江苏省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

江苏省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
江苏省连云港市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研考试英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Cruise (邮轮) tourism is becoming popular with some 36 million passengers expected to cruise in 2024. Have a look at new ships provided by cruise lines.
DISNEY TREASURE
The 800-passenger Disney Treasure will mirror its sister ship Disney Wish while focusing more on mystery and adventure atmospheres on the high seas as opposed to a fairy-tale theme. Kids who loved the Frozen-themed dining experience on Disney Wish can move into the world of Encanto at a new themed restaurant, Plaza de Coco, on board Treasure.
ICON OF THE SEAS
Icon of the Seas will travel Caribbean waters as the largest cruise ship in the world, with a maximum onboard capacity of 7,600 guests. Passengers can expect a floating festival of entertainment, including the world’s largest waterpark at sea, featuring six water slides, a pool and much more.
RIVERSIDE MOZART
With a top-class hotel feel, the 1400-passenger Riverside Mozart will launch along the Danube in 2024, visiting such cities as Vienna and Bratislava. It includes an indoor pool and steam rooms, plus four restaurants spread across four decks (甲板).
SEABOURN PURSUIT
Expedition (远征) cruising is more appealing than ever these days. Seabourn Pursuit, half the passenger number of Riverside Mozart, entered service in August 2023. It has a 24-person expedition team to maximize adventures on land and at sea in destinations in the South Pacific and Antarctica, all among the itineraries (行程) for 2024.
1 What is special about Disney Treasure
A. It creates a mysterious mood. B. It is based on a fairy-tale theme.
C. It provides a kids-only restaurant. D. It offers the same meal as Disney Wish.
2. What do Icon of the Seas and Riverside Mozart have in common
A. They have top-class hotels. B. They visit beautiful cities.
C. They offer water activities. D. They have famous restaurants.
3. Which cruise ship holds the smallest capacity of passengers
A. Disney Treasure. B. Icon of the Seas.
C. Riverside Mozart. D. Seabourn Pursuit.
B
Emmanuel Mendoza, a college student, is currently running a study at Texas A&M University, where he’s mixing simulated (模拟的)Martian (火星的) soil and frass(粪便)from fly larvae(幼虫)to find just the right recipe for growing plants on Mars.
The seed of this idea was planted when Mendoza was in middle school, watching Ridley Scott’s 2015 film The Martian, in which Mark Watney becomes stuck on the planet and grows potatoes to survive. “That got me really interested in what nutrients or what soil structure Martian soil has that we could potentially take advantage of, ”Mendoza said.
Now, he’s running an experiment growing English peas in simulated Martian soil. “I definitely considered potatoes like Mark Watney, ”he said. “But the fact was that I couldn’t necessarily get the data I wanted out of them. ”
He wanted to be able to measure plant growth as it occurred throughout his experiment. Since potatoes grow underground, he’d only be able to collect data once they were done growing. In the end, Mendoza chose to grow English peas because they’re self-pollinating(自花传粉), grow fairly quickly and he can see the shoots climb.
Martian soil, though it does contain other essential nutrients, isn’t exactly ideal for plants from Earth. It tends to be rocky and lacks the right organic (有机 的)matter. Here’s where the larvae come in. Mendoza turned to the larvae of black soldier flies, which produce a waste known as frass. “They can break down almost any biomatter and turn it into really useful matter, “Mendoza said. “And then you can use the frass as a nutrient alternative to soil.”
For this experiment, Mendoza mixed different percentages of simulated Martian soil and frass to see what best supported growing English pea plants. Now, he said he’s seeing growth across all his plants—even the ones growing in 100%simulated Martian soil.
4. Why does the author mention the film The Martian
A. To show Mendoza’s enthusiasm for films.
B. To illustrate Mark Watney’s intelligence.
C. To prove Mark Watney’s interest in gardening.
D. To introduce the origin of Mendoza’s experiment.
5. Why did Mendoza grow English peas instead of potatoes
A. He was unwilling to repeat others’ study.
B. English peas grew far faster than potatoes .
C. Potatoes needed stricter living conditions.
D. It was more convenient to collect the data.
6. What is the function of frass
A. It serves as certain essential nutrients.
B. It loosens the soil for plants to grow.
C. It makes the soil become quite rocky.
D. It helps black soldier flies grow stronger.
7. How does Mendoza feel about his experiment results
A. Doubtful. B. Pleased. C. Intolerant. D. Disappointed.
C
A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity (生产效率) and satisfaction in the workplace, but there has been surprisingly little research on the influence of leisure activities.
So Ciara Kelly at Sheffield University and co-workers surveyed 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies shaped their work life. To begin with, the team measured the seriousness of each participant’s hobby, asking them to rate their agreement with statements like ”I regularly train for this activity“, and also assessed how similar the demands of their job and hobby were. Then, each month for seven months, participants recorded how many hours they had devoted to their activity, and completed a scale measuring their belief in their ability to effectively do their job, or their “self-efficacy” (自我效能). They also completed a scale measuring their resilience (适应力) at work.
The researchers found that when participants spent longer than normal doing their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job increased. But this was only the case when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it occasionally. When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually had a detrimental effect, decreasing their self-efficacy.
Why might that be To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources—so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left tired and unable to perform as well at their job. But if their hobby is quite different from their career, it may not interfere (干预) in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills that can boost their confidence at work.
Still, the results suggest that companies may want to encourage employees to develop interests outside of work, as long as those activities differ from their day-to-day tasks.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The methods of assessment.
B. The completion of scales.
C. The causes of self-efficacy.
D. The process of Kelly’s survey.
9. What does the underlined word ”detrimental“ in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Useful. B. Harmful. C. Productive D. Positive.
10. Kelly’s study found that people’s productivity can increase if ________________.
A. their hobbies differ much from their work routine
B. their hobbies have the same demands as their work
C. they assume that they can gain skills from their jobs
D. they believe that they can perform better in their work
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Boss: Allow your staff to relax more
B. Employee: Devote more time to work
C. Boss: Offer your staff more leisure activities
D. Employee: Develop hobbies dissimilar to jobs
D
We’ve all experienced it: You have important information you need to remember, and you’ll do anything it takes to keep it at the forefront of your brain. In this situation, rote memorization(死记硬背)may be your best—or even your only—option.
Rote memorization is when we repeat a piece of information until we remember it. One great example of it is the alphabet(字母表). When we are little, we don’t necessarily understand that our language is composed of the letters A to Z. But we memorize them in a specific order because we are taught to, and then we know the alphabet.
