根据2022——2023年高考卷分析高考英语长难句（练习）
一、长难句特征——“三长两短一并列”
主干 三长 两短 一平行
主谓SV 介词短语 非谓语 短语 从句 形容词 副词 并列结构
主谓宾SVO
主谓宾宾SVOO
主谓宾补SVOC
主系表SLP
Compulsory (括号原则) 不做标记 △ 下划线
二、“三步法”拆句，迎刃而解长难句
分析句式时,用一括{用小括号、中括号、箭头等符号标记句子的各修饰成分(如三长)}；二(画出主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾补、there be 句型等)；三会意(理解句意)。结合三步法拆句清句子各部分间的关系。
① 去繁存简抓主干
无论句子多长,结构多么复杂,句子都是由一些基本成分组成的。因此突破长难句的关键在于先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分。
② 借助连词/引导词划意群
运用语法知识,借助连词/引导词的提示,将长句分解成若干意群,以降低理解难度
③ 调整语序明句意
理解句意时,应注意英、汉两种语言的差异,合理调整语序。
三、攻克三个“拦路虎”
① 非简单句
并列句：句子+并列连词(and, but, or, while, so, not only ...but also ..., either... or ...等) 十句子
主从复合句：三大从句为——定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。
② 非谓语动词(短语)
非谓语动词(短语)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语，主要形式为：to do，doing，done。
③ 非正常语序
非正常语序的句子主要指倒装句和强调句。
四、句子的分析练习（*非课标词汇）
1. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. (2023年北京卷阅读表达)
【词汇拓展】
in the course of 在...的过程中
pursue (v.) 追求 → (n.) pursuit
associate (v.) 联系 → (n.) association → 把...和...联系在一起 associate A with B
* cue (n.) n. 暗示，提示
behavioural (adj.) 行为的，行为上的 → (n.) behavior → (v.) behave
【句子分析】
本句为主从复合句。
主干：A person is thought to develop a habit。
其修饰成分为：
① in the course of pursuing goals
② by beginning to associate certain cues with behavioural responses
③ that help meet the goal
翻译：人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，会将某些特定的刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而养成一种习惯。
【知识拓展】特殊考点
be believed / known / thought / said / reported / considered to +
动作未完成的动作： 主动do
被动be done
已完成的动作： 主动have done
被动have been done
【拓展练习】
① Nearly half a million people are believed to have left (leave) their homes as a result of the disaster. 接近五十万人被认为因为灾难的缘故背井离乡。
② China is known to have changed (change) greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.在过去的数年间，据了解中国在文化价值方面发生了巨大的变化。
③ Napoleon is famously said to have declared (declare), “When China wakes, it will shake the world.”据说拿破仑做出过著名的论断：“当中国觉醒时，会震撼整个世界。”（拿破仑已经做出过这样的论断了）
④ All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent (send) to the children in the countryside the other day.据报道，学生们提供的所有书籍都已经在那天被送到乡村的孩子那里了。（书籍已经被送过去了）
⑤ She was believed to have (have) the gift of prophecy.（据信她有预言的天赋。）
2. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）
【词汇拓展】
key (adj.) 关键的
crowd (n.) 人群 / (v.) 聚集 → (adj.) crowded
far → further → furthest 指的是程度更深
→ farther → farthest 指的是范围更大，距离更远
be divided into 被拆分成...
