中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
教学设计
学科 英语 年级 九年级下册 课型 语法课
课题 Grammar 单元 Unit 2 Great people
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013审定
教材分析
学习目标 1.知识目标掌握词汇：passage, take part in, the invention of, by hand2.能力目标(1)复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时的结构和用法； (2)能正确分辨和运用各种时态。3.情感目标 巩固各种时态的用法，对时间概念有更好的理解。
重点 掌握时态的结构和用法。
难点 掌握时态的结构和用法。
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入（5分钟） Step 1 RevisionTranslate the followi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng sentences and tell what tense is used in each sentence.1. 他总是设法独自做每一件事。 He always manages to do everything by himself. (时态：一般现在时)2. 宇航员们目前为下一次飞行做准备。 The astronauts are preparing for the next flight at present. (时态：现在进行时)3. 在返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始旋转，失去了控制。 On their w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control. (时态：一般过去时)4. 那一刻，全世界都在等待着向他们问候。 At that moment, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he whole world was waiting to greet them. (时态：过去进行时)5. 在太空中，阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令。 In space, Armstrong received the order to cut the flight short. (时态：一般过去时)6. 因为他的出色表现，迄今他已经被授予了五个奖项。 Because of his e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xcellent service, he has been presented five awards so far. (时态：现在完成时) Read again to find the answers. 【设计意图：以翻译方式自然导入时态的复习，激发学生参与课堂的积极性，让他们在真实的语境中运用一般现在时。】
课中活动（15分钟） Step 2 the present perfect tense.【自学指导】时态 用法特征词一般现在时1. 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2. 表示事先安排好的事情。always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day…现在进行时1. 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。2. 表示事先安排好的即将发生的动作。at the moment, today, now, right now, Listen! Look!e.g. I often go to school at 7 a.m. 我经常七点上学。 He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。 I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢集邮。 This month, they are preparing for the exam. 这个月他们正在准备考试。3. Millie is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writing about what her family members are doing. Help her complete her article with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. I (1) _______ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ____ (need) a pair of trainers. Mum (3) _________ (shop) online for me now. She often (4) _____ (shop) online. Dad (5) __________ (search) for information on the Internet. He (6) _______ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) _________ (watch) TV. I (9) _____ (want) to write an email to Wendy before I (10) ____ (go) to bed. Keys: will have, need, is shopping, shops, is searching, will visit, is reading, is watching, want, goStep 3 Simple past tense and past continuous 1. Simple pastUsed for:1. Actions that happened in the past. e.g. Simon played football yesterday.2. Actions that happened one after another in the past. e.g. Simon came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) home, turned on the computer and checked his email.2. Past continuousUsed for:1. actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past e.g. Yesterday at 4 p.m., Simon was playing football.2. actions that happened at the same time in the past e.g. Simon was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )playing computer games while Millie was watching TV.3. actions that lasted for some time in the past e.g. We were having a meeting from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. yesterday.时态用法常用特征词一般过去时1. 过去发生或过去经常发生的动作。2. 过去存在的状态。yesterday, two years ago, last week, the other day, in 1999过去进行时1. 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作2. 过去同一时间里同时发生的两个动作。3. 过去一个时间段内持续发生的动作。at this time yesterday, from… to… , last night…e.g. Two months ago, I flew to London with my mother.两个月前，我和妈妈一起坐飞机到伦敦。She was reading while her mother was talking on the phone.当她妈妈在打电话时，她在看书。She was shopping at 10 a.m. yesterday.昨天上午十点时她正在购物。3. Simon and his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friends are talking about what they did after dinner last plete their conversation with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Simon: I (1) ____________ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favorite team (2) _____ (win) the match. Millie: I (3) __________ (write) an email to Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) ____ (send) me an email last week.Sandy: I (5) _____________ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) ____ (take) part in a competition this morning. Peter: Last n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight, I (7) ______ (find) a website about travelling in space. I (8) ___________ (read) passages on the website while you (9) ___________ (play) the piano, Sandy.Daniel: I (10) __________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) ______ (call) me the day before yesterday, but I (12) _______ (be not) at home then. Keys: was watching, won, was writing, sent, was practising, took, found, was reading, were playing, was talking, called, was notStep 4 Simple past and present perfect1. Simple pastUsed for:1. actions that happened in the past e.g. I bought a new bicycle yesterday.2. actions that happened at a certain time in the past e.g. Kitty wrote an email to Linda an hour ago.2. Present perfectUsed for:1. emphasizing the result of a past action e.g. I have bought a new bicycle, so I can ride to school now.2. telling how many times an action has happened till now e.g. She has been to the USA twice.时态 用法注意一般过去时只强调过去的动作或状态，不与现在发生联系时态状语是过去的，yesterday, in 1998等。现在完成时1. 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。2. 强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。3. 强调过去某动作到现在已经发生多少次。1. already, yet, ever, just, recently…2. 在肯定句中与“since +过去点时间、for +段时间”连用时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。3. Durative and non-durative verbs 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buyhaveopenkeepclosebe openbegin/ startbe oncome be herego be therefinish be overdie be deadjoin be in…/be a member ofget married been marriede.g. I lived in Sunshine Town three years ago. （一般过去时不强调现在的情况） 我三年前住在阳光镇。 He has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born. （表示他现在还住在阳光镇） 他自出生就生活在阳光镇。The film has started for over ten minutes. （误）The film has been on for over ten minutes. （正）（与for, since等表示从过去到现在的时间段连用时，肯定句中要用延续性动词）电影已经开始十多分钟了。4. Millie is writing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about some modern inventions that have changed the way we live. Help her choose the correct words in brackets to complete her article. Many modern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inventions (1) __________ (make/ have made) a great difference in out life. They (2) ____________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.In ancient times, p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople (3) _____ (used/ have used) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a longer time. Fresh food would go bad in summer in a few hours. The invention of fridge (4) _________ (solved/ has solved) this problem. In the past, peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le (5) _______ (washed/ have washed) their clothes by hand. It (6) ____ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _____ (took/ has taken) a lot of time. With the invention of the washing machine, people (8) _________ (had/ have had) more time to relax. In the old days, peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple (9) ________ (traveled/ have traveled) by ship. Now planes (10) _________ (made/ have made) journeys more comfortable. Keys: have made, have changed, used, has solved, washed, was, took, have had, traveled, have made Compare the two tenses. And do the exercise alone.And do the exercise alone.Learnm the Simple past tense and present perfect tense .And compare them.Learn the Simple past tense and present perfect tense .‘And compare them. 【设计意图：以表格形式帮助学生归纳两个时态的意义和功能。】【设计意图：以教材中的练习帮助学生巩固一般现在时和现在进行时的用法。】【设计意图：归纳复习一般过去时和过去进行时的用法。】 【设计意图：归纳复习一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。】【设计意图：通过练习引导学生注意非延续性动词和延续性动词的用法，以动词填空的形式加以巩固。】
知识点讲解 1. I am working on a history project this week. 这周我正在做一个历史课题。 work on 致力于；从事 He has worked on the novel for two months. 他写这部小说两个月了。2. I am leaving for Shanghai tonight. 今晚我要去上海。 (1) leave for+地点 动身去某地 I’m leaving for Dalian tomorrow. 我打算明天动身去大连。 (2) leave+地点+for+另一地点 离开某地前往另一个地方 He left Paris for London yesterday. 他昨天离开巴黎去伦敦了。(3) leave 遗留;遗赠 leave sb sth= leave sth to sb (4) leave 接复合宾语，意为“使……处于……状态”。 复合宾语中的补语可以由形容词、介词（短语）、名词等来充当。Leave the door open. 让门开着。 (5) leave 忘了带;丢下,其后可接地点状语。 I’ve left my bag on the bus. 我把包忘在公共汽车上了。3. Many modern inventions have made a great difference in our life.许多现代发明在我们的生活中产生了巨大的影响。 make a great difference 产生巨大的影响 make a difference to 对……产生影响to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。Education can make a great difference to our life.教育能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。4. In the past, people washed their clothes by hand. 过去, 人们用手洗衣服。by hand 用手/手工的 My grandmother can make clothes by hand. 我奶奶会手工做衣服。【拓展】hand的相关短语 on the one /other hand 一方面/另一方面 hand in 上交 hand out 分发
