河南省部分市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

河南省部分市
2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
河南省濮阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Group Visits and Tours
The Museum of Fine Arts Houston(MFAH) welcomes groups to experience the Museum’s collections and exhibitions. Discounts (折扣) for self-guided group visits and expert-guide d group tours are there for those who book 10 or more tickets.
From the great art collections of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston—with objects crossing the world and human creative history—to the ever-changing schedule of thematic exhibitions, the Museum offers a lot of tour topics to suit your interests. Visit as a self-guided group, and you and your guests can explore at your own pace. For a deeper exploration into the galleries, request (要求) an expert-guided tour.
Policy
The Museum offers tours and packages to groups of 10 or more for the Museum’s collections and selected exhibitions. Membership benefits and free individual admission may not be used at the same time with school or group visits. Tours led by guides who don’t work in the Museum are not allowed; please contact groupsales@mfah.org in advance of your visit for all tour requests.
Reservations
For price information, contact groupsales@mfah.org or 713-639-7878. To make a reservation (预定) request, complete the group visit request form. At least one-week advance notice is needed for self-guided visits and two weeks for expert-guided tours. Reservations are confirmed with an order number and decided by advance payment.
Looking for school tours Find information here or email schooltours@mfah.org with your questions.
Main address: 1001 Bissonnet, Houston, Texas 77005
MFAH Information Line: 713-639-7300
1. How can you get discounted tickets for the Museum
A. By visiting it with an expert. B. By buying at least ten tickets.
C. By booking tickets in advance. D. By paying a visit with your family.
2. Who will fail to visit the Museum
A. Groups led by a guide they bring. B. Children without their parents’ company.
C. Those coming with a clear visit plan. D. Visitors without membership.
3. What should you do if you want to have a self-guided visit
A. Call 713-639-7878. B. Buy the ticket two weeks ahead.
C. Visit schooltours@mfah.org. D. Pay for your ticket in advance.
B
Miss England, Jessica Gagen, is not your ordinary beauty winner. She just added an impressive title, a rocket scientist, to her career.
The 27-year-old just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on becoming an astronaut (宇航员).
But winning her title just a few months before completing her degree was no easy task for the energetic redhead from Kelmersdale. She is the first red-headed woman — and the first rocket scientist — to be crowned (加冕) Miss England.
Gagen was able to manage both her competition and her schoolwork but the stress of doing both left her with chest pains and sleeplessness. However, she didn’t give up, just as she had been treated badly and always been made fun of as a child for having red hair.
“It was a tough five-year journey to get to this point, and I faced challenges before I even began,” Gagen said. “I think it’s important that today’s youth know that sometimes things don’t go entirely to plan, and that’s perfectly okay.”
Before starting at the university, Gagen studied a foundation year in physics while working on weekends because she didn’t have all the courses she needed for the program. She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic (流行病) hit, all the course work went online. She did this while working full time at night.
During the course of her studies, Gagen saw that there were very few females in STEM and decided to make it her task to promote (提升) careers in STEM for women and girls on her social media.
In the first year, she won Miss Lancashire and placed second in the national contest but she really wanted to win to promote her task. “There’s a lot of work that goes into becoming Miss England, and I really wanted to win because I knew I could use the platform to get more girls into engineering,” she said.
4. What is special about Miss England mentioned in the text
A. She is also a scientist. B. She was once an astronaut.
C. She had a happy childhood. D. She has great pressure at present.
5. Why was Gagen laughed at when she was young
A. She had trouble with her study. B. She was in poor health.
C. The color of her hair was unusual. D. Her clothes were not beautiful.
6. What do we know about Gagen from paragraph 6
A. Her lifestyle in high school. B. Some of her college education.
C. Her attitude to her classmates. D. The support from her family.
7 What is Gagen’s purpose in winning Miss England
A. To continue her college education.
B. To realize her dream since childhood.
C. To get confidence to deal with difficulties.
D. To encourage more girls to learn STEM.
C
The big French pet care company AgroBiothers Laboratoire will no longer sell very small containers for raising fish.
The company has a 27 percent share of the French market for products used by people who raise animals at home. But it said it would no longer sell any fishbowls that hold less than 15 liters of water. They will only offer four-sided ones.
The company said it was animal abuse (虐待) to put fish in small bowls without added oxygen and filtration. Filtration is the process of removing small waste from the water with a device.
AgroBiothers chief Matthieu Lambeaux recently used the term “impulse”—meaning a sudden strong desire to do something—to describe why many adults buy goldfish. “People buy a goldfish for their kids on impulse, but if they knew what torture it is, they would not do it. Turning round and round in a small bowl drives fish crazy and kills them quickly,” Lambeaux added.
Goldfish can live up to 30 years and grow to about 25 cm in large aquariums (养鱼缸) or outdoor ponds. But in very small bowls they often die within weeks or months. Lambeaux said goldfish are social animals that need other fish, lots of space and clean water. He added that having an aquarium requires some special equipment and knowledge.
Germany and several other European countries have long banned (禁止) fishbowls, but France has no laws on the problem.
Lambeaux explained the company’s decision further by saying, “We cannot educate all our customers by explaining that keeping fish in a bowl is terrible. We consider that it is our responsibility to no longer give customers that choice.”
“There is demand for fishbowls,” he said, “but the reality is that what we offer children is the possibility of seeing goldfish die slowly.”
8. What makes the French company stop selling certain fishbowls
A. Their size. B. Their price.
C. Their weight. D. Their popularity.
9. What does the underlined word “torture” probably in paragraph 4 mean
A. Progress. B. Pleasure.
C. Difficulty. D. Suffering.
10. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A The age goldfish can reach. B. Costs of keeping goldfish.
C. Proper living conditions for goldfish. D. The advice on how to choose fishbowls.
11. What does the company prefer to do based on Lambeaux’s words
A. Raise the price of the fishbowls. B. Remove the chances of harming goldfish.
C. Keep goldfish outside in the wild. D. Educate parents to care for goldfish.
D
Google says an AI-powered system it created is helping improve traffic flow in major cities. The system, called Project Green Light, is now in use in 12 cities. The project aims to save energy and reduce air pollution, or emissions (排放量), from cars.
Google first announced the program in 2021, when it was testing the system in four areas of Britain. Since then, the company has kept increasing Project Green Light. Among cities now taking part in the program are Bangalore, Budapest, Jakarta, Manchester, Haifa, Hamburg, Rio de Janeiro, and Seattle.
In an online announcement, Google’s Yossi Matias explained the latest progress. He noted that the system is being tested in areas with serious traffic problems. Generally, this is at major crossings with heavy traffic and complex traffic lights. These areas where vehicles start and stop are known as crossroads.