accurate (adj.) 准确的，精确的 → (adv.) accurately
independent (adj.) 独立的 → 反义词 dependent → (n.) (in)dependence → (v.) depend → 依赖于 depend on
individual (n.) 个人，个体 / (adj.) 单独的，独特的
【句子分析】
本句含有多个从句。主句：The key finding of the study was ...。
① that引导的表语从句，that在句子中不作成分，无含义，该从句的主干是the averages were more accurate。
② when引导的时间状语从句。
③ that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups。
翻译：该研究最重要的发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，允许彼此进行讨论时，这些小组的平均结果比同等数量独立个体的平均结果更加准确。
3. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
philosophical (adj.) 哲学的 → (n.) philosophy/philosopher → (v.) philosophize
foundation (n.) 基础，地基 → (v.) found 建立 → (n.) founder
digital (adj.) 数字的，数码的 → (n.) digitalization 数字化
* minimalism (n.) 极简主义 → (n.) minimum 最小值
force (n.) 武力，力量 / (v.) 强迫 {在本句中引申为某种事物的催动力，促进因素}
increasingly (adv.) 越来越多地，不断增加地 → (v.) increase
intolerable (adj.) 难以忍受的 → (v.) tolerate → (adj.) tolerant 宽容的（态度观点题常见）
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism。
① starting作非谓语动词，引导状语，相当于which start with...；其中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰the forces。
② moving作非谓语动词，引导状语，且与①形成先后顺序的逻辑关系。
③ 注意在英译汉中，定语从句和“名介名”的短语需要从后往前翻。
翻译：在第一部分里，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先分析了让许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的因素，然后详细探讨了什么是数字极简主义哲学。
4. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
【词汇拓展】
The Caribbean Taino 加勒比的泰诺人
Aboriginal 土著居民
Benin 贝宁（位于非洲西部）；贝宁湾（几内亚湾一部分）
Incas 印加人
achievement (n.) 成绩，成就 → (v.) achieve → (adj.) achievable
give back 归还：将东西送回或归还给原主
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：The CT, AA, AP, I can speak to us。
① all of whom引导的是定语从句。
② speak (to sb.) of sth. 意为“谈论，提及...”。
③ through the objects they made作方式状语，they made是定语从句，省略了关联词that。
④ a history told through things gives them back a voice中told through things作定语，修饰history。
翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的原住民、非洲的贝宁人和印加人，所有这些出现在本书中的人们，都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过往的成就：通过物品讲述的历史让他们重新得到了发声的机会。
5. The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
exploration (n.) 探索，勘察 → (v.) explore → (adj.) explorative
adopt (v.) 收养；采纳 → (adj.) adopted/adoptive → (n.) adoption
[辨析] adapt (v.) 适应；调整；改编 → (n.) adaption 改编 / adaptability 适应性
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：The goal is to make...and then to teach...。
① make the case for sth 意为“说明某物的情况”。
② including引导的状语用来补充具体内容，后面只能加名词(性短语)。
③ why&who&how引导的是宾语从句；work作为动词时意为“起作用，生效”。
④ if引导的是条件状语从句。
⑤ it’s right for you是decide的宾语从句，省略了关联词that。
翻译：本书的目的是说明数字极简主义的理由，包括详细探讨它有何要求，以及为什么有效，然后教你如何应用这种哲学，如果你确定适合自己。
6. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
reputation (n.) 名声，名誉→ have a reputation for 有...的名声
impressive (adj.) 令人印象深刻的 → (v.) impress → (n.) impression → 给某人留下深刻的印象 leave/make sb. a deep impression → less-than-impressive 令人没什么印象的
top-class (adj.) 顶级的 → 中等的 middle-class → 工人阶级 working-class
appear (v.) 出现 → (n.) appearance → (反义词) disappear
frequently (adv.) 频繁地，经常地 → (adj.) frequent → (n.) frequency
[辨析] fluent (adj.) 流利的 → (n.) fluency
recipe (n.) 烹饪法，食谱；诀窍，秘诀；原因
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分句子，理解整体大意。主句：it is producing more top class chefs。
① even though引导的是条件状语从句。
② who&whose作为并列的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。
③ top在本句中作谓语动词，意为“登上顶峰，名列前茅”。
翻译：尽管英国的菜肴有个不怎么样的名声，但是越来越多的顶级厨师来自英国，他们经常出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常在畅销书列表上名列前茅。
7. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
thanks to 多亏了
advertise (v.) 打广告 → (n.) advertisement
campaign (n.) 活动，战役
*meat-and-two-veg 一荤两素的
ready-made (adj.) 准备好的
adventurous (adj.) 冒险的 → (v./n.) adventure → (n.) adventurer
【句子分析】
本句是强调句。该句主要结构为：It is + 强调内容 + that/who 从句，其主要特征是删除掉结构后整个句子仍然完整。
主句：Britons are turning away and becoming more adventurous。
① from和in引导的介词短语作为修饰词，对句子的内容进行进一步解释说明。
② 一般用连字符“-”连接在一起的合成词都为形容词。
翻译：正是由于这些电视大厨而不是任何广告活动，英国人正在远离一荤两素和预制菜，他们的烹饪习惯变得更加大胆。
【拓展练习】
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用 强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。It 在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时， 除可用 that 外，还可换用 who（强调宾语指人时也可用 whom），如 果是其它成分，则一律用 that 来连接。
① Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
② 判断句式
It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. (主语从句)
It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday. (强调句)
8. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）
【词汇拓展】
shot (n.) 照片 【熟词新义】 → (v.) shoot 射击
prepare (v.) 准备 → (n.) preparation → 为...做好准备 make a good preparation for sth./ prepare for
manage (v.) 管理 → (n.) management / manager
wisely (adv.) 明智地 → (adj.) wise → (n.) wisdom
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句：they are some of my best shots。
① looking back引导的是现在分词作状语，意为“回顾”。
② thought引导的是让步状语从句。
③ if引导的是条件状语从句；would have done为虚拟语气，表示“本应该，本能够”，指代与现在事实相反。
翻译：不过，回顾这些照片，它们是我拍得最好的照片，虽然如果我能做好准备并且合理管理时间，它们可能会好得多。
【真题再现】How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
9. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.（2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
process (n.) 步骤，程序，过程 → 在...的过程中 in/during the process
