(共16张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
【观察思考】
I saw the thief getting on the train.
我看见小偷正在上火车。
I saw the thief get on the train and then he disappeared.
我看见小偷上了火车,然后消失了。
Don’t have the students studying all day.
不要让学生整天学习。
【探究总结】
(1)动词-ing形式位于感官动词后作宾语补足语。常见的感官动词有: 、 hear、 feel、 smell、 notice、 look at、 listen to等。感官动词之后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,又可跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,其区别是:
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作 ,是动作的部分过程;不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的 ,暗示动作已经结束。
(2)动词-ing形式位于动词 、 get、 keep等之后,侧重表示动作的持续性。
see
正在进行
全过程
have
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①If a cook is found (smoke) in the kitchen, he will be fired.
②I won’t have you (run) about in the room.
③We saw the teacher (do) the experiment.
④At the airport, a man dressed in a black suit was caught (spit) on the clean floor.
smoking
running
doing
spitting
二、动词-ing形式作状语
1. 动词-ing形式作状语的具体用法
【观察思考】
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. (作时间状语)= When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
听到那个消息,他不禁大笑起来。
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a house. (作原因状语)=Because he was poor, he couldn’t afford a house.
因为穷,他买不起房子。
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. (作条件状语)=If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.
如果你努力工作,就一定会成功。
Knowing the whole thing, they still made me pay for the damage. (作让步状语)
=Though they knew the whole thing, they still made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们知道整件事情的经过,却还让我赔偿损失。
The boy sat in front of the farm house, cutting the branch. (作伴随状语)
=The boy sat in front of the farm house, and he cut the branch.
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. (作结果状语)
=The child slipped and fell, and he hit his head against the door.
那个男孩滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。
Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
因为不知道比尔的电话号码,她和他联系遇到了困难。
When visiting a strange city, I like to have a guidebook with me.
游览陌生城市时,我喜欢随身带着旅游手册。
【探究总结】
(1)动词-ing形式在句中作状语时,用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或表示伴随、让步等,并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
(2)动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
(3)动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。
(4)动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词,如when、 while、 whenever、 if、 though、 unless等强调前后动作的同时性或使动词-ing形式表达的含义更加明确。
动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然的结果;动词不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果,常和only连用。
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
① (see) the pictures, she remembered her childhood.
② (ill), he couldn’t go to school.
③ (work) hard, you’ll make great progress in English.
④His parents died, (leave) him an orphan.
⑤He came (run) back to tell me the news.
⑥She walked along the street, (sing) softly to herself.
⑦ (work) very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
Seeing
Being ill
Working
leaving
running
singing
Working
(2)根据语境及汉语提示写出正确短语。
①Be careful (当穿过) the road.
② (尽管缺钱), his parents managed to send him to university.
③He ran to the ticket office, (却被告知) all the tickets had been sold out.
④One woman was lying in bed, awake, (倾听) the rushing wind.
while crossing
Though/Although lacking money
only to be told
listening to
2. 动词-ing形式作状语的时态和语态
【观察思考】
Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
看书时,他不时地点着头。
Having finished all his homework, he went out to play.
完成所有作业之后,他就出去玩了。
Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to give in.
由于被包围着,敌人被迫投降。
Having been told many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没记住这些规定。
【探究总结】
(1)动词-ing形式的一般式doing表示其动作和主句的动作 进行或者在主句的动作 发生;完成式 的动作是 主句的动作发生。
(2)动词-ing形式的被动式表示动作与主句的主语(分词的逻辑主语)是 关系。根据动词-ing 形式的动作发生的时间,被动式有一般被动式 (表示动作 )和完成被动式 (表示动作 )。
同时
之后
having done
先于
被动
being done
正在被进行
having been done
已经被完成
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
① (finish) the work, he went to see his teacher.
② (stare) at by strangers, he feels embarrassed(尴尬的).
③ (translate) into many languages, the book became famous all over the world.
Having finished
Being stared
Having been translated
3. 动词-ing形式的特殊结构
【观察思考】
The rain having stopped, we went on marching.
雨过之后,我们继续前进。
Generally speaking, boys like playing with balls while girls like playing with dolls.
