北师大版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature课件（7份ppt+7份学案）

(共66张PPT)
Section A　Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 鹿
2．____________ n. 野草；海藻
3．____________ n. 评论；意见
4．____________ n. 昆虫
5．____________ n. 鲸
6．____________ n. 鲨(鱼)
7．____________ n. 海豚
8．____________ n. 鹰
9．____________ n. 袋鼠
10．____________ n. 狐狸
11．____________ n. (热带)丛林
deer
weed
comment
insect　
whale
shark
dolphin
eagle
kangaroo
fox
jungle
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．volcano n．火山→________ adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
2．erupt v．爆发→________ n．爆发
3．crowd v．挤满→________ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
4．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→________ adj.(令人)震惊的→________ adj.(人感到)震惊的
5．live v．生存；活着→________ adj.活的，活着的
6．land＋slide→________ n．滑坡；塌方
7．wild＋life→________ n．野生动植物，野生生物
8．land＋scape→________ n．风景，景色
9．green＋house→________ n．温室，暖房
10．over＋use→________ vt.过度使用；滥用
volcanic
eruption
crowded
shocking
shocked
living
landslide
wildlife
landscape
greenhouse
overuse
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．living things ________________
2．natural disasters/landscapes ________________
3．humans and nature ________________
4．be shocked at ________________
5．overuse nature ________________
6．air pollution and noise pollution ________________
7．suffer from dangerous levels of pollution ________________
8．make use of nature ________________
9．turn one's back (on sb./sth.) ________________
生物
自然灾害/景观
人与自然
对……感到震惊
过度利用自然
空气污染与噪声污染
遭受污染的危险程度
利用自然
对……置之不理；对……撒手不管
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 由……覆盖
2．________________ 私人花园
3．________________ 对……很好
4．________________ 温室效应
5．________________ 环境问题
be covered with
private gardens
be great for...
greenhouse effect
environmental problems
第一版块|核心单词
1)flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量 v．淹没；(使)泛滥；(洪水般地)涌进/出；挤满，拥满；使大受感动，充满
(教材原句)Natural disasters：floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, etc.
自然灾害：洪水、干旱、飓风、滑坡、火山爆发等。
be in flood (河水)泛滥(flood n．)，上涨
a flood of 大量的，一大批(flood n．)
flood in/into 大量涌入……(flood v．)
flood...with... 把……大量送至……；使……充满……(flood v．)
flood water 洪水
in floods of tears 泪如雨下
be flooded with 挤满，拥满；大量收到……
flood back (感觉或回忆)涌上心头，涌现
The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.
暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。
During the spring rain, the river is in flood.
春雨期间河水泛滥。
I received a flood of letters this morning.
我今天早晨收到一大批来信。
The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley.
河水冲破堤岸，淹没了山谷。
Volunteers started to flood in soon after the earthquake disaster.地震灾害发生后不久，志愿者就开始大批涌入。
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.成年人能理解被物品淹没的感觉。
[拓展]
flood sb. with questions
用大量的问题提问某人
But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions．..但当他终于打通她的电话时，这位女士对他提出了大量问题……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The room was at once flooded ________ light.
②She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded ________．
③________ (flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
④We can't cross the meadow there because the river is ________ flood.
⑤Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace ________ (flood) roads and highways.
with　
in　
Floods　
in　
flooded
2)eruption n．爆发；突然发生　erupt vi.(火山)爆发；突然发生
volcanic eruptions 火山喷发
the eruption of violence 发生暴力事件
erupt from 从……喷出
erupt in... 爆发出……
erupt into... 突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)
erupt with... 爆发出
erupt violently 猛烈地爆发
Why did the recent volcanic eruption in Iceland create so much volcanic ash
为什么冰岛最近的火山爆发会产生这么多火山灰？
Violence has erupted on the streets.大街上突然发生了暴乱。
People erupted into cheering after seeing the famous basketball player.
看到那位著名的篮球运动员后，人们爆发出欢呼声。
Ash began to erupt from the crater.火山灰开始从火山口喷出。
The crowd erupted in cheers and sobs of joy.
人群中爆发出欢呼声和喜极而泣的呜咽声。
The room erupted with laughter.房间里爆发出笑声。
[联想]
explode vi.(炸弹)爆炸
blow up(建筑物、汽车、飞机等)炸毁，炸得粉碎
[语境助记]
It has been many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 维苏威火山上一次喷发至今已有很多年了。
A regional conflict would erupt into violent warfare.地区性冲突会演变成一场大战。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the ________ (erupt).
②A regional conflict would erupt ________ violent warfare.
③The volcano ________ (erupt), raining hot ash over a wide area.
eruption　
into　
erupted
3)comment n．评论；意见　v．评论；发表意见
(1)n.评论；意见
make comments on/about 对……作出评论
cause/attract/draw comments 引来/招来评论
ask for comments 征求意见
offer comments 提意见
no comment 无可奉告
(2)v.评论；发表意见
comment that... 评论说/称……
He made no comments on our proposal.
他对我们的建议没有作评论。
Her strange behaviour caused a good deal of comment.
她的反常行为引起了不少闲话。
Students are encouraged to ask questions and offer comments in class.鼓励学生在课堂上提出问题和发表评论。
He handed me the document without comment.
他未作任何解释就把文件交给了我。
No comment. I don't know anything.
无可奉告。我什么也不知道。
One student commented that she preferred literature to social science.一位学生评论说，较之于社会科学她更喜欢文学。
[语境助记]
The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are. 这个老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She refused to make a comment ________ the incident.
②This time, however, I just couldn't let an issue go by ________ comment.
③Would you care to comment ________ any troublesome students in your class
④Make ________ (comment) only on the subjects you know well.
完成句子
⑤Allow me to ____________________ (对……作出评论) what you just said.
⑥The next thing you need to do is specifically _______________(征求意见).
on/about　
without　
on/upon
comments
make a comment on/about
ask for comments
4)crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
(教材原句)beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded
美丽，安静，绿色，忙碌，拥挤
be crowded with 挤满
a crowded street 拥挤的街道
a very crowded schedule 排得很满的日程
crowd in (on)/crowd into (想法、问题等)涌上(心头)/涌入(脑海)(crowd v．)
crowd into/onto sth./crowd in 大批涌入(狭小的空间)(crowd v．)
a crowd of 一大群；许多的(crowd n)
in crowds 成群地(crowd n．)
crowds of 成群的……
follow the crowd 跟大家一样；随大溜(crowd n．)
the crowd 民众，老百姓
stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出
break up the crowd 驱散人群
He tried to squeeze himself onto the crowded bus.
他设法挤上了那辆拥挤的公共汽车。
In spring the place is crowded with skiers.
春季这地方满是滑雪的人。
When the gates of the ground were opened, all the football supporters crowded in.
当赛场的大门打开时，球迷们一拥而进。
The court case attracted large crowds.
这起诉讼案吸引了大批旁听的人。
There is a crowd of papers on his desk.
他的书桌上有一大堆试卷。
We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.
我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战传统。我们只是随大溜。
[拓展]　
crowd vt. & vi.挤满；塞满；聚集；拥挤 n．人群；观众；一群；一伙人One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.一群记者挤满了一辆微型面包车。
A crowd was waiting for the bus when the accident happened.事故发生时，有一群人在等候公共汽车。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The girl students came here to buy flowers ________ crowds.
②The roads are ________ (crowd) with vehicles of all kinds.
③Many past memories crowded in ________ his mind.
④It's impossible ________ (crowd) any more football supporters in.
⑤I was very surprised when all of my friends crowded ________ my room to say happy birthday to me.
⑥More and more people crowded ________ and gradually separated the boy from me.
in　
crowded　
on　
to crowd
into　
in
完成句子
⑦After the meeting, the people poured out ________ (成群地).
⑧Happy memories _____________ (涌入……的脑海) me as I looked at the photographs.
in crowds
crowded in (on)
5)living adj.活的，活着的n.生计；谋生；生活方式(→live adj.活的；直播的；现场的)
(教材原句)Living Things生物
a living language 仍在使用的语言
a living legend (某方面极为杰出的)活着的传奇人物
the living and the dead 生者与死者
make/earn a/one's living 谋生
one of the greatest living composers
＝one of the greatest composers alive 在世的最伟大的作曲家之一
He was known by millions around the world as a living legend.全世界数百万人曾认为他是个活着的传奇人物。
They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.他们以潜水、用鱼叉捕鱼或捕捞贝类为生。
The teacher advised him to change his way of living.
老师建议他改变生活方式。
The cat is playing with a live mouse.
这只猫在戏弄一只活老鼠。
A live band is always a good draw at a party.
现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的。
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.无论你如何开始，记住最好的开始时间就是现在，因为你永远不会比此时此刻更有活力。
[比较]　living/alive/live/lively (adj.)
①living“活着的”，与alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。
②alive“活着的，有活力的”，可作表语、后置定语或补足语。
③live“活着的、现场直播的”，一般不指“人”，通常作前置定语。
④lively“充满活力的，生动有趣的”，既可指人，也可指物，作定语或表语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He earns ________ living by teaching at a language school.
②He left his office job to try to make a ________ (live) on the land.
写出句中live的词性及含义
③It is usual that live fishes are sold in the market.________
④We managed to record the whole of the concert from a live studio broadcast.________
选词填空：living/alive/live/lively
⑤He was the greatest ________ novelist in England.
⑥She's a ________ child and popular with everyone.
⑦It wasn't a recorded show. It was ________.
⑧Are your grandparents still ________？
a/his　
living　
形容词，活的
形容词，直播的
living　
lively　
live　
alive
6)shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信；使受电击　n．震惊；震动；冲击；休克
(教材原句)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.这两个学生被关于自然的讲座震惊了。
It shocks sb. to do... 做……使某人震惊。
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
in shock 休克；处于极度震惊状态
be in a state of shock 处于震惊状态
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊
culture shock 文化冲击
get/have a shock 感到震惊
give sb. a shock 震惊某人/使某人惊异
suffer from shock 陷入休克状态
[特别提醒]　shock作名词时多用作不可数名词，但与不定冠词连用时表示“一件令人震惊的事”，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居那样对待他们的孩子我很惊愕。
To her shock, her mother didn't say a word about the exam.令她震惊的是，她妈妈对考试只字不提。
He was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
他因休克被送进医院。
His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。
[拓展]
We were shocked at the condition of the classrooms.
我们为教室的条件而感到震惊。
I was shocked to hear of your wife's illness.
听说你妻子病了，我很震惊。
He couldn't bring himself to break the shocking news to us.
他不忍心把这令人震惊的消息告诉我们。
[比较]
shocking和shocked用作形容词的不同。
-ed形容词用于描述人的心理状态和心理感受，多修饰人及其声音、表情；－ing形容词侧重说明事物本身具备的特点，多修饰事物。如：
a shocked look/expression震惊的表情
a shocked voice震惊的声音
a piece of shocking news一条令人震惊的消息
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Earthquake ________ (shock) are often felt in Japan.
②It ________ (shock) her to hear that her good friend was attacked with cancer.
③It's ________ (shock) how students can't spell these days.
④At first, no one moved. The girls were ________ shock.
⑤________ my shock, she told me a fascinating story.
⑥It gave me quite ________ shock to be told I was seriously ill.
⑦He was shocked ________ (hear) his daughter swearing.
⑧I was ________ (shock) that she should forget me so quickly.
shocks　
shocked　
shocking
in　
To　
a
to hear　
shocked
完成句子
⑨It happened so quickly and everyone __________________ (处于震惊状态).
⑩Anyone touching that wire __________________ (会遭到严重的电击).
was in a state of shock
could get badly shocked
7)lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲　v．训斥；讲课；教导(→lecturer n．演讲者；讲师))
(1)n.讲座，讲课；演讲
give/deliver a lecture (on) 做(……)讲座/演讲
go to/attend a lecture 出席讲座
(2)v.训斥；讲课；教导(→lecturer n．演讲者；讲师)
lecture sb. about doing sth. 因做某事而训斥某人
lecture sb. on/about... 因……而教训/训斥某人
lecture in/on 讲……课
She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.
她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着全班同学的面被训斥了一顿，真让我感到羞辱。
She lectured us about coming home late every night.
她训斥我们，说我们每天晚上回家太晚。
Tom has been invited to lecture on his method of writing to a class of English students.
汤姆已应邀去给一个英语班的学生作报告，谈他的写作方法。
[拓展]
listen to a lecture听讲座
a series of lectures一系列讲座
a lecture hall/room演讲厅/室
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She doesn't talk to me but she ________ (lecture) me.
②Two students waited behind to put more questions to the ________ (lecture).
③He lectured ________ Russian literature to his students.
④The famous professor will give _______ lecture to us on culture shock.
⑤Peter was severely lectured ________ lack of consideration for his mother.
lectures　
lecturer　
on/in　
a　
for
8)overuse vt. & n．过度使用；滥用)
(教材原句)They learnt that we overused nature.他们了解到我们过度利用自然。
the overuse of natural resources 对自然资源的过度使用
overuse the power 滥用权力
Which words or phrases do you most overuse
哪些单词或短语你滥用得最多？
Eyes can be overused just like bodies and minds.
正如同身体和心智，眼睛也会被过度消耗。
Overuse of the Internet has become a household worry in China.过度使用网络在中国已经成为一种家庭烦恼。
[拓展]　含有前缀over-的词：
overpopulation n．人口过多　oversleep v．睡过头
overlook v．忽略；未注意到
overhead adj. & adv.在头顶上(的) overcook v．煮得过久
overcharge v．多收(某人的)钱；对……要价过高
overweight adj.超重的 overactive adj.过度活跃的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The whole food chain is affected by ________ overuse of chemicals in agriculture.
②This machine is designed to burn up if ________ (overuse).
③The drug is effective, but should not __________ (overuse).
完成句子
④_____________ (……的过度使用) the sunbed may cause the skin cancer.
the　
overused
be overused
The overuse of
9)million n．百万；许多；大量)
(教材原句)And there are three million private gardens.
还有300万个私人花园。
a/one million 一百万
millions of 数以百万的
two million 两百万
half a million 五十万
millions of pounds/dollars 数百万英镑/美元
have a million things to do 有很多事情要做
have millions of friends 有很多朋友
Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
你知道有大约7.5亿人没有洁净的水喝吗？
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.
在亚洲，即时通信平台正在迅速发展，有数亿用户，既有工作的，也有娱乐的。
Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.运动队老板花费数百万美元来吸引顶尖人才。
[学法点拨]　
(1)具体数目的表达：
数字＋hundred/thousand/million/billion/dozen/score
six hundred volunteers 600名志愿者
two dozen eggs 24个鸡蛋
(2)概数的表达：
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of
hundreds of people数百人
thousands of birds成千上万只鸟
dozens of times几十次
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every year, ________ (million) of birds come here for winter.
②Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions ________ years.
③Millions of dollars ________ (go) into the building of this factory since then.
④Sarah is never lonely because she has ________ (dozen) of friends.
完成句子
⑤A careless mistake cost the company ______________ (数百万美元).
millions
of
have gone
dozens
millions of dollars
10)title n．题目，标题；称号；头衔；爵位；所有权；权利；冠军vt.加标题于；授予……称号
(教材原句)Just like the title of the lecture—Living with Nature—we should protect nature.
就像讲座的题目“与自然共存”一样，我们应该保护自然。
a professional title 职称；专业头衔
a title bar 标题栏
an official title 官衔
the title of the book/painting 书/画的名称
a title of nobility 爵位
have no title to the estate 没有那份产业的所有权
have the title to the throne 有登王位的权利
win/lose the title 获得冠军/卫冕失败
I turned around and wrote the title on the blackboard.
我转过身将标题写在了黑板上。
He managed to defend his title in the men's singles.
他在男子单打比赛中卫冕成功。
The title will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London.这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予我。
She hasn't titled her article.她还没给自己的文章加标题。
The captain of this air force was titled “old friend”．
这支空军的队长被授予了“老朋友”的称号。
[拓展]
win the world heavy weight title
＝championship
获重量级世界拳击冠军
a title fight冠军争夺战
a title lady有爵位的女士
title-holder冠军
title-deed房地产所有权契据
title-page书名页；扉页
title-role(戏剧、电影等中的)剧名角色，片名角色
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She's won three singles ________ (title) this year.
②The second story in the book ________ (title) “The Scholar.”
写出句中title的词性及含义
③He was given the title of assistant manager.________
④She held the title of world champion for three years.________
⑤Four years later, Goethe published a book titled Colour Lesson.________
titles　
is titled
名词，头衔　
名词，称号
动词，把……称为，名为……
第二版块|重要短语
1)turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管；抛弃，背弃
(教材原句)Nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us.大自然受到伤害，感到痛苦，最后背弃了我们。
turn常见短语：
turn in 上交(物品)
turn into 变成
turn down 拒绝(建议、要求等)；(把音量)调小
turn up 出现；发生；调大，开大
turn out (to be)＋n./adj. 结果是……
turn over 翻转；移交(工作)；转让(公司)
turn to 求助于；查阅；转向；翻到(书的某页)
I thanked him for the offer but turned it down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了它。
It turned out that this method doesn't work well.
结果是这方法不太管用。
He turned the business over to his daughter.
他把生意移交给女儿管理。
[拓展]
turn a blind eye to对……视若无睹
turn one's nose up at瞧不起……，对……嗤之以鼻
turn one's hand to能做好
turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻/置若罔闻
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I don't understand why they turned ________ my suggestion.
②The film turned ________ to be a great success.
③If you turn ________， you might find it easier to get to sleep.
④I would never turn my back _______ her and refuse to help when there is a need.
⑤He couldn't earn a living as a novelist, so he turned ______ journalism.
⑥The teachers have to turn ________ the reports at the end of the school year.
down　
out　
over　
on　
to　
in
2)in the face of面对(问题、困难、危险等)
(教材原句)She showed great courage in the face of the disaster.面对灾难她表现出了巨大的勇气。
lose face 丢脸
save one's face 挽回面子
make a face 做鬼脸
be faced with 面对……
face to face 面对面
face to face with... 面临……
look sb. in the face/eye(s) 直视某人
In the face of science，there are no second chances.
面对科学，没有第二次机会。
We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.面对困难，我们不应该灰心。如果我们努力工作，我们就会找到出路。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①当他不敢坦然地正视她时，她知道他在撒谎。
She knew he was lying when he couldn't ________________．
②我们面临一个必须立即解决的新问题。
We are ______________ a new problem which we must solve at once.
③面对这个问题，我们没有放弃。
_________ the problem, we didn't give up.
look her in the face
face to face with
Faced with
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The area is famous for its very mild winter ________ (气候).
2．Development has been guided by a concern for the ________ (生态) of the area.
3．People were ________ (感到震惊的) that such a disaster could happen in this area.
4．The ________ (讲座) will be of especial interest to the author.
5．The whole food chain is damaged by the ________ (过度使用) of chemicals in agriculture.
6．People were concerned that pets or ________ (野生生物) could be affected by the pesticides.
climate
ecology
shocked
lecture
overuse
wildlife
7．You really can't ________ (评论) until you know the accessible facts.
8．The waiters threaded between the ________ (拥挤的) tables, focusing on the customers' need.
9．It was dark and a giant moon lit the road so brightly that you could see the ________ (风景) clearly.
10．Father never talked about what he did for a ______ (谋生) overseas.
11．The situation might all too easily have become an amazing ________ (灾难).
comment
crowded
landscape
living
disaster
12．The heavy rain has caused ________ (洪水) in many parts of the country, causing the death of wildlife.
13．Severe ________ (干旱) can cause extreme changes in the climate.
14．It's reported that over 200 people have been killed by ________ (火山的) eruptions.
15．Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the ________ (爆发).
floods
droughts
volcanic
eruption
Ⅱ.短语填空
in shock, turn one's back on, in the face of, as a result of, be crowded with1.He ______________ them when they needed him.
2．____________ the growing fears about home security, more people ensure that someone stays in their home when they're away.
3．We need to have a positive attitude even ____________ difficulties.
4．Because it ____________ people and their vehicles, the environment is not as clean as I would like it to be, which is thought-provoking.
5．He never saw such a big shark and he is ________ now.
turned his back on
As a result of
in the face of
is crowded with
in shock
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I don't feel I can comment ________ their trivial decision.
2．He moved from being a part-time tutor to being a ________ (lecture) in poetry history.
3．Fifty percent of road accidents result ________ head injuries.
4．The ________ (erupt) has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.
5．The wet soil would be covered ________ extra ground.
6．I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I __________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
on
lecturer
in
eruption
with
was shocked
7．“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising ________ (million) of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”
8．She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy ________ (flood) and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
9．My 10-year-old noticed him and made a comment ________ how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
10．The city was ________ (crowd) with disappointed people with no interest in settling down.
millions
floods　
on/about　
crowdedSection A　Topic Talk
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 鹿
2．____________ n. 野草；海藻
3．____________ n. 评论；意见
4．____________ n. 昆虫
5．____________ n. 鲸
6．____________ n. 鲨(鱼)
7．____________ n. 海豚
8．____________ n. 鹰
9．____________ n. 袋鼠
10．____________ n. 狐狸
11．____________ n. (热带)丛林
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．volcano n．火山→________ adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
2．erupt v．爆发→________ n．爆发
3．crowd v．挤满→________ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
4．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→________ adj.(令人)震惊的→________ adj.(人感到)震惊的
5．live v．生存；活着→________ adj.活的，活着的
6．land＋slide→________ n．滑坡；塌方
7．wild＋life→________ n．野生动植物，野生生物
8．land＋scape→________ n．风景，景色
9．green＋house→________ n．温室，暖房
10．over＋use→________ vt.过度使用；滥用
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A写出下列短语的汉意
1．living things ________________
2．natural disasters/landscapes
________________
3．humans and nature ________________
4．be shocked at ________________
5．overuse nature ________________
6．air pollution and noise pollution
________________
7．suffer from dangerous levels of pollution
________________
8．make use of nature ________________
9．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)
________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 由……覆盖
2．________________ 私人花园
3．________________ 对……很好
4．________________ 温室效应
5．________________ 环境问题
第一版块|核心单词
1)flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量 v．淹没；(使)泛滥；(洪水般地)涌进/出；挤满，拥满；使大受感动，充满)
(教材原句)Natural disasters：floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, etc.
自然灾害：洪水、干旱、飓风、滑坡、火山爆发等。
be in flood (河水)泛滥(flood n．)，上涨
a flood of 大量的，一大批(flood n．)
flood in/into 大量涌入……(flood v．)
flood...with... 把……大量送至……；使……充满……(flood v．)
flood water 洪水
in floods of tears 泪如雨下
be flooded with 挤满，拥满；大量收到……
flood back (感觉或回忆)涌上心头，涌现
The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.
暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。
During the spring rain, the river is in flood.
春雨期间河水泛滥。
I received a flood of letters this morning.
我今天早晨收到一大批来信。
The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley.
河水冲破堤岸，淹没了山谷。
Volunteers started to flood in soon after the earthquake disaster.地震灾害发生后不久，志愿者就开始大批涌入。
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.成年人能理解被物品淹没的感觉。
[拓展]
flood sb. with questions
用大量的问题提问某人
But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions．..但当他终于打通她的电话时，这位女士对他提出了大量问题……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The room was at once flooded ________ light.
②She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded ________．
③________ (flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
④We can't cross the meadow there because the river is ________ flood.
⑤Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace ________ (flood) roads and highways.
2)eruption n．爆发；突然发生　erupt vi.(火山)爆发；突然发生)
volcanic eruptions 火山喷发
the eruption of violence 发生暴力事件
erupt from 从……喷出
erupt in... 爆发出……
erupt into... 突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)
erupt with... 爆发出
erupt violently 猛烈地爆发
Why did the recent volcanic eruption in Iceland create so much volcanic ash
为什么冰岛最近的火山爆发会产生这么多火山灰？
Violence has erupted on the streets.大街上突然发生了暴乱。
People erupted into cheering after seeing the famous basketball player.
看到那位著名的篮球运动员后，人们爆发出欢呼声。
Ash began to erupt from the crater.火山灰开始从火山口喷出。
The crowd erupted in cheers and sobs of joy.
人群中爆发出欢呼声和喜极而泣的呜咽声。
The room erupted with laughter.房间里爆发出笑声。
[联想]
explode vi.(炸弹)爆炸
blow up(建筑物、汽车、飞机等)炸毁，炸得粉碎
[语境助记]
It has been many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 维苏威火山上一次喷发至今已有很多年了。
A regional conflict would erupt into violent warfare.地区性冲突会演变成一场大战。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the ________ (erupt).
②A regional conflict would erupt ________ violent warfare.
③The volcano ________ (erupt), raining hot ash over a wide area.
3)comment n．评论；意见　v．评论；发表意见)
(1)n.评论；意见
make comments on/about 对……作出评论
cause/attract/draw comments 引来/招来评论
ask for comments 征求意见
offer comments 提意见
no comment 无可奉告
(2)v.评论；发表意见
comment that... 评论说/称……
He made no comments on our proposal.
他对我们的建议没有作评论。
Her strange behaviour caused a good deal of comment.
她的反常行为引起了不少闲话。
Students are encouraged to ask questions and offer comments in class.鼓励学生在课堂上提出问题和发表评论。
He handed me the document without comment.
他未作任何解释就把文件交给了我。
No comment. I don't know anything.
无可奉告。我什么也不知道。
One student commented that she preferred literature to social science.一位学生评论说，较之于社会科学她更喜欢文学。
[语境助记]
The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are. 这个老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She refused to make a comment ________ the incident.
②This time, however, I just couldn't let an issue go by ________ comment.
③Would you care to comment ________ any troublesome students in your class
④Make ________ (comment) only on the subjects you know well.
完成句子
⑤Allow me to ____________________ (对……作出评论) what you just said.
⑥The next thing you need to do is specifically ____________________ (征求意见).
4)crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的)
(教材原句)beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded
美丽，安静，绿色，忙碌，拥挤
be crowded with 挤满
a crowded street 拥挤的街道
a very crowded schedule 排得很满的日程
crowd in (on)/crowd into (想法、问题等)涌上(心头)/涌入(脑海)(crowd v．)
crowd into/onto sth./crowd in 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
(crowd v．)
a crowd of 一大群；许多的(crowd n)
in crowds 成群地(crowd n．)
crowds of 成群的……
follow the crowd 跟大家一样；随大溜(crowd n．)
the crowd 民众，老百姓
stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出
break up the crowd 驱散人群
He tried to squeeze himself onto the crowded bus.
他设法挤上了那辆拥挤的公共汽车。
In spring the place is crowded with skiers.
春季这地方满是滑雪的人。
When the gates of the ground were opened, all the football supporters crowded in.
当赛场的大门打开时，球迷们一拥而进。
The court case attracted large crowds.
这起诉讼案吸引了大批旁听的人。
There is a crowd of papers on his desk.
他的书桌上有一大堆试卷。
We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.
我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战传统。我们只是随大溜。
[拓展]　crowd vt. & vi.挤满；塞满；聚集；拥挤 n．人群；观众；一群；一伙人One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.一群记者挤满了一辆微型面包车。
A crowd was waiting for the bus when the accident happened.事故发生时，有一群人在等候公共汽车。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The girl students came here to buy flowers ________ crowds.
②The roads are ________ (crowd) with vehicles of all kinds.
③Many past memories crowded in ________ his mind.
④It's impossible ________ (crowd) any more football supporters in.
⑤I was very surprised when all of my friends crowded ________ my room to say happy birthday to me.
⑥More and more people crowded ________ and gradually separated the boy from me.
完成句子
⑦After the meeting, the people poured out ________________ (成群地).
⑧Happy memories __________________ (涌入……的脑海) me as I looked at the photographs.
5)living adj.活的，活着的n.生计；谋生；生活方式(→live adj.活的；直播的；现场的))
(教材原句)Living Things生物
a living language 仍在使用的语言
a living legend (某方面极为杰出的)活着的传奇人物
the living and the dead 生者与死者
make/earn a/one's living 谋生
one of the greatest living composers
＝one of the greatest composers alive 在世的最伟大的作曲家之一
He was known by millions around the world as a living legend.全世界数百万人曾认为他是个活着的传奇人物。
They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.他们以潜水、用鱼叉捕鱼或捕捞贝类为生。
The teacher advised him to change his way of living.
老师建议他改变生活方式。
The cat is playing with a live mouse.
这只猫在戏弄一只活老鼠。
A live band is always a good draw at a party.
现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的。
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.无论你如何开始，记住最好的开始时间就是现在，因为你永远不会比此时此刻更有活力。
[比较]　living/alive/live/lively (adj.)
①living“活着的”，与alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。
②alive“活着的，有活力的”，可作表语、后置定语或补足语。
③live“活着的、现场直播的”，一般不指“人”，通常作前置定语。
④lively“充满活力的，生动有趣的”，既可指人，也可指物，作定语或表语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He earns ________ living by teaching at a language school.
②He left his office job to try to make a ________ (live) on the land.
写出句中live的词性及含义
③It is usual that live fishes are sold in the market.________
④We managed to record the whole of the concert from a live studio broadcast.________
选词填空：living/alive/live/lively
⑤He was the greatest ________ novelist in England.
⑥She's a ________ child and popular with everyone.
⑦It wasn't a recorded show. It was ________.
⑧Are your grandparents still ________？
6)shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信；使受电击　n．震惊；震动；冲击；休克)
(教材原句)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.这两个学生被关于自然的讲座震惊了。
It shocks sb. to do... 做……使某人震惊。
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
in shock 休克；处于极度震惊状态
be in a state of shock 处于震惊状态
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震惊
culture shock 文化冲击
get/have a shock 感到震惊
give sb. a shock 震惊某人/使某人惊异
suffer from shock 陷入休克状态
[特别提醒]　shock作名词时多用作不可数名词，但与不定冠词连用时表示“一件令人震惊的事”，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居那样对待他们的孩子我很惊愕。
To her shock, her mother didn't say a word about the exam.令她震惊的是，她妈妈对考试只字不提。
He was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
他因休克被送进医院。
His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。
[拓展]
We were shocked at the condition of the classrooms.
我们为教室的条件而感到震惊。
I was shocked to hear of your wife's illness.
听说你妻子病了，我很震惊。
He couldn't bring himself to break the shocking news to us.
他不忍心把这令人震惊的消息告诉我们。
[比较]
shocking和shocked用作形容词的不同。
ed形容词用于描述人的心理状态和心理感受，多修饰人及其声音、表情；－ing形容词侧重说明事物本身具备的特点，多修饰事物。如：
a shocked look/expression震惊的表情
a shocked voice震惊的声音
a piece of shocking news一条令人震惊的消息
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Earthquake ________ (shock) are often felt in Japan.
②It ________ (shock) her to hear that her good friend was attacked with cancer.
③It's ________ (shock) how students can't spell these days.
④At first, no one moved. The girls were ________ shock.
⑤________ my shock, she told me a fascinating story.
⑥It gave me quite ________ shock to be told I was seriously ill.
⑦He was shocked ________ (hear) his daughter swearing.
⑧I was ________ (shock) that she should forget me so quickly.
完成句子
⑨It happened so quickly and everyone ________________________________ (处于震惊状态).
⑩Anyone touching that wire ____________________ (会遭到严重的电击).
7)lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲　v．训斥；讲课；教导(→lecturer n．演讲者；讲师))
(1)n.讲座，讲课；演讲
give/deliver a lecture (on) 做(……)讲座/演讲
go to/attend a lecture 出席讲座
(2)v.训斥；讲课；教导(→lecturer n．演讲者；讲师)
lecture sb. about doing sth. 因做某事而训斥某人
lecture sb. on/about... 因……而教训/训斥某人
lecture in/on 讲……课
She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.
她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.当着全班同学的面被训斥了一顿，真让我感到羞辱。
She lectured us about coming home late every night.
她训斥我们，说我们每天晚上回家太晚。
Tom has been invited to lecture on his method of writing to a class of English students.
汤姆已应邀去给一个英语班的学生作报告，谈他的写作方法。
[拓展]
listen to a lecture听讲座
a series of lectures一系列讲座
a lecture hall/room演讲厅/室
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She doesn't talk to me but she ________ (lecture) me.
②Two students waited behind to put more questions to the ________ (lecture).
③He lectured ________ Russian literature to his students.
④The famous professor will give ________ lecture to us on culture shock.
⑤Peter was severely lectured ________ lack of consideration for his mother.
8)overuse vt. & n．过度使用；滥用)
(教材原句)They learnt that we overused nature.他们了解到我们过度利用自然。
the overuse of natural resources 对自然资源的过度使用
overuse the power 滥用权力
Which words or phrases do you most overuse
哪些单词或短语你滥用得最多？
Eyes can be overused just like bodies and minds.
正如同身体和心智，眼睛也会被过度消耗。
Overuse of the Internet has become a household worry in China.过度使用网络在中国已经成为一种家庭烦恼。
[拓展]　含有前缀over 的词：
overpopulation n．人口过多　　　oversleep v．睡过头
overlook v．忽略；未注意到
overhead adj. & adv.在头顶上(的) overcook v．煮得过久
overcharge v．多收(某人的)钱；对……要价过高
overweight adj.超重的 overactive adj.过度活跃的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The whole food chain is affected by ________ overuse of chemicals in agriculture.
②This machine is designed to burn up if ________ (overuse).
③The drug is effective, but should not ________ (overuse).
完成句子
④____________________________ (……的过度使用) the sunbed may cause the skin cancer.
9)million n．百万；许多；大量)
(教材原句)And there are three million private gardens.
还有300万个私人花园。
a/one million 一百万
millions of 数以百万的
two million 两百万
half a million 五十万
millions of pounds/dollars 数百万英镑/美元
have a million things to do 有很多事情要做
have millions of friends 有很多朋友
Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
你知道有大约7.5亿人没有洁净的水喝吗？
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.
在亚洲，即时通信平台正在迅速发展，有数亿用户，既有工作的，也有娱乐的。
Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.运动队老板花费数百万美元来吸引顶尖人才。
[学法点拨]　
(1)具体数目的表达：
数字＋hundred/thousand/million/billion/dozen/score
six hundred volunteers 600名志愿者
two dozen eggs 24个鸡蛋
(2)概数的表达：
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of
hundreds of people数百人
thousands of birds成千上万只鸟
dozens of times几十次
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Every year, ________ (million) of birds come here for winter.
②Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions ________ years.
③Millions of dollars ________ (go) into the building of this factory since then.
④Sarah is never lonely because she has ________ (dozen) of friends.
完成句子
⑤A careless mistake cost the company ________________ (数百万美元).
10)title n．题目，标题；称号；头衔；爵位；所有权；权利；冠军vt.加标题于；授予……称号)
(教材原句)Just like the title of the lecture—Living with Nature—we should protect nature.
就像讲座的题目“与自然共存”一样，我们应该保护自然。
a professional title 职称；专业头衔
a title bar 标题栏
an official title 官衔
the title of the book/painting 书/画的名称
a title of nobility 爵位
have no title to the estate 没有那份产业的所有权
have the title to the throne 有登王位的权利
win/lose the title 获得冠军/卫冕失败
I turned around and wrote the title on the blackboard.
我转过身将标题写在了黑板上。
He managed to defend his title in the men's singles.
他在男子单打比赛中卫冕成功。
The title will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London.这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予我。
She hasn't titled her article.她还没给自己的文章加标题。
The captain of this air force was titled “old friend”．
这支空军的队长被授予了“老朋友”的称号。
[拓展]
win the world heavy weight title
＝championship
获重量级世界拳击冠军
a title fight冠军争夺战
a title lady有爵位的女士
title holder冠军
title deed房地产所有权契据
title page书名页；扉页
title role(戏剧、电影等中的)剧名角色，片名角色
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She's won three singles ________ (title) this year.
②The second story in the book ________ (title) “The Scholar.”
写出句中title的词性及含义
③He was given the title of assistant manager.________
④She held the title of world champion for three years.________
⑤Four years later, Goethe published a book titled Colour Lesson.________
第二版块|重要短语
1)turn one's back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管；抛弃，背弃)
(教材原句)Nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us.大自然受到伤害，感到痛苦，最后背弃了我们。
turn常见短语：
turn in 上交(物品)
turn into 变成
turn down 拒绝(建议、要求等)；(把音量)调小
turn up 出现；发生；调大，开大
turn out (to be)＋n./adj. 结果是……
turn over 翻转；移交(工作)；转让(公司)
turn to 求助于；查阅；转向；翻到(书的某页)
I thanked him for the offer but turned it down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了它。
It turned out that this method doesn't work well.
结果是这方法不太管用。
He turned the business over to his daughter.
他把生意移交给女儿管理。
[拓展]
turn a blind eye to对……视若无睹
turn one's nose up at瞧不起……，对……嗤之以鼻
turn one's hand to能做好
turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻/置若罔闻
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I don't understand why they turned ________ my suggestion.
②The film turned ________ to be a great success.
③If you turn ________， you might find it easier to get to sleep.
④I would never turn my back ________ her and refuse to help when there is a need.
⑤He couldn't earn a living as a novelist, so he turned ________ journalism.
⑥The teachers have to turn ________ the reports at the end of the school year.
2)in the face of面对(问题、困难、危险等))
(教材原句)She showed great courage in the face of the disaster.面对灾难她表现出了巨大的勇气。
lose face 丢脸
save one's face 挽回面子
make a face 做鬼脸
be faced with 面对……
face to face 面对面
face to face with... 面临……
look sb. in the face/eye(s) 直视某人
In the face of science，there are no second chances.
面对科学，没有第二次机会。
We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.面对困难，我们不应该灰心。如果我们努力工作，我们就会找到出路。,[即学即练]　完成句子
①当他不敢坦然地正视她时，她知道他在撒谎。
She knew he was lying when he couldn't ____________________________．
②我们面临一个必须立即解决的新问题。
We are ________________________ a new problem which we must solve at once.
③面对这个问题，我们没有放弃。
________________ the problem, we didn't give up.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The area is famous for its very mild winter ________ (气候).
2．Development has been guided by a concern for the ________ (生态) of the area.
3．People were ________ (感到震惊的) that such a disaster could happen in this area.
4．The ________ (讲座) will be of especial interest to the author.
5．The whole food chain is damaged by the ________ (过度使用) of chemicals in agriculture.
6．People were concerned that pets or ________ (野生生物) could be affected by the pesticides.
7．You really can't ________ (评论) until you know the accessible facts.
8．The waiters threaded between the ________ (拥挤的) tables, focusing on the customers' need.
9．It was dark and a giant moon lit the road so brightly that you could see the ________ (风景) clearly.
10．Father never talked about what he did for a ________ (谋生) overseas.
11．The situation might all too easily have become an amazing ________ (灾难).
12．The heavy rain has caused ________ (洪水) in many parts of the country, causing the death of wildlife.
13．Severe ________ (干旱) can cause extreme changes in the climate.
14．It's reported that over 200 people have been killed by ________ (火山的) eruptions.
15．Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the ________ (爆发).
Ⅱ.短语填空
in shock, turn one's back on, in the face of, as a result of, be crowded with1.He ____________ them when they needed him.
2．____________ the growing fears about home security, more people ensure that someone stays in their home when they're away.
3．We need to have a positive attitude even ____________ difficulties.
4．Because it ____________ people and their vehicles, the environment is not as clean as I would like it to be, which is thought provoking.
5．He never saw such a big shark and he is ____________ now.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I don't feel I can comment ________ their trivial decision.
2．He moved from being a part time tutor to being a ________ (lecture) in poetry history.
3．Fifty percent of road accidents result ________ head injuries.
4．The ________ (erupt) has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.
5．The wet soil would be covered ________ extra ground.
6．I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
7．“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising ________ (million) of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.”
8．She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy ________ (flood) and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
9．My 10 year old noticed him and made a comment ________ how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
10．The city was ________ (crowd) with disappointed people with no interest in settling down.
Section A　Topic Talk
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．deer　2.weed　3.comment　4.insect　5.whale　6.shark
7．dolphin　8.eagle　9.kangaroo　10.fox　11.jungle
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．volcanic　2.eruption　3.crowded　4.shocking, shocked　5.living　6.landslide　7.wildlife　8.landscape
9．greenhouse　10.overuse
Ⅲ.重点短语
A
1．生物　2.自然灾害/景观　3.人与自然　4.对……感到震惊
5．过度利用自然　6.空气污染与噪声污染　7.遭受污染的危险程度　8.利用自然　9.对……置之不理；对……撒手不管
B
1．be covered with　2.private gardens　3.be great for...
4．greenhouse effect　5.environmental problems
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①with　②in　③Floods　④in　⑤flooded
2．①eruption　②into　③erupted
3．①on/about　②without　③on/upon　④comments
⑤make a comment on/about　⑥ask for comments
4．①in　②crowded　③on　④to crowd　⑤into　⑥in　⑦in crowds　⑧crowded in (on)
5．①a/his　②living　③形容词，活的　④形容词，直播的
⑤living　⑥lively　⑦live　⑧alive
6．①shocks　②shocked　③shocking　④in　⑤To　⑥a
⑦to hear　⑧shocked　⑨was in a state of shock　⑩could get badly shocked
7．①lectures　②lecturer　③on/in　④a　⑤for
8．①the　②overused　③be overused　④The overuse of
9．①millions　②of　③have gone　④dozens　⑤millions of dollars
10．①titles　②is titled　③名词，头衔　④名词，称号　⑤动词，把……称为，名为……
第二版块|重要短语
1．①down　②out　③over　④on　⑤to　⑥in
2．①look her in the face　②face to face with　③Faced with
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．climate　2.ecology　3.shocked　4.lecture　5.overuse
6．wildlife　7.comment　8.crowded　9.landscape　10.living
11．disaster　12.floods　13.droughts　14.volcanic　15.eruption
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．turned his back on　2.As a result of　3.in the face of
4．is crowded with　5.in shock
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．on　2.lecturer　3.in　4.eruption　5.with　6.was shocked
7．millions　8.floods　9.on/about　10.crowded(共136张PPT)
Section B　Lesson 1　A Sea Story
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 逃离；逃避
n. 逃跑；逃脱
2．____________ vi. 浮；漂
3．____________ n. 灵魂
4．____________ n. 边缘
5．____________ n. 桶
6．____________ n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
7．____________ n. 海浪；波涛
8．____________ n. 下降，下落
escape
float　
soul
edge
barrel
tube
wave
descent
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．mystery n．神秘的事物，难以理解的事物→________ adj.神秘的
2．fright n．惊吓；恐怖→________ vt.使惊吓；使惊恐→________ adj.受惊的，害怕的→________ adj.骇人的
3．horror n．震惊；恐惧→________ n．可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→________ adv.可怕地
4．survive vi. & vt.活下来；幸存→________ n．幸存者→________ n．幸存
5．tide n．潮汐；潮水→________ adj.潮汐的，潮水的
mysterious　
frighten
frightened
frightening
horrible
horribly
survivor
survival
tidal
6．poem n．诗→________ n．诗人→________ n．诗歌；作诗的艺术
7．curious adj.好奇的→________ n．好奇心
8．observe v．观察→________ n．观察；观察结果
9．equal adj.相等的；相同的→________ adv.平等地；同样地
10．descent n．下降，下落→________ v．下来，降临→________ n．后代；后裔；子孙
poet
poetry
curiosity
observation
equally
descend
descendant
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．survive a storm　________________
2．be introduced into ________________
3．(be) known for ________________
4．mystery tales ________________
5．less than ________________
6．in the direction of ________________
幸免于暴风雨
被引入
以……而闻名
神秘故事
少于
朝……方向
7．at that moment ________________
8．on the edge of ________________
9．move towards ________________
10．in the end ________________
11．pick up ________________
12．be unable to recognise sb. ________________
在那一刻
在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
朝……移动
最后
营救；搭救
没能认出某人
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 冒险做某事
2．________________ 突然，刹那间
3．________________ 被……覆盖
4．________________ 掉入；陷入
5．________________ 把某人的嘴靠近/凑到……
6．________________ 以极快的速度
7．________________ 降落，落下
8．________________ 把自己绑到……上
9．________________ 做出正确的决定
10．________________ ……之后不久
risk doing sth.
all at once
be covered with
fall into
put one's mouth close to
at great speed
fall down
tie oneself to
make the right decision
soon after...
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What's the text mainly about
A.An amazing rescue.
B.A horrible storm.
C.A horrible experience in my life.
D.A brave fisherman.
C
2．What happened to us on the way back home from the sea
A.A terrible storm happened.
B.Our boat was out of order.
C.A shark attacked our boat.
D.Our boat was pulled in the centre of a whirlpool.
A
3．How did I feel when my elder brother cried out“Moskoe strom”？
A. Excited. B．Disappointed.
C. Delighted. D．Frightened.
D
4．How did I save myself
A.By holding a barrel.
B.By tying myself to a barrel.
C.By staying with my elder brother.
D.By jumping into the water.
B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
One day about three years ago, my two brothers and I were returning from the islands with lots of fish 1._______ a terrible storm occurred. Our boat was covered with a huge wave and my younger brother 2.________ (fall) into the sea. My elder brother cried out “Moskoe strom！”. The moment I heard the word I became very 3.________ (frighten).
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the 4.________ (horror) edge of the whirlpool. 5.________ (strange), when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over.
when
fell
frightened
horrible
Strangely
But with time 6.________ (pass), I was still safe. The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles 7._______ great speed. After observing carefully, I thought of a way. I tied 8.________ (I) to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, 9.________ he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
Some time after I left the boat, it, together with my brother, 10.________ (pull) into the bottom of the whirlpool. I was picked up by a boat. The fishermen couldn't believe my story.
passing
at
myself
but　
was pulled
[词汇注释]
①something terrible
可怕的事情
②soul/s l/n.灵魂
③less than少于
④from black to white
从黑到白
⑤risk doing sth.
冒险做某事
⑥all at once (＝suddenly＝all of a sudden)突然，刹那间
⑦be covered with
被……覆盖
⑧wave/we v/n.海浪；波涛
⑨fall into掉入；陷入
⑩put one's mouth close to某人把嘴靠近/凑到……
cry out大声喊出
frightened/'fra tnd/adj.受惊的，害怕的
well enough很，相当(此处副词词组作状语，修饰knew)
in the direction of
朝……方向
horrible/'h r b l/adj.
可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
edge/ed /n.边缘
※near to the edge of
靠近……的边缘
whirlpool/'w lpu l/n.漩涡
at that moment在那一刻
on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
move towards朝……移动
(21) in such a way
以这样一种方式
(22)moment after moment一分一秒地；一刻又一刻地
(23)at great speed以极快的速度
(24)*barrel/'b r l/n.桶
(25)curious/'kj ri s/adj.好奇的
※become curious about变得对……好奇
(26)observation/ bz 've n/n.观察；观察结果
※observe v．观察；观测
(27)equal/'i kw l/adj.相等的；相同的
※equally adv.平等地
equality n．平等；均等
(28)extent/ k'stent/n.面积；长度；范围；程度
※of equal extent 同等长度的
(29)shaped like形状像……的
(30)tube/tju b/n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
(31)fall down降落，落下
(32)tie oneself to
把自己绑到……上
(33)*float/fl t/vi.浮漂
(34)without doing...没有做……
(35)escape/ 'ske p/vi. 逃跑；逃离
※escape from 从……逃跑
(36)soon after……之后不久
(37)less wild不那么疯狂
(38)in the end最后
(39)pick sb. up把某人救起
(40)be unable to do sth. 没能做某事
(41)expect sb. to do sth.
期望某人做某事
[教材原文]
About three years ago, something terrible① happened to me. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul②．[1] You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than③ a single day to change my hair from black to white④.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going⑤ and got more fish than others. [2]All at once⑥， the sky was covered with⑦ dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave⑧ covered our boat and my younger brother fell into⑨ the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to⑩ my ear and cried out “Moskoe－strom！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened . I knew what he meant by that one word well enough .
[1]句中when引导定语从句，修饰the day。从句中含有it takes/took some time to do sth.句式，其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。
[2]句中where引导限制性定语从句，修饰the islands。
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream．[3] We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool . It may appear strange, but at that moment ， when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way21, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment22 passed, and I was still safe.
[3]as if (＝as though)引导方式状语从句。此处作者把在风浪中恶心的感觉与睡梦中从山顶掉落的那种眩晕感作比较。
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed23. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels24. After a while, I became curious25 about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations26. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal27 extent28, round objects fell down more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like29 a tube30 fell down31 more slowly. So I tied myself to32 a barrel to help me float33. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting34, I jumped into the sea to try and escape35.
As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision．[4] Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after36 that, the whirlpool became less wild37. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were[5]. In the end38, a boat picked me up39. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to40 recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to41 believe me any more than the fishermen did.
[4]此句是复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中作see的宾语，指代后面整个主句内容；why引导定语从句，修饰the reason; that引导表语从句。The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
Sb./Sth. is here to do sth.某人/某物的职责/用途就是做某事。
We're here to serve you.我们的职责就是为你服务。
[5]句中where引导定语从句，修饰an area，关系副词where在从句中作表语。
[汉语译文]
大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。你以为我是个很老的人，但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼，返回途中，突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。我们的船被巨浪淹没了，我弟弟掉进了海里，我哥哥把嘴贴在我耳朵上，大喊：“Moskoe风暴！”一听到这个词，我恐惧至极，就听到这一个词我就明白他的意思了。
伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们非常无助。没有什么能救我们。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们在漩涡边缘的时候，我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。我开始想，这样死去是多么令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命要结束了。但时间一分一秒地过去，我仍然是安全的。
船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。我清楚地看到在漩涡里还有其他东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我有三个重要的观察结果。第一，物体越大，下沉越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更快；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，管状物体落得更慢。
所以我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助我漂浮。我尽力让我哥哥也明白，但他太害怕了，留在了那条沉重的船上。我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。没多久，漩涡就变得不那么疯狂了。然后天空放晴，风平静了下来，月亮在闪闪发光。我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个有其他渔夫的地方。最后，一条船(上的人)把我救了起来。我疲惫至极。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们已经认不出我了。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们并不相信。现在故事讲完了，我并不指望你能比那些渔夫更相信我。
第一版块|核心单词
1)wave n．海浪；波涛；(头发)卷曲；波　v．挥动；飘动)
(1)n.海浪；波涛；(头发)卷曲；波
a wave of 一波……
a heat wave 一波热浪
a huge wave 一个巨浪
(2)v.挥动；飘动
wave to 向……挥手(强调动作)
wave at 向……挥手(强调状态)
wave sb. goodbye/ wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手道别
The waves rose and fell on the shore.海浪在岸边时起时伏。
She has a natural wave in her hair.她的头发自然卷曲。
The two sets of waves cancel each other out.
这两组波浪相互抵消。
A wave of panic spread through the crowd.一阵恐慌传遍人群。
All around me I saw tall trees waving in the wind.
我看见周围的高树随风飘动。
We waved to him but there was no response.
我们向他挥手，但是没有回应。
My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.
我的出租车司机只是微笑着向那个人挥手。
When the last class was over, we all rushed out of the classroom to wave our teacher goodbye.
最后一节课结束时，我们都冲出教室，向老师挥手告别。
[拓展]　wave one's hand挥手
wave sb. of挥手送别某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The captain stuck his head out of window and waved ________ his father and his wife.
②My mother was crying as I waved goodbye ________ her.
③Next time you wave ________ me, use more than one finger, please!
④The president ________ (wave) at the crowd from the steps of the plane.
⑤It's partly that his writings rode ________ wave of social, political and scientific progress.
写出句中wave的词性及含义
⑥That flag is still waving in the upper site of that sinking boat.________
⑦Bill waved his hand to us and then drove away.________
to/at　
to　
to/at　
waved　
a
动词，飘动
动词，挥动
2)escape vi. & vt.逃离；逃避；被忘掉，被忽视　n．逃跑；逃避；泄露
(1)vi. & vt.逃离；逃避；被忘掉，被忽视
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意，被某人忽视
escape punishment＝escape being punished 逃避惩罚/没有被惩罚
escape from prison 从监狱里逃跑
escape death 死里逃生
escape to 逃至……
escape from 从……逃离
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做……
narrowly escape 九死一生/勉强逃过
(2)n.逃跑；逃避；泄露
a narrow/lucky escape 死里逃生/幸运逃脱
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
You were lucky to escape punishment.
你逃避了惩罚，真幸运。
They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out.战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。
His name has quite escaped from my memory.
我完全不记得他的名字了。
The bird was lucky to escape being caught.
那只鸟很幸运，没有被抓住。
He narrowly escaped in the air crash.
他险些在飞机失事中遇难。
A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐的暂时解脱可以让她免受老板的差遣。
He listens to music as an escape from the pressure of work.他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力。
[注意]
句式sth. escapes sb.某人把某事给忘了/某事没有被某人注意到
escape作“被……忘记，没有被……注意到”讲时，用Sth. escapes sb.结构。
如：Her address escaped me.我把她的地址忘了。
the name/date/title escapes sb.某人记不起某个名字/日期/名称
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I found no method of escaping ________ pain and suffering.
②They are reported to have escaped ________ the other side of the border.
③He narrowly escaped ________ (hurt) in the accident.
④The explosion was caused by ________ escape of gas.
⑤There is no way to escape ________ (do) the work.
⑥He had ________ narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.
from　
to　
being hurt
an　
doing
a
完成句子
⑦To my surprise, he could __________ (从……逃离) that big fire.
⑧We luckily __________________ (没有感冒) this winter.
⑨That was _____________ (死里逃生) all right, when our car turned over！
escape from
escaped having any cold
a narrow escape
3)survive vi. & vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长
(教材原句)to survive a storm在风暴中活下来
survive on 靠……生存
survive from... 从……沿袭/保存下来
survive the attack/earthquake 在袭击/地震中幸免于难
survive the crisis 渡过危机
survive sb. by...year(s) 比某人多活……年
It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.很难说这是一种很好的生存方式。
Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.
西安城墙是中国悠久历史中保存最完整的城墙。
They can survive on very little money.
他们用很少的钱就可以生存。
His elder brother survived him by ten years.
他哥哥比他多活了十年。
[拓展]　survival n．生存；幸存；残存物
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.在地震中幸存下来之后，这位老人成了这个家庭中少数幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is one of the greatest books to survive ________ the ancient world.
②How does the family survive ________ such a small monthly wage
③Mr. Tanner __________ (survive) by his wife and two children.
④There was only one ________ (survive) of the plane crash.
⑤Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; ________ (survive) is never certain.
完成句子
⑥Some strange customs_______________ (从……沿袭下来) earlier times.
⑦We cannot _____________ (活不了多久) without food and drink.
from　
on　
was survived
survivor
survival
have survived from　
survive for long
4)poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术；诗意(→poem n．诗歌韵文 poet n．诗人)
(教材原句)Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849) was an American writer, best known for his poetry and short stories...
埃德加·爱伦·坡(1809—1849)，美国作家，以诗歌和短篇小说著称……
poetry reading 诗歌朗诵
poetry contest 诗歌比赛
a poetry magazine 诗歌杂志
Tang poetry 唐诗
epic/lyric/pastoral poetry 史诗/抒情诗/田园诗
I spent all my spare time reading poetry.
我所有的业余时间都用在诗歌阅读上。
The dancer has poetry in her movements.
那舞蹈演员的动作颇有诗意。
The poem humorously describes local characters and traditions.那首诗幽默地描述了当地的人物和传统。
The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of a Chinese poet.端午节是为了纪念中国的一位诗人。
[特别提醒]　poetry是“诗歌”的总称，而poem是指具体的诗。表示“总称”的名词通常是不可数名词，如poetry, scenery, machinery (机械), jewelry (珠宝), furniture, luggage, rubbish, clothing等。
[联想]　常见的英语诗歌形式：
ballad 叙事诗
lyric 抒情诗
epic 史诗
list poem 清单诗
sonnet 十四行诗
limerick 五行打油诗
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Poetry always ________ (lose) something in translation.
②His ________ (poem) was slow in achieving recognition.
③Keats is one of the greatest Romantic ________ (poet).
④A change of ________ (scene) might do you good.
⑤This box will have to serve for a table until the furniture ________ (arrive).
loses　
poetry　
poets　
scenery　
arrives
5)soul n．灵魂；心灵；精神；人)
(教材原句)That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
heart and soul 全心全意地，尽全力地
put heart and soul into 全心全意地投入到……中
a poor/good/cheerful soul 可怜的/好/快乐的人
immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭
A dancer must throw herself heart and soul into every performance.舞蹈演员对每一场演出都必须尽心尽力。
She is putting her heart and soul into the job.
她全心全意地做她的工作。
Knowledge is the food of the soul.知识是精神食粮。
I felt pity for the poor soul. I went in and came out with an old towel.
我同情这个可怜的人。我进去，出来时拿着一条旧毛巾。

