2024年上海市高一英语下学期第一次月考模拟卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Would you like to travel through time like the Doctor from Doctor Who Well, according to scientists from the University of British Columbia in Canada and the University of Maryland in the US, it is a mathematical possibility. In a report titled Tardis — a nod to Doctor Who’s police box spacecraft, they describe a way 1 time travel could happen using a machine made of extraordinary materials.
To understand 2 these scientists have proposed, we first need to go back more than 100 years. Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity was published in 1915 and explains how the path of light 3 (affect) by massive objects, such as planets and stars, that have a huge amount of gravity. Einstein believed that these huge objects bend space and time, allowing light to curve around them. Think of it like this: imagine you’re standing in the middle of a trampoline (蹦床) — it will dip downwards. If you put a tennis ball near the edge, it would roll towards you 4 it gets to your feet. You are 5 a planet: the dip in the trampoline is like the curve in space-time; and the tennis ball is light travelling around the planet.
One of the most interesting parts of Einstein’s theory was the idea that time 6 change, depending on how fast a person is travelling. He believed that if someone were travelling at the speed of light in space then time would pass 7 (slowly) for them, compared with someone standing still on Earth. Although this sounds impossible, scientists 8 (experiment) with accurate clocks and found that it is true.
The scientists based their report on Einstein’s theory of bending space-time. They found that if a time machine could travel faster than the speed of light and “bend time into a circle”, using something called exotic matter, then they could theoretically travel back in time. 9 the science is correct, the researchers said that it is unlikely anyone would ever achieve it.
Ben Tippett, one of the researchers, said, “ 10 it is mathematically feasible (可行的), it is not yet possible to build a space-time machine because we need materials — which we call exotic matter — to bend space-time in these impossible ways, but they have yet to be discovered.”
【答案】
1．that 2．what 3．is affected 4．till/until 5．like 6．will 7．more slowly 8．experimented 9．Although/Though/While 10．Although/Though/While
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是根据加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学和美国马里兰大学的科学家们的研究，穿越时空在数学上是可能的。
1．考查定语从句。句意：在一份名为Tardis的报告中，他们描述了一种时间旅行的方式，即使用一种由特殊材料制成的机器，Tardis是向神秘博士的警亭宇宙飞船致敬。空格处引导的是定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词是way，空格处用关系代词that，故填that。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：为了理解这些科学家提出的理论，我们首先需要回到100多年前。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“为了理解这些科学家提出的理论”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
3．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：Albert Einstein的广义相对论发表于1915年，解释了光的路径是如何受到行星和恒星等具有巨大引力的大质量物体的影响的。光的路径是被影响，句子用被动语态，且句子描述客观事实，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语“the path of light”是单数，因此空格处是is affected。故填is affected。
4．考查连词。句意：如果你把一个网球放在边缘附近，它会滚向你，直到它到达你的脚。根据语境可知，句子表示“如果你把一个网球放在边缘附近，它会滚向你，直到它到达你的脚”，空格处意为“直到”，用till/until引导时间状语从句，故填till/until。
5．考查介词。句意：你就像一颗行星：蹦床的凹陷就像时空的曲线；网球是绕着地球运动的光。由“the dip in the trampoline is like the curve in space-time”可知，空格处用like，句子表示“你就像一颗行星”。故填like。
6．考查时态。句意：爱因斯坦理论中最有趣的部分之一是时间会随着人的速度而变化。由“depending on how fast a person is travelling”可知，句子表示“爱因斯坦理论中最有趣的部分之一是时间会随着人的速度而变化”，空格后是动词原形，空格处用助动词，表示“将会”，构成一般将来时，由“is travelling”可知，空格处用will，故填will。
7．考查比较级。句意：他认为，如果有人在太空中以光速旅行，那么与站在地球上不动的人相比，他们的时间会过得更慢。由“compared with someone standing still on Earth”可知，句子表示“如果有人在太空中以光速旅行，那么与站在地球上不动的人相比，他们的时间会过得更慢”，空格处用比较级more slowly。故填more slowly。
8．考查时态。句意：虽然这听起来不可能，但科学家们用精确的时钟做了实验，发现这是真的。由“and found”可知，空格处所在句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填experimented。
9．考查状语从句。句意：虽然科学是正确的，但研究人员说不太可能有人能做到。根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然科学是正确的，但研究人员说不太可能有人能做到”，空格处意为“虽然，尽管”，用although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
10．考查状语从句。句意：研究人员之一Ben Tippett说：“虽然在数学上是可行的，但目前还不可能建造一台时空机器，因为我们需要材料——我们称之为奇异物质——以这些不可能的方式弯曲时空，但它们还没有被发现。”由“it is mathematically feasible”和“it is not yet possible to build a space-time machine”可知，句子表示“虽然在数学上是可行的，但目前还不可能建造一台时空机器”，空格处意为“虽然”，是although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Protecting friendship
A．appreciation B．committed C． marking D．determined E. shifted F. reference
G. coinciding H. thrown I. attempt J. portraying K. line
For the last 50 years, giant pandas from China have captured the hearts of people in the US.
A “Pandaversary Night” party was 11 on Aug 24 at the Chinese embassy (大使馆) in Washington, 12 the 50th anniversary of giant pandas’ arriving in the US capital. And the Smithsonian’s National Zoo expects the panda craze to last for several more years.
“Giant pandas are worthy ambassadors. They have much longer tenures (任期) than each of the Chinese ambassadors here, and they have many more fans than us,” Chinese Ambassador to the United States Qin Gang said at the reception. “Year by year, giant pandas have become an icon of mutual 13 and friendship between the two peoples. In particular, the arrival of Xiao Qi Ji (Little Miracle) two years ago has brought us a happy surprise.”
He was referring to the cub’s birth in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, 14 with the deterioration of China-US bilateral relations to its lowest point in four decades.
The ambassador noted that the number of giant pandas in the wild in China has increased from several hundred 50 years ago to more than 1,800, which meant the species is no longer “endangered”, thanks to unrelenting (持续的) efforts at protection and conservation.
“But sadly, ‘panda-huggers’ are endangered. Now they need protection and conservation,” he said, in 15 to China-US relations, with hawkish (强硬的) US politicians increasingly seeking to “outcompete” China by 16 the country as a challenger or even a threat to the US.
“China’s approach to panda diplomacy has 17 to serve more of a tool to project soft power”, New York Times said in a recent article.