一般来说,男孩喜欢玩球,而女孩喜欢玩娃娃。
【探究总结】
(1)独立主格结构。
动词-ing形式作状语,有时可以有自己独立的 ,这种结构称为
,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。
(2)有些动词-ing形式作状语,在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为 。常见的有:generally/strictly/frankly speaking、 judging from、 considering、 supposing、 providing等。
逻辑主语
独立主格结构
评注性状语/悬垂分词
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
① (judge) from his accent, he must come from Guangdong.
② (consider) his limitations, he did a very good job.
③Snow (melt), the whole village is full of happy children.
Judging
Considering
melting(共28张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 按要求完成下列各题
(A)选出与黑体单词在句中含义对应的英语释义。
( )1. The last decade of the eighteenth century was a time of great social change.
( )2. The hotel was full so we had to go elsewhere.
( )3. Bob took his savings out of the bank to buy a bicycle.
( )4. She sends her daughter to the kindergarten every day.
( )5. She and I are colleagues, and we work in the same company.
D
A
C
E
B
A. at, in or to some other places
B. a person with whom one works, especially in a job or business
C. money that you have saved, especially in a bank, etc.
D. a period of ten years
E. a school for children aged two to five
(B)在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义。
1. When a thing is rare, it is precious( ).
2. The majority( ) means the largest part of a group of people or things.
3. The teacher responded( ) yes to the question that student put forward.
珍贵的
大多数
回复;回答
4. She won a scholarship( ) to go to university.
5. In case of diabetes(糖尿病), physicians[ ] advise against the use of sugar.
6. He tried to join the army but was rejected( ) because of poor health.
7. They have appointed( ) a new head teacher at my school.
8. The doctors of the college clinic( ) were very busy in the afternoon.
9. An election( ) is the process in which people vote to choose a person or a group of people to hold an official position.
10. She was forced to retire( ) early from teaching because of her illness.
奖学金
(内科)医生
拒绝接受;不录用
任命;委派
诊所;门诊部
选举;推选
退休
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示补全短语
1. carry sb 帮助某人渡过难关
2. of 代替;而不是
3. be as 被雇用为……
4. in of 需要
5. tend 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
6. play a in ... 在……方面起关键作用
7. for关怀;照料
8. be for 对……负责
9. ... as ... 把……当作……
10. one’s own 属于某人自己的
through sth
instead
hired
need
to do sth
key role
care
responsible
treat
of
Ⅲ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. He poured a few drops of the (宝贵的) liquid into the glass.
2. The two families forbade the (婚姻) between Thompson and Nancy.
3. Though some suggested presenting Johnson as a candidate, the
(大多数人) seemed to be for Jones.
4. He (抱怨) that he couldn’t find a job anywhere.
5. I asked him his name, but he didn’t (回答).
6. All our suggestions were (拒绝) out of hand.
7. We must (选派) a new teacher as soon as possible.
precious
marriage
majority
complained
respond
rejected
appoint
8. The school’s teaching (全体职员) are excellent.
9. Each side declared that it would never abandon its (原则).
10. He was hard-working and (精力充沛的).
Ⅳ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子
1. 对一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的。
To a person nothing their life.
2. 从这番话我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界,以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
These words give us the heart of this amazing woman, and what a life of hard choices.
staff
principle
energetic
is more precious than
a look into
carried her through
3. 我宁愿慢慢欣赏这本书。
I enjoy reading this book slowly.
4. 屠呦呦是中国第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。
Tu Youyou is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in China.
5. 作为医生,我们必须对患者负责,视他们如家人。
As doctors, we should the patients and treat them as our family members.
would rather
the first woman to receive
be responsible for
Step 1: Read “MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES” and then look at the pictures in the text.
1. Can you guess what the text is about
2. Why is Dr Lin called the “mother of ten thousand babies”
It’s about a woman who chose to serve the women and children.
Because she delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
Step 2: Read the text and fill in the table below. You can do this with your partner and tell each other your reasons for your answers.
Time Dr Lin’s choice Personality
At age 18 To study medicine 1.
Eight years
later 2. Devoted and professional
In 1941 To be director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital and open 3. Unselfish and hard-working
Time Dr Lin’s choice Personality
4. To be a member of the first National People’s Congress Responsible and careful
In 1983 Died without children and left her savings to the world 5.
