上海市上交附高2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无听力原文）

上海市上交附高2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试
英语试卷
（满分150分，答案一律写在答题纸上）
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 7:00 B. 6:30 C. 6:00 D. 7:30
2. A. They are likely to have a great review. B. They will stay there for a longer time.
C. They are to enjoy ice cream in an easy way. D. The ice cream store is too big to imagine.
3. A. He was involved in a traffic accident. B. He was not able to get to work on time.
C. He is seriously sick of his car. D. He had his car stolen.
4. A. The woman planned to travel by high-speed rail.
B. One of the man’s ears absolutely deaf.
C. The traffic app may help them to avoid a heavy traffic.
D. They are driving at a high speed as they planned.
5. A. At the bus stop of Shanghai Disney land B. At the platform of a subway.
C. At Shanghai railway station. D. At a bus stop somewhere in Shanghai.
6. A. Policewoman and driver B. Nurse and patient.
C. Librarian and reader D. Hotel manager and guest.
7. A. They have adopted at least two kids. B. They will have more adopted kids.
C. The couple are from Africa. D. They are an extended family.
8. A. Ms. Zeng is planning to raise the raw material cost due to the raised labour cost.
B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy certain products or not.
C. The quality of the products is really far from the man’s expectation.
D. The man has made up his mind to give the negotiation a stop.
9. A. She does not approve of the man’s way in describing people’s speech.
B. She believes that people’s speaking in an elegant way is amazing.
C. She doesn’t believe people may speak elegantly in real life.
D. She was in doubt about the man’s characters in the novel.
10. A. Their wedding anniversary is coming soon.
B. They’d better find another restaurant to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
C. The woman should be more patient on such a big day.
D. The driving is dull because of the heavy traffic.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 15.000 B. 5,000,000 C. 15,000,000 D. 50,000,000
12. A. The Chinese people are really good at the world’s most popular sport, soccer.
B. Within next decades, more than 90,000 soccer fields will be built across the country.
C. Chinese men have qualified for the World Cup final only once in 2002.
D. In contrast to men, Chinese women soccer players are more successful.
13. A. Some billionaires in China.
B. President Xi Jinping.
C. Jackson Martinez.
D. The Chinese people.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It gives students more time to digest what they’ve learned.
B. It is flexible in planning classes, social practice and personal projects.
C. Plenty of social practice frees students of worries about their future career.
D. Students have more time to enjoy their life in universities.
15. A. The length of each semester varies in the Chinese trimester.
B. All those “Project 985” universities have applied this trimester system.
C. Student should take as many courses as possible in summer semester.
D. Taking other subjects should be off the list in summer semester.
16. A. Taking more courses in summer semester.
B. Having an efficient arrangement in studying contents.
C. Taking an active part in promoting academic environment.
D. Paying not attention to changes in academic schedules.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. At home B. In a studio C. In office D. At school
18. A. An English programme B. Something annoying
C. An expression D. A goat called Fred
19. A. Nell’s goat is really a mad goat, a troublemaker.
B. Nell really makes Feifei mad.
C. Nell’s goat was really annoying to everyone.
D. Nell’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell.
20. A. Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test.
B. Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside.
C. You are riding a bicycle with you classmates in the street.
D. Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Multiple Choices (25’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ________ bossy employers maybe challenged by employees.
A. which B. where C. whose D. that
2. Dominating the list are high-income countries ________ the average ecological footprint is now five times that of poor nations.
A. of which B. what C. in which D. whose
3. ________ we’ve advanced our service quality is helpful in attracting more customers in the future.
A. How B. Why C. Which D. That
4. The post-pandemic job market is no longer the market ________ the general public thinks it is, as profit margins shrink.
A. which B. as C. where D. that
5. It is 10 years ________ these important environmental problems were addressed, which benefited the entire world.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
6. It is suggested ________, instead of complaining all day long, Louise think of the contributors who have helped her survive.
A. which B. / C. that D. what
7. The new class rules in ________ design most classmates have participated is so innovative that other classes also want to follow suit.
A. which B. where C. whose D. what
8. New ________ the facility is, it would make possible a much stronger signal that would cover wider residential areas.
A. although B. as C. despite D. while
9. It was widely confirmed by scientists that that was exactly ________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
A. why B. how C. when D. whether
10. Appreciating a poet’s reading of his own works is very beneficial because we can understand the poem better ________ the poet places emphasis or pauses.
A. at where B. from where C. in which D. from which
11. Whoever is elected the new leader will shoulder the responsibility of shaping our community into a more united one, as ________ by the voters.
A. being expected B. expected C. had expected D. expect
12. Where there is freedom of the press, there is also obligation to ensure objective reporting for what ________ and what is happening.
A. happens B. had happened C. happened D. is happened
13. It suddenly ________ to me that I need to mark it down, because I tend to forget things, however simple they are.
A. occurred B. occur C. occurs D. is occurring
14. He is the most devoted teacher that I ________, because he is forever thinking of how to create a better environment for this students.
A. saw B. had ever seen C. see D. have ever seen
15. The concert world as a whole is in crisis ,but jazz ,one of the most vulnerable types on live performance ,is especially on the edge.
A. which depends B. which depend C. that depend D. as depends
16. These thick forests cover abroad span of area, which serves as a perfect ________ for the march, leaving the enemy in the dark about our position.
A. setting B. cover C. residency D. tunnel
17. The newly-furnished library features a(n) ________ study room where students can sit in groups to communicate occasionally.
A. open-plan B. labour-saving C. single-roomed D. 24-hour
18. Though all his efforts have failed to ________ his demanding parents, his teacher and classmates were amazed by his academic performance.
A. shock B. arouse C. conquer D. wow
19. It’s easy to lay ________ for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers whose brain is underdeveloped rather than the shortage of guidance.
A. blame B. discrimination C. complaint D. criticism
20. On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide what part to adopt and how much to ________ for a better version awaiting for publication.
A. adapt B. surf C. update D. quote
21. Overtime, the euro and China’s yuan can mature into competitors for dollar as ________ currency.
A. convertible B. intelligent C. primary D. valuable
22. Her excellent speech was ________ by bursts of applause and great cheers from the crowd.
A. impressed B. illustrated C. punctuated D. delivered
23. To transfer information from short-term to long-term memory, the ________ requires periods of rest.
A. heart B. spirit C. brain D. head
24. Her parents tried to ________ some pressure on her to do well in the college entrance examination so that she can be admitted to a prestige university.
A. bring B. put C. bear D. keep
25. Many parents work all day long to provide their children with a good living condition, but their kids might just ________ for the company of their parents.
A. take B. long C. expect D. desire
Section B
Vocabulary (20’)
A
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. touched B. extraordinary C. set D. challenged E. involvement F. individuality G. angle H. quote I. reflection J. amazed K. dismissal
Dead Poets Society (死亡诗社) is a 1989 American drama film written by Tom Schulman, directed by Peter Weir and starring Robin Williams. The film evoked an extensive ___26___ on education. ___27___at the conservative Welton Academy in the northeast United States in 1959, and it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry.
In the autumn of 1959, Neil begins his senior year of high school at Welton Academy, an all- male, elite school. On the first day of classes, they are ___28___ by the unorthodox (非正统的) teaching methods of the new English teacher John Keating,a Welton alumnus who encourages his students to “make your lives ___29___”, a sentiment he summarized with the Latin expression carpe diem. Subsequent lessons include having them take turns standing on his desk to teach the boys how they must look at life in a different ___30___ , telling them to tear off the introduction of their poetry books which explains a mathematical formula used for rating poetry, and inviting them to make up their own style of walking in a courtyard to encourage them to maintain ___31___. As the school year progresses, Keating’s lessons and their ___32___ in a secret poetry club encourage them to live their lives on their own terms.
However, Keating’s methods attract the attention of strict headmaster Gale Nolan. He is fired and Nolan takes over teaching the class. Keating interrupts the class to collect personal articles before he leaves, the students shout that all of them were forced to sign the letter that resulted in his ___33___. They stand on their desks one by one and salute Keating with the words “O Captain! My Captain!”. Keating is deeply ___34___.
The Dead Poets Society received critical applause and box office success. The film’s line “Carpe diem. Seize the day.” was also voted as the greatest movie ____35____ of the year 2014 by the American Film Institute.
*B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. addressed B. boast C. approach D. sense E. wealthy F. glimpse G. revealed H. pushy I. statistics J. peers K. motivation
College Rankings Are Something, but Not Everything
I am always confused when reading statements like “Princeton University is the number one college in the United States.” Are those who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their ___36___ Is Princeton able to produce more geniuses upon graduation
High-ranking colleges in global education leagues attract greater talent in staff and students, and ___37___ better facilities, therefore generating more profits. In the United States, however, this virtuous cycle can turn vicious when financially-challenged parents end up spending their life savings on their children’s education, while ___38___ individuals can simply buy their way in. Besides, these rankings face criticism for potentially influencing colleges to make minor adjustments in ___39___ to improve their position on the table.
I didn’t care about college rankings for years until I recently saw something different. This past October, Shanghai Ranking Consultancy ___40___ the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023, which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines. It is said to employ a more in-depth ___41___ to evaluate the performance of universities. And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject. But how much weight should you give to these rankings
In my opinion, college rankings can serve as a reference, offering a ___42___ into the reputation and strengths of institutions. However, they should not be the only determining factor for you. There are many aspects to a university education that can only be ___43___ when you are clear about your goals.