There are situations in which rote memorization can be helpful. “Rote memorization can be a useful learning tool in some situations, but its effectiveness depends on the type of information being learned and how it is applied, ”says Dr. Aldrich Chan, neuropsychologist. He tells us that rote memorization helps us quickly recall basic facts and information such as vocabulary words or math formulas (公式). This can be particularly helpful in situations where immediate access to information is required, such as during exams or for job roles.
The act of memorizing through repetition also has its down sides. Chan notes that “rote memorization often does not promote a deep understanding of the material. Learners may be able to memorize facts or information without truly understanding their meaning or significance. ”On the other hand, he explains that “meaningful learning focuses on understanding the fundamental concepts and principles(原理), encouraging critical thinking, and promoting the integration(整合)of knowledge into broader contexts. Meaningful learning promotes long-term memory and the ability to apply knowledge flexibly. “
However, both rote memorization and meaningful learning have their place. The most important thing to remember is that they are different, and rote memorization cannot stand in as an alternative to actual learning. Memorizing something doesn’t mean you understand it, and it doesn’t mean that you can do anything with it.
12. How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1
A. By creating a scene. B. By giving a definition.
C. By giving an example. D. By making a comparison.
13. Why does the author mention the alphabet in Paragraph 2
A. To instruct us how to learn the alphabet.
B. To explain how rote memorization works.
C. To stress why learning in order is essential.
D. To introduce the disadvantages of repetition.
14. What can we learn about rote memorization from Dr. Aldrich Chan
A. It focuses on the concepts and principles.
B. It keeps knowledge in your brain for long.
C. It helps promote a meaningful understanding.
D. It is a useful learning tool for test preparation.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards rote memorization
A. Critical. B. Unclear C. Objective. D. Favorable.
江苏省徐州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末抽测英语试卷（含解析）
第 一 节(共15小题;每小题2 . 5分, 满分37 . 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The natural world is all around us, but sometimes it requires taking a step back from our daily lives to truly appreciate it. The escapes on this list allow you to gain some perspective and make you immersed in the landscapes.
Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA
As one of the world’s most precious animal reserves, the Four Seasons Safari Lodge invites guests to put down their phones and refresh their mind. Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. Or experience the wonder from the air via hot air balloon.
Wild Horses, GEORGIA
Georgia has no coastline, only barrier islands. Cumberland Island remains a natural reserve along America’s National Seashores. It’s only accessible via boat, but once you’re on the island you can bicycle or walk to see the herds of wild horses, enjoy a day at the beach or wander around the ruins of the Dungeness Mansion.
Jungle Ridgeline, HAWAII
This jungle trail in Oahu goes deep into the lush where sunlight is scarce but adventure is not. Streams, animals and waterfalls surround you on your journey to the top of the crater (火山口). Leave time to jump into one of the pools for a swim, and enjoy the view from the Ka’au volcanic vent in peace.
Maritime Microclimate, NEW ZEALAND
Touring the 144 islands of this subtropical microclimate via sea allows visitors to enjoy themselves in the region’s history and natural beauty. Conservation areas a maritime playground complete with penguins, dolphins and whales and rainforests are a welcome escape from daily lives.
1. In which destination can you get a bird’s-eye view
A. Jungle Ridgeline. B. Maritime Microclimate.
C. Wild Horses D. Big Five Bucket List.
2. What do the four travel destinations have in common
A. Visitors can appreciate animals. B. Visitors can enjoy water sports.
C. They are all along the coastline. D. They are located in the national park.
3. What type of writing is this text
A. A guide to adventurous travel plans.
B. A proposal for wildlife reserve protection.
C. An introduction to immersive scenic spots.
D. A report of popular travel destinations.
B
A former starchitect (明星建筑师) who designed villas for Pakistan’s celebrities now rebuilds villages completely destroyed by natural disasters.
October 2005, a catastrophic earthquake claiming some 79, 000 people in Pakistan reduced the villages to ruins in mud. Yasmeen Lari, a then-65-year-old architect was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad, she started drawing plans for earthquake-resistant homes.
Over the following decades, Lari designed various houses and devices inside. Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime (石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. Bamboo homes on stilts (柱子) allow water to flow through, while cross-bracing (交叉支撑) provides strength and flexibility during earthquakes. Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet.
This sustainable inspiration has fuelled many of Lari’s designs, which now include household innovations. For instance, more than 80, 000 of her well-received limecrete and smokeless cookstoves were built. The device, which won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018, costs about E8 to make and is fuelled with agricultural waste. The stoves stand higher than flood levels, making them safer than smoky, open cooking fires on the ground.
Now at age 83, Lari is still fizzing with ideas about zero-carbon designs, skills building and self-sustaining villages.
4. Which can best describe Yasmeen Lari
A. Insistent and conventional. B. Productive and stubborn.
C. Innovative and committed. D. Economical and academic.
5. What is an advantage of Lari’s shelters
A. They accommodate homeless villagers. B. They are all made of local materials.
C. They follow traditional designs. D. They are resistant to earthquakes.
6. What do we know about the stove Lari designed
A. It costs a lot. B. It generates smoke.
C. It gains popularity. D. It burns animal waste.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. From architect to humanitarian B. The greatest architect ever
C. Rebuilding destroyed villages D. Designing household devices
C
Relatives of starfish, brittle stars (海蛇尾) spend most of their time hiding under rocks in the ocean or digging in the sand. These shy marine creatures have no brain to speak of—just nerve cords running down each of their five wiggly arms, which join to form a nerve ring near their mouth.
“There’s no processing center. Each of the nerve cords can act independently. Instead of a boss, it’s like a committee. That seems to be enough to learn by association,” said lead author Julia Notar. This type of leaning involves associating different stimuli via a process called classical conditioning (条件反射).
Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in a handful of previous studies in starfish. But brittle stars and similarly brainless starfish have not been tested.
To find out if brittle stars have the ability of learning, the researchers put 16 black brittle stars in individual water tanks and used a video camera to record their behavior. Half the brittle stars were trained by dimming the lights for 30 minutes whenever the animals were fed. Every time the lights went out, the researchers would put a bit of shrimp in the tanks, placed just out of reach. The other half got just as much shrimp and also experienced a 30-minute dark period, but never at the same time—the animals were fed under lit conditions.
Whether it was light or dark, the animals spent most of their time hiding behind the filters in their tanks, only coming out at mealtime. But only the trained brittle stars learned to associate darkness with food. They didn’t need to smell or taste the shrimp to react.
Notar said the results are exciting because classical conditioning hasn’t really been shown definitively in this group of animals before. “Knowing that brittle stars can learn means they’re not just robotic scavengers (清道夫) cleaning up the ocean floor,” Notar said. “They’re potentially able to expect and avoid predators (捕食者) or expect food because they’re learning about their environment.”