The company said research has shown that at such crossroads, car emissions can be 29 times higher than on open roads. In addition, Google’s own research found that vehicles that must stop and start account for about half of those emissions.
Project Green Light uses individual (个人) driver data from Google Maps. This data is connected with AI methods to produce models of each crossroads where the system is in place, the company says. The data from Google Maps is also used to create another model on how different traffic lights interact (相互作用).
The modeling process for crossroads considers several things. These include the structure of streets, traffic conditions, signal scheduling and how the vehicles interact with lights.
The models are used to reduce stop and start times and save more driving time, a process called optimization (最优化). Google says one goal is to improve several crossroads at the same time to create “waves of green lights” for vehicles on the road.
12. What did Yossi Matias intend to tell us
A. When the system started. B. Where the system is used.
C. How advanced the system is. D. How heavy the city traffic is.
13. What’s the problem with the cars at the crossroads
A. They slow down the traffic. B. They cause more traffic accidents.
C. They often break traffic rules. D. They make much pollution.
14. What is the goal of Project Green Light
A. To make driving cars safer. B. To make the street cleaner.
C. To make the traffic smoother. D. To make people drive more.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. AI Is Changing Looks of Cities
B. AI-Powered System Is Improving City Traffic
C. City’s Traffic Light System Needs Improvement
D. City Streets Are Getting More and More Crowded
河南省三门峡五县市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）（改编）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Most Famous Libraries in the World
Trinity College Library
Designed by Thomas Burgh, the library is the largest in Ireland. Construction on the Long Room, the library’s 65-meter-long main hall, began in 1712 and lasted 20 years. The original structure only had books on the lower level, but when the library’s shelves were filled in the 1850s, the ceiling was raised to accommodate even more books. Today the Long Room holds 200,000 of the library’s oldest books.
Stuttgart City Library
Opened in 2011, the German library is a splendid light-gray cube consisting of glass blocks designed by Eun Young Yi. Inside it, you’ll find an airy central room, above which sits a multi-story stepped reading room lined with bookshelves. The library towers over the nearby buildings.
Library of Parliament
Taking the form of a Victorian Gothic chapter house complete with 16 flying buttresses, the 1876 Library of Parliament is one of Canada’s prized architectural treasures — it’s on the ten-dollar bill. Architects Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones took inspiration from the British Museum Reading Room for the structure, lining the central hall with delicate wood shelves and wood carvings.
Rampur Raza Library
Founded in the late 18th century, the Indian library is home to a massive collection of Islamic and Asian texts and objects. The pink structure that houses the collection today was built in 1904 by Nawab Hamid Ali Khan as a mansion of Indo-European style, The Rampur Raza Library was later shifted to this grand building in 1957.
1. Of the following libraries, which is the oldest
A. Trinity College Library. B. Library of Parliament.
C. Stuttgart City Library. D. Rampur Raza Library.
2. Who designed the library appearing on the ten-dollar bill
A. Eun Young Yi. B. Thomas Burgh.
C. Nawab Hamid Ali Khan. D. Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones.
3. What do the four libraries have in common
A. They house the rarest books. B. They were unusually designed.
C. They were expanded as needed. D. They overlook surrounding buildings.
B
Laurie Horam never thought of himself as musical. At home, his dad never listened to music, while one of his boarding school teachers labelled him tone deaf. But last month he started to play the harmonica (口琴)on the streets of Bradford. People clapped, danced and threw coins into his case for the local food bank. Horam caught himself thinking. “How, at the age of 79, do I come to be playing music to people on the streets ”
The question preoccupied him, because, some years ago at a family gathering, Gavin, his eldest son, said: “You know what, Dad It can’t be coincidental. We must have got our musical abilities from you.” Horam has three sons and they cover a range of instruments. He was surprised. “There can’t be music in me, because I can’t play! ”he said.
Eight years ago, Horam, a retired civil servant, was on his way back from a trip with his family. Gavin stopped at a music shop. He walked out and said: “Here you are. I bought this for you, Dad. It’s a harmonica. I’ll try to show you how to play a bit.”
They went to a session at their local pub. Gavin played the guitar and Horam sat in the corner with his harmonica, trying to make a sound that no one would hear. After six months, he was invited into the group. He discovered a talent for improvisation(即兴表演),responding to a note within a millisecond without batting an eyelid. “I don’t play by ear. I play by heart.” Actually, Horam says: “My harmonica plays me-how I feel, what I am, what I’ve been.”
Music has enriched life with friendship and made Horam feel “part of something much bigger” than himself. “At a time when the circle of life might be shrinking, mine is expanding,” he says. “Maybe we never know completely who we are or what we can do.”
4. Why did Horam play the harmonica on the streets of Bradford
A. To recall the good old days.
B. To beg food from passers-by.
C. To live his childhood dream.
D. To collect money for charity.
5. What is Gavin’s attitude to his father’s musical ability
A. Positive.
B. Disapproving.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
6. What does playing the harmonica allow Horam to do
A. Enjoy the quiet.
BListen to his heart.
C. Express himself.
D. Sharpen his hearing.
7. What does music bring to Horam
A. A lost soul.
B. A comfortable life.
C. A broader circle of life.
D. A new perception of family.
C
The World Health Organization(WHO)says it is possible to defeat the disease malaria （疟疾）although that is not likely to happen with the current methods.
Pedro Alonso, directing the United Nations agency's global malaria program, says the WHO wants to eradicate(根除）the disease but “with the tools we have today, it is most unlikely that the goal will be achieved.”
Malaria infected around 219 million people in 2017, when about 435,000 people died from the disease. The large majority were babies and children in the poorest areas of Africa. These totals little changed from 2016.But the numbers are smaller than the 239 million infections and 607,000 deaths reported in 2010.Diallo is head of the RBM Partnership to End Malaria. The group released a statement from him on the WHO report, saying, “Today, there are more countries without malaria than with it, and more countries than ever have fewer than 10,000 malaria cases.”
WHO officials have long wanted to destroy malaria. The United Nations agency first attempted a campaign against the disease in 1955.Now, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is providing financial support for the latest efforts.
There are a number of drugs available to successfully treat malaria. Sleeping under chemically-treated bed nets has proven to be effective in order to control malaria-carrying mosquitoes and infections. The drug company GSK has also developed a vaccine that has proven partially effective against malaria. The vaccine is currently used in Ghana and Malawi. But the WHO's report says these tools will not be enough to end the threat from malaria altogether. It calls for research and development of“transformative tools and knowledge” to control mosquitoes and create more effective medicines to prevent and treat the disease.
8How many people suffered from malaria in 2016
A. Around 219 million people. B. About 435,000 people.
C. 239 million people or so. D. About 607,000 people.
9. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Diallo feels worried about how to defeat malaria.