In addition to Xiao Qi Ji, another panda – Kung Fu Panda – was also made in the US. “I still remember a/an 18 from it: Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift, that is why it’s called present!” Qin declared. “At present, we get together to cherish the wonderful gift of the panda. We need more pandas, and we also need more ‘panda-huggers’.”
“I’m absolutely 19 to 50 more years of giant panda care and protection, so I look forward to working with our colleagues in China, as we are 20 about the future for our giant panda program,” said Brandie Smith, director of the National Zoo.
【答案】
11．H 12．C 13．A 14．G 15．F 16．J 17．E 18．K 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了在华盛顿举行的大熊猫50周年派对及对中美双边关系的思考。
11．考查过去分词。句意：8月24日在华盛顿中国大使馆举行了一个熊猫周年派对，标志着大熊猫到达美国首都的50周年。根据前文“A “Pandaversary Night” party was”可知，一个派对被举行，a party was thrown可以表示该意思。故选H项。
12．考查现在分词。句意：8月24日在华盛顿中国大使馆举行了一个熊猫周年派对，标志着大熊猫到达美国首都的50周年。分析句意可知，此处表示“标志着”，逻辑主语party和mark是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选C项。
13．考查名词。句意：年复一年，大熊猫成为两国人们相互欣赏和友谊的象征。根据“mutual”可知，此处需要填名词，根据“and friendship between the two peoples”可知，appreciation“感激，欣赏，理解”符合句意。故选A项。
14．考查现在分词。句意：他提到疫情期间出生的熊猫幼崽，当时正值中美双边关系恶化至40年来的最低点。分析句意可知，疫情期间熊猫幼崽出生时正值中美关系最恶劣的时候，coincide with表示“符合，与……一致”符合句意，此处用现在分词作状语。故选G项。
15．考查名词。句意：当谈到中美关系时，他这样说道“但遗憾的是，“熊猫拥抱者”濒临灭绝。现在他们需要保护和保护”。in reference to 表示“谈及，提到”符合句意。故选F项。
16．考查动名词。句意：美国鹰派的政客把中国视为美国的对手甚至是威胁，一直企图超越中国。portray...as...表示“把……描绘成……”符合句意，此处用动名词作宾语。故选J项。
17．考查动词。句意：中国熊猫外交的方针已经转变，更多地成为一种投射软实力的工具。根据“to serve more of a tool to project soft power”可知，熊猫外交的方针已经发生变化。shift表示“转变，改变”符合句意，此处用过去分词和has构成现在完成时。故选E项。
18．考查名词。句意：我仍然记得里面的一句台词：昨天已成历史，明天还未可知，但今天是份礼物，那就是它为什么被称为现在。根据“a/an”可知，此处需要填单数名词，line作名词，可以表示“台词，对白”符合句意。故选K项。
19．考查固定短语。句意：50多年来，我完全致力大熊猫的护理和保护工作。be committed to sth表示“致力于某事，投身于某事”符合句意。故选B项。
20．考查形容词。句意：我期待能和中国的同事们共同合作，因为我们对大熊猫项目的未来有决心。空处应填形容词作表语，determined表示“下定决心的，坚定的”符合句意。故选D项。
Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
You may already be familiar with recent findings that suggest children as young as six months who read books with their parents several times a week show stronger literacy skills four years later, score higher on intelligence tests, and land better jobs than nonreaders. But recent research argues that reading may be just as important in 21 . When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways. Simply put: 22 power increases brain power.
To 23 why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did: What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and make 24 from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make associations, so does your brain, literally building new pathways between regions in all four lobes (脑叶) and both hemispheres. Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater 25 against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退) .
26 , reading books, especially fiction, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. One 2013 study found that participants who read just the first part or chapter of a story showed a noticeable increase in empathy one week later, while 27 readers showed a decrease. These findings may sound 28 , but they’re not; developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which 29 can lower stress levels—both of which are proved to help you live longer and healthier.
That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and Web articles are without 30 . Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry 31 benefits. New research indicates that a large 32 may lead to a more flexible mind by fueling what scientists call cognitive reserve (认知储备). One way to think about this reserve is as your brain’s ability to adapt to 33 . Just as your blood cells will help to cover a cut on your knee, cognitive reserve helps your brain cells find new mental pathways around areas damaged by stroke, dementia, and other forms of decay. This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains despite showing few signs 34 . It’s their cognitive reserve, researchers suspect, that may allow some seniors to 35 hidden brain damage.
21．A．childhood B．adulthood C．education D．occupation
22．A．Memory B．Fluency C．Literature D．Word
23．A．understand B．believe C．question D．confess
24．A．explorations B．connections C．equivalents D．judgments
25．A．appeal B．struggle C．defense D．warning
26．A．Consequently B．However C．Besides D．Instead
27．A．news B．regular C．mind D．occasional
28．A．inevitable B．unofficial C．undeniable D．insignificant
29．A．in the meantime B．to date C．in turn D．to the full
30．A．advantages B．weaknesses C．threats D．opportunities
31．A．physical B．mental C．economic D．social
32．A．proportion B．brain C．vocabulary D．range
33．A．decrease B．change C．increase D．damage
34．A．as before B．in total C．as usual D．in life
35．A．look down on B．make up for C．get used to D．take out of
【答案】
21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了阅读，尤其是小说的阅读对成年人脑健康的积极作用。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近的研究表明，阅读在成年时期可能同样重要。A. childhood童年；B. adulthood成年期；C. education教育；D. occupation工作。根据下文“When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways.”以及结合本文主旨可知本段主要介绍了关于这个问题的一些最新研究及其结果，可知小说的阅读对成年人脑健康是同等重要。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：词汇力量增加脑力。A. Memory记忆；B. Fluency流利程度；C. Literature文献，文学；D. Word单词。根据下文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry ___11____benefits.”可知此处强调的是词汇素养的力量。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要弄明白知道为什么以及我们每个人都能做些什么来最大限度地利用我们的语言。A. understand理解；B. believe相信；C. question提问；D. confess承认。根据下文“What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t ”可知耶鲁团队是为了弄明白语言以及词汇的力量才进行了这项研究。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与浏览一页标题不同，阅读一本书会迫使你的大脑批判性地思考，并从一个章节到另一个章节，以及与外部世界建立联系。A. explorations探索；B. connections连接；C. equivalents等量；D. judgments判决。根据下文的“from one chapter to another, and to the outside world”可知大脑进行批判性思维让文章的章节和外界建立联系。