8. What is paragraph 1 about
A. The living habits of brittle stars. B. The features of a brainless creature.
C. The characteristics of the starfish. D. The definition of classical conditioning.
9. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of experiment design
A. The hiding time in tanks. B. The change of feeding location.
C. The amount of the shrimp. D. Light conditions at mealtime.
10. What does Notar’s research find
A. Brittle stars can be trained to make a connection.
B. Brittle stars can clean up the ocean floor.
C. Brittle stars’ nerve cords can act independently.
D. Brittle stars have a sharp sense of smell.
11. What does the last paragraph indicate
A. Brainless brittle stars can act like robots.
B. Brittle stars might keep away from catchers.
C. Brittle stars are the only ocean floor cleaners.
D. Brittle stars are adaptable to new environment.
D
The song of the Florida grasshopper sparrow is unusual and surprisingly insect-like. But it almost fell silent forever. In 2012, Joel Sartore, the founder of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark received a call from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service: The songbird, an important ecological link in Florida’s dry grassland, was on the edge of extinction. With only a few dozen males showing up in counts, it was among North America’s most endangered bird species.
Sartore flew to Florida to photograph the bird and work with conservationists to raise awareness of the species’ difficult situation. The story appeared in outlets, such as newspapers, magazines and even the Internet, helping boost government funding for a breeding program. Thanks to these steps, there are now as many as 180 adults in the wild and researchers are working hard to bring the species back from the brink of extinction.
Like other examples of species survival, the push to save the sparrow is “a remarkable story of belief and cooperation,” says Sartore. It also shows what it takes to protect an endangered species: research, narratives, partnerships, resources and time. This journey shows the society’s mission to illustrate and protect the wonder of the world. Over the past 136 years, we’ve developed a unique Explorer-led model, combining science, exploration, education, and storytelling to drive impact. We support Explorer in more than 140 countries, including Sartore and others whose work appears in this issue: biologist André Green II, photographer Lynsey Addario and education advocate Ara Kusuma.
Sartore has been creating an “ark” of animal photos for 17 years. Portraits of more than 15, 000 species invite audiences to connect and care. With the society’s support, the images have appeared on landmarks and U. S. postage stamps, prompting on—the—ground conservation efforts such as an initiative of National Geographic Explorer and Photo Ark.
As Sartore says, “The sounds of birds are the sounds of a healthy planet. When we save a bird or another species, we’re actually saving ourselves.”
12. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By clarifying a concept. B. By offering an example.
C. By giving an explanation. D. By quoting a remark.
13. Which has the similar meaning with “outlets” in paragraph 2
A Stores. B. Media. C. Exits. D. Books
14. What contributes to the sparrow’s survival
A. A funding program from the government.
B. An ark of animal photos in the magazine.
C. A unique initiative for species protection.
D. A joint effort from different professionals.
15. What does Sartore want to convey in the last paragraph
A. The urgency of species’ protection.
B. The promotion of cooperative methods.
C. The importance of coexistence.
D. The situation of human survival.
江苏省淮安市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测试英语试卷（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Guernsey International Poetry Competition — Poems on the Move
Your poem could be on show in 2024. Winning entries are displayed in two stages: 21 bus poems will be chosen, and the top 9 of these will take part in a second, larger exhibition, first at Guernsey Airport, then all over the island.
How to enter
·Online by completing the online entry form and payment, at www..
·By email: PotM@ .
·By post: Poems on the Move 2024, Guernsey Literary Festival, PO Box 174, St. Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK,GY1 3LG.
Fees
·Entries are 4 per poem or 3 poems for 10.
·Fees are not refundable.
·Young People’s Poetry: Aged 11-17, entries FREE
Rules
·Entries must be no longer than 14 lines and must be typed and fit on a single A4 page.
·Please do not write your name or age on the same sheet as your poems.
·Enter each poem on a separate page and enclose another separate sheet with your name, address, telephone number, email address, plus the title(s) of your poems.
·Entries must be entirely the work of the entrant and must never have been published, self-published, published on any public website or broadcast, nor winning or placed in any other competition.
·Closing date for receipt of entries: February15, 2024
The prize is open to anyone except those involved in organizing the competition. Winners will be contacted by March 5, 2024. Winning poems will be shown on Guernsey buses, and 9 of these poems will become part of the Poems on the Move exhibition, for no less than six months.
1. What should entrants do
A. Show their poems on the bus. B. Deliver their poems in person.
C. Start entering after February 15, 2024. D. Have the poems typed as requested.
2. What is expected of the entries
A. They should be original.
B. They must be over 14 lines.
C. They should be around two pages long.
D. They must be published works on any site.
3. Who is not entitled to the prize
A. A young man aged 16. B. A poet involved in the competition.
C. A writer organizing the competition. D. A teacher writing a poem.
B
Visitors won’t find many straight rows in the organic garden at Martin Luther King Middle School in Berkeley, California. Sometimes the beds look like hearts, eyes, question marks or a rainbow. And then there’s the lovely drainage ditch (水沟), called the “Middle River,” which laughing, muddy students carved right down the center of their one-acre land.
As he looks around, Kelsey Siegel, the young teacher in charge of the garden, can’t help but smile. “So many of the youth we work with have grown up in front of TV and video games; they haven’t really had this experience of playing in the mud and water,” he notes. The schoolyard farm “fills in something that’s missing in their lives.”
Before they planted their garden five years ago with the help of highly-praised chef Alice Waters, few of the students at this multicultural Northern California school had even tasted vine-ripened (藤熟的) tomatoes, let alone raised them seedlings. Teachers worried that some children weren’t eating enough fresh fruits and vegetables at home, and the school wasn’t much help either: Like many state campuses, King replaced its hot-meal cafeteria years ago with a more cost-effective outdoor “snack-shack (小吃棚).”
For Waters, the founder of Berkeley’s Chez Panisse restaurant, the thought of children having to rely on such reheated junk — right in her own backyard — was too much to stomach. The small, visionary (有远见卓识的) woman is widely regarded as the Julia Child of organic cuisine in America, the person who’s taught millions the joy of cooking simple dishes with locally grown, chemical-free produce. Waters remembers poking (戳) at mystery food in her school cafeteria as a kid. But today, she says, the spread of vending machines and fast food in America’s schools has become downright evil. “What is it, one in three kids is overweight now It’s just horrifying,” she sighs, drinking mineral water at a quiet table downstairs in her hugely popular restaurant, about a mile from the King campus “I don’t know what has to happen before we wake up.”