interpretation (n.) 理解，解释，口译 → (v.) interpret → (n.) interpreter
【句子分析】
本句是并列句。
主句：Weiner enters ...and he becomes...。
① with的复合结构表示伴随。
② part of引导的介词短语作becomes的宾语。
③ by引导两个并列动词作非谓语，表示“通过...方式”。
翻译：韦纳与历史上最重要的一些哲学家进行对话，在这个过程里，通过解读他们的话语并加入自己的解释，他也融入到了哲学家之中。
10. Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.（2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇）
【词汇拓展】
rather than 而不是
at the time 在当时 → at times 有时候
make the most of 充分利用
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句：I’ve learned that I need to take the opportunities and make the most of them。
① rather than作状语，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容在后面；set ... in stone意为“板上钉钉”。
② learned后的that引导宾语从句；而opportunities后的that引导定语从句。
③ even if引导的是让步状语从句；and连接的是并列句。
翻译：我明白了有时需要去抓住出现的机会，并且充分利用它们，而不是一成不变地按照计划做，即使这些机会当时听起来并不完美。
五、书面表达扩写练习
Skill One: 追加成分
高考英语写作不仅规定了写作内容，还明确规定了词数80左右。因为篇幅过短，若不能吸引阅卷老师细看以便查找诸如“高级词汇”“较高级结构”等“加分点”，自然影响得分档次。在试题“注意”中有明确规定：“1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。这里既规定了词数，又指定了充实文章的方法，即“适当增加细节”。“适当增加细节”其中很重要的一个方法就是——追加成分。
目的：扩展句子，充实文章
方法：在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)(如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等)、非谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，主题更突出。
特点：结构多变，句式多样
Practice
1. (提醒演讲参赛选手) 要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。
Please arrive on time, keep quiet and don't litter around.
→ Please arrive there on time, for whoever is late won't be allowed to enter(因为迟到的人不让进). It's bad manners to litter around. And always keep quiet while waiting for your turn(在等待轮到你的时候).
2. (演讲注意事项) 要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。
Be sure to wear a smile on your face. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly.
→ Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak(当你说话的时候), which will make you relaxed(这能使你放松). Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges(这样子你可以给观众和裁判留下好印象).
链接高考
请发挥合理想象，扩展句子(请注意括号内提供的语境)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(告知将举办音乐节)我们学校音乐厅将举办一场中国古典音乐会。
As we all know, there is a Chinese classical music concert that will be held in the music hall of our school on November 8th. According to the concert poster, many music masterpieces will be played by a famous band.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(介绍语言能力)克服语言障碍。
What's more, with a good command of English, I can overcome the language barrier, which allows me to communicate smoothly with British painting lovers.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)(通知学校放映电影)这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。
The English short film is mainly related to the development of our school, which will greatly help us students_know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(介绍学校体育馆)体育馆已经建立起来，许多运动项目可在里面举行。
To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school.Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which table tennis, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
5．(2018·北京高考书面表达)(咨询来北京上大学)建议你上北京大学，中国文学专业适合你。
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.
Skill Two: 补加语句
补加语句是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力，从而使作文在内容上更加连贯、丰满。
目的：充实文章，增强连贯性
方法：根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，避免句式单调的问题
特色：协调句式，结构多样
下面介绍补加语句的几种技法：
技法1 列举具体的实例进行补充说明
①我喜欢读书。
I like reading books.
→I like reading books, such as novels, short stories, magazines and newspapers.
②我要花一些时间和父母在一起。
I'll spend some time staying with my parents.
→I'll spend some time staying with my parents, chatting with them and doing some housework.
③我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。
I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.
→I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. If possible, we can travel together or share traveling experiences.
技法2 增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容
①我有时去村西的小河游泳。
I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.
→I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then. The water in the river is very clear. (背景渲染)
→Weather permitting, I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.(相关条件)
②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。
After a week's trip, he returned home.
→After a week's trip, he returned home, tired but very happy.(心理描写)
技法3 增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容
①我要和父母一起去超市购物。
I'm going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.
→I'm going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket and won't be back until about 5: 00 in the afternoon.(增加时间)
②我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。
I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.
→I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.(增加地点)
③(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给最急需的人。
The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.
→The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need. This will not only help them get through difficulties, but also give them warmth and happiness.
链接高考
请适当补加语句，充实下面写作片段
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(介绍音乐节的情况)
As scheduled, the festival will start at 9：00 a.m.on August 15th.