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这些神经网络可以促进更快的思考，并可能对认知衰退的最坏影响提供更大的防护。A. appeal上诉，吸引；B. struggle斗争；C. defense防御；D. warning警告。根据下文的“against the worst effects of cognitive decay”可知思维敏捷有助于抵御认知衰退。故选C项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，阅读书籍，尤其是小说，已被证明能增加共鸣和情商。A. Consequently因此；B. However然而；C. Besides除了；D. Instead相反。根据前文的“For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage ‘deep reading’”以及上一段最后一句“Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater ____5____ against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退)”可知本段紧接着上一段，通过阅读在情感上的作用来说明阅读的好处，因此两段之间需要用表示递进的“besides”来连接。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2013年的一项研究发现，仅阅读故事第一部分或章节的参与者在一周后表现出明显的同理心增强，而7名新闻读者则表现出下降。A. news新闻；B. regular定时的，常客；C. mind头脑；D. occasional偶尔的。根据第二段的“What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t ”可知和上一段一样，本段依然还是在回答第二段第一句所提出的问题，因此本句还是关于读小说和读报纸杂志之间的区别。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发现可能听起来不太重要。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. unofficial非官方的；C. undeniable不可否认的；D. insignificant微不足道的。根据下文“but they’re not; developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which _9__ can lower stress levels—both of which are proved to help you live longer and healthier.”可知这些发现是非常重要的。故选D项。
29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：发展同理心和情商等社交工具可以带来更多（和更积极的）人际互动，因而这可以降低压力水平，这两者都被证明有助于你长寿和健康。。A. in the meantime同时；B. to date迄今为止；C. in turn依次，相应地，转而；D. to the full完全。该定语从句是对前文的“more (and more positive)human interaction”补充说明，表示“相应地可以降低压力的程度”，故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是说杂志、报纸和网络文章没有好处。A. advantages优点；B. weaknesses弱点；C. threats威胁；D. opportunities机会。根据下文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry _11_ benefits.”可知本段话锋一转，杂志、报纸及网络文章也不是一无是处。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：阅读任何能让你充满思想并让你接触新单词、短语和事实的东西似乎都有精神上的好处。A. physical物理的，身体的；B. mental精神的；C. economic经济的；D. social社会的。根据下文“New research indicates that a large _12__may lead to a more flexible mind by fueling what scientists call cognitive reserve (认知储备).”可知阅读都会对精神健康带来好处。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，一个巨大的词汇量可能会激发科学家所谓的认知储备，从而导致大脑更加灵活。A. proportion比例；B. brain大脑；C. vocabulary词汇；D. range范围。根据前文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry _11_ benefits”可知词汇量越大，你的大脑也越灵活。故选C项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑这种储备的一种方式是你的大脑适应损伤的能力。A. decrease减少；B. change改变；C. increase增加；D. damage损坏。根据下文“Just as your blood cells will help to cover a cut on your knee, cognitive reserve helps your brain cells find new mental pathways around areas damaged by stroke, dementia, and other forms of decay”可知作者把这种认知储备看做是大脑对损伤的适应。故选D项。
34．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这可以解释为什么许多看似健康的老年人在死后，尽管在生活中很少出现老年痴呆症的迹象，但他们的大脑中却隐藏着老年痴呆症晚期的迹象。A. as before依旧，如故；B. in total总共；C. as usual如通常的；D. in life在生活中。根据前文“This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease”可知作者进一步用阿尔茨海默病作为例子来证明本段的观点，一些看上去健康的人死后被发现大脑里有这种病的迹象，但是生前并没有任何表现。故选D项。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员怀疑，这是他们的认知储备，可能会让一些老年人弥补了隐藏的大脑损伤。A. look down on看不起；B. make up for弥补；C. get used to习惯；D. take out of取出。根据前文“This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains despite showing few signs_14_”可知本句是对上一句所描述的现象的解释，即正是这些人大脑里的认知储备弥补了这些隐性的脑损伤。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Many people say that they have seen creatures such as yetis and mermaids. However, the existence of these creatures has never been proven. Despite this, these creatures frequently appear as characters in literature, films and television programmes. Below are some of the most well-known mythical creatures, which you may talk about when telling bedtime stories.
Yetis: There are many stories about sightings of a large, hairy creature that lives in the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas. It is said to resemble a giant ape and walk like a man. Many scientists have visited the Himalayas in search of this giant creature, and though they have never seen a yeti, many people claim to have seen huge footprints in the snow. Due to the cold and dangerous conditions in the mountains, it is impossible for humans to explore there for long, so it is difficult to know what creatures may live there. See also Bigfoot a similar creature from North America.
Phoenixes: The phoenix is a bird that is said to be the size of an eagle and to have colourful feathers. Many stories report that the phoenix lives a long life and that once it grows old it will make a nest and set itself on fire. After the phoenix’s body has been consumed by the flames, it will be born again from the ashes. It is thought to represent the Sun, which sets every evening and rises again each morning. Stories of the phoenix are found in countries throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Mermaids: A mermaid is a creature that lives in the sea. The upper part of a mermaid’s body is human while the lower part is a fish’s tail. Stories of mermaids have been around for thousands of years and exist in many cultures. In British stories, mermaids are often portrayed as evil creatures that give sailors false information leading to their deaths. There are, however, many stories showing mermaids as beautiful creatures that help humans at sea. Some people believe stories of mermaids were made up by sailors who saw sea mammals such as dolphins.
36．Yetis are thought to live only in ________.
A．Asia and the Americas B．high, snowy mountains
C．cold and dangerous areas D．places with no people
37．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “consumed” in paragraph 3
A．used up B．eaten immoderately
C．decorated beautifully D．destroyed completely
38．Mermaids have been portrayed as both ________.
A．evil and kind B．sea and land creatures
C．beautiful and ugly D．dolphins and humans
39．The passage was most probably written for ________.