B. Malaria is a common disease in many countries.
C. WHO is in great need of financial support nowadays actually.
D. Humans have made great achievement in fighting with malaria.
10. What can we know about the vaccine from GSK in the opinion of the WHO
A. It can help effectively cure malaria.
B. It needs to be further developed.
C. It can kill mosquitoes in a short time.
D. It almost has no impact on malaria.
11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Possible to Defeat Malaria, But Probably Not Soon
B. Drug Company GSK Determines to Defeat Malaria
C. Malaria Control the Earth Long, But is to Disappear
D. Transformative Tools and Knowledge on the Way
D
We tend to use more emotional language to enhance our powers of persuasion, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The research shows that people tend toward appeals that aren’t simply more positive or negative but are filled with emotionality, even when they’re trying to persuade an audience that may not be receptive to such language.
Understanding the components that make for a persuasive message is a critical focus of fields ranging from advertising to politics and even public health. The researchers wanted to look at the question from a different angle, exploring how we communicate with others when we are the ones trying to persuade.
In one online study, the researchers showed 1,285 participants a photo and some relevant details for a particular product available from Amazon.com. They asked some participants to write a five-star review that would persuade readers to purchase that product, while they asked others to write a five-star review that simply described the product’s positive features. The findings showed that although the reviews were equally positive in their language, the data showed that reviewers used more emotional language when they were trying to persuade readers to buy a product compared with when they were writing a five-star review without intending to persuade. Importantly, the shift toward more emotional language appeared to be automatic rather than deliberative.
The tendency to use more emotional language emerged even when participants were attempting to persuade a group of “rational” thinkers. “Past research indicates that emotional appeals can backfire when an audience prefers unemotional appeals,” the researchers say. “Our findings indicate that there is such a strong enough connection between persuasion and emotion in people’s minds that they continue to use emotion even in the face of an audience where that approach can have an unintended result.”
An interesting avenue for future research, the researchers say, is to investigate whether the association transfers across various contexts. “For instance, would people use less emotion if they were in a boardroom meeting or if they were writing a formal letter of recommendation ” the researchers wonder.
12. What is the study mainly about
A. The influence of positive words.
B. The connection between emotion and persuasion.
C. The significance of understanding persuasion.
D. The power of emotional language.
13. What did the online study find in paragraph 3
A. More positive language was used for persuasion.
B. Emotional language was naturally used to persuade readers.
C. Less emotional language was used to persuade readers.
D. Both of the reviews were objective in their language.
14. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A. Damage the reputation. B. Produce the desired result.
C. Attract more attention. D. Have the opposite effect.
15. What does the last paragraph indicate
A. More research will be carried out in a boardroom meeting.
B. The researchers are not satisfied with the current avenue.
C. Future research will be done in various contexts.
D. A formal letter of recommendation should use less emotion.
河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题2.5分,满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
This year, over 2,000 students across the UK participated in the Youth Industrial Strategy Competition, a national competition organized by the British Science Association. Let’s take a look at some of the most creative ideas that made it to the final.
Rushil Patel’s AI processor
Rushil Patel, a student from St Wilfrid’s Catholic Comprehensive School in Crawley, developed a project that uses offline AI to accurately process a specific object or event in the world around the user.
A Martian habitat to reduce overpopulation
Thinking outside the box, students from Altrincham Grammar School for Girls in Greater Manchester “created” a habitat for humans on Mars in order to reduce the effects of overpopulation on Earth. It’s an unusual idea.
A hydroelectric plumbing (水力发电的管道) system
Students from Mary Webb School and Science College in Shrewsbury made a hydroelectric plumbing system designed to reduce energy wastage. Their product aims to make use of water flowing through the pipes in our homes, by fitting a device into household water pipes that acts as a mini hydroelectric generator.
The rainwater-harvesting bench
Students from Dundonald High School in Northern Ireland created a project that harvests rainwater in the city that can then be used again for human consumption. The product can also operate as a public bench.
21．What makes Rushil Patel’s AI processor different from other ideas
A．It made it to the final.
B．It can be used as a public bench.
C．It was invented by a single person.
D．It won first place in the competition.
22．Which idea is the most difficult to realize according to the text
A．Rushil Patel’s AI processor.
B．The rainwater-harvesting bench.
C．A hydroelectric plumbing system.
D．A Martian habitat to reduce overpopulation.
23．What do the last two ideas have in common
A．They are fixed in the house.
B．They aim to reduce pollution.
C．They are good for saving rainwater.
D．They relate to making use of water.
B
This week was busier than usual, and I was in need of sleep or rest today. All I wanted to do was go home and enjoy a bowl of good hot soup. But when I saw my daughter’s car, I knew that it was Bryan’s night. Since his parents separated, I had tried to have my six-year-old grandson spend a few hours with me at least once a week. I had always tried to make it a special time for him. We did many interesting things. Bryan loved all these activities, and so did I.
But today I had to give up our evening. I knew how tired I was, so I just said, “Bryan, I’m sorry. Tonight I don’t feel like having fun or playing games. We’ll have our night together some other time.”
He said, “I like soup, Grandma.” I knew he actually meant “Please don’t send me away. Please let me stay”. And I saw the shadow in Bryan’s eyes. Something else was changing. Maybe he thought I wouldn’t want to have him come anymore — not tonight, not next week, not ever. Finally, I said OK. And his eyes lighted up. After I put the soup on the desk and turned on the TV, I fell asleep.
When I woke up, there was a coat over my legs, and the soup was gone. Bryan was on the floor, reading a coloring book and watching a television show at the same time. The poor boy must have been so bored! When he found I was awake, he ran over and gave me a big hug. “I love you, Grandma,” he said. “Haven’t we had a nice time together ” His big smile and happy eyes told me that this time he meant exactly what he was saying. That was the keyword—together. We had done nothing exciting or special. But we were together.
24．What can we know from paragraph 1
A．Bryan’s grandmother was tired.
B．Bryan’s mom drank a bowl of soup.
C．Bryan came with his father that day.
D．Bryan played with his parents that day.
25．Why did the author agree to spend time with Bryan
A．She was required to do so.
B．She was not good at saying no.
C．She wanted to play games with Bryan.
D．She didn’t want to leave Bryan disappointed.
26．Which word can replace the underlined word “shadow” in paragraph 3
A．sickness B．selfishness C．kindness D．sadness
27．Which of the following can best describe Bryan
A．Young but loud. B．Careful and loving.
C．Noisy but curious. D．Brave and clever.
C
Children seem to care so much about their names. A study shows that most of young people wish their parents had given them a different name.
Some people choose to change their names when they grow up. Many people in show business don’t use the names their parents gave them. Have you ever listened to Joanne No The answer could be “yes” if we call her stage name instead! You may never heard of Margaret. But if we tell you her stage name, you might know her as a famous dancer.
