(共30张PPT)
人教八下英语同步精品课件
人教版八年级下册
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
SectionA
Grammar focus-4c
语法精品课
人教版八下英语同步精品课件
1.掌握下列词汇： raise，midnight, alone
2. 了解短语动词的含义、类型、用法。能使用情态动词could表达建议。
掌握不定式的含义及在句中所作的成分及意义。
3.通过完成课文填空并根据填空内容小组探究的方式，正确归纳不定式的使用规律，学会与他人合作和探究并准确使用不定式完成3a。通过小组问卷调查的方式，正确使用所学句型结构描述他人的志愿经历，感受关爱、帮助他人的重要意义。
4.结合话题，能运用短语动词和不定式讨论志愿者活动。增强学生做志愿者活动和帮助他人的意识。
学习目标
If we are volunteers, we could …
____ ____ the parks
_____ ______ the signs
______ _____ the notices
_____ ______ old people
_____ ______ people
_____ ______ food
clean up
put up
hand out
cheer up
call up
give out
could 语气比can更委婉，可用来表示建议，意为“可以”
Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids lean to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Read the sentences and translate them.
我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d ________ ______ _______ homeless people.
2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他们变得更高兴。
You could ______ hospitals _____ ___ you visit the kids and cheer them up.
3. 她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习读书。
She _________ there once a week ____ ____ kids learn to read.
4. 她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。
She _______ _______ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
5. 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。
Mario believes it can help him ______ ________ his future dream job.
6. 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I’m making some signs ______ ______ ______ around the school.
like to help
ask
to let
volunteers
to help
decided to
to get
to put up
Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
Grammar Focus
What did you find out
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids lean to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school
动词不定式的结构和用法
一、含义：动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。也称为非谓语动词，是为了避免简单句中产生两个谓语。动词不定式的肯定形式是“to do sth.”，否定形式是“not to do sth.”。本单元重点学习不定式作宾语的用法。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
二、动词不定式的用法
1、【作主语】：一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it 代替不定式作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
例：保持健康很重要。
It’s very important to keep healthy.
不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动词短语。
如want to, plan to, agree to, learn to, decide to 等。
例：他告诉我如何去那里。
He told me how to go there.
2、【作宾语】：主语+谓语 + to do
另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。
3、【作宾语补足语】：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ to do
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作常，接不定式作宾语补足语的词有tell, ask, want, teach, allow,promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage 等。
例：爸爸承诺我这个周末带我去游乐场。
Dad promised me to the fun park this weekend.
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，help后的不定式可省略to，也可以带上to。
eg：Lily经常帮助我学习数学。Lily often helps me (to) learn math.
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)
三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。
4、【作目的状语】
动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，
位于句首或句尾。
例：她提高了她的声音，以便听得更好。
She raised her voice to be heard better．
他停下来休息。
He stopped to have a rest.
5、【作结果状语】 动词不定式表示某种结果，
例：他已经足够大可以去上学了。
He is old enough to go to school.
他醒来发现大家都走了
He woke up to find everybody gone.
Grammar Focus
What did you find out
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school
I’d like to do sth.
动词不定式作宾语
decide to do
动词不定式作宾语
ask sb. to do
不定式作宾语补足语
let sb. do
省to的不定式作宾语补足语
help sb. to do
动词不定式作宾语补足语
volunteer…to do
不定式to help作目的状语
help sb. do
省to的动词不定式learn作宾语补足语
learn to do
不定式to read作动词learn的宾语
make…to do
不定式作定语，修饰
名词signs.
小试牛刀
1.I always tell my students_on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
2. –I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you
--I haven’t decided where ____.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
3. – I didn’t hear you come in just now.
-- That’s good. We tried ___ any noise,
A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making
4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates__ dancing with her.
A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice
√
√
√
√
根据提示完成下列句子。
1. I want _________ (become) a policeman one day.
2. He wants the students _____ (eat) well.
3. The teacher made his students _____(come) into the meeting room on time.
4. The boy was free _____ (go) where he liked.
5. Nobody tells him what _____ (do) next.
to become
to eat
come
to go
to do
Grammar Focus
What did you find out
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids lean to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school
短语动词的结构和用法
一、短语动词的含义：短语动词是指英语中有些______和其他词类一起连用,构成一个固定____, 可看成一个整体, 相当于一个单独的______, 这种组合被称为短语动词。
动词
短语
动词
二、短语动词的种类和用法
1.动词+副词
clean up put up hand out cheer up call up give out
起床_______醒来_______ 修理______调大________放弃________
调小_________砍倒_________打开_______穿上______推迟________
关上__________切掉_______ … …
get up
wake up
fix up
turn up
give up
turn down
cut down
turn on
put on
put off
turn off
cut off
①此类短语动词可用作(及物 不及物)动词，如：
I get up very early every morning.
