(共55张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.shallow A．adv.因此，由此
( )2.sheet B．adj.浅的
( )3.therefore C．v.阻挡，防止
( )4.prevent D．v.设计
( )5.design E．n.(冰或水等的)一大片
B
E
A
C
D
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ n. 地区，区域→regional adj. 地区的；局部的；整个地区的
2．________ n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的
3．________ n. 农业→agricultural adj. 农业的
4．________ v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣→attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物
5．________ v. 欣赏，观赏→admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；令人赞赏的
region
tradition
agriculture
attract
admire
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．turn...________ 使……变成
2．prevent...________ 阻止某人做某事
3．provide...________ 为……提供……
4．pass________ 传递；传下来
5．wash________ 冲走
into
from
for
down
away
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ adv. 因此，由此
2．________ adj. 浅的
3．________ v. 阻挡，防止
4．________ adj. 重要的，影响深远的
5．________ v. 设计
6．________ n. 传统
7．________ n. 一代人
8．________ n. 农业
9．________ v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣
10．________ v. 欣赏，观赏
therefore
shallow
prevent
significant
design
tradition
generation
agriculture
attract
admire
Ⅱ.短语填空
as far as the eye can see, turn...into, prevent...from, provide...for, pass down
1．The art ________________ for centuries.
2．I was ____________ going by urgent (紧急的) business.
3．There are pine trees _________________．
4．He ________ failure _____ success finally.
5．Free lunch ____________ all comers.
has been passed down
prevented from
as far as the eye can see
turned
into
is provided for
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人修建的，广西是他们的家乡。
These terraces __________ the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
2．因此，修建梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的面积。
________________ therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
3．这种知识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代的人继续使用古老的农耕方式来维持梯田的运作。
This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations __________________________ agriculture to maintain the terraces.
were built by
Building the terraces
continue to use ancient methods of
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
Introduce
history
Why
designed
attraction
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
从元朝开始，梯田的修筑花了几百年的时间，直到清朝初期才完成。
2．These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
这些梯田，也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
3．Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
今天，龙脊梯田吸引成千上万的游客前来欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
Ⅲ.框架建构：整体理解
Paragraphs Details
1 The 1.________ of the Longji Rice Terraces in four seasons
2 Terraces started in the 2.________ Dynasty and were completed in the early Qing Dynasty.
3 The reasons why 3.________ people built terraces.
4 The terraces are 4.________ designed.
5 The Longji Rice Terraces 5.________ thousands of visitors.
colours
Yuan
local
cleverly
attract
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．According to the author, who built terraces in Guangxi
A．Only Zhuang people.
B．Only Yao people.
C．Zhuang and Yao people.
D．Han people.
2．Which period do the terraces date back to
A．The Yuan Dynasty.
B．The Ming Dynasty.
C．The Qing Dynasty.
D．Not mentioned.
3．How many reasons why common people built terraces are mentioned in the text
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
4．How do local people get along with nature
A．Badly.
B．Harmoniously.
C．Worse.
D．Not mentioned.
[教材原文]
Longji Rice Terraces
Imagine mountains wrapped① in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets② of white frost③. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces④.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty⑤ 【1】， work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion⑥ in the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see⑦ 【2】， these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
【1】Starting in the Yuan Dynasty为非谓语动词作状语。
【2】Reaching as far as the eye can see为非谓语动词作状语。
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region⑧. Building the terraces therefore⑨ meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice 【3】. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep⑩ and the soil is shallow . The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
【3】本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中还有一个in which引导的定语从句。
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice 【4】. The terraces are cleverly designed ， with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour . This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again 【5】. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops 【6】．
【4】what is most significant为主语从句，in which引导的定语从句修饰先行词way。
【5】from which引导的定语从句修饰先行词clouds。
【6】some of which...为非限制性定语从句。
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value 【7】. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces 【8】. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together 【9】．
【7】Although引导让步状语从句，for whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词people。
【8】which引导非限制性定语从句。
【9】who引导的定语从句修饰先行词visitors。created by people and nature working together为过去分词短语作定语。people and nature working together是动名词的复合结构，作介词by的宾语。
[词汇积累]
①wrap/r p/v．包，裹
②sheet/ i t/n.(冰或水等的)一大片
③frost/fr st/n.霜
④terrace/'terIs/n.梯田
⑤dynasty/'dIn sti/n．朝代
⑥completion/k m'pli ( )n/n.完成，结束
⑦as far as the eye can see眼睛能看到的地方；目之所及
⑧region/'ri d ( )n/n.地区，区域
⑨therefore/' e f /adv.因此，由此
⑩steep/sti p/adj.陡的，陡峭的
soil/s Il/n.土壤
shallow/' l /adj.浅的
prevent/prI'vent/v．阻挡，防止
significant adj.重要的，影响深远的
harmony/'hɑ m ni/n．融洽相处，和谐
design/dI'zaIn/v．设计
vapour/'veIp /n．蒸气
harm/hɑ m/v．伤害，损害
crop/kr p/n．庄稼，作物
tradition n．传统
hold much value很有价值
generation n．一代人
agriculture/' ɡrI k lt /n．农业
attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣
admire v．欣赏，观赏
[课文译文]
龙脊梯田
想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；夏天，随着水稻的生长，山变成了鲜绿色；秋天，这些山都是金黄的，而在冬天，它们又被白霜覆盖。这就是绚丽多彩的龙脊梯田。
这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民建造的，广西是他们的家乡。从元朝开始，梯田的修筑花了几百年的时间，直到清朝初期才完成。这些梯田覆盖着高高的山脉，从山脚一直延伸到山顶，一直延伸到眼睛所能看到的地方。
那么，这些人为什么费这么大的劲把整个山脉变成梯田呢？首先，该地区很少有大片平坦的土地。因此，修建梯田意味着他们可以增加水稻的种植面积。第二，虽然这个地区雨水充足，但山势陡峭，土层浅薄。水平的梯田能够储存雨水，防止土壤流失。
但也许最重要的是这种人与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。梯田设计巧妙，有数百条水路相互连接。在雨季，雨水会沿着这些水道从山上流下，进入梯田。水分经太阳蒸发形成水蒸气，水蒸气形成云，而雨水又从云层中落到山上的梯田里。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
尽管现代科技可以帮助生产更多的作物，但是这些梯田对于很重视传统的当地人来说仍然具有重要的意义。这种认识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代的人继续使用古老的农耕方式来维持梯田的运作。今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
1.wrap v．包，裹
I wrapped (up) the baby in a blanket.
＝I wrapped a blanket around the baby.
我用一条毯子把那个婴儿裹了起来。
A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。
[归纳探究]
wrap...up 把……包起来
wrap up a present 包礼物
wrap (up) A in B 用B把A包起来
wrap A round/around B 用A把B包起来
[名师指津] wrap的过去式、过去分词、现在分词都要双写p。
wrap—wrapped—wrapped—wrapping
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
He spent the evening ________ (wrap) up the New Year presents.
wrapping
2.shallow adj.浅的，肤浅的
Before that, ancient waters flowed wide and shallow over the land.
在那之前，古老的水域宽而浅地流经陆地。
If he's only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.
如果他只是对你的外貌感兴趣，那说明他是多么肤浅。
[语境助记] Tom was ashamed of the shallow ideas that he put forward at the meeting.汤姆对于自己在会议上提出的肤浅的观点感到羞愧。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①These fish are found in ________________________ (海边浅水水域)．
②It was fortunate that _________________ (水很浅)．
shallow waters around the coast
the water was shallow
3.prevent v．阻挡，防止，阻止
The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.平整的梯田留住雨水，并防止泥土被冲走。
But this did not prevent the parents unable to shake their heads.
但这丝毫没有阻止父母不住地摇头。
We really want to see preventable deaths coming down in the next decade or so.
我们真的希望在未来十年左右看到可预防的死亡人数下降。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①What do you think are the major problems which _____________
__________ (阻碍学生学习)
②The local enterprises should take measures to __________________ (防止大气污染)．
prevent students
prevent the air pollution
from learning
4.harmony n．融洽相处，和谐
We should protect wild animals from being harmed and live in harmony with them.我们应该保护野生动物不受伤害，与它们和谐相处。
My cat and dog live in perfect harmony.
我的猫和狗相处得十分和睦。
We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us.我们必须努力和我们自己以及周围的人和睦相处。
Our government is aiming to build a harmonious society.
我们的政府旨在建设一个和谐社会。
[归纳探究]
in harmony with 与……协调/一致
out of harmony 不协调，不和谐
live/work in harmony 和谐生活/工作
colour harmony 色彩协调
world harmony 世界和睦
[名师指津]
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；和谐的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His suggestions are ___ harmony with the aims of this project.
②The figure in the picture is in complete harmony ______ the scenery.
③Devoted to keeping a lasting peace, we expect to live in a __________ (harmony) world.
in
with
harmonious
5.design v．设计
The poster was designed for the campaign.海报是为活动而设计的。
We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
我们永远也不会知道这件事是碰巧发生的还是人为的。
Several developers have designs on the project.
好几个开发商都在觊觎这个项目。
The experiment is designed to test the new drug.