课后活动 Ⅰ. 单项选择1. Mr Black is going to marry a girl he ____________ in Japan last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet2. Now my father ____________ his bike to work every day instead of driving. A. ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride3. —What were you doing this time yesterday —I ____________ on the grass and drawing a picture. A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting4. Don’t make so much noise. The children ____________ an English lesson. A. have B. are having C. were having5. My grandmother ____________ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen6. What ____________ you ____________ when the captain came in A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. He with his friends ____________ (lie) in the sun and feeling relaxed on the beach when the tsunami came.2. —Hi, Mary! Look at your shoes. They’re worn out. —Oh, thanks for reminding me. I _____________ (not notice) that.3. —Jane, I can’t find Mike in the playground. —Oh. He ____________ (play) the piano in the music room.4. We are told that online shopping, if done properly, ____________ (save) us a lot of time and energy.5. Listening to his useless chatting really _____________ (test) my patience. I won’t chat with him again.6.—Is there any mistake in your homework, Jim —I’m not sure. I _____________ (not check) it carefully.答案：Ⅰ.1—6 B C D B D CⅡ.1.was lying 2.didn’t notice 3.is playing 4.will save 5.tests 6.haven’t checked
板书设计 Unit 2 Great peopleGrammar一般现在时用法：1. 表示现在存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。2. 客观事实。3. 表示按时间表或计划表所做的事情。构成：1. be(am/is/are) + 表语2. 动原(三单) +…现在进行时用法：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。构成：be (am/is/are) +动词的现在分词一般将来时用法：表示将来某一时刻会出现的动作或状态。构成：1. will +动原2. am/is/are + doing过去进行时用法：1. 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。2. 在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作。构成：was / were + 动词的现在分词一般过去时用法：1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。(often, always)构成：1. was/were + 表语2. 实义动词的过去式 + …现在完成时用法：1.过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。2.过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …
作业 1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today.2. Finish the related exercises. 3. Preview Integrated skills & Study skills on page 29-31.
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学习任务单
课程基本信息
学科 英语 九年级 九年级下册
课题 Grammar 单元 Unit 2 Great people
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013审定
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
1.知识目标掌握词汇：passage, take part in, the invention of, by hand2.能力目标(1)复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时的结构和用法； (2)能正确分辨和运用各种时态。3.情感目标 巩固各种时态的用法，对时间概念有更好的理解。
课前学习任务
一、翻译下列短语1.网上购物_____________ 2.洗衣机的发明_____________ 3.一日游_____________ 4.一双运动鞋 _____________ 5.给某人写电子邮件_____________ 6.变质，变坏 _____________ 7.前天_____________ 8我们的生活方式_____________ 9.练习弹钢琴_____________ 10.参加竞赛 _____________ 二、一般现在时与现在进行时①概念不同一般现在时表示主语经常性习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现象；而现在进行时表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。如：She often does her homework in the evening.她经常在晚上做家庭作业。She is doing her homework now.她现在正在做家庭作业。②构成方式不同一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有两种：be动词的一般现在时形式：am, is, are；行为动词一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是：am/is/are + doing③时间状语不同一般现在时的时间状语主要有：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, on Mondays等，而现在进行时的时间状语主要有：now, these days, this week, at the moment等，有时句首有Look! Listen!或It’s+时刻等存在。如：We play football on Sundays.我们在星期天踢足球My mother is reading a newspaper now.妈妈正在看报纸。三、一般过去时与过去进行时①形式结构上的区别a.一般过去时的形式结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。如：I got up at six yesterday.我昨天六点起床的。b.过去进行时的形式结构为：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他。如：He was reading a book when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，他正在读一本书。②否定句、疑问句结构上的区别：a.一般过去时的否定句、疑问句多是借助助动词did来实现的，此时实意动词应用原形。如：He worked in Guannan last year.否定句：He didn’t work in Guannan last year.一般疑问句：Did he work in Guannan last year.反义疑问句：He worked in Guannan last year，didn’t he b.过去进行时的否定句、疑问句多是借助be动词was/were 来实现的。如：He was working in the field at 4 yesterday afternoon.否定句：He wasn’t working in the field at 4 yesterday afternoon..一般疑问句：Was he working in the field at 4 yesterday afternoon 反意疑问句：He was working in the field at 4 yesterday afternoon，wasn’t he 四、一般过去时与现在完成时①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的重点在于陈述过去的一件事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年参观过桂林。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/month, in 2003, just now, once upon a time, etc.都是一般过去时的标志。②现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，不与确定的过去时间连用。如：Jim has bought a CD.吉姆买了一张CD.(着重点是现在有CD)时间状语：recently, lately, since…,for …,in the past few years, etc.③区分：一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，现在完成时的谓语构成是have/has+动词的过去分词。如:I saw him in the street just now.My father has gone to Beijing.