In many cultures, there are special ideas about how to choose a name. For example, many people choose a name that has been in their family for many years. It tells the child where he or she comes from.
Choosing a good name isn’t easy. Many parents search books that tell them the meanings of names. They could choose a name that carries a message. For example, Edith means “valuable gift”. Amanda means “love”. And Fara means “joy”.
Names like these tell family and friends how happy they are with their new baby. Other names can say something about the events during the birth of the child. In Africa, a first born son may have the name Mosi and the name Ama means “born on Saturday”.
Is every boy called Curitis polite And is every girl called Mahira quick and full of energy No parents can tell what kind of person their child will grow up to be. Just because parents name a boy Fahim, it doesn’t mean he will be clever. All they can do is hope.
28．What can we know about the study
A．Young kids don’t care about their future.
B．Most of young people care about their names.
C．Most girls want to change their names.
D．Most parents want to rename by themselves.
29．Why is “Joanne” mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To prove some people hope to be renamed.
B．To introduce a famous dancer to readers.
C．To introduce her true name.
D．To tell the benefit of name.
30．Why is it difficult to choose a good name
A．Kids always want to rename.
B．It is hard to change kids’ names.
C．Parents aren’t sure if their kids will like the name.
D．Parents want to choose a meaningful name.
31．What is the best title for the text
A．Names can never influence our lives B．Your parents’ wish is behind names
C．Love your parents, love your name D．Methods to choose a suitable name
D
A study led by the University of Granada has made sure for the first time the number of steps at which most people can get health benefits. The study has provided the first scientific evidence for how many steps you need to take per day to reduce the risk of premature (过早的) death: about 8,000 steps. Given the length of a human step, taking 8,000 steps is just like walking about 6.4 kilometers a day.
The researchers conducted a systematic literature review and analysis of data from twelve international studies involving more than 110,000 participants. The results are in line with other recent studies, which show that health benefits are got at about 8,000 steps.
“What makes our study different is that, for the first time, we set clear step aims. It shows that measurable benefits can be got with small increases in the number of steps per day, and that for people with low levels of physical activity, every additional 500 steps improves their health. This is good news because not everyone can walk almost 8,000 steps a day, at least not at first, so you can set small, reachable goals and gradually make progress and increase the number of steps per day,” explains Esmée Bakker, one of the lead authors of the study.
So, should we stop walking when we reach around nine thousand steps “Absolutely not,” Francisco B. Ortega, another lead author of the study, said firmly. “More steps are never bad. Our study showed that even as many as 16.000 steps a day does not pose a risk; on the contrary, there are additional benefits compared to walking 7,000-9,000 steps a day.”
The study gives people clear and easily measurable goals. Here lies the importance of the study—to provide simple and concrete (具体的) aims for the number of daily steps that people can easily measure with their phones or smartwatches, and thereby contribute to people’s health.
32．What can we learn about the study according to paragraph 1
A．Its findings were based on scientific evidence.
B．It explored the length of a human step.
C．It proved the benefits of walking.
D．It found a new way to prevent premature death.
33．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The number of steps is becoming larger.
B．The number of steps is about 8,000 steps a day.
C．The number of the whole steps is about 500 steps.
D．The number of steps with a small increase can get benefits.
34．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To recommend a way to keep healthy.
B．To show the significance of the study.
C．To encourage people to walk more steps.
D．To prove the contribution of modern technology.
35．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Education. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Environment.
河南省郑州市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Help Teen Line Is Here!
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When you call or text Teen Line, we won’t judge you or tell you what to do. We will listen to you and work with you to find a way to improve your situation.
Who is going to answer your call or text
Our volunteers, who are high school students from Los Angeles, California, will answer your call. Our volunteers, who we call “Listeners”, receive over 100 hours of training from mental (精神的) health professionals so that they can respond (作出反应) and understand the needs of the teens reaching out.
What topics can you discuss with us
Our “Listeners” are ready to talk about anything you are going through. The most common topics teens reach out about are relationships, anxiety, depression and loneliness.
1．What is the goal of Teen Line
A．To discuss mental issues.
B．To solve health problems.
C．To give support and help.
D．To train voluntary “Listeners”.
2．What will Teen Line do when they receive a call
A．Only listen to the caller.
B．Turn to professionals for help.
C．Tell the caller what to do directly.
D．Work with the caller to solve problems.
3．Who are the “Listeners”
A．Well-trained volunteers.
B．Mental health professionals.
C．College students in California.
D．Teenagers with the same issues.
B
Anjali Mishra is a rising junior at Sunset High School in Portland, Oregon. At 17, she is president and founder of her school’s UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) USA club, and a member of UNICEF’s national council (委员会). She also volunteers her time in different communities.
How did Anjali develop such a passion (热情) for helping others When she was a freshman, she had an experience that greatly changed her attitude. She was invited to a cousin’s wedding in India.
“My mom kind of forced me to go,” Anjali says. “When I saw children on the street, I realized how lucky I was as a child. I was able to get whatever I wanted, and my every need was satisfied.”
Anjali asked herself: “What can I do to help UNICEF stood out to me because it’s always on the front lines helping children in need.”
After starting a UNICEF club at her school, Anjali noticed that the community responded actively. She took things a step further by applying to UNICEF’s national council.
“UNICEF really liked my work,” she says. “Out of 3,000 applicants, they chose 6 high school students to be on the national council, and I was one of them.”
As a member of the council, Anjali helps organize high school UNICEF clubs around the country and provide resources so that the clubs can manage themselves.
The teen also founded an organization called “Activists United.” Members educate people on the dangers of guns. Anjali encourages other kids to start local clubs and organizations, too. “It takes a lot of effort, but you can get it done if you’re passionate,” she says.
4．Why did Anjali go to India
A．To be a volunteer. B．To see her mother.
C．To spend a holiday. D．To attend a wedding.
5．What has led Anjali to set up the UNICEF USA club
A．Her mother’s suggestion. B．Her volunteer experience.
C．The situation faced by poor children. D．The encouragement from her cousin.
6．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．3,000 applicants. B．UNICEF officers.
C．6 high school students. D．Founders of UNICEF’s national council.
7．What does the organization “Activists United” do
A．It educates people on gun safety. B．It raises money for children in need.
C．It helps kids start local organizations. D．It provides support for UNICEF clubs.
C
Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing our lives so openly with the world was unheard of. However, for young people today it is considered completely normal to share pictures of their lives and interact online every day. Fans of social media (媒体) point out that the world has never been so connected as it has allowed people to make friends, learn about the world and celebrate life.
