, in whispers, catch one's eye
1．My sister volunteered to write an article ____________ those who devoted themselves to the cause of China's revolution.
2．The moment a badly injured bird ____________， we came to help.
3．I really did what I ____________ and did not let myself down.
4．I ________________ him and had no idea how to deal with him.
in memory of
caught our eye
believed in
lost patience with
5．The only way to learn the lines by heart is to say them to yourself ____________， which, of course, occupies time.
6．Tom regularly asked his father to take him to his grandpa's and promised to ____________．
7．The two natives began talking ____________ to avoid others hearing what they were saying.
8．Let's ____________ to the Ocean Park to watch various marine organisms (海洋生物).
over and over
behave himself
in whispers
move on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．In our office anyone caught ________ (quit) that project halfway will be punished.
2．The cartoon character spoke rapidly, ________ (wave) his arms about.
3．The bird watchers' ________ (behave) shows that they care only about the names of birds.
4．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
quitting
waving
behaviour
that
5．It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
6．These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) ________ (slight) lower.
7．After all, Forced Waiting requires ________ (patient).
that
slightly
patience
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He unfortunately ________________ (去世) last year.
2．Such kind of school breaks away from the traditional methods of teaching, so it ________________ (吸引学生们的注意).
3．At last, I will be living independently, but I still want to have my parents to turn to __________________ (任何我需要帮助的时候).
4．She, with expectant expression on her face, asked Ann if she could ________________ (照看一下) the dog.
passed away
catches students' eye
whenever I need help
keep an eye on
5．Thus, its box office income will probably enjoy ________________ (略有增长).
6．The expert, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, ________________ (低声表示支持).
7．The president ____________ (向……挥手) the crowd from the steps of the plane.
8．When an attractive beauty reads poems ________________ (为了纪念) the poet, everyone holds their breath.
a slight increase
whispering support
waved at
in memory of
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他们挥手再见，并期盼着早日团聚。
(wave goodbye, look forward to)
_________________________________________________________
2．这位老师给出了如何教导孩子举止得体的建议。
(tip, behave oneself)
_________________________________________________________
3．我们青少年应该对未知的事物多一点耐心。
(teenagers, ought to, have patience with)
_________________________________________________________
They waved goodbye and looked forward to getting reunited soon.
The teacher gave tips on how to educate children to behave themselves.
We teenagers ought to have more patience with the unknown.
4．换句话说，这些孩子们是通过反复倾听童话故事来获取知识的。
(in other words, over and over)
_________________________________________________________
5．重要的不是你怎么说而是你怎么做。
(matter, rather than, it is＋被强调成分＋that＋句子其他成分)
_________________________________________________________
6．无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。
(however/no matter, have dinner)
_________________________________________________________
In other words, these children get knowledge by listening to fairy tales over and over.
It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
No matter how/However late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.Section D Lesson 3 Memories of Christmas
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ vi.& vt. 低声说，低语 n. 耳语，低语
2．________________ vt. 使成筒形(球形) n.一卷；面包卷
3．________________ vi.& vt. 挥手；招手 n.挥手；波浪
4．________________ vi.& vt. 吞下，咽下 n.咽，吞；(鸟)燕子
5．________________ vt. 给……填馅；填，塞
6．________________ n. 树枝
7．________________ n. 盘；碟
8．________________ n. 信封
9．________________ n. 地极，北/南极
10．________________ n. 事件
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．memory n．记忆，回忆→________ adj.难忘的；值得纪念的
2．slight adj.略微的→________ adv.略微，稍微
3．frost n．严寒天气；霜冻→________ adj.严寒的
4．patient adj.有耐心的 n．病人→________ n．耐心；耐力
5．behave v．表现；表现得体→________ n．行为，举止
6．merry adj.快乐的→________ adv.快乐地
7．ball n．球；球形的东西；舞会→________ n．芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演→________ n．(氢)气球 v．(使)鼓起；(使)激增
8．stock n．储存品；存货；(树)干，(灌木的)主干 vt.储存→________ n．长筒袜
9．wed vt.嫁给；娶；结婚→________ n．婚礼；结婚庆典
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．such a memorable Christmas ________________
2．on a cold, windy day ________________
3．be a mess ________________
4．move in ________________
5．make an effort ________________
6．Merry Christmas. ________________
7．Happy New Year. ________________
8．make a snowman ________________
9．a music box with a ballet dancer inside ________________
10．catch sb.'s eye ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 再三地，重复地
2．________________ 就座
3．________________ 竖起，搭起
4．________________ 睡着
5．________________ 尽量表现得体
6．________________ 戴上，穿上
7．________________ 掉落
8．________________ 去世
9．________________ 不再
10．________________ 相信……的存在
11．________________ 想起
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What does the word “it” in “...maybe she hid it too well...” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Christmas Day.
B.White hair.
C.Windy day.
D.Being ill.
2．What did Granny do before Christmas Day
A.She helped the writer write to Father Christmas.
B.She prepared lights, cards and snowmen for the writer.
C.She bought various delicious food for the family.
D.She taught the writer Christmas songs.
3．What gift did the writer get on Christmas Day
A.A Christmas tree.
B.New stockings.
C.Some treasures.
D.A music box.
4．Why does the writer always make a G shape biscuit
A.To show her talent.
B.To honour her granny.
C.To show she is a responsible person.
D.To advertise her special biscuit.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It was a 1.________ (wind) November day when Granny came. Somehow, I didn't know she was sick.
She spent most of her time on the sofa by the fire. 2.________ I wrote a letter to Father Christmas, Granny tried to help me.
In December, 3.________ (we) excitement grew each day. Granny and I made sugar biscuits and we sang Christmas songs. 4.________ Christmas Eve, we put a stocking at the end of my bed. I remember Granny 5.________ (sit) on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleep.
My stocking was full of gifts the next morning, and there were 6.________ (present) under the tree. I was on my best 7.________ (behave) as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me over. “I have something special for you，” she 8.________ (whisper).
Before long she passed away. I think of her often though, 9.________ (especial) at Christmas. Now I'm the one 10.________ makes sugar biscuits each year, and I always make one in a G shape—G for Granny.
[词汇注释]
①be a mess乱成一团
②move in搬来(和某人)一起居住
③somehow/'s mha /adv.
不知怎的；不知为什么
④on the way即将到来
⑤make an effort to do sth.努力做某事
⑥slightly/'slaItli/adv.略微，稍微
⑦shaky adj.颤抖的
⑧pole/p l/n.地极，北/南极
※the North Pole北极
⑨envelope/'env l p/n.信封
⑩stuff/st f/vt.给……填馅；填，塞
※stuff the turkey给火鸡填馅
lap/l p/n.大腿部
※sit on one's lap坐在某人的大腿上
frosty/'fr sti/adj.严寒的
patience/'peI ns/n.耐心；耐力
※have the patience to do sth.耐心地做某事
over and over再三地，重复地
eve/i v/n.前夕；前一天
※on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕
take a seat就座
by the fire在炉火旁
put up the Christmas tree立起圣诞树
hang vt.(hung, hung) 悬挂
branch/brɑ nt /n.树枝
[教材原文]
I still remember the last Christmas Granny spent with us.[1] It began in the middle of November on a cold, windy day. I remember the wind because Granny's grey hair was a mess① when she arrived. That was also the day Granny moved in②. Somehow③， at the time, I didn't know she was sick. Maybe I was too young, maybe she hid it too well, or maybe I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way④.
[1]省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰the last Christmas。
After Granny moved in, she spent most of her time on the brown sofa by the fire. Sometimes she was quiet, but she seemed happy. When I wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about the presents I wanted, Granny made an effort to⑤ help me. Her hand was slightly⑥ shaky⑦， but she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole⑧” on the envelope⑨.
In December, our excitement grew each day—lights appeared in the streets, Christmas cards arrived, and there was snow everywhere. Granny and I made sugar biscuits, stuffed⑩ the turkey and then I sat on my granny's lap and we sang Christmas songs. My favourite song was Frosty the Snowman and I loved the bit that went “Thumpety thump thump , thumpety thump thump, look at Frosty go！”[2] Granny had the patience to sing it over and over again.
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰the bit, that在从句中作主语。
On Christmas Eve ， Granny took a seat by the fire as we put up the Christmas tree . I hung most of the decorations on the branches .
“That's the most beautiful tree I've ever seen [3]，” Granny said.
[3]定语从句修饰tree，省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词that。
[汉语译文]
我仍记得奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。十一月中旬，寒冷多风的日子就来了。我记得那天的风，因为奶奶到达时她的灰头发乱作一团。那天也是奶奶搬进来的日子。不知为什么，那个时候我并未发现她病了。或许是因为我太小了，或许是她隐藏得太好了，或者可能是我对圣诞节的到来太兴奋了。
奶奶搬过来以后，大多数时间都待在炉火旁棕色的沙发上。有时她很安静，但她看起来很高兴。当我写信给圣诞老人，告诉他我想要的礼物时，奶奶尽力帮助我。她的手有点发抖，但她在信封上写上了“圣诞老人，北极”。
十二月，我们的兴奋感与日俱增——街道上灯火通明，圣诞贺卡来了，到处都是雪。奶奶和我做了糖饼干，填了火鸡，然后我坐在奶奶的腿上，我们一起唱圣诞歌。我最喜欢的歌是《雪人(雪孩子)》，我喜欢那伴随着“砰砰砰，砰砰砰砰，看弗罗斯蒂走！”的节拍。奶奶耐心地一遍又一遍地唱。
在平安夜，奶奶靠着炉火坐着，我们把圣诞树立起来。我把大部分装饰都挂在树枝上。
fill...with...用……装满……
plate/pleIt/n.盘；碟
※a plate of一盘/碟……
leave...out把……留在外面
stocking/'st kI /n.长筒袜
remember sb. doing sth.记得某人做过某事
※remember to do sth.记得要做某事
fall asleep睡着
be full of装满……
behaviour/bI'heIvj /n.行为，举止
※on one's best behaviour尽可能好地表现
call sb. over呼唤某人；召唤某人
something special特别的东西
※形容词修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词的后面。
whisper/'wIsp /vi.& vt.低声说，低语
merry/'meri/adj.快乐的
※Merry Christmas.圣诞快乐。
ballet/'b leI/n.芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演
roll/r l/vt.使成筒形(球形)n.一卷；面包卷
catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
wave/weIv/vi.& vt.挥手；招手
※wave to/at朝……挥手
affair/ 'fe /n.事件
put on戴上；穿上
followed by然后，接着是，跟随
swallow/'sw l /vi.& vt.吞下，咽下
the rest剩下的，余下的
fall off掉下来
pass away去世
※die的委婉说法。
no longer 不再
※no longer＝not...any longer
believe in相信……的存在
come to mind记起；想到
memory/'mem ri/n. 记忆，回忆,
Then she started singing, “Oh, Christmas tree, oh, Christmas tree, you fill my heart withB21 music...”
Before bed, Granny and I left a plateB22 of sugar biscuits outB23 for Father Christmas, and put a stockingB24 at the end of my bed. I remember Granny sittingB25 on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleepB26.
My stocking was full ofB27 small toys and sweets on Christmas morning, and there were presents under the tree. I was on my best behaviourB28 as we opened the presents. Later, Granny called me overB29.
“I have something specialB30 for you，” Granny whisperedB31. “It's for all your treasures. MerryB32 Christmas.”
It was a music box with a balletB33 dancer inside [4].
[4]with的复合结构(with＋名词＋adv.)作定语，修饰box。
After breakfast, Auntie Kath and my cousin David arrived. While Mum, Dad and Auntie Kath got lunch ready, David and I played outside. We raced around the garden and rolledB34 a big snowball to make a lovely snowman. Granny stayed inside by the fire. I remember catching her eyeB35 through the window.
“Come outside, Granny，” I called, but she just wavedB36.
Lunch was late, but it was a loud and exciting affairB37. We put onB38 silly paper hats and had a big turkey with potatoes, followed byB39 Christmas pudding. David put so much pudding in his mouth that he couldn't swallowB40.
“How's the pudding？” Granny asked.
“Mmmph, mmmph, mmmph，” said David.
Auntie Kath didn't think it was funny, but the restB41 of us did. Granny laughed so much that her paper hat fell offB42.
A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed awayB43. I think of her often though [5], especially at Christmas. Each
year, I take out the music box she gave me [6]. Inside I keep Granny's paper hat and the letter she helped me write that Christmas. Mum gave the letter back to me some years ago when I no longerB44 believed inB45 Father Christmas. When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mindB46. It's also my memoryB47 of Granny. Now I'm the one who makes sugar biscuits each year [7], and I always make one in a G shape—G for Granny.
[5]though是副词作状语，意为“然而，可是”，常用于句末，但不能位于句首。
[6]省略that/which的定语从句，修饰the music box。
[7]who(此处可用that替代)引导定语从句，修饰the one。
“那是我见过的最漂亮的树，”奶奶说。
然后她开始唱，“哦，圣诞树，哦，圣诞树，你用音乐填满我内心……”
睡觉前，奶奶和我为圣诞老人准备了一盘糖饼干，并在床头放了一只长袜。我记得奶奶坐在我的床上，轻声唱歌直到我睡着。
圣诞节早上，我的袜子里装满了小玩具和糖果，而且树下有礼物。拆礼物时，我表现得特别好。后来，奶奶叫我过来。
“我有一个特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。“为了保存你所有的财富。圣诞快乐。”
那是一个音乐盒，里面有个芭蕾舞演员。
早饭后，凯丝姑妈和我的堂弟大卫来了。当妈妈、爸爸和凯丝姑妈准备午饭时，我和大卫在外面玩。我们在花园里跑来跑去，滚了一个大雪球，做了一个可爱的雪人。奶奶待在炉火旁。我记得当时从窗户里看到她的眼睛。
“到外面来，奶奶，”我叫她，但她只是挥了挥手。
午餐晚了，但这是一件既欢闹又令人兴奋的大事。我们戴上傻傻的纸帽子，吃塞有土豆的大火鸡，随后又吃圣诞布丁。大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。
“布丁怎么样？”奶奶问。
“唔，唔，唔，”大卫说。
凯丝姑妈不觉得有趣，但我们其他人都觉得有趣。奶奶开怀大笑，她的纸帽子掉了下来。
圣诞节后的几个星期，奶奶去世了。不过我经常想起她，尤其是在圣诞节。每年，我都会拿出她给我的音乐盒。我把奶奶的纸帽子和她帮我写的那封圣诞信放在里面。几年前我不再相信有圣诞老人时，妈妈就把信还给了我。当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，我想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人，还有我对奶奶的回忆。现在的我每年都做糖饼干，我总是做一个G形的糖饼干——G代表奶奶。
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)memory n．[C]记忆，回忆；[C，U]记忆力，记性 memorise vt.记忆，记住)
(教材原句)MEMORIES OF CHRISTMAS圣诞节的回忆
have a good/bad memory (for...) (对……)记忆力好/差
in memory of sb. 为了纪念某人
to the memory of 为了纪念……
from memory 凭记忆
lose one's memory 失去记忆
memories of childhood＝childhood memories 童年的回忆
I have vivid memories of my grandparents.
我依然清楚地记得我的祖父母。
She set up an education fund in memory of her mother (＝in her mother's memory).
她为了纪念母亲而设立了一个教育基金。
I have a bad memory for names.我不善于记名字。
She can recite the whole poem from memory.她能背诵全诗。
He suffered loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
事故之后他有几个星期失去记忆。
If a teacher wrote something on the blackboard that had to be memorised, I'd memorise it then and there.
如果老师在黑板上面写下一些必须要记住的话，我会当堂记下。
[拓展] memorial adj.悼念的，纪念的 n．纪念物，纪念碑
memorial表示“为某人所立的纪念碑”时通常接介词to；表示“为悼念某人而写的文章”时通常接介词of；表示“在纪念仪式上”时，其前通常用介词at。
memorial hall纪念堂，纪念馆
Memorial Day n．(美国)阵亡将士纪念日(通常为五月底)
memorial service追悼会，追思礼拜
Lincoln Memorial林肯纪念堂
Memorial Park陵园；公墓
war memorial n．战争纪念碑
Chairman Mao memorial hall毛主席纪念堂
memorial tablet牌位
memorial meeting追悼会；纪念会
Memorial arch牌坊,[相关链接] in honour of为了向……表示敬意；为纪念……
in celebration of庆祝；为了庆祝
in favour of支持，赞同
in praise of歌颂
[比较] memorise和remember
memorise...＝learn...by heart记住/熟记……
remember...想得起，记得
Do you remember me？你还记得我吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He drew a picture of the thief ________ memory.
②She has an excellent memory ________ names, which helps her quite a lot in her work.
③________ memory of the late musician, he built this music studio.
④The Dragon Boat Festival is in ________ (memorise) of a Chinese poet, Qu Yuan.
⑤Kids jumped into a fishing port in ________ (celebrate) of the start of the island's Lantern Festival.
⑥He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour ________ the plan.
⑦She wrote poems in praise ________ the harmony between man and nature.
⑧Of course you have to learn a lot. And you have to ________ (memory) a lot of characters.
2)somehow adv.不知怎的，不知为什么；莫名其妙地)
(教材原句)Somehow, at the time, I didn't know she was sick.
不知为什么，那个时候我并未发现她病了。
somehow or other 想方设法；不知什么原因
Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him.
不知为什么，我觉得不能信任他。
She looked different somehow.不知怎的，她看上去变了。
I know what we're doing is legal, but somehow it doesn't feel right.我知道我们这样做是合法的，但不知为何我觉得不对。
Somehow or other, the baby burst into tears.
那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来。
[比较] somehow/anyhow/somewhat
·somehow“由于某种未知的原因”或“不管怎样”。
·anyhow“无论如何；即使这样”，相当于anyway。
·somewhat意为“稍微，有点，有几分”，说明程度相当于a little, rather，它只能修饰形容词或副词。
Somehow in the midnight I heard some strange sounds outside the main door.不知怎么地，半夜里我听到大门外面有些奇怪的声音。
The water was cold but I took a shower anyway．
水很冷，不过我还是冲了个淋浴。
Anyway, let's forget about that for the moment.
咱们无论如何暂时不要再提这件事。
He walked away somewhat hastily.
他颇为匆忙地走了。
[拓展] anyhow (＝anyway)不管怎样；无论如何
He told me not to make such a fortune, but I did anyhow/anyway．
他告诉我不要发这笔财，但不管怎样，我还是做了。
[即学即练] 选词填空：somehow/anyhow/anyway
①________ he tells these stories without a note of horror.
②________ we lost our way in the forest.
③What a terrible experience! ________， you're safe now—that's the main thing.
④I am afraid we can't come, but thanks for your invitation ________．
单句语法填空
⑤Somehow ________ other, Tom and his deskmate seemed to be always quarrelling.
3)slightly adv.略微，稍微)
(教材原句)Her hand was slightly shaky, but she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole” on the envelope.她的手有点发抖，但她在信封上写上了“圣诞老人，北极”。
(1)slightly upset/worried 有点难过/有点担心
a slightly different version 略有不同的版本
be slightly injured 受了轻伤
a slightly built person 身材瘦小的人
a slightly different colour 略微不同的一种颜色
slightly better/higher/lower/larger 稍好/高/低/大
know sb. slightly 对某人略有所知
(2)a slight chance 可能性不大
a slight increase/change/difference 略微的增长/变化/差异
not the slightest chance/doubt/difference 没有一点儿机会/怀疑/差别
not in the slightest (口语)毫不，一点也不
His family then moved to a slightly larger house.
他家后来搬到了一座稍微大一点儿的房子。
Each person learns in a slightly different way.
每个人学习的方式都略有不同。
I woke up with a slight headache.我醒来时有点头痛。
The damage was slight.损失很小。
That doesn't interest me in the slightest.
那事儿一点也勾不起我的兴趣。
[拓展] slight adj.轻微的，略微的；细小的，纤细的，瘦小的；无须重视的，不足道的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That much carbon is ________ (slight) larger than the total amount put out by that country.
②It was fortunate for him to only get ________ (slight) injured in the car accident.
③He doesn't want to go out ________ the slightest at weekends, let alone on workdays.
④The girl was smaller and ________ (slight) than I had imagined.
⑤A wise mother never exposes her children to the ________ (slight) possibility of danger.
⑥I have to say it doesn't bother me in ________ slightest. As you know, I am willing to help you.
4)patience n．耐心；耐力；毅力；坚忍，恒心 impatience n．不耐烦)
(教材原句)Granny had the patience to sing it over and over again.奶奶耐心地一遍又一遍地唱。
with patience (＝patiently) 耐心地
lose/run out of patience (with...) (对……)失去耐心
have no/little patience with... 不能容忍……；对……没耐心
have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
be out of patience with... 对……失去耐心
The expert explained the case to us with patience.
专家耐心地向我们解释了情况。
People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform.
人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。
My patience is wearing thin.我要忍耐不住了。
I have run out of patience with her.我对她已失去耐性。
She has little patience with such views.她很难接受这类观点。
[拓展] (1)patient adj.有耐心的，能忍耐的 n．病人
be patient with对……有耐心
She's very patient with young children.她对幼儿特别有耐心。
A number of patients have been successfully cured with the new drug.许多病人已经成功地被这种新药治愈了。
(2)patiently adv.耐心地
There was a queue of people waiting patiently for the bus to arrive．
有一群人在耐心地等待公共汽车的到来。
(3)impatient adj.不耐烦的；急于
be impatient with对……不耐烦
Try not to be impatient with her.尽量别对她没耐心。
(4)impatiently adv.不耐烦地
“Yes, you said that before，” she said impatiently．
“是的，你以前说过，”她不耐烦地说。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mr Gao is a good teacher, but he has little ________ (patient) with the pupils in his class.
②Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out ________ patience.
③The nurse is very patient ________ her patients.
④I'm ________ patient of Dr Yang. Could I make a date to see her, please
⑤The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her ________ (patient).
⑥The crowd waited ________ (patient) in a line for the doors to open.
⑦As time went on he grew more and more ________ (patient).
⑧Tom lay awake and waited, in restless ________ (patience).
⑨He speaks proudly of his record and ________ (impatient) rejects the constant criticisms of his company.
5)branch n．树枝；支流；政府部门；(学科及语言的)分支；分店)
(教材原句)I hung most of the decorations on the branches.
我把大部分装饰都挂在树枝上。
bare/flowering branches 光秃秃的/开满花的树枝
a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流
a branch line/office 铁路支线/分公司
all branches of government 所有政府部门
open a branch 开一家分店
our branch manager 我们的分公司经理
The branch she was standing on must have broken off.
她踩着的那根树枝一定折断了。
After the storm, the ground was covered with branches.