4. What does paragraph 1 highlight
A. Students’ creativity in farming the schoolyard.
B. Students’ knowledge of building the schoolyard.
C. The strange look of the organic garden.
D. The nice environment of the organic garden.
5. The garden has a(n)______ impact on students.
A. unnoticeable B. predictable C. modest D. far-reaching
6. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Waters preferred fast-food to her school’s mystery food.
B. Waters is indifferent to what is happening to children.
C. Waters has taught people to grow organic plants.
D. Waters is deeply concerned about students’ diet and health.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Field of dreams B. Garden of pleasure
C. Junk-free restaurant D. Cost-effective campus
C
By flying in silence, the owl (猫头鹰) holds a deadly advantage over its prey (猎物), which is thought to have no idea of its hunter’s approach until its final moments.
Researchers have spent more than 80 years trying to solve the mystery of how owls, unique among birds, slice through the air creating just a whisper of audible (听觉的) disturbance. They hope to make use of the findings to reduce the noise generated by aircraft wings, fans and wind turbine blades (涡轮机叶片).
Extensive progress has been made including developing innovations that have reduced noise from a wind turbine by as much as ten decibels (分贝), the difference between passing car and a passing truck, according to the authors of the study, Justin Jaworski and Nigel Peake.
However, in the study, published in the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, they conclude that “the primary barrier to the design of owl-inspired technologies remains the lack of understanding of the essential physics of silent owl flight”. The slight swoosh (嗖) made by an incoming barn owl is below the reach of human hearing until the bird is just under one metre away, laboratory measurements have shown.
In 1934, Robert Rule Graham, a British bird enthusiast and pilot, noted three structural aspects of owl wings that may help to explain their quiet approach: an unusual “comb” structure projecting from the wing’s leading edge, a soft layer of downy feathers that covers most of the wing and a ragged fringe (外围) of feathers that line the trailing wing edge. His theory is widely cited (引用).
Some researchers found that many larger owl species, such as the barn owl, can continuously track their prey in flight by hearing alone, meaning that any aerodynamic noise does not interfere with their tracking ability. When an aeroplane lands, much of the noise comes not from its engines but from the flow of air rushing around it. The ragged, feathered fringes of the owl’s wings may help to reduce the noise.
8. What is the purpose of the researchers’ study on owls
A. To understand the flying techniques of owls.
B. To increase the flying speed of aircraft.
C. To help hunters catch their preys with ease.
D. To put the secret of owls’ quiet flight to use.
9. The underlined part in paragraph 3 is used to ______.
A. compare the noise of cars with that of trucks
B. illustrate the great achievements of the research
C. show the striking difference between trucks and cars
D. explain there is still a long way to go in reducing noise
10. What is the major difficulty in designing owl-inspired technologies
A. Lacking the source of inspiration.
B. Limited sense of hearing of human beings.
C. Failing to understand how owls fly silently.
D. Blindness to the structure of owls’ wings.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Owls don’t move their wings when hunting for their prey.
B. The flying barn owl can follow their prey just by hearing.
C. Much of the plane’s noise comes from its engines when landing.
D. The feathered fringes of the owl’s wings generate the flow of air.
D
Most people have probably run into this problem. When you’re traveling, you want to take a photo to capture a moment, but you’re alone or your friend is a poor photographer. Now with the help of social media platforms, a “travel-along photographer” can take this worry off your list.
A travel-along photographer is like a travel companion who takes photos for you for an hour or two while accompanying you to the destination of your choice. Due to this year’s travel boom and social media, such photographers have grown in popularity.
“With social media platforms, every photographer can advertise for themselves and be seen,” said Shi Xinqi, a 22-year-old part-time photographer from Xiamen, Fujian province. In the past month, Shi has photographed over 30 clients. Rui Changchang, 27, agrees. Social media platforms help him be seen and find what he has been looking for over the years.
Rui used to be a fashion photographer for celebrities, but he didn’t feel the fundamental joy that he thought photography should create. From the lighting and clothing to the professional models, everything was from an assembly line. Now, he’s a full-time photographer who spends most of his time at Universal Studios in Beijing. “It’s very fascinating to help complete strangers become comfortable in front of the camera and capture a joyful moment for them.” Rui believes that capturing connections between people is what makes photos so touching.
But this is not a one-way service. When photographers capture these moments for their customers, they also learn something about themselves. “Most of my customers are women. I often describe them as the ‘beauty and power of women’,” said Shi, relating one experience with a customer in her 30s. Shi asked her if she had any regrets in her life—to which she replied that she had none. “That woman was so confident and determined. She helped relieve my anxiety about aging.” said Shi.
However, this booming industry also has a dark side. For travel-along photographers, there are no industry standards or measures to ensure the rights of all parties. Even though the photographers are from the same city, their pricing is dramatically different.
12. What does a travel-along photographer mainly do
A. Run social media platforms. B. Take worries off a traveler’s list.
C. Take pictures of a traveler along the way. D. Accompany a traveler to the destination.
13. How is paragraph 4 developed
A. By drawing conclusions. B. By giving a definition.
C. By listing examples. D. By making a contrast.
14. What does paragraph 5 intend to tell us
A. The services offered by the photographers. B. The benefits enjoyed by the photographers.
C. The moments captured by camera. D. The communication promoted by customers
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the industry
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Negative.
江苏省泰州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节 (共12小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
My grandma passed away last week. My mum began the painful yet necessary task of sorting through her belongings.
“Is there anything you want from grandma’s flat ” Mum texted me.
“Her aloe (芦荟), please.” I required zero thinking time.
Sometime around 1975, Grandma, always believing good things would happen in the future, received this plant as a gift, which she appreciated and placed in her doorway. It came from the local butcher. Five years later, my mum married the butcher’s son and had me. Grandma revealed to me this particular plant was a living relationship between the two families. And so was I.
Recently, whenever we visited Grandma’s flat, I attempted to fix this concept in my children’s minds. “That was a gift your great-grandma bought your other great-grandma! It’s older than me!” Then my kids would nod and ask Grandma for a sweet.
Numerous times, Grandma gave me cuttings or clippings of the plant, hoping I might raise my own and continue the legend. Yet, every time, my new branch died with my awful gardening skills. But that didn’t used to matter, because I could turn to Grandma, who would wait and accept my disturbance without becoming upset. Then I got another clipping and tried again. But now I can’t. So, I decided that the plant will go and live with Ann, my mother-in-law, who is a genius with a greenhouse.
The plan is for Ann to keep hold of the original plant. In time, she can teach me how to deal with its cuttings properly, and then maybe one day I can settle the plant in my place.