Determined
To be a resident physician
a private clinic
In 1954
Well-known and memorable
Step 3: Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1. Why did Dr Lin choose to study medicine
A. She didn’t want to marry a man.
B. Her mother’s death affected her a lot.
C. She would rather stay single.
D. Her brother gave her tuition fees.
答案:
2. What was Dr Lin like
A. Independent and unselfish. B. Intelligent and funny.
C. Helpful but unsuccessful. D. Kind but pitiful.
答案:
B
A
3. What do we know about Dr Lin
A. She was a traditional woman in her times.
B. She made her life choices according to her own heart.
C. She made great contributions to education of China.
D. She devoted all her life to caring for the old and children.
答案:
4. How is the story developed
A. By following time order. B. By giving examples.
C. By comparing facts. D. By listing numbers.
答案:
B
A
推断结论
我们阅读故事或者文章时,需要对人物、时间、观点和其他一些细节进行推断。所谓推断的结论,就是指对所读的内容进行仔细思考后形成的观点或做出的决定。为了能够准确地推断出结论,我们需要认真思考文章中的事实和细节,然后将这些事实和细节结合起来综合分析。
在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想做推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,我们需要分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. carry sb through sth
【观察思考】
These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(教材第16页)
从林巧稚医生的这番话,我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界,以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.
他请求我们帮他完成计划。
Please carry on as usual while I am away.
我不在的时候,请照常干。
They just carried out the order as told.
他们只是按命令行事。
【探究总结】
(1)carry sb through sth
(2)carry through sth
(3)carry 继续
(4)carry 执行
帮某人渡过难关
成功完成,顺利实现
on
out
【应用实践】
单句语法填空(用适当的介词或副词填空)。
①If you carry working like that, you’ll make yourself ill.
②His courage will carry him the difficulty.
③Sometimes it’s easy to make plans but difficult to carry them .
on
through
out
2. majority
【观察思考】
At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine. (教材第16页)
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了学医。
The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.
多数人赞成这个建议。
The majority of students are against the plan.
大多数学生反对这个计划。
He was elected by/with a large majority.
他以大多数票当选。
Among all the members, those who favour the plan are in the/a majority.
所有成员中赞成这个计划的人占大多数。
【探究总结】
(1)majority意为: (反义词为minority)。
(2)majority的主谓一致。
①the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用 。
②“the/a majority of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用 。
③“the/a majority of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
大部分;大多数
单复数均可
复数
(3)相关搭配:
① a majority以多数票
② the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
【应用实践】
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确短语。
① (大多数) doctors agree that smoking is closely connected to lung cancer.
②Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work (占大多数).
by/with
in
The/A majority of
are in the/a majority
3. complain
【观察思考】
“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!”her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. (教材第16页)
“女孩子读那么多书干吗 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
He never complained about/of working overtime.
他从来不因加班而抱怨。
He complained that the exam was too hard.
他抱怨考试太难了。
She complained to me of his rudeness.
她向我抱怨了他的粗鲁。
【探究总结】
(1)complain vi.&vt. 抱怨;发牢骚
其常见搭配:
①complain (to sb) sth (向某人)抱怨某事
②complain (to sb) that ... (向某人)抱怨某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨,诉苦
complaint about/against sb/sth 对某人/某事的抱怨/投诉
about/of
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①The police received several (complain) about the noise from the party.
②I wish to complain the washing machine that I bought last month.
③What we need is not complaints each other but understanding of each other.
complaints
about/of
about/against
4. scared
【观察思考】
She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. (教材第17页)
她在面试中是如此害怕,以至于完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
I was scared to death when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.
当我看到有人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我怕得要死。
My sister is scared to take a plane.
我的妹妹怕乘坐飞机。
Don’t be scared of snakes.
不要怕蛇。
He was scared of letting us down.
他怕让我们失望。
【探究总结】
(1)scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌的
①be/feel scared to death
②be scared to do sth
③be scared of sb/sth
④be scared of doing sth
⑤be scared (that)从句 害怕……
吓得要死
害怕做某事
害怕某人/某物
害怕做某事
(2)scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi. 受惊吓
scare ... away/off把……吓跑
(3)scary adj. 令人恐惧的,恐怖的(用于描述事物)
The little girl got scared by the scary film, which made her scared of going home alone.
小女孩被恐怖电影吓坏了,这使得她害怕独自回家。
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①To be a brave man, you should not be scared danger.