暴风雨过后，地上布满了树枝。
This branch of the river eventually flows into the Atlantic.
这条河的这条支流最终汇入大西洋。
Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.
我们的纽约分部正在处理这件事情。
The bank has three branches in the city.
这家银行在本市有三家分行。
[即学即练] 写出句中branch的含义
①They're thinking of setting up a branch here.________
②They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.________
③All branches of the government are having to cut costs.________
④He majors in a branch of computer science known as “artificial intelligence”．________
单句语法填空
⑤He was driving his car at a high speed when ________ branch shot across the window.
⑥Yesterday he cut off the upper ________ (branch) of the big tree in front of the door.
6)behaviour n．行为，举止，态度；活动方式，表现方式 behave vi.表现 vt.(oneself)表现得体，有礼貌)
(教材原句)I was on my best behaviour as we opened the presents.拆礼物时，我表现得特别好。
(1)on one's best behaviour 以最好的方式表现自己；举止规矩，行为检点
good/bad behaviour 良好/恶劣行为
one's behaviour towards... 某人对……的行为
study human behaviour 研究人类的行为模式
rude/improper behaviour 粗鲁的/不恰当的行为
social behaviour 社会行为
(2)behave oneself 表现得体；有礼貌
behave well/badly 表现好/不好
behave strangely 举止怪异
behave like... 表现得像……
behave well/badly towards... 对待……态度好/恶劣
well/badly behaved children 表现好/差的孩子们
Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded.
确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。
He was regretful about his behaviour.
他对自己的行为感到后悔。
Charles was on his good behaviour throughout the interview.
整个会见过程查尔斯表现出良好的行为举止。
They behaved very badly towards their guests.
他们对客人们很不礼貌。
She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
当她的姑姑来访时，她总是表现得很好。
He behaved like a true gentleman.他的行为像个真正的绅士。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得像是什么都没发生过。
[语境助记] I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away.
我不在家时你们要乖乖的。
Many cyclists behave dangerously.
许多骑自行车的人行为危险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Listening is thus an active, not a passive ________ (behave) consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
②He told his pupils to behave ________ (they) and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
③His mother often punished him in his childhood because he behaved ________ (bad).
④They felt a sense of achievement, because their children all behaved ________ (good).
⑤The audience was surprisingly well ________ (behave), which made the host smile in relief.
⑥These ________ (behave) can be observed among many children who have lost a parent or other loved one.
7)whisper vi.& vt.低声说，低语；私下说 n．耳语(声)，低语；轻柔的声音；传言)
(教材原句)“I have something special for you，” Granny whispered.“我有一个特别的东西给你，”奶奶低声说。
(1)whisper about sth. 密谈某事；低声说……
whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth. in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
whisper to sb. that... 低声对某人说……
It is whispered that... 有人私下里说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers 低声地
Don't you know it's rude to whisper
难道你不知道窃窃私语是不礼貌的吗？
What are you two whispering about
你们两人在低声说些什么？
She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
她探过身去附耳跟他说了些什么。
He whispered to me that he was afraid.
他低声对我说害怕。
It was whispered that he would soon die and he did.
有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然死了。
Girls were talking in whispers in every office.
女孩们在每个办公室里悄声交谈着。
I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．我知道我会低声对自己说两个简单的词“Be yourself”。
Her voice dropped to a whisper.她压低声音小声说话。
I've heard whispers that he's leaving.我听人说他要走。
I could hear the whisper of the sea.我听见大海在轻声诉说。
[误区提醒] whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whisper sth. to sb.＝whisper to sb. sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Colonel bowed his head and ________ (whisper) a prayer of Thanksgiving.
②He waited for his mother ________ (whisper) something about how they might need to find another restaurant, but she said nothing.
③I heard them ________ (whisper), but I pretended not to hear them.
④Mike whispered ________ me that he made a new discovery.
⑤“I was to star in a film，” she whispered ________ my ear.
⑥It ________ (whisper) that he shouldn't serve as an experiment volunteer although he is eager to learn science.
⑦“Where are you going？” he asked ________ a whisper.
⑧They spoke in ________ (whisper) for fear that they should be heard.
完成句子
⑨________________ (据私下传闻) he is heavily in debt.
8)merry adj.快乐的 merrily adv.高兴地，愉快地；自顾自地，毫无顾忌地)
(教材原句)Merry Christmas.圣诞快乐。
a merry dance 欢乐的舞蹈
a merry smile 愉快的微笑
a merry laughter 欢乐的笑声
live a merry life 过着愉快的生活
wish sb. a merry Christmas 祝某人圣诞快乐
the more the merrier (东西)多多益善；(人)越多越热闹
Merry Christmas to you！祝你圣诞快乐！
There is a merry smile on her face.她脸上露出愉快的微笑。
He is in a very merry mood today.他今天心情极为愉快。
The young men were chatting merrily among themselves.
年轻人彼此间在愉快地闲谈。
They sang and danced merrily and had a merry Christmas.
他们欢快地唱歌跳舞，度过了一个欢乐的圣诞节。
[语境助记] A merry little bird was singing on a tree, but nothing more.
一只快乐的小鸟在一棵树上歌唱，仅此而已。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My wife and I would like to wish you ________ merry Christmas.
②When it grew dark, a number of coloured lamps were lit, and the sailors danced ________ (merry) on the deck.
完成句子
③It was said that during that time every family in that village was ________________ (过着快乐的生活).
9)wave vi.& vt.挥手；招手 n．挥手；波浪)
(教材原句)“Come outside, Granny，” I called, but she just waved.“到外面来，奶奶，”我叫她，但她只是挥了挥手。
(1)vi.& vt.挥手，招手；挥手示意 vt.挥舞，挥动 vi.飘扬，起伏
wave a hand towards/at... 向……挥手
wave at/to/towards sb. 向某人挥手/招手
wave goodbye to sb. (＝wave sb.goodbye) 向某人挥手道别
wave sb. off 挥手送别
wave sth. aside/away... 对……置之不理
wave sb./sth. through 挥手让……通过
(2)n.海浪，波浪，波涛；挥手，挥臂，招手；汹涌的行动(或思想)态势，心潮，风潮；波
give sb. a wave 向某人挥手
radio/sound waves 无线电波/声波
a wave of fear 一阵恐惧
The people on the bus waved and we waved back.
公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。
My mother was crying as I waved her goodbye.
我向母亲挥手告别时她哭了。
“He's over there，” said Ali, waving a hand towards/at some trees.“他在那儿。”阿里说着朝几棵树挥了挥手。
I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved me through.
我向保安出示了通行证，他挥手让我通过。
Why did you wave at/to/towards him
你为什么向他挥手？
The expert came into the hall, waving his hand to greet us.
那位专家走进大厅，向我们挥手致意。
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.巨浪拍打着海岸。
She declined the offer with a wave of her hand.
她摆了摆手谢绝了这一提议。
He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.
公共汽车开走时他向我们挥了挥手。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I waved ________ him from the window but he didn't see me.
②I was ________ (wave) my hand like mad but he never once looked in my direction.
③She was so annoyed that she wouldn't even wave goodbye ________ us.
④Hospital workers were outside to welcome him, ________ (wave) flags and smiling at him.
⑤He kept on ________ (wave) at them until they were out of sight.
⑥As soon as we showed our papers as reporters, the policeman ________ (wave) us in.
⑦________ wave of sympathy for her swept Ireland.
⑧In particular, the teacher explained all sorts of ________ (wave) of light and sound to me.
⑨The country was swept by a wave ________ protest.
⑩He would always turn and give us ________ wave at the end of the street.
10)affair n．事件；事情；公共事务，政治事务；[pl.]私人业务)
(教材原句)Lunch was late, but it was a loud and exciting affair.
午餐晚了，但这是一件既欢闹又令人兴奋的大事。
current affairs 时事
financial affairs 财务
affairs of state 国事
private affairs 私事
national/international affairs 国家/国际事务
world/international/foreign affairs 世界/国际/外交事务
an expert on foreign affairs 外事专家
The newspapers reported the whole affair wildly.
报纸对整个事件作了疯狂的报道。
I looked after my father's financial affairs.我照管父亲的财务。
[比较] affair和business
在作“事务”讲时，这两个词的意义很接近，常可通用。例如：
Mind your own affairs (business).少管闲事。
It's a sorry affair (business).事情(或东西)很糟糕。
Each Ministry of Foreign Affairs lodged a protest with the other.双方外交部对对方外交部提了抗议。(不能用business；同样international affairs国际事务，不能说international business)
Let's get down to business.让我们谈正事吧！
Business before pleasure.先办正事，再谈娱乐。(正事比娱乐要紧)(在做“正事”讲，与“娱乐”、“消遣”对比时，应说business，不能说affair)
[注意]
(1)Business不能用复数，而affair特别指重大或头绪较多的事务时，常需要用复数。在下面的句子里，这两个词不通用。
(2)Business作“行业”讲时，不能用affair代替，如：
He is in the wine business.他经营酒业。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She organises her work ________ (affair) very quickly.
②She wanted the celebration to be ________ simple family affair.
完成句子
③In a brief statement, he concentrated entirely on ________ (国际事务).
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)move in搬来(和某人)一起居住；搬进新居(不及物动词短语))
(教材原句)That was also the day Granny moved in.
那天也是奶奶搬进来的日子。
move into 搬进新居(及物动词短语)
move out 搬出去
move off 启动；离开
move on (to sth.) 开始做(别的事)；换话题；继续前行
move about 四处走动
move over (为让出地方)挪到那头(那边)；让位
move up ①向上/向前移动；让位子；②晋升；(被)提升；③(使)开赴前线/战场
Her house was in perfect order when she moved in.
她搬进来时，屋子里井井有条。
The place needed a good spring clean before we could move in.
那地方得来个大扫除，然后我们才能搬进去。
When are you moving in？你什么时候搬新家？
Having done many years of school teaching, I felt that it was time to move on into college or university work.
我在中学教学已有多年，感到该调到学院或大学去干工作了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Now that we have decorated the house, we can move ________．
②The idea of having to sell their home and move ________ a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them.
③The noise around this house had become too much to tolerate and he decided to move ________．
④For some reason, he chose to move ________ this stage.
⑤Can you move on ________ another subject？
2)over and over再三地，重复地)
think the matter over and over 再三考虑这件事
“重复地，再三地”的多种表达法：time and time again/time and again/over and over again/again and again/time after time
The journalists asked her the same question over and over.
记者们反复地问她同一个问题。
I lay awake all night, turning the problem over and over in my mind.我一夜没睡着，反复思索这个问题。
I've told you over and over again not to do that.
我一再跟你讲不要再那么做。
[特别提醒] over and over与over and over again意思一样，只不过over and over again语气更强烈一些。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This happened over ________ over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs (苍耳子).
②You'll need to practise the specific skills again and ________．
③They inquired about the matter time ________ again.
④You will get a perfect result time ________ time if you follow these directions.
3)pass away去世；消失)
(教材原句)A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed away.圣诞节后的几个星期，奶奶去世了。
pass by 路过，经过(……旁边)
pass...on to... 把……传递给……
pass out 失去知觉
pass off (以某种方式)发生并完成
pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充为……
pass sth. down 使世代相传；流传下去
pass up 放弃，不要(机会等)
She's terribly upset because her father passed away last week.
她非常难过，因为她父亲上周去世了。
It was the first time that I found life could so easily pass away.
那是我第一次发现原来生命可以这样容易地逝去。
Spring comes after the cold winter. Winter will pass away to welcome the sunshine in spring.
春天到来之前是严冬，但严冬一定会过去，迎来阳光明媚的春天。
If there is a new illness, some animals may survive and pass on the ability entirely to resist that disease to the next generation.
如果有某种新的疾病，一些动物可能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力完全传给下一代。
[说明] 人们常用“离别了”(to depart), “离开了我们”(to leave us)等委婉说法来替代说某人“死了”(to die)。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The famous expert passed ________ at the age of ninety.
②Mrs Sesemann had noticed the child's unhappiness, but let a few days pass ________， hoping for a change.
③The girl passed herself ________ as a well known film star.
④The tradition has been passed ________ from generation to generation.
⑤I am grateful for the knowledge they all passed on ________ me.
4)no longer不再(＝not...any longer))
(教材原句)Mum gave the letter back to me some years ago when I no longer believed in Father Christmas.几年前我不再相信圣诞老人的存在时，妈妈就把信还给了我。
This type of behaviour is no longer socially acceptable.
这种行为在社交中已不再合适。
I'm not standing for it any longer.这种事我再也不能容忍了。
[区分] no longer和no more
(1)no longer中的longer是long的比较级，着重表示时间的不再延续，意为“不再”。no longer等于not...any longer。
Annie no longer lives here.安妮不再住在这儿了。
(2)no more中的more是many/much的比较级， more有again之意， no more着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。no more等于not...any more。
Not wishing to annoy her further, he said no more.他不愿惹她更生气，便不再说话。
Now she wasn't afraid any more.现在她再也不害怕了。
(3)no longer通常放在行为动词前， be动词的后面； no more通常置于行为动词之后。
She is no longer a music lover.她不再是一个音乐爱好者了。
Time or opportunity lost will return no more.机不可失，时不再来。
(4)两者都可用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。当no more作“不再有，不再存在”时，还可作定语和宾语。
I have no more (things) to say.我没有什么要说的(事情)了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①But opponents are no ________ (long) willing to wait.
②Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their 80s, they were ________ longer able to care for themselves very well.
③At that second beating, Pinocchio became very quiet and said no ________ (much).
④He tried it; but in the darkness the distant echoes sounded so terrible that he didn't try it ________ more.
完成句子
⑤Later when they are far away from the earth and there is ________________ (不再有地球引力) they find they are unable to stay in one place.
⑥I finally came to know that I could ________________________ (不能再忽视这个事实) that he was deeply unhappy.
5)believe in相信(某人)；相信……是好的/真的)
believe in yourself 相信自己
believe it or not 信不信由你
believe sb. to be 相信某人是……
Sb. is believed to be... 某人被认为是……
It is believed that...(＝People believe that...) 人们相信/认为……
I believe in you, so I believe what you said. After all, it's you who give me so much inspiration.
我信任你，因此我相信你说的话。毕竟，是你给了我如此多的灵感。
He believed in the children being taught through the translation method.他认为确有孩子在接受那种翻译法的教学。
Some of his supporters have stopped believing in him.
他的一些支持者都不再信任他了。
He believes in taking plenty of exercise.
他相信要做足量的锻炼。
[比较] believe in与believe
believe in...表示因可靠、有某种能力、品德高尚等原因而“相信，信任”某人或某种理论等，属于总的评价；而动词believe只表示相信某人所说的话，并不涉及对其总的评价。如：
I believe him.我相信他。(他说的话)
I believe in him.我信任他。(不仅是相信他说的话)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ is believed that taking exercise regularly can strengthen our immune system.
完成句子
②In a job interview, you should let the employer know that you ____________________ (很自信) and that you know your ________________ (强项与弱点).
③The film ________________ (被认为) instructive and full of emotion.
(6)catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
keep an eye on 照看，照料
keep one's eyes on 注视；关注
keep an eye open/out (for) 密切注意，提防
have an eye for 对……有鉴赏力
in one's eyes 在某人眼里，依某人看
close/shut one's eyes to 对……视而不见
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
I remember catching her eye through the window.
我记得当时从窗户里看到她的眼睛。
A sudden movement caught my eye.
一个突然的动作引起了我的注意。
I tried to catch the waiter's eye, so we could order.
我试图引起服务员的注意，这样我们就可以点菜了。
It was the unusual colour of his jacket that caught my eye.
是他夹克不寻常的颜色引起了我的注意。
A postcard, a present from my grandfather, would likely catch one's eye.一张明信片，来自我祖父的礼物，可能会引起某人的注意。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jenna caught her ________ (father) eye and they winked at each other secretly.
②He stood still, keeping his eyes ________ the flowers in the garden.
③The lady walked around the shop, keeping an eye out ________ bargains.
④The woman has an eye ________ a bargain, so she often buys better items with less money.
⑤We should not close our eyes ________ the current situation of waste on campus.
⑥He looked her ________ the eye and didn't say a word.
7)come to mind (突然)想起来；浮现在脑海中)
(教材原句)When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，脑海中浮现的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。
(1)come to 总计，达到(某一总数或某种状态/状况)
come to life 活跃起来；苏醒过来
come to oneself 苏醒过来
come to light 被发现；被知晓
come to sb. 来到某人面前；某人想起
come to one's mind 某人想起；浮现在某人脑海
(2)When it comes to... 当谈到……
When it comes to getting things done, he's useless. 一谈到做事，他便不中用了。
As I was arranging the details, another poem came to mind.
在我安排这些细节时，另外一首诗浮现在脑海中。
Although I know it well, the name just won't come to mind.
尽管我对它很熟识，但就是记不起名字来了。
The moment the champion appeared on the stage, the hall came to life.冠军一出现在舞台上，大厅就活跃起来。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①How much does the bill ________________ (总计/总共).
②After much talk we ________________ (达成) an agreement.
③At last the name of the book __________________ (出现在我的脑海).
④________________ (谈到) music, James is an expert.
⑤When discussing influential artists, three names immediately ______________ (出现在脑海中).
⑥The dull play really ________________ (变得生动有趣) in the performance by these young people.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)强调句型)
(教材原句)．..it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.……我想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。
句式分析 本句为强调句型，强调句子主语not just gifts and Father Christmas。
(1)基本结构： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。强调的是人时，连接词也可以用who。
It was at the class meeting yesterday that we elected him monitor.
我们是在昨天的班会上选他当班长的。
It was him that/who we elected monitor at the class meeting yesterday.昨天班会上我们选的他当班长。
(2)句式变化：
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
Is it Peter that is to take part in the city sports meeting
是彼得要参加市运动会吗？
Where was it that the 29th Summer Olympic Games took place
第29届夏季奥运会是在哪里举行的？
Who was it that broke out the window？是谁把窗户打破的？
What is it that you want me to do？你想让我做的是什么？
How was it that you succeed？你是怎么成功的？
Why is it that smoking isn't allowed here？为什么这里不允许吸烟？
(3)not...until...句型的强调句句型： It is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他．。
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
直到接近信的结尾处，她才提到自己的计划。
(4)判断依据：将句中的“It is/was...that...”结构去掉，若句子依然完整则为强调句，否则就不是强调句。
It was at 5 o'clock that he got up yesterday.
昨天他是五点钟起床的。(强调句)
It was 5 o'clock when he got up yesterday.
昨天他起床时是五点钟。(时间状语从句)
(5)谓语动词：强调主语时根据主语判断谓语动词的形式。
It is you that are wrong.是你错了。
It is I who am answering the question.是我在回答这个问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was the sense of failure ________ made him decide to succeed in his new life.
②You are waiting at a wrong place. ________ is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
③Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognised.
④It was Susan ________ I came across yesterday in the studio.
⑤It was in 1921 ________ our Party was founded.
⑥It was 1921 ________ our Party was founded.
⑦It was on the farm ________ we practised planting crops.
⑧It was the farm ________ we learned a lot.
⑨It is a wonder ________ the wounded soldier is still alive.
⑩It was not until they had finished the project ________ they returned home.
Was it in the library ________ he often went to do some reading ________ he met the pretty girl
It is watching TV every day that ________ (be) making her eyesight fail.
It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—________ he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane！
2)定语从句中关系代词的省略)
(教材原句)I still remember the last Christmas Granny spent with us.我仍记得奶奶和我们一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。
句式分析 定语从句中的关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which, that和as。在以下情况中，关系代词可以省略：
(1)当who, whom, which, that在限制性定语从句中作动词的宾语或作位于从句句末的介词的宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
(2)关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。
I will never forget the editor (who/whom/that) I met yesterday.
我永远忘不了昨天遇见的那位编辑。
The holiday (that/which) we are all looking forward to is coming soon.我们都期待的那个假期很快就要来了。
China is not the country (that) it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。
Books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.
书是知识的源泉，我从中受益良多。
[易错警示] 若关系代词直接放在介词后作宾语，则关系代词不可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The man with ________ I shook hands is a famous writer.
②The city ________ you live in is beautiful.
③The book ________ you lent to me is interesting.
④Zhang Hua is the only one of the pupils ________ gets full marks.
⑤We should treasure the days ________ we spent together with our parents.
3)Sb. be excited/worried/disappointed...＋that从句．)
(教材原句)I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way.
我对圣诞节的到来太兴奋了。
be＋情绪类形容词＋介词(at/with/about)＋sb./sth.
be＋情绪类形容词＋that从句
The children were excited about opening their presents.
孩子们对拆礼物感到兴奋不已。
The mother is worried that her son gets hurt.
这位母亲担心她儿子受伤。
I'm happy that my 80 year old grandma has learned how to download things from the Internet.
我很高兴我80岁的奶奶学会了如何从网上下载东西。
We are all disappointed that he gave up the competition.
他放弃了比赛，我们都很失望。
[特别提醒] 在上面的句子结构中，情绪类形容词后的介词短语或从句，往往表示造成某种情绪的原因。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We're all pleased ________ we have once again overcome the difficulty.
②The teacher was worried ________ her daughter could not pass the final exam.
③We are all concerned ________ his safety.
④I'm very satisfied ________ her progress in studying English.
⑤We feel ashamed ________ his mistake.
4)whenever引导时间状语从句)
(教材原句)Now, whenever the writer makes sugar biscuits, her grandma comes to mind.现在，每当作者做糖饼干时，她奶奶就浮现在脑海中。
句式分析 whenever引导时间状语从句时，相当于加强语气的when(即相当于every time when)。例：
Whenever he comes to Beijing, he never fails to call on me.
他每次来北京都来看我。
在引导让步状语从句时，wh ever常可以和no matter wh 互换。
Whenever you come, you are welcome.
无论你何时来，都欢迎你。(从句可改写为：No matter when you come)
I'll be with you wherever you go.无论你走到哪里，我都陪伴着你。(从句可改写为no matter where you go)
I'll finish the work however late it is.无论多晚我都得完成这项工作。(从句可改写为no matter how late it is)
Whichever side wins, I'll be happy.无论哪一方获胜，我都高兴。
(从句可改写为No matter which side wins)
Whoever (No matter who) did it, I didn't.
不管这事是谁干的，反正我没干。
We are determined to fulfil the task, whatever (no matter what) happens.不管出了什么事，我们决心完成任务。
Whichever (No matter which) book you borrow, you must return it in a week.你无论借哪本书，都必须一周内归还。
Whenever (No matter when) you come back, don't wake me up.不管你什么时候回来，都不要吵醒我。
He carries a book in his pocket, wherever (no matter where) he goes.他不管去哪里，口袋里都装着一本书。
However (No matter how) late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。
Whomever (No matter whom) you invite, I will not go.