[语境助记]
Do you believe in the immortality of the soul？你相信灵魂不灭吗？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It may look like a simple task, but you have to put your heart and soul ________ it.
②Jane plays tennis badly, but ______ heart and soul.
完成句子
③They threw themselves _____________ (全心全意地) into the project.
④He ____________________ (把精力全部贯注在……)the work.
into　
with　
heart and soul
put his heart and soul into
6)frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
be frightened that... 害怕……
be frightened to death 被吓死，怕得要命
frighten sb. into (doing) sth. 恐吓某人(做)某事
frighten...away/off 把……吓走/吓跑
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
Liza was so frightened that she couldn't make a sound.
莉莎吓得发不出声音来。
She is frightened to ride a bike at night alone.
她害怕晚上一个人骑自行车。
The little girl was frightened that her mother would not come back.这位小女孩害怕她妈妈不回来。
His wife is frightened to death when she has to travel by air.他的妻子不得不坐飞机旅行时怕得要命。
You'll find that I don't frighten easily.
你会发现我不是轻易就会害怕的。
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
当我和大猩猩吓到彼此时，我很高兴它们还活着。
The boy frightened away the pigeons from the roof.
那男孩把屋顶上的鸽子吓飞了。
[拓展]
It is frightening to do sth.做某事令人害怕
a frightening experience一次可怕的经历
in fright惊恐地

[语境助记]
A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.突然停下来可能是非常可怕的经历，特别是当你在高速行进时。
He cried out in fright as the dark figure approached.那个黑影向他逼近，他吓得叫了出来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They were frightened ________ death by the accident.
②They frightened him ________ telling them the secret.
③From time to time his sharp cough broke the rather ________ (frighten) stillness.
④He had tried to coax the dog to him but, ________ (frighten), it had run off.
⑤He waved his torch to ________ (fright) away the wolf.
⑥The child turned and ran ________ fright from the fierce looking dog.
⑦The burglars ______________ (frighten) off by the sound of our dog barking.
to　
into　
frightening　
frightened
frighten　
in　
were frightened
完成句子
⑧He ____________________________ (恐吓那位老人给他) all the money.
⑨Some people _____________ (害怕) thunder, and others of snake.
⑩She ____________________ (害怕往下看) from the top of the tall building.
frightened the old man into giving him
are frightened of
was frightened to look down
7)horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的(→horribly adv.可怕地；恐怖地；极其)
(教材原句)We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。
a horrible smell 极难闻的气味
a horrible dream 噩梦
horrible weather 糟透了的天气
have a horrible feeling 有一种很不好的感觉
horrible dress 难看的衣服
a horrible sight 可怕的景象
a horrible crime 令人发指的罪行
His death was a horrible blow to me.
他的死对我来说是个可怕的打击。
The sight of the battlefield was horrible.
战场的情景令人毛骨悚然。
The man began to scream horribly.
那个人开始可怕地尖叫起来。
The toilets in that restaurant were horribly smelly.
那个餐馆的卫生间气味极其难闻。
To his horror, the bus caught fire.
使他惊恐的是，公共汽车着火了。
At the sight of the snake, he drew back in horror.
一瞧见那蛇，他便吓得缩了回来。
[易混比较]　
[名]horror—[形]horrible—[动]horrify
[名]terror—[形]terrible—[动]terrify
horror n．震惊，恐惧，令人恐怖的事。强调“令人毛骨悚然”。
terror n．恐怖，恐怖行动，可怕的事。强调“令人感到危险”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I have a ________ (horror) feeling that we're going to miss the plane.
②Her face was still ________ (horrible) swollen.
③The captain realised ________ his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly.
④She looked ________ horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.
完成句子
⑤People watched ________ (惊恐地)as the plane crashed to the ground.
⑥听到这个坏消息我十分震惊。
_________________________________________________________
horrible
horribly
to　
in
in horror
I was filled with horror at the bad news.
8)edge n．边缘；优势
on the edge of 在……的边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
at the edge of 在……的边缘
lose the edge 失去优势
on edge 紧张不安；急切
on the edge of one's seat 极为激动
have the edge on/over 略微胜过，比……稍强
Look out! You could fall off the edge here!
小心！你会从这边缘掉下去的！
We all know some species are on the edge of dying out.
我们都知道一些物种正处于灭绝的边缘。
They have lost the edge.他们已经失去了优势。
Having heard from his parents' letter, the boy was on the edge of his seat.收到他父母的来信，那个男孩极为激动。
She was always on edge before an interview.
她在面试前总是紧张不安。
[易混比较]　at the edge of不特指在物体的表面的边缘，on the edge of指在物体的表面的边缘。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The wolves have been howling away ________ the edge of the forest for hours.
②This long wait for news of my son's whereabouts has set my nerves ________ edge.
③Kay sat ________ the edge of the bed to pull on her stockings.
④In this aspect, I think paper bags have the edge ________ plastic bags.
on　
on　
at/on　
on/over
9)curious adj.好奇的；奇特的　curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n. 好奇心
(教材原句)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
be curious about 对……好奇
become curious about 变得对……好奇
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
It is/was curious that... 奇怪的是……
I caught a curious sound in the neighbouring room.
我听到隔壁房间里有奇怪的响声。
She was curious about how the experts did it.
她很好奇专家们是怎么做到的。
We were curious to know where she'd gone.
我们好奇地想知道她到哪里去了。
It is curious that no one (should) have noticed his presence.奇怪的是没有人注意到他在场。
Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.莉兹捡起那个蓝色的信封，好奇地把它翻过来。
The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.
大厅里的人似乎很爱管闲事，好奇地盯着我看。
[拓展]
satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth.有做某事的好奇心
show curiosity about对……显示出好奇
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't be too curious ________ things you are not supposed to know.
②The salesgirl in the shop looked at them ________ (curious).
③We went to the show out of ________ (curious) more than anything else.
④She opened her eyes and looked up at me ________ curiosity and hopefulness.
⑤I was curious ________ (find) out what she had said.
完成句子
⑥_______________ (奇怪的是) she didn't tell anyone about it.
⑦The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it ____________ (出于好奇).
about　
curiously　
curiosity　
with
to find
It was curious that
out of curiosity
10)observation n．观察；观察结果
(教材原句)I then made three important observations.
然后我有三个重要的发现。
under observation 在观察中；在监视之下；受到监视
keep...under observation 观察……
observation point 观察点
In hospital she'll be under observation all the time.
在医院里，她会一直接受观察。
The doctor decided to keep him under observation for another week.医生决定再观察他一周。
observe vt. 观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝
observe carefully/closely 仔细地/密切地观察
observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
observe sb. do sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe the law 遵守法律
He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars.他做了个望远镜，用其可以观察星星。
Have you observed anything strange in her words
你注意到她的话里有什么奇怪的地方吗？
All citizens should observe traffic rules.
所有公民都应遵守交通规则。
It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝春节是这里的人的传统。
[特别提醒]　observe sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，不定式要加上to。
He was observed to follow her closely.有人注意到他紧跟着她。
感官动词observe, see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to等后用现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行，用不带to的不定式作宾补强调动作的整个过程。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He will be ________ observation for a period of time.
②The astronomers were taking an ________ (observe) of Jupiter.
③The patient is seriously ill and is being kept ________ continuous observation.
写出句中observe的含义
④We are going to hold a party for Grandpa this weekend to observe his 70th birthday.________
⑤We cannot always observe the traditions handed down to us from the past.________
⑥Students observed the stars at night.________
under　
observation
under
庆祝　
遵守
观察
11)equal adj.相等的；相同的 vt.比得上；等于n.同辈；平等；(同等的)人或事物[→equally adv.平等地；同等(重要)地equality n．平等；相等]
(教材原句)．..the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly.第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更快。
be equal to 与……相等；平等；胜任
(equal adj.)(to是介词，后接名词或动名词)
be equal in 在……方面相等(equal adj.)
be equal in size/length 大小/长度相等
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌(equal n．)
on equal terms (with sb.) (与某人)地位平等
be equalled (only) by sth. (只有)某事物才能匹敌
Women demand equal pay for equal work.
妇女要求同工同酬。
Twenty five added to ten is equal to thirty five.
25加10等于35.
The new manager is not equal to the task, as it were.
新经理对这项工作可以说是不能胜任的。
All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前人人平等。
They are my equals in age.我和他们是同龄人。
They are fighting for the equality between women and men.她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
[语境助记]
Nobody can equal him in intelligence.
没有人在智力方面能比得上他。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Bill is quite equal ________ running the office.
②All these techniques are ________ (equal) effective.
③All men are not equal ________ ability.
④He is a basketball player ________ equal in the team.
⑤One horse is not equal to ________ (pull) the heavy cart.
写出句中equal的词性及含义
⑥All countries, big and small, should be equal.________
⑦Simon is younger but he equals his brother in all sports.________
⑧Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.________
to　
equally　
in　
without　
pulling
形容词，平等的
动词，比得上
名词，同等的事物
12)extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度
in extent 就面积/长度而言
to some extent＝to a certain extent/to an extent
在某种程度上
to a great/large extent 在很大程度上
to such an extent that (＝so much that)
达到如此程度以至于……
to the extent that 达到……程度
to the extent of 到……程度
From the moon you can see the full extent of the Sahara Desert.从月球上你能看到撒哈拉沙漠的全貌。
He was amazed at the extent of the old man's knowledge.
他对这位老人知识的渊博程度感到惊奇。
The playground covers over an acre in extent.
操场的面积超过一英亩。
Perhaps the last remark was true, to an extent.
也许最后一句话在一定程度上是真的。
To a great extent you are right.你在很大程度上是对的。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.
读书当然是学习，然而运用在更大程度上也是学习。
[同义表达]
to some extent＝to some degree
在某种程度上
to some extent＝in a/some/one way
在某种程度上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ some extent what she argues is true.
②In ________ way good service sells our products.
③We are building a new racing track ten miles ________ extent.
写出句中extent的含义
④When the smoke blew away, we could see the extent of the damage.________
⑤The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.________
⑥The open ground was several acres in extent.________
To　
a　
in　
程度　
长度　
面积
第二版块|重要短语
1)be covered with/by被……覆盖
(教材原句)The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.通往道森的路上覆盖着30英尺厚的湿雪，雪可能会在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌。
cover...with... 用……覆盖……
cover one's face with one's hands 双手掩面
cover an area of 占地……
cover the cost of 足够支付……的费用
a course covering business law 一门包括商法的课程
cover 90 miles in three days 三天走90英里
The lecture is very interesting and covers much useful information we need.
这个讲座很有趣，并且包含很多我们需要的信息。
Mother covered the baby with a blanket.
母亲用毛毯将婴儿包起来。
Will 100 yuan cover the bill？一百元够付账单吗？

[拓展]
cover vt.覆盖；包含；足够支付；行走；占
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The top of the mountain is ________ (cover) with snow.
②Being ill in bed, my old grandpa is covered ________ a quilt.
③He covered the hole ________ a large piece of cloth so as not to be found by the dog.
covered　
with　
with
2)fall into掉进/陷入……；可以分成……
(教材原句)Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, David fell into despair.没有朋友和金钱，戴维孤身一人在一个陌生的城市陷入绝望。
fall into the sea/river 掉进海/河里
fall into the hands of sb. 落入某人的手中
fall into three parts 可以分成三个部分
fall apart 破裂；破碎
fall behind 落在……的后面；跟不上
fall down 倒下；不足，不够好
fall in love with sb. 爱上某人
The boy fell into a deep sleep.男孩睡熟了。
She fell for the artist.她倾心于这个艺术家。
We must not fall for the nonsense.
我们决不能听信这种胡说。
[拓展]
fall off数量减少
fall for爱上；迷恋；上当/受(某人)欺骗
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The child fell ________ the lake and had to be pulled out.
②He fell ________ in the race and had to make more effort to catch up.
③She fell ________ dancing and always went to the ball in her spare time.
④Let's look at the text and it falls ________ three parts.
⑤The soldier would rather die than fall into the hands ________ the enemy.
⑥We used to be good friends, but fell ________ about a year ago.
into　
behind　
for　
into　
of　
apart
3)in the direction of朝……方向
(教材原句)They were walking in the direction of the sea.
他们正在朝着大海的方向走去。
from the direction of 从……方向
in the opposite direction 朝反方向
in all directions＝in every direction 四面八方
ask directions 问路
a sense of direction 方向感
under the direction of sb. 在某人的指导下
Some riders of ebikes and bicycles come and go in all directions, ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
一些骑电动车和自行车的人从四面八方来来往往，无视交通信号灯和其他车辆。
All work was produced by the students under the direction of John Williams.
所有作品都是在约翰·威廉斯的指导下由学生创作完成的。
[误区警示]　这辆汽车朝北方开去。
The car ran to the direction of the north.(×)
The car ran in the direction of the north.(√)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has a good sense ________ direction.
②I asked her ________ directions ________ the mall.
③Soldiers must follow ________ (direction).
④She practiced the piano _______ the direction _______ her instructor.
⑤Please read the ________ (direction) before using the machine.
完成句子
⑥很多人突然朝邮局的方向去了。
Many people went off ______________ the post office all at once.
⑦The enemy soldiers escaped ________________________ (四面八方)
of　
for
to　
directions
under
of　
directions
in the direction of
in all directions/in every direction
4)in the end最后；终于
by the end of 到……末为止
at the end of 在……末尾；在……的尽头
on end 连续地；直立着，竖着
come to an end 结束；告终；收场
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
put an end to sth. 中止/结束某事
Their marriage came to a tragic end.
他们的婚姻以悲剧收场。
My daughter will come back home at the end of the year.
我女儿将在年底回家来。
I will have finished writing the novel by the end of June.
到六月末我就会写完这部小说了。
He put an end to their conflict.他结束了他们的冲突。
The wolf made her hair stand on end.狼使她毛骨悚然。
The accountant tried his best to make (both) ends meet.
会计尽最大努力使收支平衡。
He is at the end of his resources.他已经到了山穷水尽的地步。
[比较]　in the end/at an end
in the end“最终，终于”，常作状语；
at an end“终结，结束”，常作表语。
We are sure that you will succeed in the end．我们保证你最终会成功的。
When our day's work was at an end, we hastened there.当天工作一结束，我们就急忙赶到那里。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What did you decide ________ the end
②The meeting came to ________ end three hours later.
③All bad effects were ________ an end, and they studied together happily.
④It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end ________ the day feeling a little misunderstood.
in　
an　
at　
of
5)pick up营救；搭救
(教材原句)Henry was picked up by a Chinese ship.
亨利被一艘中国船只救了。
pick up sb. 营救某人
pick up的其他含义
·捡起；接电话
pick up a coin 捡起一枚硬币
pick up the phone 接起电话
·开车接
pick you up at the airport 开车去机场接你
·接收(信号等)
pick up a signal 接收信号
·好转；增强
Things began to pick up. 情况开始有所好转。
The wind is picking up now. 现在风愈刮愈大了。
·(偶然)学会，得到
pick up bad habits 染上坏习惯
pick up some French 学会一些法语
[联想]　pick out精心挑选；辨认出