(1) It will last two and a half hours. (持续时长)
(2) Additionally, we will be fully absorbed in the attractive and fascinating performances. (活动内容)
(3) And at the same time we will sit on the grass and enjoy the tasty food and drinks provided by sponsors. (其它活动)
(4) Furthermore, we also expect to see you on the stage then. (表达期待)
2．(说明自己所擅长的两项技艺)
As a Chinese, I'm good at many skills related to our traditional culture. But among them, Tai chi is my favorite because it does much good to my health.
(1) I'm sure American friends will be also crazy about it after they touch it. (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
And as you know, Chinese cooking is popular all over the world.
(2) It happens that I'm expert at it, and I'm glad to present some traditional Chinese dishes to everybody.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
3．(2018·天津高考书面表达) 邀请他的原因
(1)We are desperately in need of your help. (邀请的原因)
So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
(2) I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. (我坚信我们共同的努力会得到好的结果)
(3) What's more, I will email you our training plan soon, hoping you can offer some constructive suggestions regarding it. (我邮件发你我们的培训计划，希望你可以提供一些建设性的建议)
4．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)(应聘志愿者的相关经验)
Firstly, I can speak fluent English and (1)I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners. (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
Secondly, I helped receive some visiting foreigners to our school last year. (2)This experience is sure to enable me to do better this year. (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
5．(互联网的好处)
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. We can not only read news from home and abroad, but also get information, send emails and attend online schools.(不仅可以...而且可以...)
Skill Three: 增加过渡
增加过渡是常见的“增加细节”的方法，过渡性词语和过渡性语句的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的过渡(连接)性词语，句子可避免语句陡转直下，不联不搭，通过合理过渡，实现语句的衔接顺畅。这就需要考生在日常学习中积累背诵常用的过渡词。例如：表示列举的firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally；表示自己看法的as far as I'm concerned, from my point of view, in my opinion；表示转折的on the contrary, however, every coin has two sides等。
目的：增加凝聚力，突出连贯性
方法：根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡性词语，或者过渡句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力
特色：行文连贯，条理清晰
1．(话题：家长用车接送学生引起校门口拥堵)
Our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules. Our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students' health.
→ In my opinion, the problem can be solved from two aspects. On one hand, our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules. On the other hand, our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students' health.
2．(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)
I'm concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school. I'm wondering whether a
private bedroom will be offered to me. I tend to know if there are any special customs that I should pay attention to. Would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family I'm sure your advice will benefit me a lot.
→Firstly, I'm concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school. Secondly, I'm wondering whether a private bedroom will be offered to me. Furthermore, I tend to know if there are any special customs that I should pay attention to. Last but not least, would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family I'm sure your advice will benefit me a lot.
链接高考
Ⅰ.用过渡性词汇补全句子
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)First of all/To begin with (首先), I'm a big fan of traditional Chinese paintings. Therefore (因此), I am capable of offering visitors detailed explanations on the stories of famous Chinese painters.
2. (2018·浙江高考写作)We lost our way in the forest and to make matters worse/worse still (更糟的是), it got dark.
3. (2018·北京高考书面表达)In my opinion/view (依我看), studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.
4. On the one hand (一方面), they can sweep the tombs for the dead. On the other hand (另一方面), they can go for a walk in the country in spring when the grass has just turned green.
5. In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief (总之), success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
Ⅱ. 阅读下面短文，填写适当的过渡性词语填空
近来，中学生普遍缺乏自我保护意识这一问题备受关注，请你用英语写一篇短文：
1．概括中学生自我保护的重要性；
2．就如何保护自己谈谈你的看法(至少两点)。
Recently, it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness.
There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all. 1.For one thing, security comes first. 2.For another thing, protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of us students. 3.Meanwhile, it also helps to build a more harmonious society.
4. Personally, in order to protect us students, 5.above all, we should strengthen our security awareness. 6.Besides, when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. 7.In a word, only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.
Ⅲ. 请在下面的段落内加上适当的词语或句子，以充实文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(话题：申请作为伦敦一家美术馆举办中国画展览的志愿者的优势)
First of all, (1)having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child, I have a good command of English and Chinese, (2)which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings. Besides, (3) having a good knowledge of Chinese paintings, I can get foreigners and the locals to know more about it. (4)Last but not least, through my introduction and efforts, I believe, I can strengthen the friendship between China and England.