In the meantime, Ann will allocate (分配) clippings among my relatives, as Grandma used to do. My wife’s two sisters, for example, are both better at tending plants than I am, so it is quite imaginable they, too, will offer cuttings of the plant to their partners, spreading this loving plant across my entire extended family.
1. Why did the author want his grandma’s aloe
A. He wanted to pass it down to others. B. He showed a preference for gardening.
C. He had a pleasant memory of the plant. D. He received it as a gift from his grandma.
2. Which of the following best describes the author’s grandma
A. Optimistic and patient. B. Generous and helpful. C. Honest and fashionable. D. Humorous and skillful.
3. The author took the aloe to his mother-in-law to
A. display his skills in gardening B. have the plant better cared for
C. announce his grandma’s death D. protect the plant from dying out
4. What may be the best title for the text
A. Aloe: my family bond B. Aloe: a mysterious plant
C. Grandma: my life coach D. Grandma: a lovely gardener
B
Around 40 million tonnes of electronic waste, known as e-waste, is produced every year. This includes electrical or electronic equipment that has been discarded. But where does it all go In the US alone, 100 million mobile phones, 41 million computers and over 20 million televisions are thrown into landfills in a year. Even for standard waste this is a big headache, because any materials that are buried in the ground can’t be easily recovered and recycled. Recycling electronics can save energy and means that less of Earth’s natural resources need to be mined.
Failing to recycle e-waste is extremely damaging the environment due to the nature of the materials used in modern devices. While heavy metals and chemicals improve a device’s safety and user experience, these components become poisonous if they’re not dealt with properly. Your old phones, Gameboys, kettles, microwaves and more can end up in landfills, leaking their harmful contents into the soil, water and air. Not only does this kill wildlife and destroy ecosystems, but the accumulation of poison can impact human health too. As heavy metals and chemicals flow into lakes and rivers, drinking water becomes polluted. These poisons spread through the soil, impacting the health of crops and animals that people also rely on.
In some western countries, e-waste isn’t hidden out of sight in landfills but is burnt in giant, open junkyards. They even ship waste electronics to other countries to deal with, and this often ends up in dumps across Africa and Asia. Workers in these places are exposed to polluted lands and chemical gas.
It is urgent that we should reduce the damaging and unsustainable side of e-waste production. Rare earth metals, some plastics and chemicals can be fed into the next generation of electronics. The steps to proper recycling of e-waste are extensive and need large investment, but more and more countries around the world are turning to e-waste recycling.
5. What does the underlined word “discarded” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Repaired. B. Protected. C. Used. D. Abandoned.
6. What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A. E-waste has a permanent effect on the environment.
B. E-waste may do harm to both ecosystems and humans.
C. Heavy metals and chemicals are poisonous to the users.
D. Burying e-waste into landfills is an effective way to recycle.
7. As for some western countries’ actions, the author is ________.
A. supportive B. objective C. concerned D. uncertain
8. What might the author continue to talk about
A. Solutions to destroying e-waste. B. Ways to recycle e-waste properly.
C Applications of recycled materials. D. Investments in restoring ecosystems.
C
Stress in teenagers can be reduced by a 30-minute online intervention (干预) aimed at encouraging a growth mindset and seeing the body’s reaction to stress as a positive. It interprets physical responses such as a racing heart as potentially performance-enhancing.
Mental problems among teenagers are on the rise in the United Kingdom, with rates of probable mental health disorders increasing from one in nine (12%) in 2021 to one in five (20%) in 2023, and there are long waits for access to services in some regions.
A study involving more than 4,000 secondary school pupils and university students suggests the new approach could be a low-cost, effective treatment for adolescent stress. “We’re trying to change teenagers’ beliefs about and their responses to stressful situations,” said Dr David Yeager, first author of the study. “Actually when you’re doing something hard and your body starts to feel stressed, that could be a good thing.”
Yeager and colleagues conducted a series of controlled trials. In one trial, half of 166students were given the intervention while the rest were not. All the students were then surprised with a request to give a speech about their personal strengths and weaknesses in front of peer evaluators who had been trained to create an unsupportive atmosphere by sighing and frowning. Those who had been given the intervention had lower stress responses, based on heart rate and other physical measures.
In another experiment, the intervention was shown to influence academic achievement nine months later, with students 14% more likely to pass classes at the end of the academic year. In the final experiment, teenagers who had received the online intervention reported lower levels of general anxiety several months later.
Yeager said the new approach went against the “common principle of self-care” that often appears to view stress as uniquely negative and suggests people “go do yoga or have a camomile tea (甘菊茶) ’. “That’s a way to take your attention away but it doesn’t help you deal with the fundamental cause of stress, he said.
9. Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 2
A. To provide historical information about the study.
B. To present the advantages of the online intervention.
C. To explain the necessity of providing the public services.
D To stress the severity of mental problems in UK teenagers.
10. What is teenagers’ misunderstanding of stress
A. It is something negative. B. It is something positive.
C. Many people are struggling with it. D. It contributes to their growth.
11. From the controlled experiments, we know the intervention might
A. lead to academic improvement and lower anxiety
B. do good to teenagers’ physical and mental health
C. help students evaluate their strengths and weaknesses
D. prove efficient in ridding teenagers of stress immediately
12. What does Yeager think about the new approach
A. It casts new light on the cause of stress. B. It changes people’s perspective on stress.
C It respects people’s opinions about self-care. D. It relieves teenagers’ stress more effectively.
江苏省无锡市2023-2024学年高二上学期期终教学质量调研测试英语试卷（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
For even the most city citizens, a quick escape into nature is always a welcome breath of fresh air. Try looking for an urban garden nearby — they often hide themselves just around the corner. Click here to know more of the coolest gardens in cities around the world.
Sky Garden
As London’s highest public garden, this social space offers splendid 360-degree views of the city. With a restaurant, observation decks and beautiful plant life, there is something for everyone in this city-center escape from urban life.
The BeltLine
In a massive, 22-mile loop (环线) around the city, the BeltLine connects many Atlanta neighborhoods with parks, trails, restaurants and art shows. Although it is still under construction, the sections that are open to the public act as alternative space to enjoy the outdoors.
Jardins de Rubió i Lluch
This walled, shady garden is in the courtyard of the historic Hospital de la Santa Creu. Decorated with lilac and mandarin trees — and string lights in the evenings — this small garden square is the perfect place to sip a coffee away from Barcelona’s crowded atmosphere.
Dumbarton Oaks
The garden at this historic estate in Georgetown was listed as one of the 10 best gardens in the world by National Geographic in 2014. It has both a formal, carefully manicured (修剪整齐的) garden as well as a naturalistic garden — allowing visitors the ability to choose what they want to see.