I once taught a three-month program to prepare university students for overseas exchange programs in England. But some of them displayed low ___44___. It wasn’t merely due to a language barrier. These individuals seemed to lack communication skills, critical thinking and, more importantly, a ___45___ of purpose, which might help determine their future academic quality. After all, what lies in the heart of education is “U” .
III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Blame My Brain” by Nicola Morgan, reviewed by Rosalie Warren
As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things (not my fault — my brain did it!), I was ___46___ by the title of Nicola Morgan’s book and only slightly disappointed to learn that it was ___47___ teenagers. Since I have many days when I feel that I am barely out of my teens (though the mirror, sadly, does not bear this out), I decided that the book might still be relevant to me, and indeed to my relationships with my no-longer-teenage children.
The subtitle is “The amazing teenage brain revealed” and amazing is, I soon ___48___, exactly what the teenage brain is. I learned that one of the things that ___49___ to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life. Not ___50___, all this activity is not without its downside for the person “within”, and it goes along way towards ___51___ why teenagers can be so difficult to live with and to cope with themselves.
There are also brain-based explanations of why teenagers need so much sleep, why they don’t tidy their rooms, why they come ___52___ when the rest of the world is going to sleep and why some of them, at least, are risk-takers. There’s stuff about alcohol and drugs and why such things are not good for the brain, but all of it is written in a very ___53___ and understanding way that I think teenagers will warm to.
Nicola Morgan is not a neurologist or a ___54___ scientist, but she clearly had done a great deal of research and ____55____ experts including Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and Professor Susan Greenfield, among many other eminent names in the field. Morgan has a gift for simplifying and explaining ____56____ subject matter with a light but precise touch, and she is careful to ____57____ between established facts and theories and speculations of her own and other people’s.
There’s plenty of humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity of parents and other well-meaning but misguided adults, which teenagers will ____58____. There are diagrams, tests, photos relating to questions like What emotions can you recognize Do you ____59____ other emotions with anger What kind of thinker are you Which mental tasks do you find comparatively easy or difficult There’s also sound advice for addiction, self-harm, depression and other ____60____ illnesses, and some pointers towards recognizing when you may need to seek help.
The illustrations by Andy Baker are great, too. And oh yes — there’s some interesting discussion on the differences between girls’ brains and boys’, if there are any. You’ll have to read it to find out...
46.
A. attracted B. interested C. invested D. introduced
47.
A. intended to B. aimed at C. targeted by D. appealed to
48.
A. defended B. dismissed C. discovered D. differed
49.
A. happens B. projects C. evolves D. limits
50.
A. surprisingly B. immediately C. unfortunately D. regularly
51.
A. expressing B. explaining C. declaring D. exposing
52.
A. living B. lively C. alive D. alone
53.
A. sympathetic B. pessimistic C. positive D. negative
54.
A. laborious B. humorous C. productive D. professional
55.
A. consulted B. conducted C. converted D. suggested
56.
A. complicated B. simplified C. contrary D. demanding
57.
A. denounce B. distinguish C. determine D. depend
58.
A. appreciate B. hate C. respect D. reflect
59.
A. confuse B. combine C. unite D. associate
60.
A. mind B. physical C. mental D. emotional
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
In the heart of the war-torn city, where buildings stood like wounded soldiers, Emma waited inline for her weekly ration. The line moved slowly, a somber procession of gaunt (瘦削憔悴的) faces and threadbare coats. When her turn came, the ration officer handed her the allotted food with a detached efficiency. “Two loaves, half a pound of sugar, and a tin of powdered milk,” he recited. The portions seemed to shrink each week, mirroring the dwindling hope in people’s hearts.
Clutching her meager supplies, Emma hurried through the bombed-out streets, dodging craters and debris. The city, once vibrant and bustling, now lay in a hushed surrender to scarcity and fear. At home, her family’s small garden offered a sharp contrast to the desolation around. Here, amidst the rows of struggling vegetables, her father toiled.
“Dad, let me help,” Emma offered, taking the shovel from his weary hands. Together, they dug into the earth, creating a hidden cache for extra food. It was a secret they guarded fiercely, knowing that in times of shortage, even neighbors could turn against each other out of desperation.
As they worked, Emma’s mind wandered to the days before the war, when food was abundant and their garden was a source of joy, not just survival. She remembered her mother’s cooking, the aromas that filled their kitchen, the laughter that accompanied their meals. Now, each bite of their bland rations was a reminder of what had been lost.
In the evenings, the family gathered around a small table, sharing their rationed food. Conversation flowed, weaving tales of better times, igniting sparks of hope. Emma’s younger brother, Tom, would often ask, “When will we have chocolate again ” It was a question loaded with longing, not just for the sweetness of chocolate but for the return of normalcy.
Despite the hardship, they found reasons to smile. Emma’s father would recount stories from his youth, tales of adventure that seemed like fairy tales in their grim surroundings. Her mother would hum old tunes, filling their home with a semblance of warmth and normalcy.
As winter deepened, the rations grew scarcer, and the hidden cache in the garden became their lifeline. Each day, Emma and her father would check the hole, ensuring their precious supplies were safe. The hole, a mere cavity in the ground, symbolized their resilience, a refusal to succumb to despair.
61. How did the amount of weekly rations appear to change each week
A Significantly increased B. Dramatically decreased
C. Remained the same D. Decreased each week
62. What does the term “hidden cache” in the third paragraph refer to in the article
A A treasure map B. A buried capsule
C. A secret food storage spot D. A mysterious box
63. How does the family’s gathering around the table for meals illustrate the impact of war on their lives
A. Abundant food showshow the war has unexpectedly brought prosperity to their family.
B. The family’s conversations about a war-free future reflect their enduring hope.
C. Meals at the table are silent and rushed, highlighting their fear and anxiety.
D. The table becomes a place of conflict where family members argue over limited food.
64. Tom’s longing for chocolate is symbolic in the story. What does this longing represent
A. It’s a simple craving for a treat unrelated to the broader themes of the story.
B The desire for chocolate symbolizes a yearning for the comforts of life before the war.
C. His wish for chocolate indicates his dislike for the food rationing and nothing more.
D. It is a secret code used by the family to communicate about their hidden food.
B
________/10 Hardship Judy May, 2020 Early on I thought this family was a bunch of complainers. But the focus of this reality show is how sweet family life was in the tough wartime era, which really touched me. But as I watched I noted that the 1940s mid-class family life was not that unbearable. Even though they didn’t have labor-saving facilities, they still had coal fire. Maybe, it’s only due to modern people’s sense of privilege that they promptly forget what immense, bodily labor was involved in the previous chore it replaced. So, the experiment was not that “real” ! Therefore, I recommend, but not highly, this show to you.
_________/10 Must See TV-Really! Lily June, 2021 For anyone interested in “Reality TV” with an emphasis on “Real”, checkout 1940’s House as soon as you can. The Hymer family from northern England spends 9 weeks living the life of a suburban 1940’s house during the infamous London blitz. Everything they use, wear, purchase, read comes from that time period - including ration books, blackout curtains, Victory gardens, and a self-built bomb shelter. What makes this “House” installment the best in a long line (see “Frontier House”, “Colonial House”, “1900 House”) is the family’s willingness to immerse themselves in the project wholeheartedly. You as the viewer really begin to sympathize with the Hymer family’s struggles to live a 1940’s life with a 21st century mindset. I think most people will come away liking the attitude and spirit of the mother the best - she truly embodies the British spirit that was so essential and prevalent during England’s darkest hour. This is 3 hours of “history” that no one will want to end. Children would also enjoy this as there are 2 young boys (ages 10 and 7) who participate in the program wholeheartedly.
________/10 A bit sinister David February, 2023 Although it’s as well made as the other PBS reality shows, this one was disturbing. Many of the hardships imposed on the Hymers are by design, not circumstance. A committee of seven or eight experts privately judges them in a star chamber and decides how strict rationing will be and how much they will be fined for infractions. Watching the children go hungry while the experts debated how much to cut the food budget bothered me. The Hymers live more like lab rats than adventurers. It’s also hard to get worked up about how much wartime Brits suffered from rationing since it was nothing compared to the hardships undergone by eastern Europeans, Asians and even their own soldiers. The show was simply too narrow in scope and sinister.
65. The ratings of these three users have been hidden. Which of the following three ratings do you think are most likely to be real
A. Judy: 6/10; Lily:3/10; David:1/10 B. Judy: 8/10; Lily:10/10; David:8/10
C. Judy: 6/10; Lily:10/10; David:1/10 D. Judy: 8/10; Lily:1/10; David:8/10
66. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. From Judy’s perspective, the Hymers family has always been a bunch of complainers.
B. The “House” series consist of “Frontier House”,” Colonial House” and “1900 House”.
C. The mother personifies the essential British spirit so most people will like her.
D. The PBS reality shows are quite disturbing, especially “The 1940s House”.
67. The passage can probably be found ________.
A. on a website providing reviews about reality shows
B. on the advertisement of “The 1940s House”
C. on a textbook about how to make excellent movies
D. in a fantasy novel about travelling back to the 1940s
C
Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. I don’t need to remind you that “millennials” and, increasingly, “Gen Z” are our most important markets. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth.
Social media has just changed the ways people discover brands from viewing television, newspapers and magazines to surfing Instagram and TikTok; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. Online, communication is cheap and prices are readily Googled.