However, many people have concerns about the effects of this new way of living, particularly around the amount and type of information that is shared so openly. Recently researchers have found that too much time on social media may have some negative(消极的) effects. They measured people’s attitudes and feelings before and after watching social media sites. They found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became.
There are a number of reasons for this. When watching social media, people often see photographs and stories showing beautiful holidays, fun parties and modern clothes. People seldom post negative stories or bad pictures, so it can be misleading. For those looking at these pictures and comparing them to their own lives, they can end up feeling upset. They might think their lives are worse in comparison. Even for those people who post positive stories and pictures, they too can feel stressed and worried. The number of “likes” and comments on their posts can make them anxious about their popularity. Of course, there is also the problem of cyberbullying where people are bullied online when others make negative or cruel comments about them.
The reality is that social media is part of modern life and it is not going to go away. This research shows us that it is important to find a balance between our online and offline lives. We don’t have to stay away from the Internet to live a happy life, but we should realize that the pictures we see and the stories we read are only part of a bigger picture. If we can do that, we can protect ourselves and enjoy our lives.
8．What effect does social media have according to the recent research
A．It makes people share their lives openly.
B．It enables people to make more friends on the Internet.’
C．It helps people to have a better knowledge of the world.
D．It increases unhappiness for people who use it too much.
9．Why are people worried when they post positive stories and pictures
A．They fear others mislead their posts.
B．They fear others have happier lives.
C．They fear others may cyberbully them.
D．They fear others have more interesting stories.
10．How is Paragraph 3 organized
A．By giving causes. B．By listing numbers.
C．By making comparisons. D．By describing process.
11．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To persuade people to keep off the Internet.
B．To describe the threats caused by social media.
C．To advise us to balance online and offline lives.
D．To introduce the convenience created by social media.
D
Western monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) spend their winters on the central California coast. A few months later, they produce young in the Central Valley and as far north and east as Idaho. But where they go in between remains an open question to biologists. Therefore, a group of biologists call on anyone who spots a monarch north of Santa Barbara this spring to get a quick shot and email them the photo with a date and a location.
“Something’s going on in early spring,” said Cheryl Schultz, a professor at Washington State University Vancouver. Winter survival isn’t the problem in the short term, but they don’t know whether the monarchs are not making it to producing places, not finding plants to feed themselves along the way, she said.
The Western monarch population stood in the millions in the 1980s. In 2017, an annual count found 200,000 butterflies. In 2018, the number fell to about 30,000 — a figure that held steady last year. The monarchs’ decline is part of a larger trend among dozens of butterfly species in the West. What exactly caused the decline Biologists attach it to a variety of reasons. Many chemicals are sprayed on the milkweed monarchs will feed on. Climate change also plays a role in challenges facing monarchs. Yet, they’re not nearly as threatening as those leading to loss of their living room. Farms used to have rough borders that were grounds for the plants monarchs love and live in. However, newly applied practices pushed crops to the edge of fields.
“Butterflies often have good years and bad. We do think there’s potential to turn the situation around,” Dr. Schultz said. And she said she saw two reasons for that. First, the population decline seen in 2017-2018 wasn’t repeated last year. And second, she’s seen butterfly populations recover before.
12．Why do the biologists need the public’s help
A．To confirm monarchs’ producing places.
B．To find how monarchs survive the winter.
C．To address the unknown about monarchs.
D．To know the distance that monarchs cover.
13．Which of the following harms monarchs most
A．New farming practices. B．Lack of healthy food.
C．Wide use of chemicals. D．Severe climate change.
14．What is Dr. Schultz’s attitude towards monarchs’ future
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Worried. D．Cautious.
15．What’s the best title for the text
A．What Is Happening to the Monarchs B．Why the Monarchs Are Flying Away
C．Where All the Monarchs Have Gone D．How the Monarchs Adapt to Nature
河南省开封市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末调研英语试题
第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
A
Strawberry U-Pick at the Boyd Farm
Strawberry U-Pick Season is starting! For now, we are open Monday to Friday from 10 a. m. to 3: 30 p. m. and every weekend from 9 a. m. to 5: 30 p. m. !
Not only do we have our u-pick strawberry fields, we also have fresh produce, prepicked strawberries, snacks and other farm goodies for you to buy. We also have lots of fun activities for the family—hayride with the cows, horse ride, animals to pet and feed, swings, slide, sand pile, corn hole, corn pile and more!
Admission
Admission is $5/person (3 and under free)
Admission includes:
◆Access to u-pick fields
◆Access to swings, corn hole, sand pile, slide, corn pile and petting zoo
◆1 pound of free-to-take-home strawberries
Admission does not include:
◆Hayride with the cows—$5/person
◆Horse ride—$3/person
◆Animal feed—$2/cup
Important information
★Please don’t leave children unattended in strawberry fields and please don’t walk on the plant beds.
★We recommend bringing something to carry berries home to cut down on waste, but we will have plastic bags if needed.
★Usually strawberry season runs through April. This is entirely weather dependent, however.
★We recommend sunscreen / hat / water / closed-toed shoes!
★Pets are not allowed in the fields due to Food Safety regulations.
1. When is the Boyd Farm open to the public in April
A. 9 a. m. Monday. B. 5 p. m. Tuesday.
C. 4p. m. Friday. D. 10 a. m. Sunday.
2. What activity is included in the $5 admission
A. Hayride. B. Horse ride.
C. Corn pile. D. Feeding animals.
3. What is encouraged for visitors
A. Bringing their pets. B. Wearing open-toed shoes.
C. Playing in strawberry fields. D. Taking their own strawberry containers.
B
The journey to meet master thatcher (盖茅草屋顶的人) Chris Dodson is notably pleasant. In the Cambridgeshire village where he is currently working, it is easy to spot a thatched cottage.
Chris guides me to a couple of chairs where we can talk. “There is no thatching without mess,” he says cheerfully. “A rethatch takes my assistant and me around 10 weeks, so it’s important that customers feel comfortable having us around,” he says.
Chris is also sensitive to the cultural heritage (遗产) of his craft (手艺). “If you ask tourists to think of traditional English things, they will probably say thatched cottages and afternoon tea.” In the past 200 years, little has changed in terms of technique. “My great-grandfather would recognize the methods we use,” says Chris.
Though the principles of the craft are simple, they are hard to perfect. “Every roof is different; the skill of a good thatcher is adapting the material to a cottage so that it looks neat and smooth.” Individual craftsmen also develop their styles. “I can drive around, see a particular ridge and think, ‘So-and-so did that’,” says Chris.
“One might expect the industry to be in decline. On the contrary, there is a surprisingly healthy demand for new-builds. In addition, 97 percent of thatched properties are listed, so they have to remain thatched and be rethatched. The National Society of Master Thatchers has around 150 members and most of the thatchers who retire are replaced by young thatchers,” Chris adds.
