2024年牛津译林版中考英语专题复习之介词

中考专题复习之介词
一、at
（1）表示点时间 1) 点时间 at six o’clock，
2）三餐 at breakfast, at lunch, at supper, at lunchtime
3) 表时刻的固定搭配 at noon，at night，at mid-night, at that time, at the moment, at present…
4) 在…岁时 at the age of…, at ten
5) 不含day的节日 at Halloween, at Christmas, at Mid-autumn festival, at Spring Festival, at Dragon-boat Festival
6) 其他 at first, at last, at once, at the beginning of…, at the end of…, at weekends= at the weekend…， at times = sometimes = from time to time
（2）表示点地点
at the end of the road, at the school gate, at the second crossing, at the bus stop
at school, at home , at the airport, at the doctor’s
(3) 指比率，价格，速度等 at the rate of… , at the price of…, at the speed of…
二、on
（1）表时间 1) 星期前on Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ Saturday/ Sunday
2) 日期前 on June 1st
3）含day的节日on New Year’s Day，on National Day, on Teachers’ Day, on May Day, on Mother’s Day, on Father’s Day, on Children’s Day,
4) 在我生日那天 on my birthday on my twentieth birthday
5) 具体到某天的上午下午和晚上on Monday afternoon， on a cold winter morning, on the evening of October 31st
6) 其他 on time， on weekdays
(2) 表示方位，在接触的面上、边上、线上
在墙上 on the wall 在…的另一边 on the other side of 在左边 on the left
在火车上 on the train 在去…的路上 on the way to … （长）在树上on the tree
(3) 含有on的词组：carry on doing, keep on doing, go on doing,
put on a coat, be on duty depend on
spend… on… have a bad effect on a report on animals
insist on doing turn on TV
三、in
(1) 表时间 1）早，中，晚in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
2) 在白天 in the daytime
3) 半小时之内（后） in half an hour
4) 月份前 in January/ February/ March/ April/ May/ June/ July/ August/ September/ October/ November/ December
5) 在年份前in 1999，in the 1990s,
6) 季节前 in Spring, in Summer, in Autumn, in Winter
7) 世纪前 in the 21st century
8) 其他 in a minute，in time， in the end，in a hurry，in ancient times(在古代)，
in the future
(2) 表方位，在…里面：in the classroom, in the box
(3) 表大地点：in Jiangsu, in China, in the USA
(4) 表方式：say it in English, in this way, in different ways, be in red, in ink, write a letter in pen/with a pen
(5) 固定词组：in need of…, do well in, be interested in, hand in (hand out), dress up in , in fact, in danger, in trouble, in fear, in hunger have fun (in) doing
have trouble (in) doing, have problems (in) doing, have difficulty (in) doing
succeed in doing be successful in doing have success in doing
be experienced in doing have experience in doing
四、表时间的介词
（1）表示时间的长度，选用 for
10个小时 for ten hours 好几天 for a few days
一会儿 for a moment 永远 for ever
（2）表示从过去某一时刻到现在，选用 since
以来 since 7 o’clock 自从上星期一以来 since last Monday
自从1998年以来 since 1998. 自我出生以来since I was born
（3）表示在某个时间以后，选用 after
after 8 o’clock , after breakfast , after school, after a while, the day after tomorrow
（4）表示时间的开始，应选用 from 表示时间的终结，应选用 to
from Monday to Friday, from six to eight, from then on
（5）表示早于，在……之前，应选用 before
晚饭前 before supper 上课前 before class 前天 the day before yesterday
（6）表示不迟于某时，选用 by : by then , by the end of last term
（7）当…的时候 when doing sth
(8) 直到 till, until
五、表示方位的介词：
(1) 在上面，且两者相互接触，用on
（2）在下面，且两者相互接触，用beneath
（3）在正上方，用over
（4）在正下方，用under
（5）在斜上方，用above
（6）在斜下方，用below
（7）在对面，用opposite
（8）在…附近，用 near
(9) 在旁边，用beside, next to
（10）在外面前面，用 in front of
在里面的前面，用in the front of…
(11) 在后面，用behind
（12）表示两者之间，用 between 表示三个或三个以上用 among
在这两个城市之间 between the two cities
在学校和商店之间 between the school and the shop 在树丛中 among the trees
(13) 在左边，在右边，用on the left, on the right
(14) 在中间，用in the middle of, in the centre of
(15) 在里面，在外面，用inside, outside
六、表示移动方向的介词
（1）向上或下移动，用up或down
（2）横穿，用across
（3）从某个空间穿过，用through
（4）从旁边经过，用past
（5）从上方越过，用over
（6）绕某物转圈，用around
（7）沿着，用 along
(8) 进入或出来，用into或out of
(9) 朝某个方向去，用to, towards
(10) 到某物表面，用onto
七、表示方式的介词：
(1) in：say it in English, in this way, in different ways, be in red, in ink
(2) on: on the radio, on the Internet, on TV, on the plane
(3) with: open the door with the key, with my own eyes, buy sth with money
(4) by : by air by phone by oneself by doing sth
八、表示所属。
some of them, a friend of my father’s , hundreds of students,
the key to the door, the answer to the question,
九、表示条件。
With your help, I will win.