[特别提醒]　pick up是“动词＋副词”型短语，人称代词作宾语时，要放在pick与up中间。
[即学即练]　根据上下文，判断各句中pick up的汉语意思
①Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self driving minibus.________
②It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.________
③Only after she took charge of the company did its business pick up.________
④The wind picked up and thunder rolled.________
完成句子
⑤如果你碰到从路过的汽车里扔出来的废纸，把它捡起来。
Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, _________．
(用车去)接，取
学会　
好转
增强　
pick it up
第三版块|疑难句型
1)as if引导方式状语从句)
(教材原句)I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
He acted as if he hadn't heard any of it.
他表现得好像一点都没有听过这件事一样。
[句式分析]　
(1)as if引导方式状语从句时的语气
as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句谓语构成如下：
与现在事实不符 过去式(be用were)
与过去事实不符 had done ( be用 had been)
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should＋be/do
You sound as if you didn't care.你听上去好像并不在乎。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
(2) look/seem/feel＋ as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.(虚拟语气)她似乎又回到了她的童年时代。
She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if (she was) to thank him for it.她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。
[学法点拨]　
as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，从而构成“as if＋分词(短语)/不定式(短语)/形容词/介词短语”形式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Li Ming speaks English as if he ________ (be) an American.
②They looked as if they ________ (not care).
③He opened his lips as if ________ (say) something.
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤After the rain the corn shot up as if ________ magic.
⑥That boy walked into the meal as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.
were　
didn't care　
to say
existed　
by
hadn't seen
完成句子
⑦He talked about Rome ______________________ (好像他以前去过似的).
⑧They treat me __________________ (好像我是个陌生人).
⑨Lucy went into the room ____________________ (好像在寻找什么).
as if he had been there before
as if I were a stranger
as if in search of something
2)It takes/will take (sb.) some time to do sth.(某人)花费/将花费……时间做某事。)
Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.
某人在某事上花费……时间/金钱。
Sb. spend(s) some time (in)/money (on) doing sth.
某人花费……时间/金钱做某事。
Sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人花……钱买某物。
Sth. cost(s) sb. sth. 某物使某人失去……；某物花费某人……
It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time.
到市中心要花40分钟。乘出租车只要一半的时间。
It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.我从洗漱、换衣服、吃早饭、离家到坐上公共汽车用了不到15分钟的时间。
They spent more than an hour (in) decorating the whole house.他们花了一个多小时的时间装饰整座房子。
Decorating the whole house cost them more than an hour.装修整个房子花了他们一个多小时。
[误区警示]　(1)cost的主语不能是人，而spend与pay的主语只能是人，take的主语常为事物；
(2)pay与for搭配，而spend常与in或on搭配。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
②Brian paid $1, 000 ________ his new air conditioner.
③The couch potato usually spends about sixteen hours ________ (watch) TV every day.
选词填空：take/spend/cost/pay
④The alarm clock ________ me five dollars.
⑤Think of how long it ________ to listen to one of those messages.
⑥She ________ 5，000 yuan for the fridge.
⑦Every day I ________ half an hour online talking with my penfriend about our stressful life.
to acquire　
for　
watching
cost(s)　
takes
pays/paid
spend
3)the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)越……，就越……(前者表示条件，后者表示结果)
(教材原句)The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下落就越快……
The more you practise, the better you can understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。
The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.一个人越博学，他通常就变得越谦虚。
When spring comes, the weather gets warmer and warmer.当春天来临时，天气变得越来越暖和。
Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.当我们年纪越大，学习就变得越来越困难。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
②The harder you study, ________ greater you'll be.
③The flames were growing higher ________ higher.
④As the evening wore on, she became more and more ________ (nerve).
The more
the　
and　
nervous
4)the moment引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.一听到这个司，我恐惧至极。
[句式分析]　the moment...意为“一……就……”，是名词短语，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。(＝as soon as)
He hid himself the moment he saw me.
他一看到我就躲藏起来。
As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.你一得到你需要的答案，就去找下一个人。
[归纳拓展]　下列名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句：
the minute/instant/second一……就……
the first/second time第一次/第二次
every/each time每次
(the) last/(the) next time上次/下次
I'll tell her the news the minute/instant/second she gets here.她一来我就会告诉她这个消息。
immediately/instantly也可引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
as soon as一……就……
[即学即练]　一句多译
雨一停我就出去。
①I'll go out __________________________ it stops raining.
②I'll go out _________________ it stops raining.
③I'll go out __________ it stops raining.
完成句子
④我第一次去那里的时候，他们和狗、鸭子以及其他动物住在一个小房子里。
___________ I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
⑤每次我来到赛道，我都觉得我离开了这个地方。
_________ I come to the track, I feel like I'm out of this place.
the moment/second/minute/instant
immediately/instantly
as soon as
The first time
Every time
5)with复合结构
(教材原句)Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.
在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a tree.
由于很累，吉姆背靠着一棵树睡得很熟。
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。
[学法点拨]　with复合结构构成为“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随状况等，也可在句中作定语。
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词(短语)
With the window open, my daughter fell asleep on the sofa.开着窗，我女儿在沙发上睡着了。
(2)with＋宾语＋副词(短语)
With his son away from home, he was worried.
儿子离开家，他很担心。
(3)with＋宾语＋现在分词(短语)(表示主动或正在进行)
With spring coming, trees turn green.春天来了，树变绿了。
(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)(表示被动或完成)
With his work finished, he went home earlier than usual.
工作结束后，他比平常早回家了。
(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(短语)(表示尚未发生)
With lots of work to do，I don't know if I will have time to go out.有很多工作要做，我不知道是否有时间出去。
(6) with＋宾语＋介词短语
With a smile on her face, she waved at her friends at the airport.在机场，她面带微笑向她的朋友挥手。
[误区警示]　with复合结构中，宾补为形容词、副词和介词短语时，通常表示宾语的特征、性质等；宾补为现在分词时，表示宾语与宾补之间为主动关系；宾补为过去分词时，表示宾语与宾补之间为被动关系；宾补为动词不定式时，往往表示动作还没有发生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her feet ________ (wound) so much.
②With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.
③The manager came in with his assistant ________ (follow) him.
④A young lady came up to me ________ some literature books in her hand.
⑤The old man walked in with a stick ________ his hand.
wounded　
to settle　
following
with　
in
用with复合结构完成句子
⑥________________________ (有很多事情需要处理), I can't go on holiday.
⑦Do you know the lady __________________ (怀里抱着一个婴儿)
⑧We completely solved the problem ________________________ (很多科学的方法被使用).
⑨____________________ (随着空气质量的改善), people's health is getting better day by day.
With so many things to deal with
with a baby in her arms　
with many scientific methods used
With air quality getting better
6)be doing...when正在做……，这时(突然)……(when是并列连词)
(教材原句)One day, he was out fishing with his two brothers when the sky suddenly clouded over...一天，他和他的两个兄弟正在外面捕鱼，这时突然天空乌云密布……
[句式分析]　此句中的when为并列连词，意为“这时”，表示它前后的句子是并列关系。这个句型表示“一个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生，打断了正在进行的动作。”再如：
They were making a plan about the project when the light went out.他们正在制订这个工程计划，突然灯灭了。
The artist was working on his painting when his friends came to visit him.这位艺术家正在画画，这时他的朋友来拜访他。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)when作并列连词，还用在下面结构中：
be about to do sth. when...刚要做某事突然……
The family were about to go out when the postman came.
这家人正要出去，这时邮递员来了。
be on the point of doing sth. when...刚要做某事突然……
She was on the point of getting the car started when the telephone rang.她正要发动汽车，这时电话铃响了。
had (just) done sth. when...刚做完某事就……
We had just arrived at home when it began to rain.
我们刚到家，这时就开始下雨了。
(2)when作从属连词，引导状语从句或名词性从句
It is much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.当你们有相似的兴趣时，交朋友会容易得多。
When we will go to Beijing hasn't been decided.
我们什么时候去北京还没有决定。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tom was sleeping soundly ________ he heard someone screaming.
②He __________ (walk) in the street when it rained cats and dogs.
③The ship was on the point of setting sail ________ it began to rain.
完成句子
④I _________________________________________________ (正要看电视，突然) the power was out.
⑤They ________________________ (正在海上看风景，突然) the ship began to sink.
⑥He _______________________________________ (刚吃完晚饭正要出去，这时) one of his best friends dropped in.
when
was walking
when
was on the point of watching TV when/was about to watch TV when
were enjoying the scenery when
had just finished supper and was about to go out when
7)The reason why... is/was that……的原因是……
(教材原句)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.如你所见，我能在这时讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
[句式分析]　该句式中，why引导定语从句，why相当于for which; that引导表语从句。
reason作先行词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或for which引导定语从句；如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或which引导定语从句。
the reason why he resigned＝the reason for which he resigned他辞职的原因
the reason that/which he told us他告诉我们的原因
The reason why/for which he was late for class today was that he met with a traffic accident on the road to school.
今天他上课迟到的原因是他在去学校的路上遇到了交通事故。
We don't believe him. It/This/That is because he is dishonest.我们不相信他。这是因为他不诚实。
He is dishonest. It/This/That is why we don't believe him.他不诚实。这是我们不相信他的原因。
[知识拓展]　It/This/That is because＋原因
这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句)
It/This/That is why＋结果
这/那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The reason ________ the author offered a lift to the elderly man was ________ she wanted to repay the favour she once got.
②I must have told it well, but I think there was another deeper reason ________ made them so keen audience.
③Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is ________ what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
④He was late for class. It was ________ he got up too late this morning.
⑤He got up too late this morning. That's ________ he was late for work.
why
that　
that　
why
because
why
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Millions of kangaroos have lost their homes as a result of this ________ (令人恐惧的)disaster.
2．Most information was collected by direct ___________(观察)of the whales' behaviour.
3．We will be demanding an ________ (相同的)policy at work.
4．It is difficult to assess the full ________ (程度) of the damage.
5．You can download the ________ (文件) and edit it on your word processor.
6．Children should be brought into contact with lectures on ________ (诗歌) at an early age.
horrible
observation
equal
extent
file
poetry
7．This is a ________ (神秘事物) that many people have attempted to think about.
8．He would never ________ (使害怕) anyone or cause them any harm.
9．His boat was hit by a horrible ________ (海浪) and turned over.
10．As a child he would often ________ (逃避) into an imaginary dreamworld of his own.
11．The wildlife that is most suited to the environment will be those that will ________ (幸存).
12．Millions of swans ________ (浮动) by and it was an amazing landscape.
mystery　
frighten
wave　
escape
survive
floated
Ⅱ.短语填空
less than, go over, in the end, all at once, fall into
1．We can all benefit by acknowledging that we can ________ this trap.
2．He tried all types of jobs and _________ became an accountant.
3．The bomb must explode within _________ a millionth of a second.
4．She wanted to laugh and weep ________．
5．He would _______ his work again and again until he obviously felt he had it right.
fall into
in the end
less than
all at once
go over
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．She only knew that people were ill and that she heard mysterious and ________ (frighten) sounds.
2．Steve is intensely curious ________ the world that is full of mysteries.
3．The increase of energy will even make you more ________ (will) to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
4．Scientists can now pick ________ early signs of the disaster.
5．Too many species of sharks are competing for ________ (survive).
6．He threatened the foxes with a gun and frightened them ________．
frightening
about
willing
up
survival
off
B
1．I'm not sure who is ________ (frightened), me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
2．Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right ________ (direct) .
3．Filled with ________ (curious) , the artist packed his bags and left.
1．答案与解析：more frightened　根据后面的me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)可知，两者作比较，应用比较级。
2．答案与解析：direction　作介词in的宾语，用名词形式。句意：这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。
3．答案与解析：curiosity　用名词作介词的宾语。句意：这位艺术家满怀好奇，收拾好行囊离开了。
4．Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.
5．There are over 58，000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall ________ onto the earth.
6．On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour ________ (drive) to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
4．答案与解析：equally　此处用副词equally修饰形容词important。句意：学会处理社交界也同样重要。
5．答案与解析：down　fall down onto意为“掉落到……上”。
6．答案与解析：to drive　it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
7．He was attracted by its beauty ________ moment he looked into space.
8．The thief tries ________ (escape). And the officer can't let him get away.
9．Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows，the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest ________ (survive) traditional theatre.
7．答案与解析：the　the moment名词短语用作连词。句意：他一看到太空就被它的美丽吸引。
8．答案与解析：to escape　try to do sth.意为“试图做某事，尽力做某事”。句意：这个小偷试图逃跑，警察不能让他跑掉。
9．答案与解析：surviving　现在分词作定语，修饰theatre。句意：新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院，展示了伦敦西区最好的演出和英国精选的巡回演出。
10．An unpleasant smell ________ (float) into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu (臭豆腐) settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.
11．It's a sort of ________ (observe) that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架)...
12．Her husband worked two jobs ________ (cover) the bills, and her 68 year old mother helped take care of the children at times.
10．答案与解析：floated　根据后面的settled可知，此处用过去式。
11．答案与解析：observatory　介词后面接动词要用其名词。句意：它是一种观测台，按照河流自身的时间框架揭示了河流的“行为”……。
12．答案与解析：to cover　用不定式作目的状语。句意：她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单，而她68岁的母亲有时也会帮忙照顾孩子。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．探险家一到我就想见到他。
I want to see the explorer __________ he arrives.
2．她看上去好像是忘了如何呼吸，因为她很紧张。
It looked ______ she had forgotten _______ breathe because she was very nervous.
3．通过这个应用程序，大量的信息可以以极快的速度被收集。
A lot of information can be collected ____________ through the app.
4．她花了三天时间观察鹿的行为。
_______ her three days ____ observe the deer's behaviour.
the moment
as if
how to
at great speed
It took
to
5．到了某个点，你承受的压力越大，你的表现越好。
Up to a certain point, ____________ you are under, ________ your performance will be.
6．每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
_____________ the injection needs repeating every year ______the virus often changes.
7．马克为什么要离开，大家都感到好奇，因为大家都关心他的健康。
Everyone was ___________ why Mark was leaving because everyone was concerned with his health.
the more stress
the better
The reason why
is that
curious about
8．我希望他能应付这一创造性的挑战。
I hope that he is ________ the creative challenge.
9．孩子们在海浪中嬉戏，是一道美丽的风景。
Children were playing ___________， which was a beautiful landscape.
10．他站在悬崖边上，对他妻子的大喊置之不理。
He stood ____________ the cliff, turning his back on his wife's shout.
equal to
in the waves
on the edge ofSection B　Lesson 1　A Sea Story
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ vi. & vt. 逃离；逃避
n. 逃跑；逃脱
2．____________ vi. 浮；漂
3．____________ n. 灵魂
4．____________ n. 边缘
5．____________ n. 桶
6．____________ n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
7．____________ n. 海浪；波涛
8．____________ n. 下降，下落
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．mystery n．神秘的事物，难以理解的事物→________ adj.神秘的
2．fright n．惊吓；恐怖→________ vt.使惊吓；使惊恐→________ adj.受惊的，害怕的→________ adj.骇人的
3．horror n．震惊；恐惧→________ n．可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→________ adv.可怕地
4．survive vi. & vt.活下来；幸存→________ n．幸存者→________ n．幸存
5．tide n．潮汐；潮水→________ adj.潮汐的，潮水的
6．poem n．诗→________ n．诗人→________ n．诗歌；作诗的艺术
7．curious adj.好奇的→________ n．好奇心
8．observe v．观察→________ n．观察；观察结果
9．equal adj.相等的；相同的→________ adv.平等地；同样地
10．descent n．下降，下落→________ v．下来，降临→________ n．后代；后裔；子孙
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．survive a storm　　________________
2．be introduced into ________________
3．(be) known for ________________
4．mystery tales ________________
5．less than ________________
6．in the direction of ________________
7．at that moment ________________
8．on the edge of ________________
9．move towards ________________
10．in the end ________________
11．pick up ________________
12．be unable to recognise sb. ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 冒险做某事
2．________________ 突然，刹那间
3．________________ 被……覆盖
4．________________ 掉入；陷入
5．________________ 把某人的嘴靠近/凑
到……
6．________________ 以极快的速度
7．________________ 降落，落下
8．________________ 把自己绑到……上
9．________________ 做出正确的决定
10．________________ ……之后不久
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What's the text mainly about
A.An amazing rescue.
B.A horrible storm.
C.A horrible experience in my life.
D.A brave fisherman.
2．What happened to us on the way back home from the sea
A.A terrible storm happened.
B.Our boat was out of order.
C.A shark attacked our boat.
D.Our boat was pulled in the centre of a whirlpool.
3．How did I feel when my elder brother cried out“Moskoe strom”？
A.Excited. B．Disappointed.
C.Delighted. D．Frightened.
4．How did I save myself
A.By holding a barrel.
B.By tying myself to a barrel.
C.By staying with my elder brother.
D.By jumping into the water.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
One day about three years ago, my two brothers and I were returning from the islands with lots of fish 1.________ a terrible storm occurred. Our boat was covered with a huge wave and my younger brother 2.________ (fall) into the sea. My elder brother cried out “Moskoe strom！”. The moment I heard the word I became very 3.________ (frighten).
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the 4.________ (horror) edge of the whirlpool. 5.________ (strange), when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But with time 6.________ (pass), I was still safe. The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles 7.________ great speed. After observing carefully, I thought of a way. I tied 8.________ (I) to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, 9.________ he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
Some time after I left the boat, it, together with my brother, 10.________ (pull) into the bottom of the whirlpool. I was picked up by a boat. The fishermen couldn't believe my story.
[词汇注释]
①something terrible
可怕的事情
②soul/s l/n.灵魂
③less than少于
④from black to white
从黑到白
⑤risk doing sth.
冒险做某事
⑥all at once (＝suddenly＝all of a sudden)突然，刹那间
⑦be covered with
被……覆盖
⑧wave/we v/n.海浪；波涛
⑨fall into掉入；陷入
⑩put one's mouth close to某人把嘴靠近/凑到……
cry out大声喊出
frightened/'fra tnd/adj.受惊的，害怕的
well enough很，相当(此处副词词组作状语，修饰knew)
in the direction of
朝……方向
horrible/'h r b l/adj.
可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
edge/ed /n.边缘
※near to the edge of
靠近……的边缘
whirlpool/'w lpu l/n.漩涡
at that moment在那一刻
on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
move towards朝……移动
(21) in such a way
以这样一种方式
(22)moment after moment一分一秒地；一刻又一刻地
(23)at great speed以极快的速度
(24)*barrel/'b r l/n.桶
(25)curious/'kj ri s/adj.
好奇的
※become curious about变得对……好奇
(26)observation/ bz 've n/n.观察；观察结果
※observe v．观察；观测
(27)equal/'i kw l/adj.相等的；相同的
※equally adv.平等地
equality n．平等；均等
(28)extent/ k'stent/n.面积；长度；范围；程度
※of equal extent
同等长度的
(29)shaped like形状像……的
(30)tube/tju b/n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
(31)fall down降落，落下
(32)tie oneself to
把自己绑到……上
(33)*float/fl t/vi.浮漂
(34)without doing...
没有做……
(35)escape/ 'ske p/vi. 逃跑；逃离
※escape from
从……逃跑
(36)soon after……之后不久
(37)less wild不那么疯狂
(38)in the end最后
(39)pick sb. up把某人救起
(40)be unable to do sth.
没能做某事
(41)expect sb. to do sth.
期望某人做某事
[教材原文]
About three years ago, something terrible① happened to me. That__was__the__day__when__it__took__only__six__hours__to__break__my__body__and__soul②．[1] You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than③ a single day to change my hair from black to white④.
One day, my__two__brothers__and__I__were__coming__back__from__the__islands__where__we__often__risked__going⑤__and__got__more__fish__than__others. [2]All at once⑥， the sky was covered with⑦ dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave⑧ covered our boat and my younger brother fell into⑨ the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to⑩ my ear and cried out “Moskoe－strom！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened . I knew what he meant by that one word well enough .
[1]句中when引导定语从句，修饰the day。从句中含有it takes/took some time to do sth.句式，其中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。
[2]句中where引导限制性定语从句，修饰the islands。
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I__felt__sick,____as__if__I__was__falling__from__a__mountain__top__in__a__dream．[3] We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool . It may appear strange, but at that moment ， when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way21, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment22 passed, and I was still safe.
[3]as if (＝as though)引导方式状语从句。此处作者把在风浪中恶心的感觉与睡梦中从山顶掉落的那种眩晕感作比较。
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed23. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels24. After a while, I became curious25 about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations26. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal27 extent28, round objects fell down more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like29 a tube30 fell down31 more slowly. So I tied myself to32 a barrel to help me float33. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting34, I jumped into the sea to try and escape35.
As__you__can__see,____the__reason__why__I'm__here__to__tell__the__story__is__that__I__made__the__right__decision．[4] Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after36 that, the whirlpool became less wild37. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I__was__still__tied__to__the__barrel__and__the__waves__soon__carried__me__to__an__area__where__the__other__fishermen__were[5]. In the end38, a boat picked me up39. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to40 recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to41 believe me any more than the fishermen did.
[4]此句是复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中作see的宾语，指代后面整个主句内容；why引导定语从句，修饰the reason; that引导表语从句。The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
Sb./Sth. is here to do sth.某人/某物的职责/用途就是做某事。
We're here to serve you.我们的职责就是为你服务。
[5]句中where引导定语从句，修饰an area，关系副词where在从句中作表语。
[汉语译文]
大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。你以为我是个很老的人，但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼，返回途中，突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。我们的船被巨浪淹没了，我弟弟掉进了海里，我哥哥把嘴贴在我耳朵上，大喊：“Moskoe风暴！”一听到这个词，我恐惧至极，就听到这一个词我就明白他的意思了。
伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们非常无助。没有什么能救我们。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们在漩涡边缘的时候，我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。我开始想，这样死去是多么令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命要结束了。但时间一分一秒地过去，我仍然是安全的。
船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。我清楚地看到在漩涡里还有其他东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我有三个重要的观察结果。第一，物体越大，下沉越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更快；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，管状物体落得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助我漂浮。我尽力让我哥哥也明白，但他太害怕了，留在了那条沉重的船上。我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。没多久，漩涡就变得不那么疯狂了。然后天空放晴，风平静了下来，月亮在闪闪发光。我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个有其他渔夫的地方。最后，一条船(上的人)把我救了起来。我疲惫至极。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们已经认不出我了。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们并不相信。现在故事讲完了，我并不指望你能比那些渔夫更相信我。
第一版块|核心单词
1)wave n．海浪；波涛；(头发)卷曲；波　v．挥动；飘动)
(1)n.海浪；波涛；(头发)卷曲；波
a wave of 一波……
a heat wave 一波热浪
a huge wave 一个巨浪
(2)v.挥动；飘动
wave to 向……挥手(强调动作)
wave at 向……挥手(强调状态)
wave sb. goodbye/ wave goodbye to sb.
向某人挥手道别
The waves rose and fell on the shore.海浪在岸边时起时伏。
She has a natural wave in her hair.她的头发自然卷曲。
The two sets of waves cancel each other out.
这两组波浪相互抵消。
A wave of panic spread through the crowd.一阵恐慌传遍人群。
All around me I saw tall trees waving in the wind.
我看见周围的高树随风飘动。
We waved to him but there was no response.
我们向他挥手，但是没有回应。
My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.
我的出租车司机只是微笑着向那个人挥手。
When the last class was over, we all rushed out of the classroom to wave our teacher goodbye.
最后一节课结束时，我们都冲出教室，向老师挥手告别。
[拓展]　wave one's hand挥手
wave sb. of挥手送别某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The captain stuck his head out of window and waved ________ his father and his wife.
②My mother was crying as I waved goodbye ________ her.
③Next time you wave ________ me, use more than one finger, please!
④The president ________ (wave) at the crowd from the steps of the plane.
⑤It's partly that his writings rode ________ wave of social, political and scientific progress.
写出句中wave的词性及含义
⑥That flag is still waving in the upper site of that sinking boat.________
⑦Bill waved his hand to us and then drove away.________
2)escape vi. & vt.逃离；逃避；被忘掉，被忽视　n．逃跑；逃避；泄露)
(1)vi. & vt.逃离；逃避；被忘掉，被忽视
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意，被某人忽视
escape punishment＝escape being punished
逃避惩罚/没有被惩罚
escape from prison 从监狱里逃跑
escape death 死里逃生
escape to 逃至……
escape from 从……逃离
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做……
narrowly escape 九死一生/勉强逃过
(2)n.逃跑；逃避；泄露
a narrow/lucky escape 死里逃生/幸运逃脱
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
You were lucky to escape punishment.
你逃避了惩罚，真幸运。
They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out.战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。
His name has quite escaped from my memory.
我完全不记得他的名字了。
The bird was lucky to escape being caught.
那只鸟很幸运，没有被抓住。
He narrowly escaped in the air crash.
他险些在飞机失事中遇难。
A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐的暂时解脱可以让她免受老板的差遣。
He listens to music as an escape from the pressure of work.他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力。
[注意]
句式sth. escapes sb.某人把某事给忘了/某事没有被某人注意到
escape作“被……忘记，没有被……注意到”讲时，用Sth. escapes sb.结构。
如：Her address escaped me.我把她的地址忘了。
the name/date/title escapes sb.某人记不起某个名字/日期/名称
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I found no method of escaping ________ pain and suffering.
②They are reported to have escaped ________ the other side of the border.
③He narrowly escaped ________ (hurt) in the accident.
④The explosion was caused by ________ escape of gas.
⑤There is no way to escape ________ (do) the work.
⑥He had ________ narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.
完成句子
⑦To my surprise, he could ________________ (从……逃离) that big fire.
⑧We luckily ________________ (没有感冒) this winter.
⑨That was ________________ (死里逃生) all right, when our car turned over！
3)survive vi. & vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长)
(教材原句)to survive a storm在风暴中活下来
survive on 靠……生存
survive from... 从……沿袭/保存下来
survive the attack/earthquake 在袭击/地震中幸免于难
survive the crisis 渡过危机
survive sb. by...year(s) 比某人多活……年
It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.很难说这是一种很好的生存方式。
Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.
西安城墙是中国悠久历史中保存最完整的城墙。
They can survive on very little money.
他们用很少的钱就可以生存。
His elder brother survived him by ten years.
他哥哥比他多活了十年。
[拓展]　survival n．生存；幸存；残存物
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.在地震中幸存下来之后，这位老人成了这个家庭中少数幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is one of the greatest books to survive ________ the ancient world.
②How does the family survive ________ such a small monthly wage
③Mr. Tanner ________ (survive) by his wife and two children.
④There was only one ________ (survive) of the plane crash.
⑤Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; ________ (survive) is never certain.
完成句子
⑥Some strange customs____________________ (从……沿袭下来) earlier times.
⑦We cannot ________________ (活不了多久) without food and drink.
4)poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术；诗意(→poem n．诗歌韵文 poet n．诗人))
(教材原句)Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849) was an American writer, best known for his poetry and short stories...
埃德加·爱伦·坡(1809—1849)，美国作家，以诗歌和短篇小说著称……
poetry reading 诗歌朗诵
poetry contest 诗歌比赛
a poetry magazine 诗歌杂志
Tang poetry 唐诗
epic/lyric/pastoral poetry 史诗/抒情诗/田园诗
I spent all my spare time reading poetry.
我所有的业余时间都用在诗歌阅读上。
The dancer has poetry in her movements.
那舞蹈演员的动作颇有诗意。
The poem humorously describes local characters and traditions.那首诗幽默地描述了当地的人物和传统。
The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of a Chinese poet.端午节是为了纪念中国的一位诗人。
[特别提醒]　poetry是“诗歌”的总称，而poem是指具体的诗。表示“总称”的名词通常是不可数名词，如poetry, scenery, machinery (机械), jewelry (珠宝), furniture, luggage, rubbish, clothing等。
[联想]　常见的英语诗歌形式：
ballad 叙事诗
lyric 抒情诗
epic 史诗
list poem 清单诗
sonnet 十四行诗
limerick 五行打油诗
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Poetry always ________ (lose) something in translation.
②His ________ (poem) was slow in achieving recognition.
③Keats is one of the greatest Romantic ________ (poet).
④A change of ________ (scene) might do you good.
⑤This box will have to serve for a table until the furniture ________ (arrive).
5)soul n．灵魂；心灵；精神；人)
(教材原句)That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
heart and soul 全心全意地，尽全力地
put heart and soul into 全心全意地投入到……中
a poor/good/cheerful soul 可怜的/好/快乐的人
immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭
A dancer must throw herself heart and soul into every performance.舞蹈演员对每一场演出都必须尽心尽力。
She is putting her heart and soul into the job.
她全心全意地做她的工作。
Knowledge is the food of the soul.知识是精神食粮。
I felt pity for the poor soul. I went in and came out with an old towel.
我同情这个可怜的人。我进去，出来时拿着一条旧毛巾。,[语境助记]
Do you believe in the immortality of the soul？你相信灵魂不灭吗？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It may look like a simple task, but you have to put your heart and soul ________ it.
②Jane plays tennis badly, but ________ heart and soul.
完成句子
③They threw themselves __________________ (全心全意地) into the project.
④He ____________________ (把精力全部贯注在……)the work.
6)frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的)
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
be frightened that... 害怕……
be frightened to death 被吓死，怕得要命
frighten sb. into (doing) sth. 恐吓某人(做)某事
frighten...away/off 把……吓走/吓跑
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
Liza was so frightened that she couldn't make a sound.
莉莎吓得发不出声音来。
She is frightened to ride a bike at night alone.
她害怕晚上一个人骑自行车。
The little girl was frightened that her mother would not come back.这位小女孩害怕她妈妈不回来。
His wife is frightened to death when she has to travel by air.他的妻子不得不坐飞机旅行时怕得要命。
You'll find that I don't frighten easily.
你会发现我不是轻易就会害怕的。
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
当我和大猩猩吓到彼此时，我很高兴它们还活着。
The boy frightened away the pigeons from the roof.
那男孩把屋顶上的鸽子吓飞了。
[拓展]
It is frightening to do sth.做某事令人害怕
a frightening experience一次可怕的经历
in fright惊恐地
[语境助记]
A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.突然停下来可能是非常可怕的经历，特别是当你在高速行进时。
He cried out in fright as the dark figure approached.那个黑影向他逼近，他吓得叫了出来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They were frightened ________ death by the accident.
②They frightened him ________ telling them the secret.
③From time to time his sharp cough broke the rather ________ (frighten) stillness.
④He had tried to coax the dog to him but, ________ (frighten), it had run off.
⑤He waved his torch to ________ (fright) away the wolf.
⑥The child turned and ran ________ fright from the fierce looking dog.
⑦The burglars ________ (frighten) off by the sound of our dog barking.
完成句子
⑧He ____________________ (恐吓那位老人给他) all the money.
⑨Some people ____________________ (害怕) thunder, and others of snake.
⑩She ____________________ (害怕往下看) from the top of the tall building.
7)horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的(→horribly adv.可怕地；恐怖地；极其))
(教材原句)We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。
a horrible smell 极难闻的气味
a horrible dream 噩梦
horrible weather 糟透了的天气
have a horrible feeling 有一种很不好的感觉
horrible dress 难看的衣服
a horrible sight 可怕的景象
a horrible crime 令人发指的罪行
His death was a horrible blow to me.
他的死对我来说是个可怕的打击。
The sight of the battlefield was horrible.
战场的情景令人毛骨悚然。
The man began to scream horribly.
那个人开始可怕地尖叫起来。
The toilets in that restaurant were horribly smelly.
那个餐馆的卫生间气味极其难闻。
To his horror, the bus caught fire.
使他惊恐的是，公共汽车着火了。
At the sight of the snake, he drew back in horror.
一瞧见那蛇，他便吓得缩了回来。
[易混比较]　
[名]horror—[形]horrible—[动]horrify
[名]terror—[形]terrible—[动]terrify
horror n．震惊，恐惧，令人恐怖的事。强调“令人毛骨悚然”。
terror n．恐怖，恐怖行动，可怕的事。强调“令人感到危险”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I have a ________ (horror) feeling that we're going to miss the plane.
②Her face was still ________ (horrible) swollen.
③The captain realised ________ his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly.
④She looked ________ horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.
完成句子
⑤People watched ____________ (惊恐地)as the plane crashed to the ground.
⑥听到这个坏消息我十分震惊。
________________________________________________________________________
8)edge n．边缘；优势)
on the edge of 在……的边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
at the edge of 在……的边缘
lose the edge 失去优势
on edge 紧张不安；急切
on the edge of one's seat 极为激动
have the edge on/over 略微胜过，比……稍强
Look out! You could fall off the edge here!
小心！你会从这边缘掉下去的！
We all know some species are on the edge of dying out.
我们都知道一些物种正处于灭绝的边缘。
They have lost the edge.他们已经失去了优势。
Having heard from his parents' letter, the boy was on the edge of his seat.收到他父母的来信，那个男孩极为激动。
She was always on edge before an interview.
她在面试前总是紧张不安。
[易混比较]　at the edge of不特指在物体的表面的边缘，on the edge of指在物体的表面的边缘。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The wolves have been howling away ________ the edge of the forest for hours.
②This long wait for news of my son's whereabouts has set my nerves ________ edge.
③Kay sat ________ the edge of the bed to pull on her stockings.
④In this aspect, I think paper bags have the edge ________ plastic bags.
9)curious adj.好奇的；奇特的　curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n. 好奇心)
(教材原句)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
be curious about 对……好奇
become curious about 变得对……好奇
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
It is/was curious that... 奇怪的是……
I caught a curious sound in the neighbouring room.
我听到隔壁房间里有奇怪的响声。
She was curious about how the experts did it.
她很好奇专家们是怎么做到的。
We were curious to know where she'd gone.
我们好奇地想知道她到哪里去了。
It is curious that no one (should) have noticed his presence.奇怪的是没有人注意到他在场。
Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.莉兹捡起那个蓝色的信封，好奇地把它翻过来。
The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.
大厅里的人似乎很爱管闲事，好奇地盯着我看。
[拓展]
satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth.有做某事的好奇心
show curiosity about对……显示出好奇
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't be too curious ________ things you are not supposed to know.
②The salesgirl in the shop looked at them ________ (curious).
③We went to the show out of ________ (curious) more than anything else.
④She opened her eyes and looked up at me ________ curiosity and hopefulness.
⑤I was curious ________ (find) out what she had said.
完成句子
⑥____________________ (奇怪的是) she didn't tell anyone about it.
⑦The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it ____________________ (出于好奇).
10)observation n．观察；观察结果)
(教材原句)I then made three important observations.
然后我有三个重要的发现。
under observation 在观察中；在监视之下；受到监视
keep...under observation 观察……
observation point 观察点
In hospital she'll be under observation all the time.
在医院里，她会一直接受观察。
The doctor decided to keep him under observation for another week.医生决定再观察他一周。
observe vt. 观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝
observe carefully/closely 仔细地/密切地观察
observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
observe sb. do sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe the law 遵守法律
He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars.他做了个望远镜，用其可以观察星星。
Have you observed anything strange in her words
你注意到她的话里有什么奇怪的地方吗？
All citizens should observe traffic rules.
所有公民都应遵守交通规则。
It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝春节是这里的人的传统。
[特别提醒]　observe sb. do sth.变为被动语态时，不定式要加上to。
He was observed to follow her closely.有人注意到他紧跟着她。
感官动词observe, see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to等后用现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行，用不带to的不定式作宾补强调动作的整个过程。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He will be ________ observation for a period of time.
②The astronomers were taking an ________ (observe) of Jupiter.
③The patient is seriously ill and is being kept ________ continuous observation.
写出句中observe的含义
④We are going to hold a party for Grandpa this weekend to observe his 70th birthday.________
⑤We cannot always observe the traditions handed down to us from the past.________
⑥Students observed the stars at night.________
11)equal adj.相等的；相同的 vt.比得上；等于n.同辈；平等；(同等的)人或事物[→equally adv.平等地；同等(重要)地equality n．平等；相等])
(教材原句)．..the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly.第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更快。
be equal to 与……相等；平等；胜任
(equal adj.)(to是介词，后接名词或动名词)
be equal in 在……方面相等(equal adj.)
be equal in size/length 大小/长度相等
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌(equal n．)
on equal terms (with sb.) (与某人)地位平等
be equalled (only) by sth. (只有)某事物才能匹敌
Women demand equal pay for equal work.
妇女要求同工同酬。
Twenty five added to ten is equal to thirty five.
25加10等于35.
The new manager is not equal to the task, as it were.
新经理对这项工作可以说是不能胜任的。
All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前人人平等。
They are my equals in age.我和他们是同龄人。
They are fighting for the equality between women and men.她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
[语境助记]
Nobody can equal him in intelligence.
没有人在智力方面能比得上他。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Bill is quite equal ________ running the office.
②All these techniques are ________ (equal) effective.
③All men are not equal ________ ability.
④He is a basketball player ________ equal in the team.
⑤One horse is not equal to ________ (pull) the heavy cart.
写出句中equal的词性及含义
⑥All countries, big and small, should be equal.________
⑦Simon is younger but he equals his brother in all sports.________
⑧Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.________
12)extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度)
in extent 就面积/长度而言
to some extent＝to a certain extent/to an extent
在某种程度上
to a great/large extent 在很大程度上
to such an extent that (＝so much that)
达到如此程度以至于……
to the extent that 达到……程度
to the extent of 到……程度
From the moon you can see the full extent of the Sahara Desert.从月球上你能看到撒哈拉沙漠的全貌。
He was amazed at the extent of the old man's knowledge.
他对这位老人知识的渊博程度感到惊奇。
The playground covers over an acre in extent.
操场的面积超过一英亩。
Perhaps the last remark was true, to an extent.
也许最后一句话在一定程度上是真的。
To a great extent you are right.你在很大程度上是对的。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.
读书当然是学习，然而运用在更大程度上也是学习。
[同义表达]
to some extent＝to some degree
在某种程度上
to some extent＝in a/some/one way
在某种程度上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ some extent what she argues is true.
②In ________ way good service sells our products.
③We are building a new racing track ten miles ________ extent.
写出句中extent的含义
④When the smoke blew away, we could see the extent of the damage.________
⑤The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.________
⑥The open ground was several acres in extent.________
第二版块|重要短语
1)be covered with/by被……覆盖)
(教材原句)The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.通往道森的路上覆盖着30英尺厚的湿雪，雪可能会在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌。
cover...with... 用……覆盖……
cover one's face with one's hands 双手掩面
cover an area of 占地……
cover the cost of 足够支付……的费用
a course covering business law 一门包括商法的课程
cover 90 miles in three days 三天走90英里
The lecture is very interesting and covers much useful information we need.
这个讲座很有趣，并且包含很多我们需要的信息。
Mother covered the baby with a blanket.
母亲用毛毯将婴儿包起来。
Will 100 yuan cover the bill？一百元够付账单吗？
[拓展]
cover vt.覆盖；包含；足够支付；行走；占
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The top of the mountain is ________ (cover) with snow.
②Being ill in bed, my old grandpa is covered ________ a quilt.
③He covered the hole ________ a large piece of cloth so as not to be found by the dog.
2)fall into掉进/陷入……；可以分成……)
(教材原句)Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, David fell into despair.没有朋友和金钱，戴维孤身一人在一个陌生的城市陷入绝望。
fall into the sea/river 掉进海/河里
fall into the hands of sb. 落入某人的手中
fall into three parts 可以分成三个部分
fall apart 破裂；破碎
fall behind 落在……的后面；跟不上
fall down 倒下；不足，不够好
fall in love with sb. 爱上某人
The boy fell into a deep sleep.男孩睡熟了。
She fell for the artist.她倾心于这个艺术家。
We must not fall for the nonsense.
我们决不能听信这种胡说。
[拓展]
fall off数量减少
fall for爱上；迷恋；上当/受(某人)欺骗
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The child fell ________ the lake and had to be pulled out.
②He fell ________ in the race and had to make more effort to catch up.
③She fell ________ dancing and always went to the ball in her spare time.
④Let's look at the text and it falls ________ three parts.
⑤The soldier would rather die than fall into the hands ________ the enemy.
⑥We used to be good friends, but fell ________ about a year ago.
3)in the direction of朝……方向)
(教材原句)They were walking in the direction of the sea.
他们正在朝着大海的方向走去。
from the direction of 从……方向
in the opposite direction 朝反方向
in all directions＝in every direction 四面八方
ask directions 问路
a sense of direction 方向感
under the direction of sb. 在某人的指导下
Some riders of ebikes and bicycles come and go in all directions, ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
一些骑电动车和自行车的人从四面八方来来往往，无视交通信号灯和其他车辆。
All work was produced by the students under the direction of John Williams.
所有作品都是在约翰·威廉斯的指导下由学生创作完成的。
[误区警示]　这辆汽车朝北方开去。
The car ran to the direction of the north.(×)
The car ran in the direction of the north.(√),[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He has a good sense ________ direction.
②I asked her ________ directions ________ the mall.
③Soldiers must follow ________ (direction).
④She practiced the piano ________ the direction ________ her instructor.
⑤Please read the ________ (direction) before using the machine.
完成句子
⑥很多人突然朝邮局的方向去了。
Many people went off __________________________ the post office all at once.
⑦The enemy soldiers escaped ____________________ (四面八方)
4)in the end最后；终于)
by the end of 到……末为止
at the end of 在……末尾；在……的尽头
on end 连续地；直立着，竖着
come to an end 结束；告终；收场
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
put an end to sth. 中止/结束某事
Their marriage came to a tragic end.
他们的婚姻以悲剧收场。
My daughter will come back home at the end of the year.
我女儿将在年底回家来。
I will have finished writing the novel by the end of June.
到六月末我就会写完这部小说了。
He put an end to their conflict.他结束了他们的冲突。
The wolf made her hair stand on end.狼使她毛骨悚然。
The accountant tried his best to make (both) ends meet.
会计尽最大努力使收支平衡。
He is at the end of his resources.他已经到了山穷水尽的地步。,[比较]　in the end/at an end
in the end“最终，终于”，常作状语；
at an end“终结，结束”，常作表语。
We are sure that you will succeed in the end．我们保证你最终会成功的。
When our day's work was at an end, we hastened there.当天工作一结束，我们就急忙赶到那里。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What did you decide ________ the end
②The meeting came to ________ end three hours later.
③All bad effects were ________ an end, and they studied together happily.
④It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end ________ the day feeling a little misunderstood.
5)pick up营救；搭救)
(教材原句)Henry was picked up by a Chinese ship.
亨利被一艘中国船只救了。
pick up sb. 营救某人
pick up的其他含义
·捡起；接电话
pick up a coin 捡起一枚硬币
pick up the phone 接起电话
·开车接
pick you up at the airport 开车去机场接你
·接收(信号等)
pick up a signal 接收信号
·好转；增强
Things began to pick up. 情况开始有所好转。
The wind is picking up now. 现在风愈刮愈大了。
·(偶然)学会，得到
pick up bad habits 染上坏习惯
pick up some French 学会一些法语
[联想]　pick out精心挑选；辨认出
[特别提醒]　pick up是“动词＋副词”型短语，人称代词作宾语时，要放在pick与up中间。
[即学即练]　根据上下文，判断各句中pick up的汉语意思
①Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self driving minibus.________
②It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.________
③Only after she took charge of the company did its business pick up.________
④The wind picked up and thunder rolled.________
完成句子
⑤如果你碰到从路过的汽车里扔出来的废纸，把它捡起来。
Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, ____________________．
第三版块|疑难句型
1)as if引导方式状语从句)
(教材原句)I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
He acted as if he hadn't heard any of it.
他表现得好像一点都没有听过这件事一样。
[句式分析]　
(1)as if引导方式状语从句时的语气
as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句谓语构成如下：
与现在事实不符 过去式(be用were)
与过去事实不符 had done ( be用 had been)
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should＋be/do
You sound as if you didn't care.你听上去好像并不在乎。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
(2) look/seem/feel＋ as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.(虚拟语气)她似乎又回到了她的童年时代。
She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if (she was) to thank him for it.她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。
[学法点拨]　as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，从而构成“as if＋分词(短语)/不定式(短语)/形容词/介词短语”形式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Li Ming speaks English as if he ________ (be) an American.
②They looked as if they ________ (not care).
③He opened his lips as if ________ (say) something.
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤After the rain the corn shot up as if ________ magic.
⑥That boy walked into the meal as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.
完成句子
⑦He talked about Rome ____________________ (好像他以前去过似的).
⑧They treat me ____________________ (好像我是个陌生人).
⑨Lucy went into the room ____________________ (好像在寻找什么).
2)It takes/will take (sb.) some time to do sth.(某人)花费/将花费……时间做某事。)
Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.
某人在某事上花费……时间/金钱。
Sb. spend(s) some time (in)/money (on) doing sth.
某人花费……时间/金钱做某事。
Sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人花……钱买某物。
Sth. cost(s) sb. sth. 某物使某人失去……；某物花费某人……
It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time.
到市中心要花40分钟。乘出租车只要一半的时间。
It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.我从洗漱、换衣服、吃早饭、离家到坐上公共汽车用了不到15分钟的时间。
They spent more than an hour (in) decorating the whole house.他们花了一个多小时的时间装饰整座房子。
Decorating the whole house cost them more than an hour.装修整个房子花了他们一个多小时。
[误区警示]　(1)cost的主语不能是人，而spend与pay的主语只能是人，take的主语常为事物；
(2)pay与for搭配，而spend常与in或on搭配。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It took him a long time ________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
②Brian paid $1, 000 ________ his new air conditioner.
③The couch potato usually spends about sixteen hours ________ (watch) TV every day.
选词填空：take/spend/cost/pay
④The alarm clock ________ me five dollars.
⑤Think of how long it ________ to listen to one of those messages.
⑥She ________ 5，000 yuan for the fridge.
⑦Every day I ________ half an hour online talking with my penfriend about our stressful life.
3)the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)越……，就越……(前者表示条件，后者表示结果))
(教材原句)The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下落就越快……
The more you practise, the better you can understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。
The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.一个人越博学，他通常就变得越谦虚。
When spring comes, the weather gets warmer and warmer.当春天来临时，天气变得越来越暖和。
Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.当我们年纪越大，学习就变得越来越困难。
[拓展]
越来越……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
②The harder you study, ________ greater you'll be.
③The flames were growing higher ________ higher.
④As the evening wore on, she became more and more ________ (nerve).
4)the moment引导时间状语从句)
(教材原句)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.一听到这个司，我恐惧至极。
[句式分析]　the moment...意为“一……就……”，是名词短语，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。(＝as soon as)
He hid himself the moment he saw me.
他一看到我就躲藏起来。
As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.你一得到你需要的答案，就去找下一个人。
[归纳拓展]　下列名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句：
the minute/instant/second一……就……
the first/second time第一次/第二次
every/each time每次
(the) last/(the) next time上次/下次
I'll tell her the news the minute/instant/second she gets here.她一来我就会告诉她这个消息。
immediately/instantly也可引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
as soon as一……就……
[即学即练]　一句多译
雨一停我就出去。
①I'll go out ________ it stops raining.
②I'll go out ________ it stops raining.
③I'll go out ________________________ it stops raining.
完成句子
④我第一次去那里的时候，他们和狗、鸭子以及其他动物住在一个小房子里。
____________________ I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
⑤每次我来到赛道，我都觉得我离开了这个地方。
________________ I come to the track, I feel like I'm out of this place.
5)with复合结构)
(教材原句)Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool.
在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a tree.
由于很累，吉姆背靠着一棵树睡得很熟。
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。
[学法点拨]　with复合结构构成为“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随状况等，也可在句中作定语。
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词(短语)
With the window open, my daughter fell asleep on the sofa.开着窗，我女儿在沙发上睡着了。
(2)with＋宾语＋副词(短语)
With his son away from home, he was worried.
儿子离开家，他很担心。
(3)with＋宾语＋现在分词(短语)(表示主动或正在进行)
With spring coming, trees turn green.春天来了，树变绿了。
(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)(表示被动或完成)
With his work finished, he went home earlier than usual.
工作结束后，他比平常早回家了。
(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(短语)(表示尚未发生)
With lots of work to do，I don't know if I will have time to go out.有很多工作要做，我不知道是否有时间出去。
(6) with＋宾语＋介词短语
With a smile on her face, she waved at her friends at the airport.在机场，她面带微笑向她的朋友挥手。,[误区警示]　with复合结构中，宾补为形容词、副词和介词短语时，通常表示宾语的特征、性质等；宾补为现在分词时，表示宾语与宾补之间为主动关系；宾补为过去分词时，表示宾语与宾补之间为被动关系；宾补为动词不定式时，往往表示动作还没有发生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her feet ________ (wound) so much.
②With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.
③The manager came in with his assistant ________ (follow) him.
④A young lady came up to me ________ some literature books in her hand.
⑤The old man walked in with a stick ________ his hand.
用with复合结构完成句子
⑥____________________ (有很多事情需要处理), I can't go on holiday.
⑦Do you know the lady ____________________ (怀里抱着一个婴儿)
⑧We completely solved the problem ____________________ (很多科学的方法被使用).
⑨____________________ (随着空气质量的改善), people's health is getting better day by day.
6)be doing...when正在做……，这时(突然)……(when是并列连词))
(教材原句)One day, he was out fishing with his two brothers when the sky suddenly clouded over...一天，他和他的两个兄弟正在外面捕鱼，这时突然天空乌云密布……
[句式分析]　此句中的when为并列连词，意为“这时”，表示它前后的句子是并列关系。这个句型表示“一个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生，打断了正在进行的动作。”再如：
They were making a plan about the project when the light went out.他们正在制订这个工程计划，突然灯灭了。
The artist was working on his painting when his friends came to visit him.这位艺术家正在画画，这时他的朋友来拜访他。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)when作并列连词，还用在下面结构中：
be about to do sth. when...刚要做某事突然……
The family were about to go out when the postman came.
这家人正要出去，这时邮递员来了。
be on the point of doing sth. when...刚要做某事突然……
She was on the point of getting the car started when the telephone rang.她正要发动汽车，这时电话铃响了。
had (just) done sth. when...刚做完某事就……
We had just arrived at home when it began to rain.
我们刚到家，这时就开始下雨了。
(2)when作从属连词，引导状语从句或名词性从句
It is much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.当你们有相似的兴趣时，交朋友会容易得多。
When we will go to Beijing hasn't been decided.
我们什么时候去北京还没有决定。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tom was sleeping soundly ________ he heard someone screaming.
②He ________ (walk) in the street when it rained cats and dogs.
③The ship was on the point of setting sail ________ it began to rain.
完成句子
④I ____________________________________________ (正要看电视，突然) the power was out.
⑤They ________________________________________ (正在海上看风景，突然) the ship began to sink.
⑥He __________________________________________ (刚吃完晚饭正要出去，这时) one of his best friends dropped in.
7)The reason why... is/was that……的原因是……)
(教材原句)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.如你所见，我能在这时讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
[句式分析]　该句式中，why引导定语从句，why相当于for which; that引导表语从句。
reason作先行词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或for which引导定语从句；如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用that或which引导定语从句。
the reason why he resigned＝the reason for which he resigned他辞职的原因
the reason that/which he told us他告诉我们的原因
The reason why/for which he was late for class today was that he met with a traffic accident on the road to school.
今天他上课迟到的原因是他在去学校的路上遇到了交通事故。
We don't believe him. It/This/That is because he is dishonest.我们不相信他。这是因为他不诚实。
He is dishonest. It/This/That is why we don't believe him.他不诚实。这是我们不相信他的原因。
[知识拓展]　It/This/That is because＋原因
这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句)
It/This/That is why＋结果
这/那就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The reason ________ the author offered a lift to the elderly man was ________ she wanted to repay the favour she once got.
②I must have told it well, but I think there was another deeper reason ________ made them so keen audience.
③Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is ________ what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
④He was late for class. It was ________ he got up too late this morning.
⑤He got up too late this morning. That's ________ he was late for work.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Millions of kangaroos have lost their homes as a result of this ________ (令人恐惧的)disaster.
2．Most information was collected by direct ________(观察)of the whales' behaviour.
3．We will be demanding an ________ (相同的)policy at work.
4．It is difficult to assess the full ________ (程度) of the damage.
5．You can download the ________ (文件) and edit it on your word processor.
6．Children should be brought into contact with lectures on ________ (诗歌) at an early age.
7．This is a ________ (神秘事物) that many people have attempted to think about.
8．He would never ________ (使害怕) anyone or cause them any harm.
9．His boat was hit by a horrible ________ (海浪) and turned over.
10．As a child he would often ________ (逃避) into an imaginary dreamworld of his own.
11．The wildlife that is most suited to the environment will be those that will ________ (幸存).
12．Millions of swans ________ (浮动) by and it was an amazing landscape.
Ⅱ.短语填空
less than, go over, in the end, all at once, fall into
1．We can all benefit by acknowledging that we can ____________ this trap.
2．He tried all types of jobs and ____________ became an accountant.
3．The bomb must explode within ______________ a millionth of a second.
4．She wanted to laugh and weep ________．
5．He would ____________ his work again and again until he obviously felt he had it right.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．She only knew that people were ill and that she heard mysterious and ________ (frighten) sounds.
2．Steve is intensely curious ________ the world that is full of mysteries.
3．The increase of energy will even make you more ________ (will) to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
4．Scientists can now pick ________ early signs of the disaster.
5．Too many species of sharks are competing for ________ (survive).
6．He threatened the foxes with a gun and frightened them ________．
B
1．I'm not sure who is ________ (frightened), me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
2．Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right ________ (direct) .
3．Filled with ________ (curious) , the artist packed his bags and left.
4．Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.
5．There are over 58，000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall ________ onto the earth.
6．On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour ________ (drive) to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
7．He was attracted by its beauty ________ moment he looked into space.
8．The thief tries ________ (escape). And the officer can't let him get away.
9．Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows，the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest ________ (survive) traditional theatre.
10．An unpleasant smell ________ (float) into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu (臭豆腐) settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.
11．It's a sort of ________ (observe) that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架)...
12．Her husband worked two jobs ________ (cover) the bills, and her 68 year old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．探险家一到我就想见到他。
I want to see the explorer ________________ he arrives.
2．她看上去好像是忘了如何呼吸，因为她很紧张。
It looked __________________ she had forgotten ________________ breathe because she was very nervous.
3．通过这个应用程序，大量的信息可以以极快的速度被收集。
A lot of information can be collected ______________________ through the app.
4．她花了三天时间观察鹿的行为。
________________ her three days ________ observe the deer's behaviour.
5．到了某个点，你承受的压力越大，你的表现越好。
Up to a certain point, ______________________ you are under, ________________ your performance will be.
6．每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
________________________ the injection needs repeating every year ________________ the virus often changes.
7．马克为什么要离开，大家都感到好奇，因为大家都关心他的健康。
Everyone was ________________ why Mark was leaving because everyone was concerned with his health.
8．我希望他能应付这一创造性的挑战。
I hope that he is ________________ the creative challenge.
9．孩子们在海浪中嬉戏，是一道美丽的风景。
Children were playing ________________， which was a beautiful landscape.
10．他站在悬崖边上，对他妻子的大喊置之不理。
He stood ________________________ the cliff, turning his back on his wife's shout.
Section B　Lesson 1　A Sea Story
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．escape　2.float　3.soul　4.edge　5.barrel　6.tube
7．wave　8.descent
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．mysterious　2.frighten; frightened; frightening
3．horrible; horribly　4.survivor; survival　5.tidal
6．poet; poetry　7.curiosity　8.observation　9.equally
10．descend; descendant
Ⅲ.重点短语
A
1．幸免于暴风雨　2.被引入　3.以……而闻名　4.神秘故事
5．少于　6.朝……方向　7.在那一刻　8.在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)　9.朝……移动　10.最后　11.营救；搭救　12.没能认出某人
B
1．risk doing sth.　2.all at once　3.be covered with　4.fall into　5.put one's mouth close to　6.at great speed　7.fall down　8.tie oneself to　9.make the right decision　10.soon after...
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．C　2.A　3.D　4.B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．when　2.fell　3.frightened　4.horrible　5.Strangely
6．passing　7.at　8.myself　9.but　10.was pulled
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①to/at　②to　③to/at　④waved　⑤a　⑥动词，飘动　⑦动词，挥动
2．①from　②to　③being hurt　④an　⑤doing　⑥a
⑦escape from　⑧escaped having any cold
⑨a narrow escape
3．①from　②on　③was survived　④survivor　⑤survival　⑥have survived from　⑦survive for long
4．①loses　②poetry　③poets　④scenery　⑤arrives
5．①into　②with　③heart and soul　④put his heart and soul into
6．①to　②into　③frightening　④frightened　⑤frighten　⑥in　⑦were frightened　⑧frightened the old man into giving him　⑨are frightened of　⑩was frightened to look down
7．①horrible　②horribly　③to　④in　⑤in horror　⑥I was filled with horror at the bad news.
8．①on　②on　③at/on　④on/over
9．①about　②curiously　③curiosity　④with　⑤to find
⑥It was curious that　⑦out of curiosity
10．①under　②observation　③under　④庆祝　⑤遵守
⑥观察
11．①to　②equally　③in　④without　⑤pulling　⑥形容词，平等的　⑦动词，比得上　⑧名词，同等的事物
12．①To　②a　③in　④程度　⑤长度　⑥面积
第二版块|重要短语
1．①covered　②with　③with
2．①into　②behind　③for　④into　⑤of　⑥apart
3．①of　②for; to　③directions　④under; of　⑤directions
⑥in the direction of　⑦in all directions/in every direction
4．①in　②an　③at　④of
5．①(用车去)接，取　②学会　③好转　④增强　⑤pick it up
第三版块|疑难句型
1．①were　②didn't care　③to say　④existed　⑤by
⑥hadn't seen　⑦as if he had been there before
⑧as if I were a stranger　⑨as if in search of something
2．①to acquire　②for　③watching　④cost(s)　⑤takes
⑥pays/paid　⑦spend
3．①The more　②the　③and　④nervous
4．①the moment/second/minute/instant　②immediately/instantly　③as soon as　④The first time　⑤Every time
5．①wounded　②to settle　③following　④with　⑤in
⑥With so many things to deal with　⑦with a baby in her arms　⑧with many scientific methods used　⑨With air quality getting better
6．①when　② was walking　③when　④was on the point of watching TV when/was about to watch TV when　⑤ were enjoying the scenery when　⑥ had just finished supper and was about to go out when
7．①why; that　②that　③why　④because　⑤why
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．horrible　2.observation　3.equal　4.extent　5.file
6．poetry　7.mystery　8.frighten　9.wave　10.escape
11．survive　12.floated
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．fall into　2.in the end　3.less than　4.all at once
5．go over
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．frightening　2.about　3.willing　4.up　5.survival　6.off
B
1．答案与解析：more frightened　根据后面的me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)可知，两者作比较，应用比较级。
2．答案与解析：direction　作介词in的宾语，用名词形式。句意：这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。
3．答案与解析：curiosity　用名词作介词的宾语。句意：这位艺术家满怀好奇，收拾好行囊离开了。
4．答案与解析：equally　此处用副词equally修饰形容词important。句意：学会处理社交界也同样重要。
5．答案与解析：down　fall down onto意为“掉落到……上”。
6．答案与解析：to drive　it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
7．答案与解析：the　the moment名词短语用作连词。句意：他一看到太空就被它的美丽吸引。
8．答案与解析：to escape　try to do sth.意为“试图做某事，尽力做某事”。句意：这个小偷试图逃跑，警察不能让他跑掉。
9．答案与解析：surviving　现在分词作定语，修饰theatre。句意：新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院，展示了伦敦西区最好的演出和英国精选的巡回演出。
10．答案与解析：floated　根据后面的settled可知，此处用过去式。
11．答案与解析：observatory　介词后面接动词要用其名词。句意：它是一种观测台，按照河流自身的时间框架揭示了河流的“行为”……。
12．答案与解析：to cover　用不定式作目的状语。句意：她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单，而她68岁的母亲有时也会帮忙照顾孩子。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．the moment　2.as if; how to　3.at great speed　4.It took; to　5.the more stress; the better　6.The reason why; is that
7．curious about　8.equal to　9.in the waves　10.on the edge of(共107张PPT)
Section C　Lesson 2　Professional Rescue Team
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n．& vt. 营救；救援
2．____________ vt. 困住；使陷于危险中
n. 陷阱
3．____________ n. & vt. 努力，尝试，企图
4．____________ n. 交通工具，车辆
5．____________ n. 伤害，损伤，损害
6．____________ vt. 估量，衡量；测量
7．____________ n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
8．____________ n. 职责，义务；责任
9．____________ n. 灯
rescue
trap
attempt
vehicle
damage
measure
battle　
duty　
lamp
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．interrupt vi. & vt.打断讲话→___________ n．插嘴；打岔
2．die v．死→________ n．死，死亡
3．lose v．丢失，失去→________ n．丧失；死亡
4．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量→___________ n．测量；度量
5．operate vt.操作vi.运转；动手术→________ n．行动，活动；手术；操作
interruption
death　
loss
measurement
operation
6．suffer vi.受难，受苦→________ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
7．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；vi. & vt.指挥→________ n．指挥；职业指挥；列车长；(公共汽车的)售票员
8．protect v．保护；防护→________ n．保护；防护
9．breath n．呼吸→________ vi. & vt.呼吸
10．dust n．灰尘；尘埃→________ adj.布满灰尘的
suffering
conductor
protection
breathe　
dusty
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．a forest fire ________________
2．a volcanic eruption ________________
3．rescue vehicles ________________
4．professional rescue teams ________________
5．rescue operations overseas ________________
6．reduce suffering ________________
7．feel proud of... ________________
8．conduct rescue attempts ________________
9．move away from ________________
10．knock on a wall ________________
森林火灾
火山爆发
救援车辆
专业救援队
海外救援行动
减少痛苦
为……感到自豪/骄傲
实施救援行动　
远离
敲击墙壁
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 拯救生命
2．________________ 受过训练的狗(救生犬)
3．____________________ 极具挑战性的过程
4．________________ 一场与时间的战斗
5．________________ 做某事是某人的职责
6．____________________________ 吸入危险数量的灰尘
7．________________ 用完；耗尽(＋宾语)
8．________________ 为了做某事

save lives
trained dogs
a very challenging process
a battle against time
It's one's duty to do sth.
breathe in a dangerous amount of dust
run out of　
so as to do sth.
第一版块|核心单词
1)rescue n. & vt.营救；救援(→rescuer n．救援人员)
(教材原句)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.搜救车辆被派往受灾地区。
come/go to one's rescue 来/去援救某人(rescue n．)
rush to one's rescue 冲过去营救某人(rescue n．)
rescue...from... 把……从……救出(rescue vt.)
rescue a child from drowning 解救一名溺水儿童
rescue the company from ruin 拯救公司免于破产
They are performing an attempt of a rescue.
他们正在进行营救行动。
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.
救援人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。
He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。
He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.
他从桥上跳入水中去救那个溺水儿童。
She was rescued from a burning building by firefighters.
她被消防员从着火的大楼里救了出来。
[拓展]　a rescue team救援队
rescue workers救援人员
a rescue operation救援行动
a daring sea rescue惊心动魄的海上营救行动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The crew __________ (rescue) safe and sound.
②The police came ________ his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
③Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people ________ the roof of the burning building.
④When the miners were lifted out of the well one by one, the ________ (rescue) could not help crying.
⑤People rushed to ________ (she) rescue and picked her up.
were rescued　
to　
from
rescuers　
her
2)trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中；使中计，使上当；储存，留存　n．圈套；陷阱；困境
(教材原句)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.救援队努力营救被困在建筑物下的人。
(1)vt.困住；使陷于危险中；使中计，使上当；储存，留存
be trapped in 被困在……中；陷入……中
trap sb./sth. in sth. 使某人/某物困于……
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
The lift broke down and we were trapped inside it.
电梯出故障了，我们被困在里面了。
They were trapped in the burning building.
他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
(2)n.圈套；陷阱；困境
lay/set a trap (for sb.) (给某人)设下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
The police set a trap to catch the thief.
警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。
Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.一旦你落入圈套，摆脱它就不那么容易了。
[拓展]
表示“被困在……”的其他短语：
be/get caught in
be/get stuck in
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Thirty miners are still trapped _______ the mine following yesterday's explosion.
②She had set ______ trap for him and he walked straight into it.
③The thief __________ (trap) by the police in an old house.
④It's easy to fall ________ a trap, but hard to get out again.
完成句子
⑤He ____________ (陷入……中) an unhappy marriage.
in　
a　
was trapped
into
was trapped in
3)attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图(→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的)
(教材原句)Then decide if the sentences contain a main idea (MI) about rescue attempts or a detail (D).然后决定这些句子是包含了一个关于救援尝试的主旨还是一个细节。
make an/no attempt to do/at doing
企图做……/毫无企图做……
in an attempt to do 为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempt to do 尝试/试图做……(attempt vt.)
at one's first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时
attempt a rescue 设法实行营救
[特别提醒]　
(1)attempt作名词时，后接to do sth., at sth.或at doing sth.作定语
(2)attempt to do sth.(＝try to do sth.)＝make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth.＝in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
He made a weak attempt to look cheerful.
他有气无力地摆出高兴的样子。
She failed in her attempt to organise another club.
她试图再组织一个俱乐部，但失败了。
Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不是很多。
He is attempting a difficult task.
他正在试图完成一项困难的任务。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.
我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的人。
Tom was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder.由于被指控犯有谋杀未遂罪，汤姆昨晚进了监狱。
[易混比较]　
attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”，重在动作，但并不一定成功，相当于try to do sth.。manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”，重在结果，相当于succeed in doing sth.。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
④The police say they're treating it as a case of ________ (attempt) murder.
⑤This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime-cutting measure.
in　
at　
to find　
attempted
at
4)death n．死，死亡；毁灭)
(教材原句)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.如你所知，像地震、洪水和山崩这样的自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
be sick to death of 对……极厌倦
at death's door 生命危在旦夕
a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事
starve to death 饿死
scare/frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
suffer death 遭受死亡
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
death of one's hopes 某人希望的破灭
He is sick to death of the dull work.他极其厌倦这种枯燥的工作。
Car accidents caused many deaths.车祸造成很多人死亡。
[学法点拨]　少数不及物动词后能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。
His son died a heroic death in the war.
他的儿子在战争中英勇牺牲。
die v. 死；死亡
dead adj. 死的，失去生命的
deadly adj. 致命的；致死的
dying adj. 垂死的
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
She's dying to know where you've been.
她极想知道你到哪儿去了。
The little girl cried when she saw her dying cat.
看到快死的小猫，小女孩哭了。
[特别提醒]　death表示“死；死亡(人数)”时是可数名词；表示“死亡的状态”时是不可数名词。
[联想]　v./adj.＋-th→n.
grow v．增长→growth n．增长
long adj.长的→length n．长度
wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度
deep adj.深的→depth n．深度
true adj.真的→truth n．事实
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Latin has become a ________ (die) language.
②I'm sick ________ death of your endless criticism.
③They attended day and night to the ________ (die) man.
④His face had the ________ (dead) paleness after the accident.
⑤He said they did not want war—but if attacked they would fight to the ________ (die).
dead　
to　
dying　
deadly　
death
完成句子
⑥They were very sad to hear that their beloved uncle was ___________ (生命危在旦夕).
⑦She finished speaking, and there was __________ (鸦雀无声) in the room.
⑧He told the telephone operator that his call was ___________________(生死攸关的事).
at death's door
dead silence
a matter of life and death
5)loss n．丧失；损失；去世；失败)
suffer losses 遭受损失
make a loss 亏损
at a loss 亏本地；不知所措；困惑
The loss of his wife was a great blow to him.
妻子去世对他打击很大。
The loss of data may be a disaster to me.
数据的丢失对我而言也许是个灾难。
The loss of the last game by their team surprised us.
他们队输掉最后一场比赛使我们很吃惊。
Usually only those smaller traders suffer losses in an economic crisis.在经济危机中通常都是小商人蒙受损失。
Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.
离开我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，我感到茫然不知所措。
lose vt. 丢失；丧失；失去
vt. & vi. 输
lost adj. 迷路的；丢失的；遗失的
lose heart 失去信心
lose one's way 迷路
be/get lost in 在……迷路；沉浸于；专注于
Unluckily, their candle is put out and they get lost in the dark.不幸的是，他们的蜡烛熄灭了，他们在黑暗中迷路了。
Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn't lose heart and kept on trying.在朋友们的鼓励下，杰克没有灰心，而是继续努力。
[搭配]　gain and loss得与失
make up for the loss弥补损失
at a loss不知所措；亏本地
be lost in thought陷入沉思
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My brother and I are responsible for the ________ (lose).
②If a company spends more than it makes, you can say that it has made ________ loss.
③Too often we get ________ (lose) in caring about what people think.
④Detectives are ________ a loss to explain the reason for his death.
⑤The _____ (loss) suffered by the company are due to bad management.
loss　
a　
lost　
at　
losses
完成句子
⑥In 1986 the company ________ (亏损) of nine hundred million dollars.
⑦He doesn't know this city. He might __________ (迷路) coming alone.
made a loss
lose his way
6)damage n．伤害，损伤，损害，损失　vt.损害；毁坏　damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的
do/cause damage to 对……造成损坏
pay for the damage 赔偿损失
prevent serious property damage 防止严重的财产损失
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
The big fire did damage to the building.
大火对建筑物造成了损害。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
他们尽管了解这一切，还是让我赔偿损失。
It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.它会损害脑细胞，并在大脑中产生化学变化。
Wool was usually damaged if washed in hot water.
毛织物用热水洗通常会受损。
He will receive physical therapy on his damaged left knee.
他受伤的左膝将接受理疗。
[比较]　damage/destroy/ruin
·damage部分性“破坏”“损坏”，通常还可修复；
·destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复；
·ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The flood did a lot of damage ________ the crops.
②Without oxygen, the brain ________ (damage) quickly.
③Her heart was slightly ________ (damage) as a result of her long illness.
选词填空：damage/destroy/ruin
④All the houses in the village were ________ in the earthquake.
⑤The politics of the company will ________ their image.
⑥Many houses were ________ by the earthquake.
to　
is damaged　
damaged
destroyed
ruin　
damaged
7)measure vt.估量，衡量；测量　n．措施，办法；量度；尺度；程度　measurement n．测量；衡量；尺寸
make...to one's own measure 为某人量身定做……
take one's measure＝measure sb. 给某人量尺寸
take measures to do sth.＝take steps/action to do sth.
采取措施做某事
beyond measure 非常；极其
It's hard to measure the importance of good manners.
礼貌的重要性是难以估量的。
They measured the height of the ceiling.
他们测量了天花板的高度。
Perhaps what's most important here is that these measures can be changed.也许这里最重要的是这些措施是可以改变的。
I want the suit made to his own measure.
我想要这套西装照他自己的尺寸做。
The tailor took my measure for a new suit.＝The tailor measured me for a new suit.裁缝量了我的尺寸准备为我做套新衣服。
Mankind's knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure.人类关于宇宙的知识已极大增加。
measure sb./sth. (up) for... 为……而量……的尺寸
measure...by... 用……来衡量……
measure off 量出……长度
measuring equipment/instruments 测量装备/仪器
measure sb./sth. against sb./sth. 使相比较
measure sth. out 取出(或量出)……所需量
You have to measure your determination with that of other people.你得与其他人较量一下决心了。
Can you measure your strength against/with me
你能跟我比一比力气吗？
Cloth is measured in yards.布料以码来计量。
(10) The policy's effectiveness cannot be measured by numbers alone.这项政策的成效不能仅用数字来衡量。
(11)The chemist measured out a dose of medicine.
药剂师量出了一剂药。
(12)The shop assistant measured off 2 meters of material.
店员量出2米长的衣料。
[误区警示]　measure意为“某物长/宽/高为……”时是连系动词，不能用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。
The fish measures more than 1 metre.这条鱼长一米多。
The circle measured 2 meters in diameter.
这个圆圈直径两米。