4. Which word can best describe Chris according to paragraph 2
A. Considerate. B. Courageous. C. Cool-minded. D. Strong-willed.
5. What does Chris tell us about thatched cottages
A. They are typically English. B. They can be built in the pouring rain.
C. Their appearance has changed greatly. D. Their building methods differ from those of the past.
6. What does Chris suggest by saying “So-and-so did that”
A. Craftsmen are not fond of learning. B. Different thatchers have different styles.
C. Thatchers adopt new principles of the craft. D. Craftsmen make ridges with unique functions.
7. How would Chris feel about thatchers’ future
A. It will be embarrassing. B. It will be uncertain.
C It will be stressful. D. It will be promising.
C
An era in which an Alzheimer’s diagnosis can begin in a doctor’s office is now arriving. The new technology can detect early signs of disease from a blood sample, which is helping doctors to identify the memory-robbing disorder more accurately.
Last fall, a blood test developed by C2N Diagnostics in St. Louis, Mo. , became available to most of the U.S. as a routine lab test. It has also received a CE mark as a diagnostic medical device in the European Union — indicating it has met safety, health and environmental protection standards for the region.
The C2N test, called PrecivityAD, uses an analytic technique to detect specific types of B-amyloid, a protein fragment that is a pathological (病理学的) feature of disease. B-amyloid proteins accumulate and form plaques (斑块) visible on brain scans two decades before a patient notices memory problems. As plaques build up in the brain, levels of -amyloid decline in the surrounding fluid.
Such changes can be measured in spinal fluid (脊髓液) samples — and now in blood, where -amyloid concentrations are significantly lower. PrecivityAD is the first blood test for Alzheimer’s to be cleared for widespread use and one of a new generation of such assays that could enable early detection of the leading disease — perhaps decades before the onset of the first symptoms.
8. According to the passage, which can help doctors identify Alzheimer’s
A. hair. B. blood. C. skin. D. tongue.
9. What is the function of B-amyloid in the brain
A. To decline in the surrounding fluid. B. To form plaques visible on brain scans.
C. To accumulate and cause memory problems. D. To serve as a pathological feature of disease.
10. What does the underlined word “assays” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Tests. B. Trials. C. Treatments. D. Analysis.
11. What does the author think of the PrecivityAD
A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Pessimistic.
D
Americans do not believe their personal information is safe online, suggests findings from a new poll (民意调查). They are also not satisfied with the federal government’s efforts to protect such information.
The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and Meri Talk did the polling. It found that 64 percent of Americans say their social media activity is not secure. About as many have the same safety concerns about online information that shares their physical location. Half of Americans also believe their private text messages are not secure.
They are not just concerned. They want the federal government to do something about it. Almost 75 percent of Americans say they support creating laws for how companies can collect, use and share personal data.
A majority of those who took part in the poll said they have more trust in private companies than the federal government to address security and privacy issues. This comes even after years of hacks (黑客) of U. S. corporations that shared the personal information of millions of people around the world.
The poll answers showed that about 71 percent of Americans believe that individuals’ data privacy should be treated as a national security issue. But only 23 percent are satisfied with the federal government’s current efforts.
The law follows similar measures passed in California and Virginia, and gives people the right to find and delete personal information. Colorado’s law also permits people to choose out of having their data tracked and sold. Facebook and other companies opposed the bill.
The poll showed that protecting personal information online is “an area where people do see a direct role in government,” Benz said.
12. What percentage of Americans think their private text messages are not safe
A. 36 percent. B. 50 percent. C. 64 percent. D. 75 percent.
13. What do almost 75 percent of Americans support according to the poll
A. Creating laws for companies to deal with personal data.
B. Allowing personal data to be treated as a business issue.
C. Giving private companies more control over data privacy.
D. Trusting the federal government to fix the problem for them.
14. Who do Americans have more trust in to solve security and privacy issues
A. Themselves. B. Social media platforms. C. Private companies. D. The federal government.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Americans are not safe online. B. Americans are trying to protect themselves online.
C. Americans have little trust in the federal government. D. Americans have little trust in online security.
答案：