②Seeing the fire spreading in the building, she was too to cry for help.(scare)
③The fierce tiger scared him death, but he succeeded in scaring it
.
of
scary
scared
to
away/off
5. 否定词+比较级(+than)
【观察思考】
To a person nothing is more precious than their life ... (教材第16页)
对一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的……
This could give her no greater pleasure.
这使她再高兴不过了。
She is more careful than any girl in her brother’s class.
她比她哥哥班里的任何女孩都细心。(不同范围比较)
She is more careful than any other girl in her class.
她比她班里的其他女孩都细心。(同范围比较)
【探究总结】
(1)“否定词+比较级(+than)”表示最高级的含义,意为“ ”。
有此类用法的否定词有:no/not/never/hardly/nothing/nobody等。
(2)比较级表示最高级含义的其他结构:
①比较级+than+any+单数名词(不同范围比较)
②比较级+than+any other+单数名词(同范围比较)
③比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
④比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
⑤比较级+than+anybody/anyone/anything else
⑥比较级+than+any of the others
没有什么(比……)更……
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don’t.
—I couldn’t agree . Confidence is really important.
②I have read a more interesting novel.
③There is nothing (good) than the simple and pure power of breathing.
more
never
better(共33张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
1. trip over
【观察思考】
One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.(教材第20页)
其中一个女人被石头绊倒,水罐也摔到地上。
Be careful not to trip over these roots, which are difficult to see under all these leaves.
当心别被那些树根绊倒,它们埋在这些树叶底下不容易发现。
The boy unintentionally tripped the teacher up.
那个男孩无意中绊倒了老师。
【探究总结】
(1)trip over
(2)trip up把……绊倒;绊了一下
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Remove the bike from the road because someone might trip it.
②He tripped the pickpocket by the heels.
被……绊倒
over
up
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①她被一把椅子绊倒了。
She .
②如果你不当心,你会被石头绊倒的。
You’ll if you don’t mind out.
tripped over a chair
trip over the stone
2. in tears
【观察思考】
She picked herself up and limped away in tears. (教材第20页)
她从地上爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
Seeding in tears, harvesting in joy.
含泪播种,快乐收获。
A tear rolled down his face.
一滴眼泪沿着他的面颊流了下来。
He ran to the wounded soldier and tore his shirt open.
他跑到伤员面前,撕开了他的衬衫。
Don’t pull the pages so hard, or they will tear.
别那么使劲扯书页,那会撕破的。
【探究总结】
(1)in tears
(2)tear n.
(3)tear v.撕裂;撕碎;扯破;戳破。过去式和过去分词分别为tore和torn。
流着泪;含着泪
眼泪;泪水
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Most of us were tears by the time he’d finished his story.
②I left there in (tear). My life changed forever.
③I (tear) my jeans on the fence yesterday.
④Two pages had been (tear) out of the book.
in
tears
tore
torn
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①她眼含泪水离开了房间。
She .
②小女孩已经眼泪汪汪了。
The little girl .
③今天早上我把大衣撕破了。
I this morning.
④汤姆撕开信,急切地读了起来。
Tom and read it anxiously.
left the room in tears
was already in tears
tore my coat
tore the letter open
3. in despair
【观察思考】
The king was in despair. (教材第20页)
国王陷入了绝望。
Seek victory in failure, seek hope in despair.
在失败中寻找成功,在绝望中寻求希望。
She let out a cry of despair.
她发出了绝望的叫声。
She has despaired deeply.
她已深为绝望。
We’ve despaired of him; he can’t keep a job for more than six months.
我们对他已经感到失望了,他做什么工作都不能超过六个月。
【探究总结】
(1)in despair
(2)despair n.
(3)despair vi. 绝望;感到无望
despair of对……绝望;对……感到失望;对……失去信心
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①It is likely that he will give up despair.
处于绝望中
绝望
in
②Don’t despair success; where there’s a will, there’s a way.
③She has despaired of (complete) the work on time.
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①他绝望地放弃了斗争。
He gave up the struggle .
②我绝望了,我觉得我失去了一切。
and felt I had lost everything.
③他们对比赛得胜不抱希望。
They the game.
of
completing
in despair
I was in despair
despaired of winning
4. harm
【观察思考】
Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm (教材第20页)
难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
A robot may not injure a human being, or allow a human to come to harm.