There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only influencer-backed beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical retailers. If we want to succeed, we need to offer the best of both physical and virtual worlds.
Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. It is chiefly youngsters who buy cheap “fast-fashion” outfits to wear once and then send to landfill. Also, youngsters care less for consumer boycotts than its virtue-signaling parents, thus open to various brands. No wonder, most brands originate from youngsters with duel identities of producers and consumers.
What determines the shopping mode of a generation is their mindset. In Gen Z, lies are easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown and hates hypocrisy. We are people just as our young customers are and people will always buy sincerity.
68. What is the article primarily warning readers against in marketing
A. The excessive use of digital advertising and ignoring traditional media.
B. The use of influencers and social media platforms for product promotion.
C. Focusing solely on Gen Z without considering other demographic groups.
D. Relying on outdated perceptions of young consumer behaviors.
69. Why is it challenging to build brand loyalty among younger consumers in the digital age
A. Young consumers are less interested in brand loyalty.
B. Digital natives can check out marketing claims.
C. Young consumers prefer shopping in physical stores.
D. Social media platforms are misguiding in brand establishment.
70. What is suggested about the importance of physical stores in modern retailing
A. Physical stores are becoming obsolete due to the rise of e-commerce.
B. Young consumers only prefer online shopping and home deliveries.
C. A combination of digital and physical retail experiences is most effective.
D. Physical stores should be completely replaced by digital marketing strategies.
71. What’s the attitude of young consumers towards brands
A. They commit to social justice and boycott unethical brands.
B. They consider a brand’s sustainability but are not controlled by it.
C. They are indifferent to a brand’s quality and social influence.
D. They only support brands that are created by their peers.
*Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
More Than a Feeling
Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. ___72___
We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
___73___ Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地).
Consider anger, for example. Backed by the threat of attack, anger creates incentives (动机) for others to comfort the angry individual. Your mental calculations increase the importance you place on your own welfare and goals at the expense of others’. Coaches tap into anger as a motivational tool because the focus on the self encourages athletes to push themselves to achieve their goals. Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. ___74___
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. ___75___ By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits.
A. Emotions play a critical role in shaping our thoughts and decisions, subtly influencing the framework of our reasoning even when we believe we are thinking rationally.
B. He believed that emotions played a constructive role in the lives of non-human animals, while the usefulness of emotions was largely replaced by the evolution of reason in humans.
C. That can produce better judgments in situations where risk aversion (厌恶) is inappropriate, as when you are analyzing stocks (股票) or playing poker.
D. Anger, while often perceived negatively, can sometimes fuel our motivation and reduce our perception of risk, enabling more decisive actions in certain situations.
E. Studies show that those with high levels of emotional intelligence fare better in their personal and professional lives.
F. If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work.
第II卷
*Section A (2’ x 8=16’)
Phrase Translation
汉译英
76. 能够在20世纪40年代生存 ________________
77. 喜欢冒险并从中幸存 ________________
78. 说了很多却没有抓住要领 ________________
79. 经历了很多生理上的变化 ________________
80. 给观众留下深刻印象 ________________
81. 以农场为背景的实验性课堂 ________________
82. 赢得他人尊重的最佳方式 ________________
83. 朗读莎翁剧作中的一句引语 ________________
*Section B (3’+3’+4’+4’+5’=19’)
Sentence Translation
Directions: Translate the following phrases into English, using the words given.
84. 他努力尝试想要融入这群有冒险精神的少年中。(fit) (汉译英)
85. 如果你定期整理学习资料，会发现好的学习习惯会让你受益匪浅。 (basis) (汉译英)
86. 这些所谓“不可教”的学生不应该为前任老师不合适的教学方式背锅。(blame) (汉译英)
87. 长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点，这对他的同伴产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英)
88. 永远铭记那段因为战乱而无家可归的日子，因为那些日子改变了人们对家庭和这个世界的看法。(convert) (汉译英)
听力 1—5 BCACD 6—10 BABAC 11—15 DDBBA 16—20 BBCDB上海市上交附高2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试
英语试卷
（满分150分，答案一律写在答题纸上）
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 7:00 B. 6:30 C. 6:00 D. 7:30
2. A. They are likely to have a great review. B. They will stay there for a longer time.
C. They are to enjoy ice cream in an easy way. D. The ice cream store is too big to imagine.
3. A. He was involved in a traffic accident. B. He was not able to get to work on time.
C. He is seriously sick of his car. D. He had his car stolen.
4. A. The woman planned to travel by high-speed rail.
B. One of the man’s ears absolutely deaf.
C. The traffic app may help them to avoid a heavy traffic.
D. They are driving at a high speed as they planned.
5. A. At the bus stop of Shanghai Disney land B. At the platform of a subway.
C. At Shanghai railway station. D. At a bus stop somewhere in Shanghai.
6. A. Policewoman and driver B. Nurse and patient.
C. Librarian and reader D. Hotel manager and guest.
7. A. They have adopted at least two kids. B. They will have more adopted kids.
C. The couple are from Africa. D. They are an extended family.
8. A. Ms. Zeng is planning to raise the raw material cost due to the raised labour cost.
B. The man is hesitating about whether he will buy certain products or not.
C. The quality of the products is really far from the man’s expectation.
D. The man has made up his mind to give the negotiation a stop.
9. A. She does not approve of the man’s way in describing people’s speech.
B. She believes that people’s speaking in an elegant way is amazing.
C. She doesn’t believe people may speak elegantly in real life.
D. She was in doubt about the man’s characters in the novel.
10. A. Their wedding anniversary is coming soon.
B. They’d better find another restaurant to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
C. The woman should be more patient on such a big day.
D. The driving is dull because of the heavy traffic.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 15.000 B. 5,000,000 C. 15,000,000 D. 50,000,000
12. A. The Chinese people are really good at the world’s most popular sport, soccer.
B. Within next decades, more than 90,000 soccer fields will be built across the country.
C. Chinese men have qualified for the World Cup final only once in 2002.
D. In contrast to men, Chinese women soccer players are more successful.
13. A. Some billionaires in China.
B. President Xi Jinping.
C. Jackson Martinez.
D. The Chinese people.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It gives students more time to digest what they’ve learned.
B. It is flexible in planning classes, social practice and personal projects.
C. Plenty of social practice frees students of worries about their future career.
D. Students have more time to enjoy their life in universities.
15. A. The length of each semester varies in the Chinese trimester.
B. All those “Project 985” universities have applied this trimester system.
C. Student should take as many courses as possible in summer semester.
D. Taking other subjects should be off the list in summer semester.
16. A. Taking more courses in summer semester.
B. Having an efficient arrangement in studying contents.
C. Taking an active part in promoting academic environment.
D. Paying not attention to changes in academic schedules.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. At home B. In a studio C. In office D. At school
18. A. An English programme B. Something annoying
C. An expression D. A goat called Fred
19. A. Nell’s goat is really a mad goat, a troublemaker.
B. Nell really makes Feifei mad.
C. Nell’s goat was really annoying to everyone.
D. Nell’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell.
20. A. Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test.
B. Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside.
C. You are riding a bicycle with you classmates in the street.
D. Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Multiple Choices (25’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ________ bossy employers maybe challenged by employees.
A. which B. where C. whose D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在僵化的制度中，监管往往会遇到阻力，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the rigid system，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选B项。
2. Dominating the list are high-income countries, ________ the average ecological footprint is now five times that of poor nations.
A. of which B. what C. in which D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在榜单上占主导地位的是高收入国家，它们的平均生态足迹现在是贫穷国家的五倍。先行词为high-income countries，表示高收入国家的平均生态足迹，介词为of，所以本句为of which 引导的定语从句。故选A项。
3. ________ we’ve advanced our service quality is helpful in attracting more customers in the future.
A. How B. Why C. Which D. That
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们提高了服务质量，这有助于在未来吸引更多的客户。分析句子结构可知，本空引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用that引导。故选D。
4. The post-pandemic job market is no longer the market ________ the general public thinks it is, as profit margins shrink.
A. which B. as C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着利润率的下降，疫情后的就业市场不再是公众认为的市场。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the market，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作表语，且先行词也在主句中作表语，应用关系代词that引导。故选D。
5. It is 10 years ________ these important environmental problems were addressed, which benefited the entire world.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这些重要的环境问题得到解决已经有10年了，这使整个世界受益。A. since自从；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；D. when当……时候。此处为句型“it is+一段时间+since”，表示“自从……时间是多久了”。故选A。
6. It is suggested ________, instead of complaining all day long, Louise think of the contributors who have helped her survive.
A. which B. / C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：有人建议露易丝不要整天抱怨，想想那些帮助她生存下来的贡献者。此处为句型It is suggested that...，it作形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句。故选C。
7. The new class rules in ________ design most classmates have participated is so innovative that other classes also want to follow suit.