Skill Four: 详加描述
详加描述是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章词数达标、内容充实、结构连贯、语意顺畅。
目的：有详有略，主次分明
方法：根据提示要求，首先确定主要点和次要点，然后在主要点上着笔泼墨。除了前面提到的采用“追加成分”以扩展句子的方式外，还可把一些主要点分开详述，从而提升这些要点的分量
特色：详略得当，重点突出
下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“我理想的大学生活”，请根据下列要求和你的畅想完成短文。
1．专业与课程； 2.老师与同学； 3.学校活动。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已给出，不计入总词数。
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university._______________________
________________________________________________________________________
[学生习作] (得分6分)
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university. I'll be admitted to Peking University and major in English.
The professor there will be friendly. Besides, I'll have lovely and caring classmates. In our spare time, various activities will be held.
[分析] 该文虽然把题干中给出的三个要点一一列出，结构清晰，还使用了一些高级词汇如be admitted to, a variety of, be devoted to, various等。然而由于简单罗列要点，全文只有约60词，且缺少连贯性，未能完全完成试题规定的任务。
下面是修改完成后的作文，请注意加黑句子对充实文章、突出主题的作用。
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university. As far as I can imagine, I'll be admitted to Peking University, where I'll major in English. It will help me have a better understanding of foreign cultures.
The professors there will be friendly, with whose help not only can I enrich my knowledge but also I can broaden my horizons. In addition, I'll have lovely and caring classmates. In our free time, various activities will be held to build up our courage and experience.
链接高考
Ⅰ.下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友James发来邮件说他的第一本小说出版了，并给你寄来了样书(sample copy)。请用英语给他回一封邮件，内容如下：
1．表示祝贺； 2．感谢赠书； 3．希望提些写作建议。
[考生习作]
DearJames，
I'm very excited and inspired by the news that your first novel has been published.
I'd like to thank you for mailing a sample copy of your novel to me. By the way, I'm also very interested in writing and I am anxious to know how to choose a good topic for a novel and develop it. Will you give me some advice
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[修改完成后的作文]
Dear James,
I'm very excited and inspired by the news that your first novel has been published. I'd like to offer my sincere congratulations to you on your great success.
Actually, I have witnessed your progress with admiration all these years, and I can imagine how much effort you have put into your writing. Besides, I'd like to thank you for mailing a sample copy of your novel to me. I can hardly wait to read it. By the way, I'm also very interested in writing and I am anxious to know how to choose a good topic for a novel and develop it. Will you give me some advice
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅱ.下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ改编)假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事情。
[考生习作]
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer of the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings at the local art museum.
First of all, I am greatly interested in paintings. More importantly, I consider it a good chance to spread Chinese culture and develop my ability. So I think I am highly qualified for the job.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
[修改完成后的作文]
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China, who is studying in London in summer holidays. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer of the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings. Here are my advantages.
First of all, I am greatly interested in paintings. I have received some professional trainings in my spare time. More importantly, I consider it a good chance to spread Chinese culture and develop my ability. So I think I am highly qualified for the job. I would be very grateful if you could give me a chance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hu根据2022——2023年高考卷分析高考英语长难句（练习）
一、长难句特征——“三长两短一并列”
主干 三长 两短 一平行
主谓SV 介词短语 非谓语 短语 从句 形容词 副词 并列结构
主谓宾SVO
主谓宾宾SVOO
主谓宾补SVOC
主系表SLP
Compulsory (括号原则) 不做标记 △ 下划线
二、“三步法”拆句，迎刃而解长难句
分析句式时,用一括{用小括号、中括号、箭头等符号标记句子的各修饰成分(如三长)}；二(画出主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾补、there be 句型等)；三会意(理解句意)。结合三步法拆句清句子各部分间的关系。
① 去繁存简抓主干
无论句子多长，结构多么复杂，句子都是由一些基本成分组成的。因此突破长难句的关键在于先 ，再 。
② 借助连词/引导词划意群
运用语法知识,借助 的提示，将长句分解成若干意群，以降低理解难度。
③ 调整语序明句意
理解句意时,应注意 ，合理 。
三、攻克三个“拦路虎”
① 非简单句
：句子+并列连词(and, but, or, while, so, not only ...but also ..., either... or ...等) 十句子
：三大从句为—— 、 和 。
② 非谓语动词(短语)
非谓语动词(短语)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语，主要形式为：to do，doing，done。
③ 非正常语序
非正常语序的句子主要指 和 。
四、句子的分析练习（*非课标词汇）
1. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. (2023年北京卷阅读表达)
【词汇拓展】
in the course of
pursue (v.) → (n.)
(v.) 联系 → (n.) → 把...和...联系在一起
* cue (n.) n. 暗示，提示
behavioural (adj.) → (n.) → (v.)