机器人不得伤害人类或允许人类受到伤害。
The storm did great harm to the corn.
这次风暴对庄稼损害很大。
The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.
他们给他的治疗对他弊多于利。
He means no harm by saying what he thinks, but people tend to be upset by it.
他想到什么就说什么,并无恶意,但人们听了心里总是不舒服。
We should keep all drugs out of harm’s way.
我们应该把所有的药品都放在安全的地方。
There is no harm in writing down your name on the form.
在表格里写下你的名字不会有什么坏处。
【探究总结】
(1)harm n.伤害;损害
①come to harm 受到损害;遭遇不幸
②do sb/sth harm=do harm sb/sth 对……有危害
③do more harm good弊大于利
④mean no harm 无恶意
⑤out of harm’s way在安全的地方
⑥there is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害(反而带来某些好处)
(2)vt.伤害;损害
to
than
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①His failures did a lot of harm his reputation.
②If we join in, it may do more harm good.
③I believe you mean no (harmful).
④There is no harm (point) out his mistakes.
to
than
harm
pointing
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①小孩跌倒了,但是没伤着。
The child fell over but .
②这项运动带给小孩子的坏处似乎多于好处。
This sport seems to to little kids.
③很抱歉,但我并没有恶意。
I’m sorry about that, but I .
④看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。
Watching TV too much your eyes.
⑤听取他们的建议是无害的,但你要设定自己的目标。
taking their advice, but you should set your own goals.
came to no harm
do more harm than good
meant no harm
does harm to
There is no harm in
5. a great deal (of) 大量
【观察思考】
After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. (教材第20页)
费了好大一番工夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
I was a great deal surprised.
我非常吃惊。
He ran a great deal faster than I.
他跑得比我快多了。
At the end of the year there was a great deal to do.
年底有很多事要做。
I’ve heard a great deal about him.
我听说了很多关于他的情况。
I have done a great deal in the last few months.
在过去的几个月里我做了很多事情。
She spends a great deal of money on clothes every year.
她每年在服饰方面花费不少钱。
A great/good many words and expressions have come into the language from American English.
这门语言吸收了美国英语中的许多词汇和表达。
【探究总结】
(1)a great/good deal of意为“ ”,在句中作定语,只能修饰不可数名词。
(2)a great deal意为“非常;很;……得多;大量地”,相当于副词作程度状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词及比较级。
(3)a great/good deal意为“大量;很多”,相当于代词,在句中作主语或宾语。
【名师点津】
(1)修饰可数名词的词或短语有:(a good/great) many、 a (large/great) number of、 scores of、 many a等。
(2)修饰不可数名词的词或短语有:much、 a great deal of、 an amount of等。
(3)既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的短语有:a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of、 a large quantity of 等。
大量
【应用实践】
(1)翻译句子。
①He travelled a great deal by coach.
②The doctor did a great deal for the patient, so he is a great deal better now.
③A great deal has been studied and this is the best way.
④The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in the streets.
⑤A great deal of water is needed.
他乘坐长途汽车做过不少旅行。
医生为病人做了大量工作,因此病人现在好多了。
经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。
街上的汽车排出很多废气。
需要大量的水。
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①他非常喜欢游泳。
He likes to .
②他知道的比我多得多。
He knew than I did.
③从这本书上我学到了很多。
I’ve this book.
④我有大量的工作要做。
I have to do.
⑤他每天喝很多水。
He drinks every day.
swim a good deal
a great deal more
learnt a great deal from
a great deal of work
a great deal of water
6. neither ... nor ...
【观察思考】
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. (教材第20页)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
She can neither sing nor dance.
她既不会唱也不会跳。
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.
他既没有去看望她,也不会去看望她。
【探究总结】
neither ... nor ... 意为“ ”,对两者都予以否定,与之相对的是both ... and ...,意为“两者都……”。
Both Tom and Mary are middle school students.
汤姆和玛丽都是中学生。
She can both sing and dance.
她能唱会跳。
Lu Xun is famous both at home and abroad.
鲁迅在国内外都很有名。
【名师点津】
neither和nor都是否定意义的词,位于句首连接句子时,句子应用部分倒装语序。
既不……也不……
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Neither dad nor mum at home today.