A. which B. where C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大多数同学参与设计的新班级规则是如此创新，以至于其他班级也想效仿。分析可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The new class rules，关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose，故选C。
8. New ________ the facility is, it would make possible a much stronger signal that would cover wider residential areas.
A. although B. as C. despite D. while
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：尽管该设施是新的，但它将有可能发出更强烈的信号，覆盖更广泛的居民区。四个选项中的单词都有“尽管”的含义，但只有as引导的让步从句，必须用将表语或状语提前的部分倒装结构。本句的倒装结构为：表语New+as+主语the facility+系动词is。故选B。
9. It was widely confirmed by scientists that that was exactly ________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
A. why B. how C. when D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：科学家们普遍认为，这正是需要尽快解决全球温室气体排放问题的原因。A. why为什么，……的原因；B. how如何，怎样；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。句子分析可知，“________ global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible”在that引导的主语从句中作表语，设空处在表语从句中作状语，根据句中“It was widely confirmed by scientists”以及空后“global greenhouse gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible”可知设空处表示“……的原因”用连接副词why。故选A。
10. Appreciating a poet’s reading of his own works is very beneficial because we can understand the poem better ________ the poet places emphasis or pauses.
A. at where B. from where C. in which D. from which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：欣赏诗人对自己作品的阅读是非常有益的，因为我们可以从诗人强调或停顿的地方更好地理解诗歌。由句意可知，空格处应表达“从”，故用介词from。分析句子结构可知，from后为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故选B。
11. Whoever is elected the new leader will shoulder the responsibility of shaping our community into a more united one, as ________ by the voters.
A. being expected B. expected C. had expected D. expect
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：无论谁当选，新领导人都将肩负起将我们的社会塑造成一个更加团结的社会的责任，正如选民所期望的那样。此处表示“正如所期望的”为as expected，为状语从句的省略，省略了it is。故选B。
12. Where there is freedom of the press, there is also obligation to ensure objective reporting for what ________ and what is happening.
A. happens B. had happened C. happened D. is happened
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：哪里有新闻自由，哪里就有义务确保客观报道发生了的和正在发生的事情。分析句子可知，and连接两个what引导的宾语从句，根据句意，下文说明是正在发生的，空处应是表示过去发生了的事情，应用一般过去时。故选C项。
13. It suddenly ________ to me that I need to mark it down, because I tend to forget things, however simple they are.
A. occurred B. occur C. occurs D. is occurring
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我突然想到我需要把它记下来，因为我容易忘记事情，无论多么简单的事情。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人突然想到……。根据从句时态可知，用一般现在时。故选C。
14. He is the most devoted teacher that I ________, because he is forever thinking of how to create a better environment for this students.
A. saw B. had ever seen C. see D. have ever seen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他是我见过的最敬业的老师，因为他永远在思考如何为学生创造一个更好的环境。分析句子可知，设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，结合主句动词时态和句意可知，此处应指“他是我曾见过的最敬业的老师”，“见过”的动作已经完成，并且对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。故选D项。
15. The concert world as a whole is in crisis ,but jazz ,one of the most vulnerable types on live performance ,is especially on the edge.
A. which depends B. which depend C. that depend D. as depends
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：音乐界整体上处于危机之中，而爵士乐作为依赖现场表演的最脆弱类型之一，尤其处于危机边缘。此处types是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由形容词最高级修饰，所以定语从句由关系代词that引导，且先行词types是复数形式，故that是复数意义，谓语动词应用原形。故选C。
16. These thick forests cover abroad span of area, which serves as a perfect ________ for the march, leaving the enemy in the dark about our position.
A. setting B. cover C. residency D. tunnel
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些茂密的森林覆盖了整个地区，为行军提供了完美的掩护，使敌人对我们的位置一无所知。A. setting环境；B. cover掩护；C. residency住处；D. tunnel隧道。根据上文“These thick forests cover abroad span of area”可知，森林为行军提供了完美的掩护，故选B。
17. The newly-furnished library features a(n) ________ study room where students can sit in groups to communicate occasionally.
A open-plan B. labour-saving C. single-roomed D. 24-hour
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新装修的图书馆设有一个开放式的自习室，学生们可以在这里偶尔坐在一起交流。A. open-plan（房屋或建筑）开放式的；B. labour-saving节省劳力的；C. single-roomed单间的；D. 24-hour二十四小时的。根据“where students can sit in groups to communicate occasionally”可知，学生们可以在这里偶尔坐在一起交流，因此这间自习室的布局是开放式的。故选A。
18. Though all his efforts have failed to ________ his demanding parents, his teacher and classmates were amazed by his academic performance.
A. shock B. arouse C. conquer D. wow
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他所有的努力都没能让要求苛刻的父母满意，但他的老师和同学们都对他的学习成绩感到惊讶。A. shock使震惊；B. arouse唤起；C. conquer攻克；D. wow使叫绝，博得（某人的）称赞。根据后文“his teacher and classmates were amazed by his academic performance”可知，此处指他所有的努力都没能让要求苛刻的父母称赞，但他的老师和同学们都对他的学习成绩感到惊讶。故选D。
19. It’s easy to lay ________ for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers whose brain is underdeveloped rather than the shortage of guidance.
A. blame B. discrimination C. complaint D. criticism
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们很容易将冲动行为归咎于大脑尚未完全发育的青少年，而不是缺乏指导。A. blame（对坏事应负的）责任；B. discrimination区别对待；C. complaint抱怨；D. criticism指责。根据空前的“lay”和空后的“for impulsive (冲动的) behaviors on teenagers”可推知，blame“（对坏事应负的）责任”符合题意，lay blame on sb.是固定短语，表示“把……归咎于某人，责怪某人”，句中表示“将冲动行为归咎于青少年”。故选A。
20. On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide what part to adopt and how much to ________ for a better version awaiting for publication.
A. adapt B. surf C. update D. quote
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在收到投稿后，经验丰富的编辑需要有效地决定采用哪一部分，以及修改多少以获得等待出版的更好版本。A. adapt改写，使适应；B. surf上网，冲浪；C. update更新，向……提供最新信息；D. quote引用。根据上文“On receiving a submission, an experienced editor needs to efficiently decide”以及空后“for a better version awaiting for publication”可知，编辑需要决定如何修改收到的投稿让其变得更好以能够出版。故选A。
21. Overtime, the euro and China’s yuan can mature into competitors for dollar as ________ currency.
A. convertible B. intelligent C. primary D. valuable
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，欧元和人民币可能逐渐成熟，成为美元作为可兑换货币的竞争对手。A. convertible可转换的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. primary基础的；D. valuable有价值的。根据上文“the euro and China’s yuan can mature into competitors for dollar”以及常识可知，句子表示欧元和人民币可能逐渐成熟，成为美元作为可兑换货币的竞争对手。故选A。
22. Her excellent speech was ________ by bursts of applause and great cheers from the crowd.
A. impressed B. illustrated C. punctuated D. delivered
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的精彩演讲不时被人群的阵阵掌声和热烈欢呼所打断。A. impressed给……留下深刻印象；B. illustrated说明；C. punctuated不时打断；D. delivered交付，传送。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“打断”，故用punctuate的过去分词，与空前的was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
23. To transfer information from short-term to long-term memory, the ________ requires periods of rest.
A. heart B. spirit C. brain D. head
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆，大脑需要休息时间。A. heart心；B. spirit精神；C. brain大脑；D. head头。根据“To transfer information from short-term to long-term memory,”可知，大脑需要休息，才可以将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆。故选C。
24 Her parents tried to ________ some pressure on her to do well in the college entrance examination so that she can be admitted to a prestige university.
A. bring B. put C. bear D. keep
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的父母试图给她施加一些压力，让她在高考中取得好成绩，这样她就能被一所名牌大学录取。A. bring带来；B. put放置；C. bear忍受；D. keep保持。根据“some pressure on her”可知，此处应用动词put，put pressure on sb.是固定表达，表示“给某人施压”。故选B。
25. Many parents work all day long to provide their children with a good living condition, but their kids might just ________ for the company of their parents.
A. take B. long C. expect D. desire
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多父母整天工作，为他们的孩子提供一个良好的生活条件，但他们的孩子可能只是渴望父母的陪伴。A. take (for)认为；B. long (for)渴望；C. expect期待，及物动词，不需要介词；D. desire渴望，描述对于某个目标、情况或结果的强烈愿望，但通常不需要直接跟介词或名词。根据后文“for the company of their parents”此处指渴望父母陪伴。故选B。
Section B
Vocabulary (20’)
A
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. touched B. extraordinary C. set D. challenged E. involvement F. individuality G. angle H. quote I. reflection J. amazed K. dismissal
Dead Poets Society (死亡诗社) is a 1989 American drama film written by Tom Schulman, directed by Peter Weir and starring Robin Williams. The film evoked an extensive ___26___ on education. ___27___at the conservative Welton Academy in the northeast United States in 1959, and it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry.
In the autumn of 1959, Neil begins his senior year of high school at Welton Academy, an all- male, elite school. On the first day of classes, they are ___28___ by the unorthodox (非正统的) teaching methods of the new English teacher John Keating,a Welton alumnus who encourages his students to “make your lives ___29___”, a sentiment he summarized with the Latin expression carpe diem. Subsequent lessons include having them take turns standing on his desk to teach the boys how they must look at life in a different ___30___ , telling them to tear off the introduction of their poetry books which explains a mathematical formula used for rating poetry, and inviting them to make up their own style of walking in a courtyard to encourage them to maintain ___31___. As the school year progresses, Keating’s lessons and their ___32___ in a secret poetry club encourage them to live their lives on their own terms.
However, Keating’s methods attract the attention of strict headmaster Gale Nolan. He is fired and Nolan takes over teaching the class. Keating interrupts the class to collect personal articles before he leaves, the students shout that all of them were forced to sign the letter that resulted in his ___33___. They stand on their desks one by one and salute Keating with the words “O Captain! My Captain!”. Keating is deeply ___34___.