[比较]　measure/weigh
·measure用于测量体积、长度、数量
·weigh用于测量重量
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Do you make suits ________ your measure
②The good they have done for me is ________ measure.
③We should take appropriate measures __________ (improve) our teaching.
④They took ________ (measure) to overcome current difficulties.
⑤The overall __________ (measure) of this room is 80 square metres.
⑥He ________ (measure) Mrs. Brown from top to bottom.
完成句子
⑦The room __________________ (宽25英尺).
⑧The government __________________ (采取有效措施) to develop resources.
to　
beyond　
to improve
measures
measurement
measured
measures 25 feet across
took effective measures
8)operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作
(教材原句)Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas, as well as in China...王先生，我知道您在海外和中国都参加了许多救援行动……
in operation 工作中；使用中
do/perform/carry out an operation 做手术
come/go into operation 开始生效；开始工作
put/bring...into operation 实施；使……运转；启用
have an operation 接受手术
an operation on 对……进行的手术
The operation was organised by the police.
这次行动是由警方组织的。
The doctors are going to perform an operation to save his life.医生们将做手术以挽救他的生命。
They were also given the opportunity to do some operation.
他们也有机会去操作。
The organisation has been in operation for two weeks.
这个机构已经运行两周了。
It's a wonderful scheme, and he's just the man to put it into operation.这是一个很好的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人选。
He had an operation for appendicitis.他动过盲肠手术。
[拓展]
operate vt. 操作；使运行
vi. 经营，营业；起作用；动手术
operator n. 接线员；操作员；经营者
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.圣诞节服务按照圣诞节的时间表进行。
The medicine will operate in ten minutes.十分钟后药就会见效。
They plan to operate from a new office in Luoyang.
他们计划由洛阳的新办事处经营。
10.The doctor operated on the patient for 2 hours.
医生给病人做了2个小时的手术。
11.The operator told the caller that the line was busy.
接线员告诉打电话的人对方电话占线。
[搭配]
operate on给……做手术；对……起作用
operate the machine操作机器
operate on his left leg给他的左腿动手术
a machine operator机器操作员
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The system has been ________ operation for six months.
②The rescue ________ (operate) began on Friday afternoon.
③This famous doctor has operated ________ many important people.
④The new rules will come ________ operation from next week.
⑤She had worked as a call centre ________ (operate) making cold calls for time-share vacations.
⑥The regulations have been put ________ operation on a trial basis.
in　
operation　
on　
into　
operator
into
完成句子
⑦Temporary traffic controls are _________ (实施中) on New Road.
⑧The new law will ________________ (开始生效) by midnight tomorrow.
⑨I'm afraid that your leg will have to ____________ (做手术); there's no other way to stop the pain.
in operation
come into operation
be operated on
9)process n．过程，进程；制法，方法　vt.加工；处理　vi.列队行进(→processed adj.经加工的)
(教材原句)Sounds like a very challenging process.
听起来像一个非常具有挑战性的过程。
(1)n.过程，进程；制法，方法
in the process 与此同时，在此过程中
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中，在进行……中
be in process (某事)正在进行中
They went over every process again, but without result.
他们把每道工序又检查了一遍，仍没有结果。
With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.
运气好的话，他会在这个过程中吸引更多的人。
That author has just finished one book and has another in process.那位作者刚写完一本书，正在写另一本。
(2)vt.加工；处理　vi.列队行进(→processed adj.经加工的)
process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 处理申请
process the agricultural products/tea leaves
加工农产品/茶叶
process the data 处理数据
process into 列队走进
process...by... 由/用……处理……
process...for... 处理/加工……以获取……；
为……来加工……
The berries are processed into juice or sauce.
浆果被加工成果汁或果酱。
The information is processed by the computer.
此信息由计算机来处理。
The plant is then processed for dye.
然后对这种植物进行加工以获取颜料。
The visitors processed into the house.
参观者列队走进这所房子。
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.
未来的3D食品打印机可以使加工食品更健康。
This kind of medicine is traditionally processed.
这种药是采用传统方法加工的。
10.How fast does the computer process the data
这台计算机处理数据有多快？
[拓展]
a slow/long/painful process缓慢的/漫长的/痛苦的过程
mental processes思维过程
the learning process学习过程
the ageing process老化过程
[比较]
in process和in the process及in (a/the) procession
in process在进行中
in the process与此同时，在此过程中
in (a/the) procession在游行队伍中
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her novel is in ________ process of being turned into a television series.
②The students processed ________ the dining room.
③Grocery stores sell many foods that _________________ (process).
④However, if others benefit _______ the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
⑤They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
the　
into　
have been processed
in
to process
写出句中process的词性及含义
⑥In the process of its resolution all parties hold different views.____________
⑦Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.____________
名词，过程　
动词，加工
10)battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗　v．(与……)搏斗；(与……)斗争
(教材原句)It was a battle against time.
这是一场与时间的战斗。
do battle (n.) over 就……进行斗争(争论)
a battle with/against 同……的斗争
battle after battle 一场紧接着一场的战斗
fight a battle 斗争，作战
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是与自己作斗争，不是为了竞争，也与我是否健壮无关。
Today's football game will be a battle of the giants between the two strongest teams in the country.
今天的足球赛将是全国两个实力最强的队之间的强者之争。
It was one of the most key battles in the whole war.
那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。
People whose marriage has ended often do battle over the children.离婚者常为孩子而进行争斗。
The firemen battled to control the flames.
消防员与烈火搏斗以控制火势。
battle with/against 与……作斗争；抵抗……
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
The teams battle for the prize in the football match.
各队在足球比赛中争夺奖品。
The sailors battled with the winds and waves.
水手们与风浪搏斗。
[拓展]
battle it out决一胜负，决一雌雄；战斗到底
battle one's way艰难地走
battle to do sth.奋力/努力做某事
This weekend, eight teams will battle it out in the quarter finals of the League Cup.
这个周末，有八个队要在联赛杯的四分之一决赛中决一雌雄。
He battled his way to the bar.
他费力地走向吧台。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He fought bravely in many ________ (battle) and gained their respect.
②There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle ________ your trust.
③I have done battle with my conscience ________ whether I should actually send this letter.
④She has fought a constant battle ________ her weight.
⑤Doctors ________ (battle) throughout the night to save her life.
battles　
for　
over　
with　
battled
11)duty n. 职责，义务；责任
(教材原句)But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
但这是我们的责任，尽我们的最大努力减少痛苦和生命的损失。
out of duty 出于责任
a sense of duty 责任感
do one's duty 尽职责/义务
perform one's duty 尽某人的职责
carry out one's duty 履行某人的职责
His heroic action came from a strong sense of duty.
他的英勇行为来源于强烈的责任感。
A policeman must not smoke while he is on duty.
警察当班值勤时不得抽烟。
It is a duty for every citizen to give others in trouble a helping hand.给予急难救助是每个公民的责任。
I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty.
我希望你不只是出于责任感才来看我。
The girl was ashamed to admit that she hadn't done her duty.女孩羞愧地承认她没有尽到自己的义务。

[拓展]　(be) on duty值班；值勤(静态)
(be) off duty下班；不值勤(静态)
go on/off duty值班/下班(动态)
It is one's duty to do sth.＝It is a duty for sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的职责
feel/think it one's duty to do sth.感觉/认为做某事是某人的职责
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He took up office out of ________ sense of duty.
②It was Mrs Dearden's day off, and Paul was _______ duty in her place.
③She is ________ duty, so please come to her tomorrow.
④________ is a duty for you to report it to the police.
⑤I feel it my duty ________ (bring) to your attention to following facts.
完成句子
⑥When ________ (不上班) I can do my private work.
⑦______________ (我认为这是我的职责) to serve the people.
a　
on　
off　
It　
to bring
off duty
I think it my duty
12)suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
(教材原句)A doctor's task is to work for the relief of patients' suffering.医生的工作是消除病人的痛苦。
pain and suffering 痛苦
suffer vt. 遭受，忍受 vi. 受苦；罹患
sufferer n. 受难者；受害者；患者
含有“遭受疼痛、损失、惩罚等”不好的结果之意：
suffer pain 遭受疼痛
suffer losses 遭受损失
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
suffer damage 遭受损害
suffer punishment 遭受惩罚
suffer hardship 遭受困苦
I won't stand by and let him suffer like this.
我不会袖手旁观，让他这样受苦。
This island country often suffers from earthquakes.
这个岛国时常遭受地震之苦。
They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
他们在金融危机时遭受了巨大的损失。

[拓展]
suffer from因……而痛苦，from后接原因：
suffer from a headache遭受头痛之苦
suffer from ill health遭受身体不好之苦
suffer from drought遭受旱灾
suffer from floods遭受水灾
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①To some life means pleasure, to others ________ (suffer).
②The oldest ________ (suffer) of a similar condition lived to the age of 26.
③His business ________ (suffer) greatly during the war.
④They suffer ________ health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation (辐射).
suffering　
sufferer　
suffered　
from
13)interrupt v．打断讲话；打扰　vt.阻断；遮挡
(教材原句)Excuse me, Mr Wang, but can I interrupt you there？对不起，王先生，我能打断一下吗？
interrupt sb. (with sth.) (用某事)打断某人
sorry to interrupt 对不起打扰一下
sorry for interrupting... 对不起打扰一下
be interrupted by 受到……打扰
Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.
楼梯上传来脚步声，打断了他的思路。
Excuse me, I wonder if I could interrupt you for a moment.
对不起，能不能打扰您一会儿？
These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea.
这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野。
It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.不断提问打断演讲者是不礼貌的。
Sorry for interrupting you, but could you answer a question？对不起，打断一下，能回答一个问题吗？
interruption n. 打断；打扰
without interruption 不间断地，继续不断地
I managed to work for two hours without interruption.
我总算连续工作了两小时。
[比较]　interrupt/disturb
·interrupt指的是打断别人的交谈，或是正在进行的事情；
·disturb指的是别人在专心做某件事情，或是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was angry at being interrupted ________ such silly questions in his speech.
②Their conversation ____________ (interrupt) by a phone call from Nina.
③Sorry __________ (interrupt), but there's someone to see you.
④The functions of our government continue without __________ (interrupt).
with　
was interrupted
to interrupt
interruption
完成句子
⑤Andy's thoughts ______________________ (突然被打断) a sharp voice.
⑥______________ (对不起打扰一下), but I have to remind you of the time.
选词填空：interrupt/disturb
⑦I'll see my patient now and we are not to __________．
⑧It is not polite to ________ when someone is talking.
were suddenly interrupted by
Sorry to interrupt
be disturbed
interrupt
14)conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；带领；举止；传导　vi. & vt.指挥　n．行为，举止　conductor n．乐队等的指挥；售票员；导体
(教材原句)You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection？您已经告诉了我们很多您是如何进行营救的，但是您能告诉我们更多关于保护的事情吗？
conduct oneself 表现；为人
conduct sb. around 引导某人参观……
conduct sb. into 领某人进入……
conduct sb. through 领某人穿过……
conduct an experiment 进行实验
conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/合唱团
conduct a survey/interview 进行调查/面试
conduct activities 开展活动
Despite many failures, they continued to conduct the experiment.尽管失败了许多次，他们仍继续进行实验。
Copper is a good medium for conducting heat.
铜是传热的良导体。
The business is conducted from small offices in Beijing.
这个买卖是在北京的小办公室里进行的。
The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.要做到这一点，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该做的那样。
He has recently begun a successful career conducting opera.
他最近成功地开始了指挥歌剧的生涯。
The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.
导游引导我们游览了古城遗迹。
The receptionist conducted me into the room.
接待员把我领进了房间。
The visitors were conducted through the Palace Museum.
参观者被领着参观故宫博物院。
He is famous for his good conduct.他因良好的行为而闻名。
10.Who is the conductor of tonight's concert
谁是今晚音乐会的指挥？
[归纳拓展]
an opera/an orchestra/a symphony conductor歌剧/管弦乐队/交响乐指挥
a bus conductor公共汽车售票员
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The way he conducts ________ (he) is the reflection of his family education.
②It is his duty to conduct the visitors ________ the whole park.
③A fire drill will __________ (conduct) in your residence hall every semester.
④To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
⑤The bus ________ (conduct) collected money from the passengers.
himself
around　
be conducted
conducted
conductor
写出句中conduct的词性及含义
⑥Who is conducting the orchestra tonight？____________
⑦Most plastics do not readily conduct heat or electricity.____________
⑧To find out, British scientists conducted a study.____________
⑨Any conduct harmful to the public interest must not be permitted.____________
动词，指挥　
动词，传导
动词，进行
名词，行为
15)protection n．保护；防护)
the protection of... 对……的保护
under one's protection＝under the protection of sb.
在某人的保护下
offer/provide protection (against...)
提供保护(免受……侵害)
environmental protection＝the protection of the environment
环境保护
protection against pollution 防止污染
He's devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他终生致力于对珍稀动物的保护。
They travelled under the protection of a number of soldiers.
他们在一些士兵的护卫下旅行。
[拓展]
protect v. 保护；防护
protective adj. 保护的；防护的；爱护的
protect (sb./sth.) from/against... 保护(某人/某事物)以免受到……的伤害
Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attacks.
运动不仅会降低血压，而且有可能防止心脏病发作。
A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.
做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。