河南省濮阳市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了休斯顿美术馆欢迎团体参观，并提供自助参观和专家导游参观的折扣。文章还介绍了参观政策，最后还提供了联系方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Discounts(折扣)for self-guided group visits and expert-guided group tours are there for those who book 10 or more tickets.(预订10张或以上门票的人可以享受自助团游和专家团游的折扣。)”可知，通过购买至少十张门票可以获得折扣。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Policy部分中“Tours led by guides who don’t work in the Museum are not allowed(不允许由非博物馆工作人员带领参观。)”可知，带有自己的导游来参观的团队不允许进入博物馆。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Reservations部分中“At least one-week advance notice is needed for self-guided visits and two weeks for expert-guided tours. Reservations are confirmed with an order number and decided by advance payment.(自助游至少需要提前一周通知，专家导游团需要提前两周通知。预订以订单号确认，并通过预付款决定。)”可知，如果你想进行自助参观，需要提前支付门票费用即通过预付款决定。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英格兰小姐杰西卡·加根的故事，她不仅获得了英格兰小姐的称号，还在航空航天工程领域取得了学位，并立志成为一名宇航员。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Miss England, Jessica Gagen, is not your ordinary beauty winner. She just added an impressive title, a rocket scientist, to her career.(英格兰小姐，杰西卡·加根，不是一般的选美冠军。她刚刚为自己的职业生涯增添了一个令人印象深刻的头衔——火箭科学家)”可知，英格兰小姐杰西卡·加根的特别之处是她还是一名科学家。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, she didn’t give up, just as she had been treated badly and always been made fun of as a child for having red hair.(然而，她并没有放弃，就像她小时候因为红头发而受到虐待和嘲笑一样)”可知，加根年轻时因头发的颜色特别而被嘲笑。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Before starting at the university, Gagen studied a foundation year in physics while working on weekends because she didn’t have all the courses she needed for the program. She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic (流行病) hit, all the course work went online. She did this while working full time at night.(在进入大学之前，加根在周末工作的同时学习了物理学的基础课程，因为她没有完成该项目所需的所有课程。她于2019年开始在这所大学学习，当疫情爆发时，所有的课程作业都在网上进行。她一边在晚上全职工作，一边完成大学学业)”可知，从第六段中我们可以了解到加根的大学教育经历。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中“Gagen saw that there were very few females in STEM and decided to make it her task to promote (提升) careers in STEM for women and girls on her social media.(加根发现STEM领域的女性很少，于是决定在她的社交媒体上推动女性和女孩在STEM领域的职业发展)”和最后一段中“There’s a lot of work that goes into becoming Miss England, and I really wanted to win because I knew I could use the platform to get more girls into engineering (要成为英格兰小姐还有很多工作要做，我真的很想赢，因为我知道我可以利用这个平台让更多的女孩进入工程学)”可推知，加根在求学过程中发现发现STEM领域的女性很少，所以她想通过赢得英格兰小姐头衔来鼓励更多女孩学习STEM。故选D项。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了法国宠物护理公司AgroBiothers Laboratoire决定停止销售特小的鱼缸。该公司认为把鱼放在没有增氧和过滤的小缸里是虐待行为。该公司决定不再给顾客提供这种选择，因为他们认为这是一种责任。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But it said it would no longer sell any fishbowls that hold less than 15 liters of water. They will only offer four-sided ones.(但该公司表示，将不再销售容量低于15升水的鱼缸。他们只提供四边的。)”以及第三段中“The company said it was animal abuse(虐待)to put fish in small bowls without added oxygen and filtration.(该公司表示，将鱼放在没有添加氧气和过滤的小碗中是虐待动物。过滤是用一种装置从水中去除小废物的过程。)”可知，该公司表示，将鱼放在没有添加氧气和过滤的小碗中是虐待动物，因此该公司表示，将不再销售容量低于15升水的鱼缸，即他们停止销售某些鱼缸是因为它们的大小。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“Turning round and round in a small bowl drives fish crazy and kills them quickly(在一个小碗里转来转去，会让鱼发疯，很快就会死掉)”可知，人们会冲动地给孩子买一条金鱼，但如果他们知道小鱼在一个小碗里转来转去，会让鱼发疯，很快就会死掉，这对鱼来说是一种折磨，这样他们就不会这么做了。故划线词与D选项“Suffering.(折磨，痛苦)”为同义词。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Goldfish can live up to 30 years and grow to about 25 cm in large aquariums (养鱼缸) or outdoor ponds. (金鱼可以活到30岁，在大型水族馆或室外池塘里可以长到25厘米左右。)”以及“Lambeaux said goldfish are social animals that need other fish, lots of space and clean water.(兰比克斯说，金鱼是群居动物，需要其他鱼类、大量的空间和干净的水。)”可知，此处提到金鱼需要大量的空间和清洁的水，即本段主要谈论的是金鱼适宜的生活环境，故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lambeaux explained the company’s decision further by saying, “We cannot educate all our customers by explaining that keeping fish in a bowl is terrible. We consider that it is our responsibility to no longer give customers that choice.”(Lambeaux进一步解释了公司的决定，他说：“我们不能通过解释把鱼放在碗里很糟糕来教育所有的顾客。我们认为，我们有责任不再给客户这样的选择。”)”可知，公司更愿意做的是消除对金鱼的伤害。公司认为将金鱼放在小鱼缸中是一种折磨，所以他们决定不再提供这个选择。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Google开发的一个名为“绿灯计划”的人工智能系统，该系统旨在改善大城市的交通流量，节约能源并减少汽车排放造成的空气污染，对于减少城市污染和改善交通状况具有重要意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In an online announcement, Google’s Yossi Matias explained the latest progress. He noted that the system is being tested in areas with serious traffic problems. Generally, this is at major crossings with heavy traffic and complex traffic lights.(在一份在线声明中，谷歌的Yossi Matias解释了最新的进展。他指出，该系统正在交通问题严重的地区进行测试。一般来说，这是在交通繁忙和交通信号灯复杂的主要十字路口)”可知，Yossi Matias想告诉我们这一系统在哪些地方使用。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The company said research has shown that at such crossroads, car emissions can be 29 times higher than on open roads.(该公司表示，研究表明，在这样的十字路口，汽车的排放量可能比开放道路高出29倍)”可知，汽车在十字路口排放量可能比开放道路高出29倍，会制造了很多污染。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Google says an Al-powered system it created is helping improve traffic flow in major cities. The system, called Project Green Light, is now in use in 12 cities.(谷歌表示，他们开发的人工智能系统正在帮助改善大城市的交通状况。该系统被称为“绿灯计划”，目前已在12个城市投入使用)”和最后一段中“The models are used to reduce stop and start times and save more driving time, a process called optimization (最优化).(这些模型被用来减少停车和启动时间，节省更多的驾驶时间，这一过程被称为优化)”可推知，绿灯计划的目标是改善大城市的交通状况，使交通更顺畅。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Google says an Al-powered system it created is helping improve traffic flow in major cities. The system, called Project Green Light, is now in use in 12 cities.(谷歌表示，他们开发的人工智能系统正在帮助改善大城市的交通状况。该系统被称为“绿灯计划”，目前已在12个城市投入使用)”和最后一段中“The models are used to reduce stop and start times and save more driving time, a process called optimization (最优化). Google says one goal is to improve several crossroads at the same time to create “waves of green lights” for vehicles on the road.(这些模型被用来减少停车和启动时间，节省更多的驾驶时间，这一过程被称为优化。谷歌表示，目标之一是同时改善多个十字路口，为道路上的车辆创造“绿灯波”)”可知，本文主要介绍了Google开发的一个名为“绿灯计划”的人工智能系统，它可以帮助改善大城市的交通状况。由此可知，“AI-Powered System Is Improving City Traffic(人工智能系统正在改善城市交通)”是文章的最佳标题。故选B项。