这个实验是为测试这一新药而设计的。
[归纳探究]
be designed for... 为……设计
be designed as 被设计用作……
be designed to do... 被设计做……
by design 故意地
have designs on 图谋得到某物
[图形助记]
The designer is designing fashionable clothes for the model.设计师正在为模特设计时髦的服装。
[名师指津]
(1)表示“故意地”的词和短语：
on purpose deliberately
(2)与by design意思相反的短语：
by accident 意外地，偶然地
by chance 偶然地；意外地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In order to support his family, he designs advertisements _____ a company.
②The plan is designed ________ (reduce) the company's mountainous debts.
③Whether this happened ____ design or not we shall never know.
④There are toilets which are designed _____ the disabled in many public places.
⑤It took the ________ (design) a week ________ (design) the house.
⑥Most colleges now offer first year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
for
to reduce
by
for
designer
to design
designed
6.harm v．伤害，损害
Some insects can harm the rice crops.某些昆虫会危害水稻。
Fake products do harm to people's health.
伪劣产品对人们的健康有害。
There is no harm in taking advice, but you should set your own goals.听取建议是无害的，但你要设定自己的目标。
No matter who you are, the extreme dieting can be very harmful.
不管你是谁，极端的节食都是非常有害的。
[归纳探究]
(1)harm n. 伤害；损害
do harm to 对……有害
(2)There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.
＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.
＝It wouldn't do sb. any harm to do sth.
做某事(对某人)没有什么坏处
(3)harmful adj. 有害的
[联想拓展] (1)“对……造成损害”的表达：
do damage to cause damage to
(2)“be＋adj.＋to”结构的短语：
be similar to 同……相似
be familiar to 为……所熟知
be kind to 对……友好
be equal to 能胜任；与……相等
be accustomed to 习惯于……
be addicted to 沉迷于……
be used to 习惯于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What you have done might do harm ____ others.
②The high income tax is ________ (harm) in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more income.
③Maybe she can't help us but it does no harm ______ (ask)．
to
harmful
to ask
7.(教材原句)Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
夏天来了，随着水稻的生长，山变成了鲜绿色。
[句式解构] see，find，witness等词前用表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，这是一种拟人手法，用来增添语言色彩，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生(某情况)，经历或经受了某事”。
Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street.
黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。
The 1960s witnessed the first translation into English of the famous work Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu.
20世纪60年代，钱钟书的著名作品《围城》第一次有了英译本。
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.周四，我们将前往巴黎作短途旅行，在那里我们将参观巴黎迪士尼乐园，逗留到了很晚，观看游行和烟花。
[写作佳句] The old tree has seen the improvement of people's living standard.这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。
[即学即练] 单句写作
①这座城市经历了很多变化。(see)
___________________________
②20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。(witness)
_______________________________________
The city has seen many changes.
The twentieth century witnessed two world wars.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lightning is the very bright f________ of light in the sky that happens during thunderstorms.
2．In the morning, I woke up to find the ground outside covered with a thin (薄的) s________ of white snow.
3．Paper cutting dates back to the time of the Northern and Southern D________．
4．The stream was quite s________ so we were able to walk across it.
5．If you had been more careful in the exam, such mistakes could have been ________ (防止)．
flash
sheet
Dynasties
shallow
prevented
6．One of the ________ (重要的) moments in my life was when I conquered (克服) my fear and stood on the stage making a speech to hundreds of people.
7．It is really a hard job to ________ (设计) a perfect railway in that vast desert.
8．As I enter my 40s，I've noticed many of my parents' ________ (一代人) think social networking is something they are simply unable to understand.
9．I know you're interested in Chinese festivals，and ________ (因此) I have chosen an album of paper cutting for you.
10．Different ________ (地区)had different accents, which made it difficult to understand each other.
significant
design
generation
therefore
regions
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In autumn, frost is ________ (harm) to the vegetable production.
2．They have ________ (design) a special course to suit special needs.
3．As an __________ (agriculture) country, China has made amazing achievements in grain production.
4．In order to build a __________ (harmony) society, we must concentrate on solving various social problems.
5．People marched to prevent the authority ________ (publish) the tax increase bill.
6．These terraces can provide a perfect environment _____ birds.
harmful
designed
agricultural
harmonious
publishing
forUnit 6 At one with nature
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.shallow A．adv.因此，由此
( )2.sheet B．adj.浅的
( )3.therefore C．v.阻挡，防止
( )4.prevent D．v.设计
( )5.design E．n.(冰或水等的)一大片
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ n. 地区，区域→regional adj. 地区的；局部的；整个地区的
2．________ n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的
3．________ n. 农业→agricultural adj. 农业的
4．________ v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣→attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物
5．________ v. 欣赏，观赏→admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；令人赞赏的
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．turn...________ 使……变成
2．prevent...________ 阻止某人做某事
3．provide...________ 为……提供……
4．pass________ 传递；传下来
5．wash________ 冲走
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ adv. 因此，由此
2．________ adj. 浅的
3．________ v. 阻挡，防止
4．________ adj. 重要的，影响深远的
5．________ v. 设计
6．________ n. 传统
7．________ n. 一代人
8．________ n. 农业
9．________ v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣
10．________ v. 欣赏，观赏
Ⅱ.短语填空
as far as the eye can see, turn...into, prevent...from, provide...for, pass down
1．The art ____________ for centuries.
2．I was ____________ going by urgent (紧急的) business.
3．There are pine trees ____________．
4．He ________ failure ________ success finally.
5．Free lunch ____________ all comers.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人修建的，广西是他们的家乡。
These terraces ________________ the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
2．因此，修建梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的面积。
____________________ therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
3．这种知识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代的人继续使用古老的农耕方式来维持梯田的运作。
This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations ____________________ agriculture to maintain the terraces.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.框架建构：整体理解
Paragraphs Details
1 The 1.________ of the Longji Rice Terraces in four seasons
2 Terraces started in the 2.________ Dynasty and were completed in the early Qing Dynasty.
3 The reasons why 3.________ people built terraces.
4 The terraces are 4.________ designed.
5 The Longji Rice Terraces 5.________ thousands of visitors.
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．According to the author, who built terraces in Guangxi
A．Only Zhuang people.
B．Only Yao people.
C．Zhuang and Yao people.
D．Han people.
2．Which period do the terraces date back to
A．The Yuan Dynasty. B．The Ming Dynasty.
C．The Qing Dynasty. D．Not mentioned.
3．How many reasons why common people built terraces are mentioned in the text
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
4．How do local people get along with nature
A．Badly. B．Harmoniously.
C．Worse. D．Not mentioned.
[教材原文]
Longji Rice Terraces
Imagine mountains wrapped① in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets② of white frost③. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces④.
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty⑤ 【1】， work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion⑥ in the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see⑦ 【2】， these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
【1】Starting in the Yuan Dynasty为非谓语动词作状语。
【2】Reaching as far as the eye can see为非谓语动词作状语。
So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region⑧. Building the terraces therefore⑨ meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice 【3】. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep⑩ and the soil is shallow . The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
【3】本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中还有一个in which引导的定语从句。
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice 【4】. The terraces are cleverly designed ， with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour . This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again 【5】. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops 【6】．
【4】what is most significant为主语从句，in which引导的定语从句修饰先行词way。
【5】from which引导的定语从句修饰先行词clouds。
【6】some of which...为非限制性定语从句。
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value 【7】. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces 【8】. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together 【9】．
【7】Although引导让步状语从句，for whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词people。
【8】which引导非限制性定语从句。
【9】who引导的定语从句修饰先行词visitors。created by people and nature working together为过去分词短语作定语。people and nature working together是动名词的复合结构，作介词by的宾语。
[词汇积累]
①wrap/r p/v．包，裹
②sheet/ i t/n.(冰或水等的)一大片
③frost/fr st/n.霜
④terrace/'terIs/n.梯田
⑤dynasty/'dIn sti/n．朝代
⑥completion/k m'pli ( )n/n.完成，结束
⑦as far as the eye can see眼睛能看到的地方；目之所及
⑧region/'ri d ( )n/n.地区，区域
⑨therefore/' e f /adv.因此，由此
⑩steep/sti p/adj.陡的，陡峭的
soil/s Il/n.土壤
shallow/' l /adj.浅的
prevent/prI'vent/v．阻挡，防止
significant adj.重要的，影响深远的
harmony/'hɑ m ni/n．融洽相处，和谐
design/dI'zaIn/v．设计
vapour/'veIp /n．蒸气
harm/hɑ m/v．伤害，损害
crop/kr p/n．庄稼，作物
tradition n．传统
hold much value很有价值
generation n．一代人
agriculture/' ɡrI k lt /n．农业
attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣
admire v．欣赏，观赏
[课文译文]
龙脊梯田
想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；夏天，随着水稻的生长，山变成了鲜绿色；秋天，这些山都是金黄的，而在冬天，它们又被白霜覆盖。这就是绚丽多彩的龙脊梯田。
这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民建造的，广西是他们的家乡。从元朝开始，梯田的修筑花了几百年的时间，直到清朝初期才完成。这些梯田覆盖着高高的山脉，从山脚一直延伸到山顶，一直延伸到眼睛所能看到的地方。
那么，这些人为什么费这么大的劲把整个山脉变成梯田呢？首先，该地区很少有大片平坦的土地。因此，修建梯田意味着他们可以增加水稻的种植面积。第二，虽然这个地区雨水充足，但山势陡峭，土层浅薄。水平的梯田能够储存雨水，防止土壤流失。
但也许最重要的是这种人与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田并种植水稻的方式。梯田设计巧妙，有数百条水路相互连接。在雨季，雨水会沿着这些水道从山上流下，进入梯田。水分经太阳蒸发形成水蒸气，水蒸气形成云，而雨水又从云层中落到山上的梯田里。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
尽管现代科技可以帮助生产更多的作物，但是这些梯田对于很重视传统的当地人来说仍然具有重要的意义。这种认识是通过家庭传承下来的，这意味着新一代的人继续使用古老的农耕方式来维持梯田的运作。今天，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
1.wrap v．包，裹
I wrapped (up) the baby in a blanket.