[语境助记]　
Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.4月22日的地球日是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Little children live ________ the protection of their parents.
②Living away from the ________ (protect) of parents, I am growing up in a rapid speed.
③She's too ________ (protect) towards her children; she should let them be more independent.
④________ protection of intellectual property rights has been a hot topic in the past few years.
⑤They felt strongly that their products should be protected _________ competition from foreign imports.
under
protection　
protective　
The
against/from
16)nearby adv.附近　adj.附近的，邻近的
(教材原句)．..when someone is nearby.……在附近有人时。
live nearby 住在附近(adv.)
a nearby town 附近的一个小镇(adj.)
During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to buy some small things she needs.
然而，在工作日，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西。
The hospital nearby is a big one.附近的这家医院很大。
He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby.他可能很容易被住在附近的人看到。
[易混比较]　nearby/nearly/near
词条 词性 词义 用法
nearby adj. & adv. 附近的；附近 无比较等级
nearly adv. 差不多，几乎，将近 表示程度
near adj., adv.
& prep. 接近；在附近；在……附近 比较级与最高级分别为nearer, nearest
[特别提醒]
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
[即学即练]　完成句子
①He works in ___________________ (附近的警察局).
②He usually trades ____________________ (在附近的超市).
③Small local shops stop being economic when a supermarket _____________ (在附近开设).
the nearby police station
at the nearby supermarket
opens up nearby
17)breathe vi. & vt.呼吸　breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气　breathless adj.屏息的；气喘吁吁的
(教材原句)．..shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
……大声叫喊会让你吸入大量有害的灰尘。
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负，松了口气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
hold/catch one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
The doctor asked me to breathe in, and then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
如果你在户外运动，你的身体将学会更深地呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
尽管如此，当赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。
He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
[语境助记]
I was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶时，我已经上气不接下气了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is difficult to ________ (breath) at these altitudes.
②In the morning I open the window wide and breathe ________ deeply.
③I was a little ________ (breath) and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.
④Running was really hard at first because I ran out of _______ (breathe) quickly.
⑤Take ________ deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater.
完成句子
⑥I got ___________ (上气不接下气) running up the hill from the station.
⑦At parties, I don't like to be with people who _______________ (呼出烟雾) all over me.
breathe　
in　
breathless　
breath
a
out of breath
breathe out smoke
第二版块|重要短语
1)sound like听起来像……)
sound v. 听起来；(使)发出声音
n. 声音
adj. 完好的；(睡觉)酣畅的
(1)sound like＋n.
That sounds like a good idea.那听起来像个好主意。
The story sounds like fun.这故事听起来有趣。
(2)sound like＋n.＋v.-ing
That sounds like a child crying.
那听起来像是有个小孩子在哭叫。
(3)
sound＋adj. 听起来……
sound＋as if/as though从句 听起来好像
Your idea sounds great.你的主意听起来太棒了。
His excuse sounds convincing.他的理由听起来可信。
It sounds as if/as though you had a great time in Paris.
听起来你们好像在巴黎玩得很开心。
[注意]　口语中it sounds like或it sound＋adj.常省略it。如：
Sounds/It sounds great.听起来不错。
Sounds/It sounds like fun.听起来好像很有趣。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①—Albert's birthday is next Saturday, and I'm planning a surprise party for him.
—_____________ (听起来好像很有趣). I'll bring some wine.
②If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could ______________ (听起来很不错).
③It sounds as if/though you __________________ (什么都知道了).
④Your voice __________ (听起来像) you have a cold.
Sounds like fun　
sound wonderful
have known everything
sounds as if
2)run out用完；耗尽；过期，跑出
(教材原句)．..unfortunately, we've run out of time.
……不幸的是，我们没时间了。
run out/run out of
run out是不及物动词词组，意为“……耗尽/跑出”等，不用于被动语态；
run out of是及物动词词组，意为“用完……，耗尽……”等，其后跟宾语，可用于被动语态。
We'd just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out.
我们刚到达高速公路，汽油就用光了。
We'd better do the shopping, because time is running out.
我们最好还是去买东西，因为时间不多了。
We've nearly run out of paper. Do you think there's enough for today？我们的纸差不多已经用完了。你看今天够用吗？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.我们都认识一些人，他们在达到人生的一半之前就已经失去了动力。
[一言辨异]　Her money has run out and she is also running out of her patience.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也快耗尽了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Their luck had simply run ________. Still, never fear.
②I have run out ________ patience with her.
选词填空：run out/run out of
③It looks as if oil will _________ faster than coal.
④They'll _________ their daily necessities.
完成句子
⑤Most of the students were able to _______ (跑出来) when the building began to shake.
⑥I decided to paint the bathroom ceiling but _____________ (筋疲力尽) halfway through.
out　
of　
run out　
run out of
run out　
ran out of steam
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________ (痛苦) of other people shocks me.
2．Despite numerous failures, they continued to ________ (进行) the experiment without flagging.
3．It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide ________ (保护) for their children.
4．The landslide shook the foundations of the houses ________ (在附近).
5．The air was full of dust that we could hardly ________ (呼吸).
suffering
conduct
protection
nearby
breathe
6．How do accounting records ________ (操作)
7．Every year nine million ________ (海外的) visitors come to the city.
8．It was completely refurbished in 1987, with the addition of a picnic ________ (场所).
9．Your ________ (职责) will include setting up a new shelter.
10．The drought has led to widespread ________ (丧失) of life.
11．The blast had serious effects with quite extensive ________ (损害) to the house.
12．We cannot _______ (测量) damage directly. It can only be estimated.
operate　
overseas
site
duties
loss　
damage
measure
13．________ (救援) planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
14．They made no ________ (企图) to escape and just were frightened.
15．People who are self-focused tend to ________ (打断讲话).
16．The ________ (死亡) of her daughter trapped her in despair.
Rescue
attempt
interrupt
death
Ⅱ.短语填空
in the process, at a loss, take pride in, in operation, sound like, breathe out, in an attempt to
1．The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then ____________．
2．It doesn't ___________ that an explorer is talking to another explorer.
3．His parents ____________ his bravery.
4．Temporary traffic controls are __________ on New Road.
5．I was moving a sledge and I twisted my ankle ____________．
6．Two factories were closed ____________ cut costs and overuse.
7．Obviously price promotions generally run _______， otherwise there would be more of them.
breathe out
sound like
take pride in
in operation
in the process
in an attempt to
at a loss
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．This trivial error could cause serious damage _______ the country's economy.
2．She lived entirely by spiritual values, in a world of poetry and _________ (imagine).
3．She has self-focused ________ (tough) that does not come about by chance.
4．Even if the explorer suffered _____ a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
5．Such a site is widely believed to offer protection ________ a number of enemies.
to
imagination
toughness
from　
against
6．It took ________ (rescue) 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.
7．The birth of her son was a limiting _________ (interrupt) to her career.
8．History is much more than the study of ________ (dust) old objects and past events.
9．The emphasis is very much on ________ (learn) the error.
10．Local residents have joined a battle ________ the council over the lack of parking facilities.
rescuers
interruption
dusty
learning
with
B
1．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]A study ________ (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
2．[2022·全国甲卷]The next week we walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ________ (breathe), Steve got down on one knee.
1．答案与解析：conducted　A study与conduct之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。句意：例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中较绿色的地区犯罪率较低。
2．答案与解析：breath　catch one's breath喘口气。句意：第二个星期，我们一起遛狗。那天很热。当我们停下来喘口气时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。
3．[2020·浙江二考]Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
4．[北京卷]In today's information age, the ________ (lose) of data can cause serious problems for a company.
3．答案与解析：to control　attempt后常跟不定式作定语。句意：公元前10000年后的一段时间，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。
4．答案与解析：loss　loss意为“丢失”，名词作主语。句意：在当今信息时代，数据的丢失可能给一个企业带来严重的问题。
5．[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]Once the registration form is received and ________ (process), we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
6．[2021·全国乙卷]We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement ________ (operate).
5．答案与解析：processed　根据空格前面and可推断，所填词与and前面的received对等，故填过去分词。句意：报名表格收到并处理后，我们将于两个工作日内发送邮件确认。
6．答案与解析：operation　句意：我们有一位女性患者，她刚做完膝关节置换手术，正在康复中。
7．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage ________ our children.
8．[2019·天津一考]Perhaps what's most important here is that these ________ (measure) can be changed.
7．答案与解析：to　do damage to对……造成伤害。句意：我非常害怕我们说的谎话会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。
8．答案与解析：measures　由空前的these可知，此处用复数形式。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对。
Now that ____________， she did seem to be in a strange mood.
2．对这个探险已进行了大量研究。
There's been ____________ research into the exploration.
3．据说世界上的淡水将会耗尽，对人类来说这将是一场灾难。
It is said that the world would _________ fresh water, which is a disaster to human beings.
you mention it
an amount of
run out of
4．遵守规则是每个人的责任，这样才能使我们的社会有秩序，运行在正确的轨道上。
_________________ to observe rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
5．她不厌其烦地想弄清楚要如何证明我的能力。
She _______________ find out how to prove my ability.
It is everybody's duty
takes the trouble toSection C　Lesson 2　Professional Rescue Team
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n．& vt. 营救；救援
2．____________ vt. 困住；使陷于危险中
n. 陷阱
3．____________ n. & vt. 努力，尝试，企图
4．____________ n. 交通工具，车辆
5．____________ n. 伤害，损伤，损害
6．____________ vt. 估量，衡量；测量
7．____________ n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
8．____________ n. 职责，义务；责任
9．____________ n. 灯
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．interrupt vi. & vt.打断讲话→________ n．插嘴；打岔
2．die v．死→________ n．死，死亡
3．lose v．丢失，失去→________ n．丧失；死亡
4．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量→________ n．测量；度量
5．operate vt.操作vi.运转；动手术→________ n．行动，活动；手术；操作
6．suffer vi.受难，受苦→________ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
7．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；vi. & vt.指挥→________ n．指挥；职业指挥；列车长；(公共汽车的)售票员
8．protect v．保护；防护→________ n．保护；防护
9．breath n．呼吸→________ vi. & vt.呼吸
10．dust n．灰尘；尘埃→________ adj.布满灰尘的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．a forest fire ________________
2．a volcanic eruption ________________
3．rescue vehicles ________________
4．professional rescue teams
________________
5．rescue operations overseas
________________
6．reduce suffering ________________
7．feel proud of... ________________
8．conduct rescue attempts ________________
9．move away from ________________
10．knock on a wall ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 拯救生命
2．________________ 受过训练的狗(救生犬)
3．________________ 极具挑战性的过程
4．________________ 一场与时间的战斗
5．________________ 做某事是某人的职责
6．________________ 吸入危险数量的灰尘
7．________________ 用完；耗尽(＋宾语)
8．________________ 为了做某事
第一版块|核心单词
1)rescue n. & vt.营救；救援(→rescuer n．救援人员))
(教材原句)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.搜救车辆被派往受灾地区。
come/go to one's rescue 来/去援救某人(rescue n．)
rush to one's rescue 冲过去营救某人(rescue n．)
rescue...from... 把……从……救出(rescue vt.)
rescue a child from drowning 解救一名溺水儿童
rescue the company from ruin 拯救公司免于破产
They are performing an attempt of a rescue.
他们正在进行营救行动。
Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.
救援人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。
He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。
He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.
他从桥上跳入水中去救那个溺水儿童。
She was rescued from a burning building by firefighters.
她被消防员从着火的大楼里救了出来。
[拓展]　a rescue team救援队
rescue workers救援人员
a rescue operation救援行动
a daring sea rescue惊心动魄的海上营救行动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The crew ________ (rescue) safe and sound.
②The police came ________ his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
③Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people ________ the roof of the burning building.
④When the miners were lifted out of the well one by one, the ________ (rescue) could not help crying.
⑤People rushed to ________ (she) rescue and picked her up.
2)trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中；使中计，使上当；储存，留存　n．圈套；陷阱；困境)
(教材原句)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.救援队努力营救被困在建筑物下的人。
(1)vt.困住；使陷于危险中；使中计，使上当；储存，留存
be trapped in 被困在……中；陷入……中
trap sb./sth. in sth. 使某人/某物困于……
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
The lift broke down and we were trapped inside it.
电梯出故障了，我们被困在里面了。
They were trapped in the burning building.
他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
(2)n.圈套；陷阱；困境
lay/set a trap (for sb.) (给某人)设下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
The police set a trap to catch the thief.
警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。
Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.一旦你落入圈套，摆脱它就不那么容易了。
[拓展]
表示“被困在……”的其他短语：
be/get caught in
be/get stuck in
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Thirty miners are still trapped ________ the mine following yesterday's explosion.
②She had set ________ trap for him and he walked straight into it.
③The thief ________ (trap) by the police in an old house.
④It's easy to fall ________ a trap, but hard to get out again.
完成句子
⑤He ____________________________ (陷入……中) an unhappy marriage.
3)attempt n. & vt.努力，尝试，企图(→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的))
(教材原句)Then decide if the sentences contain a main idea (MI) about rescue attempts or a detail (D).然后决定这些句子是包含了一个关于救援尝试的主旨还是一个细节。
make an/no attempt to do/at doing
企图做……/毫无企图做……
in an attempt to do 为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempt to do 尝试/试图做……(attempt vt.)
at one's first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时
attempt a rescue 设法实行营救
[特别提醒]　(1)attempt作名词时，后接to do sth., at sth.或at doing sth.作定语
(2)attempt to do sth.(＝try to do sth.)＝make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth.＝in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
He made a weak attempt to look cheerful.
他有气无力地摆出高兴的样子。
She failed in her attempt to organise another club.
她试图再组织一个俱乐部，但失败了。
Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.第一次就能回答这个问题的人并不是很多。
He is attempting a difficult task.
他正在试图完成一项困难的任务。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question.
我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题的人。
Tom was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder.由于被指控犯有谋杀未遂罪，汤姆昨晚进了监狱。
[易混比较]　attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”，重在动作，但并不一定成功，相当于try to do sth.。manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”，重在结果，相当于succeed in doing sth.。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
④The police say they're treating it as a case of ________ (attempt) murder.
⑤This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime cutting measure.
4)death n．死，死亡；毁灭)
(教材原句)As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.如你所知，像地震、洪水和山崩这样的自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
be sick to death of 对……极厌倦
at death's door 生命危在旦夕
a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事
starve to death 饿死
scare/frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
suffer death 遭受死亡
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
death of one's hopes 某人希望的破灭
He is sick to death of the dull work.他极其厌倦这种枯燥的工作。
Car accidents caused many deaths.车祸造成很多人死亡。
[学法点拨]　少数不及物动词后能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。
His son died a heroic death in the war.
他的儿子在战争中英勇牺牲。
die v. 死；死亡
dead adj. 死的，失去生命的
deadly adj. 致命的；致死的
dying adj. 垂死的
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
She's dying to know where you've been.
她极想知道你到哪儿去了。
The little girl cried when she saw her dying cat.
看到快死的小猫，小女孩哭了。
[特别提醒]　death表示“死；死亡(人数)”时是可数名词；表示“死亡的状态”时是不可数名词。
[联想]　v./adj.＋ th→n.
grow v．增长→growth n．增长
long adj.长的→length n．长度
wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度
deep adj.深的→depth n．深度
true adj.真的→truth n．事实
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Latin has become a ________ (die) language.
②I'm sick ________ death of your endless criticism.
③They attended day and night to the ________ (die) man.
④His face had the ________ (dead) paleness after the accident.
⑤He said they did not want war—but if attacked they would fight to the ________ (die).
完成句子
⑥They were very sad to hear that their beloved uncle was ____________________________ (生命危在旦夕).
⑦She finished speaking, and there was ______________________________ (鸦雀无声) in the room.
⑧He told the telephone operator that his call was __________________________(生死攸关的事).
5)loss n．丧失；损失；去世；失败)
suffer losses 遭受损失
make a loss 亏损
at a loss 亏本地；不知所措；困惑
The loss of his wife was a great blow to him.
妻子去世对他打击很大。
The loss of data may be a disaster to me.
数据的丢失对我而言也许是个灾难。
The loss of the last game by their team surprised us.
他们队输掉最后一场比赛使我们很吃惊。
Usually only those smaller traders suffer losses in an economic crisis.在经济危机中通常都是小商人蒙受损失。
Without my beloved beaches and endless blue sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.
离开我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，我感到茫然不知所措。
lose vt. 丢失；丧失；失去
vt. & vi. 输
lost adj. 迷路的；丢失的；遗失的
lose heart 失去信心
lose one's way 迷路
be/get lost in 在……迷路；沉浸于；专注于
Unluckily, their candle is put out and they get lost in the dark.不幸的是，他们的蜡烛熄灭了，他们在黑暗中迷路了。
Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn't lose heart and kept on trying.在朋友们的鼓励下，杰克没有灰心，而是继续努力。
[搭配]　gain and loss得与失
make up for the loss弥补损失
at a loss不知所措；亏本地
be lost in thought陷入沉思
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My brother and I are responsible for the ________ (lose).
②If a company spends more than it makes, you can say that it has made ________ loss.
③Too often we get ________ (lose) in caring about what people think.
④Detectives are ________ a loss to explain the reason for his death.
⑤The ________ (loss) suffered by the company are due to bad management.
完成句子
⑥In 1986 the company ______________ (亏损) of nine hundred million dollars.
⑦He doesn't know this city. He might ________________________ (迷路) coming alone.
6)damage n．伤害，损伤，损害，损失　vt.损害；毁坏　damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的)
do/cause damage to 对……造成损坏
pay for the damage 赔偿损失
prevent serious property damage 防止严重的财产损失
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
The big fire did damage to the building.
大火对建筑物造成了损害。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
他们尽管了解这一切，还是让我赔偿损失。
It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.它会损害脑细胞，并在大脑中产生化学变化。
Wool was usually damaged if washed in hot water.
毛织物用热水洗通常会受损。
He will receive physical therapy on his damaged left knee.
他受伤的左膝将接受理疗。
[比较]　damage/destroy/ruin
·damage部分性“破坏”“损坏”，通常还可修复；
·destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复；
·ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。,[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The flood did a lot of damage ________ the crops.
②Without oxygen, the brain ________ (damage) quickly.
③Her heart was slightly ________ (damage) as a result of her long illness.
选词填空：damage/destroy/ruin
④All the houses in the village were ________ in the earthquake.
⑤The politics of the company will ________ their image.
⑥Many houses were ________ by the earthquake.
7)measure vt.估量，衡量；测量　n．措施，办法；量度；尺度；程度　measurement n．测量；衡量；尺寸)
make...to one's own measure 为某人量身定做……
take one's measure＝measure sb. 给某人量尺寸
take measures to do sth.＝take steps/action to do sth.
采取措施做某事
beyond measure 非常；极其
It's hard to measure the importance of good manners.
礼貌的重要性是难以估量的。
They measured the height of the ceiling.
他们测量了天花板的高度。
Perhaps what's most important here is that these measures can be changed.也许这里最重要的是这些措施是可以改变的。
I want the suit made to his own measure.
我想要这套西装照他自己的尺寸做。
The tailor took my measure for a new suit.＝The tailor measured me for a new suit.裁缝量了我的尺寸准备为我做套新衣服。
Mankind's knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure.人类关于宇宙的知识已极大增加。
measure sb./sth. (up) for... 为……而量……的尺寸
measure...by... 用……来衡量……
measure off 量出……长度
measuring equipment/instruments 测量装备/仪器
measure sb./sth. against sb./sth. 使相比较
measure sth. out 取出(或量出)……所需量
You have to measure your determination with that of other people.你得与其他人较量一下决心了。
Can you measure your strength against/with me
你能跟我比一比力气吗？
Cloth is measured in yards.布料以码来计量。
(10) The policy's effectiveness cannot be measured by numbers alone.这项政策的成效不能仅用数字来衡量。
(11)The chemist measured out a dose of medicine.
药剂师量出了一剂药。
(12)The shop assistant measured off 2 meters of material.
店员量出2米长的衣料。
[误区警示]　measure意为“某物长/宽/高为……”时是连系动词，不能用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。
The fish measures more than 1 metre.这条鱼长一米多。
The circle measured 2 meters in diameter.
这个圆圈直径两米。
[比较]　measure/weigh
·measure用于测量体积、长度、数量
·weigh用于测量重量
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Do you make suits ________ your measure
②The good they have done for me is ________ measure.
③We should take appropriate measures ________ (improve) our teaching.
④They took ________ (measure) to overcome current difficulties.
⑤The overall ________ (measure) of this room is 80 square metres.
⑥He ________ (measure) Mrs. Brown from top to bottom.
完成句子
⑦The room ________________________ (宽25英尺).
⑧The government __________________ (采取有效措施) to develop resources.
8)operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作)
(教材原句)Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas, as well as in China...王先生，我知道您在海外和中国都参加了许多救援行动……
in operation 工作中；使用中
do/perform/carry out an operation 做手术
come/go into operation 开始生效；开始工作
put/bring...into operation 实施；使……运转；启用
have an operation 接受手术
an operation on 对……进行的手术
The operation was organised by the police.
这次行动是由警方组织的。
The doctors are going to perform an operation to save his life.医生们将做手术以挽救他的生命。
They were also given the opportunity to do some operation.
他们也有机会去操作。
The organisation has been in operation for two weeks.
这个机构已经运行两周了。
It's a wonderful scheme, and he's just the man to put it into operation.这是一个很好的计划，而他正是实施这个计划的人选。
He had an operation for appendicitis.他动过盲肠手术。
[拓展]
operate vt. 操作；使运行
vi. 经营，营业；起作用；动手术
operator n. 接线员；操作员；经营者
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.圣诞节服务按照圣诞节的时间表进行。
The medicine will operate in ten minutes.十分钟后药就会见效。
They plan to operate from a new office in Luoyang.
他们计划由洛阳的新办事处经营。
The doctor operated on the patient for 2 hours.
医生给病人做了2个小时的手术。
The operator told the caller that the line was busy.
接线员告诉打电话的人对方电话占线。
[搭配]
operate on给……做手术；对……起作用
operate the machine操作机器
operate on his left leg给他的左腿动手术
a machine operator机器操作员
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The system has been ________ operation for six months.
②The rescue ________ (operate) began on Friday afternoon.
③This famous doctor has operated ________ many important people.
④The new rules will come ________ operation from next week.
⑤She had worked as a call centre ________ (operate) making cold calls for time share vacations.
⑥The regulations have been put ________ operation on a trial basis.
完成句子
⑦Temporary traffic controls are ________________ (实施中) on New Road.
⑧The new law will ________________ (开始生效) by midnight tomorrow.
⑨I'm afraid that your leg will have to ________________________ (做手术); there's no other way to stop the pain.
9)process n．过程，进程；制法，方法　vt.加工；处理　vi.列队行进(→processed adj.经加工的))
(教材原句)Sounds like a very challenging process.
听起来像一个非常具有挑战性的过程。
(1)n.过程，进程；制法，方法
in the process 与此同时，在此过程中
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中，在进行……中
be in process (某事)正在进行中
They went over every process again, but without result.
他们把每道工序又检查了一遍，仍没有结果。
With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.
运气好的话，他会在这个过程中吸引更多的人。
That author has just finished one book and has another in process.那位作者刚写完一本书，正在写另一本。
(2)vt.加工；处理　vi.列队行进(→processed adj.经加工的)
process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 处理申请
process the agricultural products/tea leaves
加工农产品/茶叶
process the data 处理数据
process into 列队走进
process...by... 由/用……处理……
process...for... 处理/加工……以获取……；
为……来加工……
The berries are processed into juice or sauce.
浆果被加工成果汁或果酱。
The information is processed by the computer.
此信息由计算机来处理。
The plant is then processed for dye.
然后对这种植物进行加工以获取颜料。
The visitors processed into the house.
参观者列队走进这所房子。
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.
未来的3D食品打印机可以使加工食品更健康。
This kind of medicine is traditionally processed.
这种药是采用传统方法加工的。
How fast does the computer process the data
这台计算机处理数据有多快？
[拓展]
a slow/long/painful process缓慢的/漫长的/痛苦的过程
mental processes思维过程
the learning process学习过程
the ageing process老化过程
[比较]
in process和in the process及in (a/the) procession
in process在进行中
in the process与此同时，在此过程中
in (a/the) procession在游行队伍中
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her novel is in ________ process of being turned into a television series.
②The students processed ________ the dining room.
③Grocery stores sell many foods that ________ (process).
④However, if others benefit ________ the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
⑤They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
写出句中process的词性及含义
⑥In the process of its resolution all parties hold different views.____________
⑦Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.____________
10)battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗　v．(与……)搏斗；(与……)斗争)
(教材原句)It was a battle against time.
这是一场与时间的战斗。
do battle (n.) over 就……进行斗争(争论)
a battle with/against 同……的斗争
battle after battle 一场紧接着一场的战斗
fight a battle 斗争，作战
win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗
It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是与自己作斗争，不是为了竞争，也与我是否健壮无关。
Today's football game will be a battle of the giants between the two strongest teams in the country.
今天的足球赛将是全国两个实力最强的队之间的强者之争。
It was one of the most key battles in the whole war.
那是整个战争中最关键的战役之一。
People whose marriage has ended often do battle over the children.离婚者常为孩子而进行争斗。
The firemen battled to control the flames.
消防员与烈火搏斗以控制火势。
battle with/against 与……作斗争；抵抗……
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
The teams battle for the prize in the football match.
各队在足球比赛中争夺奖品。
The sailors battled with the winds and waves.
水手们与风浪搏斗。
[拓展]
battle it out决一胜负，决一雌雄；战斗到底
battle one's way艰难地走
battle to do sth.奋力/努力做某事
This weekend, eight teams will battle it out in the quarter finals of the League Cup.
这个周末，有八个队要在联赛杯的四分之一决赛中决一雌雄。
He battled his way to the bar.
他费力地走向吧台。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He fought bravely in many ________ (battle) and gained their respect.
②There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle ________ your trust.
③I have done battle with my conscience ________ whether I should actually send this letter.
④She has fought a constant battle ________ her weight.
⑤Doctors ________ (battle) throughout the night to save her life.
11)duty n. 职责，义务；责任)
(教材原句)But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
但这是我们的责任，尽我们的最大努力减少痛苦和生命的损失。
out of duty 出于责任
a sense of duty 责任感
do one's duty 尽职责/义务
perform one's duty 尽某人的职责
carry out one's duty 履行某人的职责
His heroic action came from a strong sense of duty.
他的英勇行为来源于强烈的责任感。
A policeman must not smoke while he is on duty.
警察当班值勤时不得抽烟。
It is a duty for every citizen to give others in trouble a helping hand.给予急难救助是每个公民的责任。
I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty.
我希望你不只是出于责任感才来看我。
The girl was ashamed to admit that she hadn't done her duty.女孩羞愧地承认她没有尽到自己的义务。
[拓展]　(be) on duty值班；值勤(静态)
(be) off duty下班；不值勤(静态)
go on/off duty值班/下班(动态)
It is one's duty to do sth.＝It is a duty for sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的职责
feel/think it one's duty to do sth.感觉/认为做某事是某人的职责
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He took up office out of ________ sense of duty.
②It was Mrs Dearden's day off, and Paul was ________ duty in her place.
③She is ________ duty, so please come to her tomorrow.
④________ is a duty for you to report it to the police.
⑤I feel it my duty ________ (bring) to your attention to following facts.
完成句子
⑥When ________________________ (不上班) I can do my private work.
⑦________________________ (我认为这是我的职责) to serve the people.
12)suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨)
(教材原句)A doctor's task is to work for the relief of patients' suffering.医生的工作是消除病人的痛苦。
pain and suffering 痛苦
suffer vt. 遭受，忍受
vi. 受苦；罹患
sufferer n. 受难者；受害者；患者
含有“遭受疼痛、损失、惩罚等”不好的结果之意：
suffer pain 遭受疼痛
suffer losses 遭受损失
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
suffer damage 遭受损害
suffer punishment 遭受惩罚
suffer hardship 遭受困苦
I won't stand by and let him suffer like this.
我不会袖手旁观，让他这样受苦。
This island country often suffers from earthquakes.
这个岛国时常遭受地震之苦。
They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
他们在金融危机时遭受了巨大的损失。
[拓展]
suffer from因……而痛苦，from后接原因：
suffer from a headache遭受头痛之苦
suffer from ill health遭受身体不好之苦
suffer from drought遭受旱灾
suffer from floods遭受水灾
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①To some life means pleasure, to others ________ (suffer).
②The oldest ________ (suffer) of a similar condition lived to the age of 26.
③His business ________ (suffer) greatly during the war.
④They suffer ________ health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation (辐射).
13)interrupt v．打断讲话；打扰　vt.阻断；遮挡)
(教材原句)Excuse me, Mr Wang, but can I interrupt you there？对不起，王先生，我能打断一下吗？
interrupt sb. (with sth.) (用某事)打断某人
sorry to interrupt 对不起打扰一下
sorry for interrupting... 对不起打扰一下
be interrupted by 受到……打扰
Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.
楼梯上传来脚步声，打断了他的思路。
Excuse me, I wonder if I could interrupt you for a moment.
对不起，能不能打扰您一会儿？
These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea.
这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野。
It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.不断提问打断演讲者是不礼貌的。
Sorry for interrupting you, but could you answer a question？对不起，打断一下，能回答一个问题吗？
interruption n. 打断；打扰
without interruption 不间断地，继续不断地
I managed to work for two hours without interruption.
我总算连续工作了两小时。
[比较]　interrupt/disturb
·interrupt指的是打断别人的交谈，或是正在进行的事情；
·disturb指的是别人在专心做某件事情，或是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was angry at being interrupted ________ such silly questions in his speech.
②Their conversation ________ (interrupt) by a phone call from Nina.
③Sorry ________ (interrupt), but there's someone to see you.
④The functions of our government continue without ________ (interrupt).
完成句子
⑤Andy's thoughts ________________ (突然被打断) a sharp voice.
⑥________________________________ (对不起打扰一下), but I have to remind you of the time.
选词填空：interrupt/disturb
⑦I'll see my patient now and we are not to ________．
⑧It is not polite to ________ when someone is talking.
14)conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；带领；举止；传导　vi. & vt.指挥　n．行为，举止　conductor n．乐队等的指挥；售票员；导体)
(教材原句)You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts, but could you please tell us more about protection？您已经告诉了我们很多您是如何进行营救的，但是您能告诉我们更多关于保护的事情吗？
conduct oneself 表现；为人
conduct sb. around 引导某人参观……
conduct sb. into 领某人进入……
conduct sb. through 领某人穿过……
conduct an experiment 进行实验
conduct an orchestra/a choir 指挥管弦乐队/合唱团
conduct a survey/interview 进行调查/面试
conduct activities 开展活动
Despite many failures, they continued to conduct the experiment.尽管失败了许多次，他们仍继续进行实验。
Copper is a good medium for conducting heat.
铜是传热的良导体。
The business is conducted from small offices in Beijing.
这个买卖是在北京的小办公室里进行的。
The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.要做到这一点，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居应该做的那样。
He has recently begun a successful career conducting opera.
他最近成功地开始了指挥歌剧的生涯。
The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.
导游引导我们游览了古城遗迹。
The receptionist conducted me into the room.
接待员把我领进了房间。
The visitors were conducted through the Palace Museum.
参观者被领着参观故宫博物院。
He is famous for his good conduct.他因良好的行为而闻名。
Who is the conductor of tonight's concert
谁是今晚音乐会的指挥？
[归纳拓展]
an opera/an orchestra/a symphony conductor歌剧/管弦乐队/交响乐指挥
a bus conductor公共汽车售票员
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The way he conducts ________ (he) is the reflection of his family education.
②It is his duty to conduct the visitors ________ the whole park.
③A fire drill will ________ (conduct) in your residence hall every semester.
④To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
⑤The bus ________ (conduct) collected money from the passengers.
写出句中conduct的词性及含义
⑥Who is conducting the orchestra tonight？____________
⑦Most plastics do not readily conduct heat or electricity.____________
⑧To find out, British scientists conducted a study.____________
⑨Any conduct harmful to the public interest must not be permitted.____________
15)protection n．保护；防护)
the protection of... 对……的保护
under one's protection＝under the protection of sb.
在某人的保护下
offer/provide protection (against...)
提供保护(免受……侵害)
environmental protection＝the protection of the environment
环境保护
protection against pollution 防止污染
He's devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他终生致力于对珍稀动物的保护。
They travelled under the protection of a number of soldiers.
他们在一些士兵的护卫下旅行。
[拓展]
protect v. 保护；防护
protective adj. 保护的；防护的；爱护的
protect (sb./sth.) from/against... 保护(某人/某事物)以免受到……的伤害
Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attacks.
运动不仅会降低血压，而且有可能防止心脏病发作。
A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.
做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。
[语境助记]　Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.4月22日的地球日是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Little children live ________ the protection of their parents.
②Living away from the ________ (protect) of parents, I am growing up in a rapid speed.
③She's too ________ (protect) towards her children; she should let them be more independent.
④________ protection of intellectual property rights has been a hot topic in the past few years.
⑤They felt strongly that their products should be protected ________ competition from foreign imports.
16)nearby adv.附近　adj.附近的，邻近的)
(教材原句)．..when someone is nearby.……在附近有人时。
live nearby 住在附近(adv.)
a nearby town 附近的一个小镇(adj.)
During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to buy some small things she needs.
然而，在工作日，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西。
The hospital nearby is a big one.附近的这家医院很大。
He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby.他可能很容易被住在附近的人看到。
[易混比较]　nearby/nearly/near
词条 词性 词义 用法
nearby adj. & adv. 附近的；附近 无比较等级
nearly adv. 差不多，几乎，将近 表示程度
near adj., adv. & prep. 接近；在附近；在……附近 比较级与最高级分别为nearer, nearest
[特别提醒]
nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。
a nearby hotel＝a hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆
[即学即练]　完成句子
①He works in ________________________________ (附近的警察局).
②He usually trades ______________________________ (在附近的超市).
③Small local shops stop being economic when a supermarket ____________________________ (在附近开设).
17)breathe vi. & vt.呼吸　breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气　breathless adj.屏息的；气喘吁吁的)
(教材原句)．..shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
……大声叫喊会让你吸入大量有害的灰尘。
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负，松了口气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
hold/catch one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
The doctor asked me to breathe in, and then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
如果你在户外运动，你的身体将学会更深地呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
尽管如此，当赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。
He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
[语境助记]
I was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶时，我已经上气不接下气了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is difficult to ________ (breath) at these altitudes.
②In the morning I open the window wide and breathe ________ deeply.
③I was a little ________ (breath) and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.
④Running was really hard at first because I ran out of ________ (breathe) quickly.
⑤Take ________ deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater.
完成句子
⑥I got ________________ (上气不接下气) running up the hill from the station.
⑦At parties, I don't like to be with people who ______________________ (呼出烟雾) all over me.
第二版块|重要短语
1)sound like听起来像……)
sound v. 听起来；(使)发出声音
n. 声音
adj. 完好的；(睡觉)酣畅的
(1)sound like＋n.
That sounds like a good idea.那听起来像个好主意。
The story sounds like fun.这故事听起来有趣。
(2)sound like＋n.＋v. ing
That sounds like a child crying.
那听起来像是有个小孩子在哭叫。
(3)
sound＋adj. 听起来……
sound＋as if/as though从句 听起来好像
Your idea sounds great.你的主意听起来太棒了。
His excuse sounds convincing.他的理由听起来可信。
It sounds as if/as though you had a great time in Paris.
听起来你们好像在巴黎玩得很开心。
[注意]　口语中it sounds like或it sound＋adj.常省略it。如：
Sounds/It sounds great.听起来不错。
Sounds/It sounds like fun.听起来好像很有趣。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①—Albert's birthday is next Saturday, and I'm planning a surprise party for him.
—__________________________ (听起来好像很有趣). I'll bring some wine.
②If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could ________________ (听起来很不错).
③It sounds as if/though you ________________________ (什么都知道了).
④Your voice ______________________ (听起来像) you have a cold.
2)run out用完；耗尽；过期，跑出)
(教材原句)．..unfortunately, we've run out of time.
……不幸的是，我们没时间了。
run out/run out of
run out是不及物动词词组，意为“……耗尽/跑出”等，不用于被动语态；
run out of是及物动词词组，意为“用完……，耗尽……”等，其后跟宾语，可用于被动语态。
We'd just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out.
我们刚到达高速公路，汽油就用光了。
We'd better do the shopping, because time is running out.
我们最好还是去买东西，因为时间不多了。
We've nearly run out of paper. Do you think there's enough for today？我们的纸差不多已经用完了。你看今天够用吗？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.我们都认识一些人，他们在达到人生的一半之前就已经失去了动力。
[一言辨异]　Her money has run out and she is also running out of her patience.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也快耗尽了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Their luck had simply run ________. Still, never fear.
②I have run out ________ patience with her.
选词填空：run out/run out of
③It looks as if oil will ____________ faster than coal.
④They'll ____________ their daily necessities.
完成句子
⑤Most of the students were able to ________________________ (跑出来) when the building began to shake.
⑥I decided to paint the bathroom ceiling but ______________________ (筋疲力尽) halfway through.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________ (痛苦) of other people shocks me.
2．Despite numerous failures, they continued to ________ (进行) the experiment without flagging.
3．It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide ________ (保护) for their children.
4．The landslide shook the foundations of the houses ________ (在附近).
5．The air was full of dust that we could hardly ________ (呼吸).
6．How do accounting records ________ (操作)
7．Every year nine million ________ (海外的) visitors come to the city.
8．It was completely refurbished in 1987, with the addition of a picnic ________ (场所).
9．Your ________ (职责) will include setting up a new shelter.
10．The drought has led to widespread ________ (丧失) of life.
11．The blast had serious effects with quite extensive ________ (损害) to the house.
12．We cannot ________ (测量) damage directly. It can only be estimated.
13．________ (救援) planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
14．They made no ________ (企图) to escape and just were frightened.
15．People who are self focused tend to ________ (打断讲话).
16．The ________ (死亡) of her daughter trapped her in despair.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in the process, at a loss, take pride in, in operation, sound like, breathe out, in an attempt to
1．The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then ____________．
2．It doesn't ____________ that an explorer is talking to another explorer.
3．His parents ____________ his bravery.
4．Temporary traffic controls are ____________ on New Road.
5．I was moving a sledge and I twisted my ankle ____________．
6．Two factories were closed ____________ cut costs and overuse.
7．Obviously price promotions generally run ____________， otherwise there would be more of them.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．This trivial error could cause serious damage ________ the country's economy.
2．She lived entirely by spiritual values, in a world of poetry and ________ (imagine).
3．She has self focused ________ (tough) that does not come about by chance.
4．Even if the explorer suffered ________ a lot of difficulties, he never gave in.
5．Such a site is widely believed to offer protection ________ a number of enemies.
6．It took ________ (rescue) 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.
7．The birth of her son was a limiting ________ (interrupt) to her career.
8．History is much more than the study of ________ (dust) old objects and past events.
9．The emphasis is very much on ________ (learn) the error.
10．Local residents have joined a battle ________ the council over the lack of parking facilities.
B
1．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]A study ________ (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
2．[2022·全国甲卷]The next week we walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ________ (breathe), Steve got down on one knee.
3．[2020·浙江二考]Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
4．[北京卷]In today's information age, the ________ (lose) of data can cause serious problems for a company.
5．[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]Once the registration form is received and ________ (process), we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
6．[2021·全国乙卷]We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement ________ (operate).
7．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing spiritual damage ________ our children.
8．[2019·天津一考]Perhaps what's most important here is that these ________ (measure) can be changed.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对。
Now that ________________________， she did seem to be in a strange mood.
2．对这个探险已进行了大量研究。
There's been ________________________ research into the exploration.
3．据说世界上的淡水将会耗尽，对人类来说这将是一场灾难。
It is said that the world would ______________________ fresh water, which is a disaster to human beings.
4．遵守规则是每个人的责任，这样才能使我们的社会有秩序，运行在正确的轨道上。
________________________________ to observe rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
5．她不厌其烦地想弄清楚要如何证明我的能力。
She ______________________________ find out how to prove my ability.
Section C　Lesson 2　Professional Rescue Team
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．rescue　2.trap　3.attempt　4.vehicle　5.damage
6．measure　7.battle　8.duty　9.lamp
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．interruption　2.death　3.loss　4.measurement
5．operation　6.suffering　7.conductor　8.protection
9．breathe　10.dusty
Ⅲ.重点短语
A
1．森林火灾　2.火山爆发　3.救援车辆　4.专业救援队
5．海外救援行动　6.减少痛苦　7.为……感到自豪/骄傲　8.实施救援行动　9.远离　10.敲击墙壁
B
1．save lives　2.trained dogs　3.a very challenging process　4.a battle against time　5.It's one's duty to do sth.
6．breathe in a dangerous amount of dust　7.run out of　8.so as to do sth.
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①were rescued　②to　③from　④rescuers　⑤her
2．①in　②a　③was trapped　④into　⑤was trapped in
3．①in　②at　③to find　④attempted　⑤at
4．①dead　②to　③dying　④deadly　⑤death　⑥at death's door　⑦dead silence　⑧a matter of life and death
5．①loss　②a　③lost　④at　⑤losses　⑥made a loss
⑦lose his way
6．①to　②is damaged　③damaged　④destroyed　⑤ruin　⑥damaged
7．①to　②beyond　③to improve　④measures
⑤measurement　⑥measured　⑦measures 25 feet across　⑧took effective measures
8．①in　②operation　③on　④into　⑤operator　⑥into
⑦in operation　⑧come into operation　⑨be operated on
9．①the　②into　③have been processed　④in　⑤to process
⑥名词，过程　⑦动词，加工
10．①battles　②for　③over　④with　⑤battled
11．①a　②on　③off　④It　⑤to bring　⑥off duty
⑦I think it my duty
12．①suffering　②sufferer　③suffered　④from
13．①with　②was interrupted　③to interrupt
④interruption　⑤were suddenly interrupted by
⑥Sorry to interrupt　⑦be disturbed　⑧interrupt
14．①himself　②around　③be conducted　④conducted
⑤conductor　⑥动词，指挥　⑦动词，传导　⑧动词，进行
⑨名词，行为
15．①under　②protection　③protective　④The
⑤against/from
16．①the nearby police station　②at the nearby supermarket
③opens up nearby
17．①breathe　②in　③breathless　④breath　⑤a　⑥out of breath　⑦breathe out smoke
第二版块|重要短语
1．①Sounds like fun　②sound wonderful　③have known everything　④sounds as if
2．①out　②of　③run out　④run out of　⑤run out　⑥ran out of steam
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．suffering　2.conduct　3.protection　4.nearby　5.breathe
6．operate　7.overseas　8.site　9.duties　10.loss　11.damage　12.measure　13.Rescue　14.attempt　15.interrupt　16.death
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．breathe out　2.sound like　3.take pride in　4.in operation
5．in the process　6.in an attempt to　7.at a loss
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．to　2.imagination　3.toughness　4.from　5.against
6．rescuers　7.interruption　8.dusty　9.learning　10.with
B
1．答案与解析：conducted　A study与conduct之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。句意：例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中较绿色的地区犯罪率较低。
2．答案与解析：breath　catch one's breath喘口气。句意：第二个星期，我们一起遛狗。那天很热。当我们停下来喘口气时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。
3．答案与解析：to control　attempt后常跟不定式作定语。句意：公元前10000年后的一段时间，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。
4．答案与解析：loss　loss意为“丢失”，名词作主语。句意：在当今信息时代，数据的丢失可能给一个企业带来严重的问题。
5．答案与解析：processed　根据空格前面and可推断，所填词与and前面的received对等，故填过去分词。句意：报名表格收到并处理后，我们将于两个工作日内发送邮件确认。
6．答案与解析：operation　句意：我们有一位女性患者，她刚做完膝关节置换手术，正在康复中。
7．答案与解析：to　do damage to对……造成伤害。句意：我非常害怕我们说的谎话会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。
8．答案与解析：measures　由空前的these可知，此处用复数形式。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．you mention it　2.an amount of　3.run out of　4.It is everybody's duty　5.takes the trouble to(共128张PPT)
Section D　Lesson 3　Race to the Pole
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 滑雪板
vi. 滑雪
2．________________ n. 基地，大本营；基础
vt. 以……为基地
3．________________ n. 上校；队长；组长
4．________________ n. 极地的，地极的
5．________________ n. 帐篷
6．________________ n. 洲，大洲；大陆
7．________________ n. 雪橇
ski
base
captain
polar
tent
continent
sledge
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．honest adj.诚实的→________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直
2．sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的→________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实→________ adv.真诚地；诚实地
3．brave adj.勇敢的→________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为
4．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→________ adj.有雄心的
5．cheer v．欢呼；喝彩→________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
6．distance n．距离→________ adj.久远的；遥远的
honesty
sincerity
sincerely
bravery
ambitious
cheerful
distant
7．explore v．探索，勘探→________ n．探险者；勘察者→________ n．探险；探索
8．prepare v．准备→________ n．预备，准备
9．anxious adj.焦虑的→________ adv.焦虑地；不安地→________ n．焦虑；不安；担心
10．prove vt.证明；证实→________ n．证明；证实
explorer
exploration
preparation
anxiously
anxiety
proof
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What did Captain Scott use to pull the sledges
A．Horses. B．Dogs.
C．Donkeys. D．Cats.
A
2．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A．Less than one month.
B．Less than two months.
C．More than two months.
D．More than three months.
D
3．What did Captain Scott and his four members do on their way back
A．They saved some penguins.
B．They did some scientific research.
C．They lost all their food.
D．They carried rocks with them.
D
4．What's the text mainly about
A．A great explorer.
B．Two teams' journey to the South Pole.
C．A worst disaster.
D．A race between two teams.
B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
On 1 June, 1910, on his way to Antarctica, Captain Scott received a message from the Norwegian explorer Amundsen 1.________ said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began.
After making 2.__________ (prepare), Amundsen was the first 3. ______ (leave) on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs 4.________ (pull) the sledges and all his men were on skis. On 14 December, 1911, Amundsen reached the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there. On 25 January, 1912, Amundsen and his team arrived 5.________ (safe) back to their starting base.
which/that
preparations
to leave
pulling
safely
Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911 and soon had problems. The horses used to pull the sledges had difficulties 6.________ the snow and the cold. Therefore, they had to push the sledges themselves. Captain Scott and four team members finally arrived at the Pole, but they 7.__________ (shock) to see the Norwegian flag there.
The return journey was one of the 8.______ (bad) in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Although faced with the hopeless situation, they looked for and carried twenty kilos of rocks all 9.________ way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
with
were shocked
worst
the
Then disaster came. The members died one by one. The news shocked the whole world. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage 10.________ (show) by Scott and his team made them heroes.
shown
[词汇注释]
①captain/'k pt n/n.上校；队长；组长
②begin one's journey to...开始去往……的旅行
③on the way to在去……的路上
④explorer/ k'spl r /n.探险者；勘察者
⑤polar/'p l /adj.极地的，地极的
⑥base/be s/n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
※organise food bases
建立食物储备基地
⑦preparation/ prep 're n/n.预备，准备
※in preparation for准备
make preparations for为……做准备
⑧anxiously/' k sli/adv.
焦虑地，不安地
※wait anxiously for
焦急地等待……
⑨*sledge/sled /n.雪橇
⑩ski/ski /n.滑雪板
vi.滑雪
make rapid progress
进展快
break down停止运转，出故障
have difficulties with
应对……有困难
push the sledges themselves他们自己推雪橇
prepare for准备……
the return journey返程
...day(s) ahead of
比……提前……天
arrive at到达(小地点)
※arrive in到达(大地点)
ambition/ m'b n/n.
抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
※ambitious adj.有雄心的
lose the goal of one's ambition失去了某人雄心壮志的目标
in the history of
在……历史上
(21) exploration/ ekspl 're n/n.探险；探索
(22)cheerful/'t f l/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
※cheer v．喝彩；欢呼
n．欢呼声
(23)put on穿上；戴上
(24)slower and slower越来越慢
(25) on one's way back
在某人返回的路上
(26)all the way一路上
(27)prove/pru v/vt.证明；证实
※prove that...证实……
proof n．证据
(28)at one time曾经，一度
(29)distant/'d st nt/adj.
久远的；遥远的
※in the distant past在很久以前，在遥远的过去
(30)continent/'k nt n nt/n.洲，大洲；大陆
(31)have a terrible disease
患了严重的疾病
(32)a bad fall重重地摔了一跤
(33)meet the end with
以……挺到最后
(34)carry on继续进行
(35)*tent/tent/n.帐篷
(36)spend time (in) doing...
花费时间做……
(37)full of sadness充满悲伤
(38)pay a price (for)
(为……)付出代价
(39)shock the world震惊全世界
(40)be moved by被……触动
(41)honesty/' n sti/n.坦诚；诚实，正直
(42)sincerity/s n'ser ti/n.
真诚，真挚，诚实
(43)bravery/'bre v ri/n.
勇气；勇敢的行为
(44)fail to do sth.没能做某事
[教材原文]
On 1 June, 1910, Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to② Antarctica. While he was on the way to③ Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer④ Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.[1] Then the race to the South Pole began!
During the polar⑤ summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases⑥ in preparation⑦ for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑧ for spring.
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911.[2] He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑨ and all his men were on skis⑩. Because of this, he made rapid progress . Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves .
[1]句中while引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰a message，此处先行词a message和定语从句被介词短语from the...Amundsen隔开，称为分隔式定语从句。
[2]固定句式：be＋the＋序数词＋动词不定式(作后置定语，修饰“the＋序数词”)。
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey . Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912 after ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912.
They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote in his diary：
“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration21. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation:
“We are very cheerful22, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting on23 our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower24．[3]”
[3]单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。这句话也表达了人们的绝望之情。
However, on their way back25 they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way26 with them. Later, these rocks proved27 that at one time28 in the distant29 past, the continent30 of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease31 and died after a bad fall32. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death：
“He said, ‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ ...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.[4] We all hope to meet the end with33 a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.”
Scott and two of his team members carried on34 and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent35. Scott spent some of his last hours writing36. He wrote a letter full of sadness37 to his wife Kathleen：
“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price to pay38.”
[4]句中but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。分句一中含有宾语从句，分句二中含有让步状语从句和宾语从句。
Scott's diary also told the story of their end：
“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far. It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.[5]”
The news of Scott's death shocked the world39. Even Amundsen was moved by40 Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty41, sincerity42, for bravery43, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to44 win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
[5]句中but连接两个分句；第二个分句中I do not think是否定前移，即I think I can't write more。该句预示了斯科特和他的队友们死亡的结局。
[汉语译文]
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校(captain)离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家(explorer)罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！
在1910—1911年的极地的(polar)夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地(base)，为来年的旅程做准备(preparation)。极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙焦急地(anxiously)等待春天的到来。
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇(sledge)，所有的队员都在滑雪板(ski)上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了(break down)，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。
1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队比计划的行程提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。
1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。
当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
“好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗(ambition)的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。”
他们的回程是探险(exploration)史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：
“我们很高兴(cheerful)，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。”
然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实(prove)，在遥远的(distant)过去，南极洲(continent)曾经被植被覆盖。
然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：
“他说，‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’……我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备点不足11英里的地方，但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷(tent)。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：
“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你。很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事……但付出了多大的代价啊。”
斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
“我们越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实(honesty)、真诚(sincerity)、勇敢(bravery)，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。
第一版块|核心单词
1)preparation n．准备工作；预备，准备)
(教材原句)What preparations do they need to make
他们需要做什么准备？
make preparations for 为……做准备工作
make preparations to do sth. 为做某事做准备
be in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for 为……做准备
I began to make preparations for this journey.
我开始为这次旅行做准备。
I have two more books in preparation.
我还有另外两本书在准备中。
He packed his bags in preparation for the journey.
他收拾好行李，准备旅行。
prepare for 为……做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事(表示动作)
prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做准备
be/get prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备(表示状态)
be/get prepared to do sth. 为做某事做好准备
I prepared to write an article to air my views.
我准备写篇文章来提出自己的看法。
Prepare yourself for a surprise when you go into the room.在你进屋子时，要有个思想准备，别吓一跳。
You must be prepared to give the job your undivided attention.你必须准备好全身心地投入工作。
[拓展]　prepare vt.使做好准备；把……准备好；预备(饭菜)vt. & vi.使(自己)有准备→prepared adj.准备好的；有所准备的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He didn't do any __________ (prepare) for this exam, so he failed.
②Philip was not prepared ________ the question.
③The third book in the series is ______ preparation now.
④I'm not ________ (prepare) to discuss this over the telephone.
⑤As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment ________ preparation for the building's end.
preparations
for　
in　
prepared
in
完成句子
⑥The team has been training hard ______________ (为……做准备) the big game.
⑦I always have to ____________ (为……做准备) yet another move to a new city.
in preparation for
be prepared for
2)captain n．队长；组长；船长；首领；上校
(教材原句)On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica.
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。
She was captain of the basketball team at school.
她过去是校篮球队的队长。
The sailors are asked to take their positions by their captain.
船长要求水手们各就各位。
The captain ordered his men to move forwards.
将军命令士兵向前行进。
[即学即练]　写出句中captain的词性及含义
①The captain brought the men to attention as the general arrived.________
②The captain is careful for the safety of the passengers.________
③The football team captain is a great figure in the school.________
名词，上校
名词，船长
名词，队长
3)base n．基地，大本营，根据地；基础　vt.以……为基地
(教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地，为来年的旅程做准备。
(1)at the base of... 在……底部
have a broad base of 有广泛的……基础
(2)base...on/upon... ……以……为基础，……以……为根据
base our company in Shanghai 把公司基地(总部)设在上海
be based on/upon... 以……为基础/根据
The house is built on a stone base.此房建在石头地基上。
There is a naval/an air base nearby.附近有一座海/空军基地。
The boy is curious about everything to do with the air base.这个男孩对与空军基地有关的一切都很好奇。
Many languages have Latin as their base.
许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。
The temple lies at the base of the mountain.那座庙位于山脚下。
These policies have a broad base of support.
这些政策受到广泛支持。
We should work hard at our lessons so as to lay a good base for our future.
我们应努力学习功课，以便为我们的未来打下良好基础。
We based our conclusion on facts.
我们是以事实作为我们结论的依据的。
My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。
[拓展]　
basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说
Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life.衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must base ourselves ________ the interests of the people.
②She used her family's history as ________ base for her novel.
③A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________ (base) on trust and existing relationships.
④The officers lay flowers ________ the base of the new monument.
⑤The word “media” ________ (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.
on　
a　
is based　
at　
basically
写出句中base的词性及含义
⑥Gunfire was heard at an army base close to the airport.________
⑦Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines._________________
⑧He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.________
名词，基地
动词，以……为基础
名词，基础
4)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
(教材原句)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。
wait anxiously for 焦急地等待……
look anxiously at 忧虑地看着……
be anxious about sth. 为某事担心
be anxious for sth. 渴望某事
be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that... 渴望……(从句谓语用“should＋”动词原形)
Everybody is waiting anxiously for the doctor.
大家都在焦急地等着医生。
I am anxious about the letter because it hasn't arrived.
我为这封信着急，因为它还没有到。
The children are anxious to go to the party.
孩子们渴望去参加聚会。
We were anxious for rescuers to come to our help.
我们渴望着救援人员前来帮助我们。
I'm anxious that I (should) go to a top university.
我渴望去上一所顶尖大学。
He is anxious for success.他渴望成功。
[拓展]　anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑；不安；渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless with anxiety．看着他爬上悬崖，大家都紧张得喘不过气来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'm anxious ________ (see) what the new neighbours are like.
②Jack still can't help being anxious ________ his job interview.
③We waited ________ anxiety for our examination results.
④________ (anxious) she took the dress out of the package and tried it on.
完成句子
⑤The singer _____________ (渴望) the prize.
⑥She ________________ (焦急地看着) her parents as if waiting for forgiveness.
to see　
about　
with　
Anxiously
was anxious for
looked anxiously at
5)ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪(→skier n．滑雪者skiing n．滑雪运动)
go skiing 去滑雪
ski suits/boots/resorts 滑雪服/滑雪靴/滑雪胜地
a pair of skis 一副滑雪板
waterski 滑水橇
I'll have the express delivery service send my ski.
我将用快递把滑雪板寄过去。
They skied down the mountain.他们滑雪下山。
The students often go skiing during winter vacation.
学生们在寒假期间经常去滑雪。
She is a skier who is unafraid of danger.
她是一名敢于冒险的滑雪者。
Cross country skiing remained the weak spot of the Chinese team.越野滑雪仍是中国队的弱项。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①That store specialises in imported ________ (ski).
②Do you find ________ (ski) or jogging more to your taste
③He was also an expert sailor, diver and ________ (ski).
完成句子
④Many skiers are happy to give up a summer vacation to _________ (去滑雪).
skis　
skiing　
skier　
go skiing
6)ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
(教材原句)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。
have an ambition to do sth. 渴望做某事
have an ambition of doing sth. 有做某事的愿望
have an ambition for sth. 渴望获得……
a lack of ambition 缺乏抱负
be full of ambition 充满野心
achieve/fulfill/realise an ambition 实现夙愿
One's ambition is to be/do... 某人的理想是成为/做……
She's clever but lacks ambition.她很聪明，但是没有抱负。
Her lifelong ambition was to be a teacher.
当一名教师是她终生追求的目标。
A student who is full of ambition usually studies hard.
一个胸怀大志的学生通常是刻苦学习的。
You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.
如果你努力工作，你将实现你的抱负。
The young man has an ambition to be the greatest physicist in his country.
这个年轻人渴望成为他的国家里最伟大的物理学家。
The politician has an ambition for power.
这个政客心怀权力的野心。
be ambitious for 渴望得到……；对……野心勃勃
be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事
He is ambitious for success.他一心想成功。
[拓展]　ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有强烈愿望的；急切的
The girl is ambitious to be admitted into the key university.女孩渴望被那所重点大学录取。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Ann has an ambition ________ (be) a professor.
②You will not be able to achieve your ________ (ambitious) if you do not work hard.
③One of his greatest ________ (ambition) is to be admitted into a key university.
④Galileo was not merely ________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
完成句子
⑤That statesman is _____________ (充满野心).
⑥She __________________ (渴望赢得) first prize in the Olympics.
to be　
ambition　
ambitions
ambitious　
full of ambition
has the ambition to win
7)cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的；令人愉快的(→cheerfulness n．高兴)
(教材原句)We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
我们很高兴，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。
a cheerful smile/face 愉快的微笑/表情
a cheerful voice 欢快的说话声
a cheerful atmosphere 一种令人愉快的气氛
a cheerful picture 一张赏心悦目的画
feel cheerful 感到愉快
a cheerful employee 快乐的雇员
cheerful personality 开朗的个性
keep sb. cheerful 让某人保持愉快
Your cheerful smile has relieved me of all my worries.
你欢快的微笑把我满心的担忧全驱散了。
Drinking water can really help keep you cheerful.
喝水真的能有助于你保持愉快。

cheer n. 欢呼声；喝彩声
vt. & vi 欢呼；(为……)喝彩；鼓励；(使)振奋
The audience greet his speech with loud cheer.
听众对他的演讲报以高声欢呼。
Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.
在学校组织的音乐会上，大家都为小提琴手喝彩叫好。
I think he misses her terribly. You might cheer him up.
我觉得他太想念她了。你也许能使他振作起来。
Please come to the sports meeting to cheer our team on.
请来运动会为我们队助威。

[拓展]　words of cheer鼓励的话
give a great cheer热烈欢呼
cheer for为……喝彩叫好；为……鼓劲加油
cheer (sb.) up使(某人)振作起来；使(某人)高兴起来
cheer on向……欢呼；为……鼓劲加油
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This restaurant has a ________ (cheer) atmosphere.
②Our friends have a look of ____________ (cheerful).
③The audience gave ________ great cheer when he scored.
④Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.
⑤We did our best to cheer him ________ when he was about to give up.
⑥She was cheered ________ by the news that her father would come to see her the next day.
完成句子
⑦I think it is good and many members even __________ (为……叫好) this idea.
cheerful
cheerfulness
a　
for
on/up
up
cheered for
8)prove vt.证明；证实(→proof n．证据；证明)
(教材原句)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明……
prove to sb. that... 向某人证明……
prove that... 证明……
prove sb. wrong/innocent 证明某人错误/无辜
prove one's point 证明某人的观点
prove sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……
prove oneself (to be) 证明自己是……
it is proved that... ……被证实
He is anxious to find a chance to prove his ability to his boss.他急于找机会向老板证明自己的能力。
Today's state of the art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.今天最先进的原子钟证明了爱因斯坦是对的。
He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives—it's what we make of what happens.他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们如何看待发生的事情，决定了我们的生活。
It is proved that you will succeed faster if you feel yourself happy.事实证明，如果你感觉自己幸福的话，你会成功得更快。
Have you got any proof that you own this bike
你有什么证据证明这辆自行车是你的？
The method proved useful.这个方法证明有用。
For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent.就足球和篮球来说，事实证明往队里增加天才球员是一个好方法，但只能达到天才球员占比70%的上限。

[误区警示]　prove还可作连系动词，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是“prove (to be)＋adj./n.”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The blood on his shoes was a ________ (prove) of his guilt.
②She may prove ________ (be) the most suitable person for the job.
③It ________ (prove) that the man stole some money from the shop.
④He proved ________ (he) a worthy successor to the former Prime Minister.
⑤You will have to prove ______ the police that you were at home that night.
⑥Their experiences prove ______ life is full of changes and possibilities.
proof　
to be　
is proved
himself
to
that
完成句子
⑦She was determined to _________________ (证明所有人错了).
⑧I shall ___________ (向你证明) that the witness is quite unreliable.
prove everyone wrong
prove to you
9)distant adj.久远的；遥远的；冷淡的；远亲的
be distant with 疏远，远离
be distant from... 离……远
the distant past 遥远的过去
in the not too distant future 在不久的将来
To many people, technology means computers, hand held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或能到遥远星球旅行的交通工具。
Her manner was rather distant.她的态度相当冷淡。
She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我的远房表妹。
He is a trouble maker. You must be distant with him.
他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
He remained distant from the people he worked with.
他对同事们敬而远之。
[拓展]　
distance n. 距离；冷淡；远方
distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地，冷淡地
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离
at a distance of... 在……远的地方
within walking distance 在步行就能到的距离内
keep one's distance (from...) (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；对某人冷淡
You can see the mountains in the distance.
你可以看见远处的山。
Oil paintings are to be appreciated at a distance.
油画要在一定的距离外欣赏。
The living quarters for the workers are within walking distance of the factory.工人的住处离工厂很近，步行可以走到。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
要了解她很难，她总是对每个人都保持一定距离。
10.He is distantly related to the family.他与那个家族关系较远。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Your dress looks all right ________ a distance.
②My house is ________ walking distance of the school.
③His friends weren't distant ________ him though he was in debt.
④I encountered many hikers who were headed to a ________ (distance) camp ground with just enough time to get there before dark.
⑤They were too ________ (distant) seated for any conversation.
⑥Glowing plants could reduce this ________ (distant) and therefore help save energy.
at　
within　
from/with
distant
distantly
distance
写出句中distant的含义
⑦A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.________
⑧His stepson is still very distant towards him.________
⑨It snows all the year round in that distant little village.________
完成句子
(10) _____________ (从很远的距离) the child heard a woman's scream.
They have always _________________ (与……保持距离) the neighbours.
远亲的　
疏远的
遥远的
From a distance
kept their distance from
10)honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直
(教材原句)Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.
斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。
with honesty 诚实地，老实地
honesty and integrity 诚实正直
have honesty and integrity to be... 具有成为……的诚实正直品质
have honesty 具有诚实的品质
in all honesty/in honesty 其实，说实话
honesty about... 在某事上的诚实
Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.
公司必须赢得诚信的声誉。
My parents taught me that honesty was always the best policy.
我父母教导我，诚实永远是处世的最佳原则。
I appreciate your honesty about this.
我很欣赏你对待此事的诚实态度。
She had the honesty to admit that her mother was right.
她老老实实地承认妈妈是对的。
In all honesty, the book was not as good as I had expected.
说实话，这本书不像我期待的那么好。
to be honest 老实说；说实话
be honest with 对……诚实；坦诚
to be honest with you 老实跟你说
be honest in 在……方面诚实
be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚
be honest about sth. 对某事没有隐瞒/坦诚；坦诚表达……
To be honest, the house is not quite our style.
说实话，我们不大喜欢这栋房子。
She is always honest with her customers.
她对她的顾客总是诚实的。
He was perfectly honest in telling me the story.
他把这件事老老实实地告诉了我。
[拓展]　honest adj.诚实的；正直的　honestly adv.诚实地；正大光明地
I know she's honest and reliable.我知道她是诚实可靠的。
Try to be honest about how you feel.
尽量不要隐瞒自己的感受。
She fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom.
她为了正义事业和自由而光明正大地斗争。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (be) honest, I didn't want them to be punished.
②She has always been honest ________ me, and I respect her for that.
③My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ________ (honest).
④It came as a shock to hear an old friend speak so ________ (honest) about Ted.
完成句子
⑤_________________ (跟你说实话), I don't remember what he said.
⑥__________ (在……方面诚实) your discussion with your friend.

To be　
with　
honesty　
honestly
To be honest with you
Be honest in
11)sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实(→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的 sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地)
in all sincerity非常真诚地；衷心地(同义短语：from the bottom of one's heart, from one's heart)
His sincerity added much more authority to the story.
他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真诚地说，你一直是我最忠实的朋友。
I don't doubt her sincerity, but I think she's got her facts wrong.我不怀疑她的诚意，但我认为她把事实搞错了。
sincere gratitude 衷心的感谢
a sincere apology 诚恳的道歉
a sincere friend 真诚的朋友
be sincere in 在……是真诚的
Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.
请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。
He offered a sincere apology for his behaviour.
他主动对自己的行为诚恳地道了歉。
He was sincere in his love for literature.
他对文学的爱好是很真诚的。
We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.
我们真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请。

[拓展]　be sincerely thankful for your help由衷地感谢你的帮助
sincerely hope衷心地希望
yours sincerely你真诚的，敬上，谨启(用于正式信件末尾的署名前)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her ________ (sincere) has never been questioned.
②I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.
④She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
⑤I was impressed by her ________ (sincere) so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.
sincerity
sincerely　
in　
in　
sincerity
12)bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为(→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地)
an act of great bravery 非常勇敢的行为
show sb's bravery 展示/显示勇气/无畏精神
require bravery 需要勇气
fight with bravery 英勇战斗
with bravery 勇敢地
He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。
His act of great bravery is praised by the people.
他的英勇行为受到人民的赞扬。
be brave about 对……无所畏惧
be brave to do sth. 勇敢地做某事
It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很勇敢。
The young man's brave deeds brought him honour and glory.这个年轻人的勇敢事迹为他带来了荣耀和赞美。
Let us remember the brave who died for the peace of the world.让我们缅怀为世界和平献身的勇士们。
You have to be brave about the changes in your life.
你必须勇敢地面对生活中的变化。
I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.
我当时没有勇气告诉她我对她的看法。
[拓展]　
brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 n．勇敢的人(the brave)
It takes a great deal of courage to face the situation bravely.大胆地正视这一局面需要很大的勇气。
It is brave of him to save a girl from the burning house.他从着火的房屋中救出女孩，真勇敢。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She was brave enough ________ (go) there alone.
②We ________ (brave) drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten.
③I think you should be brave ________ the challenges you face in work.
④The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend trip to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his ________ (brave).
to go　
bravely　
about　
bravery
第二版块|重要短语
1)break down停止运转，出故障；失败；(精神、身体)垮掉；分解；拆分；消除；禁不住哭出来)
(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
Talks with them broke down last night.
昨晚与他们的谈判失败了。
Your health will break down if you work too hard.
如果你过分辛劳，会把身体搞垮。
Water is readily broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
水可以很容易地分解为氢和氧。
The repairman broke down the washing machine.
维修人员拆开了洗衣机。
She broke down at the news of her mother's death.
听到母亲去世的噩耗，她不禁哭了起来。
[拓展]
break away (from) 离开；逃脱；脱离
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发
break up 破碎；破裂；解散；解体；散会；驱散；放假
break in 插嘴；打断；闯入
break off 中断；折断
break through 冲破；从云层后露出
He broke away from his family and has gone to live in Australia.他离家出走，去澳大利亚定居。
Mary broke off some of the chocolate to give to the children.玛丽把巧克力掰开分给孩子们。
Warm applause broke out after his speech.
他演讲结束后响起了热烈的掌声。
10.The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.
下午太阳终于拨云而出。
11.They are always quarrelling and their relations are breaking up.他们总吵架，他们的关系将要破裂。

[语境助记]　
Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.琼斯的想法已经完全实现了——这种“乐于聊天”的长椅有助于消除阻碍人们打招呼的无形社会障碍。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When does your school break ______？
②Peter's health broke ________ and he was unable to work for a year.
③They attempted to break ________ to form an independent state.
④The river broke ________ its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.
⑤We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________ when the telephone rang.
up　
down　
away　
through　
off
写出句中break down的含义
⑥The washing machine seems to have broken down again.________
⑦She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.________
⑧She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.________
⑨His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details.________
⑩When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.________
出故障
消除　
禁不住哭出来　
失败　
拆分
2)have difficulties with...应对……有困难
They have difficulties with their own language, let alone someone else's.
他们说自己的语言都有困难，更不用说其他人的语言了。
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/problems (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
have some trouble/problems with sth.
在某事方面有些困难/麻烦
have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
毫不费力地做某事
with difficulty 有困难
in difficulty 处在困境中
without difficulty 没有困难
The patient was found having difficulty in breathing.
病人被发现呼吸困难。
If you lack sleep, you might have problems with your memory.如果你缺乏睡眠，你的记忆可能会出问题。
Small amounts of caffeine—a cup or two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts.对大多数人来说，少量咖啡因——每天一杯或两杯咖啡——似乎是安全的。然而，有些人即使是少量也会有麻烦。
He'll have no difficulty in making his way in the world.
他要在这个世界上出人头地是没有什么困难的。
He was going red in the face and breathing with difficulty.他面色发红，费力地喘着气。
[特别提醒]　
difficulty在表示抽象的“困难，费力”时，是不可数名词；在表示具体的“困难，难处”时，是可数名词。如：I'm having difficulty with the engine.我的引擎出了问题。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Teenagers often have difficulty ________ (express) themselves.
②Such people have difficulty ________ simple activities because they are overweight.
③You'd better ask your teacher when you have problems ________ learning English.
④Whenever we have trouble ______ our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
⑤The halls are nothing but rooms, and it is ________ difficulty that the air can be changed in them.
⑥On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble ________ (find) a hotel with a vacancy.
expressing
with　
in　
with　
with　
finding
3)on one's/the way to在某人去……的路上(to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语)
(教材原句)He did his shopping on the way to school.
他在上学的路上买了东西。
He invited people on their way into a coffee shop.
他邀请路过的人去咖啡馆。
on one's way home 在某人回家的路上
on the way to work 在上班的路上
be well on the way to sth./doing sth. 即将达到；将要成为
be well on the way to recovery 快要康复了
be well on the way to becoming a doctor 即将成为医生
[拓展]　by the way顺便提一下
by way of经由，经过
in the/one's way挡路；妨碍
out of the way不再碍事；不再挡路
all the way一路；自始至终
in no way决不
in a way在某种程度上
on the way在路上；即将到达/发生
on the way out开始过时；在离开的途中
no way不可能；没门儿
under way在进行中，已经开始
Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.多年来，简的奶奶一直想写一本儿童读物，但总是被这样或那样的事耽搁了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①宠物是有趣并让人愉快的，但在某种程度上，我们让动物生活在人类的环境中是对动物的伤害。
Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are ________doing harm to animals by making them live in a human environment.
②我挪开腿让她能够过去。
I moved my legs ____________ so that she could get past.
③五月份为期一周的特别活动的准备工作正在顺利开展。
Preparations are well _________ for a week of special events in May.
in a way
out of the way
under way
④我儿子即将成为医生。
My son _______________ becoming a doctor.
⑤他经由俄罗斯到达美国。
He went to America _________ Russia.
⑥他决不能通过作弊通过考试。
_________ can he pass the exam by cheating.
⑦顺便问一下，你要去哪里？
__________ where are you going
is well on the way to
by way of
In no way
By the way
第三版块|疑难句型
1)then置于句首时用倒装语序
(教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。
[句式分析]　本句中，时间副词then位于句首，谓语动词是come，主语是名词，句子需用完全倒装。为保持句子平衡或为突出、强调某些内容，可把副词、形容词、介词短语或分词提到句首，并把句子的谓语动词提前构成完全倒装。
Then came a new difficulty.这时又产生了一个新的难题。
Then began a fierce argument between the two persons.
于是两人之间开始了激烈的争论。
[归纳拓展]　以下情况出现时句子要用完全倒装：
(1)时间副词now置于句首；
(2)地点副词here/there位于句首，谓语是be, come, go, stand, lie, exist等，且主语是名词；
(3)表示方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，且名词作主语；
(4)表语或地点状语(多为介词短语)＋连系动词或实义动词＋主语(名词)。
Now comes your turn to recite the text.现在轮到你背诵课文了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
There lies a new school by the river.河边有一所新学校。
The door opened and in came Mr Gao.
门开了，高老师进来了。
Among these people was his friend Li Ming.
他的朋友李明就在这些人当中。