我不管你邀请谁，我都不会去。
[相关拓展] wh ever和no matter wh 引导的让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句
whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导状语从句也可引导名词性从句。
[注意] whoever, whatever和whichever是连接代词，既可以引导状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。它们引导状语从句时，可以用no matter who/what/which来代替，引导名词性从句时，只能用wh ever形式。
试比较：
If someone breaks the law, he will be punished, whoever he is．
如果有人犯了法就该受惩罚，不管他是谁。(从句可改为no matter who he is。)
Please give the money to whoever needs it most．
请把钱给最需要的人吧。(本句是宾语从句，意为“凡是……的人”，其功能相当于anyone who，所以从句可改写为．..anyone who needs it most。)
Whatever difficulty I may meet, I'll never give up.
无论遇到什么困难，我都不会放弃。(whatever此时引导让步状语从句，可改写为no matter what。)
Whatever you said is right.你所说的话都是对的。(whatever引导主语从句，意为“凡是……”，语气比what强。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
②________ tough the problem is, we can solve it with patience.
③Once you have made up your mind, don't give up ________ challenges you will meet with.
④________ I suggest, he always disagree.
⑤The old tower must be saved, ________ the cost is.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The athlete answered all the host's questions with ________ (耐心).
2．The ________ (树枝) of the trees are swaying in the wind.
3．My dad and I spent the night in the guest room in the rural area listening to the frogs and water ________ (滚动) down the river nearby.
4．After drinking some water and having some snacks, he felt ________ (稍微) better.
5．Nicole just ________ (搬) from Hawaii, so we're glad that she's here.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in memory of, move on, believe in, lose patience with, over and over, behave oneself, in whispers, catch one's eye
1．My sister volunteered to write an article ____________ those who devoted themselves to the cause of China's revolution.
2．The moment a badly injured bird ____________， we came to help.
3．I really did what I ____________ and did not let myself down.
4．I ____________ him and had no idea how to deal with him.
5．The only way to learn the lines by heart is to say them to yourself ____________， which, of course, occupies time.
6．Tom regularly asked his father to take him to his grandpa's and promised to ____________．
7．The two natives began talking ____________ to avoid others hearing what they were saying.
8．Let's ____________ to the Ocean Park to watch various marine organisms (海洋生物).
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．In our office anyone caught ________ (quit) that project halfway will be punished.
2．The cartoon character spoke rapidly, ________ (wave) his arms about.
3．The bird watchers' ________ (behave) shows that they care only about the names of birds.
4．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ______ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
5．It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
6．These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) ________ (slight) lower.
7．After all, Forced Waiting requires ________ (patient).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He unfortunately ________________ (去世) last year.
2．Such kind of school breaks away from the traditional methods of teaching, so it ________________ (吸引学生们的注意).
3．At last, I will be living independently, but I still want to have my parents to turn to __________________________ (任何我需要帮助的时候).
4．She, with expectant expression on her face, asked Ann if she could ________________ (照看一下) the dog.
5．Thus, its box office income will probably enjoy ________________ (略有增长).
6．The expert, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, ________________ (低声表示支持).
7．The president ________________ (向……挥手) the crowd from the steps of the plane.
8．When an attractive beauty reads poems ________________ (为了纪念) the poet, everyone holds their breath.
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他们挥手再见，并期盼着早日团聚。(wave goodbye, look forward to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．这位老师给出了如何教导孩子举止得体的建议。(tip, behave oneself)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我们青少年应该对未知的事物多一点耐心。(teenagers, ought to, have patience with)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．换句话说，这些孩子们是通过反复倾听童话故事来获取知识的。(in other words, over and over)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．重要的不是你怎么说而是你怎么做。(matter, rather than, it is＋被强调成分＋that＋句子其他成分)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。(however/no matter, have dinner)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(共67张PPT)
Section E Writing Workshop，
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．___________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定
2．___________ n. 事件；活动
3．___________ n. 簿，册；专辑
4．___________ n. 眼泪，泪水
5．___________ n. 烹饪
calm
event
album
tear
cuisine
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．describe vt.描述→___________ n．描述；描写
2．stairs n．(pl.)楼梯→___________ adv.往楼下，在楼下(down “向下”，是前缀)
3．select vt. 挑选；选拔→________ n. 挑选；选拔
4．calm vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定→________ n. 冷静，镇静；平静
5．where adv. 哪儿→________ adv. 哪儿也见不到
6．form vt.形成，构成 n．表(格)；类别；形状；外形→________ n. 制服
7．thorough adj. 彻底的；完全的→________ adv. 完全地
8．humble adj. 谦逊的；简陋的→________ adv. 谦虚地
9．awe n. 敬畏，惊叹→________ adj. 令人赞叹的；很好的
description
downstairs
selection
calmness
nowhere
uniform
thoroughly
humbly
awesome
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．get dressed quickly ________________
2．head downstairs ________________
3．(be) in the kitchen ________________
4．prepare lunch ________________
5．be nowhere to be seen ________________
6．in the school uniform ________________
7．look forward to ________________
快速穿上衣服
去楼下
在厨房里
准备午餐
哪儿也见不到
身穿校服
期待，盼望
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 在某人七十几岁时
2．________________ 相信自己的眼睛
3．________________ 冷静下来
4．________________ 就座
5．________________ 往日的回忆
in sb's seventies
believe sb's eyes
calm down
take sb's seat
memories of the old days
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)event n．事件；活动；比赛项目)
(教材原句)AN EVENT DESCRIPTION事件描述
a fund raising event 筹款活动
track and field events 田径比赛项目
political/world events 政治/世界事件
after the event 事情发生后；事后
the main event of 2020 2020年的主要大事
in any event/at all events 不管怎样，无论如何
in the event 结果，到头来
in the event of/in the event that sth. happens 如果……发生，万一，倘若
in that event 如果是那样的话
The election was the main event of 2004.
那次选举是2004年的重大事件。
In the light of later events the decision was proved right.
从后来发生的事看，这一决定证明是正确的。
In the normal course of events she would have gone with him.
要是事情发展顺利的话，她已同他一块儿走了。
The event will go ahead as planned in Nanjing next summer.
该活动将按计划于明年夏天在南京进行。
The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon.
800米赛是下午的第四项比赛。
In the event of an accident, call this number.
万一发生事故就拨这个号码。
In that event, we will have to reconsider our offer.
如果是那样的话，我们就得重新考虑我们的建议。
[易混比较] event/incident/accident
event尤指重大事件或比赛项目；
incident指发生的不寻常的或讨厌的事情，犯罪、袭击等严重事件，暴力事件，也可以指两国间的摩擦或军事冲突；
One particular incident sticks in my mind.
有一件事我总忘不了。
There was a shooting incident near here last night.
昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
accident强调偶然或意外发生的不幸的事故。
One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
每七次交通事故就有一次是驾车者困倦造成的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest ________(event) in world sport.
②The marketing team is organising ________ event for their new product sale.
③But we're always wise ________ the event. That's not much good to me now.
④I might go home next month, but in ________ event, I'll be home for Christmas.
events
an
after
any
⑤________ the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for firefighting.
⑥In the event ________ you are mentally or physically disabled, who will take care of you
⑦Mary will get everything in the event ________ her death.
⑧There's a possibility of my flight being delayed. ________ that event I'll phone to let you know.
In
that
of
In
选词填空：event/incident/accident
⑨I was walking along the street looking for a place to park when the ________ happened.
⑩This is one of the most important ________ in the history of mankind.
The serious ________ along the border increased our fears of the war.
Although badly hurt in the ________， the driver was still able to make a phone call.
accident
events
incident
accident
2)description n. 描述，描写；形容，说明 describe v. 描述，叙述；形容)
give a description of 对……进行描述，介绍……
write a description of 描写……
beyond description 难以描述
give a general/brief description of 对……作概括性的/简短的描述
give a detailed/full description of 对……作详细的/详尽的说明
a brief description of the software 软件的简要说明
describe...as/to be... 描述……为……
describe sth. to sb. 向某人描述某物
The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description.
那里的风景太引人入胜了，美得令人无法形容。
She has given the police a very detailed/full description of the thief.
她向警察详细描述了那个小偷的模样。
He described it as an extraordinarily complicated tale.
他把它讲成了一个格外复杂的故事。
Can you describe him to me
你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？
Include as much descriptive information as possible!
包含尽可能多的描述性信息！
[说明]
在give a description of中，description可用detailed, general，brief修饰。
[词语拓展]
(1)describe vt. 描述；形容；把……称为
(2)I descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的，说明的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Your paper contains too much ________ (describe), and not enough discussion of the problems.
②The beauty of Mount Huangshan is ________ description.
③He gave me a detailed ____________(describe) of his visit to London in the email.
④Several people ________ (describe) seeing strange lights in the sky.
⑤Suppose someone gave you an egg and asked you ________ (describe) exactly what was inside.
⑥We prefer to describe emotional intelligence (情商) ________ a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
description
beyond
description
described
to describe
as
3)awesome adj. 令人赞叹的；很好的；令人畏惧的 awesomely adv. 惊叹地)
(教材原句)That day was awesome.那天真是太棒了。
an awesome sight 惊人的景象/奇观
awesome power 惊人的能量；令人敬畏的权力
the awesome beauty 令人叹为观止的美
an awesome achievement 一项了不起的成就
totally awesome 棒极了
awesomely beautiful 极其美丽
Wow! That's totally awesome！
哇！真是棒极了！
This is an awesome question, because it's so true to life.
这是一个极好的问题，因为它对于生活来说是如此的真实。
[联想] 后缀 some常用来构成形容词，意为“引起(或易于)……的”。如：fearsome很可怕的；十分吓人的；quarrelsome爱争吵的；troublesome令人烦恼的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even though you have ________ awesome product, if no one knows about it, it doesn't do anyone any good.
②The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was ________ awesome performance.
an
an
4)nowhere adv. 哪里都不)
(教材原句)Dad was nowhere to be seen. 哪儿也找不到爸爸了。
be nowhere to be seen/found 哪儿也见不到/找不到
(＝nowhere in sight)
get nowhere with... ……毫无进展
get(sb.) nowhere (让某人)毫无进展
nowhere to go/live/sit 没地方去/住/坐
go nowhere 没有结果，毫无进展
nowhere near 离……差得远；远远谈不上
out of nowhere 突然地，不知怎么地
in the middle of nowhere 偏远的
be nowhere/come nowhere 没上名(没进前三名)
I will go nowhere until you are back.
你回来之前我哪里也不去。
The pen I bought yesterday is nowhere to be seen.
我昨天买的钢笔到处都见不到了。
There was nowhere for me to sit.
我无处可坐。
We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.
我们就此事讨论了一上午，可是毫无进展。
Talking to him will get me nowhere.
和他谈话我会一无所获。
Our budget is nowhere near enough.我们的预算远远不够。
He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him. 他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有些进步。
20 dollars goes nowhere when you're feeding a family these days.
如今要养家的话，20美元到不了哪儿(买不了什么东西)。
His home is in a small village in the middle of nowhere.
他的家在一个偏远的小村庄里。
[说明]
nowhere置于句首的时候，句子要用部分倒装语序。
Nowhere else will you find such a good book.你在其他任何地方都找不到一本这么好的书。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Michael glanced worriedly down the street, but John was nowhere ________ (find).
②Nowhere else in the world ________ this kind of custom exist.
③Nowhere else ________ you find such wonderful beaches.
④It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere ________ (stay) now.
⑤A negative attitude will get you ________．
to be found
does
will
to stay
nowhere
完成句子
⑥I did reasonably well at school but ___________(远不及)as well as my sister or brother.
⑦Her name was Marie, and she had appeared, one day, ____________
(几乎是从天而降).
nowhere near
almost out of nowhere
5)select vt. 挑选，选拔 selection n. 选择，挑选，选拔；被选中者 selective adj. 选择性的，认真挑选的)
(教材原句)For weeks I had been working on this, listening to Grandpa's stories, selecting his favourite music and collecting photos from the family album.
几个星期以来，我一直在做这件事，听爷爷讲故事，选他最喜欢的音乐，从家庭相册中收集照片。
select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事
select...for... 为……选择……
select...as... 挑选……作为……
select...from... 从……中选出……
make a selection 作选择
make wise selection 作出明智的选择
selection criteria 挑选标准
the selection process 选拔过程
the random selection of numbers 号码的随机抽取
a selective school 择优录取学生的学校
Six theatre companies have been selected to take part in this year's festival.已选定六个剧团参加今年的戏剧节。
He hasn't been selected for the team.他未能入选进队。
He was selected as the leader of the football team.
他被选为足球队的队长。
This model is available at selected stores only.
这种款式只在特定商店有售。
The final team selection will be made tomorrow.
明天将确定队伍的最后人选。
A selection of readers' comments are published below.
下面选登了部分读者的意见。
You will have to be selective about which information to include in the report.究竟要把哪些资料收入报告，你得仔细斟酌。
[拓展] select/choose/elect/pick
select指“精心挑选”；
choose指一般意义的“选择”；
elect指“选举”；
pick尤指未经认真考虑地“选择”。
[一言助记]
The music teacher selected eight students to attend the party and Lucy was elected as the team leader. They needed to choose a song to sing at the party. Besides, they picked one day a week for training.
音乐老师选出了八名学生参加聚会，露西被选为队长。他们需要选一首歌在聚会上唱。此外，他们每周挑选一天进行训练。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________(select) a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
②The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
③We ran out of wood and I was selected ________ (go) and find more.
④York was selected ________the site for the research centre.
⑤She selected her favourite book ________ her collections and read it to her children.
Selecting
selected
to go
as
from
⑥The amber which ________ (select) had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey.
⑦We were offered ________ selection of cakes and desserts with our tea.
⑧Last week they went over their seeds to make a careful ________ (select).
⑨They say the government is merely being more ________ (select).
was selected
a
selection
selective
选词填空：select/choose/elect/pick
⑩There is no doubt that we will ________ the best players to take part in the coming Olympic Games.
There are several books for you to ________ from.
All the people agreed to ________ him chairman of the meeting.
He is helping his mother to ________ strawberries.
select
choose
elect
pick
6)tear n. 眼泪，泪水 tearful adj. 含泪的；令人伤心的 v．(tore, torn)撕裂，撕碎，扯破，戳破)
(1)burst into tears (＝burst out crying) 突然大哭起来
fight back one's tears 忍住眼泪
move sb. to tears 把某人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着，流着泪
(2)tear apart 撕毁，撕碎；使四分五裂，使分崩离析
tear...open/in two 把……撕开/撕成两半
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear at 撕扯
He suddenly burst into tears.
他突然大哭起来。
Desperately she fought back the tears.
她竭力忍住没让眼泪流出来。
Their story will move you to tears.
他们的故事会使你感动得落泪。
She left the room in tears.
她哭着离开了房间。
A tear rolled down his face.
一滴泪沿他的面颊流下来。
No! Do not tear apart your books.
不行！不可以把书撕坏。
Careful—the fabric tears very easily.
小心，这种织物一撕就破。
I tore my jeans on the fence.
我的牛仔裤被篱笆划破了。
He tore the letter in two.
他把信撕成两半。
[10] I tore the package open.
我把包裹撕开。
[11] The woman began to tear at the cloth, but it was so strong that it could not be tore open.
那女子开始撕扯那布，然而那布料是那么结实，结果没有被撕开。
[拓展]
be close to tears几乎落泪
hold back one's tears某人忍住泪水
reduce sb. to tears使某人流泪
tears of joy喜悦的泪水
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①One minute she burst ________ tears and the next minute she burst out laughing. We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
②When she heard the news, ________ (tear) poured down her face.
③It was such a sad film that we were moved ________ tears.
④So after shouting and crying for an hour she walked out ________ tears.
⑤John tore the tickets ________ angrily.
⑥He tore ________ my photo, which made me very angry.
⑦The branches tore ________ my jacket and scratched my hands and face.
⑧The ________ (tear) jeans become a symbol of the cowboys' confidence to success.
into
tears
to
in
apart/up
apart/up
at
torn
We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.
我们玩得痛快极了。
I'm thoroughly confused.
我完全给搞糊涂了。
Wash the fruit thoroughly before use.
把水果仔细清洗后再用。
I thoroughly enjoyed the performance.
我非常喜欢这场表演。
The police carried out a thorough investigation.
警方展开了全面的调查。
Everything was in a thorough mess.
一切都乱七八糟。
Give the table a thorough wipe.
把桌子彻底擦一擦。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Food that is being offered hot must be heated again ___________ (thorough).
完成句子
②You must see your doctor for _________________(彻底的检查) and find a perfect cure of the pain.
③I am a good typist and have ________________________________ (对英文了解透彻).
④To me, going to the doctor with most mild pains seemed like ____________________ (完全是浪费时间).
thoroughly
a thorough examination
a thorough knowledge of the English language
a thorough waste of time
8)calm vi. & vt.(使)平静，(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calmly adv. 平静地)
calm(sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；(使某人)镇静下来
calm oneself 使自己平静下来
stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静
quite calm 相当平静
the calm city 平静的城市
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
我把雏鸟放进巢里，它很快就平静了下来。
I tried to keep calm and just ignore him.
我尽量保持镇静，不去理睬他。
[易混词辨析]
calm指风平浪静或人镇静。
still静止不动的，指没有动作。
quiet安静的，指没有噪音、吵闹声或心里不烦躁。
silent沉默的，指没有声音或不讲话。
[试比较]
stay calm in an emergency 在紧急情况下保持镇静
keep the kids quiet 让孩子们保持安静
keep still 保持静止不动
keep silent 保持沉默，没有声音
[即学即练] 根据句意，填上括号内所给单词的适当形式
①Calm yourself ________； there is no need to feel upset about it.
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
②So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, ________(calm), healthier？
那么，我们跳舞是为了使自己感觉更好、更平静、更健康吗？
③The scene scared away everybody but the cowboy still standing ________ (calm) in the forest.
这个情景把大家都吓跑了，只剩下那个骑马牧人，他依然安静地站在森林里。
down
calmer
calmly
Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A?level course.
莎拉·托马斯期待着她新的A?level课程的挑战。
I'm looking forward to your reply.
我期待着您的回复。
No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high.
不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人敬仰你，并希望能像你那样。
[注意]
no matter how 表示“无论如何，不管怎样”，相当于however。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The editor was looking forward to ____________ (become) famous overnight.
②The day we had been looking forward to ________ (come) at last.
③We have been looking forward more and more eagerly to ________ (see) you.
完成句子
④Since we are here now, let's _________________ (着手处理) some serious work.
⑤We are working fast to try to _______________ (弥补) the lost time.
⑥He is a great football star and _______________ (崇拜)by all his fans.
becoming
came
seeing
get down to
make up for
is looked up to
2)have difficulty with...在某方面有困难)
(教材原句)Li Zhen writes about her time at the party in her diary but has had difficulty with verb phrases.
李珍在她的日记中记述了她在聚会上的时光，但是在使用动词短语方面有困难。
He said that he had some difficulty with English.
他说他在学英语方面有困难。
[注意]
①have difficulty with sth.常可记成have difficulty (in) doing sth.
如：
I have a great deal of difficulty in restoring order.
我费了很大劲才把乱糟糟的东西收拾整齐。
②否定形式为have no difficulty with sth.或have no difficulty (in) doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We had no difficulty in ________ (find) the house.
②Do you have any difficulty ________ your English
③They had no ________ (problem) with money.
④There was some ________ (difficulty) in doing my homework．
finding
with
problems
difficulty
一句多译
我在1500米赛跑方面总是有困难。
⑤I always have some ________________the race of 1，500 meters.
⑥I always have some difficulty ________________ 1，500 meters.
⑦I always have some trouble _______ the race _____ 1，500 meters.
⑧I always have some ________________ 1，500 meters.
⑨I always have some ________________ the race of 1，500 meters.
⑩I always have some ________________ 1，500 meters.
difficulty with
(in) running
with
of
trouble (in) running
problems with
problems (in) running
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)形容词作主语补足语)
(教材原句)Early in the morning, I woke up excited.
一大早，我兴奋地醒来。
句式分析 excited是形容词作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态。
He accepted his partner's challenge, excited.
他很兴奋地接受了他搭档的挑战。(he→excited)
He passed the document to me, unhappy.
他把那份文件递给了我，很不高兴。(he→unhappy)
We arrived at home very late, dynamic, safe and sound.
我们到家很晚，精力充沛并安然无恙。
The athlete leaped up and accepted the prize, happy and surprised.
这位运动员又高兴又吃惊，跳起来接受奖品。
[即学即练] 用形容词作主语补足语翻译句子。
①他走过来的时候醉醺醺的。
②他死的时候很穷。
③他到达了目的地时， 几乎精疲力尽。
He came in, drunk.
He died, poor.
He arrived at his destination, almost exhausted.
2)It takes/took some time for sb.＋to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。)
(教材原句)Grandpa couldn't believe his eyes and it took quite a long time for them to calm down.
爷爷简直不相信自己的眼睛，他们过了很长时间才平静下来。
句式分析 It takes/took some time for sb. to do sth..＝It takes/took sb. some time to do sth..
It took three years to complete it and it was built using an interesting method．
花了三年时间才完成它，并且是用一种有趣的方法建造的。
(using...是现在分词短语作方式状语)
[相关拓展] “花费”的其他几种说法
·cost花费：主语一般是物。
Sth. cost(s) sb. some money.
·pay花费：主语为人。
Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
·spend花费：主语为人。
Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱。
Sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.某人花费一些时间做某事。
Sb. spend(s) some money (on) doing sth.某人花费一些金钱做某事。
[特别提醒]
take表示“花费”，主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)，不可以是人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She paid 20 yuan ________ the lantern.
②It took him a long time ___________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
③Every day I spend half an hour online with my penfriend ________ (talk) about our stressful life.
完成句子
④这些啤酒花了我10美元。
The beer ________ me 10 dollars.
for
to acquire
talking
cost
3)关系副词why引导定语从句)
(教材原句)It's important to mention: the reason why you want to describe the event... 重要的是：说明你想描述该事件的原因……
句式分析 why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason, why在定语从句中作原因状语。
(1)The reason why/for which...is that... ……的原因是……(that引导表语从句)
(2)This/That is why... 这/那就是为什么……(why后接结果)
(3)This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(because后接原因)
There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
The reason why he resigned is his poor health.
她辞职的原因是健康不佳。
The reason is that I was angry.
原因是我生气了。
That is the reason why he did it.
那是他做那事的原因。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The reason ______ he didn't pass the interview is ______ he lacked competence.