课上学习任务
【学习任务一】单词拼写。1.I don’t know which_____________段落）to choose. Can you give me some advice 2.In the old days, people washed their clothes_____________(手工).3.Mike is_____________(采访) the famous astronaut in the office.4.I usually turn on my computer and_____________(检查) my email in the evening.5.Do you want to take part in the singing_____________(比赛).【学习任务二】词汇运用。1. It is said that some people_____________(send) to Mars in a few years.2. My father_____________(work) in a factory for five years. but now he is a teacher.3. Mr. Liu isn’t here now. He_____________(go) to HK.4. I_____________(make) some friends on my trip to Beijing last year.5.—Every student in our class was at the meeting except you. Why —Sorry, sir .Ms Wang_____________(explain) a maths problem to me.【学习任务三】单项选择（语法）。1.----- Have you ever____________an amusement park ----- Yes, I have . I____________Fun Times amusement park last year.A. been to ;have gone to B. gone to ; have been toC. go to ; went to D. been to; went to2. -----Where is your father -----He____________HK. He____________there last month.A. has gone to ; went B. has been to ; went C. has gone to; has gone D. has gone to; has gone to3. -----A new shop____________for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.-----Good idea. But it doesn’t____________on Mondays.A. opened; opened B. has been opened; openC. has opened ; opened D. has been open ; open4. -----I wonder when you____________the new watch. ----Well, I it for two weeks.A. have bought; have had B. bought; have boughtC. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought5. -----Hello! Is that Emily speaking -----Sorry, this is Jack, Emily’s son. My mother____________in the kitchen.A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked【学习任务四】阅读理解For years, business people in Western Europe were worried. They knew they could not compete against business from the U. S. The United States is much larger and had many more resources than any Western European country. Some European people realized that the European nations need to join together to help each other. If they could forget their language differences and the differences in customs, they might become strong competition against other countries. In 1958, six of the European countries----Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany and Italy got together and decided to cooperate(合作). They called their group the European Economic Community, or the Common Market．These countries agreed to join their resources together. Within a few years, the European Economic Community had worked so well that its members were more prosperous(繁荣) than many other European nations. Soon, other nations began to realize the advantages(好处) of the Common Market. Today the Common Market includes most of the important countries in Western Europe. It is helping Western Europe to again take its place as a leader among industrial nations of the world.( ) 1. From the passage we know the U. S. is much richer than ______ in resources. A. any other Western European countriesB. any other country in Western EuropeC. any country in Western Europe. D. every country in Europe( ) 2. The members of the European Economic Community have developed fast because they ______. A. share the air resources and produce more goodsB. can again take the place as a leaderC. forget the differences in their languages and customsD. have become strong competition against the U. S. ( ) 3. Which statement is true A. The Common Market is only a political association (联盟). B. The Common Market is an economic and political association. C. The Common Market is only an economic association. D. The Common Market is neither an economic association nor a political one. ( ) 4. In order to ______ the Western European countries decided to cooperate. A. join together to found a united countryB. help each other to smooth away the differences in customsC. work and act together for common purposeD. fight against the U.S. ( ) 5. Today the Common Market has helped ______ again take the place as a leader among the industrial nations of the world.A. Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany and ItalyB. Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy and other countriesC. Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy and other European countriesD. Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy and other Western European nations【学习任务五】短文缺词填空，每空一词。