＝I wrapped a blanket around the baby.
我用一条毯子把那个婴儿裹了起来。
A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。
[归纳探究]
wrap...up 把……包起来
wrap up a present 包礼物
wrap (up) A in B 用B把A包起来
wrap A round/around B 用A把B包起来
[名师指津] wrap的过去式、过去分词、现在分词都要双写p。
wrap—wrapped—wrapped—wrapping
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
He spent the evening ________ (wrap) up the New Year presents.
2.shallow adj.浅的，肤浅的
Before that, ancient waters flowed wide and shallow over the land.
在那之前，古老的水域宽而浅地流经陆地。
If he's only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is.
如果他只是对你的外貌感兴趣，那说明他是多么肤浅。
[归纳探究]
shallow waters 浅水区
a shallow
shallow breathing 微弱的呼吸
deep adj. 深的；深刻的
profound adj. 深奥的；知识渊博的
[语境助记] Tom was ashamed of the shallow ideas that he put forward at the meeting.汤姆对于自己在会议上提出的肤浅的观点感到羞愧。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①These fish are found in ______________________________ (海边浅水水域)．
②It was fortunate that ______________________________ (水很浅)．
3.prevent v．阻挡，防止，阻止
The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.平整的梯田留住雨水，并防止泥土被冲走。
But this did not prevent the parents unable to shake their heads.
但这丝毫没有阻止父母不住地摇头。
We really want to see preventable deaths coming down in the next decade or so.
我们真的希望在未来十年左右看到可预防的死亡人数下降。
[归纳探究]
(1)prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
(2)preventable adj. 可阻止的
[名师指津] 与“prevent...(from) doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有：
在被动语态中，from不可省略。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①What do you think are the major problems which _________________________________ (阻碍学生学习)
②The local enterprises should take measures to __________________________________ (防止大气污染)．
4.harmony n．融洽相处，和谐
We should protect wild animals from being harmed and live in harmony with them.我们应该保护野生动物不受伤害，与它们和谐相处。
My cat and dog live in perfect harmony.
我的猫和狗相处得十分和睦。
We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us.我们必须努力和我们自己以及周围的人和睦相处。
Our government is aiming to build a harmonious society.
我们的政府旨在建设一个和谐社会。
[归纳探究]
in harmony with 与……协调/一致
out of harmony 不协调，不和谐
live/work in harmony 和谐生活/工作
colour harmony 色彩协调
world harmony 世界和睦
[名师指津]
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；和谐的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His suggestions are ________ harmony with the aims of this project.
②The figure in the picture is in complete harmony ________ the scenery.
③Devoted to keeping a lasting peace, we expect to live in a ________ (harmony) world.5.design v．设计
The poster was designed for the campaign.海报是为活动而设计的。
We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
我们永远也不会知道这件事是碰巧发生的还是人为的。
Several developers have designs on the project.
好几个开发商都在觊觎这个项目。
The experiment is designed to test the new drug.
这个实验是为测试这一新药而设计的。
[归纳探究]
be designed for... 为……设计
be designed as 被设计用作……
be designed to do... 被设计做……
by design 故意地
have designs on 图谋得到某物
[图形助记]
The designer is designing fashionable clothes for the model.设计师正在为模特设计时髦的服装。
[名师指津]
(1)表示“故意地”的词和短语：
on purpose deliberately
(2)与by design意思相反的短语：
by accident 意外地，偶然地 by chance 偶然地；意外地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In order to support his family, he designs advertisements ________ a company.
②The plan is designed ________ (reduce) the company's mountainous debts.
③Whether this happened ________ design or not we shall never know.
④There are toilets which are designed ________ the disabled in many public places.
⑤It took the ________ (design) a week ________ (design) the house.
⑥Most colleges now offer first year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
6.harm v．伤害，损害
Some insects can harm the rice crops.某些昆虫会危害水稻。
Fake products do harm to people's health.
伪劣产品对人们的健康有害。
There is no harm in taking advice, but you should set your own goals.听取建议是无害的，但你要设定自己的目标。
No matter who you are, the extreme dieting can be very harmful.
不管你是谁，极端的节食都是非常有害的。
[归纳探究]
(1)harm n. 伤害；损害
do harm to 对……有害
(2)There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.
＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.
＝It wouldn't do sb. any harm to do sth.
做某事(对某人)没有什么坏处
(3)harmful adj. 有害的
[联想拓展] (1)“对……造成损害”的表达：
do damage to cause damage to
(2)“be＋adj.＋to”结构的短语：
be similar to 同……相似
be familiar to 为……所熟知
be kind to 对……友好
be equal to 能胜任；与……相等
be accustomed to 习惯于……
be addicted to 沉迷于……
be used to 习惯于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What you have done might do harm ________ others.
②The high income tax is ________ (harm) in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more income.
③Maybe she can't help us but it does no harm ________ (ask)．
7.(教材原句)Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
夏天来了，随着水稻的生长，山变成了鲜绿色。
[句式解构] see，find，witness等词前用表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，这是一种拟人手法，用来增添语言色彩，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生(某情况)，经历或经受了某事”。
Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street.
黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。
The 1960s witnessed the first translation into English of the famous work Fortress Besieged written by Qian Zhongshu.
20世纪60年代，钱钟书的著名作品《围城》第一次有了英译本。
Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.周四，我们将前往巴黎作短途旅行，在那里我们将参观巴黎迪士尼乐园，逗留到了很晚，观看游行和烟花。,[写作佳句] The old tree has seen the improvement of people's living standard.这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。
[即学即练] 单句写作
①这座城市经历了很多变化。(see)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。(witness)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lightning is the very bright f________ of light in the sky that happens during thunderstorms.
2．In the morning, I woke up to find the ground outside covered with a thin (薄的) s________ of white snow.
3．Paper cutting dates back to the time of the Northern and Southern D________．
4．The stream was quite s________ so we were able to walk across it.
5．If you had been more careful in the exam, such mistakes could have been ________ (防止)．
6．One of the ________ (重要的) moments in my life was when I conquered (克服) my fear and stood on the stage making a speech to hundreds of people.
7．It is really a hard job to ________ (设计) a perfect railway in that vast desert.
8．As I enter my 40s，I've noticed many of my parents' ________ (一代人) think social networking is something they are simply unable to understand.
9．I know you're interested in Chinese festivals，and ________ (因此) I have chosen an album of paper cutting for you.
10．Different ________ (地区)had different accents, which made it difficult to understand each other.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In autumn, frost is ________ (harm) to the vegetable production.
2．They have ________ (design) a special course to suit special needs.
3．As an ________ (agriculture) country, China has made amazing achievements in grain production.
4．In order to build a ________ (harmony) society, we must concentrate on solving various social problems.
5．People marched to prevent the authority ________ (publish) the tax increase bill.
6．These terraces can provide a perfect environment ________ birds.
Unit 6 At one with nature
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．B 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.D
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．region 2.tradition 3.agriculture 4.attract 5.admire
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．into 2.from 3.for 4.down 5.away
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．therefore 2.shallow 3.prevent 4.significant 5.design
6．tradition 7.generation 8.agriculture 9.attract 10.admire
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．has been passed down 2.prevented from 3.as far as the eye can see 4.turned; into 5.is provided for
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．were built by
2．Building the terraces
3．continue to use ancient methods of
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
1．Introduce 2.history 3.Why 4.designed 5.attraction
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．从元朝开始，梯田的修筑花了几百年的时间，直到清朝初期才完成。
2．这些梯田，也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
3．今天，龙脊梯田吸引成千上万的游客前来欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
Ⅲ.框架建构：整体理解
1．colours 2.Yuan 3.local 4.cleverly 5.attract
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．C 2.A 3.B 4.B
要点精研·探究学习
1．wrapping
2．①shallow waters around the coast
②the water was shallow
3．①prevent students from learning
②prevent the air pollution
4．①in ②with ③harmonious
5．①for ②to reduce ③by ④for ⑤designer; to design ⑥designed
6．①to ②harmful ③to ask
7．①The city has seen many changes.
②The twentieth century witnessed two world wars.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．flash 2.sheet 3.Dynasties 4.shallow 5.prevented
6．significant 7.design 8.generation 9.therefore 10.regions
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．harmful 2.designed 3.agricultural 4.harmonious
5．publishing 6.for(共24张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1.replace v．代替，把……放回原处
Can anything replace a mother's love and care
有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关心吗？
The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
这家工厂用机器人代替了大部分工人。
He replaced the book on the shelf.
他把那本书放回了架子上。
[归纳探究]
replace A with/by B 用B替换A
be replaced by 被……取代/代替
[名师指津] “代替”的其他表达法：
instead of 代替 in place of 顶替，代替
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替，替换某人/某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The house which I grew up in has been taken down (拆除) and replaced ________ an office building whose walls are yellow.