1. Where is the passage taken from
A. A magazine. B. A website. C. A newspaper. D. A book.
2. Which garden best suits people who enjoy overlooking the city
A. Sky Garden. B. The BeltLine.
C. Jardins de Rubió i Lluch. D. Dumbarton Oaks.
3. What do the four gardens have in common
A. They are all mixtures of entertainment and art.
B. They are all mixtures of urban and rural gardens.
C. They are all good places for people to get close to nature.
D. They are all quiet places for people to enjoy a relaxed dinner.
B
In 1969, I was five years old in Lynchburg, Virginia, a skinny black kid of somewhat poor village. At that time, what my villagers were watching was “one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind — Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were walking on the Moon.” I always joined them with great interest.
My father was a farmer who worked from dawn until dark, struggling to feed my family. But he always took pains to do all the things to make money for his children to experience different adventures and encourage us to run after our own dreams. After Neil Armstrong’s moon landing, all the kids in the neighborhood thought I would be an astronaut one day. But I didn’t see an astronaut like me, because family background did matter.
I went on with this dream through a high school, and even a college. After graduation, I went to work for NASA. A friend of mine handed me an application and believed that I would be a great astronaut. Although I was lucky enough to be chosen, I didn’t know what it meant to be a real astronaut. In 2007, I was in Space Shuttle “Atlantis,” careening off the planet, traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, and eight and a half minutes later, the main engines cut off, and we were floating in space.
My job on this mission was to install(安装) a laboratory for materials and human research, which the European team have been waiting for 10 year. I grabbed out the big module, using the robotic arm and attaching it to the space station. So, this moment happened. It was done and I had a big sigh of relief.
In the space station, I could communicate with different people from all around the world. We had these people living and working together. Whether Russian or French, all these different people coexisted in harmony as one family. And so, when I looked up to space, I thought we all had to hold onto something until we finally came to the fantastic space.
4. Why did the author think it impossible to be an astronaut at first
A. He was a farmer. B. His family was poor.
C. He was too young. D. His father was too tired.
5. What does the underlined phrase “careening off’ probably mean in paragraph 3
A. Thinking back to. B. Looking out of.
C. Taking pictures of. D. Flying away from.
6. What can the author’s job be described as according to paragraph 4
A. Demanding and challenging. B. Rewarding and boring.
C. Satisfying and motivating. D. Promising and amazing.
7. What message does the author want to express
A. Everyone is likely to become an astronaut.
B. Parents are the best examples of their children.
C. Different people can coexist in harmony as one family.
D. Everyone should hold onto his dream, whether rich or poor.
C
A virtual reality headset has restored (修复) sight to people who are legally blind. While it didn’t cure the physical cause of their blindness, the device let people with severe macular degeneration (黄斑退化) go on with activities like reading and gardening — tasks they previously found impossible.
Macular degeneration is a common, age-related condition. It affects many people worldwide. It leaves people with a blind spot in the centre of their vision and causes legal blindness. The new system, called Iris Vision, uses VR headset to make the most of peripheral vision (周边视觉). It records the person’s surroundings and displays them in real time, and the user can widen the image as many times as they need for their peripheral vision to become clear. Doing so also helps to effectively reduce or remove their blind spot.
In a trial,30 people used the system for two weeks, filling out questionnaires on their ability to complete daily activities before and after the period. “They can do things that for years were not even a consideration,” says David Rhew at Samsung Electronics America. According to Rhew, the vision of participants was all but restored with the headset. “The baseline rate of vision in the individuals came in at 20/400, which is legally blind, and with the use of this technology it improved to 20/30, which is pretty close to 20/20 vision,” he says. Tom Peterson has serious macular degeneration. When he first started using the device, “It was an emotional experience. I sensed that I could see again and tears started coming,” he says.
The results were presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (眼科学) annual meeting. The headset is now being used in 80 ophthalmology centres around the US, and the next step is to adapt the software to work for other vision disorders. Some have commented that it is heavy for long periods of use. “Many people with macular degeneration regularly use eight to ten different tools, such as telescopes and magnifying glasses, to help them with daily life, but Iris Vision can replace them all,” says Perski.
8 What may lead to legal blindness
A Too much reading. B. A blind spot.
C. Increasing ages. D. Macular degeneration.
9. Why is Tom Peterson mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To explain the process of the trial.
B. To show the problems with the trial.
C. To prove the effectiveness of Iris Vision.
D. To promote the new product of Iris Vision.
10. What attitude does Perski hold towards Iris Vision
A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Supportive. D. Critical.
11. What’s the best title of the text
A. A VR headset —new ways to cure blindness
B. A VR headset —good news for blind people
C. Macular degeneration —a deadly eye disease
D Macular degeneration — an important body organ
D
Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some “warm-blooded” animals are shapeshifting (变形) and getting larger legs, ears, and beak s to better control their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review.
“It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to these changes, and this is occurring over a far shorter time than would have occurred through most of evolutionary time,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and while some species will adapt, others will not.”
Ryding notes that climate change is a complex phenomenon that’s been occurring gradually, so it’s difficult to determine just one cause of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a variety of species, so there is little in common apart from climate change.
Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in size since 1871, and this is positively associated with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian (哺乳动物) species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice. “The increases in appendage (附肢) size we see so far are quite small — less than 10% — so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, prominent (突起的) appendages such as ears are predicted to increase.”
Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds by 3D scanning museum bird samples from the past 100 years. Undoubtedly, it will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing appendage size due to climate change and why.
12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To introduce a bird researcher. B. To present a shapeshifting phenomenon.
C. To explain the cause of climate change. D. To state the terrible influence of climate change.
13. What can be inferred about animals’ shapeshifting from paragraphs 2 and 3
A. It is slower than their evolution. B. It’s impossible to determine its cause.
C. It is a global phenomenon beyond species. D. Climate change is its potential cause.
14. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The examples of shapeshifting. B. The effects of shapeshifting.