Hi Christine,Sorry I haven’t emailed lately—I’ve been very busy since becoming a volunteer for the Riding for the Disabled Association.Every Saturday, I help to get the horses r 1 for the disabled riders. Many more disabled people want to ride h 2 than you would imagine. It’s a disadvantage that I don’t know how to ride —I’d love to get on long rides with the riders— but I’ll learn soon e 3 .Right now, I’m just happy to be able to lead the horses around for the disabled riders.I’m a 4 helping to organize a sale, which will be h 5 next month. It’s a lot more work than helping the disabled. I need to collect second-hand things to sell at the sale. There are f 6 things available (可获得的) than I thought, but I’m sure we’ll have enough b 7 next month. I hope the sale raises more money than last month’s walk. It was rainy, so too few people took part in the event. Last week, we held an auction (拍卖). It took much less t 8 to organize the auction than the walk. H 9 , for some reason, people offered too little money for the things, so we didn’t raise enough money.I’ll s 10 you some pictures when you come to my home next month.Robin(1) ________ (2) ________ (3) ________ (4) ________ (5) ________ (6) ________ (7) ________ (8) ________ ( 9) ________ (10) ________
答案 课前学习任务 1. shopping online 2. invention of washing machines3. a day out 4. A pair of trainers5. Write an email to... 6.go bad7.the day before yesterday 8.our lifestyle9.practise playing the piano 10. take part in a competition课上学习任务一、1. passage 2. by hand 3. interviewing 4. check 5. competition 二、1. will be sent 2. worked 3. has gone 4. made 5. was explaining 三、1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. CCABCD1. ready 2. horses 3. enough 4. also 5. held 6. fewer 7. by 8. time 9. However 10. show
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译林版·九年级下册
Unit 2 Great people
Grammar
Revision
1. 他总是设法独自做每一件事。
He always _____________________________.
2. 宇航员们目前为下一次飞行做准备。
The astronauts ____________________________ at present.
3. 在返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始旋转，失去了控制。
On their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft _________________________________.
Translate the following sentences and tell what tense is used in each sentence.
manages to do everything by himself
are preparing for the next flight
began spinning out of control
(时态：一般现在时)
(时态：现在进行时)
(时态：一般过去时)
4. 那一刻，全世界都在等待着向他们问候。 At that moment,the whole world _______________________________________.
5. 在太空中，阿姆斯特朗接到缩短航程的命令。
In space, Armstrong_________________________________.
6. 因为他的出色表现，迄今他已经被授予了五个奖项。
Because of_________________________________________.
was waiting to greet them
received the order to cut the flight short
his excellent service, he has been presented five awards so far.
(时态：过去进行时)
(时态：一般过去时)
(时态：现在完成时)
the present perfect tense.
时态 用法 特征词
一般现在时 1. 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2. 表示事先安排好的事情。 always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day…
现在进行时 1. 表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。2. 表示事先安排好的即将发生的动作。 at the moment, today, now, right now, Listen! Look!
e.g. I often go to school at 7 a.m.
我经常七点上学。
He is watching TV.
他正在看电视。
I like collecting stamps.
我喜欢集邮。
This month, they are preparing for the exam.
这个月他们正在准备考试。
Millie is writing about what her family members are doing. Help her complete her article with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
I (1) _________ (have) a day out with my classmates this Saturday, so I (2) ________ (need) a pair of trainers.Mum (3) __________ (shop) online for me now.She often (4) _______ (shop) online. Dad (5) _________
(search) for Information on the Internet. He (6) ________ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ____________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma
(8) _________ (watch) TV. I (9) _________ (want) to writan email to Wendy before I (10) ______ (go) to bed.
will have
is shopping
need
shops
is searching
will visit
is reading
is watching
want
go
Simple past
Used for:
1. Actions that happened in the past.
e.g. Simon played football yesterday.
2. Actions that happened one after another in the past.
e.g. Simon came home, turned on the computer and checked his email.
Used for:
1. actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past
e.g. Yesterday at 4 p.m., Simon was playing football.
2. actions that happened at the same time in the past
e.g. Simon was playing computer games while Millie was watching TV.