You can’t go to school without breakfast.
十、表示根据。
eg: This statement is true according to the passage.
十一、表示赞成或反对。
eg: We are all for/ against you.
十二、表示关于、对于、除去等。
It’s good for your health. a talk about British history.
Everyone except Jim is here. I Besides reading, I love watching TV.
与某人谈话 talk to sb 对老师说起来 to the teachers 令人吃惊 to one’s surprise
十三、辨析
(1) in front of 在外面的前面 (2) in the tree 停在树上的鸟，爬在树上人
in the front of在里面的前面 on the tree 长在树上果实，花
(3) in the corner 在角落里 (4) look good on sb 穿在某人身上看起来好看
at the corner 在拐弯处 look good in red 穿红色的衣服看起来好看
(5) in the east of China 在中国的东部（内）
on the east of China 在中国的东部（接壤处）
to the east of China 在中国的东部（外）
(6) by 1) 乘坐交通工具 by bike = on a bike
2) 动作的执行者“由，被”by sb, by oneself
3) 通过做某事的方式 by doing sth
4) 截止到…时 by the time, by 2000
5) 在…旁边by the sea, by the river, by the window
(7) through 1) 从空间穿过 walk through the door walk through the forest
run through the tunnel shine through the window
pull oneself slowly through the darkness
walk through the flood water
2) 从头到尾 sleep through the whole winter
look through the questions quickly
(8) over 1) 在…的正上方 over my head
2) 越过 jump over the chair
3) 多于 over twenty = more than twenty
4) 结束 game over, Class is over.
(9) above\below 1）在…的上方/下方 The shelf is above the bed.
2）楼层的上与下 two floors above Marry, two floors below Marry
3）温度的上与下 stay above 0, drop below 0
(10) except 除…之外 Nobody except John knows the city well.
besides 除…之外（还…）Besides reading, I love watching TV.
except for 除…之外，常对某种基本情况进行具体的，细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，表示从整体中除去一个细节一个方面。
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
All of them have been to the Great Wall except me.（不包括我）
All of them have been to the Great Wall besides me.（包括我）
(11) turn on 打开 (12) put on a coat穿衣
turn off关闭 put off the meeting推迟
turn up调高音量 put out the fire扑灭火
turn down调低音量 put away toys 收起
turn left/right向左转/向右转 put up a picture粘贴/ put up a tent搭起
turn back向后转 put down放下
turn around转一圈
(13) put out the fire扑灭火 （14）look up向上看/查阅
take out 取出 take up占据
give out leaflets/light and heat pull oneself up the rocks向上拉
分发传单/发光发热 put up粘贴/搭建
send out发送出去 wake up醒来
sell out卖光 pick up摘，接
stay out呆在外面 clear up
come out出版发行 mop up the floor拖干净
look out注意/向外看
hand out分发
help out救出
find out找出
run out 用完，耗尽
十四、时间状语前不用介词的情况
(1) 在this, that, these等构成的短语前不用介词。
We are in Grade Two this year.
Tom’s trouble is very common to boys these days.
(2) 由next, last构成的短语前不用介词。
When did you go to bed last night
The next day she went to school without breakfast.
(3) 当yesterday, tomorrow用作副词或由它们构成的短语前不用介词。
Were you at home yesterday evening
Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning
(4) 在含a, one, every, some, all等词的短语前不用介词。
I hope to go to the moon some day.
It has no face or legs, but it can go all day and all night.