C. The explanations of shapeshifting. D. The history of shapeshifting.
15. Which of the following will Ryding’s next study focus on
A. The speed of shapeshifting. B. The cause of climate change.
C. The samples of Australian birds. D. The understanding of bird history.
参考答案
江苏省连云港市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研考试英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个邮轮旅游的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The 800-passenger Disney Treasure will mirror its sister ship Disney Wish while focusing more on mystery and adventure atmospheres on the high seas as opposed to a fairy-tale theme.(可搭载800名乘客的“迪士尼宝藏”号将模仿其姊妹船“迪士尼希望”号，并将更多地关注公海上的神秘和冒险氛围，而不是童话主题)”可知，迪士尼宝藏的特别之处在于创造了一种神秘的气氛。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Passengers can expect a floating festival of entertainment, including the world’s largest waterpark at sea, featuring six water slides, a pool and much more.(乘客们可以期待一个漂浮的娱乐节日，包括世界上最大的海上水上乐园，有六个水上滑梯，一个游泳池等等)”以及倒数第二段“It includes an indoor pool and steam rooms, plus four restaurants spread across four decks (甲板).(它包括一个室内游泳池和蒸汽浴室，以及分布在四个甲板上的四个餐厅)”可知，Icon of the Seas和Riverside Mozart的共同之处在于都提供水上活动。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The 800-passenger Disney Treasure will mirror its sister ship Disney Wish while focusing more on mystery and adventure atmospheres on the high seas as opposed to a fairy-tale theme.(可搭载800名乘客的“迪士尼宝藏”号将模仿其姊妹船“迪士尼希望”号，并将更多地关注公海上的神秘和冒险氛围，而不是童话主题)”；第三段“Icon of the Seas will travel Caribbean waters as the largest cruise ship in the world, with a maximum onboard capacity of 7,600 guests.(海洋标志号将作为世界上最大的游轮在加勒比海水域航行，船上最多可容纳7600名客人)”；第四段“With a top-class hotel feel, the 1400-passenger Riverside Mozart will launch along the Danube in 2024, visiting such cities as Vienna and Bratislava.(拥有顶级酒店感觉的“河畔莫扎特号”将于2024年沿多瑙河起航，届时将有1400名乘客前往维也纳和布拉迪斯拉发等城市)”以及最后一段“It has a 24-person expedition team to maximize adventures on land and at sea in destinations in the South Pacific and Antarctica, all among the itineraries (行程) for 2024. (它有一个24人的探险队，最大限度地在南太平洋和南极洲的目的地进行陆地和海上探险，这些都在2024年的行程中)”可知，Seabourn Pursuit载客量最小。故选D。
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了大学生Emmanuel Mendoza在德克萨斯农工大学进行的关于在火星上种植植物的实验。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知“The seed of this idea was planted when Mendoza was in middle school, watching Ridley Scott’s 2015 film The Martian, in which Mark Watney becomes stuck on the planet and grows potatoes to survive. “That got me really interested in what nutrients or what soil structure Martian soil has that we could potentially take advantage of, ”Mendoza said. (这个想法的种子是在Mendoza上中学时种下的，当时他正在观看雷德利·斯科特（Ridley Scott）2015 年的电影《火星救援》，其中马克·沃特尼（Mark Watney）被困在地球上并种植土豆以求生存。“这让我对火星土壤有哪些养分或土壤结构非常感兴趣，我们可以利用这些养分或土壤结构，”Mendoza说。)”可知，提到电影《火星救援》是为了介绍Mendoza实验的起源，即他在中学时期观看电影激发了他对火星土壤的兴趣。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He wanted to be able to measure plant growth as it occurred throughout his experiment. Since potatoes grow underground, he’d only be able to collect data once they were done growing. In the end, Mendoza chose to grow English peas because they’re self-pollinating(自花传粉), grow fairly quickly and he can see the shoots climb. (他希望能够在整个实验过程中测量植物的生长情况。由于马铃薯生长在地下，他只有在马铃薯种植完成后才能收集数据。最后，Mendoza选择种植英国豌豆，因为它们是自花授粉的，生长得相当快，他可以看到枝条攀升。)”可知，Mendoza选择种植英式豌豆而不是土豆是因为他希望能够在实验过程中不断测量植物的生长情况，而土豆生长在地下，只能在它们生长完成后才能收集数据，而英式豌豆具有自花传粉的特性，生长相对较快，他可以看到豌豆的嫩芽生长。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Mendoza turned to the larvae of black soldier flies, which produce a waste known as frass. “They can break down almost any biomatter and turn it into really useful matter, “Mendoza said. “And then you can use the frass as a nutrient alternative to soil.” (Mendoza转向黑水虻的幼虫，它们会产生一种称为frass的废物。“他们几乎可以分解任何生物物质，并将其转化为真正有用的物质，”Mendoza说。然后你可以用碎屑作为土壤的营养替代品。)”可知，frass是黑蚁虻幼虫产生的废物，它可以将几乎任何生物质分解并转化为非常有用的物质。因此，frass可以作为土壤的营养替代物。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, he said he’s seeing growth across all his plants—even the ones growing in 100%simulated Martian soil. (现在，他说他看到了他所有植物的生长，甚至是那些在100%模拟火星土壤中生长的植物。)”可知，Mendoza对自己的实验结果感到高兴，因为他的所有植物都在生长，甚至包括在100%模拟火星土壤中生长的植物。故选B项。
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了业余爱好对工作生活的影响，并提出相关建议。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“So Ciara Kelly at Sheffield University and co-workers surveyed 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies shaped their work life. To begin with, the team measured the seriousness of each participant’s hobby, asking them to rate their agreement with statements like ”I regularly train for this activity“, and also assessed how similar the demands of their job and hobby were. Then, each month for seven months, participants recorded how many hours they had devoted to their activity, and completed a scale measuring their belief in their ability to effectively do their job, or their “self-efficacy” (自我效能). They also completed a scale measuring their resilience (适应力) at work. (因此，谢菲尔德大学的席亚拉·凯利（Ciara Kelly）及其同事对129名业余爱好者进行了调查，以了解花在爱好上的时间如何影响他们的工作生活。首先，该团队衡量了每个参与者爱好的严重性，要求他们对“我经常为这项活动进行训练”等陈述的同意程度进行评分，并评估了他们的工作和爱好需求的相似程度。然后，在七个月的每个月，参与者记录他们在活动上投入了多少小时，并完成一个量表，衡量他们对自己有效完成工作的能力的信念，或者他们的“自我效能”。他们还完成了衡量他们在工作中的适应力的量表)”可知，第二段主要讲述了Kelly的调查过程，故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually had a detrimental effect, decreasing their self-efficacy. (当他们的爱好既严肃又与他们的工作相似时，花更多的时间实际上会产生detrimental影响，降低他们的自我效能感)”可知，当爱好既严肃又与工作相似时，会降低自我效能感，即会有消极有害的影响，推测划线单词detrimental意为“不利的，有害的”，故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The researchers found that when participants spent longer than normal doing their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job increased. But this was only the case when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it occasionally. (研究人员发现，当参与者花比平时更长的时间进行休闲活动时，他们对自己完成工作能力的信念就会增加。