②That is ________ we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.
③He wouldn't like to go out, this is ________ he doesn't feel well.
④Tom was ill. This was ________ he was absent from class today.
why
that
why
because
why
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After greeting each other, the old lady began to cry again, but they were ________ (泪水)of joy.
2．Although her ____________(描述)sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.
3．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these ________(事件)，were asleep as usual that night.
4．I like my sports wear while my deskmate is fond of school ________ (制服).
5．The spring festival is drawing near and my parents ask us to do a ________ (彻底/完全) cleaning.
6．I ________(谦虚地) share my love for all people on earth.
tears
description
events
uniform
thorough
humbly
Ⅱ.短语填空
select...to (do)..., calm...down, burst into tears, look forward to, nowhere to be found, make up for
1．Whenever I want to write down my new idea, paper is ________．
2．He ______________， rushing out of the door to seek help.
3．_______ yourself ______； there is no need to feel so disappointed at it.
4．At the moment, the children ________________ studying on the new campus.
5．Simon _______________work as a volunteer in the community recently.
6．We should work harder to ___________ the time that we lost during the three years of epidemic.
nowhere to be found
burst into tears
Calm
down
are looking forward to
has been selected to
made up for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．With nowhere else ________ (go), my nephew did manage to live an independent life.
2．According to the report, we spend a full third of our lives ________ (wait).
3．School ___________ (uniform) are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
4．First celebrated in 1970，the day now includes ________ (event) in more than 190 countries and regions.
5．Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid ____________ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
6．A successful swap depends on the ________ (select) of clothes, the organisation of the event, and, obviously, how much fun it had.
to go
waiting
uniforms
events
description
selection
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．When you meet with difficult problems, ________________ (保持平静) and confident is the key to success.
2．Stories from the champion were so moving that many people ____________________ (被感动的流下了眼泪).
3．During the summer, New York offers a variety of special ________________ (文化活动).
4．We all congratulated him for he ________________________ (作出了明智的选择).
staying calm
were moved to tears
cultural events
had made a wise selection
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他盼望着从阅读中得到益处。
(look forward to, benefit)
2．她如此难过的原因是实验的结果令人不满意。
(why 引导定语从句，satisfying)
He looks forward to gaining benefits from reading.
The reason why she was so sad was that the result of the experiment was not satisfying.
3．你的朋友回到家，筋疲力尽还很失望。
(形容词作主补，disappointed)
4．这个孩子每天花费大量时间网上冲浪。
(take, surf the Internet)
Your friend came back home, tired and disappointed.
It takes much time for the child to surf the Internet every day.Section E Writing Workshop，Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vi.&vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定
2．________________ n. 事件；活动
3．________________ n. 簿，册；专辑
4．________________ n. 眼泪，泪水
5．________________ n. 烹饪
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．describe vt.描述→________ n．描述；描写
2．stairs n．(pl.)楼梯→________ adv.往楼下，在楼下(down “向下”，是前缀)
3．select vt. 挑选；选拔→________ n. 挑选；选拔
4．calm vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇定→________ n. 冷静，镇静；平静
5．where adv. 哪儿→________ adv. 哪儿也见不到
6．form vt.形成，构成 n．表(格)；类别；形状；外形→________ n. 制服
7．thorough adj. 彻底的；完全的→________ adv. 完全地
8．humble adj. 谦逊的；简陋的→________ adv. 谦虚地
9．awe n. 敬畏，惊叹→________ adj. 令人赞叹的；很好的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
(A) 写出下列短语的汉意
1．get dressed quickly ________________
2．head downstairs ________________
3．(be) in the kitchen ________________
4．prepare lunch ________________
5．be nowhere to be seen ________________
6．in the school uniform ________________
7．look forward to ________________
(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 在某人七十几岁时
2．________________ 相信自己的眼睛
3．________________ 冷静下来
4．________________ 就座
5．________________ 往日的回忆
第一版块|重点单词诠释
1)event n．事件；活动；比赛项目)
(教材原句)AN EVENT DESCRIPTION事件描述
a fund raising event 筹款活动
track and field events 田径比赛项目
political/world events 政治/世界事件
after the event 事情发生后；事后
the main event of 2020 2020年的主要大事
in any event/at all events 不管怎样，无论如何
in the event 结果，到头来
in the event of/in the event that sth. happens 如果……发生，万一，倘若
in that event 如果是那样的话
The election was the main event of 2004.
那次选举是2004年的重大事件。
In the light of later events the decision was proved right.
从后来发生的事看，这一决定证明是正确的。
In the normal course of events she would have gone with him.
要是事情发展顺利的话，她已同他一块儿走了。
The event will go ahead as planned in Nanjing next summer.
该活动将按计划于明年夏天在南京进行。
The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon.
800米赛是下午的第四项比赛。
In the event of an accident, call this number.
万一发生事故就拨这个号码。
In that event, we will have to reconsider our offer.
如果是那样的话，我们就得重新考虑我们的建议。
[易混比较] event/incident/accident
event尤指重大事件或比赛项目；
incident指发生的不寻常的或讨厌的事情，犯罪、袭击等严重事件，暴力事件，也可以指两国间的摩擦或军事冲突；
One particular incident sticks in my mind.有一件事我总忘不了。
There was a shooting incident near here last night.
昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
accident强调偶然或意外发生的不幸的事故。
One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
每七次交通事故就有一次是驾车者困倦造成的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest ________(event) in world sport.
②The marketing team is organising ________ event for their new product sale.
③But we're always wise ________ the event. That's not much good to me now.
④I might go home next month, but in ________ event, I'll be home for Christmas.
⑤________ the event of a strike, the army will take over responsibility for firefighting.
⑥In the event ________ you are mentally or physically disabled, who will take care of you
⑦Mary will get everything in the event ________ her death.
⑧There's a possibility of my flight being delayed. ________ that event I'll phone to let you know.
选词填空：event/incident/accident
⑨I was walking along the street looking for a place to park when the ________ happened.
⑩This is one of the most important ________ in the history of mankind.
The serious ________ along the border increased our fears of the war.
Although badly hurt in the ________， the driver was still able to make a phone call.
2)description n. 描述，描写；形容，说明 describe v. 描述，叙述；形容)
give a description of 对……进行描述，介绍……
write a description of 描写……
beyond description 难以描述
give a general/brief description of 对……作概括性的/简短的描述
give a detailed/full description of 对……作详细的/详尽的说明
a brief description of the software 软件的简要说明
describe...as/to be... 描述……为……
describe sth. to sb. 向某人描述某物
The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description.那里的风景太引人入胜了，美得令人无法形容。
She has given the police a very detailed/full description of the thief. 她向警察详细描述了那个小偷的模样。
He described it as an extraordinarily complicated tale.
他把它讲成了一个格外复杂的故事。
Can you describe him to me 你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？
Include as much descriptive information as possible!
包含尽可能多的描述性信息！
[说明] 在give a description of中，description可用detailed, general，brief修饰。
[词语拓展]
(1)describe vt. 描述；形容；把……称为
(2)I descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的，说明的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Your paper contains too much ________ (describe), and not enough discussion of the problems.
②The beauty of Mount Huangshan is ________ description.
③He gave me a detailed ________(describe) of his visit to London in the email.
④Several people ________ (describe) seeing strange lights in the sky.
⑤Suppose someone gave you an egg and asked you ________ (describe) exactly what was inside.
⑥We prefer to describe emotional intelligence (情商) ________ a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
3)awesome adj. 令人赞叹的；很好的；令人畏惧的 awesomely adv. 惊叹地)
(教材原句)That day was awesome.那天真是太棒了。
an awesome sight 惊人的景象/奇观
awesome power 惊人的能量；令人敬畏的权力
the awesome beauty 令人叹为观止的美
an awesome achievement 一项了不起的成就
totally awesome 棒极了
awesomely beautiful 极其美丽
Wow! That's totally awesome！哇！真是棒极了！
This is an awesome question, because it's so true to life.
这是一个极好的问题，因为它对于生活来说是如此的真实。
[联想] 后缀 some常用来构成形容词，意为“引起(或易于)……的”。如：fearsome很可怕的；十分吓人的；quarrelsome爱争吵的；troublesome令人烦恼的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even though you have ________ awesome product, if no one knows about it, it doesn't do anyone any good.
②The wide plain, with thousands of animals on the move, was ________ awesome performance.
4)nowhere adv. 哪里都不)
(教材原句)Dad was nowhere to be seen. 哪儿也找不到爸爸了。
be nowhere to be seen/found 哪儿也见不到/找不到
(＝nowhere in sight)
get nowhere with... ……毫无进展
get(sb.) nowhere (让某人)毫无进展
nowhere to go/live/sit 没地方去/住/坐
go nowhere 没有结果，毫无进展
nowhere near 离……差得远；远远谈不上
out of nowhere 突然地，不知怎么地
in the middle of nowhere 偏远的
be nowhere/come nowhere 没上名(没进前三名)
I will go nowhere until you are back.你回来之前我哪里也不去。
The pen I bought yesterday is nowhere to be seen.
我昨天买的钢笔到处都见不到了。
There was nowhere for me to sit.我无处可坐。
We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.
我们就此事讨论了一上午，可是毫无进展。
Talking to him will get me nowhere.和他谈话我会一无所获。
Our budget is nowhere near enough.我们的预算远远不够。
He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him. 他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有些进步。
20 dollars goes nowhere when you're feeding a family these days.如今要养家的话，20美元到不了哪儿(买不了什么东西)。
His home is in a small village in the middle of nowhere.
他的家在一个偏远的小村庄里。
[说明] nowhere置于句首的时候，句子要用部分倒装语序。
Nowhere else will you find such a good book.你在其他任何地方都找不到一本这么好的书。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Michael glanced worriedly down the street, but John was nowhere ________ (find).
②Nowhere else in the world ________ this kind of custom exist.
③Nowhere else ________ you find such wonderful beaches.
④It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere ________ (stay) now.
⑤A negative attitude will get you ________．
完成句子
⑥I did reasonably well at school but ________(远不及)as well as my sister or brother.
⑦Her name was Marie, and she had appeared, one day, ________(几乎是从天而降).
5)select vt. 挑选，选拔 selection n. 选择，挑选，选拔；被选中者 selective adj. 选择性的，认真挑选的)
(教材原句)For weeks I had been working on this, listening to Grandpa's stories, selecting his favourite music and collecting photos from the family album.几个星期以来，我一直在做这件事，听爷爷讲故事，选他最喜欢的音乐，从家庭相册中收集照片。
select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事
select...for... 为……选择……
select...as... 挑选……作为……
select...from... 从……中选出……
make a selection 作选择
make wise selection 作出明智的选择
selection criteria 挑选标准
the selection process 选拔过程
the random selection of numbers 号码的随机抽取
a selective school 择优录取学生的学校
Six theatre companies have been selected to take part in this year's festival.已选定六个剧团参加今年的戏剧节。
He hasn't been selected for the team.他未能入选进队。
He was selected as the leader of the football team.
他被选为足球队的队长。
This model is available at selected stores only.
这种款式只在特定商店有售。
The final team selection will be made tomorrow.
明天将确定队伍的最后人选。
A selection of readers' comments are published below.
下面选登了部分读者的意见。
You will have to be selective about which information to include in the report.究竟要把哪些资料收入报告，你得仔细斟酌。
[拓展] select/choose/elect/pick
select指“精心挑选”；
choose指一般意义的“选择”；
elect指“选举”；
pick尤指未经认真考虑地“选择”。
[一言助记] The music teacher selected eight students to attend the party and Lucy was elected as the team leader. They needed to choose a song to sing at the party. Besides, they picked one day a week for training.音乐老师选出了八名学生参加聚会，露西被选为队长。他们需要选一首歌在聚会上唱。此外，他们每周挑选一天进行训练。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________(select) a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
②The players ________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
③We ran out of wood and I was selected ________ (go) and find more.
④York was selected ________the site for the research centre.
⑤She selected her favourite book ________ her collections and read it to her children.
⑥The amber which ________ (select) had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey.
⑦We were offered ________ selection of cakes and desserts with our tea.
⑧Last week they went over their seeds to make a careful ________ (select).
⑨They say the government is merely being more ________ (select).
选词填空：select/choose/elect/pick
⑩There is no doubt that we will ________ the best players to take part in the coming Olympic Games.
There are several books for you to ________ from.
All the people agreed to ________ him chairman of the meeting.
He is helping his mother to ________ strawberries.
6)tear n. 眼泪，泪水 tearful adj. 含泪的；令人伤心的 v．(tore, torn)撕裂，撕碎，扯破，戳破)
(1)burst into tears (＝burst out crying) 突然大哭起来
fight back one's tears 忍住眼泪
move sb. to tears 把某人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着，流着泪
(2)tear apart 撕毁，撕碎；使四分五裂，使分崩离析
tear...open/in two 把……撕开/撕成两半
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear at 撕扯
He suddenly burst into tears.他突然大哭起来。
Desperately she fought back the tears.
她竭力忍住没让眼泪流出来。
Their story will move you to tears.
他们的故事会使你感动得落泪。
She left the room in tears.她哭着离开了房间。
A tear rolled down his face.一滴泪沿他的面颊流下来。
No! Do not tear apart your books.不行！不可以把书撕坏。
Careful—the fabric tears very easily.小心，这种织物一撕就破。
I tore my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤被篱笆划破了。
He tore the letter in two.他把信撕成两半。
I tore the package open.我把包裹撕开。
The woman began to tear at the cloth, but it was so strong that it could not be tore open.
那女子开始撕扯那布，然而那布料是那么结实，结果没有被撕开。
[拓展]
be close to tears几乎落泪
hold back one's tears某人忍住泪水
reduce sb. to tears使某人流泪
tears of joy喜悦的泪水
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①One minute she burst ________ tears and the next minute she burst out laughing. We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
②When she heard the news, ________ (tear) poured down her face.
③It was such a sad film that we were moved ________ tears.
④So after shouting and crying for an hour she walked out ________ tears.
⑤John tore the tickets ________ angrily.
⑥He tore ________ my photo, which made me very angry.
⑦The branches tore ________ my jacket and scratched my hands and face.
⑧The ________ (tear) jeans become a symbol of the cowboys' confidence to success.
7)thoroughly adv. 完全地；彻底；仔细，缜密(→thorough adj. 彻底的；完全的；深入的；细致的))
(教材原句)Humpty Dumpty looked thoroughly offended, and she began to wish she hadn't chosen that subject.胖墩儿看上去被彻底激怒了，她开始后悔不该选择这个话题。
a thorough
We thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.我们玩得痛快极了。
I'm thoroughly confused.我完全给搞糊涂了。
Wash the fruit thoroughly before use.把水果仔细清洗后再用。
I thoroughly enjoyed the performance.我非常喜欢这场表演。
The police carried out a thorough investigation.
警方展开了全面的调查。
Everything was in a thorough mess.一切都乱七八糟。
Give the table a thorough wipe.把桌子彻底擦一擦。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Food that is being offered hot must be heated again ________ (thorough).
完成句子
②You must see your doctor for ________(彻底的检查) and find a perfect cure of the pain.
③I am a good typist and have ________ (对英文了解透彻).
④To me, going to the doctor with most mild pains seemed like ________ (完全是浪费时间).
8)calm vi. & vt.(使)平静，(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calmly adv. 平静地)
calm(sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；(使某人)镇静下来
calm oneself 使自己平静下来
stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静
quite calm 相当平静
the calm city 平静的城市
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
我把雏鸟放进巢里，它很快就平静了下来。
I tried to keep calm and just ignore him.
我尽量保持镇静，不去理睬他。
[易混词辨析] calm指风平浪静或人镇静。
still静止不动的，指没有动作。
quiet安静的，指没有噪音、吵闹声或心里不烦躁。
silent沉默的，指没有声音或不讲话。
[试比较]
stay calm in an emergency 在紧急情况下保持镇静
keep the kids quiet 让孩子们保持安静
keep still 保持静止不动
keep silent 保持沉默，没有声音
[即学即练] 根据句意，填上括号内所给单词的适当形式
①Calm yourself ________； there is no need to feel upset about it. 让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
②So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, ________(calm), healthier？那么，我们跳舞是为了使自己感觉更好、更平静、更健康吗？
③The scene scared away everybody but the cowboy still standing ________ (calm) in the forest.
这个情景把大家都吓跑了，只剩下那个骑马牧人，他依然安静地站在森林里。
第二版块|重要短语讲解
1)look forward to 期待；盼望)
“动词＋副词＋介词”结构的短语还有：
get on/along with 与……相处
run out of 用完，用尽
think highly of 高度评价
Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A?level course. 莎拉·托马斯期待着她新的A?level课程的挑战。
I'm looking forward to your reply.我期待着您的回复。
No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking up to you wishing they were that high.
不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人敬仰你，并希望能像你那样。
[注意] no matter how 表示“无论如何，不管怎样”，相当于however。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The editor was looking forward to ________ (become) famous overnight.
②The day we had been looking forward to ________ (come) at last.
③We have been looking forward more and more eagerly to ________ (see) you.
完成句子
④Since we are here now, let's __________________ (着手处理) some serious work.
⑤We are working fast to try to ________________ (弥补) the lost time.
⑥He is a great football star and ________________ (崇拜)by all his fans.
2)have difficulty with...在某方面有困难)
(教材原句)Li Zhen writes about her time at the party in her diary but has had difficulty with verb phrases.
李珍在她的日记中记述了她在聚会上的时光，但是在使用动词短语方面有困难。
He said that he had some difficulty with English.
他说他在学英语方面有困难。
[注意]
①have difficulty with sth.常可记成have difficulty (in) doing sth.如：
I have a great deal of difficulty in restoring order.
我费了很大劲才把乱糟糟的东西收拾整齐。
②否定形式为have no difficulty with sth.或have no difficulty (in) doing sth.
③其它类似的用法：
[易错获救] 此短语中difficulty 和trouble 为不可数名词，均不可用复数形式；problem则常用复数形式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We had no difficulty in ________ (find) the house.
②Do you have any difficulty ________ your English
③They had no ________ (problem) with money.
④There was some ________ (difficulty) in doing my homework．
一句多译
我在1500米赛跑方面总是有困难。
⑤I always have some ________________the race of 1，500 meters.
⑥I always have some difficulty ________________ 1，500 meters.
⑦I always have some trouble ________ the race ________ 1，500 meters.
⑧I always have some ________________ 1，500 meters.
⑨I always have some ________________ the race of 1，500 meters.
⑩I always have some ________________ 1，500 meters.
第三版块|疑难句型剖析
1)形容词作主语补足语)
(教材原句)Early in the morning, I woke up excited.
一大早，我兴奋地醒来。
句式分析 excited是形容词作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态。
He accepted his partner's challenge, excited.
他很兴奋地接受了他搭档的挑战。(he→excited)
He passed the document to me, unhappy.他把那份文件递给了我，很不高兴。(he→unhappy)
We arrived at home very late, dynamic, safe and sound.
我们到家很晚，精力充沛并安然无恙。
The athlete leaped up and accepted the prize, happy and surprised.
这位运动员又高兴又吃惊，跳起来接受奖品。
[即学即练] 用形容词作主语补足语翻译句子。
①他走过来的时候醉醺醺的。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②他死的时候很穷。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③他到达了目的地时， 几乎精疲力尽。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2)It takes/took some time for sb.＋to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。)
(教材原句)Grandpa couldn't believe his eyes and it took quite a long time for them to calm down.爷爷简直不相信自己的眼睛，他们过了很长时间才平静下来。
句式分析 It takes/took some time for sb. to do sth..＝It takes/took sb. some time to do sth..
It took three years to complete it and it was built using an interesting method．花了三年时间才完成它，并且是用一种有趣的方法建造的。(using...是现在分词短语作方式状语)
[相关拓展] “花费”的其他几种说法
·cost花费：主语一般是物。
Sth. cost(s) sb. some money.
·pay花费：主语为人。
Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
·spend花费：主语为人。
Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱。
Sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.某人花费一些时间做某事。
Sb. spend(s) some money (on) doing sth.某人花费一些金钱做某事。
[特别提醒] take表示“花费”，主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)，不可以是人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She paid 20 yuan ________ the lantern.
②It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
③Every day I spend half an hour online with my penfriend ________ (talk) about our stressful life.
完成句子
④这些啤酒花了我10美元。
The beer __________________ me 10 dollars.
3)关系副词why引导定语从句)
(教材原句)It's important to mention: the reason why you want to describe the event... 重要的是：说明你想描述该事件的原因……
句式分析 why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason, why在定语从句中作原因状语。
(1)The reason why/for which...is that... ……的原因是……(that引导表语从句)
(2)This/That is why... 这/那就是为什么……(why后接结果)
(3)This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(because后接原因)
There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有各种各样的原因。
The reason why he resigned is his poor health.
她辞职的原因是健康不佳。
The reason is that I was angry.原因是我生气了。
That is the reason why he did it.那是他做那事的原因。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The reason ______ he didn't pass the interview is ______ he lacked competence.
②That is ________ we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.
③He wouldn't like to go out, this is ________ he doesn't feel well.
④Tom was ill. This was ________ he was absent from class today.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After greeting each other, the old lady began to cry again, but they were ________ (泪水)of joy.
2．Although her ________(描述)sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.
3．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these ________(事件)，were asleep as usual that night.
4．I like my sports wear while my deskmate is fond of school ________ (制服).
5．The spring festival is drawing near and my parents ask us to do a ________ (彻底/完全) cleaning.
6．I ________(谦虚地) share my love for all people on earth.
Ⅱ.短语填空
select...to (do)..., calm...down, burst into tears, look forward to, nowhere to be found, make up for
1．Whenever I want to write down my new idea, paper is ________．
2．He ________， rushing out of the door to seek help.
3．________ yourself ________； there is no need to feel so disappointed at it.
4．At the moment, the children ________ studying on the new campus.
5．Simon ________ work as a volunteer in the community recently.
6．We should work harder to ________ the time that we lost during the three years of epidemic.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．With nowhere else ________ (go), my nephew did manage to live an independent life.
2．According to the report, we spend a full third of our lives ________ (wait).
3．School ________ (uniform) are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
4．First celebrated in 1970，the day now includes ________ (event) in more than 190 countries and regions.
5．Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid ________ (describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
6．A successful swap depends on the ________ (select) of clothes, the organisation of the event, and, obviously, how much fun it had.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．When you meet with difficult problems, ________________ (保持平静) and confident is the key to success.
2．Stories from the champion were so moving that many people ________________ (被感动的流下了眼泪).
3．During the summer, New York offers a variety of special ________________ (文化活动).