河南省三门峡五县市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个设计独特的图书馆的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Construction on the Long Room, the library’s 65-meter-long main hall, began in 1712 and lasted 20 years.(长厅是图书馆65米长的主厅，始建于1712年，历时20年)”；第二段中“Opened in 2011, the German library is a splendid light-gray cube consisting of glass blocks designed by Eun Young Yi.( 2011年开放的德国图书馆是由李恩英设计的玻璃块组成的华丽的浅灰色立方体)”；第三段中“Taking the form of a Victorian Gothic chapter house complete with 16 flying buttresses, the 1876 Library of Parliament is one of Canada’s prized architectural treasures — it’s on the ten-dollar bill.(1876年的国会图书馆是加拿大最珍贵的建筑瑰宝之一，它被印在10美元纸币上，它的外形是维多利亚哥特式的教堂，有16个飞扶壁)”以及最后一段中“Founded in the late 18th century, the Indian library is home to a massive collection of Islamic and Asian texts and objects.(印度图书馆建于18世纪晚期，收藏了大量的伊斯兰和亚洲文献和物品)”比较可知，Trinity College Library历史最悠久，故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分中“Architects Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones took inspiration from the British Museum Reading Room for the structure, lining the central hall with delicate wood shelves and wood carvings.(建筑师Thomas Fuller和Chilion Jones从大英博物馆阅览室获得了结构的灵感，在中央大厅里排列着精致的木架和木雕)”可知，加拿大的国会图书馆印在了面值10加元的钞票上，设计灵感来自大英博物馆的阅览室，设计者为Thomas Fuller和Chilion Jones。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四家图书馆独特的建筑风格。藏书、扩建及凌驾于周围建筑物之上，只是部分或个别图书馆有所涉及，故选B项。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】文章是一篇记叙文。从小没有音乐天赋的Laurie Horam被自己的大儿子教会了口琴，让他丰富了自己的生活，扩大了自己的人生轨迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“People clapped, danced and threw coins into his case for the local food bank.（人们鼓掌、跳舞，并把硬币扔进他为当地食品银行捐款的箱子里）”可知，Laurie Horam在大街上吹口琴是为了给当地的食物银行筹款，故选D
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“You know what, Dad It can’t be coincidental. We must have got our musical abilities from you.（你知道吗，爸爸？这不可能是巧合。我们一定是从你那里得到了音乐才能）”可知，Gavin认为自己一定遗传了父亲的音乐能力。由此推知，他对父亲的音乐能力是肯定的，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“My harmonica plays me-how I feel, what I am, what I’ve been.（我的口琴演奏着我的感觉，我现在是什么样的，我曾经是什么样的）”可知，Horam用音乐来表达自己，故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的““At a time when the circle of life might be shrinking, mine is expanding,” he says. “Maybe we never know completely who we are or what we can do.”（“在生命周期可能正在缩小的时候，我的生命周期正在扩大，”他说。“也许我们永远不知道自己是谁，或者我们能做什么。”）”可知，音乐让Horam在自己生命的最后阶段发现了更新的、更广阔的意义，故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了目前传染病疟疾在全世界存在的状况和世界卫生组织致力于消除疟疾所做的努力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的2016 可知，答案出自第三段，再根据第三段中的“Malaria infected around 219 million people in 2017, when about 435,000 people died from the disease. The large majority were babies and children in the poorest areas of Africa. These totals little changed from 2016.”可知， 2017年感染疟疾的人数大约为219million，2016年的跟2017年的相比变化不大，所以2016年感染疟疾的人数也大约为219million。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Today, there are more countries without malaria than with it, and more countries than ever have fewer than 10,000 malaria cases.”可知，如今，很多国家已经消除疟疾，而且与以往相比，很多国家的现存患者少于10,000例。由此可推知，人类在抗击疟疾的行动中取得了巨大的成就。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 But the WHO's report says these tools will not be enough to end the threat from malaria altogether. It calls for research and development of“transformative tools and knowledge” to control mosquitoes and create more effective medicines to prevent and treat the disease.（但是世界卫生组织的报告说，这些工具还不足以完全消除疟疾的威胁。它呼吁研发“变革性工具和知识”来控制蚊子，并创造更有效的药物来预防和治疗这种疾病）可知，已经证明GSK制药公司研制的疫苗对抗击疟疾有一定效果，但不足以消除疟疾，还需要进一步改进。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段The World Health Organization(WHO)says it is possible to defeat the disease malaria （疟疾）,although that is not likely to happen with the current methods.（世界卫生组织(WHO)说，战胜疟疾是有可能的，尽管目前的方法不太可能实现）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了未来人类有可能战胜疟疾，但还有很长的路需要走，所以这篇文章最好的题目是“有可能战胜疟疾，但可能不会很快”。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《心理科学》上的一项研究结果，人们会凭直觉使用更多的情感语言来增强说服力。即使适得其反，人们还是会继续使用情感来劝说。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“We tend to use more emotional language to enhance our powers of persuasion, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. (根据发表在心理科学协会期刊《心理科学》上的一项研究，我们倾向于使用更多的情感语言来增强我们的说服力。)”可知，该研究解释了人们在说服时会使用更多的情感语言以增强说服力，由此可知，该研究主要是探索了情感和劝说之间的联系。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The findings showed that although the reviews were equally positive in their language, the data showed that reviewers used more emotional language when they were trying to persuade readers to buy a product compared with when they were writing a five-star review without intending to persuade. Importantly, the shift toward more emotional language appeared to be automatic rather than deliberative.(研究结果表明，尽管这些评论在语言上都是积极的，但数据显示，与写五星级评论而不打算说服读者相比，评论者在试图说服读者购买产品时使用了更多的情感语言。重要的是，语言倾向于情感化的转变似乎是自发的，而不是深思熟虑的。)”可知，该研究发现评论者在试图说服读者购买产品时使用了更多的情感语言，语言倾向于情感化的转变似乎是自然而然的。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。分析语境可知，后文的话是对划线单词所在句的进一步解释。根据后文内容“Our findings indicate that there is such a strong enough connection between persuasion and emotion in people’s minds that they continue to use emotion even in the face of an audience where that approach can have an unintended result.(我们的研究结果表明，在人们的头脑中，说服和情感之间有着足够强的联系，以至于他们甚至在面对可能产生意外结果的听众时，也会继续使用情感。)”可知，即使人们在说服有可能产生意外劝说结果的听众时，也会使用情感说服这一策略，即为划线单词所在句“Past research indicates that emotional appeals can backfire when an audience prefers unemotional appeals”表达的含义，由此可推知，“backfire”应是与“have an unintended result”表达含义一致，即，“产生事与愿违或适得其反的结果”，与选项D“Have the opposite effect.(有相反的效果。)”表达含义一致。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“An interesting avenue for future research, the researchers say, is to investigate whether the association transfers across various contexts. (研究人员说，未来研究的一个有趣途径是调查这种关联是否会在不同的背景下转移。)”可知，研究人员对于“情感与劝说之间的联系在不同背景下的是否会有所不同”感兴趣，由此可推知，未来的研究方向是考察情感和劝说之间的联系是否涉及其他领域。故选C项。
河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
21．C 22．D 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个进入青少年战略大赛决赛的创意。
21．细节理解题。根据Rushil Patel’s AI processor部分中的“Rushil Patel, a student from St Wilfrid’s Catholic Comprehensive School in Crawley, developed a project.(克劳利圣威尔弗里德天主教综合学校的学生Rushil Patel开发了一个项目)”；根据A Martian habitat to reduce overpopulation部分中的“Thinking outside the box, students from Altrincham Grammar School for Girls in Greater Manchester “created” a habitat for humans on Mars in order to reduce the effects of overpopulation on Earth(大曼彻斯特奥尔特灵厄姆女子文法学校的学生们跳出框框思考，在火星上“创造”了人类的栖息地，以减少人口过剩对地球的影响)”，A hydroelectric plumbing (水力发电的管道) system部分中的“Students from Mary Webb School and Science College in Shrewsbury made a hydroelectric plumbing system designed to reduce energy wastage.(来自什鲁斯伯里玛丽韦伯学校和科学学院的学生制作了一