The Dead Poets Society received critical applause and box office success. The film’s line “Carpe diem. Seize the day.” was also voted as the greatest movie ____35____ of the year 2014 by the American Film Institute.
【答案】26. I 27. C
28. J 29. B
30. G 31. F
32. E 33. K
34. A 35. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部1989年的美国剧情片《死亡诗社》，本片由汤姆·舒尔曼编剧，彼得·威尔执导，罗宾·威廉姆斯主演。这部电影唤起了人们对教育的广泛反思，并且它的台词“只争朝夕”也被美国电影学会评选为2014年最伟大的电影语录。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部电影唤起了人们对教育的广泛反思。分析句子可知，空处应填名词reflection“反思”在句子中作宾语，a reflection on“对……的反思”。故选I。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：故事发生在1959年美国东北部保守的韦尔顿学院，讲述了一位英语老师通过诗歌教学激励学生的故事。分析句子可知，空处应用set“以……为背景”的过去分词形式作状语，与句子主语it构成逻辑上的被动关系。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在上课的第一天，他们对新任英语老师约翰·基廷(John Keating)的非正统教学方法感到惊讶。基廷是韦尔顿大学的校友，他鼓励学生“让你的生活变得非凡”，他用拉丁语“carpe diem”概括了这一观点。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词amazed在句中作表语，be amazed by“对……感到惊讶”。故选J。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在上课的第一天，他们对新任英语老师约翰·基廷(John Keating)的非正统教学方法感到惊讶。基廷是韦尔顿大学的校友，他鼓励学生“让你的生活变得非凡”，他用拉丁语“carpe diem”概括了这一观点。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词extraordinary“非凡的”在make的复合结构中作宾语补足语。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：随后的课程包括让他们轮流站在他的桌子上，教男孩们如何从不同的角度看待生活，让他们撕掉诗集的引言，引言解释了一个用于评定诗歌等级的数学公式，并邀请他们组成自己在庭院中行走的风格，鼓励他们保持个性。分析句子可知，空处应填名词angle“角度”在句中作宾语，in a different angle“从一个不同的角度”。故选G。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处应用名词individuality“个性”，作宾语。故选F。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着学年的进展，基廷的课程和他们参加的一个秘密诗歌俱乐部鼓励他们按照自己的方式生活。分析句子可知，空处应填名词involvement“参与”和lessons并列在句中作主语。故选E。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：基廷在离开前打断课堂去收集个人物品，学生们大喊，他们都被迫在导致他被解雇的信上签名。分析句子可知，空处应填名词dismissal“解雇”在从句中作宾语。故选K。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：基廷深受感动。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词touched“感动的”在句中作表语。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：这部电影的台词“只争朝夕”也被美国电影学会评选为2014年最伟大的电影语录。分析句子可知，空处应填名词quote“引文，语录”在句中作宾语。故选H。
*B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. addressed B. boast C. approach D. sense E. wealthy F. glimpse G. revealed H. pushy I. statistics J. peers K. motivation
College Rankings Are Something, but Not Everything
I am always confused when reading statements like “Princeton University is the number one college in the United States.” Are those who attend Princeton inherently brighter than their ___36___ Is Princeton able to produce more geniuses upon graduation
High-ranking colleges in global education leagues attract greater talent in staff and students, and ___37___ better facilities, therefore generating more profits. In the United States, however, this virtuous cycle can turn vicious when financially-challenged parents end up spending their life savings on their children’s education, while ___38___ individuals can simply buy their way in. Besides, these rankings face criticism for potentially influencing colleges to make minor adjustments in ___39___ to improve their position on the table.
I didn’t care about college rankings for years until I recently saw something different. This past October, Shanghai Ranking Consultancy ___40___ the Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023, which assesses universities worldwide across 55 subjects in five disciplines. It is said to employ a more in-depth ___41___ to evaluate the performance of universities. And this makes it easier for prospective students to choose the best college for their specific subject. But how much weight should you give to these rankings
In my opinion, college rankings can serve as a reference, offering a ___42___ into the reputation and strengths of institutions. However, they should not be the only determining factor for you. There are many aspects to a university education that can only be ___43___ when you are clear about your goals.
I once taught a three-month program to prepare university students for overseas exchange programs in England. But some of them displayed low ___44___. It wasn’t merely due to a language barrier. These individuals seemed to lack communication skills, critical thinking and, more importantly, a ___45___ of purpose, which might help determine their future academic quality. After all, what lies in the heart of education is “U” .
【答案】36. J 37. B
38. E 39. I
40. G 41. C
42. F 43. A
44. K 45. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学排名很重要，但不是全部。
36题详解】
考查名词。句意：普林斯顿的学生天生就比同龄人聪明吗？结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“同龄人”，故用名词peer，同龄人不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作than的宾语。故选J。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：在全球教育联盟中排名靠前的大学吸引了更多的人才和学生，并且拥有更好的设施，因此产生了更多的好处。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“有”，故用动词boast“有（值得自豪的东西）”，与空前的attract并列，作句子谓语。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，在美国，当经济困难的父母最终把毕生积蓄花在孩子的教育上时，这种良性循环可能会变成恶性循环，而富人则可以简单地花钱进入。while表示前后对比，结合上文“financially-challenged parents”可知，该空处意思为“富有的”，故用形容词wealthy，作定语，修饰后面的名词individuals。故选E。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，这些排名还面临着批评，因为它们可能会影响大学在统计数据上做出微小的调整，以提高它们在排行榜上的排名。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“统计数据”，故用名词statistics，作介词in的宾语。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：今年十月，上海排名咨询公司展示了《2023年全球学科排名》，该排名对全球5个学科的55个学科进行了评估。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“揭示，显示，展示”，故用动词reveal，结合时间状语This past October可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，用reveal的过去式。故选G。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：据说，它采用了一种更深入的方法来评估大学的表现。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“方法”，故用名词approach，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作employ的宾语。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：在我看来，大学排名可以作为一个参考，让人们对大学的声誉和实力有一个粗略的了解。结合上下文可知，该空填glimpse，a glimpse into意思为“一瞥，瞥见，看一眼”。故选F。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：只有当你明确了自己的目标时，大学教育的许多方面才能得到解决。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“解决”，故用动词address的过去分词，与空前的can be构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：但他们中的一些人表现出低积极性。结合下文“It wasn’t merely due to a language barrier. These individuals seemed to lack communication skills, critical thinking and, more importantly, a 10 of purpose, which might help determine their future academic quality.”可知，这些人似乎缺乏沟通技巧、批判性思维，更重要的是，缺乏目标感，这可能有助于决定他们未来的学术质量。所以他们中的一些人表现出低积极性，该空处意思为“积极性”，故用名词motivation，作displayed的宾语。故选K。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些人似乎缺乏沟通技巧、批判性思维，更重要的是，缺乏目标感，这可能有助于决定他们未来的学术质量。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“感觉”，故用名词sense，结合空前的冠词a可知，用单数形式。故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Blame My Brain” by Nicola Morgan reviewed by Rosalie Warren
As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things (not my fault — my brain did it!), I was ___46___ by the title of Nicola Morgan’s book and only slightly disappointed to learn that it was ___47___ teenagers. Since I have many days when I feel that I am barely out of my teens (though the mirror, sadly, does not bear this out), I decided that the book might still be relevant to me, and indeed to my relationships with my no-longer-teenage children.
The subtitle is “The amazing teenage brain revealed” and amazing is, I soon ___48___, exactly what the teenage brain is. I learned that one of the things that ___49___ to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life. Not ___50___, all this activity is not without its downside for the person “within”, and it goes along way towards ___51___ why teenagers can be so difficult to live with and to cope with themselves.
There are also brain-based explanations of why teenagers need so much sleep, why they don’t tidy their rooms, why they come ___52___ when the rest of the world is going to sleep and why some of them, at least, are risk-takers. There’s stuff about alcohol and drugs and why such things are not good for the brain, but all of it is written in a very ___53___ and understanding way that I think teenagers will warm to.
Nicola Morgan is not a neurologist or a ___54___ scientist, but she clearly had done a great deal of research and ____55____ experts including Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and Professor Susan Greenfield, among many other eminent names in the field. Morgan has a gift for simplifying and explaining ____56____ subject matter with a light but precise touch, and she is careful to ____57____ between established facts and theories and speculations of her own and other people’s.
There’s plenty of humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity of parents and other well-meaning but misguided adults, which teenagers will ____58____. There are diagrams, tests, photos relating to questions like What emotions can you recognize Do you ____59____ other emotions with anger What kind of thinker are you Which mental tasks do you find comparatively easy or difficult There’s also sound advice for addiction, self-harm, depression and other ____60____ illnesses, and some pointers towards recognizing when you may need to seek help.
The illustrations by Andy Baker are great, too. And oh yes — there’s some interesting discussion on the differences between girls’ brains and boys’, if there are any. You’ll have to read it to find out...
46.
A. attracted B. interested C. invested D. introduced
47.
A. intended to B. aimed at C. targeted by D. appealed to
48.
A. defended B. dismissed C. discovered D. differed
49.
A. happens B. projects C. evolves D. limits
50.
A. surprisingly B. immediately C. unfortunately D. regularly
51.
A. expressing B. explaining C. declaring D. exposing
52.