4．We all congratulated him for he ________________________ (作出了明智的选择).
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他盼望着从阅读中得到益处。(look forward to, benefit)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．她如此难过的原因是实验的结果令人不满意。(why 引导定语从句，satisfying)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．你的朋友回到家，筋疲力尽还很失望。(形容词作主补，disappointed)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这个孩子每天花费大量时间网上冲浪。(take, surf the Internet)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(共100张PPT)
Section F 单元语法专项
单元语法专项(1)
——被动语态
(一) 语态概述
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间是“施事”还是“受事”关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的施事者、执行者；而被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的受事者、承受者。主动句变为被动句时，其宾语在被动语态句子中一般成为主语。动词的语态和时态融合在一起，不可分离、不可独立存在。
1．被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成形式为：be＋过去分词。其中be为助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。如果使用情态动词，则其构成形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
2．被动语态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
◆不含情态动词的被动语态
(1)肯定句式：主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他．
Laura，you are wanted in the office.
劳拉，办公室有人找你。
Our school was built in 1961.
我们学校建于1961年。
(2)否定句式：主语＋be＋not＋过去分词＋其他．
The problem hasn't been solved yet.
这个问题还没解决。
The window was not broken by John, but by the wind.
窗子不是约翰打破的，而是被风刮破的。
(3)一般疑问句式：Be＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Is this song sung by that famous singer
这首歌是那位著名歌手唱的吗？
Was he invited to the opening ceremony
他受邀出席开幕式了吗？
(4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Why was Tom asked to stay behind after school
汤姆为何在放学后被要求留下？
◆含有情态动词的被动语态
(1)肯定句式：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他。
This must be done as soon as possible.
这件事必须尽快做。
Cross the road very carefully. Look at both sides, or you might be knocked down.
过马路要非常小心，要看两边，不然你有可能被撞倒。
(2)否定句式：主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他。
What has been done cannot be undone.
覆水难收。
Such problems shouldn't be ignored.
这样的问题不容忽视。
(3)一般疑问句式：情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Should all the corn be gathered today
所有的玉米今天都应该收起来吗？
Must the magazine be returned next week
这本杂志下周必须归还吗？
(4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Why should the article be typed in such a way
为什么这篇文章用这种方式打印(出来)
注：如果疑问词作主语，则是：疑问词＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Who may be sent abroad for further study
谁可能被派出国深造呢？
(二) 各种时态的被动语态概览
1．一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are＋过去分词
The young pretty English teacher is loved by all her students.
这位年轻漂亮的英语老师受到她所有学生的喜爱。
A sound of piano is often heard in the next room.
经常听到隔壁房间里有钢琴声。
2．一般过去时的被动语态：was/were＋过去分词
The boy was brought up in the orphanage.
这个男孩是在孤儿院被抚养大的。
She was called her nickname when she was young.
她小时候被叫绰号。
3．一般将来时的被动语态：will，am/is/are going to，am/is/are to＋be＋过去分词
This matter will be looked into in the future.
这件事将来是要调查的。
When will the school sports meeting be held
什么时候举行学校运动会啊？
What is going to be discussed today
今天要讨论什么？
The exhibition is to be held next month.
展览将于下个月举办。
4．过去将来时的被动语态：would，was/were going to，was/were to＋be＋过去分词
He said the work would be finished in a week.
他说这项工作将在一周后完成。
She told me that a wonderful play was going to be put on at this theatre.
她告诉我这家剧院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。
5．现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
The thief is being questioned in the next room.
那个小偷正在隔壁房间接受审问。
Is the car accident being looked into now
那起交通事故正在被调查吗？
6．过去进行时的被动语态：was/were＋being＋过去分词
When I called, tea was being served.
当我打电话时，正值上茶之际。
The Children's Palace was being built last month. I'm not sure if it is completed.
上个月少年宫正在建造中，我拿不准它完成了没有。
7．现在完成时的被动语态：have/has＋been＋过去分词
The party has been planned since the new year.
这次聚会自新年开始就计划好了。
Has the project been completed
这项工程已经完成了吗？
8．过去完成时的被动语态：had＋been＋过去分词
Sophia looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening.
索菲娅望着那些已经点亮的并放在洞口附近的灯笼。
Had the fire been put out when the firefighters arrived
消防队员到达时火已经扑灭了吗？
9．将来完成时的被动语态：will have＋been＋过去分词
The drawing will have been completed by the end of this week.
这幅画将在本周末完成。
The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives.
这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。
10．过去将来完成时的被动语态：would have＋been＋过去分词
I was sure that the dispute would have been solved by that time.
我确信到那时这个争端就已经被解决了。
We were told that the project would have been completed by the end of this year.
我们被告知这个项目将在今年年底完成。
(三) 由主动语态到被动语态的转换
1．“主＋动＋宾”(S＋V＋O)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋宾”(S＋V＋O)结构在转换为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，原来的谓语动词变为“be＋过去分词”形式，原来的主语在被动句中由by引导，通常可以和by一起省略。
We have built many bridges in the past ten years.
在过去的十年中，我们建了许多桥梁。
→Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years.
I met my old friend on the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上碰见了我的老朋友。
→My old friend was met on the street yesterday.
We are looking into the matter.
我们正在调查这件事。
→The matter is being looked into (by us).
2．“主＋动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”( S＋V＋IO＋DO)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”( S＋V＋IO＋DO)结构转换为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语变为被动句的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转换为带介词to的结构；另一种可以转换为带介词for的结构。
(1)转换为带介词to的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即：可将直接宾语或间接宾语变为主语)。可用于这样转换的动词主要有bring，give，hand，lend，send，offer，pass, sell, show, tell等。
We gave him some books./We gave some books to him.
我们给了他一些书。
→He was given some books./Some books were given to him.
Liza sent me an email./Liza sent an email to me.
丽萨给我发了一封电子邮件。
→An email was sent to me by Liza./I was sent an email by Liza.
(2)转化为带介词for的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，不用间接宾语作主语，并且一般在间接宾语前用介词for。可以这样转换的动词主要有buy，make，find, get, do, fetch, order, sing等。
He bought his girlfriend a nice gift./He bought a nice gift for his girlfriend.
他给女朋友买了一份很棒的礼物。
→A nice gift was bought for his girlfriend (by him).
My mother made me a skirt./My mother made a skirt for me.
我妈妈给我做了一条裙子。
→A skirt was made for me by my mother.
3．“主＋动＋宾＋宾补”(S＋V＋O＋C)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋宾＋宾补”(S＋V＋O＋C)结构转换为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。带有形式宾语it的句子一般把it变为被动句的主语。
They have made the deserted temple their shelter.
他们已把那座荒废的寺庙当成了他们的避难所。
→The deserted temple has been made their shelter.
那座荒废的寺庙已被当成了他们的避难所。
We always keep the classroom clean.
我们总是保持教室清洁。
→The classroom is always kept clean.
教室总是保持清洁。
They asked me to help them.
他们叫我帮助他们。
→I was asked to help them.
我被叫去帮他们了。
We saw them playing football.
我们看到他们在踢足球。
→They were seen playing football by us.
他们被我们看见在踢足球。
We consider it wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
我们认为对犯错误的孩子大喊大叫是不对的。
→It is considered wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
对犯错误的孩子大喊大叫被认为是不对的。
特别注意
在see，watch, hear，notice，feel，make等词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但转换为被动结构时要加上to。
We often hear her sing.
我们经常听到她唱歌。
→She is often heard to sing by us.
我们经常听到她唱歌。
You don't have to make Peter work hard.
你没有必要强迫彼得努力学习。
→Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard.
彼得没必要被强迫努力学习。
4.短语动词的被动语态
有些短语动词及物，可以转换为被动语态。主要有以下三种情况：
(1)“动词＋副词”型
“动词＋副词”型的短语动词，如pick up，work out，find out，carry out，take up，figure out，throw out等在转换为被动语态时，可直接把宾语变为主语，然后把短语动词变为被动形式。
Many of my bad habits have been given up.
我已改掉了很多坏习惯。
A new policy was carried out.
新的政策实施了。
Our performance is to be put off till next week.
我们的演出将推迟到下周。
(2)“动词＋介词”型
“动词＋介词”型的短语动词，如look at, look after, listen to, move into, break into等。
Ancient buildings are carefully looked after.
古代建筑被精心地照管着。
The new song is not popular and is seldom listened to.
这首新歌不受欢迎，很少被人听。
(3)“动词＋副词＋介词”或“动词＋名词＋介词”型
这样的短语大多都能变为被动形式，如look down upon(轻视)，do away with(废除；杀死)，take care of(照顾)，make use of(利用)，make efforts over(努力)，play a part in(起作用)，pay attention to(注意)等。有时可把“动词＋名词＋介词”短语动词中的名词变成被动语态的主语。
More attention should be paid to our environment.
应该多注意我们的环境。
Such bad behaviour can't be put up with.
这么恶劣的行为不能容忍。
有的短语动词还可以有两种被动形式。例如：
We should take good care of the old people.
→Good care should be taken of the old people.
The old people should be taken good care of.
I will make full use of my spare time to learn English.
→Full use will be made of my spare time to learn English.
My spare time will be made full use of to learn English.
5．含有宾语从句的主动句的被动语态
含有宾语从句的主动句在变为被动语态时，it作被动句的形式主语，变为“It is/was＋过去分词＋that...”结构，有的还可变为“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构。
通常可用于这两种类型的动词有say，believe，consider, expect, know, report, suppose, think等。
People say that Tom is a smart boy.
人们都说汤姆是个聪明的孩子。
→It is said that Tom is a smart boy.
→Tom is said to be a smart boy.
We expect that he will come soon.
我们期待他不久就会到来。
→It's expected that he will come soon.
→He is expected to come soon.
They think that she has made great progress.
他们认为她取得了很大进步。
→It's thought that she has made great progress.
→She is thought to have made great progress.
6．祈使句的被动语态
祈使句的被动结构为“Let＋宾语＋be＋过去分词．”；否定被动结构为“Don't＋let＋宾语＋be＋过去分词．”或“Let＋宾语＋not be＋过去分词．”。
Weigh the parcel right here.→Let the parcel be weighed right here.
就在这里称包裹。
Don't put the piano here.→Don't let the piano be put here./Let the piano not be put here.
不要把钢琴放在这儿。
(四) 英语为何喜欢使用被动语态？
该问题虽然涉及中西方文化差异，但是，使用被动语态自有其原因和规律。句子使用主动还是被动语态，通常应根据具体情况而定。一般情况下，主动语态用得比较多，也比较自然。但下面几种情况一般使用被动语态。
1．不知或不必提及动作的执行者时
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
2．强调动作的承受者时
强调动作的承受者，把承受者作为谈话的中心时，常用被动语态。这类句子常加by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可不加。
Many buildings were destroyed in the big fire.
许多楼房在大火中被烧毁了。
3．动作的执行者不明确时
动作的执行者是泛指时(如people，one，anyone等)，常用被动语态。
The house has been broken into.
有人强行闯入这座房子。
4．出于礼貌，不说出动作的执行者时
You will be contacted.会和你联系的。
5．为使句子更加合理、流畅
有时为了使句子保持平衡或使句子更加合理，使用被动语态。
These products are produced by our company, which was set up in 1949.
这些产品都是我们公司生产的，我们公司是1949年成立的。
6．公告、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中
在公告、新闻报道、报纸标题(其中的be常省略)、科技文章中常用被动语态。
Rubbish is strictly prohibited here.
此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告)
7．反身代词作宾语时
反身代词在主动句中作宾语时，常改用被动语态，而省略反身代词。
We were seated in the front of the theatre.
(＝We seated ourselves in the front of the theatre.)
我们坐在了剧院的前面。
(五) 被动语态的注意事项
1．有些感官动词如look，appear，seem, sound, taste，smell，feel等，用主动形式表示被动意义
His suggestion sounds great.
他的建议听起来不错。
Silk feels smooth.
丝绸摸起来光滑。
The dish tastes delicious.
这道菜尝起来好吃。
2．有些不及物动词，常以主动形式表达被动意义
主语一般指物，谓语动词通常表示主语的内在品质或性能，而且通常有一个必具性状语修饰(如well，easily等)。
The door locks easily.
这门很好锁。
The cloth washes well.
这布料很耐洗。
Our teaching aid books sell well.
我们的教辅书很畅销。
3．有些介词短语作表语，其主动形式含有被动意义
有时介词短语“be＋in/on/under＋名词”含被动意义，可用来代替现在进行时的被动语态。
The computer is in use (＝is being used) now.电脑正在使用中。
These high tech products are on display (＝are being displayed) these days.
近几天这些高科技产品正在展出中。
The highway is under construction (＝is being constructed).
这条公路正在建设中。
The suggestion is under discussion (＝is being discussed) at the meeting.
会上正在讨论这个建议。
4．少数动词用于现在进行时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。多用于与日常生活、行业术语有关的动词
The rice is cooking.米饭正在煮。
The breakfast is preparing now.早餐正在准备。
My piano is still mending.我的钢琴还在修理。
This game is constantly playing.这个游戏一直在玩。
The film is showing.电影正在放映。
5．“get＋过去分词”构成的被动语态
该结构多用于日常生活起居、突发不利事件以及习惯好恶的一种渐变过程等。
The vase was broken by the maid, but the master wanted to know how it got broken.
花瓶被女佣人打破了，但雇主想知道它是怎样被打破的。
He could not wash himself or get dressed.
他既不会自己洗澡，也不会(自己)穿衣。
She got burnt when she was cooking in the kitchen.她在厨房做饭时被烧伤了。
The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday.上周二矿工们被困在很深的矿井中。
The picture got damaged when we were moving.
我们搬家时，这幅画损坏了。
6．被动语态和系表结构的区别
有些行为动词变为过去分词后，由动作变为状态，转化为形容词，如broken(被打破后的结果)，written(写完后的情况)等。如何区别形容词作表语表示状态，还是被动语态？试比较：
The vase is broken. It isn't worth so much money.(系表结构)
The vase was broken by my little brother yesterday. (被动语态)
The article is written in simple English.(系表结构)
The article was written by Lu Xun.(被动语态)
通过比较含有此类行为动词的过去分词形式的句子发现，“系表结构”表示状态，多用于一般现在时，不加by sb.；“被动语态”表示动作，常用于过去时，可以加by sb.。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用动词(短语)的正确形式完成句子
1．The Dragon Boat Festival ______________ (consider) as a very important occasion, when adults will hold a dragon boat race.
2．After graduating from sports college, Paul ____________ (accept) as a professional athlete.
3．Congratulations ________ (send) to the athlete after he defeated his competitors and became the champion.
4．According to the local tradition, not only ________ their houses ________ (decorate), but turkey and pudding are also served on this occasion.
is considered
was accepted
were sent
are
decorated
5．Besides, a delicious snack ____________ (provide) by the host for the gathering last week.
6．Advertisements will ________ (put up) to call on young people to try out for the football team.
7．The host gave a detailed account of the match, and then the reasons for their defeat ________________ (summarise) by the coach.
8．In other words, importance ought to __________ (attach) to body language.
9．She ________ (make) very awkward throughout the gathering because she was ignored by the host.
was provided
be put up
were summarised
be attached
was made
10．According to their traditions and customs, an annual boxing match ________ (hold) during the festival.
11．The beasts _____________ (scare away) because the villagers shouted all the time.
12．At the wedding, the bride and groom ______________ (surround) by the guests who were greeting them.
13．A large amount of wine and beer ______________ (bring in) by a teenager in jeans.
14．As far as I ____________ (concern), I would like to sign up for the annual championship.
is held
were scared away
were surrounded
was brought in
am concerned
15．The teenagers _____________ (require) to behave appropriately on this specific occasion.
16．In general, John ___________ (regard) as a very capable and responsible young man.
17．The doctors made an effort to do their duty, and the disease ____________ (prevent) from spreading.
18．Patience and energy, in particular，________ (need) in this job.
19．The athlete's behaviour caught the eye of the audience and he ___________ (award) the best performance prize.
were required
is regarded
was prevented
are needed
was awarded
20．She whispered to me over and over that she ________ (feed) up with the noise here.
21．To our relief, the old man ________ no longer ________ (treat) like that after he passed away.
22．A detailed description of the event __________ (give) by the cyclist.
23．He ____________ (amaze) at the amazing sight so that he couldn't calm down.
24．To my disappointment, my school uniform was nowhere ________ (find).
was fed
was
treated
was given
was amazed
to be found
Ⅱ.用被动语态改写句子
1．We can finish the work in two days.
The work ________________________ by us in two days.
2．They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk __________________ in Suzhou by them.
3．The children will sing an English song.
An English song ________________________ by the children.
4．You needn't do it now.
It ________________________ by you now.
5．Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.
A New Year Card ________________________ me by Lucy last week.
can be finished
is produced
will be sung
needn't be done
was sent to
6．People use metal for making machines.
Metal ___________________ for making machines by people.
7．He made me do that for him.
I ________________________ that for him.
8．I have given this book to the library.
This book ________________________ to the library by me.
9．Did they build a bridge here a year ago
________ a bridge ________ here by them a year ago
10．We'll put on an English play in our school.
An English play ________________________ on in our school by us.
is used
was made to do
has been given
Was
built
will be put
11．More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.
Colour TV sets ________________________ by more and more farmers.
12．My brother often mends his watch.
His watch __________________ by my brother.
13．We must water the flowers every day.
The flowers must ________________________ by us every day.
14．They use knives for cutting things.
Knives ________________________ for cutting things by them.
15．He made the farmers work for a long time.
The farmers ________________________ for a long time by him.
are bought
is often mended
be watered
are used
were made to work
16．Did he break the window yesterday
________ the window ______________ yesterday
17．They have sold out the light green dresses.
The light green dresses ____________________ out by them.
18．We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom ________________________ by us every day.
19．You must not plant trees in very dry earth.
Trees ________________________ in very dry earth by you.
20．You can dig a hole in the earth.
A hole ________________________ in the earth by you.
Was
broken by him
have been sold
is cleaned
must not be planted
can be dug
Ⅲ.用正确的时态和语态完成句子
1．The students ________ often ________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2．That play ________ (put) on again sometime next month.
3．The old man is ill. He ___________ (must take) to hospital at once.
4．Vegetables, eggs and fruits ________ (sell) in this shop.
5．What ________ a knife ________ (make) of It ________ (make) of metal and wood.
6．A piano concert ________ (give) here last Friday.
7．________ the magazine ________ (can take) out of the library
8．The room ________ (clean) by the girls every day.
9．________ the stars ________ (can see) in the daytime
10．The flowers ______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
are
told
will be put
must be taken
are sold
is
made
is made
was given
Can
be taken
is cleaned
Can
be seen
have been watered
11．These kinds of machines _____________ (produce) in Japan.
12．Apples _____________ (grow) on this farm.
13．Russian ________ (learn) as a second language by some students in China.
14．Planes, cars and trains ____________ (use) by business people for travelling.
15．The cinema ________ (build) in 1985.
16．Cars ______________ (must not park) here.
17．A beautiful horse __________ (draw) by John the other day.
18．This kind of computer ____________ (can make) in this company.
19．The book ____________ (print) now and will come out soon.
20．The PLA ____________ (found) on August 1st，1927.
are/were produced
are grown
is learnt
are used
was built
mustn't be parked
was drawn
can be made
is being printed
was founded
Ⅳ.用适当的时态和语态完成短文
We have an old musical instrument. It 1.________ a clavichord (古钢琴). It 2.________ (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord 3.________ (keep)in the living room. It 4.___________ (belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument 5.__________ (buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it 6.____________ (damage) by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings 7.__________ (break). My father 8._____________ (shock). Now we 9.____________ (not allow) to touch it. It 10._____________ (repair) by a friend of my father's now.
is
was made
is kept
has belonged
was bought
was damaged
were broken
was shocked
are not allowed
is being repaired
单元语法专项(2)
——动词短语和短语动词
(一) 概述
动词短语(verb phrases)和短语动词(phrasal verbs)是两个不同的概念。前者是以动词为主，配以宾语或状语的“动词词组”，常见于固定搭配和习语，有独立的语义，如have a rest, speak English, behave well, come into being。后者是以动词为核心，辅以副词或介词的“词组动词”，归根结底还是表示动作，如look up，listen to，get off，look forward to，take care of。
(二) 动词短语（verb phrases）指“动＋宾”和“动＋状”结构的固定搭配
1．及物动词＋宾语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
feel oneself 感觉正常
go shopping 去购物
do some cleaning 打扫卫生
lose courage 丧失勇气
lose heart 丧失信心
lose interest 失去兴趣
lose patience 失去耐心
lose weight 减肥
make sense 讲得通
make the bed 整理床铺
make a bet 打赌
make a bow 鞠躬
make faces 扮鬼脸
take action 采取行动
take advice 接受建议
take aim 瞄准
take a breath 歇口气
take care 当心
take effect 生效
take place 发生
take office 就职
play truant 逃学
keep watch 放哨
2．不及物动词＋状语
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
come into being 形成
come to power 掌权
come into use 开始使用
come to the point 言归正传
come into effect 生效
get in touch 取得联系
get into trouble 遭遇麻烦
get along well 进展顺利
go to bed 上床睡觉
fall into pieces 崩溃
put on weight 长胖
keep in touch 保持联系
live alone 独自生活
(三) 短语动词（phrasal verbs）主要有如下几种结构
1．动词＋副词
“动词＋副词”结构分为两种情况：
(1)若是由及物动词组成，必须接宾语。宾语若为代词，须放在动词和副词之间；宾语若为名词，可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在副词之后。
(2)若是由不及物动词组成，则不能接宾语。
add up 加起来
break off 折断；中断
break out 爆发
bring in 引进；赚取
bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐
call off 取消；停止进行，叫停
carry out 执行
cut off 切断
drink up 喝光
find out 查明；查出
get in 收割
give away 暴露；捐赠
go on 继续
hold up 举起；阻碍
point out 指出，指明
put off 推迟
put on 穿上；上演
put out 熄灭
put up 举起；张贴
pick up 捡起；接某人
set up 建立；建起
take off 起飞
take up 开始从事
tear up 撕碎
turn away 不准某人进入
turn off 关闭
turn down 调小声音；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn up 出现
wear out 磨损；使筋疲力尽
2．动词＋介词
“动词＋介词”结构相当于及物动词，其后应接宾语。
believe in 信任
break into 破门而入
call for (去)接；需要
care for 喜欢；关心
care about 在乎
come across 偶然碰到
deal with 处理；对付
depend on 依靠
get over 克服
go about 开始做，从事
go through 经历；遭受
laugh at 嘲笑
look after 照顾
look into 调查
look for 寻找
run into 撞到；偶然遇上
stand for 代表
stick to 坚持
wait for 等候
wait on 招待
3．动词＋副词＋介词
“动词＋副词＋介词”结构相当于及物动词，其后应接宾语。
add up to 总共，共计
catch up with 赶上
come up with 提出
do away with 废除
get away from 逃离
get along with 进展
get away with 逃脱处罚
get down to 开始认真做
get through to 接通
go in for 喜欢
go on with 继续
hold on to 抓住
keep away from 远离
keep up with 跟上
keep on with 继续
live up to 不辜负
look down upon/on 蔑视
look forward to 期盼
look out for 警惕
look about for 到处寻找
make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍
settle down to 开始认真对待
run out of 用光
4．动词＋宾语＋介词短语
bring...to an end 使……结束
bring...under control 使……在掌控下
have...in mind 考虑，周到
keep...in mind 将……记在心中
keep...in touch 保持联系
bear...in mind 将……记在心中
put...at ease 使……舒适
put...into effect 使……生效
learn...by heart 记住
know...by heart 记住
take...by surprise 使……惊诧
set...on fire 焚烧
take...into account 考虑到
take...into consideration 考虑到
5．动词＋名词＋介词
(1)固定搭配
catch hold of 抓住
make contributions to 对……作出贡献
catch sight of 看见
make friends with 与……交朋友
make fun of 取笑
make peace with 与……讲和
make preparations for 为……做好准备
make room for 为……腾出空
make sense of 理解，弄懂
make way for 给……让路
make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
show an interest in 对……表现出兴趣
take account of 考虑到
take advantage of 利用
take care of 照顾
take charge of 负责；控制
take delight in 以……为乐
take hold of 握住
take notice of 注意到
take part in 参加
take pride in 以……为骄傲
(2)动词＋oneself＋介词
seat oneself in/on 坐在
dress oneself in 穿衣
absent oneself from 缺席
busy oneself with 忙于
pride oneself on 得意于
accustom oneself to 习惯于
accommodate oneself to 适应
adapt oneself to 适应
adjust oneself to 适应
addict oneself to 上瘾于
abandon oneself to 沉湎于
address oneself to 着手；设法解决
amuse oneself with 用……自娱
apply oneself to 致力于
break oneself of 戒掉
bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
charge oneself with 使承担
hide oneself in 藏身于
concern oneself with 关心
limit oneself to 局限于
content oneself with 满足于
devote oneself to 致力于
dedicate oneself to 献身于
distinguish oneself as 使著名
drown oneself in 埋头于，沉溺于
engage oneself in 从事，忙于
familiarise yourself with (使)熟悉
free oneself from (使)摆脱
give oneself to 热衷于
help oneself to 自己取
lose oneself in 沉迷于
occupy oneself with 使忙于
oppose oneself to 反对
prepare oneself for 准备
present oneself at 出席
restrict oneself to 约束
resign oneself to 听任
rid oneself of 摆脱
throw oneself into 投身于
associate oneself with 表示支持
特点注意
上述结构通常可换用be＋v. ed形式。例如：
He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
＝He was quickly accustomed to this new way of life.