②Both dad and mum at home today.
③Neither was the price satisfactory, nor the colour agree with me.
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①你和他都不对。
Neither you nor he .
②他既不是来自美国也不是来自英国。
He is neither from America .
③我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞。
I have an umbrella.
is
are
did
is right
nor from Britain
neither a raincoat nor
如何写寓言故事评论
寓言是用比喻性的故事来寄托意味深长的道理,同时给人以启示的文学载体,有着丰富的思想内容或深刻的人生哲理。一般篇幅较小,语言精练,具有鲜明的讽刺性和教育性。对寓言的评论一般包括以下三点:
(1)寓言故事的基本信息,如题目、故事梗概等。
(2)针对寓言故事的分析,如作者的写作目的等。
(3)针对寓言故事的观点或想法,如你很欣赏或不赞成故事中的哪一点,你是否会把这则寓言推荐给你的朋友等。
回顾本单元及以前学过的关于介绍一个寓言故事的文章,总结一下写一篇评论常用的表达。
1.词汇
寓意:
share joys and sorrows, be in harmony with, get along/on with,
make up with, lend a hand, the real meaning of life, serve the
people, take on responsibility
评价:
aggressive, energetic, striving spirit, open-minded, innovation,
willpower/persistence, withstand challenges, widen one’s knowledge
2.句型
背景描述:
(1)The fable tells/shows us that ...
(2)The fable goes that ...
(3)The moral of the fable is that ...
(4)The story indicates that ...
(5)What we learn from the fable is that ...
寓意描述:
(1)The fable tells us a truth that knowledge comes from practice.
(2) The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.
(3)We can learn from the fable that where there is a will, there is
a way.
整体评价:
(1)To begin with, “No pains, no gains” should always be our
motto in our life and work.
(2)Only those who are hard-working and brave enough to
encounter difficulties of all sorts are most likely to reach the
summit of success.
(3)We should embrace positive attitudes and behave confidently.
(4)Only through persistent pursuit can we be able to make
progress and development.
请阅读下面这则寓言,并按照要求用英语写一篇文章。
On a sunny day a shepherd(牧羊人) walked his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them tied to each other just in case they should go separately. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separate directions. Unfortunately the rope fastening(系牢) them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled,neither was able to reach the grass in front of them.
The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle,and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other side.
(1)用大约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容;
(2)用大约80个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法,内容包括:
①从这则寓言中,你获得了哪些启示;
②结合该寓言给你的启示,谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。
【审题谋篇】
1.审题
本文是一篇议论文,要求写一篇寓言故事评论;时态以一般现在时为主;人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。
2.谋篇布局
The fable shares a story about two sheep with readers, both of whom chose cooperation rather than competition in order to eat the grass on both sides of the path.
In fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may lead to different results. As an old saying goes, unity means strength. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them do not. Cooperation can create a win-win situation, where/in which both sides can benefit by/from the virtue of joint efforts.
In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my best to assist them in return. It is teamwork that helps us win numerous victories.
【范文赏读】
假定你是李华,请你给学校英语报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论。包括以下内容:
(1)故事梗概;
(2)内容分析;
(3)个人观点。
注意:
1.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Kong Rong Gives Up the Biggest Pear is a story of virtue.
When Kong Rong was four years old, he and his older brothers were asked to pick a pear from a basket. Everyone got their pear, and Kong Rong picked the smallest one. He said respecting the elders was the principle of life.
The author wants to educate us to learn to respect the elders, to know how to share, and not to be selfish. The story is short and the thread is clear, and it serves its purpose of educating the people.
I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. (共11张PPT)
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
语篇类型 1. 记叙文:人物小传“MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES”。
2. 寓言故事: THE STONE IN THE ROAD。
3. 其他类型:音频、视频、图片等
语言知识 语音 升调(The rising intonation)
主题词汇
道德品质:moral virtue dilemma precious entrust principle passive
人生故事:marriage majority complain tuition fees respond response
scholarship hire rejection election decade elsewhere tend to do sth retire
saving kindergarten scared sharp pass away chairman in memory of
pregnant despair in despair income tension
医护职场:faint carry sb through sth physician colleague appoint clinic tend
staff insurance energetic replace operation first aid waitress
事故描写:illustrate publish accident whisper midnight import export bite
chain disguise spill trip over limp in tears harm might court flexible
语法 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
语篇 书评、影评的语篇结构
语言知识
语用 讲故事的常用语
连接词/短语:once upon a time long ago first of all then after that later finally
so however although but
常用句型:I remember this happened when I was ... I was on my way to ...