A．biology teachers B．literature experts
C．young parents D．college students
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．A 39．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经常在文学作品中出现，但未得到过证实的著名的神秘生物。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There are many stories about sightings of a large, hairy creature that lives in the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas.(有许多关于生活在喜马拉雅山脉白雪覆盖的山脉中的大型多毛生物的故事。)”可知，在很多故事中，Yetis生活在白雪覆盖的喜马拉雅山脉中，由此可知，人们认为Yetis生活在高的被雪覆盖的山上。故选B项。
37．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Many stories report that the phoenix lives a long life and that once it grows old it will make a nest and set itself on fire.(许多故事报道说，凤凰的寿命很长，一旦它变老，它就会筑巢并自焚。)”可知，很多故事说凤凰会自焚，结合下文中的“it will be born again from the ashes.(它将从灰烬中重生。)”凤凰会在灰烬中重生，由此可知，划线单词所在的句子表示为“凤凰的身体被烧毁后”，所以该单词的意思是“烧毁”。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“In British stories, mermaids are often portrayed as evil creatures that give sailors false information leading to their deaths. There are, however, many stories showing mermaids as beautiful creatures that help humans at sea.(在英国的故事中，美人鱼经常被描绘成邪恶的生物，给水手提供导致死亡的虚假信息。然而，有许多故事展现的美人鱼是帮助海上人类的美丽生物。)”可知，英国的故事中，美人鱼经常被描述为邪恶的给水手提供虚假信息的生物，也有一些把美人鱼描述为帮助人类的漂亮的生物。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Below are some of the most well-known mythical creatures, which you may talk about when telling bedtime stories.(以下是一些最著名的神秘生物，您在讲睡前故事时可能会谈论它们。)”可知，本文讲述的神话生物经常是在睡前故事中出现，由此可判断，本文只要是写给年轻的父母的。故选C项。
（B）
36 hours in Siena
Siena takes some beating. The Campo, its main square, is considered one of Europe’s finest medieval (中世纪的) squares. Its cathedral (大教堂) is the most beautiful in central Italy. The art alone that can be found in its many churches, galleries and museums could keep you busy exploring for weeks on end.
While never as overrun as Florence, Siena sees plenty of visitors. By October and November, the Sienese are reclaiming their streets, and the burning heat has given to the gentle warmth of the Tuscan autumn.
Food in the restaurants sees the arrival of seasonal specialties such as porcini (牛肝菌) and juicy grapes. Tuscany’s best wine, however, is available year-round.
40．According to the article, a must for food lovers to visit in Siena is ________ .
A．Via di Città B．the Museo dell’Opera
C．Piazza Salimbeni D．the Pinacoteca Nazionale
41．We can learn from the article that Duomo di Siena________.
A．is free to public
B．is the largest cathedral in Italy
C．fell into ruin after the Black Death of 1348
D．has very fine medieval frescoes and sculptures
42．Based on information from the article, visitors can do all of the following things all year round in Siena EXCEPT________.
A．enjoy a cup of cappuccino
B．shop and stroll through the streets
C．taste the area’s delicious porcini and juicy grapes
D．admire the area’s churches, galleries and museums
【答案】40．A 41．C 42．C
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了在意大利的锡耶纳市的36个小时短暂停留时的活动安排。
40．细节理解题。根据DAY 1的3 p.m.第二段“Via di Città is a good place to shop, especially for food. Manganelli 1879 is one of Italy’s many great delicatessens (熟食店). (Via di Città是一个购物的好地方，尤其是食品。Manganelli 1879是意大利最著名的熟食店之一。)”可知，美食爱好者在锡耶纳必去的地方是Via di Città。故选A项。
41．推理判断题。根据DAY 1的10 a.m.的“Admire the exterior (外观) of Duomo di Siena and the remnants (残迹) of its unfinished cathedral. Its construction was interrupted by the Black Death of 1348. Had it been completed, this would have been Italy’s largest cathedral, far larger than that of Florence. (欣赏锡耶纳大教堂的外观和未完成的大教堂的遗迹。1348年的黑死病中断了它的建造。如果建成，它将成为意大利最大的大教堂，比佛罗伦萨大教堂大得多。)”可知，因为1348年时黑死病肆虐而导致锡耶纳大教堂没有完工，最终沦为废墟。故选C项。
42．推理判断题。根据第三段“Food in the restaurants sees the arrival of seasonal specialties such as porcini (牛肝菌) and juicy grapes. Tuscany’s best wine, however, is available year-round. (餐厅的食物见证了牛肝菌和多汁葡萄等时令特色菜的到来。然而，托斯卡纳最好的葡萄酒全年供应。)”可知，牛肝菌和多汁葡萄有时令性，不是一年到头都能品尝到。故选C项。
（C）
A call came into Jimmy Gilles’s bar this past March. A newly married woman who had spent the afternoon at the dive beach bar in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or $150— but her wedding ring was inside it.
Gilles, 42, the boss of the bar, didn’t like the idea that there was a thief at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours looking for the footage from 16 different cameras, watching the woman’s every step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man in a hoodie approached the bench, put something in his pocket in a hurry, and walked off.
Gilles posted the picture on the bar’s Facebook and asked if anybody knew who the guy was. Within hours, 17-year-old Rivers Prather came and said he had taken the wallet and told Gilles he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten for two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money, and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Gilles, unsure whether he should believe Prather, told the teen to meet him at the docks. There Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and lived in the woods for weeks. Gilles looked at Prather—his small stature, his ruddy cheeks—and saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a thief.
But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. Gilles wanted to help him somehow.
Gilles recruited two local divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. A crowd gathered to watch the two divers search in the strong current. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilles grew worried. Each passing minute increased the chances that the police would arrest the young man.
And then a diver came out from the water with the wallet in his hand, and inside was the ring. Cheers erupted from the spectators. When Gilles called the wallet’s owner, she burst into tears. She promptly dropped the felony charges against Prather for stealing the ring.
But it wasn’t over for Gilles. He’d been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again. He also gave the kid a job at his bar. “Most people would give the footage to police, but the boss chose to help me,” Prather told CBS News. “I say thank you to him every day.”
43．Why didn’t Prather take away the ring in the wallet
A．Because he thought the ring was not genuine and worthless.
B．Because he was too anxious about the money to find the ring.
C．Because he knew nobody would be interested in buying the ring.
D．Because he knew he would be charged severely if he took the ring.
44．What can be inferred about Prather according to the passage
A．He has been a thief ever since he left his family.
B．He was still a kid although he looked tall and strong.
C．His family didn’t get along with him and give him nothing to eat.
D．He left his family and was very hungry before he committed the theft.
45．Why did Gilles feel worried when the divers could not find the ring
A．Because he had to pay for it as it was stolen at his bar.
B．Because the police were very likely to arrest Prather.
C．Because it would disappoint the crowd gathering around.
D．Because it was a wedding ring and very important to the woman.
46．Which words can be used to describe Mr. Gilles
A．Careful and creative. B．Reasonable but cruel.
C．Caring and merciful. D．Brave but heartless.