他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
The old man addicted himself to smoking.
＝The old man was addicted to smoking.
那位老人吸烟成瘾。
(四) 动词短语或短语动词的学习方法
(一)在“动词＋介词”结构中，一般而言，介词的作用有两个：
1．让这个不及物动词可以接宾语，介词从中起到中介和桥梁的作用；
2．补足动词的词义。比方说，单独一个look是“看”，后面加上不同的介词，让“看”的外延扩大。例如，look for中for表示目的，意为“想得到；为了得到”。所以，看的目的是“寻找某物”，也可以是“想得到某物”。look after中after表示“跟在后面；跟随”，所以，跟着看就是“照顾；照料”。可以想象一下，你跟在一个人的身后注视着他，一旦有需要就会及时提供帮助，无论生病在床，还是孩子在前面走路，你都要look after him/her。
在“动词＋副词”结构中，一般而言，副词的作用都是表意的。它对动词不是修饰关系，而是补充关系，让这个动词的词义更广泛、更丰满或产生新的词义。例如，give up这个短语，这里give不是通常的词义“给予”，而是另外一个意思：认输，服从，让步。give up中的up指“彻底屈服和放弃的结果”。
(二)一个动词词组，不是无缘无故地胡乱拼凑而成，而是有一定的规则和原理。例如，我们学过的一个动词短语get away with telling people lies，有的同学不理解单词表上为什么把get away with...翻译为“做了坏事不受惩罚”。其实，只要理解了该词组的字面意思就知道为什么了。get away意为“逃脱；逃离”，with表示“携带”，组合在一起就是“携带着所做的坏事跑掉了”，那就是意味着“做了坏事没受惩罚”。又如put on weight这个短语是“增加体重；发福”的意思，weight是“重量”，put on为何翻译成“增加”？其实，put on仍含有“穿衣”(把衣服放在身体上)的那层意思，若“把重量放在身上”那不是“增加了体重”吗？以下是学习短语动词的几种思路。
1．“寻找”：look之后为何用for
在平时学习的过程中，我们要注重发现语言规律。同一个动词，为何用不同的介词？例如：
①look at the blackboard，at表示目标，指视力集中的小范围。“看黑板”是指看的目标。
②look to the east，to表示方向，“东方”是方向，不是目标，所以用to，而不用at。
③look into the well，“井”是有体积的东西，“向里面看”要用into。“天空”也一样，所以我们说look into the sky，不说look at the sky，因为天空是漫无边际的，at指具体的目标，显然不能搭配在一起。
④look out of the window，人从室内向外看，还要通过窗户，所以一定要用out of。
⑤look for the pen，钢笔丢了需要找，那么看是为了得到，for表示目的(为了得到)，所以是“寻找”。
介词for可以跟许多词义不同的不及物动词连用，构成固定搭配。首先我们发现，for这个介词，它表示“目的”和“得到”的含义，因此在这些动词词组中都保留了这种含义。以下含有for的短语动词，for的含义基本一致，区别就在动词本身。
①look for，look(看)是为了得到，所以表示“寻找”；
②wait for，wait(等)是为了见到，所以表示“等待”；
③ask for，ask(问)是为了获得，所以表示“要求”；
④pay for，pay(付钱)是为了得到别的东西，所以表示“购买”；
⑤search for，search(搜)是为了得到，所以表示“寻找”；
⑥reach for，reach(伸手)是为了取得，所以表示“伸手取”；
⑦apply for，apply(申请)是为了得到，所以表示“申请得到”；
⑧call for，call(叫)是为了得到，所以表示“要求”；
⑨send for，send(派出)是为了请到，所以表示“派人去请”；
⑩fight for，fight(战斗)是为了得到(权利、自由等)，所以表示“为……而战”。
2．由get off the bus想到off的含义
上面讲了for跟一些动词搭配的情况。当然，for还有其他的意思，暂且不论。再说一个词off，这个词既可作介词，也可作副词，跟动词连用也构成许多固定搭配。我们发现，该词含有“脱离”“分离”“离开”等含义。
①get off表示“下车”，意味着人“离开”了汽车。
②take off表示“脱衣”或“起飞”。“脱衣”意味着衣服“离开”了人体；“起飞”意味着飞机“离开”了陆地。
③keep off the grass是一句常用语，意思是“远离草坪”。
④switch off和turn off，都表示“关闭开关，切断电源”，使电器和电源“断开”。
⑤fall off和drop off，“The apple fell (dropped) off the tree.”意味着苹果“离开”了树枝。
⑥set off和start off都表示“出发”或“动身”，意味着人“离开”了原地到另一个地方去。
⑦send off和see off都表示“为某人送行”，意味着送某人“离开”，甚至目送很远。
⑧cut off，cut off a piece of bread表示“切下一片面包”，意味着这片面包“离开”了原来那块面包；此外，cut off还有“切断”的意思，既然切断了，那么两个事物也就“分离”了。
⑨come off表示“脱落”，“A button has come off my coat.(一颗扣子从大衣上掉下来了)”说明扣子“离开”了衣服。
⑩jump off the wall表示“从墙上跳下来”，意味着人“离开”墙了。
give off smoke表示“发出/放出烟雾”，说明烟雾“离开”了原来的火源。
pay off the debt表示“还清了债务”，意味着“离开”了债务缠身的境地。
ring off表示“挂电话”，意味着通话双方已经“离开”电话。
carry off表示“赢得；获得”，“Tom carried off first prize in the contest.(汤姆在竞赛中获得了一等奖)”意味着奖品“离开”原来的地方或发奖单位。
wipe off和rub off，wipe/rub off the stain表示“把污渍从衣服上擦掉”，意味着污渍“离开”了衣服。
wash off表示“洗掉”，跟上面两个词组词义相似。
tear off和strip off表示“撕掉”“剥掉”，意味着包装“离开”原来的物体。
clear off表示“走开”或“清扫”，意味着人“离开”原来的地方；clear off the table是指让剩饭和餐具“离开”桌子。
pick off表示“摘下”，意味着让果子“离开”树枝。
bite off表示“咬下”，bite off a piece of the apple(咬下一块苹果)意味着这一块苹果“离开”了原来那个苹果。
[21]像go off(离开)，walk off(走开)，run off(跑掉)，move off(离去)，hurry off(匆忙离去)，rush off(匆忙离开)这些词组，off跟这些“转移动词”(暂称)连用时，都表示“离开，离去”的概念。
3．从习惯用语rob sb. of sth.看表示“涉及”之意的of
在遇到“The man robbed her of her bag.”这个句子时，大家习惯上跟remind sb. of sth.，warn sb. of sth.等词组作类比记忆。那么它们的共同之处到底在哪里呢？
大家知道，介词是英语中非常活跃的一类词，而of则是最活跃的介词之一，它表示的意思有十几个。它的主要用法是表达“所属关系”，其次是跟动词连用表示“涉及”，如remind sb. of sth.和warn sb. of sth.中的of表示“提醒和警告的内容是/涉及”，此用法在英语中的习惯表达是：动词＋sb. of sth.。
This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.
这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利。
This method will free them of a lot of debts.
这个办法会使他们摆脱巨额债务。
This new medicine will cure him of his skin disease.
这种新药将能治好他的皮肤病。
The professor hoped to break the students of the habit of looking for easy answers.
教授希望改掉学生们不动脑筋就找答案的习惯。
The man cheated me of my watch.
那人骗走了我的手表。
The witness cleared me of the charge.
证人澄清了对我的指控。
It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
要戒掉一个人的坏习惯确实不容易。
4．从“捡起”到“偶然学到”——pick up的引申义和比喻义给我们的启示
一个短语动词，往往有多个词义。在学习过程中，是把所有的词义和用法死记硬背，还是通过理解去记忆？学习一个单词或短语，首先看字面意思，也叫“本义”，其次是“引申义”，再次是“比喻义”。这个顺序不能颠倒，否则就违背认知规律。
例如，pick up的本义是“捡起；拾起”。它由pick(捡)和up(向上；起来)两个词义合成而来。
He picked up his knife and fork.
他捡起了刀叉。
He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.
他抱起孩子，让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
掌握了本义之后，引申义就好理解了。我们常说“用车接某人；让某人搭车”，就用pick up这个词组，它的意思是，某人在家、在路边或在某个地方，用车去“pick up”他，说明这个词组仍然具有“捡起；拾起”的含义。最近几年的高考试题，还多次出现了带有pick up比喻义“偶然学会”的题目，这实际上是考查学生对一个词组的灵活掌握。
以下例句中，pick up的意思可谓繁多而复杂，但都是由本义“捡起；拾起”衍生的引申义和比喻义。
He picked up news from all sources.
他从各种渠道收集消息。
She picked up a valuable first edition at a book sale.
她在书市上买到一本珍贵的首版书。
I am able to pick you up on the short wave radio.
我能用短波收音机收听到你的信号。
The dog easily picked up the scent of the murderer.
狗轻易地嗅出了谋杀者的气味。
He picked up the girl at a college disco.
他在大学的迪斯科舞会上偶然结识了那个姑娘。
Pick yourself up and go on.
自己站起来，继续前行。
She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
[10]A cup of coffee might pick you up.
一杯咖啡也许能使你振作起来。
以上例句展示了pick up常见的几种意思。只要掌握了它的基本含义，那么，结合具体语境，它有什么样的含义都能体会和翻译出来。俗话说“万变不离其宗”，只要掌握了pick up的本义，那么其他所有的引申义和比喻义都可以理解和掌握。
5．除了方位“向上”，up还有什么意思？
谈到up，它除了基本义是“向上”(go up，come up，get up，pick up，stand up，climb up，look up等)以外，还有一个很重要的用法，就是表示“完结和结束”，经常跟一些及物动词连用，这类动词一般与“消费和消耗”有关。
(1)use up用尽
After he lost his job, he used up all his savings.
他失业后吃光了老本。
(2)eat up吃光
It was greedy of them to eat up all the candy.
他们把所有的糖都吃光了，真贪吃。
(3)drink up喝干
To my surprise, she drank up the whole bottle of wine.
使我惊奇的是，她把一瓶酒全喝了。
(4)swallow up吞没
It is believed that a black hole can swallow up any objects like stars near it.
人们相信黑洞可以将周围的一切物体吞食掉，比如恒星。
(5)buy up买断
He bought up all the spare building land in the district.
他把这个地区的所有闲置的建筑土地全部买下了。
(6)sell up售完
The girl told me that film tickets were sold up.
那个女孩告诉我说电影票已经卖完了。
(7)pay up付清
I had a hard time getting him to pay up.
我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。
(8)burn up烧尽
Let's burn up all this waste paper.
咱们把这些废纸烧掉吧。
(9)wash up洗净
After every meal there is a stack of dishes I need to wash up.
每顿饭后，我都有一大堆盘子要洗。
(10)fill up充满
[10] I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.
我想在还车之前把油箱加满。
(11)finish up用尽
[11] We'll finish up the remains of the meat for supper.
晚饭时我们将把剩下的肉吃光。
(12)sum up总结
[12] You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech.
你只能用100字来概括他的讲话。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.根据句子意思，用get的相关搭配填空
1．He couldn't have Yong Hui ______________ telling people lies!
2．The bridge was destroyed so we couldn't ________ the river.
3．“How are you _____________ your English study？”“Very well.”
4．The little cat climbed to the top of the tree and was afraid to ________．
5．The thief tried to __________ the police, which he found impossible.
6．You should ________ your smoking habit, the sooner the better.
getting away with
get across
getting along with
get down
get away from
get out of
7．I wanted to make a telephone to her, but I couldn't ________.
8．They ________ at Christmas time last year and they had a good time.
9．There isn't much time left. How can one ____________ all this work before the office closes
10．He is still asleep; he hasn't ________．
11．The newspaper apologised that it had ______ the fact _____．
12．The train had already left by the time they ________ the station.
get through
got together
get through
got up
got
wrong
got to
13．There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot ________．
14．Don't ________ the bus until it stops.
15．The farmers were ________ the wheat when we arrived at the farm.
16．Make sure that you ________ all the questions ________ before you hand the papers in.
17．It began to rain as soon as they ________ home.
18．You will ________ trouble if you don't listen to me.
get over
get off
getting in
get
right
got back
get into
Ⅱ.根据句子意思，用set的固定搭配填空
1．I don't want to ________ a series of facts in the diary as most people do.
2．He decided to ________ a school for the poor children from the mountain villages.
3．The film ________ California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered.
4．The weather was very cold and they had to ________ some wood to warm themselves.
5．“Have you ________ for the meeting？”“Not yet, but it will be held next week.”
6．The famous writer sat down in his chair, put some paper on the writing desk and ________ writing.
set down
set up
is set in
set fire to
set a date
set about
7．Alice is a very nice girl and ready to help others.
She has __________________ to us and we should learn from her.
8．It's time for supper. Please ____________ and put some dishes on it.
9．The man was arrested by the police, because he ________ the store ________．
10．One afternoon the sailors ____________ from the coast in a small boat and were caught in a storm.
11．He wanted to know the exact time, so he ____________ by the radio time signal.
12．The king pardoned the prisoners and they were ________．
13．She ________ a bit of money every month for future use.
set a good example
set the table
set
on fire
set out/off
set the clock
set free
sets aside
Ⅲ.根据句子意思，用go的相关搭配填空
1．Most students in our school ________ sports and games. They are becoming stronger and stronger now.
2．Before liberation, the old man suffered a lot and _____________ many hardships.
3．As time ________， he got to realise his mistakes.
4．The teacher was ____________ our examination papers when I paid a visit to her.
5．If we don't finish painting the kitchen today, we can ________ it tomorrow.
go in for
went through
went by
going through
go on with
6．Though I was very hungry, I had to ______________ breakfast this morning as I was in a hurry.
7．Tomorrow there will be a maths test for us. l have to ________ my lessons now.
8．The fish has ________ because of the hot weather. You can't eat it any longer.
9．What he had said ____________ his will. He was unwilling to do so.
10．The actress wanted to buy a hat to ________ her black dress.
go without
go over
gone bad
went against
go with
11．The price of goods is ________. That is to say, things are becoming expensive.
12．All the lights ________ suddenly because of a power failure.
13．He was not feeling quite well; he _____________ to have a health examination.
14．At the eve of Christmas, the kids were too excited to ________．
15．Our basketball team are ___________ to win the championship. They will surely win the game.
going up
went out
went to hospital
go to sleep
going all out
Ⅳ.根据句子意思，用give的相关搭配填空
1．She ___________ a beautiful baby girl and it made the whole family very happy.
2．The cows stopped __________ because they had been frightened by the earthquake.
3．His strength ________； he couldn't walk any farther.
4．They are badly in need of help. Let's ________ them ________．
5．You ought to ________ smoking; it will do harm to your health.
6．The hero would rather die than ________ the enemy.
7．As motor vehicles burn fuel, they ________ waste gases.
8．The teacher is ______________ examination papers. The students are going to have an exam.
gave birth to
giving milk
gave out
give
a hand
give up
give in to
give off
giving out
9．Please ________ Mary ________ to tell her not to come while we are away from home.
10．He was praised and respected, for he ________ the money he found.
11．Only when a teacher has ____________ is a student allowed to enter this room.
12．The musicians will ____________ at the theatre to raise money for wildlife protection.
13．He ____________ that everyone should keep quiet when the enemy appeared.
14．What is this liquid It ______________ a terrible smell. Please take it away.
give
a ring
gave back
given permission
give a concert
gave an order
gives off/out
Ⅴ.用make的正确形式完成短文
A Story About the Word “Make”
Tom graduated from a medical college. He 1.________ a decision that he would go to work in a local hospital. He 2.________ up his mind to 3.________ a contribution to his home town before he went to college.
At college, he didn't depend all upon his parents, but 4.________ a living by teaching as a tutor. Therefore he 5.________ some money in his spare time. His class was 6.________ up of 40 students. He never 7.________ fun of other boys though they didn't even know how to 8.________ the bed. He always 9.________ his classmates happy. So he 10.________ friends with many of his classmates. He seldom 11.________ a telephone call to his parents to 12.________ sure that he didn't spend extra money.
made
had made
make
made
made
made
made
make
made
made
made
make
He was a wise student and never 13.________ trouble among other students though sometimes he 14.________ mistakes. He knew the proverb “Time and tide wait for no man.” So he 15.________ full use of his time to study his major and 16.________ up for what had been lost.
Though the science of medicine was very difficult to study, he 17.________ it. As a result, he 18.________ a good doctor.
made
made
made
make
made
made
Ⅵ.用take的正确形式完成短文
A Story About the Word“Take”
A few days ago I was 1.________ to a hospital in town by my mother. After I 2.________ a seat in the hospital, a doctor, who had 3.________ a master's degree at college, 4.________ my temperature and 5.________ it down in my medical record. He 6.________ great trouble to examine me and it 7.________ him about half an hour to finish checking my health. The doctor 8.________ pity on me because I was seriously ill. “9.________ good care of the boy. He has 10.________ a very bad cold，” the doctor said to my mother. “11.________ this medicine three times a day and 12.________ a good rest. He'll get well again soon and 13.________ it easy，” he added. The doctor was so kind that he 14.________ me as a child of his own. Then we 15.________ a bus home.
taken
took
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As soon as I had been 16.________ back home, I 17.________ off all my clothes and 18.________ a warm bath. Because we 19.________ the doctor's advice, several days later something wonderful 20.________ place: I was fully recovered.
But I still felt sorry, for I had 21.________ a few days off and hadn't 22.________ the opportunity to 23.________ part in the English contest in my school. But I thought no one else could 24.________ my place.
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takeSection F 单元语法专项(1)——被动语态
(一) 语态概述
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间是“施事”还是“受事”关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的施事者、执行者；而被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的受事者、承受者。主动句变为被动句时，其宾语在被动语态句子中一般成为主语。动词的语态和时态融合在一起，不可分离、不可独立存在。
1．被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成形式为：be＋过去分词。其中be为助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。如果使用情态动词，则其构成形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
2．被动语态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
◆不含情态动词的被动语态
(1)肯定句式：主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他．
Laura，you are wanted in the office.
劳拉，办公室有人找你。
Our school was built in 1961.
我们学校建于1961年。
(2)否定句式：主语＋be＋not＋过去分词＋其他．
The problem hasn't been solved yet.
这个问题还没解决。
The window was not broken by John, but by the wind.窗子不是约翰打破的，而是被风刮破的。
(3)一般疑问句式：Be＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Is this song sung by that famous singer
这首歌是那位著名歌手唱的吗？
Was he invited to the opening ceremony
他受邀出席开幕式了吗？
(4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Why was Tom asked to stay behind after school
汤姆为何在放学后被要求留下？
◆含有情态动词的被动语态
(1)肯定句式：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他。
This must be done as soon as possible.
这件事必须尽快做。
Cross the road very carefully. Look at both sides, or you might be knocked down.
过马路要非常小心，要看两边，不然你有可能被撞倒。
(2)否定句式：主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他。
What has been done cannot be undone.
覆水难收。
Such problems shouldn't be ignored.
这样的问题不容忽视。
(3)一般疑问句式：情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Should all the corn be gathered today
所有的玉米今天都应该收起来吗？
Must the magazine be returned next week
这本杂志下周必须归还吗？
(4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Why should the article be typed in such a way
为什么这篇文章用这种方式打印(出来)
注：如果疑问词作主语，则是：疑问词＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
Who may be sent abroad for further study
谁可能被派出国深造呢？
(二) 各种时态的被动语态概览
1．一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are＋过去分词
The young pretty English teacher is loved by all her students.
这位年轻漂亮的英语老师受到她所有学生的喜爱。
A sound of piano is often heard in the next room.