②此类短语动词还可用作(及物 不及物)动词，如：
The boy could give out food at the food bank.
√
√
You could cheer up the kids.
You could cheer the kids up.
You could cheer them up.
观察以上句型可发现：
当此类短语动词用作及物动词时，如果宾语是______词，
可以将其放在短语的_________, 也可以放在动词和副词__________
名
后面
之间
如果宾语是______词，则必须将其放在动词和副词_________.
代
之间
2.动词+介词
此类结构短语有，看…________寻找_________照顾_____________
等待__________听_________ … …
look for
look after
wait for
listen to
look at
此类短语动词可以用作(及物 不及物)动词，________必须接宾语。
√
后面
Look at the blackboard, please ！
3. 动词+副词 +介词
此类短语有，提出____________期待______________用光____________ …
look up with
look forward to
run out of
此类短语动词可以用作(及物 不及物)动词，______接宾语。
√
后面
We need to come up with a plan.
4. 动词+名词 +介词
此类结构短语有，照顾____________发挥作用_______________
参与_____________ … …
play a role in
take part in
take care of
谓语动词可以用作(及物 不及物)动词，后面接宾语。
√
We should take care of our parents.
5.动词+形容词 +介词
此类结构短语有，对… 感兴趣________________
对… 担心_________________ 对… 友好_________________ … …
be worried about
be friendly to
is interested in
此类短语动词可以用作(及物 不及物)动词，后面接宾语。
√
三、give, put, take, up, away构成的短语
give out=hand out“分发”，“散发”
give in 屈服
give back 归还；返回
give away（1）赠送，分发（2）泄露；背叛
give up 放弃
give off 放出
put up 建造;举起;张贴
put off 推迟
put down 镇压;记下
put in 放入;提交
put on 穿上;上演
put out 熄灭
put together 放在一起
take back 拿回；撤消 take down 记下；拿下 take off 起飞；脱下；离开 take up 从事；占据 take care 当心；小心 take place发生；举行
take out 取出；去掉 take away 带走；拿走；取走 take after与……相像
clean up打扫（或清除）干净 cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 give up 放弃 fix up 修理 set up 建立 ，创立 put up 建造;举起;张贴 call up 打电话给（某人）；征召 stay up 熬夜 come up with (1)提出；想出（主意、计划、回答等）(2)赶上
get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离 throw away 扔掉，丢弃 go away 走开；离开 stay away (from) 远离 put away 放好；存好 take away 带走，拿走，取走
run away 逃跑；失控 give away 赠送；丧失；泄露
1、Our school has _____ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.”
A. put up B. put off C. put on
2、It’s not good for you to smoke so much. You’d better _____.
A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up D. give up them
3、My cousin volunteers in the Children’s Home. His job is to____ food and clothes.
A. sell out B. work out C. hand out D. find out
C
A
C
4、—Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when I’m away
—Of course. He won’t _____ your request. He loves animals a lot.
A. put down B. write down C. turn down D. take down
5、John didn’t get the job he wanted. Let’s go and _____.
A. turn him down B. call him back C. cheer him up D. let him down
C
C
小试牛刀
4a
Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to_______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to__________ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
put off
call up
4a
Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.
3. Our class is trying to____________ some ideas to_________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to _________signs around the school and_________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will_________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what_______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do__________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way __________ our free time. For example, we can make plans_________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to anotherplace，like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there
to do
to help
to make
to spend
to visit
to move
定语
宾语(疑问词+不定式作宾语)
目的状语
定语
目的状语
目的状语
4b
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
I’d like to volunteer
__________________________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend
_____________________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help
_____________________________________.
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want
______________________________________.
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) ______________________________________.
to give out food to the homeless people
to paint the house for a few hours tomorrow
to give out food to the homeless people
to look after my little sister
not to do that because I’m too young and it is not safe
Use infinitives to fill in the blanks.
1. He made me ____ (tell) him all the things.
2. Spring is the best season _______(plant) trees.
3. I’m making some notices ______(hand) out around the school.
4. What can you expect _______ (learn) from the news
5. My parents want me _____ (be) a doctor.
6. I’d like ________ (watch) cartoons at home.
to watch
tell
to plant
to hand
to learn
to be
宾语补足语
定语
状语
宾语
宾语补足语
宾语
Homework
Have to do
背诵并默写Grammar Focus中的句子。
课下补充本节课语法知识点。
3. 预习SectionB1a-1e,自默单词，描述1c的图片内容。
Choose to do
背诵或复述4b。
谢谢
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