【句子分析】
本句为 。
主干： 。
其修饰成分为：
①
②
③
翻译：
。
【知识拓展】特殊考点
be believed / known / thought / said / reported / considered to +
动作未完成的动作： 主动do
被动be done
已完成的动作： 主动have done
被动have been done
【拓展练习】
① Nearly half a million people are believed to have left (leave) their homes as a result of the disaster. 接近五十万人被认为因为灾难的缘故背井离乡。
② China is known to (change) greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.在过去的数年间，据了解中国在文化价值方面发生了巨大的变化。
③ Napoleon is famously said to (declare), “When China wakes, it will shake the world.”据说拿破仑做出过著名的论断：“当中国觉醒时，会震撼整个世界。”（拿破仑已经做出过这样的论断了）
④ All the books offered by the students are reported to (send) to the children in the countryside the other day.据报道，学生们提供的所有书籍都已经在那天被送到乡村的孩子那里了。（书籍已经被送过去了）
⑤ She was believed to (have) the gift of prophecy.（据信她有预言的天赋。）
2. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）
【词汇拓展】
key (adj.)
crowd (n.) / (v.) 聚集 → (adj.)
far → further → furthest 指的是
→ farther → farthest 指的是
be divided into 被拆分成...
accurate (adj.) → (adv.) accurately
independent (adj.) → 反义词 → (n.) / → (v.) → 依赖于
individual (n.) / (adj.)
【句子分析】
本句含有多个从句。主句： 。
① that引导的 ，that在句子中 ，无含义，该从句的主干是
。
② when引导的 。
③ that引导的 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
。
3. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
philosophical (adj.) → (n.) / → (v.) philosophize
foundation (n.) → (v.) → (n.)
digital (adj.) 数字的，数码的 → (n.) digitalization
* minimalism (n.) 极简主义 → (n.) minimum
force (n.) / (v.) {在本句中引申为 }
increasingly (adv.) → (v.)
intolerable (adj.) → (v.) → (adj.) （态度观点题常见）
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句： 。
① starting作 ，引导状语，相当于which start with...；其中that引导的是 ，修饰 。
② moving作 ，引导状语，且与①形成 的逻辑关系。
③ 注意在英译汉中，定语从句和“名介名”的短语需要 。
翻译：
。
4. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
【词汇拓展】
The Caribbean Taino 加勒比的泰诺人
Aboriginal 土著居民
Benin 贝宁（位于非洲西部）；贝宁湾（几内亚湾一部分）
Incas 印加人
achievement (n.) → (v.) → (adj.)
give back
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句： 。
① all of whom引导的是 。
② speak (to sb.) of sth. 意为“ ”。
③ through the objects they made作 ，they made是 ，省略了关联词 。
④ a history told through things gives them back a voice中told through things作 ，修饰 。
翻译：
。
5. The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
exploration (n.) → (v.) → (adj.)
adopt (v.) → (adj.) / → (n.)
[辨析] adapt (v.) → (n.) adaption / adaptability
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句： 。
① make the case for sth 意为“ ”。
② including引导的状语用来 ，后面只能加 。
③ why&who&how引导的是 ；work作为动词时意为“ ”。
④ if引导的是 。
⑤ it’s right for you是decide的 ，省略了关联词 。
翻译：
。
6. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
reputation (n.) → have a reputation for
impressive (adj.) → (v.) → (n.) → 给某人留下深刻的印象 → less-than-impressive
top-class (adj.) → 中等的 → 工人阶级
appear (v.) → (n.) → (反义词)
frequently (adv.) → (adj.) → (n.)
[辨析] fluent (adj.) → (n.)
recipe (n.)
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分句子，理解整体大意。主句： 。
① even though引导的是 。
② who&whose作为并列的 ，修饰先行词 。
③ top在本句中作 ，意为“ ”。
翻译：
。
7. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
thanks to
advertise (v.) → (n.)
campaign (n.)
*meat-and-two-veg
ready-made (adj.)
adventurous (adj.) → (v./n.) → (n.)
【句子分析】
本句是 。该句主要结构为：It is + 强调内容 + that/who 从句，其主要特征是删除掉结构后整个句子仍然完整。
主句： 。
① from和in引导的介词短语作为 ，对句子的内容进行 。
② 一般用连字符“-”连接在一起的合成词都为 。
翻译：
。
【拓展练习】
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用 强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。It 在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时， 除可用 that 外，还可换用 who（强调宾语指人时也可用 whom），如 果是其它成分，则一律用 that 来连接。
① Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语： .
强调宾语： .
强调地点状语： .
强调时间状语： .
② 判断句式
It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday. ( )
It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday. ( )
8. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）
【词汇拓展】
shot (n.) 【熟词新义】 → (v.) 射击
prepare (v.) → (n.) → 为...做好准备
manage (v.) → (n.) /
wisely (adv.) → (adj.) → (n.)