经常听到隔壁房间里有钢琴声。
2．一般过去时的被动语态：was/were＋过去分词
The boy was brought up in the orphanage.
这个男孩是在孤儿院被抚养大的。
She was called her nickname when she was young.
她小时候被叫绰号。
3．一般将来时的被动语态：will，am/is/are going to，am/is/are to＋be＋过去分词
This matter will be looked into in the future.
这件事将来是要调查的。
When will the school sports meeting be held
什么时候举行学校运动会啊？
What is going to be discussed today
今天要讨论什么？
The exhibition is to be held next month.
展览将于下个月举办。
4．过去将来时的被动语态：would，was/were going to，was/were to＋be＋过去分词
He said the work would be finished in a week.
他说这项工作将在一周后完成。
She told me that a wonderful play was going to be put on at this theatre.
她告诉我这家剧院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。
5．现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
The thief is being questioned in the next room.
那个小偷正在隔壁房间接受审问。
Is the car accident being looked into now
那起交通事故正在被调查吗？
6．过去进行时的被动语态：was/were＋being＋过去分词
When I called, tea was being served.
当我打电话时，正值上茶之际。
The Children's Palace was being built last month. I'm not sure if it is completed.
上个月少年宫正在建造中，我拿不准它完成了没有。
7．现在完成时的被动语态：have/has＋been＋过去分词
The party has been planned since the new year.
这次聚会自新年开始就计划好了。
Has the project been completed
这项工程已经完成了吗？
8．过去完成时的被动语态：had＋been＋过去分词
Sophia looked at the lanterns that had been lighted and placed near the opening.
索菲娅望着那些已经点亮的并放在洞口附近的灯笼。
Had the fire been put out when the firefighters arrived
消防队员到达时火已经扑灭了吗？
9．将来完成时的被动语态：will have＋been＋过去分词
The drawing will have been completed by the end of this week.
这幅画将在本周末完成。
The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives.
这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。
10．过去将来完成时的被动语态：would have＋been＋过去分词
I was sure that the dispute would have been solved by that time.
我确信到那时这个争端就已经被解决了。
We were told that the project would have been completed by the end of this year.
我们被告知这个项目将在今年年底完成。
(三) 由主动语态到被动语态的转换
1．“主＋动＋宾”(S＋V＋O)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋宾”(S＋V＋O)结构在转换为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，原来的谓语动词变为“be＋过去分词”形式，原来的主语在被动句中由by引导，通常可以和by一起省略。
We have built many bridges in the past ten years.在过去的十年中，我们建了许多桥梁。
→Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years.
I met my old friend on the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上碰见了我的老朋友。
→My old friend was met on the street yesterday.
We are looking into the matter.
我们正在调查这件事。
→The matter is being looked into (by us).
2．“主＋动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”( S＋V＋IO＋DO)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”( S＋V＋IO＋DO)结构转换为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何一个宾语变为被动句的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转换为带介词to的结构；另一种可以转换为带介词for的结构。
(1)转换为带介词to的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即：可将直接宾语或间接宾语变为主语)。可用于这样转换的动词主要有bring，give，hand，lend，send，offer，pass, sell, show, tell等。
We gave him some books./We gave some books to him.我们给了他一些书。
→He was given some books./Some books were given to him.
Liza sent me an email./Liza sent an email to me.丽萨给我发了一封电子邮件。
→An email was sent to me by Liza./I was sent an email by Liza.
(2)转化为带介词for的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，不用间接宾语作主语，并且一般在间接宾语前用介词for。可以这样转换的动词主要有buy，make，find, get, do, fetch, order, sing等。
He bought his girlfriend a nice gift./He bought a nice gift for his girlfriend.
他给女朋友买了一份很棒的礼物。
→A nice gift was bought for his girlfriend (by him).
My mother made me a skirt./My mother made a skirt for me.我妈妈给我做了一条裙子。
→A skirt was made for me by my mother.
3．“主＋动＋宾＋宾补”(S＋V＋O＋C)结构的被动语态
“主＋动＋宾＋宾补”(S＋V＋O＋C)结构转换为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。带有形式宾语it的句子一般把it变为被动句的主语。
They have made the deserted temple their shelter.
他们已把那座荒废的寺庙当成了他们的避难所。
→The deserted temple has been made their shelter.
那座荒废的寺庙已被当成了他们的避难所。
We always keep the classroom clean.
我们总是保持教室清洁。
→The classroom is always kept clean.
教室总是保持清洁。
They asked me to help them.
他们叫我帮助他们。
→I was asked to help them.我被叫去帮他们了。
We saw them playing football.
我们看到他们在踢足球。
→They were seen playing football by us.
他们被我们看见在踢足球。
We consider it wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
我们认为对犯错误的孩子大喊大叫是不对的。
→It is considered wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
对犯错误的孩子大喊大叫被认为是不对的。
特别注意
在see，watch, hear，notice，feel，make等词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但转换为被动结构时要加上to。
We often hear her sing.我们经常听到她唱歌。
→She is often heard to sing by us.
我们经常听到她唱歌。
You don't have to make Peter work hard.
你没有必要强迫彼得努力学习。
→Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard.
彼得没必要被强迫努力学习。
4.短语动词的被动语态
有些短语动词及物，可以转换为被动语态。主要有以下三种情况：
(1)“动词＋副词”型
“动词＋副词”型的短语动词，如pick up，work out，find out，carry out，take up，figure out，throw out等在转换为被动语态时，可直接把宾语变为主语，然后把短语动词变为被动形式。
Many of my bad habits have been given up.
我已改掉了很多坏习惯。
A new policy was carried out.新的政策实施了。
Our performance is to be put off till next week.
我们的演出将推迟到下周。
(2)“动词＋介词”型
“动词＋介词”型的短语动词，如look at, look after, listen to, move into, break into等。
Ancient buildings are carefully looked after.
古代建筑被精心地照管着。
The new song is not popular and is seldom listened to.这首新歌不受欢迎，很少被人听。
(3)“动词＋副词＋介词”或“动词＋名词＋介词”型
这样的短语大多都能变为被动形式，如look down upon(轻视)，do away with(废除；杀死)，take care of(照顾)，make use of(利用)，make efforts over(努力)，play a part in(起作用)，pay attention to(注意)等。有时可把“动词＋名词＋介词”短语动词中的名词变成被动语态的主语。
More attention should be paid to our environment.
应该多注意我们的环境。
Such bad behaviour can't be put up with.
这么恶劣的行为不能容忍。
有的短语动词还可以有两种被动形式。例如：
We should take good care of the old people.
→Good care should be taken of the old people.
The old people should be taken good care of.
I will make full use of my spare time to learn English.
→Full use will be made of my spare time to learn English.
My spare time will be made full use of to learn English.
5．含有宾语从句的主动句的被动语态
含有宾语从句的主动句在变为被动语态时，it作被动句的形式主语，变为“It is/was＋过去分词＋that...”结构，有的还可变为“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构。
通常可用于这两种类型的动词有say，believe，consider, expect, know, report, suppose, think等。
People say that Tom is a smart boy.
人们都说汤姆是个聪明的孩子。
→It is said that Tom is a smart boy.
→Tom is said to be a smart boy.
We expect that he will come soon.
我们期待他不久就会到来。
→It's expected that he will come soon.
→He is expected to come soon.
They think that she has made great progress.
他们认为她取得了很大进步。
→It's thought that she has made great progress.
→She is thought to have made great progress.
6．祈使句的被动语态
祈使句的被动结构为“Let＋宾语＋be＋过去分词．”；否定被动结构为“Don't＋let＋宾语＋be＋过去分词．”或“Let＋宾语＋not be＋过去分词．”。
Weigh the parcel right here.→Let the parcel be weighed right here.就在这里称包裹。
Don't put the piano here.→Don't let the piano be put here./Let the piano not be put here.
不要把钢琴放在这儿。
(四) 英语为何喜欢使用被动语态？
该问题虽然涉及中西方文化差异，但是，使用被动语态自有其原因和规律。句子使用主动还是被动语态，通常应根据具体情况而定。一般情况下，主动语态用得比较多，也比较自然。但下面几种情况一般使用被动语态。
1．不知或不必提及动作的执行者时
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
2．强调动作的承受者时
强调动作的承受者，把承受者作为谈话的中心时，常用被动语态。这类句子常加by引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可不加。
Many buildings were destroyed in the big fire.
许多楼房在大火中被烧毁了。
3．动作的执行者不明确时
动作的执行者是泛指时(如people，one，anyone等)，常用被动语态。
The house has been broken into.
有人强行闯入这座房子。
4．出于礼貌，不说出动作的执行者时
You will be contacted.会和你联系的。
5．为使句子更加合理、流畅
有时为了使句子保持平衡或使句子更加合理，使用被动语态。
These products are produced by our company, which was set up in 1949.
这些产品都是我们公司生产的，我们公司是1949年成立的。
6．公告、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中
在公告、新闻报道、报纸标题(其中的be常省略)、科技文章中常用被动语态。
Rubbish is strictly prohibited here.
此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告)
7．反身代词作宾语时
反身代词在主动句中作宾语时，常改用被动语态，而省略反身代词。
We were seated in the front of the theatre.
(＝We seated ourselves in the front of the theatre.)
我们坐在了剧院的前面。
(五) 被动语态的注意事项
1．有些感官动词如look，appear，seem, sound, taste，smell，feel等，用主动形式表示被动意义
His suggestion sounds great.
他的建议听起来不错。
Silk feels smooth.丝绸摸起来光滑。
The dish tastes delicious.这道菜尝起来好吃。
2．有些不及物动词，常以主动形式表达被动意义
主语一般指物，谓语动词通常表示主语的内在品质或性能，而且通常有一个必具性状语修饰(如well，easily等)。
The door locks easily.这门很好锁。
The cloth washes well.这布料很耐洗。
Our teaching aid books sell well.
我们的教辅书很畅销。
3．有些介词短语作表语，其主动形式含有被动意义
有时介词短语“be＋in/on/under＋名词”含被动意义，可用来代替现在进行时的被动语态。
The computer is in use (＝is being used) now.电脑正在使用中。
These high tech products are on display (＝are being displayed) these days.
近几天这些高科技产品正在展出中。
The highway is under construction (＝is being constructed).这条公路正在建设中。
The suggestion is under discussion (＝is being discussed) at the meeting.
会上正在讨论这个建议。
4．少数动词用于现在进行时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。多用于与日常生活、行业术语有关的动词
The rice is cooking.米饭正在煮。
The breakfast is preparing now.早餐正在准备。
My piano is still mending.我的钢琴还在修理。
This game is constantly playing.
这个游戏一直在玩。
The film is showing.电影正在放映。
5．“get＋过去分词”构成的被动语态
该结构多用于日常生活起居、突发不利事件以及习惯好恶的一种渐变过程等。
The vase was broken by the maid, but the master wanted to know how it got broken.
花瓶被女佣人打破了，但雇主想知道它是怎样被打破的。
He could not wash himself or get dressed.
他既不会自己洗澡，也不会(自己)穿衣。
She got burnt when she was cooking in the kitchen.她在厨房做饭时被烧伤了。
The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday.上周二矿工们被困在很深的矿井中。
The picture got damaged when we were moving.
我们搬家时，这幅画损坏了。
6．被动语态和系表结构的区别
有些行为动词变为过去分词后，由动作变为状态，转化为形容词，如broken(被打破后的结果)，written(写完后的情况)等。如何区别形容词作表语表示状态，还是被动语态？试比较：
The vase is broken. It isn't worth so much money.(系表结构)
The vase was broken by my little brother yesterday. (被动语态)
The article is written in simple English.(系表结构)
The article was written by Lu Xun.(被动语态)
通过比较含有此类行为动词的过去分词形式的句子发现，“系表结构”表示状态，多用于一般现在时，不加by sb.；“被动语态”表示动作，常用于过去时，可以加by sb.。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用动词(短语)的正确形式完成句子
1．The Dragon Boat Festival ________ (consider) as a very important occasion, when adults will hold a dragon boat race.
2．After graduating from sports college, Paul ________ (accept) as a professional athlete.
3．Congratulations ________ (send) to the athlete after he defeated his competitors and became the champion.
4．According to the local tradition, not only ________ their houses ________ (decorate), but turkey and pudding are also served on this occasion.
5．Besides, a delicious snack ________ (provide) by the host for the gathering last week.
6．Advertisements will ________ (put up) to call on young people to try out for the football team.
7．The host gave a detailed account of the match, and then the reasons for their defeat ________ (summarise) by the coach.
8．In other words, importance ought to ________ (attach) to body language.
9．She ________ (make) very awkward throughout the gathering because she was ignored by the host.
10．According to their traditions and customs, an annual boxing match ________ (hold) during the festival.
11．The beasts ________ (scare away) because the villagers shouted all the time.
12．At the wedding, the bride and groom ________ (surround) by the guests who were greeting them.
13．A large amount of wine and beer ________ (bring in) by a teenager in jeans.
14．As far as I ________ (concern), I would like to sign up for the annual championship.
15．The teenagers ________ (require) to behave appropriately on this specific occasion.
16．In general, John ________ (regard) as a very capable and responsible young man.
17．The doctors made an effort to do their duty, and the disease ________ (prevent) from spreading.
18．Patience and energy, in particular，________ (need) in this job.
19．The athlete's behaviour caught the eye of the audience and he ________ (award) the best performance prize.
20．She whispered to me over and over that she ________ (feed) up with the noise here.
21．To our relief, the old man ________ no longer ________ (treat) like that after he passed away.
22．A detailed description of the event ________ (give) by the cyclist.
23．He ________ (amaze) at the amazing sight so that he couldn't calm down.
24．To my disappointment, my school uniform was nowhere ________ (find).
Ⅱ.用被动语态改写句子
1．We can finish the work in two days.
The work ________________________ by us in two days.
2．They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk __________________ in Suzhou by them.
3．The children will sing an English song.
An English song ________________________ by the children.
4．You needn't do it now.
It ________________________ by you now.
5．Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.
A New Year Card ________________________ me by Lucy last week.
6．People use metal for making machines.
Metal ________________________ for making machines by people.
7．He made me do that for him.
I ________________________ that for him.
8．I have given this book to the library.
This book ________________________ to the library by me.
9．Did they build a bridge here a year ago
________ a bridge ________ here by them a year ago
10．We'll put on an English play in our school.
An English play ________________________ on in our school by us.
11．More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.
Colour TV sets ________________________ by more and more farmers.
12．My brother often mends his watch.
His watch __________________ by my brother.
13．We must water the flowers every day.
The flowers must ________________________ by us every day.
14．They use knives for cutting things.
Knives ________________________ for cutting things by them.
15．He made the farmers work for a long time.
The farmers ________________________ for a long time by him.
16．Did he break the window yesterday
________ the window ______________ yesterday
17．They have sold out the light green dresses.
The light green dresses ____________________ out by them.
18．We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom ________________________ by us every day.
19．You must not plant trees in very dry earth.
Trees ________________________ in very dry earth by you.
20．You can dig a hole in the earth.
A hole ________________________ in the earth by you.
Ⅲ.用正确的时态和语态完成句子
1．The students ________ often ________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
2．That play ________ (put) on again sometime next month.
3．The old man is ill. He ________ (must take) to hospital at once.
4．Vegetables, eggs and fruits ________ (sell) in this shop.
5．What ________ a knife ________ (make) of It ________ (make) of metal and wood.
6．A piano concert ________ (give) here last Friday.
7．________ the magazine ________ (can take) out of the library
8．The room ________ (clean) by the girls every day.
9．________ the stars ________ (can see) in the daytime
10．The flowers ________ (water) by Li Ming already.
11．These kinds of machines ________ (produce) in Japan.
12．Apples ________ (grow) on this farm.
13．Russian ________ (learn) as a second language by some students in China.
14．Planes, cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.
15．The cinema ________ (build) in 1985.
16．Cars ________ (must not park) here.
17．A beautiful horse ________ (draw) by John the other day.
18．This kind of computer ________ (can make) in this company.
19．The book ________ (print) now and will come out soon.
20．The PLA ________ (found) on August 1st，1927.
Ⅳ.用适当的时态和语态完成短文
We have an old musical instrument. It 1.________ a clavichord (古钢琴). It 2.________ (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord 3.________ (keep)in the living room. It 4.________ (belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument 5.________ (buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it 6.________ (damage) by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings 7.________ (break). My father 8.________ (shock). Now we 9.________ (not allow) to touch it. It 10.________ (repair) by a friend of my father's now.
单元语法专项(2)——动词短语和短语动词
(一) 概述
动词短语(verb phrases)和短语动词(phrasal verbs)是两个不同的概念。前者是以动词为主，配以宾语或状语的“动词词组”，常见于固定搭配和习语，有独立的语义，如have a rest, speak English, behave well, come into being。后者是以动词为核心，辅以副词或介词的“词组动词”，归根结底还是表示动作，如look up，listen to，get off，look forward to，take care of。
(二) 动词短语（verb phrases）指“动＋宾”和“动＋状”结构的固定搭配
1．及物动词＋宾语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
feel oneself 感觉正常
go shopping 去购物
do some cleaning 打扫卫生
lose courage 丧失勇气
lose heart 丧失信心
lose interest 失去兴趣
lose patience 失去耐心
lose weight 减肥
make sense 讲得通
make the bed 整理床铺
make a bet 打赌
make a bow 鞠躬
make faces 扮鬼脸
take action 采取行动
take advice 接受建议
take aim 瞄准
take a breath 歇口气
take care 当心
take effect 生效
take place 发生
take office 就职
play truant 逃学
keep watch 放哨
2．不及物动词＋状语
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
come into being 形成
come to power 掌权
come into use 开始使用
come to the point 言归正传
come into effect 生效
get in touch 取得联系
get into trouble 遭遇麻烦
get along well 进展顺利
go to bed 上床睡觉
fall into pieces 崩溃
put on weight 长胖
keep in touch 保持联系
live alone 独自生活
(三) 短语动词（phrasal verbs）主要有如下几种结构
1．动词＋副词
“动词＋副词”结构分为两种情况：(1)若是由及物动词组成，必须接宾语。宾语若为代词，须放在动词和副词之间；宾语若为名词，可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在副词之后。(2)若是由不及物动词组成，则不能接宾语。
add up 加起来
break off 折断；中断
break out 爆发
bring in 引进；赚取
bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐
call off 取消；停止进行，叫停
carry out 执行
cut off 切断
drink up 喝光
find out 查明；查出
get in 收割
give away 暴露；捐赠
go on 继续
hold up 举起；阻碍
point out 指出，指明
put off 推迟
put on 穿上；上演
put out 熄灭
put up 举起；张贴
pick up 捡起；接某人
set up 建立；建起
take off 起飞
take up 开始从事
tear up 撕碎
turn away 不准某人进入
turn off 关闭
turn down 调小声音；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn up 出现
wear out 磨损；使筋疲力尽
2．动词＋介词
“动词＋介词”结构相当于及物动词，其后应接宾语。
believe in 信任
break into 破门而入
call for (去)接；需要
care for 喜欢；关心
care about 在乎
come across 偶然碰到
deal with 处理；对付
depend on 依靠
get over 克服
go about 开始做，从事
go through 经历；遭受
laugh at 嘲笑
look after 照顾
look into 调查
look for 寻找
run into 撞到；偶然遇上
stand for 代表
stick to 坚持
wait for 等候
wait on 招待
3．动词＋副词＋介词
“动词＋副词＋介词”结构相当于及物动词，其后应接宾语。
add up to 总共，共计
catch up with 赶上
come up with 提出
do away with 废除
get away from 逃离
get along with 进展
get away with 逃脱处罚
get down to 开始认真做
get through to 接通
go in for 喜欢
go on with 继续
hold on to 抓住
keep away from 远离
keep up with 跟上
keep on with 继续
live up to 不辜负
look down upon/on 蔑视
look forward to 期盼
look out for 警惕
look about for 到处寻找
make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍
settle down to 开始认真对待
run out of 用光
4．动词＋宾语＋介词短语
bring...to an end 使……结束
bring...under control 使……在掌控下
have...in mind 考虑，周到
keep...in mind 将……记在心中
keep...in touch 保持联系
bear...in mind 将……记在心中
put...at ease 使……舒适
put...into effect 使……生效
learn...by heart 记住
know...by heart 记住
take...by surprise 使……惊诧
set...on fire 焚烧
take...into account 考虑到
take...into consideration 考虑到
5．动词＋名词＋介词
(1)固定搭配
catch hold of 抓住
make contributions to 对……作出贡献
catch sight of 看见
make friends with 与……交朋友
make fun of 取笑
make peace with 与……讲和
make preparations for 为……做好准备
make room for 为……腾出空
make sense of 理解，弄懂
make way for 给……让路
make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
show an interest in 对……表现出兴趣
take account of 考虑到
take advantage of 利用
take care of 照顾
take charge of 负责；控制
take delight in 以……为乐
take hold of 握住
take notice of 注意到
take part in 参加
take pride in 以……为骄傲
(2)动词＋oneself＋介词
seat oneself in/on 坐在
dress oneself in 穿衣
absent oneself from 缺席
busy oneself with 忙于
pride oneself on 得意于
accustom oneself to 习惯于
accommodate oneself to 适应
adapt oneself to 适应
adjust oneself to 适应
addict oneself to 上瘾于
abandon oneself to 沉湎于
address oneself to 着手；设法解决
amuse oneself with 用……自娱
apply oneself to 致力于
break oneself of 戒掉
bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于
charge oneself with 使承担
hide oneself in 藏身于
concern oneself with 关心
limit oneself to 局限于
content oneself with 满足于
devote oneself to 致力于
dedicate oneself to 献身于
distinguish oneself as 使著名
drown oneself in 埋头于，沉溺于
engage oneself in 从事，忙于
familiarise yourself with (使)熟悉
free oneself from (使)摆脱
give oneself to 热衷于
help oneself to 自己取
lose oneself in 沉迷于
occupy oneself with 使忙于
oppose oneself to 反对
prepare oneself for 准备
present oneself at 出席
restrict oneself to 约束
resign oneself to 听任
rid oneself of 摆脱
throw oneself into 投身于
associate oneself with 表示支持
特点注意
上述结构通常可换用be＋v. ed形式。例如：
He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
＝He was quickly accustomed to this new way of life.他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式。
The old man addicted himself to smoking.
＝The old man was addicted to smoking.