但只有当他们有一个与工作不同的严肃爱好时，或者当他们的爱好与他们的工作相似但他们只是偶尔这样做时，才会出现这种情况)”可知，人们的爱好和日常工作有很大不同时，他们的生产力可以提高。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Still, the results suggest that companies may want to encourage employees to develop interests outside of work, as long as those activities differ from their day-to-day tasks. (尽管如此，研究结果表明，公司可能希望鼓励员工在工作之外发展兴趣，只要这些活动与他们的日常任务不同)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了业余爱好对工作生活的影响，并提出相关建议：员工要培养与工作不同的爱好，所以“员工：培养与工作不同的爱好”适合作为文章标题，故选D项。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了死记硬背的特点、优缺点以及其与有意义学习的关系。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“We’ve all experienced it: You have important information you need to remember, and you’ll do anything it takes to keep it at the forefront of your brain. (我们都经历过：你有重要的信息需要记住，你会做任何事情来让它保持在你大脑的最前沿。)”可知，作者是通过创设情景的方式在第一段中介绍文章主题，故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“One great example of it is the alphabet(字母表). When we are little, we don’t necessarily understand that our language is composed of the letters A to Z. But we memorize them in a specific order because we are taught to, and then we know the alphabet. (一个很好的例子是字母表。当我们小的时候，我们不一定明白我们的语言是由字母A到Z组成的。但是我们按照特定的顺序记住它们，因为我们被教导，然后我们知道字母表。)”可知，作者在第二段中提到字母表示为了解释死记硬背的工作原理，故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中““Rote memorization can be a useful learning tool in some situations, but its effectiveness depends on the type of information being learned and how it is applied,”says Dr. Aldrich Chan, neuropsychologist. He tells us that rote memorization helps us quickly recall basic facts and information such as vocabulary words or math formulas (公式). This can be particularly helpful in situations where immediate access to information is required, such as during exams or for job roles. (“在某些情况下，死记硬背可能是一种有用的学习工具，但其有效性取决于所学习的信息类型及其应用方式，”神经心理学家Aldrich Chan博士说。他告诉我们，死记硬背可以帮助我们快速回忆基本事实和信息，例如词汇或数学公式。这在需要立即访问信息的情况下特别有用，例如在考试期间或工作角色中。)”可知，从Dr. Aldrich Chan中我们得知了死记硬背是备考的有用学习工具，故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“However, both rote memorization and meaningful learning have their place. The most important thing to remember is that they are different, and rote memorization cannot stand in as an alternative to actual learning. (然而，死记硬背和有意义的学习都有其一席之地。要记住的最重要的事情是它们是不同的，死记硬背不能替代实际学习。)”可知，作者对于死记硬背的态度是客观的，故选C项。
江苏省徐州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末抽测英语试卷（含解析）
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个让人可以沉浸式地欣赏自然的旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA中“Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. Or experience the wonder from the air via hot air balloon. (通过阳台景观，游客可以近距离观看动物，如非洲五霸：狮子、豹子、水牛、大象和犀牛。或者乘坐热气球从空中体验这一奇观。)”可知，在这一目地你可以鸟瞰景观。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Five Bucket List, TANZANIA中“Through balcony views, visitors see up close to animals, like the Big Five lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhinoceros. (通过阳台景观，游客可以近距离观看动物，如非洲五霸：狮子、豹子、水牛、大象和犀牛。)”、Wild Horses, GEORGIA中“It’s only accessible via boat, but once you’re on the island you can bicycle or walk to see the herds of wild horses, enjoy a day at the beach or wander around the ruins of the Dungeness Mansion. (它只能乘船到达，但一旦你到了岛上，你可以骑自行车或步行去看野马群，在海滩上享受一天的时光，或者在邓杰内斯公馆的废墟周围闲逛。)”、Jungle Ridgeline, HAWAII中“Streams, animals and waterfalls surround you on your journey to the top of the crater (火山口). (在你到达火山口顶部的旅程中，溪流、动物和瀑布环绕着你。)”和Maritime Microclimate, NEW ZEALAND中“Conservation areas, a maritime playground complete with penguins, dolphins and whales and rainforests are a welcome escape from daily lives. (保护区、有企鹅、海豚和鲸鱼的海上游乐场以及热带雨林是人们逃离日常生活的好去处。)”可知，在这四个目的地游客都可以欣赏动物。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The natural world is all around us, but sometimes it requires taking a step back from our daily lives to truly appreciate it. The escapes on this list allow you to gain some perspective and make you immersed in the landscapes. (大自然就在我们身边，但有时需要从日常生活中退后一步才能真正欣赏它。这张清单上的度假地可以让你换个角度看问题，让你沉浸在风景中。)”可知，文章是在介绍四个让人可以从日常生活中抽离，沉浸式地欣赏自然的旅游景点。因此，文章属于介绍沉浸式景点的文本。故选C项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述建筑师亚丝明·拉里（Yasmeen Lari）研究零碳设计、技能建设和自给自足的村庄，并且对世界的可持续发展做出了很大的贡献。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Over the following decades, Lari designed various houses and devices inside. Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime(石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. Bamboo homes on stilts (柱子) allow water to flow through, while cross-bracing(交叉支撑) provides strength and flexibility during earthquakes. Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. (在接下来的几十年里，拉里设计了各种各样的房子和里面的设备。拉里的避难所受到传统设计的启发，采用竹子、泥土和石灰等可持续材料制成，这些材料首先来自当地，可以更好地抵御灾害。高跷上的竹屋可以让水流通过，而交叉支撑在地震期间提供了强度和灵活性。拉里对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。)”可知，拉里在几十年里面一直坚持对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的建筑要求，所以她是一个有创新性又有坚定力做事的人。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials such as bamboo, mud and lime(石灰) that are sourced locally first, can better withstand disasters. (拉里的避难所受到传统设计的启发，采用竹子、泥土和石灰等可持续材料制成，这些材料首先来自当地，可以更好地抵御灾害。)”可知，拉里的避难所可以更好地抵御灾害。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“For instance, more than 80, 000 of her well-received limecrete and smokeless cookstoves were built. (例如，她建造了8万多个广受欢迎的石灰混凝土和无烟炉灶。)”可知，拉里建造的无烟炉灶很受欢迎。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A former starchitect(明星建筑师) who designed villas for Pakistan’s celebrities now rebuilds villages completely destroyed by natural disasters. (一位为巴基斯坦名人设计别墅的前明星建筑师现在重建了被自然灾害完全摧毁的村庄。)”，第三段“Lari’s insistence on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. (拉里对低