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句： 。
① looking back引导的是 ，意为“ ”。
② thought引导的是 。
③ if引导的是 ；would have done为 ，表示“ ”，指代与现在事实 。
翻译：
。
【真题再现】How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
9. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.（2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇）
【词汇拓展】
(n.) 步骤，程序，过程 → 在...的过程中
interpretation (n.) → (v.) → (n.)
【句子分析】
本句是 。
主句： 。
① with的复合结构表示 。
② part of引导的介词短语作becomes的宾语。
③ by引导两个并列动词作非谓语，表示“ ”。
翻译：
。
10. Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.（2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇）
【词汇拓展】
rather than
at the time → at times
make the most of
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句： 。
① rather than作 ，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容 ；set ... in stone意为“ ”。
② learned后的that引导 ；而opportunities后的that引导 。
③ even if引导的是 ；and连接的是 。
翻译：
。
五、书面表达扩写练习
Skill One: 追加成分
高考英语写作不仅规定了写作内容，还明确规定了词数80左右。因为篇幅过短，若不能吸引阅卷老师细看以便查找诸如“高级词汇”“较高级结构”等“加分点”，自然影响得分档次。在试题“注意”中有明确规定：“1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。这里既规定了词数，又指定了充实文章的方法，即“适当增加细节”。“适当增加细节”其中很重要的一个方法就是——追加成分。
目的：扩展句子，充实文章
方法：在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)(如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等)、非谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，主题更突出。
特点：结构多变，句式多样
Practice
1. (提醒演讲参赛选手) 要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。
Please arrive on time, keep quiet and don't litter around.
→ Please arrive there on time, (因为迟到的人不让进). It's bad manners to litter around. And always keep quiet (在等待轮到你的时候).
2. (演讲注意事项) 要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。
Be sure to wear a smile on your face. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly.
→ Be sure to wear a smile on your face (当你说话的时候), (这能使你放松). Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly (这样子你可以给观众和裁判留下好印象).
链接高考
请发挥合理想象，扩展句子(请注意括号内提供的语境)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(告知将举办音乐节)我们学校音乐厅将举办一场中国古典音乐会。
.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(介绍语言能力)克服语言障碍。
.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)(通知学校放映电影)这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。
.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(介绍学校体育馆)体育馆已经建立起来，许多运动项目可在里面举行。
.
5．(2018·北京高考书面表达)(咨询来北京上大学)建议你上北京大学，中国文学专业适合你。
.
Skill Two: 补加语句
补加语句是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力，从而使作文在内容上更加连贯、丰满。
目的：充实文章，增强连贯性
方法：根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，避免句式单调的问题
特色：协调句式，结构多样
下面介绍补加语句的几种技法：
技法1 列举具体的实例进行补充说明
①我喜欢读书。
I like reading books.
→I like reading books, .
②我要花一些时间和父母在一起。
I'll spend some time staying with my parents.
→I'll spend some time staying with my parents, .
③我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。
I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.
→I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.
.
技法2 增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容
①我有时去村西的小河游泳。
I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.
→I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then. . (背景渲染)
→ , I go swimming in the river of the west of the village now and then.(相关条件)
②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。
After a week's trip, he returned home.
→After a week's trip, he returned home, .(心理描写)
技法3 增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容
①我要和父母一起去超市购物。
I'm going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket.
→I'm going to do some shopping with my parents in the supermarket . (增加时间)
②我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。
I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.
→I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return .(增加地点)
③(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给最急需的人。
The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.
→The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.
.
链接高考
请适当补加语句，充实下面写作片段
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(介绍音乐节的情况)
As scheduled, the festival will start at 9：00 a.m.on August 15th.
(1) . (持续时长)
(2) . (活动内容)
(3) . (其它活动)
(4) . (表达期待)
2．(说明自己所擅长的两项技艺)
As a Chinese, I'm good at many skills related to our traditional culture. But among them, Tai chi is my favorite because it does much good to my health.
(1) . (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
And as you know, Chinese cooking is popular all over the world.
(2) .(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
3．(2018·天津高考书面表达) 邀请他的原因
(1) . (邀请的原因)
So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
(2) . (我坚信我们共同的努力会得到好的结果)
(3) What's more, . (我邮件发你我们的培训计划，希望你可以提供一些建设性的建议)
4．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)(应聘志愿者的相关经验)
Firstly, I can speak fluent English and (1) . (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
Secondly, I helped receive some visiting foreigners to our school last year. (2)
. (这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)
5．(互联网的好处)
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
. (不仅可以...而且可以...)