那位老人吸烟成瘾。
(四) 动词短语或短语动词的学习方法
(一)在“动词＋介词”结构中，一般而言，介词的作用有两个：
1．让这个不及物动词可以接宾语，介词从中起到中介和桥梁的作用；
2．补足动词的词义。比方说，单独一个look是“看”，后面加上不同的介词，让“看”的外延扩大。例如，look for中for表示目的，意为“想得到；为了得到”。所以，看的目的是“寻找某物”，也可以是“想得到某物”。look after中after表示“跟在后面；跟随”，所以，跟着看就是“照顾；照料”。可以想象一下，你跟在一个人的身后注视着他，一旦有需要就会及时提供帮助，无论生病在床，还是孩子在前面走路，你都要look after him/her。
在“动词＋副词”结构中，一般而言，副词的作用都是表意的。它对动词不是修饰关系，而是补充关系，让这个动词的词义更广泛、更丰满或产生新的词义。例如，give up这个短语，这里give不是通常的词义“给予”，而是另外一个意思：认输，服从，让步。give up中的up指“彻底屈服和放弃的结果”。
(二)一个动词词组，不是无缘无故地胡乱拼凑而成，而是有一定的规则和原理。例如，我们学过的一个动词短语get away with telling people lies，有的同学不理解单词表上为什么把get away with...翻译为“做了坏事不受惩罚”。其实，只要理解了该词组的字面意思就知道为什么了。get away意为“逃脱；逃离”，with表示“携带”，组合在一起就是“携带着所做的坏事跑掉了”，那就是意味着“做了坏事没受惩罚”。又如put on weight这个短语是“增加体重；发福”的意思，weight是“重量”，put on为何翻译成“增加”？其实，put on仍含有“穿衣”(把衣服放在身体上)的那层意思，若“把重量放在身上”那不是“增加了体重”吗？以下是学习短语动词的几种思路。
1．“寻找”：look之后为何用for
在平时学习的过程中，我们要注重发现语言规律。同一个动词，为何用不同的介词？例如：
①look at the blackboard，at表示目标，指视力集中的小范围。“看黑板”是指看的目标。
②look to the east，to表示方向，“东方”是方向，不是目标，所以用to，而不用at。
③look into the well，“井”是有体积的东西，“向里面看”要用into。“天空”也一样，所以我们说look into the sky，不说look at the sky，因为天空是漫无边际的，at指具体的目标，显然不能搭配在一起。
④look out of the window，人从室内向外看，还要通过窗户，所以一定要用out of。
⑤look for the pen，钢笔丢了需要找，那么看是为了得到，for表示目的(为了得到)，所以是“寻找”。
介词for可以跟许多词义不同的不及物动词连用，构成固定搭配。首先我们发现，for这个介词，它表示“目的”和“得到”的含义，因此在这些动词词组中都保留了这种含义。以下含有for的短语动词，for的含义基本一致，区别就在动词本身。
①look for，look(看)是为了得到，所以表示“寻找”；
②wait for，wait(等)是为了见到，所以表示“等待”；
③ask for，ask(问)是为了获得，所以表示“要求”；
④pay for，pay(付钱)是为了得到别的东西，所以表示“购买”；
⑤search for，search(搜)是为了得到，所以表示“寻找”；
⑥reach for，reach(伸手)是为了取得，所以表示“伸手取”；
⑦apply for，apply(申请)是为了得到，所以表示“申请得到”；
⑧call for，call(叫)是为了得到，所以表示“要求”；
⑨send for，send(派出)是为了请到，所以表示“派人去请”；
⑩fight for，fight(战斗)是为了得到(权利、自由等)，所以表示“为……而战”。
2．由get off the bus想到off的含义
上面讲了for跟一些动词搭配的情况。当然，for还有其他的意思，暂且不论。再说一个词off，这个词既可作介词，也可作副词，跟动词连用也构成许多固定搭配。我们发现，该词含有“脱离”“分离”“离开”等含义。
①get off表示“下车”，意味着人“离开”了汽车。
②take off表示“脱衣”或“起飞”。“脱衣”意味着衣服“离开”了人体；“起飞”意味着飞机“离开”了陆地。
③keep off the grass是一句常用语，意思是“远离草坪”。
④switch off和turn off，都表示“关闭开关，切断电源”，使电器和电源“断开”。
⑤fall off和drop off，“The apple fell (dropped) off the tree.”意味着苹果“离开”了树枝。
⑥set off和start off都表示“出发”或“动身”，意味着人“离开”了原地到另一个地方去。
⑦send off和see off都表示“为某人送行”，意味着送某人“离开”，甚至目送很远。
⑧cut off，cut off a piece of bread表示“切下一片面包”，意味着这片面包“离开”了原来那块面包；此外，cut off还有“切断”的意思，既然切断了，那么两个事物也就“分离”了。
⑨come off表示“脱落”，“A button has come off my coat.(一颗扣子从大衣上掉下来了)”说明扣子“离开”了衣服。
⑩jump off the wall表示“从墙上跳下来”，意味着人“离开”墙了。
give off smoke表示“发出/放出烟雾”，说明烟雾“离开”了原来的火源。
pay off the debt表示“还清了债务”，意味着“离开”了债务缠身的境地。
ring off表示“挂电话”，意味着通话双方已经“离开”电话。
carry off表示“赢得；获得”，“Tom carried off first prize in the contest.(汤姆在竞赛中获得了一等奖)”意味着奖品“离开”原来的地方或发奖单位。
wipe off和rub off，wipe/rub off the stain表示“把污渍从衣服上擦掉”，意味着污渍“离开”了衣服。
wash off表示“洗掉”，跟上面两个词组词义相似。
tear off和strip off表示“撕掉”“剥掉”，意味着包装“离开”原来的物体。
clear off表示“走开”或“清扫”，意味着人“离开”原来的地方；clear off the table是指让剩饭和餐具“离开”桌子。
pick off表示“摘下”，意味着让果子“离开”树枝。
bite off表示“咬下”，bite off a piece of the apple(咬下一块苹果)意味着这一块苹果“离开”了原来那个苹果。
像go off(离开)，walk off(走开)，run off(跑掉)，move off(离去)，hurry off(匆忙离去)，rush off(匆忙离开)这些词组，off跟这些“转移动词”(暂称)连用时，都表示“离开，离去”的概念。
3．从习惯用语rob sb. of sth.看表示“涉及”之意的of
在遇到“The man robbed her of her bag.”这个句子时，大家习惯上跟remind sb. of sth.，warn sb. of sth.等词组作类比记忆。那么它们的共同之处到底在哪里呢？
大家知道，介词是英语中非常活跃的一类词，而of则是最活跃的介词之一，它表示的意思有十几个。它的主要用法是表达“所属关系”，其次是跟动词连用表示“涉及”，如remind sb. of sth.和warn sb. of sth.中的of表示“提醒和警告的内容是/涉及”，此用法在英语中的习惯表达是：动词＋sb. of sth.。
This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.
这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利。
This method will free them of a lot of debts.
这个办法会使他们摆脱巨额债务。
This new medicine will cure him of his skin disease.这种新药将能治好他的皮肤病。
The professor hoped to break the students of the habit of looking for easy answers.
教授希望改掉学生们不动脑筋就找答案的习惯。
The man cheated me of my watch.
那人骗走了我的手表。
The witness cleared me of the charge.
证人澄清了对我的指控。
It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
要戒掉一个人的坏习惯确实不容易。
4．从“捡起”到“偶然学到”——pick up的引申义和比喻义给我们的启示
一个短语动词，往往有多个词义。在学习过程中，是把所有的词义和用法死记硬背，还是通过理解去记忆？学习一个单词或短语，首先看字面意思，也叫“本义”，其次是“引申义”，再次是“比喻义”。这个顺序不能颠倒，否则就违背认知规律。
例如，pick up的本义是“捡起；拾起”。它由pick(捡)和up(向上；起来)两个词义合成而来。
He picked up his knife and fork.
他捡起了刀叉。
He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.
他抱起孩子，让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
掌握了本义之后，引申义就好理解了。我们常说“用车接某人；让某人搭车”，就用pick up这个词组，它的意思是，某人在家、在路边或在某个地方，用车去“pick up”他，说明这个词组仍然具有“捡起；拾起”的含义。最近几年的高考试题，还多次出现了带有pick up比喻义“偶然学会”的题目，这实际上是考查学生对一个词组的灵活掌握。
以下例句中，pick up的意思可谓繁多而复杂，但都是由本义“捡起；拾起”衍生的引申义和比喻义。
He picked up news from all sources.
他从各种渠道收集消息。
She picked up a valuable first edition at a book sale.她在书市上买到一本珍贵的首版书。
I am able to pick you up on the short wave radio.
我能用短波收音机收听到你的信号。
The dog easily picked up the scent of the murderer.
狗轻易地嗅出了谋杀者的气味。
He picked up the girl at a college disco.
他在大学的迪斯科舞会上偶然结识了那个姑娘。
Pick yourself up and go on.
自己站起来，继续前行。
She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
A cup of coffee might pick you up.
一杯咖啡也许能使你振作起来。
以上例句展示了pick up常见的几种意思。只要掌握了它的基本含义，那么，结合具体语境，它有什么样的含义都能体会和翻译出来。俗话说“万变不离其宗”，只要掌握了pick up的本义，那么其他所有的引申义和比喻义都可以理解和掌握。
5．除了方位“向上”，up还有什么意思？
谈到up，它除了基本义是“向上”(go up，come up，get up，pick up，stand up，climb up，look up等)以外，还有一个很重要的用法，就是表示“完结和结束”，经常跟一些及物动词连用，这类动词一般与“消费和消耗”有关。
(1)use up用尽
After he lost his job, he used up all his savings.
他失业后吃光了老本。
(2)eat up吃光
It was greedy of them to eat up all the candy.
他们把所有的糖都吃光了，真贪吃。
(3)drink up喝干
To my surprise, she drank up the whole bottle of wine.使我惊奇的是，她把一瓶酒全喝了。
(4)swallow up吞没
It is believed that a black hole can swallow up any objects like stars near it.
人们相信黑洞可以将周围的一切物体吞食掉，比如恒星。
(5)buy up买断
He bought up all the spare building land in the district.
他把这个地区的所有闲置的建筑土地全部买下了。
(6)sell up售完
The girl told me that film tickets were sold up.
那个女孩告诉我说电影票已经卖完了。
(7)pay up付清
I had a hard time getting him to pay up.
我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。
(8)burn up烧尽
Let's burn up all this waste paper.
咱们把这些废纸烧掉吧。
(9)wash up洗净
After every meal there is a stack of dishes I need to wash up.每顿饭后，我都有一大堆盘子要洗。
(10)fill up充满
I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.我想在还车之前把油箱加满。
(11)finish up用尽
We'll finish up the remains of the meat for supper.晚饭时我们将把剩下的肉吃光。
(12)sum up总结
You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech.你只能用100字来概括他的讲话。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.根据句子意思，用get的相关搭配填空
1．He couldn't have Yong Hui ________ telling people lies!
2．The bridge was destroyed so we couldn't ________ the river.
3．“How are you ________ your English study？”“Very well.”
4．The little cat climbed to the top of the tree and was afraid to ________．
5．The thief tried to ________ the police, which he found impossible.
6．You should ________ your smoking habit, the sooner the better.
7．I wanted to make a telephone to her, but I couldn't ________.
8．They ________ at Christmas time last year and they had a good time.
9．There isn't much time left. How can one ________ all this work before the office closes
10．He is still asleep; he hasn't ________．
11．The newspaper apologised that it had ________ the fact ________．
12．The train had already left by the time they ________ the station.
13．There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot ________．
14．Don't ________ the bus until it stops.
15．The farmers were ________ the wheat when we arrived at the farm.
16．Make sure that you ________ all the questions ________ before you hand the papers in.
17．It began to rain as soon as they ________ home.
18．You will ________ trouble if you don't listen to me.
Ⅱ.根据句子意思，用set的固定搭配填空
1．I don't want to ________ a series of facts in the diary as most people do.
2．He decided to ________ a school for the poor children from the mountain villages.
3．The film ________ California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered.
4．The weather was very cold and they had to ________ some wood to warm themselves.
5．“Have you ________ for the meeting？”“Not yet, but it will be held next week.”
6．The famous writer sat down in his chair, put some paper on the writing desk and ________ writing.
7．Alice is a very nice girl and ready to help others. She has ________ to us and we should learn from her.
8．It's time for supper. Please ________ and put some dishes on it.
9．The man was arrested by the police, because he ________ the store ________．
10．One afternoon the sailors ________ from the coast in a small boat and were caught in a storm.
11．He wanted to know the exact time, so he ________ by the radio time signal.
12．The king pardoned the prisoners and they were ________．
13．She ________ a bit of money every month for future use.
Ⅲ.根据句子意思，用go的相关搭配填空
1．Most students in our school ________ sports and games. They are becoming stronger and stronger now.
2．Before liberation, the old man suffered a lot and ________ many hardships.
3．As time ________， he got to realise his mistakes.
4．The teacher was ________ our examination papers when I paid a visit to her.
5．If we don't finish painting the kitchen today, we can ________ it tomorrow.
6．Though I was very hungry, I had to ________ breakfast this morning as I was in a hurry.
7．Tomorrow there will be a maths test for us. l have to ________ my lessons now.
8．The fish has ________ because of the hot weather. You can't eat it any longer.
9．What he had said ________ his will. He was unwilling to do so.
10．The actress wanted to buy a hat to ________ her black dress.
11．The price of goods is ________. That is to say, things are becoming expensive.
12．All the lights ________ suddenly because of a power failure.
13．He was not feeling quite well; he ________ to have a health examination.
14．At the eve of Christmas, the kids were too excited to ________．
15．Our basketball team are ________ to win the championship. They will surely win the game.
Ⅳ.根据句子意思，用give的相关搭配填空
1．She ________ a beautiful baby girl and it made the whole family very happy.
2．The cows stopped ________ because they had been frightened by the earthquake.
3．His strength ________； he couldn't walk any farther.
4．They are badly in need of help. Let's ________ them ________．
5．You ought to ________ smoking; it will do harm to your health.
6．The hero would rather die than ________ the enemy.
7．As motor vehicles burn fuel, they ________ waste gases.
8．The teacher is ________ examination papers. The students are going to have an exam.
9．Please ________ Mary ________ to tell her not to come while we are away from home.
10．He was praised and respected, for he ________ the money he found.
11．Only when a teacher has ________ is a student allowed to enter this room.
12．The musicians will ________ at the theatre to raise money for wildlife protection.
13．He ________ that everyone should keep quiet when the enemy appeared.
14．What is this liquid It ________ a terrible smell. Please take it away.
Ⅴ.用make的正确形式完成短文
A Story About the Word “Make”
Tom graduated from a medical college. He 1.________ a decision that he would go to work in a local hospital. He 2.________ up his mind to 3.________ a contribution to his home town before he went to college.
At college, he didn't depend all upon his parents, but 4.________ a living by teaching as a tutor. Therefore he 5.________ some money in his spare time. His class was 6.________ up of 40 students. He never 7.________ fun of other boys though they didn't even know how to 8.________ the bed. He always 9.________ his classmates happy. So he 10.________ friends with many of his classmates. He seldom 11.________ a telephone call to his parents to 12.________ sure that he didn't spend extra money.
He was a wise student and never 13.________ trouble among other students though sometimes he 14.________ mistakes. He knew the proverb “Time and tide wait for no man.” So he 15.________ full use of his time to study his major and 16.________ up for what had been lost.
Though the science of medicine was very difficult to study, he 17.________ it. As a result, he 18.________ a good doctor.
Ⅵ.用take的正确形式完成短文
A Story About the Word“Take”
A few days ago I was 1.________ to a hospital in town by my mother. After I 2.________ a seat in the hospital, a doctor, who had 3.________ a master's degree at college, 4.________ my temperature and 5.________ it down in my medical record. He 6.________ great trouble to examine me and it 7.________ him about half an hour to finish checking my health. The doctor 8.________ pity on me because I was seriously ill. “9.________ good care of the boy. He has 10.________ a very bad cold，” the doctor said to my mother. “11.________ this medicine three times a day and 12.________ a good rest. He'll get well again soon and 13.________ it easy，” he added. The doctor was so kind that he 14.________ me as a child of his own. Then we 15.________ a bus home.
As soon as I had been 16.________ back home, I 17.________ off all my clothes and 18.________ a warm bath. Because we 19.________ the doctor's advice, several days later something wonderful 20.________ place: I was fully recovered.
But I still felt sorry, for I had 21.________ a few days off and hadn't 22.________ the opportunity to 23.________ part in the English contest in my school. But I thought no one else could 24.________ my place.(共11张PPT)
Section G 单元写作——传统节日
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim对中国的传统节日很感兴趣，请你回复一封邮件，介绍一个中国的传统节日，内容包括：
(1)节日名称；(2)节日介绍；(3)你的看法。
注意：(1)词数80左右；(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日
the Dragon boat Festival 端午节(龙舟节)
extend over a history of thousands of years 延续数千年的历史
the fifth lunar month of the year 一年的农历五月
It's believed that... 人们认为……
according to the tradition 根据传统
the dragon boat race 龙舟比赛
feast on delicious food 尽情享受美食
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
(2)完成句子
①很高兴你对中国传统节日感兴趣，我想向你介绍端午节。
______ you _________________traditional Chinese festivals, I'd like to introduce the Dragon boat Festival ______ you.
②端午节，有着延续数千年的历史，在每年的农历五月。
The Dragon boat Festival，___________over a history of thousands of years，_____________ the fifth lunar month of the year.
Glad
take an interest in
to
which extends
takes place in
③人们认为，这个节日设立的目的是纪念屈原，楚国的一位著名诗人。
____________ the festival was _________________ Qu Yuan, a famous poet of Chu State.
④根据传统，对人们而言，这是一个举办像龙舟比赛这样活动的时机。
It's an __________ people, according to the tradition, to host ________ the dragon boat race.
It's believed that
set up to honor
occasion for
events like
⑤另—项重要活动就是尽情享受美食，尤其是粽子。
Another important activity is _________ delicious food, ________ zongzi.
⑥我认为它是中国最重要的节日之一，因为它总是提醒我们要爱自己的国家。
I ________ it ________ one of the most important festivals in China because it always ________ us to love our own country.
feasting on
especially
consider
as
reminds
4．连句成篇
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、要点全面的短文。(注：黑体为本单元的重点词汇)
Dear Jim，
How is everything going Glad you take an interest in traditional Chinese festivals, I'd like to introduce the Dragon boat Festival to you.
The Dragon boat Festival, which extends over a history of thousands of years, takes place in the fifth lunar month of the year. It's believed that the festival was set up to honor Qu Yuan, a famous poet of Chu State. It's an occasion for people, according to the tradition, to host events like the dragon boat race. Another important activity is feasting on delicious food, especially zongzi.
I consider it as one of the most important festivals in China because it always reminds us to love our own country.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．教师点评
第一段：导入话题＋写作目的
句型：用glad...形容词短语作状语。
第二段：介绍节日——端午节
句型：第一句，用了which引导的定语从句，说明端午节的历史；第二句使用了it's believed that主语从句句型，说明节日设立的目的；第三句according to...短语插入句中。
第三段：说明自己的看法
句型：使用了because引导的原因状语从句，说明原因。
6．课后写作练习
假设你是李华，中秋节临近，请你写一封邮件，邀请你校交换生Jim来一起欢度中秋。
内容包括：①发出邀请；②活动安排。
注意：①词数80左右；②开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jim，
How is everything going I'd like to invite you to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with us.
The Mid-Autumn Festival takes place in the eighth lunar month of the year. As it's an occasion for families to gather, all the family members will first dine together in the evening. After that, we'll enjoy the mooncakes. The highlight of the evening is to appreciate the moon together.
I believe that you'll enjoy yourself. I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours，
Li HuaSection G 单元写作——传统节日
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim对中国的传统节日很感兴趣，请你回复一封邮件，介绍一个中国的传统节日，内容包括：
(1)节日名称；
(2)节日介绍；
(3)你的看法。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确)
(1)一审：体裁、结构和主题
体裁：应用文——节日介绍
结构：三段
主题：传统节日
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：以第三人称为主
(3)三明确：明确写作要点
节日名称：端午节
节日介绍：时间、起源、目的；节日活动(龙舟比赛、包粽子等)
个人看法：最重要的节日之一
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日
the Dragon boat Festival 端午节(龙舟节)
extend over a history of thousands of years 延续数千年的历史
the fifth lunar month of the year 一年的农历五月
It's believed that... 人们认为……
according to the tradition 根据传统
the dragon boat race 龙舟比赛
feast on delicious food 尽情享受美食
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
(2)完成句子
①很高兴你对中国传统节日感兴趣，我想向你介绍端午节。
________ you ________________________________traditional Chinese festivals, I'd like to introduce the Dragon boat Festival ________ you.
②端午节，有着延续数千年的历史，在每年的农历五月。
The Dragon boat Festival，________________over a history of thousands of years，________________________ the fifth lunar month of the year.
③人们认为，这个节日设立的目的是纪念屈原，楚国的一位著名诗人。
________________________ the festival was ________________________________ Qu Yuan, a famous poet of Chu State.
④根据传统，对人们而言，这是一个举办像龙舟比赛这样活动的时机。
It's an ________________ people, according to the tradition, to host ________________ the dragon boat race.
⑤另—项重要活动就是尽情享受美食，尤其是粽子。
Another important activity is ________________ delicious food, ________ zongzi.
⑥我认为它是中国最重要的节日之一，因为它总是提醒我们要爱自己的国家。
I ________ it ________ one of the most important festivals in China because it always ________ us to love our own country.
4．连句成篇
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、要点全面的短文。(注：黑体为本单元的重点词汇)
Dear Jim，
How is everything going Glad you take an interest in traditional Chinese festivals, I'd like to introduce the Dragon boat Festival to you.
The Dragon boat Festival, which extends over a history of thousands of years, takes place in the fifth lunar month of the year. It's believed that the festival was set up to honor Qu Yuan, a famous poet of Chu State. It's an occasion for people, according to the tradition, to host events like the dragon boat race. Another important activity is feasting on delicious food, especially zongzi.
I consider it as one of the most important festivals in China because it always reminds us to love our own country.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．教师点评
第一段：导入话题＋写作目的
句型：用glad...形容词短语作状语。
第二段：介绍节日——端午节
句型：第一句，用了which引导的定语从句，说明端午节的历史；第二句使用了it's believed that主语从句句型，说明节日设立的目的；第三句according to...短语插入句中。
第三段：说明自己的看法
句型：使用了because引导的原因状语从句，说明原因。
6．课后写作练习
假设你是李华，中秋节临近，请你写一封邮件，邀请你校交换生Jim来一起欢度中秋。
内容包括：
①发出邀请；
②活动安排。
注意：①词数80左右；
②开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