A. living B. lively C. alive D. alone
53.
A. sympathetic B. pessimistic C. positive D. negative
54.
A. laborious B. humorous C. productive D. professional
55.
A. consulted B. conducted C. converted D. suggested
56.
A. complicated B. simplified C. contrary D. demanding
57.
A. denounce B. distinguish C. determine D. depend
58.
A. appreciate B. hate C. respect D. reflect
59.
A. confuse B. combine C. unite D. associate
60.
A. mind B. physical C. mental D. emotional
【答案】46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. A 59. A 60. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者对Blame My Brain这本书做了介绍和评论，对其中的主要观点进行了摘要，并且对这本书大加赞赏。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个总是把各种各样的事情都归咎于我的大脑的人（这不是我的错——是我的大脑干的！），我被尼古拉·摩根的这本书的标题所吸引，只是在得知它是针对青少年的时候有点失望。A. attracted吸引；B. interested感兴趣；C. invested投资；D. introduced介绍。根据上文“As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things”可知，作者是一个经常因为各种理由责怪自己大脑的人，说明她对大脑方面的研究所吸引，注意be interested in才是正确搭配，不能接by，故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我被尼古拉·摩根的书的书名吸引住了，但得知这本书是针对青少年的，我只是有点失望。A. intended to给……准备；B. aimed at目标是；C. targeted by被……瞄准；D. appealed to吸引。根据上文“only slightly disappointed”可知，作者有点失望，因为这本书不是给成人准备的，而是针对青少年的，注意be intended to do才是正确搭配，后面不接人或物，故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个标题是“令人惊奇的青少年大脑揭示”，令人惊奇的是，我很快就发现，青少年的大脑到底是什么。A. defended防卫；B. dismissed解散；C. discovered发现；D. differed不同。根据下文“I learned that …”可知，作者从书中学到了青少年大脑发育的规律，这便是有所发现，故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到在我们十几岁的时候大脑发生的事情之一就是树突的生长。A. happens发生；B. projects投射；C. evolves进化；D. limits限制。根据横线后的“to”可知，横线上的动词应该和to能形成固定搭配，happen to的意思是“发生在……上”，符合题意，故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不令人吃惊的是，对于“内在”的人来说，所有这些活动都有它的缺点，而且它也解释了为什么青少年会如此难以相处和自我适应。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. immediately立即地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. regularly规律地。根据上文“I learned that one of the things that 4 to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life.”可知，青少年的大脑神经会不断成长出树突，然后有些会脱落，有些会保留下来为成年生活做准备，这便解释了青少年的一些行为特点，这个过程是自然的，是不令人惊讶的，故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫不令人惊讶的是，对于“内在”的人来说，所有这些活动都有它的缺点，而且它也解释了为什么青少年会如此难以生活和自我适应。A. expressing表达；B. explaining解释；C. declaring宣布；D. exposing暴露。根据下文“why”可知，为什么青少年会如此难以相处呢，书中做出了解释，故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于为什么青少年需要如此多的睡眠，为什么他们不整理自己的房间，为什么当世界上的其他人要睡觉的时候，他们变得活跃起来，以及为什么他们中的一些人是冒险的人，也有一些基于大脑的解释。A. living活着的；B. lively生动活泼的；C. alive活跃的；D. alone孤单的。根据下文“when the rest of the world is going to sleep”可知，别人睡觉了，青少年正好相反，他们就活跃起来了，注意lively修饰的物品或场面是活跃的，故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有关于酒精和毒品的东西，为什么这些东西对大脑没有好处，但所有这些都是用一种非常积极和理解的方式写的，我认为青少年会对此感到温暖。A. sympathetic同情的；B. pessimistic消极的；C. positive积极的；D. negative悲观的。根据下文的“understanding”可知，这些内容是用一种善解人意的方式写成的，横线处应该填的是一个褒义词，才能通过and和understanding连接在一起，故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尼古拉·摩根不是神经学家或专业科学家，但她显然做了大量的研究，并咨询了许多专家，包括西蒙·巴隆-科恩教授和苏珊·格林菲尔德教授等。A. laborious费力的；B. humorous幽默的；C. productive高产的；D. professional专业的。根据上文“neurologist”可知，尼古拉并不是一位类似于神经学家这样的专业科学家，professional可以通过or和neurologist连接在一起，故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼古拉·摩根不是神经学家或专业科学家，但她显然做了大量的研究，并咨询了许多专家，包括西蒙·巴隆-科恩教授和苏珊·格林菲尔德教授等。A. consulted咨询；B. conducted开展；C. converted转换；D. suggested建议。根据上文“she clearly had done a great deal of research”可知，她做过很多研究，肯定也得咨询专家，故选A项。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：摩根有一种天赋，能以轻松而精确的方式来简化和解释复杂的主题，她小心翼翼地区分已确立的事实、理论，以及自己和他人的猜测。A. complicated复杂的；B. simplified简化的；C. contrary相反的；D. demanding要求高的。根据上文“simplifying”可知，摩根斯有一种能力可以简化和解释复杂的问题，只有复杂的问题才可以被简化，故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：摩根有一种天赋，能以轻松而精确的方式来简化和解释复杂的主题，她小心翼翼地区分已确立的事实、理论，以及自己和他人的猜测。A. denounce谴责；B. distinguish区分；C. determine决定；D. depend依靠。根据下文“between established facts and theories and speculations”可知，distinguish between A and B是固定搭配，意思是将A和B分辨开，故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对父母和其他善意但被误导的成年人的愚蠢，社会上已经存在着很多幽默的映射和应得的深究，这是青少年们会欣赏的。A. appreciate欣赏；B. hate讨厌；C. respect尊敬；D. reflect反射、反思。根据上文“humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity”可知，父母或其他成年人或许对青少年抱有误解，显得他们很愚蠢，社会上对这些现象有很多映射，青少年看到了自然会觉得开心，故而欣赏，故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会把其它情绪和愤怒混淆吗？A. confuse混淆；B. combine结合；C. unite联合；D. associate联系。根据下文“anger”可知，这些情绪属于负面情绪，需要选择一个负面意思的动词，负面情绪是很容易被混淆的，故选A项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于成瘾、自残、抑郁和其他精神疾病也有很好的建议，还有一些关于何时需要寻求帮助的建议。A. mind思想的；B. physical生理的；C. mental精神的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上文“addiction, self-harm, depression”可知，这些都属于精神层面的问题，故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
In the heart of the war-torn city, where buildings stood like wounded soldiers, Emma waited inline for her weekly ration. The line moved slowly, a somber procession of gaunt (瘦削憔悴的) faces and threadbare coats. When her turn came, the ration officer handed her the allotted food with a detached efficiency. “Two loaves, half a pound of sugar, and a tin of powdered milk,” he recited. The portions seemed to shrink each week, mirroring the dwindling hope in people’s hearts.
Clutching her meager supplies, Emma hurried through the bombed-out streets, dodging craters and debris. The city, once vibrant and bustling, now lay in a hushed surrender to scarcity and fear. At home, her family’s small garden offered a sharp contrast to the desolation around. Here, amidst the rows of struggling vegetables, her father toiled.
“Dad, let me help,” Emma offered, taking the shovel from his weary hands. Together, they dug into the earth, creating a hidden cache for extra food. It was a secret they guarded fiercely, knowing that in times of shortage, even neighbors could turn against each other out of desperation.
As they worked, Emma’s mind wandered to the days before the war, when food was abundant and their garden was a source of joy, not just survival. She remembered her mother’s cooking, the aromas that filled their kitchen, the laughter that accompanied their meals. Now, each bite of their bland rations was a reminder of what had been lost.
In the evenings, the family gathered around a small table, sharing their rationed food. Conversation flowed, weaving tales of better times, igniting sparks of hope. Emma’s younger brother, Tom, would often ask, “When will we have chocolate again ” It was a question loaded with longing, not just for the sweetness of chocolate but for the return of normalcy.
Despite the hardship, they found reasons to smile. Emma’s father would recount stories from his youth, tales of adventure that seemed like fairy tales in their grim surroundings. Her mother would hum old tunes, filling their home with a semblance of warmth and normalcy.
As winter deepened, the rations grew scarcer, and the hidden cache in the garden became their lifeline. Each day, Emma and her father would check the hole, ensuring their precious supplies were safe. The hole, a mere cavity in the ground, symbolized their resilience, a refusal to succumb to despair.