[语境助记]
There goes the last train.
最后一班火车开走了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①赛跑选手们跑远了。
________________________
②这里存在着另一个严重的问题。
Here ________________________．
③下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
_______________ and up went the umbrellas.
④窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
__________________________ with a magazine in his hand.
⑤然后陈阳和他的朋友们来了。
_________________________________________________________
Away went the runners.
lies another serious problem
Down came the rain
By the window sat a young man
Then came Chen Yang and his friends.
2)have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事)
(教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
[句式分析]　have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；允许/容忍某人做某事(通常用于否定，与won't，can't连用)
He had us laughing all through the meal.
他让我们吃饭时一直笑个不停。
In cold winter we always have the fire burning day and night.在寒冷的冬天，我们总是让炉火日夜燃烧。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)have sb./sth. do sth.让某人/某物做某事，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系(＝get sb. to do sth.)。
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.
如果我外出时碰巧有人来拜访，让他或她留个口信。
(2)have sth. done的两层含义(＝get sth. done)：
①使某事被……(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做)；
We have your medicine prepared now.
我们现在已经给你配药了。
My computer broke down suddenly, and I will have it repaired.我的电脑突然坏了，我要找人修修它。
②某人遭遇、经历(不好的事)。
He had his leg broken while skiing.他滑雪时摔断了腿。

[拓展]　have sth. to do (某人)有某事要做(have是实义动词“有”，to do作后置定语)
I'm sorry, I can't go to the cinema with you—because I have something important to do this evening.对不起，我不能跟你一起去看电影了——因为我今天傍晚有重要事情要做。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can I have the parcel ________ (weigh) here
②We'd be delighted to have you ________ (work) with us.
③He had me ________ (do) all kinds of jobs for him.
完成句子
④Mother ________________ (让我把信寄了) at once.
⑤He ______________ (手烧伤了) in that big fire.
⑥She won't ______________________ (让孩子们迟到).
weighed
working　
doing
had me post the letter
had his hand burnt
have the children arriving late
3)不定式作后置定语
(教材原句)Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。
[句式分析]　该句式中不定式与前面的the first是单纯的修饰关系，并不牵扯未发生的动作。
Who is the first person in the world to land on the moon？谁是世界上第一个登上月球的人？
She is the last person to trust with a secret.
她是最不可能保密的人。
[归纳拓展]　(1)序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后接非谓语动词作定语时，非谓语动词通常使用不定式。
Jane is the first student in our class to come and the last to leave.简是我们班第一个来的学生，也是最后一个离开的学生。
What's the quickest way to get to the railway station
去火车站最快的方法是什么？
(2)next, only, last等词限定名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。
The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes.接下来要做的是让机器开五分钟。
If you are the last student to leave the room, remember to turn off the lights.
如果你是最后一个离开房间的学生，记得关灯。
(3)ability, chance, excuse, promise, attempt, belief, way, right, plan等抽象名词后接不定式作定语。
I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.
我不相信他来访的诺言。
He said he had no plans to go abroad.他说他没有出国的计划。

[特别提醒]　名词前尽管有序数词修饰，但后面也可以有过去分词短语作定语，表示被动和动作已经发生。
He's the first student sent abroad for further education.他是第一个被派往国外深造的学生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You can ask that girl standing there for she is the third ________ (reach) the spot.
②—The last one ________ (arrive) pays the meal.
—Agreed.
③The best way ________ (learn) is to learn by experience.
④The only thing for you ________ (do) is apologise to her.
⑤George, you are no longer a little boy. You should have the ability ________ (tell) right from wrong.
⑥The most useful way ________ (prevent) the spread of the disease is to wash hands with soap and water.
to reach
to arrive　
to learn　
to do　
to tell　
to prevent
4)否定转移)
(教材原句)It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。
[句式分析]　宾语从句的否定词前移到主句上，即形式上是否定主句，但意义上是否定宾语从句。
否定转移的条件：
主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等；
主句主语是第一人称；主句时态是一般现在时。
I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
我觉得他的发言与我们正在讨论的话题不相关，他没有抓住要领。(be relevant to与……有关；切题)
I don't suppose he will give up his present job.
我认为他不会放弃现在的工作。
I don't believe he can finish his homework in time.
我认为他不会按时完成作业。
She thinks she can't arrive here on time.
她认为她不能按时到这儿。
[注意]　
(1)如果主句主语不是第一人称则不能用否定转移。
(2)反义疑问部分，要跟从句的人称和时态一致，且不再用否定词。
I don't think he can swim, can he
[即学即练]　完成句子
①对不起，我想我并不认识您。
I'm sorry, but I ________ I know you.
②I don't believe he will come, ______ (他会吗)
③I don't think you've met Xiao Wang, _______ (是吗)
④I don't think you can go there by bus, _______ (你能吗)
翻译句子
⑤我认为他不会通过考试的。
__________________________________________________________
don't think
will he
have you
can you
I don't think he will pass the exam.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．That made me anxiously mad and determined to ________ (证明) him wrong.
2．It proves that things will improve in the not too ________ (遥远的) future.
3．He explored alone the whole ________ (大陆) of Africa from east to west.
4．My parents taught me that ________ (诚实) is always the best policy.
5．We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of ________ (勇敢), honesty or courage.
6．He was determined to give his exploration a secure and solid ________ (基础).
prove　
distant　
continent
honesty
bravery
base
7．This amazing tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most ________ (令人愉快的) holiday scenes.
8．Every ________ (焦虑的) person will have his or her own special suffering.
9．She never achieved her ________ (夙愿) of becoming a famous explorer.
10．His ________ (探索) of the mystery brings insight into the American.
11．Careful ________ (准备) for the exploration is essential.
cheerful
anxious
ambition　
exploration
preparation
12．Finally, the young ________ (探险者) arrived in what was called the valley of death by the locals.
13．The ________ (滑雪板) was disconnected from the boot.
14．The ________ (船长) knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.
15．There was a period of excessive warmth which melted some of the ________ (极地的) ice.
explorer
ski　
captain
polar
Ⅱ.短语填空
in preparation for, on the way, put on, break down, carry on, make progress, at one time, anxious for
1．_________， walking across the crowded street took all her strength.
2．His eldest son Joseph __________ his father's traditions—rescuing the wildlife in danger.
3．The analysis shows that plastics, particularly those that _________ fast, are contributing to the climate change.
4．The band is hoping to _______ an amazing show before the end of the year.
At one time
carried on
break down
put on
5．The forecasters say more hurricanes are ____________．
6．The medical community continues to ____________ in the fight against cancer.
7．The army has been training hard ______________ the big battle.
8．Parents are naturally _________ their children and want to give them the best protection.
on the way
make progress
in preparation for
anxious for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．________ (distant), to her right, she could make out the new shelter.
2．Henry variously stayed ahead ________ the others in the academic subjects.
3．She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job based on her major.
4．Mary and Colin were much alarmed and talked together ________ (anxious).
5．The captain produced two reports based _____ the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
6．When I'm down or tired, I prefer activities that can cheer me ________， such as skiing and skating.
Distantly
of
to finish
anxiously
on
up
B
1．[全国Ⅲ卷]But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term ________ (rest).
2．[天津二卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ________ (take).
1．答案与解析：resting　spend...doing sth.花费……做某事。句意：但是不像她学校里的朋友，16岁的萨拉没有拿半个学期来休息。
2．答案与解析：taken　have sth. done使某事被做。
3．[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]When the ________ (explorer) first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
4．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ________ (ambition) yet simpler time.
3．答案与解析：explorers　探险家不止一人，故用复数形式。句意：当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样的野生动物，令人吃惊。
4．答案与解析：ambitious　用形容词作定语修饰time。句意：(这本书的)语言几乎令人陶醉，一位年老的作家回顾着一个雄心勃勃但却更单纯的时代。
5．[2021·北京卷]Interestingly, the ________ (cheerful) the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
6．[2022·全国甲卷]However, after I went to high school, somehow I became ________ (distance) from him.
7．[天津二卷]To help us prepare ________ the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
5．答案与解析：more cheerful　“the＋比较级．.. the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。句意：有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快。
6．答案与解析：distant　此处became是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。句意：然而，在我上了高中后，不知怎么地，我和他变得疏远了。
7．答案与解析：for　prepare for为……做准备。句意：为了帮助我们备考，老师建议通读我们的笔记。
8．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.
9．[天津二卷]________ (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
8．答案与解析：is based　be based on以……为基础。句意：重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。
9．答案与解析：Anxiously　副词作状语修饰整个句子。句意：我焦虑地上床睡觉，梦想着我将在这座神奇的山的山顶上发现什么。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我认为他决不会同意。
____________ for a minute that he'll agree.
2．我不能让你独自一人走回家。
I won't ___________________ all by yourself.
3．她是第一个陷入漩涡的人。
She was ____________________ the whirlpool.
4．(有人)发现病人呼吸困难。
The patient was perceived to ______________ breathing.
I don't suppose
have you walking home
the first person to trap into
have difficulty in
5．我们希望我们两国关系史上这一不愉快的阶段将很快结束。
It is our hope that this unhappy chapter ____________ relations between our two countries will soon come to an end.
6．这是一道简单易做的菜。
___________ that is simple and quick to make.
7．这项研究还有助于证明，像真诚等性格是孩子一生成功的关键。
This research also helps to __________ characteristics such as sincerity—are ______ a child's life success.
8．他想家，但却竭力表现得很高兴。
He felt homesick, but ________________ to appear cheerful.
in the history of
Here's a dish
prove that
key to
made a brave attemptSection D　Lesson 3　Race to the Pole
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．________________ n. 滑雪板
vi. 滑雪
2．________________ n. 基地，大本营；基础
vt. 以……为基地
3．________________ n. 上校；队长；组长
4．________________ n. 极地的，地极的
5．________________ n. 帐篷
6．________________ n. 洲，大洲；大陆
7．________________ n. 雪橇
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．honest adj.诚实的→________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直
2．sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的→________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实→________ adv.真诚地；诚实地
3．brave adj.勇敢的→________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为
4．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→________ adj.有雄心的
5．cheer v．欢呼；喝彩→________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
6．distance n．距离→________ adj.久远的；遥远的
7．explore v．探索，勘探→________ n．探险者；勘察者→________ n．探险；探索
8．prepare v．准备→________ n．预备，准备
9．anxious adj.焦虑的→________ adv.焦虑地；不安地→________ n．焦虑；不安；担心
10．prove vt.证明；证实→________ n．证明；证实
Ⅰ.课文思维导图
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．What did Captain Scott use to pull the sledges
A．Horses. B．Dogs.
C．Donkeys. D．Cats.
2．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A．Less than one month.
B．Less than two months.
C．More than two months.
D．More than three months.
3．What did Captain Scott and his four members do on their way back
A．They saved some penguins.
B．They did some scientific research.
C．They lost all their food.
D．They carried rocks with them.
4．What's the text mainly about
A．A great explorer.
B．Two teams' journey to the South Pole.
C．A worst disaster.
D．A race between two teams.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
On 1 June, 1910, on his way to Antarctica, Captain Scott received a message from the Norwegian explorer Amundsen 1.________ said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began.
After making 2.________ (prepare), Amundsen was the first 3.________ (leave) on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs 4.________ (pull) the sledges and all his men were on skis. On 14 December, 1911, Amundsen reached the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there. On 25 January, 1912, Amundsen and his team arrived 5.________ (safe) back to their starting base.
Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911 and soon had problems. The horses used to pull the sledges had difficulties 6.________ the snow and the cold. Therefore, they had to push the sledges themselves. Captain Scott and four team members finally arrived at the Pole, but they 7.________ (shock) to see the Norwegian flag there.
The return journey was one of the 8.________ (bad) in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Although faced with the hopeless situation, they looked for and carried twenty kilos of rocks all 9.________ way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came. The members died one by one. The news shocked the whole world. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage 10.________ (show) by Scott and his team made them heroes.
[词汇注释]
①captain/'k pt n/n.上校；队长；组长
②begin one's journey to...开始去往……的旅行
③on the way to在去……的路上
④explorer/ k'spl r /n.
探险者；勘察者
⑤polar/'p l /adj.极地的，地极的
⑥base/be s/n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
※organise food bases
建立食物储备基地
⑦preparation/ prep 're n/n.预备，准备
※in preparation for准备
make preparations for
为……做准备
⑧anxiously/' k sli/adv.
焦虑地，不安地
※wait anxiously for
焦急地等待……
⑨*sledge/sled /n.雪橇
⑩ski/ski /n.滑雪板
vi.滑雪
make rapid progress
进展快
break down停止运转，出故障
have difficulties with
应对……有困难
push the sledges themselves他们自己推雪橇
prepare for准备……
the return journey返程
...day(s) ahead of
比……提前……天
arrive at到达(小地点)
※arrive in到达(大地点)
ambition/ m'b n/n.
抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
※ambitious adj.有雄心的
lose the goal of one's ambition失去了某人雄心壮志的目标
in the history of
在……历史上
(21) exploration/ ekspl 're n/n.探险；探索
(22)cheerful/'t f l/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
※cheer v．喝彩；欢呼
n．欢呼声
(23)put on穿上；戴上
(24)slower and slower越来越慢
(25) on one's way back
在某人返回的路上
(26)all the way一路上
(27)prove/pru v/vt.证明；证实
※prove that...
证实……
proof n．证据
(28)at one time曾经，一度
(29)distant/'d st nt/adj.
久远的；遥远的
※in the distant past在很久以前，在遥远的过去
(30)continent/'k nt n nt/n.洲，大洲；大陆
(31)have a terrible disease
患了严重的疾病
(32)a bad fall重重地摔了一跤
(33)meet the end with
以……挺到最后
(34)carry on继续进行
(35)*tent/tent/n.帐篷
(36)spend time (in) doing...
花费时间做……
(37)full of sadness充满悲伤
(38)pay a price (for)
(为……)付出代价
(39)shock the world震惊全世界
(40)be moved by被……触动
(41)honesty/' n sti/n.坦诚；诚实，正直
(42)sincerity/s n'ser ti/n.
真诚，真挚，诚实
(43)bravery/'bre v ri/n.
勇气；勇敢的行为
(44)fail to do sth.没能做某事
[教材原文]
On 1 June, 1910, Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to② Antarctica. While__he__was__on__the__way__to③__Antarctica,__he__received__a__message__from__the__Norwegian__explorer④__Roald__Amundsen__which__said__he__was__going__south,__too.[1] Then the race to the South Pole began!
During the polar⑤ summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases⑥ in preparation⑦ for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑧ for spring.
Amundsen__was__the__first__to__leave__on__8__September,__1911.[2] He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑨ and all his men were on skis⑩. Because of this, he made rapid progress . Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves .
[1]句中while引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰a message，此处先行词a message和定语从句被介词短语from the...Amundsen隔开，称为分隔式定语从句。
[2]固定句式：be＋the＋序数词＋动词不定式(作后置定语，修饰“the＋序数词”)。
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey . Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912 after ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912.
They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote in his diary：
“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration21. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation:
“We are very cheerful22, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting__on23__our__shoes__in__the__morning__is__getting__slower__and__slower24．[3]”
[3]单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。这句话也表达了人们的绝望之情。
However, on their way back25 they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way26 with them. Later, these rocks proved27 that at one time28 in the distant29 past, the continent30 of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease31 and died after a bad fall32. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death：
“He said, ‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ ...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but__though__we__tried__to__stop__him,__we__knew__that__it__was__the__act__of__a__brave__man__and__an__English__gentleman.[4] We all hope to meet the end with33 a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.”
Scott and two of his team members carried on34 and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent35. Scott spent some of his last hours writing36. He wrote a letter full of sadness37 to his wife Kathleen：
“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy...but__what__a__price__to__pay38.”
[4]句中but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。分句一中含有宾语从句，分句二中含有让步状语从句和宾语从句。
Scott's diary also told the story of their end：
“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far. It__seems__a__pity,__but__I__do__not__think__I__can__write__more.[5]”
The news of Scott's death shocked the world39. Even Amundsen was moved by40 Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty41, sincerity42, for bravery43, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to44 win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
[5]句中but连接两个分句；第二个分句中I do not think是否定前移，即I think I can't write more。该句预示了斯科特和他的队友们死亡的结局。
[汉语译文]
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校(captain)离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家(explorer)罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！
在1910—1911年的极地的(polar)夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地(base)，为来年的旅程做准备(preparation)。极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙焦急地(anxiously)等待春天的到来。
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇(sledge)，所有的队员都在滑雪板(ski)上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了(break down)，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。
1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队比计划的行程提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。
1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。
当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
“好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗(ambition)的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。”
他们的回程是探险(exploration)史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：
“我们很高兴(cheerful)，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。”
然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实(prove)，在遥远的(distant)过去，南极洲(continent)曾经被植被覆盖。
然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：
“他说，‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’……我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备点不足11英里的地方，但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷(tent)。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：
“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你。很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事……但付出了多大的代价啊。”
斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
“我们越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实(honesty)、真诚(sincerity)、勇敢(bravery)，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。
第一版块|核心单词
1)preparation n．准备工作；预备，准备)
(教材原句)What preparations do they need to make
他们需要做什么准备？
make preparations for 为……做准备工作
make preparations to do sth. 为做某事做准备
be in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for 为……做准备
I began to make preparations for this journey.
我开始为这次旅行做准备。
I have two more books in preparation.
我还有另外两本书在准备中。
He packed his bags in preparation for the journey.
他收拾好行李，准备旅行。
prepare for 为……做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事(表示动作)
prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做准备
be/get prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备(表示状态)
be/get prepared to do sth. 为做某事做好准备
I prepared to write an article to air my views.
我准备写篇文章来提出自己的看法。
Prepare yourself for a surprise when you go into the room.在你进屋子时，要有个思想准备，别吓一跳。
You must be prepared to give the job your undivided attention.你必须准备好全身心地投入工作。
[拓展]　prepare vt.使做好准备；把……准备好；预备(饭菜)vt. & vi.使(自己)有准备→prepared adj.准备好的；有所准备的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He didn't do any ________ (prepare) for this exam, so he failed.
②Philip was not prepared ________ the question.
③The third book in the series is ______ preparation now.
④I'm not ________ (prepare) to discuss this over the telephone.
⑤As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment ________ preparation for the building's end.
完成句子
⑥The team has been training hard ____________________ (为……做准备) the big game.
⑦I always have to ________________ (为……做准备) yet another move to a new city.
2)captain n．队长；组长；船长；首领；上校)
(教材原句)On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica.
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。
She was captain of the basketball team at school.
她过去是校篮球队的队长。
The sailors are asked to take their positions by their captain.
船长要求水手们各就各位。
The captain ordered his men to move forwards.
将军命令士兵向前行进。
[即学即练]　写出句中captain的词性及含义
①The captain brought the men to attention as the general arrived.________
②The captain is careful for the safety of the passengers.________
③The football team captain is a great figure in the school.________
3)base n．基地，大本营，根据地；基础　vt.以……为基地)
(教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地，为来年的旅程做准备。
(1)at the base of... 在……底部
have a broad base of 有广泛的……基础
(2)base...on/upon... ……以……为基础，……以……为根据
base our company in Shanghai 把公司基地(总部)设在上海
be based on/upon... 以……为基础/根据
The house is built on a stone base.此房建在石头地基上。
There is a naval/an air base nearby.附近有一座海/空军基地。
The boy is curious about everything to do with the air base.这个男孩对与空军基地有关的一切都很好奇。
Many languages have Latin as their base.
许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。
The temple lies at the base of the mountain.那座庙位于山脚下。
These policies have a broad base of support.
这些政策受到广泛支持。
We should work hard at our lessons so as to lay a good base for our future.
我们应努力学习功课，以便为我们的未来打下良好基础。
We based our conclusion on facts.
我们是以事实作为我们结论的依据的。
My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。
[拓展]　basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说
Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life.衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must base ourselves ________ the interests of the people.
②She used her family's history as ________ base for her novel.
③A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________ (base) on trust and existing relationships.
④The officers lay flowers ________ the base of the new monument.
⑤The word “media” ________ (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.
写出句中base的词性及含义
⑥Gunfire was heard at an army base close to the airport.________
⑦Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines.________
⑧He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.________
4)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地)
(教材原句)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。
wait anxiously for 焦急地等待……
look anxiously at 忧虑地看着……
be anxious about sth. 为某事担心
be anxious for sth. 渴望某事
be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
be anxious that... 渴望……(从句谓语用“should＋”动词原形)
Everybody is waiting anxiously for the doctor.
大家都在焦急地等着医生。
I am anxious about the letter because it hasn't arrived.
我为这封信着急，因为它还没有到。
The children are anxious to go to the party.
孩子们渴望去参加聚会。
We were anxious for rescuers to come to our help.
我们渴望着救援人员前来帮助我们。
I'm anxious that I (should) go to a top university.
我渴望去上一所顶尖大学。
He is anxious for success.他渴望成功。
[拓展]　anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑；不安；渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless with anxiety．看着他爬上悬崖，大家都紧张得喘不过气来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'm anxious ________ (see) what the new neighbours are like.
②Jack still can't help being anxious ________ his job interview.
③We waited ________ anxiety for our examination results.
④________ (anxious) she took the dress out of the package and tried it on.
完成句子
⑤The singer ____________________ (渴望) the prize.
⑥She ________________ (焦急地看着) her parents as if waiting for forgiveness.
5)ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪(→skier n．滑雪者skiing n．滑雪运动))
go skiing 去滑雪
ski suits/boots/resorts 滑雪服/滑雪靴/滑雪胜地
a pair of skis 一副滑雪板
waterski 滑水橇
I'll have the express delivery service send my ski.
我将用快递把滑雪板寄过去。
They skied down the mountain.他们滑雪下山。
The students often go skiing during winter vacation.
学生们在寒假期间经常去滑雪。
She is a skier who is unafraid of danger.
她是一名敢于冒险的滑雪者。
Cross country skiing remained the weak spot of the Chinese team.越野滑雪仍是中国队的弱项。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①That store specialises in imported ________ (ski).
②Do you find ________ (ski) or jogging more to your taste
③He was also an expert sailor, diver and ________ (ski).
完成句子
④Many skiers are happy to give up a summer vacation to __________________ (去滑雪).
6)ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿)
(教材原句)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。
have an ambition to do sth. 渴望做某事
have an ambition of doing sth. 有做某事的愿望
have an ambition for sth. 渴望获得……
a lack of ambition 缺乏抱负
be full of ambition 充满野心
achieve/fulfill/realise an ambition 实现夙愿
One's ambition is to be/do... 某人的理想是成为/做……
She's clever but lacks ambition.她很聪明，但是没有抱负。
Her lifelong ambition was to be a teacher.
当一名教师是她终生追求的目标。
A student who is full of ambition usually studies hard.
一个胸怀大志的学生通常是刻苦学习的。
You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.
如果你努力工作，你将实现你的抱负。
The young man has an ambition to be the greatest physicist in his country.
这个年轻人渴望成为他的国家里最伟大的物理学家。
The politician has an ambition for power.
这个政客心怀权力的野心。
be ambitious for 渴望得到……；对……野心勃勃
be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事
He is ambitious for success.他一心想成功。
[拓展]　ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有强烈愿望的；急切的
The girl is ambitious to be admitted into the key university.女孩渴望被那所重点大学录取。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Ann has an ambition ________ (be) a professor.
②You will not be able to achieve your ________ (ambitious) if you do not work hard.
③One of his greatest ________ (ambition) is to be admitted into a key university.
④Galileo was not merely ________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
完成句子
⑤That statesman is __________________________ (充满野心).
⑥She ____________________ (渴望赢得) first prize in the Olympics.
7)cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的；令人愉快的(→cheerfulness n．高兴))
(教材原句)We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
我们很高兴，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。
a cheerful smile/face 愉快的微笑/表情
a cheerful voice 欢快的说话声
a cheerful atmosphere 一种令人愉快的气氛
a cheerful picture 一张赏心悦目的画
feel cheerful 感到愉快
a cheerful employee 快乐的雇员
cheerful personality 开朗的个性
keep sb. cheerful 让某人保持愉快
Your cheerful smile has relieved me of all my worries.
你欢快的微笑把我满心的担忧全驱散了。
Drinking water can really help keep you cheerful.
喝水真的能有助于你保持愉快。
cheer n. 欢呼声；喝彩声
vt. & vi 欢呼；(为……)喝彩；鼓励；(使)振奋
The audience greet his speech with loud cheer.
听众对他的演讲报以高声欢呼。
Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.
在学校组织的音乐会上，大家都为小提琴手喝彩叫好。
I think he misses her terribly. You might cheer him up.
我觉得他太想念她了。你也许能使他振作起来。
Please come to the sports meeting to cheer our team on.
请来运动会为我们队助威。
[拓展]　words of cheer鼓励的话
give a great cheer热烈欢呼
cheer for为……喝彩叫好；为……鼓劲加油
cheer (sb.) up使(某人)振作起来；使(某人)高兴起来
cheer on向……欢呼；为……鼓劲加油
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This restaurant has a ________ (cheer) atmosphere.
②Our friends have a look of ________ (cheerful).
③The audience gave ________ great cheer when he scored.
④Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.
⑤We did our best to cheer him ________ when he was about to give up.
⑥She was cheered ________ by the news that her father would come to see her the next day.
完成句子
⑦I think it is good and many members even ____________________ (为……叫好) this idea.
8)prove vt.证明；证实(→proof n．证据；证明))
(教材原句)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明……
prove to sb. that... 向某人证明……
prove that... 证明……
prove sb. wrong/innocent 证明某人错误/无辜
prove one's point 证明某人的观点
prove sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……
prove oneself (to be) 证明自己是……
it is proved that... ……被证实
He is anxious to find a chance to prove his ability to his boss.他急于找机会向老板证明自己的能力。
Today's state of the art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.今天最先进的原子钟证明了爱因斯坦是对的。
He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives—it's what we make of what happens.他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们如何看待发生的事情，决定了我们的生活。
It is proved that you will succeed faster if you feel yourself happy.事实证明，如果你感觉自己幸福的话，你会成功得更快。
Have you got any proof that you own this bike
你有什么证据证明这辆自行车是你的？
The method proved useful.这个方法证明有用。
For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent.就足球和篮球来说，事实证明往队里增加天才球员是一个好方法，但只能达到天才球员占比70%的上限。
[误区警示]　prove还可作连系动词，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是“prove (to be)＋adj./n.”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The blood on his shoes was a ________ (prove) of his guilt.
②She may prove ________ (be) the most suitable person for the job.
③It ________ (prove) that the man stole some money from the shop.
④He proved ________ (he) a worthy successor to the former Prime Minister.
⑤You will have to prove ________ the police that you were at home that night.
⑥Their experiences prove ________ life is full of changes and possibilities.
完成句子
⑦She was determined to ________________________ (证明所有人错了).
⑧I shall __________________________ (向你证明) that the witness is quite unreliable.
9)distant adj.久远的；遥远的；冷淡的；远亲的)
be distant with 疏远，远离
be distant from... 离……远
the distant past 遥远的过去
in the not too distant future 在不久的将来
To many people, technology means computers, hand held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或能到遥远星球旅行的交通工具。
Her manner was rather distant.她的态度相当冷淡。
She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我的远房表妹。
He is a trouble maker. You must be distant with him.
他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
He remained distant from the people he worked with.
他对同事们敬而远之。
[拓展]　
distance n. 距离；冷淡；远方
distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地，冷淡地
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离
at a distance of... 在……远的地方
within walking distance 在步行就能到的距离内
keep one's distance (from...) (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；对某人冷淡
You can see the mountains in the distance.
你可以看见远处的山。
Oil paintings are to be appreciated at a distance.
油画要在一定的距离外欣赏。
The living quarters for the workers are within walking distance of the factory.工人的住处离工厂很近，步行可以走到。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
要了解她很难，她总是对每个人都保持一定距离。
He is distantly related to the family.他与那个家族关系较远。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Your dress looks all right ________ a distance.
②My house is ________ walking distance of the school.
③His friends weren't distant ________ him though he was in debt.
④I encountered many hikers who were headed to a ________ (distance) camp ground with just enough time to get there before dark.
⑤They were too ________ (distant) seated for any conversation.
⑥Glowing plants could reduce this ________ (distant) and therefore help save energy.
写出句中distant的含义
⑦A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.________
⑧His stepson is still very distant towards him.________
⑨It snows all the year round in that distant little village.________
完成句子
(10) ________________ (从很远的距离) the child heard a woman's scream.
They have always ______________________________ (与……保持距离) the neighbours.
10)honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直)
(教材原句)Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.
斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。
with honesty 诚实地，老实地
honesty and integrity 诚实正直
have honesty and integrity to be... 具有成为……的诚实正直品质
have honesty 具有诚实的品质
in all honesty/in honesty 其实，说实话
honesty about... 在某事上的诚实
Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.
公司必须赢得诚信的声誉。
My parents taught me that honesty was always the best policy.
我父母教导我，诚实永远是处世的最佳原则。
I appreciate your honesty about this.
我很欣赏你对待此事的诚实态度。
She had the honesty to admit that her mother was right.
她老老实实地承认妈妈是对的。
In all honesty, the book was not as good as I had expected.
说实话，这本书不像我期待的那么好。
to be honest 老实说；说实话
be honest with 对……诚实；坦诚
to be honest with you 老实跟你说
be honest in 在……方面诚实
be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚
be honest about sth. 对某事没有隐瞒/坦诚；坦诚表达……
To be honest, the house is not quite our style.
说实话，我们不大喜欢这栋房子。
She is always honest with her customers.
她对她的顾客总是诚实的。
He was perfectly honest in telling me the story.
他把这件事老老实实地告诉了我。
[拓展]　honest adj.诚实的；正直的　honestly adv.诚实地；正大光明地
I know she's honest and reliable.我知道她是诚实可靠的。
Try to be honest about how you feel.
尽量不要隐瞒自己的感受。
She fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom.
她为了正义事业和自由而光明正大地斗争。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (be) honest, I didn't want them to be punished.
②She has always been honest ________ me, and I respect her for that.
③My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ________ (honest).
④It came as a shock to hear an old friend speak so ________ (honest) about Ted.
完成句子
⑤____________________ (跟你说实话), I don't remember what he said.
⑥________________________ (在……方面诚实) your discussion with your friend.
11)sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实(→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的 sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地))
in all sincerity非常真诚地；衷心地(同义短语：from the bottom of one's heart, from one's heart)
His sincerity added much more authority to the story.
他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真诚地说，你一直是我最忠实的朋友。
I don't doubt her sincerity, but I think she's got her facts wrong.我不怀疑她的诚意，但我认为她把事实搞错了。
sincere gratitude 衷心的感谢
a sincere apology 诚恳的道歉
a sincere friend 真诚的朋友
be sincere in 在……是真诚的
Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.
请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。
He offered a sincere apology for his behaviour.
他主动对自己的行为诚恳地道了歉。
He was sincere in his love for literature.
他对文学的爱好是很真诚的。
We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.
我们真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请。
[拓展]　be sincerely thankful for your help由衷地感谢你的帮助
sincerely hope衷心地希望
yours sincerely你真诚的，敬上，谨启(用于正式信件末尾的署名前)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Her ________ (sincere) has never been questioned.
②I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.
④She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
⑤I was impressed by her ________ (sincere) so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.
12)bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为(→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地))
an act of great bravery 非常勇敢的行为
show sb's bravery 展示/显示勇气/无畏精神
require bravery 需要勇气
fight with bravery 英勇战斗
with bravery 勇敢地
He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。
His act of great bravery is praised by the people.
他的英勇行为受到人民的赞扬。
　　　　
be brave about 对……无所畏惧
be brave to do sth. 勇敢地做某事
It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很勇敢。
The young man's brave deeds brought him honour and glory.这个年轻人的勇敢事迹为他带来了荣耀和赞美。
Let us remember the brave who died for the peace of the world.让我们缅怀为世界和平献身的勇士们。
You have to be brave about the changes in your life.
你必须勇敢地面对生活中的变化。
I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.
我当时没有勇气告诉她我对她的看法。
[拓展]　brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 n．勇敢的人(the brave)
It takes a great deal of courage to face the situation bravely.大胆地正视这一局面需要很大的勇气。
It is brave of him to save a girl from the burning house.他从着火的房屋中救出女孩，真勇敢。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She was brave enough ________ (go) there alone.
②We ________ (brave) drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten.
③I think you should be brave ________ the challenges you face in work.
④The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend trip to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his ________ (brave).
第二版块|重要短语
1)break down停止运转，出故障；失败；(精神、身体)垮掉；分解；拆分；消除；禁不住哭出来)
(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
Talks with them broke down last night.
昨晚与他们的谈判失败了。
Your health will break down if you work too hard.
如果你过分辛劳，会把身体搞垮。
Water is readily broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
水可以很容易地分解为氢和氧。
The repairman broke down the washing machine.
维修人员拆开了洗衣机。
She broke down at the news of her mother's death.
听到母亲去世的噩耗，她不禁哭了起来。
[拓展]
break away (from) 离开；逃脱；脱离
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发
break up 破碎；破裂；解散；解体；散会；驱散；放假
break in 插嘴；打断；闯入
break off 中断；折断
break through 冲破；从云层后露出
He broke away from his family and has gone to live in Australia.他离家出走，去澳大利亚定居。
Mary broke off some of the chocolate to give to the children.玛丽把巧克力掰开分给孩子们。
Warm applause broke out after his speech.
他演讲结束后响起了热烈的掌声。
The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.
下午太阳终于拨云而出。
They are always quarrelling and their relations are breaking up.他们总吵架，他们的关系将要破裂。
[语境助记]　Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.琼斯的想法已经完全实现了——这种“乐于聊天”的长椅有助于消除阻碍人们打招呼的无形社会障碍。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When does your school break ______？
②Peter's health broke ________ and he was unable to work for a year.
③They attempted to break ________ to form an independent state.
④The river broke ________ its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.
⑤We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________ when the telephone rang.
写出句中break down的含义
⑥The washing machine seems to have broken down again.________
⑦She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.________
⑧She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.________
⑨His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details.________
⑩When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.________
2)have difficulties with...应对……有困难)
They have difficulties with their own language, let alone someone else's.
他们说自己的语言都有困难，更不用说其他人的语言了。
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have trouble/problems (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
have some trouble/problems with sth.
在某事方面有些困难/麻烦
have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
毫不费力地做某事
with difficulty 有困难
in difficulty 处在困境中
without difficulty 没有困难
The patient was found having difficulty in breathing.
病人被发现呼吸困难。
If you lack sleep, you might have problems with your memory.如果你缺乏睡眠，你的记忆可能会出问题。
Small amounts of caffeine—a cup or two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts.对大多数人来说，少量咖啡因——每天一杯或两杯咖啡——似乎是安全的。然而，有些人即使是少量也会有麻烦。
He'll have no difficulty in making his way in the world.
他要在这个世界上出人头地是没有什么困难的。
He was going red in the face and breathing with difficulty.他面色发红，费力地喘着气。
[特别提醒]　difficulty在表示抽象的“困难，费力”时，是不可数名词；在表示具体的“困难，难处”时，是可数名词。如：I'm having difficulty with the engine.我的引擎出了问题。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Teenagers often have difficulty ______ (express) themselves.
②Such people have difficulty ________ simple activities because they are overweight.
③You'd better ask your teacher when you have problems ________ learning English.
④Whenever we have trouble ______ our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
⑤The halls are nothing but rooms, and it is ________ difficulty that the air can be changed in them.
⑥On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble ________ (find) a hotel with a vacancy.
3)on one's/the way to在某人去……的路上(to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语))
(教材原句)He did his shopping on the way to school.
他在上学的路上买了东西。
He invited people on their way into a coffee shop.
他邀请路过的人去咖啡馆。
on one's way home 在某人回家的路上
on the way to work 在上班的路上
be well on the way to sth./doing sth.
即将达到；将要成为
be well on the way to recovery 快要康复了
be well on the way to becoming a doctor
即将成为医生
[拓展]　by the way顺便提一下
by way of经由，经过
in the/one's way挡路；妨碍
out of the way不再碍事；不再挡路
all the way一路；自始至终
in no way决不
in a way在某种程度上
on the way在路上；即将到达/发生
on the way out开始过时；在离开的途中
no way不可能；没门儿
under way在进行中，已经开始
Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.多年来，简的奶奶一直想写一本儿童读物，但总是被这样或那样的事耽搁了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①宠物是有趣并让人愉快的，但在某种程度上，我们让动物生活在人类的环境中是对动物的伤害。
Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are ________________________ doing harm to animals by making them live in a human environment.
②我挪开腿让她能够过去。
I moved my legs ________________________ so that she could get past.
③五月份为期一周的特别活动的准备工作正在顺利开展。
Preparations are well ________________ for a week of special events in May.
④我儿子即将成为医生。
My son ____________________________ becoming a doctor.
⑤他经由俄罗斯到达美国。
He went to America ______________ Russia.
⑥他决不能通过作弊通过考试。
________________________ can he pass the exam by cheating.
⑦顺便问一下，你要去哪里？
________________ where are you going
第三版块|疑难句型
1)then置于句首时用倒装语序)
(教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。
[句式分析]　本句中，时间副词then位于句首，谓语动词是come，主语是名词，句子需用完全倒装。为保持句子平衡或为突出、强调某些内容，可把副词、形容词、介词短语或分词提到句首，并把句子的谓语动词提前构成完全倒装。
Then came a new difficulty.这时又产生了一个新的难题。
Then began a fierce argument between the two persons.
于是两人之间开始了激烈的争论。
[归纳拓展]　以下情况出现时句子要用完全倒装：
(1)时间副词now置于句首；
(2)地点副词here/there位于句首，谓语是be, come, go, stand, lie, exist等，且主语是名词；
(3)表示方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，且名词作主语；
(4)表语或地点状语(多为介词短语)＋连系动词或实义动词＋主语(名词)。
Now comes your turn to recite the text.现在轮到你背诵课文了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
There lies a new school by the river.河边有一所新学校。
The door opened and in came Mr Gao.
门开了，高老师进来了。
Among these people was his friend Li Ming.
他的朋友李明就在这些人当中。
[语境助记]
There goes the last train.
最后一班火车开走了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①赛跑选手们跑远了。
________________________
②这里存在着另一个严重的问题。
Here ________________________．
③下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
________________________ and up went the umbrellas.
④窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
________________ with a magazine in his hand.
⑤然后陈阳和他的朋友们来了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2)have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事)
(教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
[句式分析]　have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；允许/容忍某人做某事(通常用于否定，与won't，can't连用)
He had us laughing all through the meal.
他让我们吃饭时一直笑个不停。
In cold winter we always have the fire burning day and night.在寒冷的冬天，我们总是让炉火日夜燃烧。
[归纳拓展]　
(1)have sb./sth. do sth.让某人/某物做某事，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系(＝get sb. to do sth.)。
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.
如果我外出时碰巧有人来拜访，让他或她留个口信。
(2)have sth. done的两层含义(＝get sth. done)：
①使某事被……(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做)；
We have your medicine prepared now.
我们现在已经给你配药了。
My computer broke down suddenly, and I will have it repaired.我的电脑突然坏了，我要找人修修它。
②某人遭遇、经历(不好的事)。
He had his leg broken while skiing.他滑雪时摔断了腿。
[拓展]　have sth. to do (某人)有某事要做(have是实义动词“有”，to do作后置定语)
I'm sorry, I can't go to the cinema with you—because I have something important to do this evening.对不起，我不能跟你一起去看电影了——因为我今天傍晚有重要事情要做。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can I have the parcel ________ (weigh) here
②We'd be delighted to have you ________ (work) with us.
③He had me ________ (do) all kinds of jobs for him.
完成句子
④Mother ____________________ (让我把信寄了) at once.
⑤He ________________________ (手烧伤了) in that big fire.
⑥She won't ________________________ (让孩子们迟到).
3)不定式作后置定语)
(教材原句)Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。
[句式分析]　该句式中不定式与前面的the first是单纯的修饰关系，并不牵扯未发生的动作。
Who is the first person in the world to land on the moon？谁是世界上第一个登上月球的人？
She is the last person to trust with a secret.
她是最不可能保密的人。
[归纳拓展]　(1)序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后接非谓语动词作定语时，非谓语动词通常使用不定式。
Jane is the first student in our class to come and the last to leave.简是我们班第一个来的学生，也是最后一个离开的学生。
What's the quickest way to get to the railway station
去火车站最快的方法是什么？
(2)next, only, last等词限定名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。
The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes.接下来要做的是让机器开五分钟。
If you are the last student to leave the room, remember to turn off the lights.
如果你是最后一个离开房间的学生，记得关灯。
(3)ability, chance, excuse, promise, attempt, belief, way, right, plan等抽象名词后接不定式作定语。
I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.
我不相信他来访的诺言。
He said he had no plans to go abroad.他说他没有出国的计划。
[特别提醒]　名词前尽管有序数词修饰，但后面也可以有过去分词短语作定语，表示被动和动作已经发生。
He's the first student sent abroad for further education.他是第一个被派往国外深造的学生。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You can ask that girl standing there for she is the third ________ (reach) the spot.
②—The last one ________ (arrive) pays the meal.
—Agreed.
③The best way ________ (learn) is to learn by experience.
④The only thing for you ________ (do) is apologise to her.
⑤George, you are no longer a little boy. You should have the ability ________ (tell) right from wrong.
⑥The most useful way ________ (prevent) the spread of the disease is to wash hands with soap and water.
4)否定转移)
(教材原句)It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。
[句式分析]　宾语从句的否定词前移到主句上，即形式上是否定主句，但意义上是否定宾语从句。
否定转移的条件：
主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等；
主句主语是第一人称；主句时态是一般现在时。
I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
我觉得他的发言与我们正在讨论的话题不相关，他没有抓住要领。(be relevant to与……有关；切题)
I don't suppose he will give up his present job.
我认为他不会放弃现在的工作。
I don't believe he can finish his homework in time.
我认为他不会按时完成作业。
She thinks she can't arrive here on time.
她认为她不能按时到这儿。
[注意]　(1)如果主句主语不是第一人称则不能用否定转移。
(2)反义疑问部分，要跟从句的人称和时态一致，且不再用否定词。
I don't think he can swim, can he
[即学即练]　完成句子
①对不起，我想我并不认识您。
I'm sorry, but I ________ I know you.
②I don't believe he will come, ________________ (他会吗)
③I don't think you've met Xiao Wang, ________________ (是吗)
④I don't think you can go there by bus, ________________ (你能吗)
翻译句子
⑤我认为他不会通过考试的。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．That made me anxiously mad and determined to ________ (证明) him wrong.
2．It proves that things will improve in the not too ________ (遥远的) future.
3．He explored alone the whole ________ (大陆) of Africa from east to west.
4．My parents taught me that ________ (诚实) is always the best policy.
5．We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of ________ (勇敢), honesty or courage.
6．He was determined to give his exploration a secure and solid ________ (基础).
7．This amazing tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most ________ (令人愉快的) holiday scenes.
8．Every ________ (焦虑的) person will have his or her own special suffering.
9．She never achieved her ________ (夙愿) of becoming a famous explorer.
10．His ________ (探索) of the mystery brings insight into the American.
11．Careful ________ (准备) for the exploration is essential.
12．Finally, the young ________ (探险者) arrived in what was called the valley of death by the locals.
13．The ________ (滑雪板) was disconnected from the boot.
14．The ________ (船长) knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.
15．There was a period of excessive warmth which melted some of the ________ (极地的) ice.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in preparation for, on the way, put on, break down, carry on, make progress, at one time, anxious for
1．____________， walking across the crowded street took all her strength.
2．His eldest son Joseph ____________ his father's traditions—rescuing the wildlife in danger.
3．The analysis shows that plastics, particularly those that ____________ fast, are contributing to the climate change.
4．The band is hoping to ____________ an amazing show before the end of the year.
5．The forecasters say more hurricanes are ____________．
6．The medical community continues to ____________ in the fight against cancer.
7．The army has been training hard ____________ the big battle.
8．Parents are naturally ____________ their children and want to give them the best protection.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．________ (distant), to her right, she could make out the new shelter.
2．Henry variously stayed ahead ________ the others in the academic subjects.
3．She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job based on her major.
4．Mary and Colin were much alarmed and talked together ________ (anxious).
5．The captain produced two reports based ________ the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
6．When I'm down or tired, I prefer activities that can cheer me ________， such as skiing and skating.
B
1．[全国Ⅲ卷]But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term ________ (rest).
2．[天津二卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ________ (take).
3．[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]When the ________ (explorer) first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
4．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ________ (ambition) yet simpler time.
5．[2021·北京卷]Interestingly, the ________ (cheerful) the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
6．[2022·全国甲卷]However, after I went to high school, somehow I became ________ (distance) from him.
7．[天津二卷]To help us prepare ________ the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
8．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.
9．[天津二卷]________ (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我认为他决不会同意。
________________________ for a minute that he'll agree.
2．我不能让你独自一人走回家。
I won't ________________________________ all by yourself.
3．她是第一个陷入漩涡的人。
She was ________________________________________ the whirlpool.
4．(有人)发现病人呼吸困难。
The patient was perceived to ________________________ breathing.
5．我们希望我们两国关系史上这一不愉快的阶段将很快结束。
It is our hope that this unhappy chapter ________________________________ relations between our two countries will soon come to an end.
6．这是一道简单易做的菜。
____________________ that is simple and quick to make.
7．这项研究还有助于证明，像真诚等性格是孩子一生成功的关键。
This research also helps to ________________ characteristics such as sincerity—are ________________ a child's life success.
8．他想家，但却竭力表现得很高兴。
He felt homesick, but ____________________________ to appear cheerful.
Section D　Lesson 3　Race to the Pole
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．ski　2.base　3.captain　4.polar　5.tent　6.continent　7.sledge
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．honesty　2.sincerity; sincerely　3.bravery　4.ambitious　5.cheerful　6.distant　7.explorer; exploration
8．preparation　9.anxiously; anxiety　10.proof
课文研析·语篇理解
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．A　2.D　3.D　4.B
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．which/that　2.preparations　3.to leave　4.pulling
5．safely　6.with　7.were shocked　8.worst　9.the　10.shown
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①preparations　②for　③in　④prepared　⑤in　⑥in preparation for　⑦be prepared for
2．①名词，上校　②名词，船长　③名词，队长
3．①on　②a　③is based　④at　⑤basically　⑥名词，基地
⑦动词，以……为基础　⑧名词，基础
4．①to see　②about　③with　④Anxiously　⑤was anxious for　⑥looked anxiously at
5．①skis　②skiing　③skier　④go skiing
6．①to be　②ambition　③ambitions　④ambitious　⑤full of ambition　⑥has the ambition to win
7．①cheerful　②cheerfulness　③a　④for　⑤on/up　⑥up
⑦cheered for
8．①proof　②to be　③is proved　④himself　⑤to　⑥that　⑦prove everyone wrong　⑧prove to you
9．①at　②within　③from/with　④distant　⑤distantly
⑥distance　⑦远亲的　⑧疏远的　⑨遥远的　From a distance　 kept their distance from
10．①To be　②with　③honesty　④honestly　⑤To be honest with you　⑥Be honest in
11．①sincerity　②sincerely　③in　④in　⑤sincerity
12．①to go　②bravely　③about　④bravery
第二版块|重要短语
1．①up　②down　③away　④through　⑤off　⑥出故障　⑦消除　⑧禁不住哭出来　⑨失败　⑩拆分
2．①expressing　②with　③in　④with　⑤with　⑥finding
3．①in a way　②out of the way　③under way　④is well on the way to　⑤by way of　⑥In no way　⑦By the way
第三版块|疑难句型
1．①Away went the runners.　②lies another serious problem
③Down came the rain　④By the window sat a young man　⑤Then came Chen Yang and his friends.
2．①weighed　②working　③doing　④had me post the letter
⑤had his hand burnt　⑥have the children arriving late
3．①to reach　②to arrive　③to learn　④to do　⑤to tell　⑥to prevent
4．①don't think　②will he　③have you　④can you　⑤I don't think he will pass the exam.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．prove　2.distant　3.continent　4.honesty　5.bravery
6．base　7.cheerful　8.anxious　9.ambition　10.exploration
11．preparation　12.explorer　13.ski　14.captain　15.polar
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．At one time　2.carried on　3.break down　4.put on
5．on the way　6.make progress　7.in preparation for
8．anxious for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．Distantly　2.of　3.to finish　4.anxiously　5.on　6.up
B
1．答案与解析：resting　spend...doing sth.花费……做某事。句意：但是不像她学校里的朋友，16岁的萨拉没有拿半个学期来休息。
2．答案与解析：taken　have sth. done使某事被做。
3．答案与解析：explorers　探险家不止一人，故用复数形式。句意：当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样的野生动物，令人吃惊。
4．答案与解析：ambitious　用形容词作定语修饰time。句意：(这本书的)语言几乎令人陶醉，一位年老的作家回顾着一个雄心勃勃但却更单纯的时代。
5．答案与解析：more cheerful　“the＋比较级．.. the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。句意：有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快。
6．答案与解析：distant　此处became是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。句意：然而，在我上了高中后，不知怎么地，我和他变得疏远了。
7．答案与解析：for　prepare for为……做准备。句意：为了帮助我们备考，老师建议通读我们的笔记。
8．答案与解析：is based　be based on以……为基础。句意：重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。
9．答案与解析：Anxiously　副词作状语修饰整个句子。句意：我焦虑地上床睡觉，梦想着我将在这座神奇的山的山顶上发现什么。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I don't suppose　2.have you walking home　3.the first person to trap into　4.have difficulty in　5.in the history of　6.Here's a dish　7.prove that; key to　8.made a brave attempt(共93张PPT)
Section E　Writing Workshop，
Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 避难所
v. 躲避(风雨或危险)；保护；掩蔽
2．____________ n. 小册子
3．____________ n. 金属
4．____________ n. 沙漠
5．____________ n. 海滨，海滩；沙滩
shelter
brochure
metal
desert
beach
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．shock n．剧烈震动→________ n．(地震的)余震
2．observe vt.观察；注意→________ n．观察，注意；监视
3．vary v．(大小、形状等)相异；(根据情况)变化→____________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
4．scare v．惊吓；使害怕→________ adj.可怕的，恐怖的
5．harm v．伤害；损害→________ adj.无害的→________ adj.有害的
aftershock
observation　
varied/various
scary
harmless
harmful
6．ski v. & n．滑雪(板)→________ n．滑雪运动
7．origin n．起源→________ adj.起初的；独创的→________ n．独创性；创造力
8．disappear v．消失→__________ n．消亡；消失
9．geography n．地理(学)→__________ adj.地理的→__________ n．地理学家
10．furniture n．家具→________ vt.布置家具；提供→________ adj.配有家具的
skiing
original
originality
disappearance
geographical
geographer
furnish
furnished
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．write a brochure about... ________________
2．be/stay indoors ________________
3．drop down onto your hands and knees ________________
4．be clear and direct ________________
5．use simple and clear language ________________
6．protect sb. from ________________
7．observe carefully ________________
8．avoid doing sth. ________________
9．be/stay seated ________________
10．falling objects ________________
写一本关于……的手册
待在室内
双手和膝盖着地
条理清晰，直截了当　
使用简单明了的语言
保护某人免受(……伤害)
仔细观察
避免做某事
坐着别动
坠物
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．______________________________ 使信息易于记忆
2．________________ 保护某人自己
3．________________ 如有可能
4．________________ 紧紧抓住某物
5．______________________ 常见问题
6．________________ 光年
7．________________ 可观测宇宙
make the information easy to remember　
protect oneself
if possible
hold onto sth.
the frequently-asked question
light year　
observable universe
第一版块|核心单词
1)shelter n．[U]掩蔽；居所，住处；[C]避难所，掩蔽处，避身处　v．保护；为……提供庇护处
(1)n.遮蔽，庇护；避难所
take/seek shelter (from)... 寻求庇护(以躲避……)
seek shelter from... 寻找躲避……的地方
In the storm I took shelter under the tree.
暴风雨时，我在树下躲避。
The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
当然，解决办法是种树，这样动物就可以在白天寻求庇护。
(2)v.保护；收容；躲避；避难
shelter sb. from 保护某人不受……
shelter from 躲避……
The rescue station set up by the local government was sheltering the homeless.
由当地政府设立的救助站正在收容无家可归者。
You can't shelter your brother from blame in the accident.
在这次事故中，你无法庇护你的弟弟免受责备。
The climbers had to shelter from the snowstorm in a mountain hut.
登山者不得不在山中的一个小棚中躲避暴风雪。
[拓展]　provide food and shelter for
为……提供食物和住所
under the shelter of在……的庇护下
put up a shelter from the rain
建一个躲雨的地方
give sb. a shelter庇护某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He sheltered ______ (he) behind a tree.
②These plants must __________ (shelter) from direct sunlight.
③We have set up early warning systems for frosts and ________ (shelter) for animals.
④This wool hat is to shelter your face ________ the bitter cold.
写出句中shelter的词性及含义
⑤We sheltered under a tree until the shower passed.________
⑥The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.________