【答案】43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。记叙了Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Prather，但是Rivers Prather拿了钱包里的钱将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Prather也被撤销了指控。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money, and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. (他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿走了钱，把钱包从公共码头扔进了海里。)”可知，Prather没有拿走钱包里的戒指，因为他认为这枚戒指不是真的，没有价值。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据第三段“Within hours, 17-year-old Rivers Prather came and said he had taken the wallet and told Gilles he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten for two days. (几个小时后，17岁的Rivers Prather来了，说他拿走了钱包，并告诉吉尔斯他这么做是因为他两天没吃东西了。)”和第四段“There Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and lived in the woods for weeks.( Prather在那里透露，他和家人相处得不好，在树林里住了好几个星期。)”可知，Prather离开了他的家人，在他盗窃之前非常饿。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据第五段“But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. (但警方已经在调查此案，由于丢失的戒指，Prather可能会面临严厉的指控。)”和第六段“Each passing minute increased the chances that the police would arrest the young man. (时间一分一秒地过去，警察逮捕这个年轻人的可能性就增加了。)”可知，当潜水员找不到戒指时，Gilles非常担心，因为警察很可能会逮捕Prather。故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据第五段“But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. Gilles wanted to help him somehow. (但警方已经在调查此案，由于丢失的戒指，Prather可能会面临严厉的指控。Gilles想以某种方式帮助他。)”可知，Gilles帮助Prather洗清指控，可推断Gilles非常仁慈。根据最后一段“But it wasn’t over for Gilles. He’d been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again. He also gave the kid a job at his bar. (但对Gilles来说，这并没有结束。他一直担心Prather睡在冰冷的树林里。他告诉男孩，在男孩重新站起来之前，他可以和家人住在一起。他还给那孩子在他的酒吧找了份工作。)”可推断，Gilles对Prather非常关怀。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls. 47 The clear water of the canal reflected the dazzling autumn sunshine.
This is a familiar scene in Milan’s Navigli district on the last Sunday of every month. Located in the city’s south-west corner, the Navigli district remains one of the last true connections the Milanese have with water. The Grand Canal (Naviglio Grande) itself dates back to 1177.
Although not widely known, Milan’s centre was once traced with waterways, like those of Venice. 48 London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree. Yet, Milan, one of the wealthiest cities in Europe, has none. The city had to make one for itself. Between the 12th and 17th centuries, a network of canals was developed in order to grow the city’s wealth and influence.
Most of the last traces of this network can be seen in Navigli. The rest fell victim to modernisation during the mid-20th century. As automobiles and trains replaced boats, the Inner Ring was buried under concrete (混凝土). For the most part, the canals are still there, covered over by new roads and buildings.
49 The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo.
Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk. 50
Currently, designs are being drafted for an underground tunnel to allow the water to pass through the city’s centre. It is hoped that the project will be completed by 2026 when Milan is set to co-host the Winter Olympics.
A．It will help the Milanese to live better lives.
B．We have to see the re-opening as a big project for redeveloping the city.
C．Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it.
D．Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers.
E．In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”).
F．Its ongoing popularity long after the Expo has led to an ambitious project to completely re-open Milan’s Inner Ring.
【答案】47．D 48．C 49．E 50．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了米兰的大运河，介绍了其历史和重要性；同时还介绍了达塞纳码头。
47．根据空前“Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls.(就在2020年11月意大利第二次封锁之前，米兰大运河的岸边挤满了人。买便宜货的人穿梭在市场的摊位间。)”可知，上文描述了岸边挤满了人，以及一部分人在挑便宜货。选项D“Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers. (其他人坐在咖啡馆里，一边喝着咖啡，一边凝视着城市里的购物者。)”中的“others”和上文的“Bargain hunters”都是大运河边的人们；而选项D中的“the city’s shoppers”指的正是上文中的“bargain hunters”，所以选项D与上文内容一致。故选D。
48．根据空后“London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree.(除了伦敦有泰晤士河。巴黎有塞纳河。柏林是围绕施普雷河岸建造的。)”可知，这些城市都拥有一条河流与之相伴。选项C“Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it. (想想几乎任何一个主要的内陆城市都有一条大河。)”与下文内容一致，引出下文内容。故选C。
49．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo.(达塞纳船坞位于米兰最后的两条运河——Naviglio Grande和Naviglio Pavese航道的交汇处。这里曾经是意大利最繁忙的港口之一，但自20世纪60年代以来，这个港口基本上没有被使用过。2015年，为了米兰世博会对它进行了全面翻修。)”可知，本段主要介绍了达塞纳码头。选项E“In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”). (近年来，Navigli周围出现了一种新的能量，这种能量来自Darsena(意为“码头”)。)”引出下文主题内容——达塞纳码头，与下文内容一致。故选E。
50．根据上文内容“Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk.(如今，达塞纳码头为欧洲污染最严重的城市之一提供了重要的“肺”。每天，人们沿着河岸散步，或者坐在附近的许多酒吧里喝着外带饮料。老人们教他们的孙子们耐心的钓鱼艺术，而跑步者则沿着木板路绕着圈跑。)”可知，世博后过后的达塞纳码头仍然深受人们的喜爱，为这所城市注入新的气息。选项F“(世博会结束后，达塞纳码头依然广受欢迎，这导致了一个雄心勃勃的项目——完全重新开放米兰内环。)”与上文内容一致。故选F。
Summary Writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices The solution may be just a few steps away.
“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.
“It’s huge,” said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, “if they are all battery-powered, we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium (锂) in the world,” he added. “So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”
Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.
In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.
Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips (芯片) that create electricity from ultrasound (超声波) to power implantable (可植入的) devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.
A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person’s heartbeat or other vital signs.
Research firm ID Tech Ex has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while Winter Green Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.
Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.
It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.
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【答案】 Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced in the passage as a promising way to charge batteries in face of the upsurge of E-devices. Three forms of retrieving electricity mentioned involve body power, sound and radio waves. However, the complexity of obtaining stable energy and consumers’ preference for conventional battery-powered devices are the two obstacles facing EH.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了能量收集技术应运而生，并介绍了常见的三种能量来源媒介，尽管该技术前景巨大，但保持能量稳定的复杂性和消费者对该种产品偏好的不确定性是两个不容忽视的障碍。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat.
②Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power.
③Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.
④A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves.
⑤Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however.
⑥It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced as a promising way to charge batteries.
Three forms of retrieving electricity involve body power, sound and radio waves.