61. How did the amount of weekly rations appear to change each week
A. Significantly increased B. Dramatically decreased
C. Remained the same D. Decreased each week
62. What does the term “hidden cache” in the third paragraph refer to in the article
A. A treasure map B. A buried capsule
C. A secret food storage spot D. A mysterious box
63. How does the family’s gathering around the table for meals illustrate the impact of war on their lives
A. Abundant food showshow the war has unexpectedly brought prosperity to their family.
B. The family’s conversations about a war-free future reflect their enduring hope.
C. Meals at the table are silent and rushed, highlighting their fear and anxiety.
D. The table becomes a place of conflict where family members argue over limited food.
64. Tom’s longing for chocolate is symbolic in the story. What does this longing represent
A. It’s a simple craving for a treat, unrelated to the broader themes of the story.
B. The desire for chocolate symbolizes a yearning for the comforts of life before the war.
C. His wish for chocolate indicates his dislike for the food rationing and nothing more.
D. It is a secret code used by the family to communicate about their hidden food.
【答案】61. D 62. C 63. B 64. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了饱受战争蹂躏的艾玛一家的生存状态以及对未来的憧憬。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The portions seemed to shrink each week......”（食物的份量似乎每周都在减少……）可知，配给每周都在减少。故选D项。
【62题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Together, they dug into the earth”（他们一起挖地）和最后一段“Each day, Emma and her father would check the hole, ensuring their precious supplies were safe.”（每天，艾玛和她的父亲都会检查这个洞，确保他们珍贵的物资是安全的）可知，他们一起挖地，为额外的食物创造了一个隐藏的贮藏处。所以划线词的意思为“一个秘密的储藏室的地点”。故选C项。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“In the evenings, the family gathered around a small table, sharing their rationed food. Conversation flowed, weaving tales of better times, igniting sparks of hope. ”（晚上，一家人围坐在一张小桌子旁，分享配的食物。谈话滔滔不绝，编织着美好时光的故事，点燃了希望的火花。）可知，这家人关于没有战争的未来的谈话反映了他们持久的希望。故选B项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Emma’s younger brother, Tom, would often ask, “When will we have chocolate again ” It was a question loaded with longing, not just for the sweetness of chocolate but for the return of normalcy.”（艾玛的弟弟汤姆经常问:“我们什么时候能再吃巧克力 ”这是一个充满渴望的问题，不仅是为了巧克力的甜蜜，也是为了回归正常）可知，对巧克力的渴望象征着对战前舒适生活的向往。故选B项。
B
________/10 Hardship Judy May, 2020 Early on I thought this family was a bunch of complainers. But the focus of this reality show is how sweet family life was in the tough wartime era, which really touched me. But as I watched I noted that the 1940s mid-class family life was not that unbearable. Even though they didn’t have labor-saving facilities, they still had coal fire. Maybe, it’s only due to modern people’s sense of privilege that they promptly forget what immense, bodily labor was involved in the previous chore it replaced. So, the experiment was not that “real” ! Therefore, I recommend, but not highly, this show to you.
_________/10 Must See TV-Really! Lily June, 2021 For anyone interested in “Reality TV” with an emphasis on “Real”, checkout 1940’s House as soon as you can. The Hymer family from northern England spends 9 weeks living the life of a suburban 1940’s house during the infamous London blitz. Everything they use, wear, purchase, read comes from that time period - including ration books, blackout curtains, Victory gardens, and a self-built bomb shelter. What makes this “House” installment the best in a long line (see “Frontier House”, “Colonial House”, “1900 House”) is the family’s willingness to immerse themselves in the project wholeheartedly. You as the viewer really begin to sympathize with the Hymer family’s struggles to live a 1940’s life with a 21st century mindset. I think most people will come away liking the attitude and spirit of the mother the best - she truly embodies the British spirit that was so essential and prevalent during England’s darkest hour. This is 3 hours of “history” that no one will want to end. Children would also enjoy this as there are 2 young boys (ages 10 and 7) who participate in the program wholeheartedly.
________/10 A bit sinister David February, 2023 Although it’s as well made as the other PBS reality shows, this one was disturbing. Many of the hardships imposed on the Hymers are by design, not circumstance. A committee of seven or eight experts privately judges them in a star chamber and decides how strict rationing will be and how much they will be fined for infractions. Watching the children go hungry while the experts debated how much to cut the food budget bothered me. The Hymers live more like lab rats than adventurers. It’s also hard to get worked up about how much wartime Brits suffered from rationing since it was nothing compared to the hardships undergone by eastern Europeans, Asians and even their own soldiers. The show was simply too narrow in scope and sinister.
65. The ratings of these three users have been hidden. Which of the following three ratings do you think are most likely to be real
A. Judy: 6/10; Lily:3/10; David:1/10 B. Judy: 8/10; Lily:10/10; David:8/10
C. Judy: 6/10; Lily:10/10; David:1/10 D. Judy: 8/10; Lily:1/10; David:8/10
66. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. From Judy’s perspective, the Hymers family has always been a bunch of complainers.
B. The “House” series consist of “Frontier House”,” Colonial House” and “1900 House”.
C. The mother personifies the essential British spirit so most people will like her.
D. The PBS reality shows are quite disturbing, especially “The 1940s House”.
67. The passage can probably be found ________.
A. on a website providing reviews about reality shows
B. on the advertisement of “The 1940s House”
C. on a textbook about how to make excellent movies
D. in a fantasy novel about travelling back to the 1940s
【答案】65. C 66. C 67. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个人对The 1940s House这个真人秀节目的评论。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一栏中“Therefore, I recommend, but not highly, this show to you.(因此，我向你推荐这个节目，但不是高度推荐。)”可知，Judy向你推荐这个节目，但不是高度推荐，第二栏中“What makes this “House” installment the best in a long line (see “Frontier House”, “Colonial House”, “1900 House”) is the family’s willingness to immerse themselves in the project wholeheartedly. (是什么让这个“房子”系列成为众多系列中最好的（参见“Frontier House”、“Colonial House”、“1900 House”）是因为这个家庭愿意全心全意地沉浸在这个项目中。)”和“This is 3 hours of “history” that no one will want to end.(这是没人愿意结束的3个小时的“历史”)”可知，Lily对这个节目评价很高，根据第三栏中“The show was simply too narrow in scope and sinister.(这个节目的范围太窄了，而且太险恶了。)”可知，David对这个节目评价很低，结合选项可知，Judy可能给6分，Lily给10分，而David可能给1分，故选C。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二栏中“I think most people will come away liking the attitude and spirit of the mother the best - she truly embodies the British spirit that was so essential and prevalent during England’s darkest hour.(我想大多数人都会最喜欢这位母亲的态度和精神——她真正体现了在英国最黑暗的时刻如此重要和普遍的英国精神。)”可知，这位母亲体现了英国精神的本质，因此大多数人都会喜欢她。故选C。
67题详解】
推理判断题。根据图片中User Reviews(用户评论)和全文内容可知，本文是三个人对The 1940s House这个真人秀节目的评论，由此可推知，文章可能在提供真人秀评论的网站上找到，故选A。
C
Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. I don’t need to remind you that “millennials” and, increasingly, “Gen Z” are our most important markets. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth.
Social media has just changed the ways people discover brands from viewing television, newspapers and magazines to surfing Instagram and TikTok; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. Online, communication is cheap and prices are readily Googled.
There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only influencer-backed beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical retailers. If we want to succeed, we need to offer the best of both physical and virtual worlds.
Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. It is chiefly youngsters who buy cheap “fast-fashion” outfits to wear once and then send to landfill. Also, youngsters care less for consumer boycotts than its virtue-signaling parents, thus open to various brands. No wonder, most brands originate from youngsters with duel identities of producers and consumers.
What determines the shopping mode of a generation is their mindset. In Gen Z, lies are easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown and hates hypocrisy. We are people just as our young customers are and people will always buy sincerity.
68. What is the article primarily warning readers against in marketing
A. The excessive use of digital advertising and ignoring traditional media.
B. The use of influencers and social media platforms for product promotion.
C. Focusing solely on Gen Z without considering other demographic groups.
D. Relying on outdated perceptions of young consumer behaviors.
69. Why is it challenging to build brand loyalty among younger consumers in the digital age
A. Young consumers are less interested in brand loyalty.
B. Digital natives can check out marketing claims.
C. Young consumers prefer shopping in physical stores.
D. Social media platforms are misguiding in brand establishment.
70. What is suggested about the importance of physical stores in modern retailing
A. Physical stores are becoming obsolete due to the rise of e-commerce.
B. Young consumers only prefer online shopping and home deliveries.
C. A combination of digital and physical retail experiences is most effective.
D. Physical stores should be completely replaced by digital marketing strategies.
71. What’s the attitude of young consumers towards brands
A. They commit to social justice and boycott unethical brands.
B. They consider a brand’s sustainability but are not controlled by it.
C. They are indifferent to a brand’s quality and social influence.
D. They only support brands that are created by their peers.
【答案】68. D 69. B 70. C 71. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为老板们提供了打开年轻人市场的具体建议。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young and youngish consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. (亲爱的老板：你一直在努力吸引年轻的消费者，我们的顾问也总是能想出新的方法来给他们贴上标签)”和“The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a swathe of humanity is more art than science. It is liable to apply stereotypes. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. (问题在于，制定规则来定义一部分人与其说是科学，不如说是艺术。很容易使用刻板印象。幸运的是，你有我，我在这里告诉你，很多关于今天最珍贵的消费者的营销都是无稽之谈)”可知，文章认为在定义年轻消费者时，人们很容易犯贴标签、用刻板印象的错误，很多营销都是无稽之谈。由此推知，文章主要是在警告不要在营销中依赖于对年轻消费者行为的过时看法。故选D项。
【69题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Such is the ease with which digital natives can fact-check our tricky marketing claims that it is getting harder to build brand loyalty. (数字原住民可以如此轻松地核实我们狡猾的营销宣传，以至于建立品牌忠诚度变得越来越困难)”可知，这变得有挑战性是因为数字原住民可以核实营销宣传。故选B项。
【70题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is a similar temptation to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. But what works best is the seamless combination of the digital and physical worlds. (还有一个类似的诱惑，人们会被认为实体店不再重要。年轻消费者喜欢亚马逊的送货服务。但效果最好的是数字世界和现实世界的无缝结合)”可知，实体店在现代零售业中依然重要，文章认为数字和实体零售体验的结合是最有效的。故选C项。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gen Z will consider a brand’s sustainability and social impact, but considering something isn’t surrendering to it. They are never brand-slaved. (Z世代会考虑一个品牌的可持续性和社会影响，但考虑某些东西并不意味着向它投降。他们从不受品牌的束缚)”可知，年轻消费者会考虑品牌的可持续性，但并不受其控制。故选B项。
*Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
More Than a Feeling
Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. ___72___
We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
___73___ Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地).
Consider anger, for example. Backed by the threat of attack, anger creates incentives (动机) for others to comfort the angry individual. Your mental calculations increase the importance you place on your own welfare and goals at the expense of others’. Coaches tap into anger as a motivational tool because the focus on the self encourages athletes to push themselves to achieve their goals. Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. ___74___
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. ___75___ By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits.