himself　
be sheltered
shelters
from
动词，躲避
名词，庇护
2)observe vt.观察；注意；遵守；庆祝(→observation n．观察，注意observer n．观察员)
(教材原句)Observe carefully before you move away.
你离开之前要仔细观察。
observe the law 遵守法律
observe/celebrate Chinese New Year 庆祝中国新年
observe sb./sth. do sth. 看到某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb./sth. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事(部分过程)
observe (that)... 注意到……
I observed her late arrival.我注意到她迟到了。
I observed a car enter the gate.我看到一辆车进了大门。
I observed him reading a novel.我看到他正在看小说。
I observed that he was sleeping in the class.
我注意到他正在课堂上睡觉。
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.我们大多数人在孩童时期比成人时期观察到的更多。
They faithfully observed the rules.他们忠实地遵守规则。
It's a tradition to observe the Spring Festival in China.
在中国，庆祝春节是一个传统。
under observation 受监视
for observation 为观察
the observation of... 对……的观察
powers of observation 观察力
make some observations about sth. 对……发表/做评论
escape sb's observation 逃脱/逃避某人监视
write first-hand observation 写出第一手观察
She was admitted to the hospital for observation.
她被留院观察。
The police have had him under observation for several weeks.警方已监视他数周了。
10.The survey was based on direct observation of over 500 schools.这项调查以对500多所学校进行的直接观察为基础。
11.The artist has acute powers of observation.
艺术家有很敏锐的观察力。
12.He smiled, and make some observation about the weather.他笑了笑，然后说了几句评论天气的话。
[误区警示]　根据宾语和宾补之间的关系，observe后的宾补可以由分词或不定式充当。主动语态中省略掉的不定式符号to在被动语态中应还原。
observe sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
observe sb. do sth.看到某人做过某事→sb. be observed to do sth.某人被看到做过某事
Thousands of people observed the ship leaving the harbour.
数以千计的人看到这艘轮船驶离港口。
He has been observed to make trouble in every possible way.
人们注意到他老是制造麻烦。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I observed my father ________ (chat) with a stranger.
②Will they permit you to sit in on a few classes as an ________ (observe)
③Most information was collected by direct __________ (observe) of the animals' behaviour.
④The thief was observed ________ (open) the window and run away.
⑤These animals are ________ observation.
⑥We asked for his observations ________ the play.
chatting
observer
observation
to open
under
about
写出句中observe的含义
⑦The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe.________
⑧The speed limit must be strictly observed.________
⑨How many holidays do we observe a year？________
⑩He observed that it had suddenly grown much colder.________
观察　
遵守　
庆祝　
注意
3)varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的(→vary v．变化无常；相异；使多样化various adj.各种各样的variety n．种类；多样化)
(教材原句)New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place.新西兰气候多变，各地气候变化很大。
a varied diet 丰富多样的饮食
lead a full and varied life 过着丰富多彩的生活
varied opinions 各种不同的意见
But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory.但是我得到的信息丰富多样，甚至是矛盾的。

vary between...and... 在……到……之间变化，从……到……不等
vary from...to... 从……到……不等，在……到……之间变化
vary in... 在……方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
vary one's reading 使自己阅读的东西多样化
vary one's diet 使自己饮食多样化
vary on sth. 对某事观点不一
Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.为了增加趣味，教师应该使课程多样化。
The buildings in this city vary between very old and very new.这个城市的建筑物差别很大，有的非常古老，有的很新。
The two pairs of shoes vary in colour.这两双鞋的颜色不同。
Prices vary with the seasons.物价随季节而变动。
His mood varies from day to day.他们心情每天都不一样。
These fish vary in weight from 1 kilo to 3 kilos.
这些鱼的重量从一公斤到三公斤不等。
Opinions vary on this matter.在这件事上意见各不相同。
a variety of books＝various books 各种各样的书
full of variety 多姿多彩/丰富多样
a new variety of melon 新品种的瓜
The garden offers a variety of attractions.
这花园有种种引人入胜之处。
[比较]　varied/various
varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示“各种各样的，各不相同的”意思时，一般可以换用。只是前者侧重于“不同”的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”。
Their opinions are varied.他们意见纷纭。(可用various换之，但varied强调了意见的“不同”)
Representatives from various parts of the country have arrived in Beijing.全国各地的代表们到达了北京。(可用varied代替，但various强调地区的“数目”)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is necessary that your diet is ____________ (vary) and balanced.
②The hotel offers its guests a wide ________ (vary) of amusements.
③The prices of some goods vary ______ the season.
④There are different ________ (variety) of plants in the garden.
⑤The weather varies ________ hour to hour.
⑥Her feelings ________ (vary) between joy and fear as she watched him fight.
⑦There are many kinds of bacteria which vary _____ shape and size.
⑧The hotel has a _________ (vary) programme of nightly entertainment.
varied/various
variety　
with　
varieties
from
varied　
in
varied/various
完成句子
⑨The colours of the flowers __________________ (从黄到红不等).
⑩The demand for certain products _________________ (随季节变化).
vary from yellow to red　
varies with the season
4)scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的，吓人的
(教材原句)It looks like a big, scary grasshopper, but it is actually harmless.
它看起来像一只可怕的大蚱蜢，但实际上它是无害的。
a scary moment 恐怖的一刻
a scary movie 恐怖片
I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.
我知道我能在可怕的情况下承受压力。
[拓展]
scare v. 受惊吓；恐惧；使害怕
scared adj. 害怕的
scare away/off... 把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared of... 怕(做)某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
Your way to scare those dogs off was effective.
你把那些狗吓跑的方法是奏效的。
You can't scare me into telling you anything.
你吓唬我也没用，我不会告诉你任何事情的。
He was scared to go home when he did wrong.
当他做错事时他不敢回家。
She was very brave, but she was scared of the doctor.
她很勇敢，但她害怕医生。
[联想]　表示“吓人的”形容词小结：
frightening吓人的
terrifying极其可怕的
terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I was scared ________ (hear) the bad news because I couldn't face it.
②I think prison is going to be a ______ (scare) thing for Harry.
③The child was scared ________ the fierce dog.
④The birds were scared ________ by the cat.
⑤I have got a way to scare those naughty children ________．
⑥Local businesses were scared ________ paying protection money.
完成句子
⑦She ________________ (吓得要死) at the strange noise.
⑧The high price ______________ (正吓跑) possible buyers.
to hear
scary　
of　
away/off　
off/away
into　
was scared to death
is scaring away/off
5)originality n．独创性；创造力　origin n．起源；出身　original adj.原先的，最初的，独特的　originally adv.原先，起初
The design for the building shows a great deal of originality.这座建筑的设计显示出很大的独创性。
show a lot of originality 显示出丰富的独创性
lack originality 缺乏创意
a young writer of great originality 一位极高创意的年轻作家
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。
His design lacks originality.他的设计缺乏创意。
in origin 在来源上；在血统上
by origin 从出身上说
the origins of life on earth 地球上生命的起源
one's country of origin 某人的出生国
the original plan 原先的计划
an original idea 有独创性的主意
a man of noble origin 一出身高贵的人
have one's origin in 起源于
Our original plan was to go to Hainan, but it was a little expensive.我们的原始计划是去海南，但是去那里有些贵。
Your design is highly original.你的设计很独特。
This is the original painting, and the others are copies.
这是原画，其他的是复制品。
Their medical problems are basically physical in origin.
他们的疾病基本是身体上的问题造成的。
Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
我们本来打算去意大利，但后来赢得机会去了希腊。
[拓展]　originate vi.发源；开始；起源；发明
originate fireworks发明鞭炮
originate from/in/with起源于
The Chinese originated fireworks.
中国人发明了鞭炮。
The fire originated in his room.
这火起自他的房间。
This style of the building originated with the ancient Greece.
这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I prefer your ________ (origin) plan to these.
②This TV series originated ________ a short story.
③The valley was ________ (original) bridged by the Romans.
④Many words in the English language are French ________ origin.
⑤The clay figure is a work of great ________ (original).
⑥All theories ________ (origin) from practice and in turn serve practice.
完成句子
⑦Chinese Buddhism ____________ (起源于) India.
original　
from　
originally　
in
originality
originate　
has its origin in
6)disappearance n．消亡；消失；失踪
(教材原句)The disappearance of the wolves brings disaster to the grassland...狼的消失给草原带来了灾难……
the disappearance of... ……的消亡/消失
sudden disappearance 突然的消失
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果。
Police are investigating the disappearance of a young woman.警方正在调查一位年轻女子的失踪案。
disappear vi. 消失，不见；失踪
disappear behind/into... 消失在……后/中
disappear from... 从……消失
make an appearance 出席，露面
judge by appearances 以貌取人
disappear in the distance 消失在远处
I saw her step across the street and disappear into the post office.我看见她穿过街道，消失在邮局里。
My wallet has disappeared from the table.
我放在桌子上的钱包不见了。
[拓展]　
appear vi.出现；发表；露面→appearance n．出现；露面；外貌
Don't judge by appearances.不要以貌取人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The car finally disappeared ________ the darkness.
②The ________ (appear) of Internet marked the beginning of the age of information.
③The train disappeared _______ view and I knew my best friend would never come back.
④He explains that ______ disappearance of one animal can have serious consequences to remaining species in that habitat.
⑤The __________ (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
⑥Before the __________ (appear) of computers, typewriters were an essential tool in every office.
into　
appearance　
from　
the
disappearance　
appearance
7)harmless adj.无害的，不致伤的 harm n. & vt.伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的
harmless actions 无害的行为
be harmless to... 对……无害
cause harm to... 对……造成损害
mean no harm 没有恶意
do sb. harm＝do harm to sb. 对某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
harm the environment 损害环境
be harmful to (＝do harm to) 对……有害
the harmful effects of smoking 吸烟的害处
The rain was very harmful to the crops.
＝The rain did much harm to the crops.
雨大的损害了农作物。
Too much drinking will do you harm.
＝Too much drinking will be harmful to you.
喝太多的酒对你有害。
[语境助记]　Proper exercise is harmless or to be exact, beneficial to your health.适当的锻炼对身体是无害的，或者，确切地说，是有益的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Industry has been working at developing ________ (harm) substitutes for these gases.
②Her brother's a bit simple, but he's quite ________．
③While the sun's rays can age and ______ our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
④The huge fall in exports has done a great harm ________ the economy.
harmless　
harmless　
harm　
to
完成句子
⑤I'm sorry if I upset you—I _________________ (没有恶意).
⑥The drugs he was prescribed ___________________ (弊大于利).
⑦The pesticides are ___________ (有害) the environment.
didn't mean any harm　
did more harm than good
harmful to
第二版块|重要短语
1)hold on to抓紧；坚持下去；守住，保住)
(教材原句)HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.抓牢遮蔽物，直到地震停止。
hold on　　紧紧抓住；坚持住；等一会儿，别挂电话
hold on to sth. 紧紧抓住某物
Hold on to the Chinese dream and one day it must come true.
坚持中国梦，总有一天它一定会实现。
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
Do you think you could hold on to that report for the next day or two
你觉得你能把那篇报道多留一两天再登吗？
I was able to hold back my anger and avoid a fight.
我总算抑制住了愤怒，从而避免了一场殴斗。
He held up the map so it could be seen more clearly.
他举起地图，这样可以看得更清楚些。
I hope this good weather will hold out for another week.
我希望这好天气能再持续一个星期。
Please hold the dog off.请赶走你的狗。
They held off the enemy.他们阻住敌人。
Li Qiang told me that he could hold his breath for more than two minutes underwater.
李强跟我说他可以在水中憋气超过两分钟。
[归纳拓展]　
hold back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止
hold on别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold up支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold one's breath屏住呼吸
hold off推迟；抵挡住，使不接近，使远离
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The police asked him to hold ________ while they were looking into the case.
②If there's something you'd like to say please don't hold ________．
③Music was the one thing I could hold on ________ when things got crazy.
④Traffic on the bridge was held ________ for several hours because of the accident.
⑤Seeing her son again after two years' absence, the mother held ________ her arms to hug him.
⑥She told the speaker to hold ________ while she was going to call the man he wanted to speak to.
on　
back　
to　
up　
out　
on
2)protect sb. from/against...保护某人不受……
(教材原句)If you are near objects that can fall, find a shelter to protect yourself from them.你如果靠近可能坠落的物体，找个掩蔽的地方躲避它们以保护自己。
Players must wear padding to protect them from injury.
运动员们必须戴上衬垫以保护自己不受伤害。
A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.
一件薄薄的羊毛长大衣和一条紫色头巾为她挡风。
You'd better wear a pair of sunglasses to protect your eyes from/against being harmed.
你最好戴一副太阳镜来保护你的眼睛不受伤害。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must ___________ (protect) against sudden attacks.
②They set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ___________ (hunt).
③What can we do to prevent these animals ________ (die) out
④This special cream will protect your skin _________ the burning sun.
⑤We were kept ________ going out by the heavy rain.
完成句子
⑥She ______________________(保护她的眼睛不受阳光照射)with her hand.
⑦People ______________________ (被阻止交流) with one another.
be protected　
being hunted　
dying
from/against
from
protected her eyes from the sun
are kept from communicating
3)be home to (＝be the home of)是……的家园/栖息地/产地
(教材原句)New Zealand is home to nearly 5 million people, 31 million sheep and 10 million cows.新西兰有近500万人口，3 100万只绵羊和1 000万头奶牛。
be home to a large variety of wildlife
多种野生动物的栖息地
be home to tigers and lions 老虎和狮子的家园
This large woodland is home to many birds and other wildlife.
这片大林地是许多鸟类和其他野生动物的栖息地。
Henan is home to some of the best scientists in our country.
河南是我国一些最优秀的科学家的故乡。
feel at home 无拘无束，舒适自在
away from home 离开家
bring home the bacon 成功；挣钱养家(home 是副词作状语)
make one's home 定居，居住
drive sth.home 使某事明白无误
make oneself at home 随便，别拘束
at home and abroad 国内外
He had a genius for making people feel at home.
他有一种能够使人感觉轻松自在的本领。
I believe that he will bring home the bacon.我相信他一定会成功。
We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie.
我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪儿。
You're among friends，so make yourself at home.
都是自己人，你别客气了。
[联想]　
与home相关的谚语：
East or west, home is best.
金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。
Every dog is a lion at home.
夜郞自大。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Dubai is home ________ some of the tallest skyscrapers in the world.
②We will do everything we can do to accommodate you and make you feel ________ home.
选词填空：bring/drive/be/feel
③You will really need to ________ your point home.
④It was a Sunday, so she ________ at home.
⑤Someone has to ________ home the bacon in the family.
⑥The Greens did their best to make me ________ at home.
to　
at　
drive　
was
bring　
feel
4)be made up of由……组成/构成
(教材原句)In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks...事实上，这个国家的三分之一由国家公园组成……
My diet is made up of meat, fish，vegetables, fruit, water, and milk.我的饮食内容包括肉、鱼、蔬菜、水果、水和牛奶。
The audience was made up of very young children.
观众由小孩子们组成。
He tried to make up for all the trouble he had caused.
他设法弥补他所造成的一切麻烦。
It was so foggy that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.浓雾弥漫，司机几乎看不清前面的路。
I believe I have the talent to make it.
我相信我有获得成功的才干。
We should make the best of this valuable opportunity.
我们应该充分利用这个宝贵的机会。
I have made up my mind，and nothing you say will change it.我已经拿定主意，你讲什么，我都不会改变主意。
When we fail，we should make full use of our failure and learn from experience.
当我们失败时，我们应该充分利用我们的失败，从我们的经验中学习。
[注意]　be made up of＝consist of...
由……组成/构成，后加组成的成分。consist of 不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，但可用consisting of作非谓语动词。
be composed of和be made up of是被动形式
如：The medical team consists of 11 members.
＝The medical team is made up of/is composed of 11 members.医疗队由十一个成员组成。
[联想]　
make out辨认出；明白，理解
make it 及时到达；取得成功
make the best of 充分利用
make up one's mind下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He hadn't been able to make ________ to our dinner.
②Encouraged by my parents, I made ________ my mind to study harder.
③I worked last Saturday, so I have today off, to make up ________ it.
④The course ________ (make) up of 12 two-hour sessions.
⑤If you cannot have the best, make the ________ (good) of what you have.
⑥Looking through the mist, I could make ________ the figure of a woman standing under the street lamp.
it　
up　
for　
is made　
best　
out
5)be hard on sb./sth.严厉对待，严格批评……；对……不公平；损害(某物)
Don't be so hard on him. He is only a child of 5 after all.
别对他那么严厉，他毕竟才5岁。
She is a very nice teacher. I have never known her to be hard on her students.
她是一位很好的老师。我从未看到她粗暴地对待学生。
It's hard on John, having to work when the others are just sitting.别人都坐着，而让约翰干活，这对他太不公平了。
be cruel to... 对……残忍
be kind/good to 对……好
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
[拓展]　be honest with sb.对某人诚实
be harmful to对……有坏处
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard ________ people.
②It's hard ________ people who don't have the latest car.
③The boss was cruel ________ his workers.
④The teacher is very strict ________ her students ________ study.
on　
on　
to　
with
in
第三版块|疑难句型
1)as...as sb.can尽可能……地)
(教材原句)The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can.最重要的事情是尽可能保护自己。
[句式分析]
as much as you can在句中作状语，修饰动词protect，意为“尽可能地”保护(自己)。
Find out as much as you can about him and report back to me.尽量查找有关他的资料，向我汇报。
as fast as you can 尽可能快地(速度)
as hard as you can 尽可能努力地
as soon as you can 尽可能快地(时间)
as quickly as you can 尽可能快地(动作)
Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours.
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了好几个小时。
During the race of 200 meters, you should run as fast as you can.在200米赛跑当中，你应该尽可能快地跑。
[学法点拨]　
as...as one can 可与as...as possible进行同义句转换。
This is an urgent document, so you ought to deliver it as soon as you can/as soon as possible.这是一份紧急文件，因此你应该尽快寄送出去。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①I now look forward to going back to work ________________ (尽快).
②Run ______________ (你尽可能快地) so that you can win first place.
③你最好尽快为志愿工作做好准备。
________________________________________________________
as soon as possible　
as fast as you can
You'd better be well prepared for the voluntary work as soon as you can/as soon as possible.
2)状语从句的省略
(教材原句)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.如果可能的话，就近找一个可以覆盖你全身的坚固的遮蔽物。
If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if not 如果不的话
if necessary 如有必要
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果有过的话
If so, you have to suffer from great pressure.
如果是这样，你就会承受巨大的压力。
Do you want that cake If not，I'll have it.
你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。
If necessary, he will design another new advertisement.
如有必要，他将再设计一个新的广告。
What if the boy's parents should fall ill
如果那男孩的父母病倒了该怎么办呢？
[学法点拨]　
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，构成“连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语/名词”结构。
While (I was) walking in the nearby park, I saw a crowd of people dancing.
当我在附近的公园散步时，我看到了一群人在跳舞。
If (you are) accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用，你很快就会得到通知。
The flowers his friend gave him will die unless (they are) watered every day.他朋友送给他的花如果不天天浇水就会枯萎。
She went on working though (she was) tired.
她虽然累了，但仍继续工作。
[归纳拓展]
What if...？如果……怎么办？
Why not？为什么不呢？
What... for？为什么……？
when/where necessary必要的时候/地方
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①While ________ (wander), I saw the boy painting a panda on the wall.
②When ________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
③Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
④The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If ________ (breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death.
wandering　
completed　
left　
breathed
完成句子
⑤I could come earlier ___________ (如果有必要).
⑥There are few people nowadays，_______ (如果有的话)，who remember him.
⑦She seldom, ______ (如果有过的话)，goes to the movies by herself.
⑧I might see you tomorrow.__________(如果不是), then it'll be Saturday.
if necessary　
if any　
if ever　
If not
3)It is a common saying that...俗话说
(教材原句)．..it's a common saying that in New Zealand, you can get four seasons in one day！……俗话说，在新西兰，一天可以有四个季节！
It is a common saying that we do not value a thing till we lose it.俗话说，我们直到失去的时候才懂得珍惜。
It is a common saying that the weather in the UK is changeable.俗话说，英国的天气变化多端。
[归纳拓展]　
类似的句式结构：It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
It's no wonder that...难怪……
It was a great pity that he lost the match.他输了这场比赛，真是遗憾。
It is no wonder that you're tired.You've been walking for hours.难怪你会累。你已经走了好几个小时了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①俗话说，身正不怕影子斜。
______________________a clean hand wants no washing.
②很遗憾你昨晚没有参加聚会。
__________________you didn't attend the party last night.
③他成功是不足为奇的。
_________________he should have succeeded.
It is a common saying that
It is a great pity that
It is no wonder that
4)“百分数/分数＋of＋名词”作主语
(教材原句)In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks, which are full of hiking trails and beautiful campsites.事实上，全国三分之一的地区都是国家公园，里面到处是徒步旅行的小径和美丽的露营地。
[句式分析]　“百分数/分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词由名词的数决定。
One third of the books have been given out to the students in Grade One.三分之一的书已经分发给了一年级的学生。
One third of the coal has been used up.
三分之一的煤已经用光了。
[知识拓展]　population单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但其前有百分数或分数时，谓语动词常用复数。
The population of China is larger than that of any other country.中国的人口比其他任何国家都多。
About 80% of the population in this country are farmers.这个国家大约80%的人口是农民。
[拓展]　the majority of...大多数的……，其后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定。
如：The majority of the students are against/for the plan.大多数学生反对/支持这个计划。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors ________ (have) correct habits.
②It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries ________ (be) using emojis at work.
③As the world's population ________ (continue) to grow, the supply of food ________ (become) more and more of concern.
④One third of the country ________ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ (be) black people.
⑤The majority of citizens of the country ________ (be) against the bill (法案).
have　
are　
continues
becomes
is
are　
are
5)whether...or...不管……还是……
(教材原句)．..Mr Wang's advice is to move away from things that can break or fall, whether you are inside or outside.……王先生的建议是，无论你是在室内还是户外，都要远离那些可能断裂或坠落的东西。
[句式分析]　whether...or...“不管……还是……”，在句中引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的结果都一样。
Whether you're looking for educational fun, or just some laid-back beach time, all you need to do is hit the road.
无论你是在寻找寓教于乐的乐趣，还是只是在沙滩上享受悠闲时光，你所需要做的就是要在路上。
[联想]　whether除了用于whether...or...结构外，还可用于whether...or not和whether or not...结构，这三个结构既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
不管你是否相信，它都是真的。(让步状语从句)
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待观察。(主语从句)
[归纳拓展]　作“是……还是……”讲，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，用于提供两种选择。
Whether they consider this opinion or ignore it is not clear.(＝It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or ignore it.)他们是考虑这个意见还是忽视它还不清楚。(主语从句)
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我不能确定远处那是瀑布还是喷泉。
I can't figure out ________ it is a waterfall ________ a fountain far away.
②不管是偶然还是有意安排，他对时机的把握堪称完美。
________ by accident ________ design his timing was perfect.
③我们似乎拿不定主意是要一个现代的城市还是传统的城市。
We can't seem to make up our minds ________ we want a modern city ________ a traditional one.
whether
or　
Whether
or
whether
or
④关于学生是否应该把手机带到学校这一问题一直争论不休。
There is always a debate about ________ students should carry mobile phones to school ________．
⑤这完全取决于她是否有时间。
It all depends on ____________ she has the time.
whether
or not
whether or not
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The first thing he did was to find ________ (遮蔽) from the hurricane.
2．The scientists will study the variety of trees and ________ (观察)which are fruiting.
3．Even though it's the prototype for ________ (独创性), it's also something very disturbing and harmful.
4．The _____________ (消失) of the wolves had many unexpected results.
5．Peter might look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly ________ (无害的)
shelter
observe　
originality
disappearance
harmless
6．After a big earthquake happens, several ________ (余震) will surely follow.
7．Do you like ________ (滑雪运动)？If so, let's go ________ (滑雪) this afternoon.
8．In his spare time she often goes door to door, gathering some ________ (金属) boxes.
9．The high price ________ (吓) away many possible buyers.
10．Here are some ________ (小册子)for you to give out among the crowds.
aftershocks　
skiing
skiing　
metal
scares　
brochures
Ⅱ.短语填空
a bit, make up, thanks to, (be) hard on, hold on
1．Looking at a smartphone screen all day can he very _______ the eyes.
2．Everyone knows about last year's drought now, ________ you.
3．Women officers _________ 13 percent of the police force in this area.
4．Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking ________ and then running again.
5．His right arm was extended up beside his head, still ____________ to a coffee cup.
hard on
thanks to
make up
a bit　
holding on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．If landslide or debris flow danger is imminent, quickly move ________ from the path of the slide.
2．________ instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies are based on your mood.
3．To test the effect of social influence on ________ (eat) habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
4.We encourage students to participate fully ________ the running of the college overseas.
5．No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique ________ humans.
6．Mumbai is thought to be home ________ millions of rag-pickers.
away
For　
eating　
in　
to　
to
B
1．[浙江卷]People often think of gossipers as ________ (harm), but cruel lies can cause pain.
2．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the ________ (disappear) of the Aral Sea.
1．答案与解析：harmless　根据连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，后面提及“残酷的谎言会造成痛苦”，那么由此推知，前面是说“人们常常认为搬弄是非的人是无害的”。
2．答案与解析：disappearance　作介词about的宾语，且被the限定，用名词形式。句意：几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦来写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
3．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them ________ the heat.
4．[2020·天津二考]Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to ________ (vary) age groups.
3．答案与解析：from　protect...from...保护……免受……。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够多的树来保护它们免受高温的侵害。
4．答案与解析：various/varied　此处用形容词作定语，修饰age groups。句意：图书馆将会经常举办针对不同年龄段的阅读小组会议。
5．[全国Ⅰ卷]She encouraged a sense of community by creating ________ (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.
6．[2020·天津二考]After years of ________ (observe) human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.
5．答案与解析：shelters　此处shelter是可数名词，建立不止一个shelter，故用复数。句意：她通过为有需要的人建立庇护所和提升教育和服务来促进社区意识。
6．答案与解析：observing　介词of后跟动名词作宾语。句意：经过多年对人性的观察，我认为成就斐然的人和表现平平的人的区别在于两种品质：好奇心和不满足。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．一些主人会把动物长期留在外面，以为所有的动物都习惯于户外生活。
Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals _____________living outdoors.
2．青少年们被鼓励照顾受伤的小动物。
The teenagers are encouraged to __________ the injured small animals.
3．人类的行为对气候有影响吗？
Does the human's behaviour ______________ climate
are/get used to　
take care of
have an effect on
4．然而，我了解到，在内心深处，他是无害的，诚实的，有一个爱的本性。
Yet，I learned that deep inside，he is ________ and has honesty and ____________．
5．这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
There is ___________ activities for children.
harmless
a loving nature
a full range ofSection E　Writing Workshop，Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1．____________ n. 避难所
v. 躲避(风雨或危险)；保护；掩蔽
2．____________ n. 小册子
3．____________ n. 金属
4．____________ n. 沙漠
5．____________ n. 海滨，海滩；沙滩
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．shock n．剧烈震动→________ n．(地震的)余震
2．observe vt.观察；注意→________ n．观察，注意；监视
3．vary v．(大小、形状等)相异；(根据情况)变化→________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
4．scare v．惊吓；使害怕→________ adj.可怕的，恐怖的
5．harm v．伤害；损害→________ adj.无害的→________ adj.有害的
6．ski v. & n．滑雪(板)→________ n．滑雪运动
7．origin n．起源→________ adj.起初的；独创的→________ n．独创性；创造力
8．disappear v．消失→________ n．消亡；消失
9．geography n．地理(学)→________ adj.地理的→________ n．地理学家
10．furniture n．家具→________ vt.布置家具；提供→________ adj.配有家具的
Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)
A 写出下列短语的汉意
1．write a brochure about... ________________
2．be/stay indoors ________________
3．drop down onto your hands and knees
________________
4．be clear and direct ________________
5．use simple and clear language
________________
6．protect sb. from ________________
7．observe carefully ________________
8．avoid doing sth. ________________
9．be/stay seated ________________
10．falling objects ________________
B 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语
1．________________ 使信息易于记忆
2．________________ 保护某人自己
3．________________ 如有可能
4．________________ 紧紧抓住某物
5．________________ 常见问题
6．________________ 光年
7．________________ 可观测宇宙
第一版块|核心单词
1)shelter n．[U]掩蔽；居所，住处；[C]避难所，掩蔽处，避身处　v．保护；为……提供庇护处)
(1)n.遮蔽，庇护；避难所
take/seek shelter (from)... 寻求庇护(以躲避……)
seek shelter from... 寻找躲避……的地方
In the storm I took shelter under the tree.
暴风雨时，我在树下躲避。
The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
当然，解决办法是种树，这样动物就可以在白天寻求庇护。
(2)v.保护；收容；躲避；避难
shelter sb. from 保护某人不受……
shelter from 躲避……
The rescue station set up by the local government was sheltering the homeless.
由当地政府设立的救助站正在收容无家可归者。
You can't shelter your brother from blame in the accident.
在这次事故中，你无法庇护你的弟弟免受责备。
The climbers had to shelter from the snowstorm in a mountain hut.
登山者不得不在山中的一个小棚中躲避暴风雪。
[拓展]　provide food and shelter for
为……提供食物和住所
under the shelter of在……的庇护下
put up a shelter from the rain
建一个躲雨的地方
give sb. a shelter庇护某人
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He sheltered ______ (he) behind a tree.
②These plants must ________ (shelter) from direct sunlight.
③We have set up early warning systems for frosts and ________ (shelter) for animals.
④This wool hat is to shelter your face ________ the bitter cold.
写出句中shelter的词性及含义
⑤We sheltered under a tree until the shower passed.________
⑥The number of families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.________
2)observe vt.观察；注意；遵守；庆祝(→observation n．观察，注意observer n．观察员))
(教材原句)Observe carefully before you move away.
你离开之前要仔细观察。
observe the law 遵守法律
observe/celebrate Chinese New Year 庆祝中国新年
observe sb./sth. do sth. 看到某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb./sth. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事(部分过程)
observe (that)... 注意到……
I observed her late arrival.我注意到她迟到了。
I observed a car enter the gate.我看到一辆车进了大门。
I observed him reading a novel.我看到他正在看小说。
I observed that he was sleeping in the class.
我注意到他正在课堂上睡觉。
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.我们大多数人在孩童时期比成人时期观察到的更多。
They faithfully observed the rules.他们忠实地遵守规则。
It's a tradition to observe the Spring Festival in China.
在中国，庆祝春节是一个传统。
under observation 受监视
for observation 为观察
the observation of... 对……的观察
powers of observation 观察力
make some observations about sth. 对……发表/做评论
escape sb's observation 逃脱/逃避某人监视
write first hand observation 写出第一手观察
She was admitted to the hospital for observation.
她被留院观察。
The police have had him under observation for several weeks.警方已监视他数周了。
The survey was based on direct observation of over 500 schools.这项调查以对500多所学校进行的直接观察为基础。
The artist has acute powers of observation.
艺术家有很敏锐的观察力。
He smiled, and make some observation about the weather.他笑了笑，然后说了几句评论天气的话。
[误区警示]　根据宾语和宾补之间的关系，observe后的宾补可以由分词或不定式充当。主动语态中省略掉的不定式符号to在被动语态中应还原。
observe sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
observe sb. do sth.看到某人做过某事→sb. be observed to do sth.某人被看到做过某事
Thousands of people observed the ship leaving the harbour.
数以千计的人看到这艘轮船驶离港口。
He has been observed to make trouble in every possible way.
人们注意到他老是制造麻烦。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I observed my father ________ (chat) with a stranger.
②Will they permit you to sit in on a few classes as an ________ (observe)
③Most information was collected by direct ________ (observe) of the animals' behaviour.
④The thief was observed ________ (open) the window and run away.
⑤These animals are ________ observation.
⑥We asked for his observations ________ the play.
写出句中observe的含义
⑦The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe.________
⑧The speed limit must be strictly observed.________
⑨How many holidays do we observe a year？________
⑩He observed that it had suddenly grown much colder.________
3)varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的(→vary v．变化无常；相异；使多样化various adj.各种各样的variety n．种类；多样化))
(教材原句)New Zealand has a varied climate that changes a lot from place to place.新西兰气候多变，各地气候变化很大。
a varied diet 丰富多样的饮食
lead a full and varied life 过着丰富多彩的生活
varied opinions 各种不同的意见
But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory.但是我得到的信息丰富多样，甚至是矛盾的。
vary between...and... 在……到……之间变化，从……到……不等
vary from...to... 从……到……不等，在……到……之间变化
vary in... 在……方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
vary one's reading 使自己阅读的东西多样化
vary one's diet 使自己饮食多样化
vary on sth. 对某事观点不一
Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.为了增加趣味，教师应该使课程多样化。
The buildings in this city vary between very old and very new.这个城市的建筑物差别很大，有的非常古老，有的很新。
The two pairs of shoes vary in colour.这两双鞋的颜色不同。
Prices vary with the seasons.物价随季节而变动。
His mood varies from day to day.他们心情每天都不一样。
These fish vary in weight from 1 kilo to 3 kilos.
这些鱼的重量从一公斤到三公斤不等。
Opinions vary on this matter.在这件事上意见各不相同。
a variety of books＝various books 各种各样的书
full of variety 多姿多彩/丰富多样
a new variety of melon 新品种的瓜
The garden offers a variety of attractions.
这花园有种种引人入胜之处。
[比较]　varied/various
varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示“各种各样的，各不相同的”意思时，一般可以换用。只是前者侧重于“不同”的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”。
Their opinions are varied.他们意见纷纭。(可用various换之，但varied强调了意见的“不同”)
Representatives from various parts of the country have arrived in Beijing.全国各地的代表们到达了北京。(可用varied代替，但various强调地区的“数目”)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is necessary that your diet is ______ (vary) and balanced.
②The hotel offers its guests a wide ________ (vary) of amusements.
③The prices of some goods vary ______ the season.
④There are different ________ (variety) of plants in the garden.
⑤The weather varies ________ hour to hour.
⑥Her feelings ________ (vary) between joy and fear as she watched him fight.
⑦There are many kinds of bacteria which vary ________ shape and size.
⑧The hotel has a ________ (vary) programme of nightly entertainment.
完成句子
⑨The colours of the flowers ____________________ (从黄到红不等).
⑩The demand for certain products ________________________ (随季节变化).
4)scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的，吓人的)
(教材原句)It looks like a big, scary grasshopper, but it is actually harmless.
它看起来像一只可怕的大蚱蜢，但实际上它是无害的。
a scary moment 恐怖的一刻
a scary movie 恐怖片
I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.
我知道我能在可怕的情况下承受压力。
[拓展]
scare v. 受惊吓；恐惧；使害怕
scared adj. 害怕的
scare away/off... 把……吓跑
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事
be scared of... 怕(做)某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
Your way to scare those dogs off was effective.
你把那些狗吓跑的方法是奏效的。
You can't scare me into telling you anything.
你吓唬我也没用，我不会告诉你任何事情的。
He was scared to go home when he did wrong.
当他做错事时他不敢回家。
She was very brave, but she was scared of the doctor.
她很勇敢，但她害怕医生。
[联想]　表示“吓人的”形容词小结：
frightening吓人的
terrifying极其可怕的
terrible可怕的
horrible恐怖的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I was scared ________ (hear) the bad news because I couldn't face it.
②I think prison is going to be a ______ (scare) thing for Harry.
③The child was scared ________ the fierce dog.
④The birds were scared ________ by the cat.
⑤I have got a way to scare those naughty children ________．
⑥Local businesses were scared ________ paying protection money.
完成句子
⑦She ________________________ (吓得要死) at the strange noise.
⑧The high price ____________________ (正吓跑) possible buyers.
5)originality n．独创性；创造力　origin n．起源；出身　original adj.原先的，最初的，独特的　originally adv.原先，起初)
The design for the building shows a great deal of originality.这座建筑的设计显示出很大的独创性。
show a lot of originality 显示出丰富的独创性
lack originality 缺乏创意
a young writer of great originality 一位极高创意的年轻作家
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。
His design lacks originality.他的设计缺乏创意。
in origin 在来源上；在血统上
by origin 从出身上说
the origins of life on earth 地球上生命的起源
one's country of origin 某人的出生国
the original plan 原先的计划
an original idea 有独创性的主意
a man of noble origin 一出身高贵的人
have one's origin in 起源于
Our original plan was to go to Hainan, but it was a little expensive.我们的原始计划是去海南，但是去那里有些贵。
Your design is highly original.你的设计很独特。
This is the original painting, and the others are copies.
这是原画，其他的是复制品。
Their medical problems are basically physical in origin.
他们的疾病基本是身体上的问题造成的。
Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
我们本来打算去意大利，但后来赢得机会去了希腊。
[拓展]　originate vi.发源；开始；起源；发明
originate fireworks发明鞭炮
originate from/in/with起源于
The Chinese originated fireworks.
中国人发明了鞭炮。
The fire originated in his room.
这火起自他的房间。
This style of the building originated with the ancient Greece.
这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I prefer your ________ (origin) plan to these.
②This TV series originated ________ a short story.
③The valley was ________ (original) bridged by the Romans.
④Many words in the English language are French ________ origin.
⑤The clay figure is a work of great ________ (original).
⑥All theories ________ (origin) from practice and in turn serve practice.
完成句子
⑦Chinese Buddhism __________________________ (起源于) India.
6)disappearance n．消亡；消失；失踪)
(教材原句)The disappearance of the wolves brings disaster to the grassland...狼的消失给草原带来了灾难……
the disappearance of... ……的消亡/消失
sudden disappearance 突然的消失
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果。
Police are investigating the disappearance of a young woman.警方正在调查一位年轻女子的失踪案。
disappear vi. 消失，不见；失踪
disappear behind/into... 消失在……后/中
disappear from... 从……消失
make an appearance 出席，露面
judge by appearances 以貌取人
disappear in the distance 消失在远处
I saw her step across the street and disappear into the post office.我看见她穿过街道，消失在邮局里。
My wallet has disappeared from the table.
我放在桌子上的钱包不见了。
[拓展]　appear vi.出现；发表；露面→appearance n．出现；露面；外貌
Don't judge by appearances.不要以貌取人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The car finally disappeared ________ the darkness.
②The ________ (appear) of Internet marked the beginning of the age of information.
③The train disappeared ________ view and I knew my best friend would never come back.
④He explains that ________ disappearance of one animal can have serious consequences to remaining species in that habitat.
⑤The ________ (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
⑥Before the ________ (appear) of computers, typewriters were an essential tool in every office.
7)harmless adj.无害的，不致伤的 harm n. & vt.伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的)
harmless actions 无害的行为
be harmless to... 对……无害
cause harm to... 对……造成损害
mean no harm 没有恶意
do sb. harm＝do harm to sb. 对某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
harm the environment 损害环境
be harmful to (＝do harm to) 对……有害
the harmful effects of smoking 吸烟的害处
The rain was very harmful to the crops.
＝The rain did much harm to the crops.
雨大的损害了农作物。
Too much drinking will do you harm.
＝Too much drinking will be harmful to you.
喝太多的酒对你有害。
[语境助记]　Proper exercise is harmless or to be exact, beneficial to your health.适当的锻炼对身体是无害的，或者，确切地说，是有益的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Industry has been working at developing ________ (harm) substitutes for these gases.
②Her brother's a bit simple, but he's quite ________．
③While the sun's rays can age and ______ our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
④The huge fall in exports has done a great harm ________ the economy.
完成句子
⑤I'm sorry if I upset you—I ________________________ (没有恶意).
⑥The drugs he was prescribed ____________________________ (弊大于利).
⑦The pesticides are ________________________ (有害) the environment.
第二版块|重要短语
1)hold on to抓紧；坚持下去；守住，保住)
(教材原句)HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.抓牢遮蔽物，直到地震停止。
hold on　　　　　紧紧抓住；坚持住；等一会儿，别挂电话
hold on to sth. 紧紧抓住某物
Hold on to the Chinese dream and one day it must come true.
坚持中国梦，总有一天它一定会实现。
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
Do you think you could hold on to that report for the next day or two
你觉得你能把那篇报道多留一两天再登吗？
I was able to hold back my anger and avoid a fight.
我总算抑制住了愤怒，从而避免了一场殴斗。
He held up the map so it could be seen more clearly.
他举起地图，这样可以看得更清楚些。
I hope this good weather will hold out for another week.
我希望这好天气能再持续一个星期。
Please hold the dog off.请赶走你的狗。
They held off the enemy.他们阻住敌人。
Li Qiang told me that he could hold his breath for more than two minutes underwater.
李强跟我说他可以在水中憋气超过两分钟。
[归纳拓展]　
hold back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止
hold on别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold up支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold one's breath屏住呼吸
hold off推迟；抵挡住，使不接近，使远离
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The police asked him to hold ________ while they were looking into the case.
②If there's something you'd like to say please don't hold ________．
③Music was the one thing I could hold on ________ when things got crazy.
④Traffic on the bridge was held ________ for several hours because of the accident.
⑤Seeing her son again after two years' absence, the mother held ________ her arms to hug him.
⑥She told the speaker to hold ________ while she was going to call the man he wanted to speak to.
2)protect sb. from/against...保护某人不受……)
(教材原句)If you are near objects that can fall, find a shelter to protect yourself from them.你如果靠近可能坠落的物体，找个掩蔽的地方躲避它们以保护自己。
Players must wear padding to protect them from injury.
运动员们必须戴上衬垫以保护自己不受伤害。
A long thin wool coat and a purple headscarf protected her against the wind.
一件薄薄的羊毛长大衣和一条紫色头巾为她挡风。
You'd better wear a pair of sunglasses to protect your eyes from/against being harmed.
你最好戴一副太阳镜来保护你的眼睛不受伤害。
阻止……做某事
[误区警示]　(1)keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep...doing sth.使……一直做某事。
(2)keep/stop/prevent...from doing sth.结构若变为被动语态，其中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We must ________ (protect) against sudden attacks.
②They set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ________ (hunt).
③What can we do to prevent these animals ________ (die) out
④This special cream will protect your skin ________ the burning sun.
⑤We were kept ________ going out by the heavy rain.
完成句子
⑥She ______________________(保护她的眼睛不受阳光照射)with her hand.
⑦People ________________ (被阻止交流) with one another.
3)be home to (＝be the home of)是……的家园/栖息地/产地)
(教材原句)New Zealand is home to nearly 5 million people, 31 million sheep and 10 million cows.新西兰有近500万人口，3 100万只绵羊和1 000万头奶牛。
be home to a large variety of wildlife
多种野生动物的栖息地
be home to tigers and lions 老虎和狮子的家园
This large woodland is home to many birds and other wildlife.
这片大林地是许多鸟类和其他野生动物的栖息地。
Henan is home to some of the best scientists in our country.
河南是我国一些最优秀的科学家的故乡。
feel at home 无拘无束，舒适自在
away from home 离开家
bring home the bacon 成功；挣钱养家(home 是副词作状语)
make one's home 定居，居住
drive sth.home 使某事明白无误
make oneself at home 随便，别拘束
at home and abroad 国内外
He had a genius for making people feel at home.
他有一种能够使人感觉轻松自在的本领。
I believe that he will bring home the bacon.我相信他一定会成功。
We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie.
我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪儿。
You're among friends，so make yourself at home.
都是自己人，你别客气了。
[联想]　
与home相关的谚语：
East or west, home is best.
金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。
Every dog is a lion at home.
夜郞自大。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Dubai is home ________ some of the tallest skyscrapers in the world.
②We will do everything we can do to accommodate you and make you feel ________ home.
选词填空：bring/drive/be/feel
③You will really need to ________ your point home.
④It was a Sunday, so she ________ at home.
⑤Someone has to ________ home the bacon in the family.
⑥The Greens did their best to make me ________ at home.
4)be made up of由……组成/构成)
(教材原句)In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks...事实上，这个国家的三分之一由国家公园组成……
My diet is made up of meat, fish，vegetables, fruit, water, and milk.我的饮食内容包括肉、鱼、蔬菜、水果、水和牛奶。
The audience was made up of very young children.
观众由小孩子们组成。
[知识拓展]
Twenty people make up the delegation.20人组成这个代表团。
＝The delegation is made up of twenty people.
这个代表团由20人组成。
He tried to make up for all the trouble he had caused.
他设法弥补他所造成的一切麻烦。
It was so foggy that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.浓雾弥漫，司机几乎看不清前面的路。
I believe I have the talent to make it.
我相信我有获得成功的才干。
We should make the best of this valuable opportunity.
我们应该充分利用这个宝贵的机会。
I have made up my mind，and nothing you say will change it.我已经拿定主意，你讲什么，我都不会改变主意。
When we fail，we should make full use of our failure and learn from experience.
当我们失败时，我们应该充分利用我们的失败，从我们的经验中学习。
[注意]　be made up of＝consist of...
由……组成/构成，后加组成的成分。consist of 不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，但可用consisting of作非谓语动词。
be composed of和be made up of是被动形式
如：The medical team consists of 11 members.
＝The medical team is made up of/is composed of 11 members.医疗队由十一个成员组成。
[联想]　
make out辨认出；明白，理解
make it 及时到达；取得成功
make the best of 充分利用
make up one's mind下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He hadn't been able to make ________ to our dinner.
②Encouraged by my parents, I made ________ my mind to study harder.
③I worked last Saturday, so I have today off, to make up ________ it.
④The course ________ (make) up of 12 two hour sessions.
⑤If you cannot have the best, make the ________ (good) of what you have.
⑥Looking through the mist, I could make ________ the figure of a woman standing under the street lamp.
5)be hard on sb./sth.严厉对待，严格批评……；对……不公平；损害(某物))
Don't be so hard on him. He is only a child of 5 after all.
别对他那么严厉，他毕竟才5岁。
She is a very nice teacher. I have never known her to be hard on her students.
她是一位很好的老师。我从未看到她粗暴地对待学生。
It's hard on John, having to work when the others are just sitting.别人都坐着，而让约翰干活，这对他太不公平了。
be cruel to... 对……残忍
be kind/good to 对……好
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
[拓展]　be honest with sb.对某人诚实
be harmful to对……有坏处
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard ________ people.
②It's hard ________ people who don't have the latest car.
③The boss was cruel ________ his workers.
④The teacher is very strict ________ her students ________ study.
第三版块|疑难句型
1)as...as sb.can尽可能……地)
(教材原句)The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can.最重要的事情是尽可能保护自己。
[句式分析]
as much as you can在句中作状语，修饰动词protect，意为“尽可能地”保护(自己)。
Find out as much as you can about him and report back to me.尽量查找有关他的资料，向我汇报。
as fast as you can 尽可能快地(速度)
as hard as you can 尽可能努力地
as soon as you can 尽可能快地(时间)
as quickly as you can 尽可能快地(动作)
Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours.
埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了好几个小时。
During the race of 200 meters, you should run as fast as you can.在200米赛跑当中，你应该尽可能快地跑。
[学法点拨]　
as...as one can 可与as...as possible进行同义句转换。
This is an urgent document, so you ought to deliver it as soon as you can/as soon as possible.这是一份紧急文件，因此你应该尽快寄送出去。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①I now look forward to going back to work ________________ (尽快).
②Run ________________ (你尽可能快地) so that you can win first place.
③你最好尽快为志愿工作做好准备。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2)状语从句的省略)
(教材原句)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.如果可能的话，就近找一个可以覆盖你全身的坚固的遮蔽物。
If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定搭配：
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if not 如果不的话
if necessary 如有必要
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果有过的话
If so, you have to suffer from great pressure.
如果是这样，你就会承受巨大的压力。
Do you want that cake If not，I'll have it.
你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。
If necessary, he will design another new advertisement.
如有必要，他将再设计一个新的广告。
What if the boy's parents should fall ill
如果那男孩的父母病倒了该怎么办呢？
[学法点拨]　在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，构成“连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语/名词”结构。
While (I was) walking in the nearby park, I saw a crowd of people dancing.
当我在附近的公园散步时，我看到了一群人在跳舞。
If (you are) accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon.
如果被录用，你很快就会得到通知。
The flowers his friend gave him will die unless (they are) watered every day.他朋友送给他的花如果不天天浇水就会枯萎。
She went on working though (she was) tired.
她虽然累了，但仍继续工作。
[归纳拓展]
What if...？如果……怎么办？
Why not？为什么不呢？
What... for？为什么……？
when/where necessary必要的时候/地方
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①While ________ (wander), I saw the boy painting a panda on the wall.
②When ________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
③Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
④The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If ________ (breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death.
完成句子
⑤I could come earlier ____________________ (如果有必要).
⑥There are few people nowadays，__________________________ (如果有的话)，who remember him.
⑦She seldom, ____________________ (如果有过的话)，goes to the movies by herself.
⑧I might see you tomorrow.__________(如果不是), then it'll be Saturday.
3)It is a common saying that...俗话说)
(教材原句)．..it's a common saying that in New Zealand, you can get four seasons in one day！……俗话说，在新西兰，一天可以有四个季节！
It is a common saying that we do not value a thing till we lose it.俗话说，我们直到失去的时候才懂得珍惜。
It is a common saying that the weather in the UK is changeable.俗话说，英国的天气变化多端。
[归纳拓展]　
类似的句式结构：It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
It's no wonder that...难怪……
It was a great pity that he lost the match.他输了这场比赛，真是遗憾。
It is no wonder that you're tired.You've been walking for hours.难怪你会累。你已经走了好几个小时了。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①俗话说，身正不怕影子斜。
______________________a clean hand wants no washing.
②很遗憾你昨晚没有参加聚会。
______________________you didn't attend the party last night.
③他成功是不足为奇的。
______________________he should have succeeded.
4)“百分数/分数＋of＋名词”作主语)
(教材原句)In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks, which are full of hiking trails and beautiful campsites.事实上，全国三分之一的地区都是国家公园，里面到处是徒步旅行的小径和美丽的露营地。
[句式分析]　“百分数/分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词由名词的数决定。
One third of the books have been given out to the students in Grade One.三分之一的书已经分发给了一年级的学生。
One third of the coal has been used up.
三分之一的煤已经用光了。
[知识拓展]　population单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但其前有百分数或分数时，谓语动词常用复数。
The population of China is larger than that of any other country.中国的人口比其他任何国家都多。
About 80% of the population in this country are farmers.这个国家大约80%的人口是农民。
[拓展]　the majority of...大多数的……，其后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定。
如：The majority of the students are against/for the plan.大多数学生反对/支持这个计划。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors ________ (have) correct habits.
②It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries ________ (be) using emojis at work.
③As the world's population ________ (continue) to grow, the supply of food ________ (become) more and more of concern.
④One third of the country ________ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ (be) black people.
⑤The majority of citizens of the country ________ (be) against the bill (法案).
5)whether...or...不管……还是……)
(教材原句)．..Mr Wang's advice is to move away from things that can break or fall, whether you are inside or outside.……王先生的建议是，无论你是在室内还是户外，都要远离那些可能断裂或坠落的东西。
[句式分析]　whether...or...“不管……还是……”，在句中引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的结果都一样。
Whether you're looking for educational fun, or just some laid back beach time, all you need to do is hit the road.
无论你是在寻找寓教于乐的乐趣，还是只是在沙滩上享受悠闲时光，你所需要做的就是要在路上。
[联想]　whether除了用于whether...or...结构外，还可用于whether...or not和whether or not...结构，这三个结构既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
不管你是否相信，它都是真的。(让步状语从句)
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待观察。(主语从句)
[归纳拓展]　作“是……还是……”讲，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，用于提供两种选择。
Whether they consider this opinion or ignore it is not clear.(＝It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or ignore it.)他们是考虑这个意见还是忽视它还不清楚。(主语从句)
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我不能确定远处那是瀑布还是喷泉。
I can't figure out ________ it is a waterfall ________ a fountain far away.
②不管是偶然还是有意安排，他对时机的把握堪称完美。
________ by accident ________ design his timing was perfect.
③我们似乎拿不定主意是要一个现代的城市还是传统的城市。
We can't seem to make up our minds ________ we want a modern city ________ a traditional one.
④关于学生是否应该把手机带到学校这一问题一直争论不休。
There is always a debate about ________ students should carry mobile phones to school ________．
⑤这完全取决于她是否有时间。
It all depends on ________ she has the time.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The first thing he did was to find ________ (遮蔽) from the hurricane.
2．The scientists will study the variety of trees and ________ (观察)which are fruiting.
3．Even though it's the prototype for ________ (独创性), it's also something very disturbing and harmful.
4．The ________ (消失) of the wolves had many unexpected results.
5．Peter might look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly ________ (无害的)
6．After a big earthquake happens, several ________ (余震) will surely follow.
7．Do you like ________ (滑雪运动)？If so, let's go ________ (滑雪) this afternoon.
8．In his spare time she often goes door to door, gathering some ________ (金属) boxes.
9．The high price ________ (吓) away many possible buyers.
10．Here are some ________ (小册子)for you to give out among the crowds.
Ⅱ.短语填空
a bit, make up, thanks to, (be) hard on, hold on
1．Looking at a smartphone screen all day can he very ____________ the eyes.
2．Everyone knows about last year's drought now, ____________ you.
3．Women officers ____________ 13 percent of the police force in this area.
4．Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking ____________ and then running again.
5．His right arm was extended up beside his head, still ____________ to a coffee cup.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．If landslide or debris flow danger is imminent, quickly move ________ from the path of the slide.
2．________ instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies are based on your mood.
3．To test the effect of social influence on ________ (eat) habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
4.We encourage students to participate fully ________ the running of the college overseas.
5．No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique ________ humans.
6．Mumbai is thought to be home ________ millions of rag pickers.
B
1．[浙江卷]People often think of gossipers as ________ (harm), but cruel lies can cause pain.
2．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the ________ (disappear) of the Aral Sea.
3．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them ________ the heat.
4．[2020·天津二考]Libraries will often hold reading group sessions targeted to ________ (vary) age groups.
5．[全国Ⅰ卷]She encouraged a sense of community by creating ________ (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.
6．[2020·天津二考]After years of ________ (observe) human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance: curiosity and discontent.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．一些主人会把动物长期留在外面，以为所有的动物都习惯于户外生活。
Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals ______________________________ living outdoors.
2．青少年们被鼓励照顾受伤的小动物。
The teenagers are encouraged to ______________________________ the injured small animals.
3．人类的行为对气候有影响吗？
Does the human's behaviour ______________________________________ climate
4．然而，我了解到，在内心深处，他是无害的，诚实的，有一个爱的本性。
Yet，I learned that deep inside，he is ____________ and has honesty and ________________．
5．这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
There is ________________ activities for children.
Section E　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.基本词汇
1．shelter　2.brochure　3.metal　4.desert　5.beach
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．aftershock　2.observation　3.varied/various　4.scary
5．harmless; harmful　6.skiing　7.original; originality
8．disappearance　9.geographical; geographer
10．furnish; furnished
Ⅲ.重点短语
A
1．写一本关于……的手册　2.待在室内　3.双手和膝盖着地
4．条理清晰，直截了当　5.使用简单明了的语言　6.保护某人免受(……伤害)　7.仔细观察　8.避免做某事　9.坐着别动　10.坠物
B
1．make the information easy to remember　2.protect oneself
3．if possible　4.hold onto sth.　5.the frequently asked question　6.light year　7.observable universe
核心探究·讲练互动
第一版块|核心单词
1．①himself　②be sheltered　③shelters　④from　⑤动词，躲避　⑥名词，庇护
2．①chatting　②observer　③observation　④to open
⑤under　⑥about　⑦观察　⑧遵守　⑨庆祝　⑩注意
3．①varied/various　②variety　③with　④varieties　⑤from
⑥varied　⑦in　⑧varied/various　⑨vary from yellow to red　⑩varies with the season
4．①to hear　②scary　③of　④away/off　⑤off/away
⑥into　⑦was scared to death　⑧is scaring away/off
5．①original　②from　③originally　④in　⑤originality
⑥originate　⑦has its origin in
6．①into　②appearance　③from　④the　⑤disappearance　⑥appearance
7．①harmless　②harmless　③harm　④to　⑤didn't mean any harm　⑥did more harm than good　⑦harmful to
第二版块|重要短语
1．①on　②back　③to　④up　⑤out　⑥on
2．①be protected　②being hunted　③dying　④from/against
⑤from　⑥protected her eyes from the sun　⑦are kept from communicating
3．①to　②at　③drive　④was　⑤bring　⑥feel
4．①it　②up　③for　④is made　⑤best　⑥out
5．①on　②on　③to　④with；in
第三版块|疑难句型
1．①as soon as possible　②as fast as you can　③You'd better be well prepared for the voluntary work as soon as you can/as soon as possible.
2．①wandering　②completed　③left　④breathed　⑤if necessary　⑥if any　⑦if ever　⑧If not
3．①It is a common saying that　②It is a great pity that　③It is no wonder that
4．①have　②are　③continues；becomes　④is；are　⑤are
5．①whether；or　②Whether；or　③whether；or　④whether；or not　⑤whether or not
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shelter　2.observe　3.originality　4.disappearance
5．harmless　6.aftershocks　7.skiing；skiing　8.metal
9．scares　10.brochures
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．hard on　2.thanks to　3.make up　4.a bit　5.holding on
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．away　2.For　3.eating　4.in　5.to　6.to
B
1．答案与解析：harmless　根据连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，后面提及“残酷的谎言会造成痛苦”，那么由此推知，前面是说“人们常常认为搬弄是非的人是无害的”。
2．答案与解析：disappearance　作介词about的宾语，且被the限定，用名词形式。句意：几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦来写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
3．答案与解析：from　protect...from...保护……免受……。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够多的树来保护它们免受高温的侵害。
4．答案与解析：various/varied　此处用形容词作定语，修饰age groups。句意：图书馆将会经常举办针对不同年龄段的阅读小组会议。
5．答案与解析：shelters　此处shelter是可数名词，建立不止一个shelter，故用复数。句意：她通过为有需要的人建立庇护所和提升教育和服务来促进社区意识。
6．答案与解析：observing　介词of后跟动名词作宾语。句意：经过多年对人性的观察，我认为成就斐然的人和表现平平的人的区别在于两种品质：好奇心和不满足。
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．are/get used to　2.take care of　3.have an effect on
4．harmless；a loving nature　5.a full range of(共34张PPT)
Section F　单元语法专项
——定语从句的关系副词
(一) 概述
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且还充当定语从句中的一个成分。
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why。还有一个万能关系副词that。
关系副词的作用如下：
(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
(2)在从句中充当句子成分——状语；
(3)起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
关系副词的用法如下表所示：
例词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
that time, place, reason，way 时间、地点、原因、方式状语
(二) 关系副词引导定语从句
1．when的用法
when引导定语从句，其先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, morning, day，week, month, year。when在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the days when we swam together in the river.
我仍然记得我们一起在这条河中游泳的日子。
Do you know the date when they got married
你知道他们结婚的日期吗？
2．where的用法
where引导定语从句，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, spot, room, house, school, city。where在从句中作地点状语。这里说的“地点”包含：
①具体的地点，如place，house；
②抽象的地点，如position，stage；
③隐性的地点，如news，story，words，something。
Do you still remember the woods where we first met
你还记得我们第一次见面的那片树林吗？
Please keep your things in a place where you can find them easily.请把你的东西放在你容易找到的地方。
特别提示
并非所有的表示“地点”和“时间”的先行词后面的定语从句都要用where和when引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，那么就要用that或which引导。例如：
This is the house that/which my father built last year.这就是我父亲去年建造的那座房子。(定语从句缺少宾语，不用where)
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside？你还记得我们在乡村度过的那些日子？(定语从句缺少宾语，不用when)