I was sitting ... when ... It was a ... day/morning ... There were ... on the street ...
文化知识 1. 了解不同文化背景下人们所共同推崇的道德观念与美好品质,如善良、敬业、无私、诚信等;
2. 学习理解儒家“仁义礼智信”的思想,树立正确的道德观和价值观,自觉遵守和践行中华美德,为传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化而努力
语言技能 1. 根据说话人的语调、语速判断其态度;
2. 通过阅读文章的事实和细节得出相关结论;
3. 能够根据时间顺序或事件发展的先后次序来讲故事;
4. 理解视频所传达的意义;
5. 能够写一篇寓言故事的评论
学习策略 1. 根据说话人的语调和用词,推断其态度和意图;
2. 利用语篇衔接手段,有逻辑地组织信息,有条理地讲故事
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. He has the virtue( ) of being a good listener.
2. She is well known for her generosity( ),because she often treats us to coffee.
3. Morals( ) are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong behaviour.
4. The doctor was in a dilemma( ) whether he should tell the parents the truth.
美德;优秀品质
慷慨,大方
道德
进退两难的境地;困境
5. If you exaggerate( ), you say that something is worse or more important than it really is.
6. The young soldier fainted( ) in the hot sun and came back to life in hospital.
7. When I saw their gloomy( ) faces, I knew something was wrong.
8. I had a bad experience( ) with fireworks once.
9. No one would like to help us, but he volunteered( ) to give us a hand.
10. An essay( ) is a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of study.
夸大,夸张
昏倒
沮丧的,无望的
经历
主动提供,自愿效劳
文章;短文
Ⅱ. 给下列句子选择合适的答语
1. Jean, can you bring me the newspaper ( )
2. You will finish the work, won’t you ( )
3. Could you please turn down the music ( )
4. Why not help her with her schoolwork ( )
5. Sam, I was chosen for an exchange programme in Canada. ( )
6. Alex got fired. ( )
7. I’m terribly sorry I kept you waiting for so long. ( )
8. Do you think those two will get along with each other ( )
9. So which festival do you like best ( )
10. Did you enjoy the holiday ( )
C
A
B
H
E
G
D
F
J
I
A. Yes, I will.
B. I’m sorry. Is it disturbing you
C. OK, wait a minute.
D. Never mind.
E. Wow, congratulations!
F. Yeah, you can count on it.
G. How come He is devoted to his work. That’s unfair!
H. Good idea.
I. No, I didn’t.
J. I like the Mid-Autumn Festival best.
Pronunciation: Listen and repeat.
英语语音中的语调
1. wh-词who、 which、 what、 how、 when、 where、 why引导的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调,但含义是不同的。如:
A: John has a new English teacher.
B: Who
如果B用降调,A便会明白,B想知道谁是John的新英语老师。而A的回答很可能是:John的新英语老师是……
然而,如果B用升调,A会知道,B对谁有一位新英语老师不清楚。而A做出的回答应是:我说的是John。
2. 陈述句一般读降调,用以陈述事实。若读升调,往往表示对所说事情的怀疑。如:
She lent him her car. ( )(用以陈述事实)
She lent him her car ( )(表示怀疑,含有“Did she really lend her car to him ”之意)
3. 问句不表示疑问的一种情况:当一方提出一个问题,而另一方用问句作为回答时,这个问句有时是不需要回答的,实际上相当于陈述句,但别有意味。如:
A: Are you going to watch TV again
B: What else is there to do ( )
B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do ”,意思是:(除了看电视)还有什么可做的呢
有些一般疑问句也不需要回答,其功能也相当于陈述句,而且传递了说话人强烈的情绪。如:
W: Haven’t you got anything better to do ( )
M: OK, Mum. I’ll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework.
显然,妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视,而应该做比看电视更有益的事——也就是说,妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做。而对话中,儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思,因此说要关掉电视,开始做作业。
英语有五种基本语调:升调( )、降调
( )、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。
一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning) 之外还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义,就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或语气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完整的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。