The complexity of obtaining stable energy and consumers’ preference for conventional battery-powered devices are two obstacles.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced in the passage as a promising way to charge batteries in face of the upsurge of E-devices.(运用了被动语态，动词不定式作后置定语等，对前三段内容进行了简明扼要地概括)
[高分句型2]Three forms of retrieving electricity mentioned involve body power, sound and radio waves.(运用了过去分词作后置定语，动名词作宾语等，对第四段——第七段的内容进行了整合概括)
Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．青少年很可能出于好奇心而沉迷于社交媒体。(likely) (汉译英)
【答案】It is likely that out of curiosity, teenagers are addicted to social media.
【详解】考查固定句型。“很可能”可用固定句型表达为it is likely that...，it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句；
“青少年”表达为teenagers；“沉迷于”表达为be addicted to；“社交媒体”表达为social media。“出于好奇”表达为out of curiosity。根据句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is likely that out of curiosity, teenagers are addicted to social media。
53．这个实验旨在探究学生是否有能力专注学习且不被手机干扰。（capable）(汉译英)
【答案】The experiment aims to investigate whether students are capable of focusing on study without being disturbed by phones.
【详解】考查宾语从句。“这个实验”表达为the experiment；“旨在做某事”表达为aim to do sth.；“探究”表达为investigate；“有能力做某事”表达为be capable of doing sth.；“专注学习”表达为focus on study；“且不被手机干扰”可用without+doing表达为without being disturbed by phones。故“学生是否有能力专注学习且不被手机干扰”可用whether引导，表达为whether students are capable of focusing on study without being disturbed by phones， 此处whether引导的句子可作investigate的宾语从句，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时， 故翻译为：The experiment aims to investigate whether students are capable of focusing on study without being disturbed by phones。
54．一些品牌之所以能够在激烈的竞争中存活下来是因为它们愿意迎接挑战。(survive) (汉译英)
【答案】Some brands survive the fierce competition because they are willing to rise to the challenge.
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和原因状语从句。结合原文，分析句子可知，全句讲述客观规律，应使用一般现在时态；“一些品牌之所以能够在激烈的竞争中存活下来”是主句，“一些品牌”是主语，用some brands表示， “在……存活下来”是谓语动词，用survive表示，“激烈的竞争”处理为宾语，用the fierce competition表示；“因为它们愿意迎接挑战”是原因状语从句，用从属连词because引导，“它们”作主语，用代词they表示，“愿意”是谓语，用短语are willing to表示，“迎接挑战”用动词短语rise to the challenge表示，作宾语。综上， 全句译为：Some brands survive the fierce competition because they are willing to rise to the challenge.
55．最令我印象深刻的是，去年双十一购物节，销售额暴涨。(witness) (汉译英)
【答案】What impressed me most was that the Doule 11 Shopping Carnival witnessed a surge in sales last year.
【详解】考查主语从句。“最令我印象深刻”表达为impress me most；“双十一购物节”表达为the Doule 11 Shopping Carnival；“销售额暴涨”表达为a surge in sales；“目睹，见证”表达为witness。“去年双十一购物节，销售额暴涨。”可用物作主语，翻译为：the Doule 11 Shopping Carnival witnessed a surge in sales last year。“最令我印象深刻的是”可用what引导主语从句，翻译为what impresses me most is that...，此处that引导表语从句。根据句意可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故翻译为：What impressed me most was that the Doule 11 Shopping Carnival witnessed a surge in sales last year。
Guided Writing （25分）
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
针对中学生在校期间是否需要统一穿着校服，大家看法不一。说说你是赞成还是反对统一校服，并且说明你的理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 As for whether students should wear the uniform at school, we hold different opinions. In my view, students should wear the uniform at school.
First, wearing uniform not only looks neat, but also standardized and beautiful. Students wearing uniforms will consciously abide by the rules and regulations of the school. In addition, wearing the same school uniform can help students avoid keeping up with the Joneses. As is known to us all, each family has different financial situation. Parents from rich families will buy brand clothes for their children, with the prices ranging from hundreds to thousands to tens of thousands, while students from ordinary or poor family will wear old or low-end clothes. This as a result will creates a sense of imbalance in the students and eventually make them keep up with the Joneses. If all their thoughts are used wrongly on this, it will naturally make them neglect their learning.
Considering all these above, I think it necessary to wear the uniform at school.
【导语】本文是议论文。要求考生对中学生在校期间是否需要统一穿着校服发表自己的观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：As for→as with
穿：wear→be dressed in
在我看来：In my view→in my opinion
此外：In addition→besides/what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In my view, students should wear the uniform at school.
拓展句：In my view, students should wear the uniform when they are at school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As for whether students should wear the uniform at school, we hold different opinions.（由whether引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】If all their thoughts are used wrongly on this, it will naturally make them neglect their learning.（由If引导的条件状语从句）2024年上海市高一英语下学期第一次月考模拟卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Would you like to travel through time like the Doctor from Doctor Who Well, according to scientists from the University of British Columbia in Canada and the University of Maryland in the US, it is a mathematical possibility. In a report titled Tardis — a nod to Doctor Who’s police box spacecraft, they describe a way 1 time travel could happen using a machine made of extraordinary materials.
To understand 2 these scientists have proposed, we first need to go back more than 100 years. Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity was published in 1915 and explains how the path of light 3 (affect) by massive objects, such as planets and stars, that have a huge amount of gravity. Einstein believed that these huge objects bend space and time, allowing light to curve around them. Think of it like this: imagine you’re standing in the middle of a trampoline (蹦床) — it will dip downwards. If you put a tennis ball near the edge, it would roll towards you 4 it gets to your feet. You are 5 a planet: the dip in the trampoline is like the curve in space-time; and the tennis ball is light travelling around the planet.
One of the most interesting parts of Einstein’s theory was the idea that time 6 change, depending on how fast a person is travelling. He believed that if someone were travelling at the speed of light in space then time would pass 7 (slowly) for them, compared with someone standing still on Earth. Although this sounds impossible, scientists 8 (experiment) with accurate clocks and found that it is true.
The scientists based their report on Einstein’s theory of bending space-time. They found that if a time machine could travel faster than the speed of light and “bend time into a circle”, using something called exotic matter, then they could theoretically travel back in time. 9 the science is correct, the researchers said that it is unlikely anyone would ever achieve it.
Ben Tippett, one of the researchers, said, “ 10 it is mathematically feasible (可行的), it is not yet possible to build a space-time machine because we need materials — which we call exotic matter — to bend space-time in these impossible ways, but they have yet to be discovered.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Protecting friendship
A．appreciation B．committed C． marking D．determined E. shifted F. reference
G. coinciding H. thrown I. attempt J. portraying K. line
For the last 50 years, giant pandas from China have captured the hearts of people in the US.