3.why的用法
why引导定语从句，表示原因或理由，其先行词是reason。why在定语从句中作原因状语。
Is this the reason why you refuse me
这就是你拒绝我的理由吗？
She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting.
她来这儿是为了解释她没到会的原因。
特别提示
如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的原因，而是充当了定语从句谓语动词的主语或宾语，这时，要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，不用why。
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语)
4.关系副词that的用法
在现代英语中，that是一个多功能词，也可以用作关系副词引导定语从句，修饰表示时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)的先行词。that作关系副词时，相当于when, where, why，in which，而且一般可以省略。
(1)表示时间时，that相当于when或“介词＋which”。可省略。
I still remember the time(that/when/in which) I helped my father on the farm.我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月。
(2)表示地点时，that相当于where或“介词＋which”，可省略。
I have never been to the places(that/where/in which)the Indians live.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。
(3)表示原因时，that相当于why或for which，可省略。
The reason(that/why/for which)he lost his life was lack of medical care.他的死是缺乏医疗保健造成的。
(4)表示方式时，that相当于in which，可省略。
Can you work out a way(that/in which)we can solve this problem？你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗？
此时不能用how引导定语从句。注意：how从来不引导定语从句！
特别提示
英语中，定语从句的先行词可以是表示“时间、地点、原因、方式”的名词，而且引导词在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语。因此就有了相应的关系副词：when，where，why。但没有专门表示“方式”的关系副词，因此，只能使用in which(表示in the way)或that。此外，that是个万能词，可以作为关系副词引导上述四种定语从句。但是，务必注意：不要随便使用它。只有在这些先行词的词义非常明确时，即这四个词明确表示时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)时，才可以使用。
(三) 关系代词与关系副词的选用
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中所作的成分 若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词
【第一组】
This is the factory(that/which)I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词，关系代词在从句中作宾语)
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词，关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
【第二组】
Is this the museum that/which was built last year？这就是去年建成的那家博物馆吗？(关系代词在从句中作主语)
ls this the museum where the exhibition was held？这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
【第三组】
Is this the reason(that/which)he explained for being late？这就是他解释迟到的原因吗？(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
Is this the reason why he was late for class？这就是他上课迟到的原因吗？(关系副词在从句中作原因状语)
【第四组】
This is the house where my grandfather lived.
这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
This is the house(that/which)my grandfather lived in.这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系代词在从句中作介词宾语)
This is the house in which my grandfather lived.这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系代词在从句中作介词宾语)
This is the house(that/which)my grandfather built.这是我祖父建造的房子。(关系代词在从句中作及物动词的宾语)
This is the house that/which was built by my grandfather.这是我祖父建造的房子。(关系代词在从句中作主语)
(四) 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，就会影响句子意思的完整。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
医生就是负责人们健康的人。
This is the school where Tom studied. 这就是汤姆学习过的学校。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
This is the diamond ring(that/which)she referred to.
这就是她提到过的那枚钻石戒指。
2．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外，所有其他关系词如who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where均可引导。
(1)非限制性定语从句的特点
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子，或者状语从句。
Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.
昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。
My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here.
我的父母住在我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。
Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, studies at Yale now.米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁大学学习。
The house, where a murder case took place last year, has a lovely garden.
那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那里发生过一起谋杀案。
(2)非限制性定语从句的使用情况
①当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句(用which或as引导)。
The boy was badly ill，which worried his parents very much.
那个男孩病得很厉害，这让他的父母很担心。
The heavy rain lasted for half a month, which caused the flood.大雨持续了半个月，引起了水灾。
The film is very instructive, as most of the audience say.
正如大多数观众所说，这部电影很有教育意义。
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。
The moon, which is about 384，400 kilometres away from the earth on average, creates many beautiful stories.
月球离地球平均约384 400千米，创造了很多美好的故事。
We all honour Albert Einstein, who is one of the greatest physicists in the world.
我们都尊敬阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
③先行词指某人的亲属，具有唯一性和确认性时，例如son, daughter, father, mother, wife，用非限制性定语从句。
My father, who is an excellent violinist, is leaving for Canada for performances.
我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手。他正准备去加拿大演出。
特别提示
My elder sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(除了在上海工作的姐姐外，我可能还有其他姐姐。)
My elder sister，who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作。她几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(我只有一个姐姐。)④当引导定语从句的关系代词中，含有数词或some/many/few/a few/little/a little/none/much/most/half of等时，多用非限制性定语从句。
I know three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.
我认识三名外籍老师，其中两名来自加拿大。
There is too much information on the Internet，some of which is unreliable.
互联网上信息太多，其中一些不可靠。
He earns only 1，200 yuan a month, half of which is given to his son at college.
他一个月仅赚1 200元，其中一半给他上大学的儿子。
3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(图表)
从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与整个句子的关系 密切；若去掉会影响句子意义的完整性 不密切；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达
逗号的使用 不用逗号 一般用逗号
that和why 可用that或why 不可用that或why
which或who在从句中作宾语时可否省略 可省略 不可省略
whom在从句中作宾语时可否用that或who替代 可替代 不可替代
可否修饰整个句子 不可 可修饰整个句子，由which或as引导
翻译时的区别 常译作定语 常译为并列句或状语从句
In our company there are two experts who come from Germany.我们公司有两位来自德国的专家。(还有其他不是来自德国的专家)
In our company there are two experts, who come from Germany.我们公司有两位专家，他们都来自德国。
4．as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代整个主句的内容，但as和which具有不同的意义和用法。
(1)as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像”等意思，这些字眼翻译时可不译出。as定语从句中常含有这些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句末。
Respecting the old and taking care of the young，as we all know, is a good Chinese tradition.
众所周知，尊老爱幼是中国人的优良传统。
There is a net bar around here, as I remember．
我记得这附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩子喜欢玩偶而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
(2)which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。注意：它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，只能位于主句的后面。
He changed his mind again, which(＝and it)made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos，which(＝and it)upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不快。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。
Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her.
詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Peking University.
她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。
(4)当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as。
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand．
他假装不认识我，这使我搞不明白。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange．
他钦佩班里的每个人，我觉得太奇怪了。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词(包括“介词＋关系代词”)完成下列各句
1．A barrel is something made of wood or metal ________ is used to contain water or food.
2．A tube is a long hollow object ________ is usually round, like a pipe.
3．This is an adventure story ________which the author describes some mysteries of the sea.
4．The book discusses the extent _____ which family life has changed over the past 50 years.
5．Natural disasters ________ may cause damage mainly include floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides and volcanic eruptions.
that
that/which
in
to
that/which
6．What's your comment on the lecture ________ was given by the professor the other day
7．Have you ever heard of a disaster in ________ millions of living creatures died
8．A whirlpool is a small area in the sea ___________the water is moving quickly around and objects floating near it are pulled into its centre.
9．This is a file in ________ many natural disasters are recorded.
10．We still remember the day ________which a big earthquake hit Tangshan and about 400 thousand people were seriously injured or killed.
11．Natural disasters cause death, loss and damage，________ cannot be measured.
that/which
which
where/in which
which
on
which
12．The rescue teams attempted to rescue the people _____ were trapped in the ruins and dust.
13．The rescue workers brought tents and lamps to the shelters ______________the victims were staying.
14．No one remembers the time ________those explorers reached the most distant continent, Antarctica.
15．Can you give me a case ____________ the three words honesty, sincerity and bravery are used
16．You can't grow crops in a soil ________ weeds grow.
17．On this crowded planet, the landscape ________ can be enjoyed is becoming less and less.
18．The jungle is a place ______________ many animals can survive and escape from hunters.
who　
in which/where
when
where/in which
where
that/which
where/in which
Ⅱ.用适当的关系副词填空
1．Do you remember the afternoon ________ we first met three years ago
2．I'll never forget the occasion ________ I was accepted as a League member.
3．July and August are the months ________ the weather is hot.
4．This is the time _______ you should take a break and start something else.
5．They will fly to Washington，________ they plan to stay for two or three days.
6．—Where did you get to know her
—It was on the farm ________ we worked.
when
when
when
when
where
where
7．The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago.
8．Students should take part in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
9．All the neighbours admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
10．Today，we'll discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
11．I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
12．We are living in an age ________ many things are done on the computer.
where
where
where　
where　
when
when
13．Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
14．—What do you think of teaching, Bob
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
15．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
16．It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
17．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
18．Stephen Hawking believed that the earth was unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.
where
where
where
where
where
whereSection F　单元语法专项——定语从句的关系副词
(一) 概述
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且还充当定语从句中的一个成分。
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why。还有一个万能关系副词that。
关系副词的作用如下：
(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
(2)在从句中充当句子成分——状语；
(3)起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
关系副词的用法如下表所示：
例词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
that time, place, reason，way 时间、地点、原因、方式状语
(二) 关系副词引导定语从句
1．when的用法
when引导定语从句，其先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, morning, day，week, month, year。when在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the days when we swam together in the river.
我仍然记得我们一起在这条河中游泳的日子。
Do you know the date when they got married
你知道他们结婚的日期吗？
2．where的用法
where引导定语从句，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place, spot, room, house, school, city。where在从句中作地点状语。这里说的“地点”包含：
①具体的地点，如place，house；
②抽象的地点，如position，stage；
③隐性的地点，如news，story，words，something。
Do you still remember the woods where we first met
你还记得我们第一次见面的那片树林吗？
Please keep your things in a place where you can find them easily.请把你的东西放在你容易找到的地方。
特别提示
并非所有的表示“地点”和“时间”的先行词后面的定语从句都要用where和when引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，那么就要用that或which引导。例如：
This is the house that/which my father built last year.这就是我父亲去年建造的那座房子。(定语从句缺少宾语，不用where)
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in the countryside？你还记得我们在乡村度过的那些日子？(定语从句缺少宾语，不用when)
3.why的用法
why引导定语从句，表示原因或理由，其先行词是reason。why在定语从句中作原因状语。
Is this the reason why you refuse me
这就是你拒绝我的理由吗？
She came around to explain the reason why she was absent from the meeting.
她来这儿是为了解释她没到会的原因。
特别提示
如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的原因，而是充当了定语从句谓语动词的主语或宾语，这时，要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，不用why。
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(that/which在定语从句中作宾语)
4.关系副词that的用法
在现代英语中，that是一个多功能词，也可以用作关系副词引导定语从句，修饰表示时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)的先行词。that作关系副词时，相当于when, where, why，in which，而且一般可以省略。
(1)表示时间时，that相当于when或“介词＋which”。可省略。
I still remember the time(that/when/in which) I helped my father on the farm.我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月。
(2)表示地点时，that相当于where或“介词＋which”，可省略。
I have never been to the places(that/where/in which)the Indians live.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。
(3)表示原因时，that相当于why或for which，可省略。
The reason(that/why/for which)he lost his life was lack of medical care.他的死是缺乏医疗保健造成的。
(4)表示方式时，that相当于in which，可省略。
Can you work out a way(that/in which)we can solve this problem？你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗？
此时不能用how引导定语从句。注意：how从来不引导定语从句！
特别提示
英语中，定语从句的先行词可以是表示“时间、地点、原因、方式”的名词，而且引导词在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语。因此就有了相应的关系副词：when，where，why。但没有专门表示“方式”的关系副词，因此，只能使用in which(表示in the way)或that。此外，that是个万能词，可以作为关系副词引导上述四种定语从句。但是，务必注意：不要随便使用它。只有在这些先行词的词义非常明确时，即这四个词明确表示时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)时，才可以使用。
(三) 关系代词与关系副词的选用
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中所作的成分 若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词
【第一组】
This is the factory(that/which)I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词，关系代词在从句中作宾语)
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词，关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
【第二组】
Is this the museum that/which was built last year？这就是去年建成的那家博物馆吗？(关系代词在从句中作主语)
ls this the museum where the exhibition was held？这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
【第三组】
Is this the reason(that/which)he explained for being late？这就是他解释迟到的原因吗？(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
Is this the reason why he was late for class？这就是他上课迟到的原因吗？(关系副词在从句中作原因状语)
【第四组】
This is the house where my grandfather lived.
这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系副词在从句中作地点状语)
This is the house(that/which)my grandfather lived in.这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系代词在从句中作介词宾语)
This is the house in which my grandfather lived.这是我祖父住过的房子。(关系代词在从句中作介词宾语)
This is the house(that/which)my grandfather built.这是我祖父建造的房子。(关系代词在从句中作及物动词的宾语)
This is the house that/which was built by my grandfather.这是我祖父建造的房子。(关系代词在从句中作主语)
(四) 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的密切程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1．限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，就会影响句子意思的完整。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
医生就是负责人们健康的人。
This is the school where Tom studied.
这就是汤姆学习过的学校。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
This is the diamond ring(that/which)she referred to.
这就是她提到过的那枚钻石戒指。
2．非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外，所有其他关系词如who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where均可引导。
(1)非限制性定语从句的特点
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子，或者状语从句。
Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.
昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。
My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here.
我的父母住在我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。
Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, studies at Yale now.米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁大学学习。
The house, where a murder case took place last year, has a lovely garden.
那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那里发生过一起谋杀案。
(2)非限制性定语从句的使用情况
①当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句(用which或as引导)。
The boy was badly ill，which worried his parents very much.
那个男孩病得很厉害，这让他的父母很担心。
The heavy rain lasted for half a month, which caused the flood.大雨持续了半个月，引起了水灾。
The film is very instructive, as most of the audience say.
正如大多数观众所说，这部电影很有教育意义。
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。
The moon, which is about 384，400 kilometres away from the earth on average, creates many beautiful stories.
月球离地球平均约384 400千米，创造了很多美好的故事。
We all honour Albert Einstein, who is one of the greatest physicists in the world.
我们都尊敬阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
③先行词指某人的亲属，具有唯一性和确认性时，例如son, daughter, father, mother, wife，用非限制性定语从句。
My father, who is an excellent violinist, is leaving for Canada for performances.
我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手。他正准备去加拿大演出。
特别提示
My elder sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(除了在上海工作的姐姐外，我可能还有其他姐姐。)
My elder sister，who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作。她几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(我只有一个姐姐。)④当引导定语从句的关系代词中，含有数词或some/many/few/a few/little/a little/none/much/most/half of等时，多用非限制性定语从句。
I know three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.
我认识三名外籍老师，其中两名来自加拿大。
There is too much information on the Internet，some of which is unreliable.
互联网上信息太多，其中一些不可靠。
He earns only 1，200 yuan a month, half of which is given to his son at college.
他一个月仅赚1 200元，其中一半给他上大学的儿子。
3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(图表)
从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与整个句子的关系 密切；若去掉会影响句子意义的完整性 不密切；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达
逗号的使用 不用逗号 一般用逗号
that和why 可用that或why 不可用that或why
which或who在从句中作宾语时可否省略 可省略 不可省略
whom在从句中作宾语时可否用that或who替代 可替代 不可替代
可否修饰整个句子 不可 可修饰整个句子，由which或as引导
翻译时的区别 常译作定语 常译为并列句或状语从句
In our company there are two experts who come from Germany.我们公司有两位来自德国的专家。(还有其他不是来自德国的专家)
In our company there are two experts, who come from Germany.我们公司有两位专家，他们都来自德国。
4．as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代整个主句的内容，但as和which具有不同的意义和用法。
(1)as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像”等意思，这些字眼翻译时可不译出。as定语从句中常含有这些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句末。
Respecting the old and taking care of the young，as__we__all__know,__is a good Chinese tradition.
众所周知，尊老爱幼是中国人的优良传统。
There is a net bar around here, as__I__remember．
我记得这附近有一家网吧。
As__is__often__the__case,__girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩子喜欢玩偶而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
(2)which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。注意：它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，只能位于主句的后面。
He changed his mind again, which(＝and it)made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos，which(＝and it)upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不快。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。
Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her.
詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Peking University.
她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。
(4)当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as。
He pretended not to know me, which__I__didn't__understand．
他假装不认识我，这使我搞不明白。
He admires everyone in his class, which__I__find__quite__strange．
他钦佩班里的每个人，我觉得太奇怪了。
[即学即练]
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词(包括“介词＋关系代词”)完成下列各句
1．A barrel is something made of wood or metal ________ is used to contain water or food.
2．A tube is a long hollow object ________ is usually round, like a pipe.
3．This is an adventure story ________which the author describes some mysteries of the sea.
4．The book discusses the extent ________ which family life has changed over the past 50 years.
5．Natural disasters ________ may cause damage mainly include floods, droughts, hurricanes, landslides and volcanic eruptions.
6．What's your comment on the lecture ________ was given by the professor the other day
7．Have you ever heard of a disaster in ________ millions of living creatures died
8．A whirlpool is a small area in the sea ________the water is moving quickly around and objects floating near it are pulled into its centre.
9．This is a file in ________ many natural disasters are recorded.
10．We still remember the day ________which a big earthquake hit Tangshan and about 400 thousand people were seriously injured or killed.
11．Natural disasters cause death, loss and damage，________ cannot be measured.
12．The rescue teams attempted to rescue the people ________ were trapped in the ruins and dust.
13．The rescue workers brought tents and lamps to the shelters ________the victims were staying.
14．No one remembers the time ________those explorers reached the most distant continent, Antarctica.
15．Can you give me a case ________ the three words honesty, sincerity and bravery are used
16．You can't grow crops in a soil ________ weeds grow.
17．On this crowded planet, the landscape ________ can be enjoyed is becoming less and less.
18．The jungle is a place ________ many animals can survive and escape from hunters.
Ⅱ.用适当的关系副词填空
1．Do you remember the afternoon ________ we first met three years ago
2．I'll never forget the occasion ________ I was accepted as a League member.
3．July and August are the months ________ the weather is hot.
4．This is the time ________ you should take a break and start something else.
5．They will fly to Washington，________ they plan to stay for two or three days.
6．—Where did you get to know her
—It was on the farm ________ we worked.
7．The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago.
8．Students should take part in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
9．All the neighbours admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
10．Today，we'll discuss a number of cases ________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
11．I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
12．We are living in an age ________ many things are done on the computer.
13．Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
14．—What do you think of teaching, Bob
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
15．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
16．It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
17．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
18．Stephen Hawking believed that the earth was unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.
Section F　单元语法专项——定语从句的关系副词
即学即练
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词(包括“介词＋关系代词”)完成下列各句
1．that　2.that/which　3.in　4.to　5.that/which　6.that/which　7.which　8.where/in which　9.which　10.on
11．which　12.who　13.in which/where　14.when
15．where/in which　16.where　17.that/which　18.where/in which
Ⅱ.用适当的关系副词填空
1．when　2.when　3.when　4.when　5.where　6.where　7.where　8.where　9.where　10.where　11.when
12．when　13.where　14.where　15.where　16.where
17．where　18.where(共13张PPT)
Section G　单元写作专题
主题写作——人与自然
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，是新华中学的一名学生，你们学校正在举行安全月活动，请你写一篇关于地震逃生的文章向校报投稿。内容提示如下：
(1)地震发生时，你在教室或宿舍中；
(2)你在校园中活动；
(3)你正好在上学或放学的途中。
注意：
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Xinhua Middle School.____________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Thank you for your reading.
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确、四分段)
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——安全建议信
主题：向校报投稿介绍地震发生时的个人安全防护
(2)二定：确定时态和人称(与体裁和主题息息相关)
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：以第一人称为主，第二人称为辅
(3)三明确
明确写作要点：介绍写信的目的——分享地震中的逃生技巧(三种常见的情况)
(4)四分段(与写作要点息息相关)
结合写作要点，正文部分可分为三段。
3.素材整理
(1)关键句式
It's my honour to do sth.，brochure, life saving, as follows, in the dormitory, keep calm, run out of, instead, such as, happen to do, move to the open areas, besides, stay seated, last but not least, observe the surroundings
(2)完成句子
①我很荣幸有写关于逃生的小册子的机会。
______________ have such a chance to write a brochure __________．
②我认为地震时我们应该按照下面的去做。
I think we should do _________ when in the earthquake.
③如果我们正在教室里学习或者在宿舍里休息，我们应该保持冷静。
____ we are studying in the classroom or resting in the dormitory, we should _________．
It's my honour to
on life saving
as follows
If
keep calm
④不要企图跑出大楼。
Don't _____________ the building.
⑤而是找一个安全的可以藏身的地方，比如课桌或床的下面。
________， find a safe place ________ we can hide ourselves such as under a desk or bed.
⑥如果恰好在校园里活动，我们应该快速转移到空旷的地方去。
If we ___________ in the school yard, we should move to the open areas quickly.
try to run out of
Instead
where
happen to play
⑦还有，如果我们在上学或放学的路上，我们应该待在车里坐着不动或骑自行车远离树木和电线。
________，if we are on the way to or from school, we should ________ in the car or ride our bikes ________ trees and power lines.
⑧最后但同等重要的是，我们应该保持冷静并观察周围环境。
______________，we should be calm and ________ the surroundings.
Besides
stay seated
away from
Last but not least
observe
4．整理成文
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
整理成文
Dear Editor，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Xinhua Middle School. It's my honour to have such a chance to write a brochure on life saving. I think we should do as follows when in the earthquake.
If we are studying in the classroom or resting in the dormitory, we should keep calm. Don't try to run out of the building. Instead, find a safe place where we can hide ourselves such as under a desk or bed. If we happen to play in the school yard, we should move to the open areas quickly such as the playground. Besides, if we are on the way to or from school, we should stay seated in the car or ride our bikes away from trees and power lines. Last but not least, we should be calm and observe the surroundings.
Thank you for your reading.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
假设你是李华，上周末去某个岛上游玩，看见很多可爱的动物，听岛上的一位老人说，现在动物的数量日益减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物可能会灭绝。回来后你给野生动物保护协会写了一封信，就保护野生动物提出一些建议。
注意：①词数80左右；
②开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：增强意识raise one's awareness
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my concerns on how to protect the wildlife on the island I visited last weekend.____________________________________
_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
写作练习
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my concerns on how to protect the wildlife on the island I visited last weekend. It's said that the number of the wildlife is decreasing year by year. If some measures aren't taken, wildlife will be in danger of disappearance．
As far as I'm concerned, laws concerning wildlife protection should be made to punish those illegal hunters. It is necessary to set up national reserves. What's more, something should be done to raise people's awareness of protecting wildlife. Please help the poor wildlife. I am sure that they will survive with your help.
Yours，
Li HuaSection G　单元写作专题
主题写作——人与自然
1．写作任务
假设你是李华，是新华中学的一名学生，你们学校正在举行安全月活动，请你写一篇关于地震逃生的文章向校报投稿。内容提示如下：
(1)地震发生时，你在教室或宿舍中；
(2)你在校园中活动；
(3)你正好在上学或放学的途中。
注意：
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Xinhua Middle School.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your reading.
Yours，
Li Hua
2．写作思路(一审、二定、三明确、四分段)
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——安全建议信
主题：向校报投稿介绍地震发生时的个人安全防护
(2)二定：确定时态和人称(与体裁和主题息息相关)
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：以第一人称为主，第二人称为辅
(3)三明确
明确写作要点：介绍写信的目的——分享地震中的逃生技巧(三种常见的情况)
(4)四分段(与写作要点息息相关)
结合写作要点，正文部分可分为三段。
3.素材整理
(1)关键句式
It's my honour to do sth.，brochure, life saving, as follows, in the dormitory, keep calm, run out of, instead, such as, happen to do, move to the open areas, besides, stay seated, last but not least, observe the surroundings
(2)完成句子
①我很荣幸有写关于逃生的小册子的机会。
________________________________ have such a chance to write a brochure ________________．
②我认为地震时我们应该按照下面的去做。
I think we should do ________________ when in the earthquake.
③如果我们正在教室里学习或者在宿舍里休息，我们应该保持冷静。
______________ we are studying in the classroom or resting in the dormitory, we should ________________________．
④不要企图跑出大楼。
Don't ________________________________ the building.
⑤而是找一个安全的可以藏身的地方，比如课桌或床的下面。
________， find a safe place ________ we can hide ourselves such as under a desk or bed.
⑥如果恰好在校园里活动，我们应该快速转移到空旷的地方去。
If we ________ in the school yard, we should move to the open areas quickly.
⑦还有，如果我们在上学或放学的路上，我们应该待在车里坐着不动或骑自行车远离树木和电线。
________ ，if we are on the way to or from school, we should ________________ in the car or ride our bikes ________ trees and power lines.
⑧最后但同等重要的是，我们应该保持冷静并观察周围环境。
________________________________，we should be calm and ________ the surroundings.
4．整理成文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．写作练习
假设你是李华，上周末去某个岛上游玩，看见很多可爱的动物，听岛上的一位老人说，现在动物的数量日益减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物可能会灭绝。回来后你给野生动物保护协会写了一封信，就保护野生动物提出一些建议。
注意：①词数80左右；
②开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：增强意识raise one's awareness
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my concerns on how to protect the wildlife on the island I visited last weekend.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
Section G　单元写作专题
3．素材整理
①It's my honour to；on life saving　②as follows　③If；keep calm　④try to run out of　⑤Instead；where　⑥happen to play　⑦Besides；stay seated；away from　⑧Last but not least；observe
4．整理成文
Dear Editor，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Xinhua Middle School. It's my honour to have such a chance to write a brochure on life saving. I think we should do as follows when in the earthquake.
If we are studying in the classroom or resting in the dormitory, we should keep calm. Don't try to run out of the building. Instead, find a safe place where we can hide ourselves such as under a desk or bed. If we happen to play in the school yard, we should move to the open areas quickly such as the playground. Besides, if we are on the way to or from school, we should stay seated in the car or ride our bikes away from trees and power lines. Last but not least, we should be calm and observe the surroundings.
Thank you for your reading.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．写作练习
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to express my concerns on how to protect the wildlife on the island I visited last weekend. It's said that the number of the wildlife is decreasing year by year. If some measures aren't taken, wildlife will be in danger of disappearance．
As far as I'm concerned, laws concerning wildlife protection should be made to punish those illegal hunters. It is necessary to set up national reserves. What's more, something should be done to raise people's awareness of protecting wildlife. Please help the poor wildlife. I am sure that they will survive with your help.
Yours，
Li Hua