②Sending e mails has almost taken the place _____ writing letters.
③李老师生病了，所以我会代替他给你们上课。
Mr Lee is ill, so I'll give you lessons __________________ him.
with/by
of
in place of/instead of
2.narrow adj.狭窄的，狭隘的，不宽的
The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass.
这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。
A narrow minded person is not popular with friends.
小心眼的人是不受朋友欢迎的。
He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left.向左转弯时，他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。
We need to try and narrow the health divide between rich and poor.我们需要设法缩小穷人和富人之间的健康差距。
[归纳探究]
(1)a narrow escape 死里逃生
a narrow victory 险胜
(2)narrowly adv. 勉强地
(3)narrow v. 变窄，(使)缩小
[联想拓展]
narrow the gap缩小差距
in the narrow sense在狭义上
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中narrow的词性及含义/完成句子
①Some narrow streets have been broadened, so there are fewer traffic jams.________________
②Our school football team had a narrow victory against that team.________________
③The economic gap between the north and south of the country is beginning to narrow．________________
④Parents and children should communicate more to ________________ (缩小代沟) between them so that they can understand each other better.
⑤Last year I had ________________ (死里逃生) from a car crash, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
adj. 狭窄的
adj. 勉强的
v. 缩小
narrow the gap
a narrow escape
3.check out 核实，退房离开
Maybe we ought to go to the library and check it out.
或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。
I was very disappointed to miss Bryan, who had just checked out.
我非常失望没有见着Bryan，他刚退房走了。
[名师指津] check in 登记入住,
[即学即练] 完成句子
①请核实一下这些名字和号码好吗？
Would you _________________ and numbers, please
②这是你的房间钥匙，你应该在12点前结账离开。
Here's your room key and you should _________ before 12：00.
check out these names
check out
4.(教材原句)The cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
[句式解构] 此句型为：make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb./sth.) to do
it是形式宾语，后面的不定式短语是真正的宾语，it后的形容词或名词作宾补，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
“vt.＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”可以总结为“6123结构”：
6指六个常用动词：make, think, believe, find, consider, feel；
1指形式宾语it；
2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词；
3指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、that从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. I find it hard ________ (stop)!
②In his introduction, he made it clear ______ our credits would be hard earned.
③Susan made ____ clear to me that she wanted to be in harmony with her new colleagues.
④I find it no use ________ (argue) with such a person.
to stop
that
it
arguing
识记下列单词和短语,
短语：
①be located in/at/on位于
②an expert at/on/in (doing) sth.在某方面的专家
③care for the environment爱护环境
④a top priority当务之急
⑤remind sb. of sth.提醒某人
⑥off the coast of距离……的海岸附近
⑦separate...from...
把……和……分开
⑧sound like听起来像
派生词：
①consume v．消耗，消费；吃，喝→consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户
②consume v．消耗，耗费→consumption n．消费；消耗；消耗量
③priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急→prioritize v．按重要性排列；
划分优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑
④beauty n．美，美丽；美人；美好的东西→beautiful adj.美丽的，美好的，出色的→beautifully adv.美好地；美妙地；漂亮地；令人满意地
⑤structure n．结构，构造，组织→structural adj.结构上的；构造上的→structurally adv.在结构上
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、语法现象感知
①He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
②In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn.
③This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of.
④He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
⑤This is the newly built house, the windows of which (＝whose windows) face the south.
二、语法规则理解
1．当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。介词后移，关系代词which或whom可省略。
2．“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句有时应用倒装语序。
3．“名词/代词/数词＋介词of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
一、关系代词的确定
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。若表示“……的”时，用whose。who和that不能用于此结构，但介词后置时可以使用。
二、介词的选取
一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
Do you know the man to whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个男人吗？
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
1．表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。在some，any, few, none, all, both, neither, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
2．有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。
(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
3．在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after，look for等。
4．“of which/whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。
5．当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that或which作宾语时可省略)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The professor will continue in his present job until a __________ (replace) can be found.
2．The structure of this building shows a typical kind of classic ________ (beautiful)．
3．Living without an aim is like ________ (sail) without a compass.
4．All the ________ (material) are on site so that the work can start immediately.
5．Currently, more farms are selling direct to ________ (consumer)．
6．We've found living ________ (organ) after the big fire.
replacement
beauty
sailing
materials
consumers
organism
7．The structure of the __________ (observe) is complex.
8．It was ________ (thunder) outside and then it rained cats and dogs.
9．They are hoping to discover _____ (live) organisms in the soil.
10．We are confident that we have no language and cultural ________ (barrier) with the exchange students.
11．The factory determined to replace most of its workers ________ robots.
12．She ________ (narrow) escaped injury in the annual mountain climbing.
observatory
thundering
living
barriers
with
narrowly
Ⅱ.语法专练——单句语法填空
1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.
2．Gun control is a subject _______ which Americans have argued for a long time.
3．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ which we may return in the near future.
4．The English play ____ which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
after
about
to
in
5．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____ which the sailing time was 226 days.
6．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ____ which people were eaten by the tiger.
7．She showed the visitors around the museum, ____ which the construction had taken more than three years.
8．The place ____ which the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross river traffic is the heaviest.
of
in
of
at
whereSection Ⅱ Using language
1.replace v．代替，把……放回原处
Can anything replace a mother's love and care
有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关心吗？
The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
这家工厂用机器人代替了大部分工人。
He replaced the book on the shelf.
他把那本书放回了架子上。
[归纳探究]
replace A with/by B 用B替换A
be replaced by 被……取代/代替
[名师指津] “代替”的其他表达法：
instead of 代替 in place of 顶替，代替
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替，替换某人/某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The house which I grew up in has been taken down (拆除) and replaced ________ an office building whose walls are yellow.
②Sending e mails has almost taken the place ________ writing letters.
③李老师生病了，所以我会代替他给你们上课。
Mr Lee is ill, so I'll give you lessons __________________ him.
2.narrow adj.狭窄的，狭隘的，不宽的
The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass.
这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。
A narrow minded person is not popular with friends.
小心眼的人是不受朋友欢迎的。
He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left.向左转弯时，他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。
We need to try and narrow the health divide between rich and poor.我们需要设法缩小穷人和富人之间的健康差距。
[归纳探究]
(1)a narrow escape 死里逃生
a narrow victory 险胜
(2)narrowly adv. 勉强地
(3)narrow v. 变窄，(使)缩小
[联想拓展]
narrow the gap缩小差距
in the narrow sense在狭义上
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中narrow的词性及含义/完成句子
①Some narrow streets have been broadened, so there are fewer traffic jams.________________
②Our school football team had a narrow victory against that team.________________
③The economic gap between the north and south of the country is beginning to narrow．________________
④Parents and children should communicate more to ________________ (缩小代沟) between them so that they can understand each other better.
⑤Last year I had ________________ (死里逃生) from a car crash, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
3.check out 核实，退房离开
Maybe we ought to go to the library and check it out.
或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。
I was very disappointed to miss Bryan, who had just checked out.
我非常失望没有见着Bryan，他刚退房走了。
[名师指津] check in 登记入住,
[即学即练] 完成句子
①请核实一下这些名字和号码好吗？
Would you ________________ and numbers, please
②这是你的房间钥匙，你应该在12点前结账离开。
Here's your room key and you should ________________ before 12：00.
4.(教材原句)The cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
[句式解构] 此句型为：make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb./sth.) to do
it是形式宾语，后面的不定式短语是真正的宾语，it后的形容词或名词作宾补，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
“vt.＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”可以总结为“6123结构”：
6指六个常用动词：make, think, believe, find, consider, feel；
1指形式宾语it；
2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词；
3指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、that从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired. I find it hard ________ (stop)!
②In his introduction, he made it clear ________ our credits would be hard earned.
③Susan made ________ clear to me that she wanted to be in harmony with her new colleagues.
④I find it no use ________ (argue) with such a person.
,识记下列单词和短语,
短语：
①be located in/at/on位于
②an expert at/on/in (doing) sth.在某方面的专家
③care for the environment爱护环境
④a top priority当务之急
⑤remind sb. of sth.提醒某人
⑥off the coast of距离……的海岸附近
⑦separate...from...
把……和……分开
⑧sound like听起来像
派生词：
①consume v．消耗，消费；吃，喝→consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户
②consume v．消耗，耗费→consumption n．消费；消耗；消耗量
③priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急→prioritize v．按重要性排列；
划分优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑
④beauty n．美，美丽；美人；美好的东西→beautiful adj.美丽的，美好的，出色的→beautifully adv.美好地；美妙地；漂亮地；令人满意地
⑤structure n．结构，构造，组织→structural adj.结构上的；构造上的→structurally adv.在结构上
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、语法现象感知
①He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
②In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn.
③This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of.
④He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
⑤This is the newly built house, the windows of which (＝whose windows) face the south.
二、语法规则理解
1．当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。介词后移，关系代词which或whom可省略。
2．“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句有时应用倒装语序。
3．“名词/代词/数词＋介词of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
一、关系代词的确定
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。若表示“……的”时，用whose。who和that不能用于此结构，但介词后置时可以使用。
二、介词的选取
一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
Do you know the man to whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个男人吗？
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
1．表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。在some，any, few, none, all, both, neither, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
2．有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。
(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
3．在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after，look for等。
4．“of which/whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。
5．当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that或which作宾语时可省略)。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The professor will continue in his present job until a ________ (replace) can be found.