A. Emotions play a critical role in shaping our thoughts and decisions, subtly influencing the framework of our reasoning even when we believe we are thinking rationally.
B. He believed that emotions played a constructive role in the lives of non-human animals, while the usefulness of emotions was largely replaced by the evolution of reason in humans.
C. That can produce better judgments in situations where risk aversion (厌恶) is inappropriate, as when you are analyzing stocks (股票) or playing poker.
D. Anger, while often perceived negatively, can sometimes fuel our motivation and reduce our perception of risk, enabling more decisive actions in certain situations.
E. Studies show that those with high levels of emotional intelligence fare better in their personal and professional lives.
F. If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work.
【答案】72. B 73. F 74. C 75. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍达尔文的另一个伟大理论-情感理论，说明情感对人类有很大的影响，会影响人们的决策，有助于人们的理性推理。
【72题详解】
根据上文“Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. (查尔斯·达尔文提出了生物学史上最成功的理论：进化论。他还创立了另一个伟大的理论：情感理论，这一理论在他的研究领域占据了一个多世纪的主导地位。它的核心原则是，思维由两种相互竞争的力量组成：理性和情感。)”可知本段给出了要探讨的话题，就是达尔文的情感理论，因此下文应该进一步阐述达尔文的情感理论的内容，B选项“他认为情感在非人类动物的生活中起着建设性的作用，而情感的有用性在很大程度上被人类理性的进化所取代。”符合题意，并且选项呼应上文的“the rational and the emotional”，故选B。
【73题详解】
根据上文“In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions. (事实上，如果不受情绪的影响，我们就无法做出决定，甚至无法思考。)”以及下文“Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地). (也许关于情感的作用最重要的发现是，即使当你相信你在运用冷静、逻辑的推理时，你并不是。人们通常没有意识到这一点，但他们的思维过程的框架受到他们当时情感的高度影响——有时是微妙的。)”可知上下文都在说我们的思考和推理都是受情感影响的，所以F选项“如果情绪有助于理性推理，它是如何起作用的？”起到了承上启下的作用，符合题意，故选F。
【74题详解】
根据上文“Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. (愤怒还会让你觉得风险更小。)”和选项，C选项“在不适宜规避风险的情况下，比如在分析股票或玩扑克时，这可以让你做出更好的判断。”正是对愤怒可以让你觉得风险更小的举例说明，选项中的“That”指代上文的“Anger”，连接紧密，故选C。
【75题详解】
根据上文“The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. (这种关于情感的新观点可能与达尔文的观点不一致，但它确实支持了达尔文进化论的一个基本结论。人类与非人类动物并不像人们认为的那样不同。我们能从中学到什么？第一步也是最关键的一步是自我意识。)”和下文“By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits. (通过研究我们自己的情绪，我们可以更好地理解别人的情绪，更有效地沟通。一旦我们接触到自己的真实感受，我们就可以采取措施来管理它们。)”可知本段都是讲我们从情感的新观点中学到了什么，也就是情绪的作用和好处，E选项“研究表明，情商高的人在个人生活和职业生涯中表现得更好。”符合题意，故选E。
第II卷
*Section A (2’ x 8=16’)
Phrase Translation
汉译英
76. 能够在20世纪40年代生存 ________________
77. 喜欢冒险并从中幸存 ________________
78. 说了很多却没有抓住要领 ________________
79. 经历了很多生理上的变化 ________________
80. 给观众留下深刻印象 ________________
81. 以农场为背景的实验性课堂 ________________
82. 赢得他人尊重的最佳方式 ________________
83. 朗读莎翁剧作中的一句引语 ________________
【答案】76. be capable of surviving in the 1940s
77. feel like taking and surviving risks
78. talk a lot but miss the point
79. go through many physical changes
80. impresses the audience deeply
81. an experimental class set on a farm
82. the best way to get people to respect you
83. read a quote from a Shakespeare play
【解析】
【76题详解】
“能够”英文表达是be capable of；“生存”英文表达是survive，用动名词surviving作of的宾语；“在20世纪40年代”，英文表达是in the 1940s。故填be capable of surviving in the 1940s。
【77题详解】
“喜欢”英文表达是feel like doing sth.；“冒险并从中幸存”英文表达是take and survive risks，用动名词taking和surviving作feel like的宾语。故填feel like taking and surviving risks。
【78题详解】
“说了很多”英文表达是talk a lot；“却，但是”英文表达是but；“没有抓住要领”英文表达是miss the point。故填talk a lot but miss the point。
【79题详解】
“经历”英文表达是go through；“生理上的变化”英文表达是physical change，结合“很多”可知，用复数形式；“很多”英文表达是many，且后接可数名词复数。故填go through many physical changes。
【80题详解】
“给某人留下深刻印象”英文表达是impress sb. deeply；“观众”英文表达是audience，此处为特指，故audience前加the。故填impresses the audience deeply。
【81题详解】
“实验性课堂”可以理解为“一个实验性课堂”，英文表达是an experimental class；“为（舞台、电视演播室等）设置布景，为（故事等）设置背景”英文表达是set，与an experimental class为被动关系，用过去分词set；“农场”英文表达是farm，所以“以农场为背景的”英文表达是set on a farm，作定语，修饰an experimental class。故填an experimental class set on a farm。
【82题详解】
“最佳方式”英文表达是the best way to do sth.；“赢得他人尊重”英文表达是get people to respect you。故填the best way to get people to respect you。
【83题详解】
“朗读一句引语”英文表达是read a quote；“莎翁剧作中的”可以理解为“来自莎翁的一部剧作”，英文表达是from a Shakespeare play。故填read a quote from a Shakespeare play。
*Section B (3’+3’+4’+4’+5’=19’)
Sentence Translation
Directions: Translate the following phrases into English, using the words given.
84. 他努力尝试想要融入这群有冒险精神的少年中。(fit) (汉译英)
【答案】He tried so hard to fit in with/get involved in the group of teenagers with a sense of adventure.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态等。表示“努力尝试”可用try so hard；句子描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，表示“想要融入……”可用fit in with或get involved in，使用动词不定式作目的状语；表示“这群有冒险精神的少年”可用the group of teenagers with a sense of adventure。整句话翻译为“He tried so hard to fit in with/get involved in the group of teenagers with a sense of adventure.”。故翻译为：He tried so hard to fit in with/get involved in the group of teenagers with a sense of adventure.
85. 如果你定期整理学习资料，会发现好的学习习惯会让你受益匪浅。 (basis) (汉译英)
【答案】If you sort out learning materials on a regular basis, you will find that a good learning habit can benefit you a lot/you can benefit a lot from a good learning habit.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、宾语从句和固定搭配。根据句中的“如果……”可知，这里可翻译为if引导的条件状语从句；从句主语是you，从句谓语“整理”可表示为sort out；从句宾语“学习资料”可表示为learning materials；“定期”可表示为on a regular basis；结合“主将从现”可知从句用一般现在时，即从句翻译为If you sort out learning materials on a regular basis。主句主语是you，时态用一般将来时，再根据“发现”（find）后面的句子可知，这里可翻译为that引导的宾语从句。“好的学习习惯”可表示为a good learning habit；“让你受益匪浅”可表示为...can benefit you a lot或you can benefit a lot from...。故本句可翻译为：If you sort out learning materials on a regular basis, you will find that a good learning habit can benefit you a lot/you can benefit a lot from a good learning habit.
86. 这些所谓“不可教”的学生不应该为前任老师不合适的教学方式背锅。(blame) (汉译英)
【答案】These so-called unteachable students are not to blame for the improper teaching method of their former teacher.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、不定式和时态。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“所谓”为形容词so-called，“不可教”为形容词unteachable，“这些”为these，“学生”为students，应用复数，表示不止一个，“为……背锅”理解为“为……而受责备”，应用固定搭配be to blame for，“不合适的”为形容词improper，“教学方式”为teaching method，此处特指这一种教学方式，应用定冠词the来修饰，“前任老师”翻译为单数名词their former teacher，用介词of表所属，故整句翻译为These so-called unteachable students are not to blame for the improper teaching method of their former teacher.
87. 长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点，这对他的同伴产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英)
【答案】He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still persevered to the end, which had a positive effect on his peers.
He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still kept running till he reached the finishing line, which had a positive effect on his peers.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。主语“他”He，“长跑过半已精疲力竭”be exhausted half way through the long race，“但”but，“仍然坚持到了终点”still persevere to the end或者still keep running till he reached the finishing line，其中till引导的从句使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，根据句意，“长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点”表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生的