Skill Three: 增加过渡
增加过渡是常见的“增加细节”的方法，过渡性词语和过渡性语句的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的过渡(连接)性词语，句子可避免语句陡转直下，不联不搭，通过合理过渡，实现语句的衔接顺畅。这就需要考生在日常学习中积累背诵常用的过渡词。例如：表示列举的firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally；表示自己看法的as far as I'm concerned, from my point of view, in my opinion；表示转折的on the contrary, however, every coin has two sides等。
目的：增加凝聚力，突出连贯性
方法：根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡性词语，或者过渡句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力
特色：行文连贯，条理清晰
1．(话题：家长用车接送学生引起校门口拥堵)
Our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules. Our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students' health.
→ . , our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules. , our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students' health.
2．(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)
I'm concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school. I'm wondering whether a
private bedroom will be offered to me. I tend to know if there are any special customs that I should pay attention to. Would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family I'm sure your advice will benefit me a lot.
→ , I'm concerned with how far it is from the host family to my school. , I'm wondering whether a private bedroom will be offered to me. , I tend to know if there are any special customs that I should pay attention to. , would you please give me some more suggestions on how to get along well with the host family I'm sure your advice will benefit me a lot.
链接高考
Ⅰ.用过渡性词汇补全句子
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) (首先), I'm a big fan of traditional Chinese paintings. (因此), I am capable of offering visitors detailed explanations on the stories of famous Chinese painters.
2. (2018·浙江高考写作)We lost our way in the forest and (更糟的是), it got dark.
3. (2018·北京高考书面表达) (依我看), studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.
4. (一方面), they can sweep the tombs for the dead. (另一方面), they can go for a walk in the country in spring when the grass has just turned green.
5. (总之), success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.
Ⅱ. 阅读下面短文，填写适当的过渡性词语填空
近来，中学生普遍缺乏自我保护意识这一问题备受关注，请你用英语写一篇短文：
1．概括中学生自我保护的重要性；
2．就如何保护自己谈谈你的看法(至少两点)。
Recently, it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness.
There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all. 1. , security comes first. 2. , protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of us students. 3. , it also helps to build a more harmonious society.
4. , in order to protect us students, 5. , we should strengthen our security awareness. 6. , when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. 7. , only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.
Ⅲ. 请在下面的段落内加上适当的词语或句子，以充实文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(话题：申请作为伦敦一家美术馆举办中国画展览的志愿者的优势)
First of all, (1) , I have a good command of English and Chinese, (2) . Besides, (3) , I can get foreigners and the locals to know more about it. (4) , through my introduction and efforts, I believe, I can strengthen the friendship between China and England.
Skill Four: 详加描述
详加描述是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章词数达标、内容充实、结构连贯、语意顺畅。
目的：有详有略，主次分明
方法：根据提示要求，首先确定主要点和次要点，然后在主要点上着笔泼墨。除了前面提到的采用“追加成分”以扩展句子的方式外，还可把一些主要点分开详述，从而提升这些要点的分量
特色：详略得当，重点突出
下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“我理想的大学生活”，请根据下列要求和你的畅想完成短文。
1．专业与课程； 2.老师与同学； 3.学校活动。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已给出，不计入总词数。
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university.
[学生习作] (得分6分)
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university. I'll be admitted to Peking University and major in English.
The professor there will be friendly. Besides, I'll have lovely and caring classmates. In our spare time, various activities will be held.
[分析] 该文虽然把题干中给出的三个要点一一列出，结构清晰，还使用了一些高级词汇如be admitted to, a variety of, be devoted to, various等。然而由于简单罗列要点，全文只有约60词，且缺少连贯性，未能完全完成试题规定的任务。
下面是修改完成后的作文，请注意加黑句子对充实文章、突出主题的作用。
I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university. As far as I can imagine, I'll be admitted to Peking University, where I'll major in English. It will help me have a better understanding of foreign cultures.
The professors there will be friendly, with whose help not only can I enrich my knowledge but also I can broaden my horizons. In addition, I'll have lovely and caring classmates. In our free time, various activities will be held to build up our courage and experience.
链接高考
Ⅰ.下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友James发来邮件说他的第一本小说出版了，并给你寄来了样书(sample copy)。请用英语给他回一封邮件，内容如下：
1．表示祝贺； 2．感谢赠书； 3．希望提些写作建议。
Dear James，
I'm very excited and inspired by the news that your first novel has been published.
I'd like to thank you for mailing a sample copy of your novel to me. By the way, I'm also very interested in writing and I am anxious to know how to choose a good topic for a novel and develop it. Will you give me some advice
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Ⅱ.下面是一位考生的习作，请进行修改，以充实文章、突出主题。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ改编)假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．能做的事情。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China.I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer of the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings at the local art museum.
First of all, I am greatly interested in paintings.More importantly, I consider it a good chance to spread Chinese culture and develop my ability.So I think I am highly qualified for the job.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