2．The structure of this building shows a typical kind of classic ________ (beautiful)．
3．Living without an aim is like ________ (sail) without a compass.
4．All the ________ (material) are on site so that the work can start immediately.
5．Currently, more farms are selling direct to ________ (consumer)．
6．We've found living ________ (organ) after the big fire.
7．The structure of the ________ (observe) is complex.
8．It was ________ (thunder) outside and then it rained cats and dogs.
9．They are hoping to discover ________ (live) organisms in the soil.
10．We are confident that we have no language and cultural ________ (barrier) with the exchange students.
11．The factory determined to replace most of its workers ________ robots.
12．She ________ (narrow) escaped injury in the annual mountain climbing.
Ⅱ.语法专练——单句语法填空
1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ________ which he went on to Cambridge.
2．Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
3．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ which we may return in the near future.
4．The English play ________ which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
5．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ which the sailing time was 226 days.
6．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ which people were eaten by the tiger.
7．She showed the visitors around the museum, ________ which the construction had taken more than three years.
8．The place ________ which the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross river traffic is the heaviest.
Section Ⅱ Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①with/by ②of ③in place of/instead of
2．①adj. 狭窄的 ②adj. 勉强的 ③v. 缩小 ④narrow the gap ⑤a narrow escape
3．①check out these names ②check out
4．①to stop ②that ③it ④arguing
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．replacement 2.beauty 3.sailing 4.materials
5．consumers 6.organism 7.observatory 8.thundering
9．living 10.barriers 11.with 12.narrowly
Ⅱ.语法专练——单句语法填空
1．after 2.about 3.to 4.in 5.of 6.in 7.of
8．at; where(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．expert adj. ____________
2．branch n. ____________
3．energy n. ____________
4．system n. ____________
5．rent v. ____________
6．rooftop n. ____________
内行的，专家的
树枝
力量，活力
系统
租用，租借
屋顶
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．limit vt.限制，限定→________ adj.有限的
2．________ v.改进，改善→improvement n．改进，改善
3．________ v．出版→publisher n．出版者，出版社
4．________ n．力量，活力→energetic adj.有活力的
limited
improve
publish
energy
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was saving his ________ (力量) for next week's race.
2．You'll also get ________ (专业的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
3．Shops have a very ________ (有限的) selection.
4．The weather is beginning to ________ (改善)．
5．He ________ (出版) two books last year.
energy
expert
limited
improve
published
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I spent an hour ________ (watch) TV.
2．There seems to be no doubt ______ it.
3．We had only ________ (limit) time to communicate with the natives.
4．Her book ___________ (publish) last year.
5．I have been reflecting ____the matter.
6．There is need for __________ (improve) in your handwriting.
watching
about
limited
was published
on
improvement
Ⅲ.重点句型
虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
And while many Brits like ________________ spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
nothing better than
built
private
solutions
as well as
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．Which of the following is not true about “The Secret Garden”？
A．It was a book.
B．It was published in 1911.
C．It said that British have “green fingers”．
D．It was published during which only the very rich in Britain had gardens.
2．Which of the activities is not mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Planting sunflowers.
B．Cutting roses.
C．Growing vegetables.
D．Cutting the grass.
3．What can we know from Paragraph 3
A．British are finding more space for gardening.
B．British are limiting private gardens for air pollution.
C．Every British can turn rooftops and walls into private gardens.
D．Over 4，000 people in London can rent small pieces of land.
4．Where can you find this passage
A．A magazine.
B．A science book.
C．A travel guide.
D．A flower book.
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．此后不久，人们开始建造带有花园的房子。
Very soon after this, homes with gardens ______________．
2．最近的一个想法是把屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园。
One recent idea has been to _____________________ private gardens.
began to be built
turn rooftops and walls into
3．如果你对此有任何疑问，花点时间思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“在你照料玫瑰的地方……蓟草不能生长。”
And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to _________ this line from The Secret Garden：“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
4．园艺不仅有益于环境，也有益于灵魂。
_________ being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
reflect on
As well as
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。
2．Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
每年春天，孩子们都种植向日葵，等待看哪一株是最高的。
3．And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
尽管许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在星期天割草，但有些人很乐意坐在树下享受他们周围世界的美景。
[教材原文]
A Love of Gardening
“If you look the right way 【1】， you can see that
the whole world is a garden.” These words come from
the author of the book The Secret Garden, first
published① in 1911 【2】. At that time, only the
very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this,
homes with gardens began to be built. This is what
started the British love of gardening! Today, millions
of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers②”，
with around half the population spending their free
time gardening.
【1】If在此处引导条件状语从句。
【2】first published in 1911为过去分词短语作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句：which was first published in 1911。
For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children plant sunflowers③ and wait to see which one is the tallest 【3】. Expert④ gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying ⑤ to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass 【4】， some are happy just to sit under the branches⑥ of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
【3】which在此处引导宾语从句。
【4】while在此处引导让步状语从句。
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent⑦ small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4，000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops⑧ and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve⑨ air quality.
As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on⑩ this line from The Secret Garden：“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
[词汇积累]
①publish/'p blI /v．出版
②green fingers高超的种植技能
③sunflower/'s n fla /n．向日葵
④expert/'eksp t/adj.内行的，专家的
⑤spend some time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事
⑥branch/brɑ nt /n．树枝
⑦rent/rent/v．租用，租借
⑧rooftop/'ru ft p/n．屋顶
⑨improve v．改进，改善
⑩reflect on仔细想；思考
thistle/'θIs( )l/n.蓟
[课文译文]
热爱园艺
“如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。”这些话来自1911年第一次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。当时，只有英国非常富有的人才有花园。此后不久，人们开始建造带有花园的房子。这就是英国人对园艺之爱的开始！今天，数以百万计的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，大约有一半的人把他们的空闲时间花在园艺上。
对于许多英国人来说，他们的花园就是他们的私人世界。每年春天，孩子们都种植向日葵，等待看哪一株是最高的。专业的园丁知道玫瑰的最佳位置，其他人则花几个小时努力种植最好的蔬菜，以参与竞争。尽管许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在星期天割草，但有些人很乐意坐在树下享受他们周围世界的美景。
但是在城市里，有限的空间导致人们寻找新的解决方法。住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地来种植东西。今天，伦敦有4 000多人在等待这样的土地。最近的一个想法是把屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园。这些花园可以增加城市绿化面积、改善空气质量。
园艺不仅对环境有益，而且有益于心灵。还有什么其他的业余活动可以让你与大自然融为一体，创造出更美丽的生物呢？如果你对此有任何疑问，花点时间思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“在你照料玫瑰的地方……蓟草不能生长。”
1.expert adj.内行的，专家的；熟练的，经验(或知识)丰富的 n. 专家，行家
Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses.
内行的园艺人知道哪个角落适合种植玫瑰。
He is generally accepted as the world's greatest expert in the field.
他被公认为世界上该领域最权威的专家。
Even an expert sometimes makes a mistake.
老手儿也有失算时。
You'll also get expert advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
你还会获得有关如何保持良好发质的专家建议。
[归纳探究]
(1)be expert at/in/on 擅长……
(2)expert n. 专家，能手
[语境助记] He is a medical expert, who is expert in doing surgery.
他是一名医学专家，在做外科手术方面很熟练。
[联想拓展]
“be＋形容词＋at”结构的短语：
be angry at... 对……生气
be bad at... 对……不擅长
be clever at... 对……熟练
be disappointed at... 对……失望
be good at... 擅长于……
be mad at... 对……发怒
be skilful at... 在……方面熟练
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Lifting weights is good for teenagers, which some ________ (expert) say will help them become energetic.
②You can have your computer repaired by John，who is expert ________ repairing computers.
experts
at/in/on
2.limited adj.有限的
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间导致人们开始寻求新的解决办法。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来说明自己的意思。
The three month time limit will be up in mid June.
3个月的限期截至6月中旬。
It is beyond the limit of my ability.这超出了我的能力。
[归纳探究]
(1)limit n. 限制；界限；限度
vt. 限制，限定
(2)beyond the limit 超出限度
(3)without limit 无限制地
(4)be limited to 被限制在……
[语境助记]
There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.
一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。
[即学即练] 用limit的正确形式填空/单句语法填空
①She knew the ______ of her power.
②We can't promise to publish a reply as space is ________．
③The research team began to study the structure of the valley. After all, they had ________ (limit) resources.
④There is a limit ______ what one person can tolerate.
⑤My knowledge of running a restaurant is ________ (limit)．
⑥The damage was limited ____ the roof.
limits
limited
limited
to/on
limited
to
3.rent v．租用，租借
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.
那些没有外部空间的人可以租用小块土地来种植东西。
We rented a car for the week and explored the area.
我们租了一个星期的车游历这个地区。
How much rent do you pay for this place
你租这个地方的租金是多少？
He rents rooms in his house to students.
他把家中的房间租给学生。
[归纳探究]
(1)rent sth. from sb. 从某人那里租用
(2)rent sth. (out) to sb. 出租某物给某人
(3)for rent 出租；招租
[联想拓展] “租用”小结
land tax 地租
rent out 租出去
let out 租出去
hire 雇用，租用
[即学即练] 完成句子
①She agreed to _______________ (把这个房间租给我)．
②He left his hotel in __________ (一辆租来的车)．
③She ___________ (付房租) by the year.
rent the room to me
a rented car
pays her rent
4.benefit n．好处，益处 v．使受益
My English knowledge will be of great benefit to my future work.