A “Pandaversary Night” party was 11 on Aug 24 at the Chinese embassy (大使馆) in Washington, 12 the 50th anniversary of giant pandas’ arriving in the US capital. And the Smithsonian’s National Zoo expects the panda craze to last for several more years.
“Giant pandas are worthy ambassadors. They have much longer tenures (任期) than each of the Chinese ambassadors here, and they have many more fans than us,” Chinese Ambassador to the United States Qin Gang said at the reception. “Year by year, giant pandas have become an icon of mutual 13 and friendship between the two peoples. In particular, the arrival of Xiao Qi Ji (Little Miracle) two years ago has brought us a happy surprise.”
He was referring to the cub’s birth in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, 14 with the deterioration of China-US bilateral relations to its lowest point in four decades.
The ambassador noted that the number of giant pandas in the wild in China has increased from several hundred 50 years ago to more than 1,800, which meant the species is no longer “endangered”, thanks to unrelenting (持续的) efforts at protection and conservation.
“But sadly, ‘panda-huggers’ are endangered. Now they need protection and conservation,” he said, in 15 to China-US relations, with hawkish (强硬的) US politicians increasingly seeking to “outcompete” China by 16 the country as a challenger or even a threat to the US.
“China’s approach to panda diplomacy has 17 to serve more of a tool to project soft power”, New York Times said in a recent article.
In addition to Xiao Qi Ji, another panda – Kung Fu Panda – was also made in the US. “I still remember a/an 18 from it: Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift, that is why it’s called present!” Qin declared. “At present, we get together to cherish the wonderful gift of the panda. We need more pandas, and we also need more ‘panda-huggers’.”
“I’m absolutely 19 to 50 more years of giant panda care and protection, so I look forward to working with our colleagues in China, as we are 20 about the future for our giant panda program,” said Brandie Smith, director of the National Zoo.
Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
You may already be familiar with recent findings that suggest children as young as six months who read books with their parents several times a week show stronger literacy skills four years later, score higher on intelligence tests, and land better jobs than nonreaders. But recent research argues that reading may be just as important in 21 . When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways. Simply put: 22 power increases brain power.
To 23 why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did: What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and make 24 from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make associations, so does your brain, literally building new pathways between regions in all four lobes (脑叶) and both hemispheres. Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater 25 against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退) .
26 , reading books, especially fiction, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. One 2013 study found that participants who read just the first part or chapter of a story showed a noticeable increase in empathy one week later, while 27 readers showed a decrease. These findings may sound 28 , but they’re not; developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which 29 can lower stress levels—both of which are proved to help you live longer and healthier.
That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and Web articles are without 30 . Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry 31 benefits. New research indicates that a large 32 may lead to a more flexible mind by fueling what scientists call cognitive reserve (认知储备). One way to think about this reserve is as your brain’s ability to adapt to 33 . Just as your blood cells will help to cover a cut on your knee, cognitive reserve helps your brain cells find new mental pathways around areas damaged by stroke, dementia, and other forms of decay. This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains despite showing few signs 34 . It’s their cognitive reserve, researchers suspect, that may allow some seniors to 35 hidden brain damage.
21．A．childhood B．adulthood C．education D．occupation
22．A．Memory B．Fluency C．Literature D．Word
23．A．understand B．believe C．question D．confess
24．A．explorations B．connections C．equivalents D．judgments
25．A．appeal B．struggle C．defense D．warning
26．A．Consequently B．However C．Besides D．Instead
27．A．news B．regular C．mind D．occasional
28．A．inevitable B．unofficial C．undeniable D．insignificant
29．A．in the meantime B．to date C．in turn D．to the full
30．A．advantages B．weaknesses C．threats D．opportunities
31．A．physical B．mental C．economic D．social
32．A．proportion B．brain C．vocabulary D．range
33．A．decrease B．change C．increase D．damage
34．A．as before B．in total C．as usual D．in life
35．A．look down on B．make up for C．get used to D．take out of
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Many people say that they have seen creatures such as yetis and mermaids. However, the existence of these creatures has never been proven. Despite this, these creatures frequently appear as characters in literature, films and television programmes. Below are some of the most well-known mythical creatures, which you may talk about when telling bedtime stories.
Yetis: There are many stories about sightings of a large, hairy creature that lives in the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas. It is said to resemble a giant ape and walk like a man. Many scientists have visited the Himalayas in search of this giant creature, and though they have never seen a yeti, many people claim to have seen huge footprints in the snow. Due to the cold and dangerous conditions in the mountains, it is impossible for humans to explore there for long, so it is difficult to know what creatures may live there. See also Bigfoot a similar creature from North America.
Phoenixes: The phoenix is a bird that is said to be the size of an eagle and to have colourful feathers. Many stories report that the phoenix lives a long life and that once it grows old it will make a nest and set itself on fire. After the phoenix’s body has been consumed by the flames, it will be born again from the ashes. It is thought to represent the Sun, which sets every evening and rises again each morning. Stories of the phoenix are found in countries throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Mermaids: A mermaid is a creature that lives in the sea. The upper part of a mermaid’s body is human while the lower part is a fish’s tail. Stories of mermaids have been around for thousands of years and exist in many cultures. In British stories, mermaids are often portrayed as evil creatures that give sailors false information leading to their deaths. There are, however, many stories showing mermaids as beautiful creatures that help humans at sea. Some people believe stories of mermaids were made up by sailors who saw sea mammals such as dolphins.
36．Yetis are thought to live only in ________.
A．Asia and the Americas B．high, snowy mountains
C．cold and dangerous areas D．places with no people
37．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “consumed” in paragraph 3
A．used up B．eaten immoderately
C．decorated beautifully D．destroyed completely
38．Mermaids have been portrayed as both ________.
A．evil and kind B．sea and land creatures
C．beautiful and ugly D．dolphins and humans
39．The passage was most probably written for ________.
A．biology teachers B．literature experts
C．young parents D．college students
（B）
36 hours in Siena
Siena takes some beating. The Campo, its main square, is considered one of Europe’s finest medieval (中世纪的) squares. Its cathedral (大教堂) is the most beautiful in central Italy. The art alone that can be found in its many churches, galleries and museums could keep you busy exploring for weeks on end.