3. actions that lasted for some time in the past
e.g. We were having a meeting from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. yesterday.
Past continuous
时态 用法 常用特征词
一般过去时 1. 过去发生或过去经常发生的动作。2. 过去存在的状态。 yesterday, twoyears ago, last week, the other day, in 1999
过去进行时 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作2. 过去同一时间里同时发生的两个动作。3. 过去一个时间段内持续发生的动作。 at this time yesterday, from… to… , last night…
Simple past and present perfect
1. Simple past
Used for:
1）. actions that happened in the past
e.g. I bought a new bicycle yesterday.
2）. actions that happened at a certain time in the past
e.g. Kitty wrote an email to Linda an hour ago.
2. Present perfect
Used for:
1）. emphasizing the result of a past action
e.g. I have bought a new bicycle, so I can ride to school now.
2）. telling how many times an action has happened till now
e.g. She has been to the USA twice.
时态 用法 注意
一般过去时 只强调过去的动作或状态，不与现在发生联系 时态状语是过去的，yesterday, in 1998等。
现在完成时 1. 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。2. 强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。3. 强调过去某动作到现在已经发生多少次。 1. already, yet, ever, just, recently…2. 在肯定句中与“since +过去点时间、for +段时间”连用时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
Durative and non-durative verbs
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
open keep
close be open
begin/ start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
join be in…/be a member of
get married been married
e.g. I lived in Sunshine Town three years ago.
（一般过去时不强调现在的情况）
我三年前住在阳光镇。
He has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born.
（表示他现在还住在阳光镇）
他自出生就生活在阳光镇。
The film has started for over ten minutes. （误）
The film has been on for over ten minutes. （正）
（与for, since等表示从过去到现在的时间段连用时，肯定句中要用延续性动词）
电影已经开始十多分钟了。
Millie is writing about some modern inventions that have changed the way we live. Help her choose the correct words in brackets to complete her article.
Simon: I (1) _________ (watch) a wonderful football match from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favourite team(2) ____ (win) the match.
Millie: I (3) __________ (write) an email to Wendy at
7 p.m. yesterday. She (4) ____ (send) me an email last week.
Sandy: I (5) ___________ (practise) playing the piano the whole night. I (6) ______ (take) part in the competition this morning.
Peter: Last night, I (7) _______ (find) a website about
travelling in space. I (8) ____________ (read)
was watching
won
was writing
sent
was practising
took
found
was reading
passage on the website while you (9) ___________ (play) the piano, Sandy.
Daniel: I (10) __________ (talk) to Aunt Jane on the phone at 7:30 yesterday evening.She (11) ______ (call) me the day before
yesterday, but I (12) _______ (be not) at home then.
were playing
was talking
called
wasn’t
Language points
1. I am working on a history project this week. 这周我正在做一个历史课题。
work on 致力于；从事
He has worked on the novel for two months. 他写这部小说两个月了。
2. I am leaving for Shanghai tonight. 今晚我要去上海。
(1) leave for+地点 动身去某地
I’m leaving for Dalian tomorrow. 我打算明天动身去大连。
(2) leave+地点+for+另一地点 离开某地前往另一个地方
He left Paris for London yesterday.
他昨天离开巴黎去伦敦了。
(3) leave 遗留;遗赠 leave sb sth= leave sth to sb
(4) leave 接复合宾语，意为“使……处于……状态”。
复合宾语中的补语可以由形容词、介词（短语）、名词等来充当。
Leave the door open. 让门开着。
(5) leave 忘了带;丢下,其后可接地点状语。
I’ve left my bag on the bus.
我把包忘在公共汽车上了。
3. Many modern inventions have made a great difference in our life.
许多现代发明在我们的生活中产生了巨大的影响。
make a great difference 产生巨大的影响
make a difference to 对……产生影响
to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。
Education can make a great difference to our life.
教育能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
4. In the past, people washed their clothes by hand. 过去, 人们用手洗衣服。
by hand 用手/手工的
My grandmother can make clothes by hand. 我奶奶会手工做衣服。
【拓展】hand的相关短语
on the one /other hand 一方面/另一方面
hand in 上交 hand out 分发
单项选择
( ) 1. Mr Black is going to marry a girl he ____________ in Japan last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
( ) 2. Now my father ____________ his bike to work every day instead of driving.