我的英语知识对我将来的工作会有很大的好处。
You'd better go for a walk every evening for the benefit of your health.为了身体健康你最好每晚去散步。
I benefit a great deal from reading.
我从阅读中受益良多。
It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，的确让我受益匪浅。
[归纳探究]
(1)beneficial adj. 有用的，有利的
be of benefit to...＝be beneficial to... 对……有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
(2)benefit sb./sth. 对某人/某事物有益
benefit from/by... 得益于……，从……中受益
[一句多译]
我希望这本书能对其他和我有同感的人有所裨益。
I hope the book will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way as me.
＝I hope the book will be beneficial to someone else who may feel the same way as me.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the writing of Shakespeare, Wordsworth and the like had a ________ (benefit) effect on our mind.
②Some people benefit _____ ginger products to reduce car sickness.
③医生说均衡饮食对我们的健康很有益。
Doctors say a balanced diet is ___________ our health.
beneficial
from
beneficial to
④为了所有中国公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _____________all its citizens.
⑤新政策将使老年人受益良多，65岁以上的人可以免费乘坐公共汽车。
The new policy will _________________that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.
for the benefit of
benefit the elders a lot
5.effect n．结果，影响，效果
It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects.
这个药物是否有副作用还有待观察。
Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.
生活方式的任何改变都将对你的健康产生影响。
The contract will come into effect next month.
合同将在下个月生效。
This kind of pill can take effect in a short time.
这种药丸能在短时间内见效。
[归纳探究]
(1)side effects (药物的)副作用
cause and effect 因果
have a(n)．..effect on... 对……有……影响
(2)come into effect 开始实施，生效
take effect 见效，开始起作用；生效，开始实施
put/bring...into effect 实施，实行，使生效
in effect 事实上，实际上
[语境助记] The new traffic rule came into effect. Now, it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on people's life in many ways.
新的交通法规开始实施了。现在它开始起作用了。事实上，它在很多方面影响着人们的生活。
[即学即练] 结合effect的用法完成句子
①The new law has _____________________ (生效), and the number of wild animals here is on the increase now.
②The drug is said to have _________ (副作用) and has been withdrawn (撤回) from the market for further tests.
③The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating (显示) that China __________________ (对……有更大的影响) the world.
④He said he graduated from Oxford University, while ________ (实际上), he never went to college.
come into effect/ taken effect
side effects
has a greater effect on
in effect
6.energy n．力量，活力
Chinese students devote much time and energy to getting a high score in the exam.中国学生投入了很多时间和精力争取在考试中获得高分。
This was a time when people put all their energy into work.
这是一个人们全身心投入工作的时代。
When it comes to renewable energy, we usually mean solar energy and wind energy.
当提到可再生能源的时候，我们通常指的是太阳能和风能。
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day
你是否每天早上醒来都感觉精力充沛，准备好了开始新的一天？
The more he worked, the more energetic he became.
他越干越有劲。
[归纳探究]
(1)full of energy(＝energetic) 充满活力
have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事
devote one's energies to... 把某人的精力投入到……
put a lot of energy into 投入很大的精力到……
(2)(be) energetic in doing sth. 积极做某事
an energetic tennis player 一位精力充沛的网球选手
feel energetic 觉得精力充沛
[词语辨析]
energy, power, strength与force
(1)energy主要指人的精力或能源；
(2)power指权力、势力或影响力；
(3)strength指人的体力，也可指强项、长处；
(4)force强调暴力、武力等。
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①You are always __________________ (充满活力). Can you tell me the secret
②He works so hard that he doesn't have the energy __________ (exercise)．
③Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)．
energetic/full of energy
to exercise
energetic
7.(教材原句)And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
[句式解构] while在此表示“而，然而”，作并列连词。nothing better than...the grass属于“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(1)nothing，none，nobody或“no other＋可数名词单数”与比较级连用时，表示“没有比……更……”。
Nobody is more careful than him！没有人比他更细心！
Nothing is more precious than time.没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。
(2)“主语＋表示否定意义的谓语(含not或never)＋比较级”，表示“没有比……更……”
—What do you think of the film last night？你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It couldn't be worse.没有比它更糟糕的了。
I have never read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
[写作佳句] The outbreak of COVID 19 makes me realize that nothing is more important than health and happiness.新冠病毒的发生使我意识到：没有什么是比健康和快乐更重要的了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①—How was your recent trip to Sichuan
—I've never had a ___________ (pleasant) one before.
②How nice the music sounds！I have never heard a better piece.
_____________________________________________
③Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
______________________________________
more pleasant
这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is a well known ________ (专家) in agriculture.
2．Camels are of ________ (好处) to transporting in the desert.
3．People can't help stopping and admiring the unique ________ (美丽) of the scene.
4．Since I started jogging, I've got so much more ________ (精力)．
5．We must seek for ways to protect our ________ (有限的) natural resources.
expert
benefit
beauty
energy
limited
6．The expert on wildlife ________ (出版) this significant article after observing a variety of wild animals.
7．The research team ________ (租用) an apartment and began to study the structure of the valley.
8．It is ________ (令人愉快的) to enjoy the grand mountains and rivers of the motherland.
9．Let's ________ (改善) our environment and focus on the appreciation of the beauty.
published
rented
pleasant
improve
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ________ (publish) made a fortune with the bestseller.
2．The ________ (limit) space in cities has led to people looking for new solutions.
3．This special bone structure is ________ (benefit) to kangaroos' jumping ability.
4．He is expert at ________ (wrap) books in beautiful plastic paper.
5．What impresses me most is the ________ (please) climate here.
6．The ________ (energy) professor gave us a wonderful lecture.
7．Mr Stevenson is generous—I really couldn't ask for a ________ (good) boss.
publisher
limited
beneficial
wrapping
pleasant
energetic
betterSection Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．expert adj. ____________
2．branch n. ____________
3．energy n. ____________
4．system n. ____________
5．rent v. ____________
6．rooftop n. ____________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．limit vt.限制，限定→________ adj.有限的
2．________ v.改进，改善→improvement n．改进，改善
3．________ v．出版→publisher n．出版者，出版社
4．________ n．力量，活力→energetic adj.有活力的
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was saving his ________ (力量) for next week's race.
2．You'll also get ________ (专业的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
3．Shops have a very ________ (有限的) selection.
4．The weather is beginning to ________ (改善)．
5．He ________ (出版) two books last year.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I spent an hour ________ (watch) TV.
2．There seems to be no doubt ________ it.
3．We had only ________ (limit) time to communicate with the natives.
4．Her book ________ (publish) last year.
5．I have been reflecting ________ the matter.
6．There is need for ________ (improve) in your handwriting.
Ⅲ.重点句型
虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
And while many Brits like ________________ spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
How British began their love for gardening
In the early 20th century, only the very rich had
gardens and then homes started to be 1.________
with gardens.
For many people in the UK, their garden is their
own 2.________ world.
How to handle the limited space for gardening
People are looking for new 3.________ to grow
things.
Gardening is good for the environment 4.________
for the soul.
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．Which of the following is not true about “The Secret Garden”？
A．It was a book.
B．It was published in 1911.
C．It said that British have “green fingers”．
D．It was published during which only the very rich in Britain had gardens.
2．Which of the activities is not mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.Planting sunflowers.
B．Cutting roses.
C．Growing vegetables.
D．Cutting the grass.
3．What can we know from Paragraph 3
A．British are finding more space for gardening.
B．British are limiting private gardens for air pollution.
C．Every British can turn rooftops and walls into private gardens.
D．Over 4，000 people in London can rent small pieces of land.
4．Where can you find this passage
A．A magazine. B．A science book.
C．A travel guide. D．A flower book.
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．此后不久，人们开始建造带有花园的房子。
Very soon after this, homes with gardens ________________．
2．最近的一个想法是把屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园。
One recent idea has been to ________________________ private gardens.
3．如果你对此有任何疑问，花点时间思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“在你照料玫瑰的地方……蓟草不能生长。”
And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to ________________ this line from The Secret Garden：“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
4．园艺不仅有益于环境，也有益于灵魂。
________________ being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[教材原文]
A Love of Gardening
“If you look the right way 【1】， you can see that the whole world is a garden.” These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published① in 1911 【2】. At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built. This is what started the British love of gardening! Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers②”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
【1】If在此处引导条件状语从句。
【2】first published in 1911为过去分词短语作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句：which was first published in 1911。
For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children plant sunflowers③ and wait to see which one is the tallest 【3】. Expert④ gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying ⑤ to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass 【4】， some are happy just to sit under the branches⑥ of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
【3】which在此处引导宾语从句。
【4】while在此处引导让步状语从句。
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent⑦ small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4，000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops⑧ and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve⑨ air quality.