While never as overrun as Florence, Siena sees plenty of visitors. By October and November, the Sienese are reclaiming their streets, and the burning heat has given to the gentle warmth of the Tuscan autumn.
Food in the restaurants sees the arrival of seasonal specialties such as porcini (牛肝菌) and juicy grapes. Tuscany’s best wine, however, is available year-round.
40．According to the article, a must for food lovers to visit in Siena is ________ .
A．Via di Città B．the Museo dell’Opera
C．Piazza Salimbeni D．the Pinacoteca Nazionale
41．We can learn from the article that Duomo di Siena________.
A．is free to public
B．is the largest cathedral in Italy
C．fell into ruin after the Black Death of 1348
D．has very fine medieval frescoes and sculptures
42．Based on information from the article, visitors can do all of the following things all year round in Siena EXCEPT________.
A．enjoy a cup of cappuccino
B．shop and stroll through the streets
C．taste the area’s delicious porcini and juicy grapes
D．admire the area’s churches, galleries and museums
（C）
A call came into Jimmy Gilles’s bar this past March. A newly married woman who had spent the afternoon at the dive beach bar in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or $150— but her wedding ring was inside it.
Gilles, 42, the boss of the bar, didn’t like the idea that there was a thief at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours looking for the footage from 16 different cameras, watching the woman’s every step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man in a hoodie approached the bench, put something in his pocket in a hurry, and walked off.
Gilles posted the picture on the bar’s Facebook and asked if anybody knew who the guy was. Within hours, 17-year-old Rivers Prather came and said he had taken the wallet and told Gilles he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten for two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money, and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Gilles, unsure whether he should believe Prather, told the teen to meet him at the docks. There Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and lived in the woods for weeks. Gilles looked at Prather—his small stature, his ruddy cheeks—and saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a thief.
But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. Gilles wanted to help him somehow.
Gilles recruited two local divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. A crowd gathered to watch the two divers search in the strong current. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilles grew worried. Each passing minute increased the chances that the police would arrest the young man.
And then a diver came out from the water with the wallet in his hand, and inside was the ring. Cheers erupted from the spectators. When Gilles called the wallet’s owner, she burst into tears. She promptly dropped the felony charges against Prather for stealing the ring.
But it wasn’t over for Gilles. He’d been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again. He also gave the kid a job at his bar. “Most people would give the footage to police, but the boss chose to help me,” Prather told CBS News. “I say thank you to him every day.”
43．Why didn’t Prather take away the ring in the wallet
A．Because he thought the ring was not genuine and worthless.
B．Because he was too anxious about the money to find the ring.
C．Because he knew nobody would be interested in buying the ring.
D．Because he knew he would be charged severely if he took the ring.
44．What can be inferred about Prather according to the passage
A．He has been a thief ever since he left his family.
B．He was still a kid although he looked tall and strong.
C．His family didn’t get along with him and give him nothing to eat.
D．He left his family and was very hungry before he committed the theft.
45．Why did Gilles feel worried when the divers could not find the ring
A．Because he had to pay for it as it was stolen at his bar.
B．Because the police were very likely to arrest Prather.
C．Because it would disappoint the crowd gathering around.
D．Because it was a wedding ring and very important to the woman.
46．Which words can be used to describe Mr. Gilles
A．Careful and creative. B．Reasonable but cruel.
C．Caring and merciful. D．Brave but heartless.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Just before Italy’s second lockdown in November 2020, the banks of Milan’s Grand Canal were busy with people. Bargain hunters picked their way through market stalls. 47 The clear water of the canal reflected the dazzling autumn sunshine.
This is a familiar scene in Milan’s Navigli district on the last Sunday of every month. Located in the city’s south-west corner, the Navigli district remains one of the last true connections the Milanese have with water. The Grand Canal (Naviglio Grande) itself dates back to 1177.
Although not widely known, Milan’s centre was once traced with waterways, like those of Venice. 48 London has the Thames. Paris, the Seine. Berlin was built around the banks of the Spree. Yet, Milan, one of the wealthiest cities in Europe, has none. The city had to make one for itself. Between the 12th and 17th centuries, a network of canals was developed in order to grow the city’s wealth and influence.
Most of the last traces of this network can be seen in Navigli. The rest fell victim to modernisation during the mid-20th century. As automobiles and trains replaced boats, the Inner Ring was buried under concrete (混凝土). For the most part, the canals are still there, covered over by new roads and buildings.
49 The Darsena sits at the meeting point of two of Milan’s last canals, Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese. Once one of Italy’s busiest ports, the harbourside area has lain largely unused since the 1960s. In 2015, it was completely renovated for the Milan Expo.
Today, the Darsena provides a vital lung to one of Europe’s most polluted cities. Every day, people walk along its banks or sit with a takeaway drink from the many bars which are located nearby. Old men teach their grandkids the patient art of fishing, while runners trace loops around the boardwalk. 50
Currently, designs are being drafted for an underground tunnel to allow the water to pass through the city’s centre. It is hoped that the project will be completed by 2026 when Milan is set to co-host the Winter Olympics.
A．It will help the Milanese to live better lives.
B．We have to see the re-opening as a big project for redeveloping the city.
C．Think of almost any major inland city and there’s a big river to go with it.
D．Others sat in cafes, sipping coffee while gazing out at the city’s shoppers.
E．In more recent years, there has been a new energy around Navigli, which flows from the Darsena (meaning “dock”).
F．Its ongoing popularity long after the Expo has led to an ambitious project to completely re-open Milan’s Inner Ring.
Summary Writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices The solution may be just a few steps away.
“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.
“It’s huge,” said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, “if they are all battery-powered, we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium (锂) in the world,” he added. “So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”
Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.
In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.
Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips (芯片) that create electricity from ultrasound (超声波) to power implantable (可植入的) devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.
A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person’s heartbeat or other vital signs.
Research firm ID Tech Ex has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while Winter Green Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.
Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.
It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.
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Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．青少年很可能出于好奇心而沉迷于社交媒体。(likely) (汉译英)
53．这个实验旨在探究学生是否有能力专注学习且不被手机干扰。（capable）(汉译英)
54．一些品牌之所以能够在激烈的竞争中存活下来是因为它们愿意迎接挑战。(survive) (汉译英)55．最令我印象深刻的是，去年双十一购物节，销售额暴涨。(witness) (汉译英)
Guided Writing （25分）
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
针对中学生在校期间是否需要统一穿着校服，大家看法不一。说说你是赞成还是反对统一校服，并且说明你的理由。
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