A. ride B. rode C. rides D. will ride
( ) 3. —What were you doing this time yesterday
—I ____________ on the grass and drawing a picture.
A. sit B. sat C. am sitting D. was sitting
当 堂 训 练
D
C
B
( ) 4. Don’t make so much noise. The children ____________ an English lesson.
A. have B. are having C. were having
( ) 5. My grandmother ____________ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
( ) 6. What ____________ you ____________ when the captain came in
A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing
C
D
B
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. He with his friends ____________ (lie) in the sun and feeling relaxed on the beach when the tsunami came.
2. —Hi, Mary! Look at your shoes. They’re worn out.
—Oh, thanks for reminding me. I _____________ (not notice) that.
3. —Jane, I can’t find Mike in the playground.
—Oh. He ____________ (play) the piano in the music room.
is playing
didn’t notice
was lying
4. We are told that online shopping, if done properly, ____________ (save) us a lot of time and energy.
5. Listening to his useless chatting really _____________ (test) my patience. I won’t chat with him again.
6.—Is there any mistake in your homework, Jim
—I’m not sure. I _____________ (not check) it carefully.
haven’t checked
tests
will save
Homework
1. Review the grammar we’ve learned today.
2. Finish the related exercises.
3. Preview Integrated skills & Study skills on page 29-31.
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课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 九年级下册
课题 Grammar 单元 Unit 2 Great people
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013审定
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
1.知识目标掌握词汇：passage, take part in, the invention of, by hand2.能力目标(1)复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时的结构和用法； (2)能正确分辨和运用各种时态。3.情感目标 巩固各种时态的用法，对时间概念有更好的理解。
课后练习
一、词汇1. I ____________ (talk) when the teacher came in.2. It’s reported that some wild animals ____________ (face) the danger of dying out now.3. The person who is the earliest will get what he or she ____________ (want).4. — Why didn’t you say anything — Sorry, I ____________ (reply) to my boss’s message.5. I ____________ (listen) but heard nothing.6. — Which _________ (章节) is the most interesting of the three — I think the third one is.7. Guangdong is in the ___________ (south) part of China.8. There are some ______________ (different) between these two pictures.9. The old man __________ (step) out silently last night.10. They are looking forward to ___________ (win) the first prize in the coming competition.11. I practiced _____________ (play) the piano the whole night.12. — How long have you ___________(buy) the book — For four years13. We ________________(learn) about 3,000 English words so far.14. The Smiths __________________ (live) here since 2003.15. Miss Lee _________ (teach) us Physics for two weeks three years ago.二、单项选择( ) 1. — Are you going anywhere — I _______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought( ) 2. — You look very nice in your new dress today. — Oh, really I _______ it when it was on sale.A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy( ) 3. Look, so many passengers _______ with their smart phones on the underground.A. played B. will play C. are playing D. have played( ) 4. When you _______ at a restaurant, please order just enough food.A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten( ) 5. As we all know, the Silk Road _______ China to the west in ancient times.A. connects B. connected C. will connect D. is connecting( ) 6. — I wonder when you _______ the new watch. — Well, I _______ it for two weeks. A. have bought; have had B. bought; have bought C. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought( ) 7. — Have you ever _______ an amusement park — Yes, I have. I _______ Fun Times Amusement Park last year. A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been to C. go to; went to D. been to; went to ( ) 8. — Does this bus go to the zoo — No. You _______ the wrong way. You want the Number 9.A. go B. were going C. are going D. would go( ) 9. Why not _______us in dancing this evening OK, I’d like to.A. join B. join in C. take part in D. attend ( ) 10. Nowadays many people like wearing clothes made_________.A. with hand B. by hand C. in hand D. from hand三、翻译句子。1. 本周，我要做一个历史课题。______________________________________ 2. 今晚，我将去上海。______________________________________________ 3. 整个晚上我都在练习弹钢琴。______________________________________ 4. 昨天下午从3点到4点我正在看一场精彩的篮球赛。___________________________________________________________________5.她前天给我打了个电话， 但那时我不在家。___________________________________________________________________我买了一个新自行车，所以现在我能骑车上学。___________________________________________________________________阅读理解。 