As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on⑩ this line from The Secret Garden：“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
[词汇积累]
①publish/'p blI /v．出版
②green fingers高超的种植技能
③sunflower/'s n fla /n．向日葵
④expert/'eksp t/adj.内行的，专家的
⑤spend some time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事
⑥branch/brɑ nt /n．树枝
⑦rent/rent/v．租用，租借
⑧rooftop/'ru ft p/n．屋顶
⑨improve v．改进，改善
⑩reflect on仔细想；思考
thistle/'θIs( )l/n.蓟
[课文译文]
热爱园艺
“如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。”这些话来自1911年第一次出版的《秘密花园》一书的作者。当时，只有英国非常富有的人才有花园。此后不久，人们开始建造带有花园的房子。这就是英国人对园艺之爱的开始！今天，数以百万计的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，大约有一半的人把他们的空闲时间花在园艺上。
对于许多英国人来说，他们的花园就是他们的私人世界。每年春天，孩子们都种植向日葵，等待看哪一株是最高的。专业的园丁知道玫瑰的最佳位置，其他人则花几个小时努力种植最好的蔬菜，以参与竞争。尽管许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在星期天割草，但有些人很乐意坐在树下享受他们周围世界的美景。
但是在城市里，有限的空间导致人们寻找新的解决方法。住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地来种植东西。今天，伦敦有4 000多人在等待这样的土地。最近的一个想法是把屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园。这些花园可以增加城市绿化面积、改善空气质量。
园艺不仅对环境有益，而且有益于心灵。还有什么其他的业余活动可以让你与大自然融为一体，创造出更美丽的生物呢？如果你对此有任何疑问，花点时间思考一下《秘密花园》中的这句话：“在你照料玫瑰的地方……蓟草不能生长。”
1.expert adj.内行的，专家的；熟练的，经验(或知识)丰富的 n. 专家，行家
Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses.
内行的园艺人知道哪个角落适合种植玫瑰。
He is generally accepted as the world's greatest expert in the field.
他被公认为世界上该领域最权威的专家。
Even an expert sometimes makes a mistake.
老手儿也有失算时。
You'll also get expert advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
你还会获得有关如何保持良好发质的专家建议。
[归纳探究]
(1)be expert at/in/on 擅长……
(2)expert n. 专家，能手
[语境助记] He is a medical expert, who is expert in doing surgery.
他是一名医学专家，在做外科手术方面很熟练。
[联想拓展]
“be＋形容词＋at”结构的短语：
be angry at... 对……生气
be bad at... 对……不擅长
be clever at... 对……熟练
be disappointed at... 对……失望
be good at... 擅长于……
be mad at... 对……发怒
be skilful at... 在……方面熟练
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Lifting weights is good for teenagers, which some ________ (expert) say will help them become energetic.
②You can have your computer repaired by John，who is expert ________ repairing computers.
2.limited adj.有限的
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间导致人们开始寻求新的解决办法。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来说明自己的意思。
The three month time limit will be up in mid June.
3个月的限期截至6月中旬。
It is beyond the limit of my ability.这超出了我的能力。
[归纳探究]
(1)limit n. 限制；界限；限度
vt. 限制，限定
(2)beyond the limit 超出限度
(3)without limit 无限制地
(4)be limited to 被限制在……
[语境助记]
There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.
一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。
[即学即练] 用limit的正确形式填空/单句语法填空
①She knew the ________ of her power.
②We can't promise to publish a reply as space is ________．
③The research team began to study the structure of the valley. After all, they had ________ (limit) resources.
④There is a limit ________ what one person can tolerate.
⑤My knowledge of running a restaurant is ________ (limit)．
⑥The damage was limited ________ the roof.
3.rent v．租用，租借
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.
那些没有外部空间的人可以租用小块土地来种植东西。
We rented a car for the week and explored the area.
我们租了一个星期的车游历这个地区。
How much rent do you pay for this place
你租这个地方的租金是多少？
He rents rooms in his house to students.
他把家中的房间租给学生。
[归纳探究]
(1)rent sth. from sb. 从某人那里租用
(2)rent sth. (out) to sb. 出租某物给某人
(3)for rent 出租；招租
[联想拓展] “租用”小结
land tax 地租
rent out 租出去
let out 租出去
hire 雇用，租用
[即学即练] 完成句子
①She agreed to __________________________ (把这个房间租给我)．
②He left his hotel in __________________________ (一辆租来的车)．
③She ______________________ (付房租) by the year.
4.benefit n．好处，益处 v．使受益
My English knowledge will be of great benefit to my future work.
我的英语知识对我将来的工作会有很大的好处。
You'd better go for a walk every evening for the benefit of your health.为了身体健康你最好每晚去散步。
I benefit a great deal from reading.
我从阅读中受益良多。
It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，的确让我受益匪浅。
[归纳探究]
(1)beneficial adj. 有用的，有利的
be of benefit to...＝be beneficial to... 对……有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
(2)benefit sb./sth. 对某人/某事物有益
benefit from/by... 得益于……，从……中受益
[一句多译]
我希望这本书能对其他和我有同感的人有所裨益。
I hope the book will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way as me.
＝I hope the book will be beneficial to someone else who may feel the same way as me.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the writing of Shakespeare, Wordsworth and the like had a ________ (benefit) effect on our mind.
②Some people benefit ________ ginger products to reduce car sickness.
③医生说均衡饮食对我们的健康很有益。
Doctors say a balanced diet is ________________ our health.
④为了所有中国公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________________all its citizens.
⑤新政策将使老年人受益良多，65岁以上的人可以免费乘坐公共汽车。
The new policy will __________________________that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.
5.effect n．结果，影响，效果
It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects.
这个药物是否有副作用还有待观察。
Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.
生活方式的任何改变都将对你的健康产生影响。
The contract will come into effect next month.
合同将在下个月生效。
This kind of pill can take effect in a short time.
这种药丸能在短时间内见效。
[归纳探究]
(1)side effects (药物的)副作用
cause and effect 因果
have a(n)．..effect on... 对……有……影响
(2)come into effect 开始实施，生效
take effect 见效，开始起作用；生效，开始实施
put/bring...into effect 实施，实行，使生效
in effect 事实上，实际上
[语境助记] The new traffic rule came into effect. Now, it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on people's life in many ways.
新的交通法规开始实施了。现在它开始起作用了。事实上，它在很多方面影响着人们的生活。
[即学即练] 结合effect的用法完成句子
①The new law has ________________ (生效), and the number of wild animals here is on the increase now.
②The drug is said to have ________ (副作用) and has been withdrawn (撤回) from the market for further tests.
③The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating (显示) that China __________________________ (对……有更大的影响) the world.
④He said he graduated from Oxford University, while __________________(实际上), he never went to college.
6.energy n．力量，活力
Chinese students devote much time and energy to getting a high score in the exam.中国学生投入了很多时间和精力争取在考试中获得高分。
This was a time when people put all their energy into work.
这是一个人们全身心投入工作的时代。
When it comes to renewable energy, we usually mean solar energy and wind energy.
当提到可再生能源的时候，我们通常指的是太阳能和风能。
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day
你是否每天早上醒来都感觉精力充沛，准备好了开始新的一天？
The more he worked, the more energetic he became.
他越干越有劲。
[归纳探究]
(1)full of energy(＝energetic) 充满活力
have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事
devote one's energies to... 把某人的精力投入到……
put a lot of energy into 投入很大的精力到……
(2)(be) energetic in doing sth. 积极做某事
an energetic tennis player 一位精力充沛的网球选手
feel energetic 觉得精力充沛
[词语辨析]
energy, power, strength与force
(1)energy主要指人的精力或能源；
(2)power指权力、势力或影响力；
(3)strength指人的体力，也可指强项、长处；
(4)force强调暴力、武力等。
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①You are always ________________________ (充满活力). Can you tell me the secret
②He works so hard that he doesn't have the energy ________ (exercise)．
③Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)．
7.(教材原句)And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
[句式解构] while在此表示“而，然而”，作并列连词。nothing better than...the grass属于“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(1)nothing，none，nobody或“no other＋可数名词单数”与比较级连用时，表示“没有比……更……”。
Nobody is more careful than him！没有人比他更细心！
Nothing is more precious than time.没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。
(2)“主语＋表示否定意义的谓语(含not或never)＋比较级”，表示“没有比……更……”
—What do you think of the film last night？你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It couldn't be worse.没有比它更糟糕的了。
I have never read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
[写作佳句] The outbreak of COVID 19 makes me realize that nothing is more important than health and happiness.新冠病毒的发生使我意识到：没有什么是比健康和快乐更重要的了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
①—How was your recent trip to Sichuan
—I've never had a ________________ (pleasant) one before.
②How nice the music sounds！I have never heard a better piece.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is a well known ________ (专家) in agriculture.
2．Camels are of ________ (好处) to transporting in the desert.
3．People can't help stopping and admiring the unique ________ (美丽) of the scene.
4．Since I started jogging, I've got so much more ________ (精力)．
5．We must seek for ways to protect our ________ (有限的) natural resources.
6．The expert on wildlife ________ (出版) this significant article after observing a variety of wild animals.
7．The research team ________ (租用) an apartment and began to study the structure of the valley.
8．It is ________ (令人愉快的) to enjoy the grand mountains and rivers of the motherland.
9．Let's ________ (改善) our environment and focus on the appreciation of the beauty.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ________ (publish) made a fortune with the bestseller.
2．The ________ (limit) space in cities has led to people looking for new solutions.
3．This special bone structure is ________ (benefit) to kangaroos' jumping ability.
4．He is expert at ________ (wrap) books in beautiful plastic paper.
5．What impresses me most is the ________ (please) climate here.
6．The ________ (energy) professor gave us a wonderful lecture.