People often said Thomas Edison was the greatest genius (天才) of his age. There are only a few people in history, who have changed the lives of other people as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be pleased only because someone said he was a genius. “There is no such a thing as genius,” Edison said. He thought what people called genius was mostly hard work. But Edison was a thinker as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. He tried to understand them, and then he tried to learn what he could usefully do with them. Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking could give people enjoyment and pleasure. Edison could not understand why someone could not be interested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what idea he had about life. “Work,” he answered. “Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make people happier.” He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work. ( ) 1. What is genius according to Thomas Edison A. Hard thinking. B. Hard work. C. Useful ideas. D. Useful inventions. ( ) 2. How did Edison always deal with the secrets of nature after exploring them A. To write down what he had learned. B. To carry out a new experiment. C. To make them useful in life. D. To share them with others. ( ) 3. Edison couldn’t understand . A. how anybody enjoyed life B. if anybody loved working C. why anybody loved thinking D. why somebody was tired of life ( ) 4 Was Edison a good thinker or a good worker A. He was a good thinker. B. He was either a good worker or a good thinker. C. He was a good thinker and he was a good worker, too. D. He was neither a good thinker nor a good worker. ( ) 5. What does the last sentence in the passage mean A. Edison was born to be a great inventor. B. Edison was able to live another 100 years. C. Edison was ready to make his 100th invention. D. Life was too short for Edison to work for human beings.五、完型填空。It was too late at night when an old man came to a small town. He found an inn(小旅馆) and wanted to stay there for the night. After he 1 his room, the owner said to his wife, “Look at his bag. There 2 much money in it. Let’s 3 when he’s asleep, 4 ” “No, no,” said the woman. “He must look 5 his bag tomorrow morning. If he can’t find it, he’ll telephone the police.” They thought for 6 minutes. Then the woman had an idea. “We have forgetful grass. Why 7 some forgetful grass into his food If he 8 the food, he will forget 9 his bag away. The old man had the food 10 the forgetful grass and went to bed. The next morning when the owner got up, he found the door 11 and the old man had left with the bag. He woke his wife up and said to her 12 , “What a fool! You forgetful grass isn’t 13 at all.” “No, I don’t think so. He must forget 14 ,”his wife said. “Oh! I remember now!” cried out the man suddenly. “He forgot to 15 for the night.” ( ) 1. A. went B. has gone to C. had been to D. had gone to ( ) 2. A. must have B. must be C. may have D. can be ( ) 3. A. take it away B. to take it away C. take away it D. to take away it ( ) 4. A. don’t you B. won’t you C. will you D. shall we( ) 5. A. at B. like C. for D. after ( ) 6. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ( ) 7. A. not put B. not to put C. not putting D. don’t put ( ) 8. A. has B. will have C. is having D. is going to have ( ) 9. A. taking B. to take C. bringing D. to bring ( ) 10. A. in B. of C. with D. from ( ) 11. A. open B. opens C. opening D. to open ( ) 12. A. quickly B. happily C. angrily D. politely ( ) 13. A. strong B. important C. delicious D. useful ( ) 14. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything ( ) 15. A. cost B. stay C. pay D. spend六、首字母填空。At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines e 1 , but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. H 2 , modern technology has c 3 all that. New technology has really o 4 up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 5 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 6 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the performance of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, they may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don’t even need to p 7 them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. Besides, you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one I 8 you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story c 9 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 10 film. 1. _________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________6. _________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. ___________ 10. __________
答案 一、 1. was talking 2.are facing 3.wants 4.was replying 5.listened6.passage 7.southern 8.differences 9.stepped 10.winning11.playing 12.bought 13.have learnt 14.have lived 15.taught二、 1-5 DBCCB 6-10 CDCAB四、1–5 BCDCD 五、1-5 DBADC 6-10 BAABC 11-15ACDBC六、1. expensive 2.However 3.changed 4.opened 5.much6. team 7.pay 8.If 9.character 10.successful
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