7．Mr Stevenson is generous—I really couldn't ask for a ________ (good) boss.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．内行的，专家的 2.树枝 3.力量，活力 4.系统
5．租用，租借 6.屋顶
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．limited 2.improve 3.publish 4.energy
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．energy 2.expert 3.limited 4.improve 5.published
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．watching 2.about 3.limited 4.was published 5.on 6.improvement
Ⅲ.重点句型
nothing better than
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．built 2.private 3.solutions
4．as well as
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．C 2.B 3.A 4.A
Ⅲ.重点句式补全
1．began to be built 2.turn rooftops and walls into
3．reflect on 4.As well as
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。
2．每年春天，孩子们都种植向日葵，等待看哪一株是最高的。
3．尽管许多英国人最喜欢的莫过于在星期天割草，但有些人很乐意坐在树下享受他们周围世界的美景。
要点精研·探究学习
1．①experts ②at/in/on
2．①limits ②limited ③limited ④to/on ⑤limited ⑥to
3．①rent the room to me ②a rented car ③pays her rent
4．①beneficial ②from ③beneficial to ④for the benefit of
⑤benefit the elders a lot
5．①come into effect/ taken effect ②side effects ③has a greater effect on ④in effect
6．①energetic/full of energy ②to exercise ③energetic
7．①more pleasant
②这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
③再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．expert 2.benefit 3.beauty 4.energy 5.limited
6．published 7.rented 8.pleasant 9.improve
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．publisher 2.limited 3.beneficial 4.wrapping
5．pleasant 6.energetic 7.better(共19张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.Read for Writing Style
What is the writing style of the passage
A．Argumentation.
B．Narration.
C．Exposition.
Ⅱ.Read for Structure
Paragraph 1：British people's love for 1.________．
Paragraph 2：Various 2.________
Paragraph 3：Health 3.________
tea
flavours
benefits
Ⅲ.Read for Key Points
Paragraph 1：British people ___________________________.
Paragraph 2：However, recent years have seen __________________
______________________.
Paragraph 3：Herbal tea has various health benefits.
love to make tea with fruit and herbs
more and more unusual
flavours come onto the market
Ⅳ.Rewrite the key points
Paragraph 1：________________________________，British people even plant some herbs in their own gardens.
Paragraph 2：However, people __________________
some unusual flavours in recent years.
Paragraph 3：The herbal tea can not only make people feel relaxed, but also improve the immune system and digestion system.
Addicted to making tea with fruit and herbs
have fallen in love with
Ⅴ.Polish the summary with the linking words
Addicted to making tea with fruit and herbs, British people even plant herbs that are easy to grow in their own gardens. ________ the common flavours, people are in search of some unusual flavours, such as mango, strawberry, apple, and so on. _________ the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits. Some can help people relax, and some are good for the immune system and digestion system.
Apart from
Aside from
识记下列短语
①a variety of 各种各样
②come onto the market 投放市场
③have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响
④give sb. a helping hand 帮某人一把
⑤be good for digestion 对消化有益
Step Ⅱ Writing
[探究技法]
1．写作步骤
(1)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点；
(2)细读原文。此类文章多以说明文为主。首先要仔细阅读全文，然后对文章进行整体分析，掌握文章大意和结构，明确全文的主题(the main theme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)；
(3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分，遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地概括原文信息；
(4)如需拟标题，可以采用文中的主题句。
2．写作要点
(1)尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，词数控制在60左右；
(2)必须涵盖文章中的所有观点以及少量事例，可以筛选1～2个例子；
(3)避免重复，删除细节，只保留主要观点。
3．写作技巧
(1)把长段描述压缩变成短小精悍的句子。如“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion like.”可以概括为“He was very brave in battle.”
(2)使用词组代替整句或者从句。
(3)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，如“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
(4)使用最短的连接词。比如可以使用but，then，thus，yet，though；尽量不使用at the same time，in the first place，because of，on the other hand等较长的连接词。
(5)把文章中的第一人称转换成第三人称，把对白简化。
(6)最后，最好用一句话进行总结。
[实践应用]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases—such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.
Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.
However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏的)．
When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.
第二步 要点提炼
Paragraph 1：Herbal medicine is the use of the entire plants to treat a variety of diseases.
Paragraph 2：Unlike chemical medicine, herbal medicine is more effective and has no or fewer negative side effects.
Paragraph 3：However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages, such as time consuming and possible allergy.
Paragraph 4：People should use herbal medicine cautiously.
第三步 要点升级
Paragraph 1: Herbal medicine is a way of treating some diseases __________________ containing powerful things in various forms.
Paragraph 2: ____________ chemical medicine, herbal medicine is better in several ways such as its more effectiveness and fewer negative side effects.
Paragraph 3: Herbal medicine requires ________ for recovery and tends to ____________ as well.
Paragraph 4: People should use herb medicine __________．
which uses entire plants
Different from
more time
cause allergy
with caution
第四步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
Herbal medicine is a way of treating some diseases which uses entire plants containing powerful things in various forms (要点1). Different from chemical medicine, herbal medicine is better in several ways such as its more effectiveness and fewer negative side effects (要点2). However, herbal medicine requires more time for recovery and tends to cause allergy as well (要点3). Therefore, people should use herb medicine with caution (要点4)．Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.Read for Writing Style
What is the writing style of the passage
A．Argumentation. B．Narration.
C．Exposition.
Ⅱ.Read for Structure
Paragraph 1：British people's love for 1.________．
Paragraph 2：Various 2.________
Paragraph 3：Health 3.________
Ⅲ.Read for Key Points
Paragraph 1：British people _________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Paragraph 2：However, recent years have seen ________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Paragraph 3：Herbal tea has various health benefits.
Ⅳ.Rewrite the key points
Paragraph 1：______________________________________，
British people even plant some herbs in their own gardens.
Paragraph 2：However, people ________________________________________
some unusual flavours in recent years.
Paragraph 3：The herbal tea can not only make people feel relaxed, but also improve the immune system and digestion system.
Ⅴ.Polish the summary with the linking words
Addicted to making tea with fruit and herbs, British people even plant herbs that are easy to grow in their own gardens. ________ the common flavours, people are in search of some unusual flavours, such as mango, strawberry, apple, and so on. ________ the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits. Some can help people relax, and some are good for the immune system and digestion system.
识记下列短语
①a variety of 各种各样
②come onto the market 投放市场
③have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响
④give sb. a helping hand 帮某人一把
⑤be good for digestion 对消化有益
Step Ⅱ Writing
[探究技法]
1．写作步骤
(1)弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点；
(2)细读原文。此类文章多以说明文为主。首先要仔细阅读全文，然后对文章进行整体分析，掌握文章大意和结构，明确全文的主题(the main theme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)；
(3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分，遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地概括原文信息；
(4)如需拟标题，可以采用文中的主题句。
2．写作要点
(1)尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，词数控制在60左右；
(2)必须涵盖文章中的所有观点以及少量事例，可以筛选1～2个例子；
(3)避免重复，删除细节，只保留主要观点。
3．写作技巧
(1)把长段描述压缩变成短小精悍的句子。如“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion like.”可以概括为“He was very brave in battle.”
(2)使用词组代替整句或者从句。
(3)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，如“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
(4)使用最短的连接词。比如可以使用but，then，thus，yet，though；尽量不使用at the same time，in the first place，because of，on the other hand等较长的连接词。
(5)把文章中的第一人称转换成第三人称，把对白简化。
(6)最后，最好用一句话进行总结。
[实践应用]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases—such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.
Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight loss more effectively and improve overall health.
However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏的)．
When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.
第一步 谋篇布局
Introduction→Paragraph 1: Definition
Body→
Conclusion→ Paragraph 4: Advice
第二步 要点提炼
Paragraph 1：Herbal medicine is the use of the entire plants to treat a variety of diseases.
Paragraph 2：Unlike chemical medicine, herbal medicine is more effective and has no or fewer negative side effects.
Paragraph 3：However, herbal medicine also has disadvantages, such as time consuming and possible allergy.
Paragraph 4：People should use herbal medicine cautiously.
第三步 要点升级
Paragraph 1: Herbal medicine is a way of treating some diseases ______________________________ containing powerful things in various forms.
Paragraph 2: ____________________ chemical medicine, herbal medicine is better in several ways such as its more effectiveness and fewer negative side effects.
Paragraph 3: Herbal medicine requires ________ for recovery and tends to ____________ as well.
Paragraph 4: People should use herb medicine ________．
第四步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ Writing a summary
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.1.tea 2.flavours 3.benefits
Ⅲ.
Paragraph 1. love to make tea with fruit and herbs
Paragraph 2. more and more unusual flavours come onto the market
Ⅳ.
Paragraph 1. Addicted to making tea with fruit and herbs
Paragraph 2. have fallen in love with
Ⅴ.Apart from; Aside from
Step Ⅱ Writing
第三步
Paragraph 1. which uses entire plants
Paragraph 2. Different from
Paragraph 3. more time; cause allergy
Paragraph 4. with caution
第四步
Herbal medicine is a way of treating some diseases which uses entire plants containing powerful things in various forms (要点1). Different from chemical medicine, herbal medicine is better in several ways such as its more effectiveness and fewer negative side effects (要点2). However, herbal medicine requires more time for recovery and tends to cause allergy as well (要点3). Therefore, people should use herb medicine with caution (要点4)．
