(共15张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式(Ⅰ)
一、用法回顾
1. 动词不定式作宾语
【观察思考】
Your father at last decided to stop smoking.
He decided not to be late again.
I find it impossible to change her idea.
We’re talking about how to solve the problem.
【探究总结】
(1)动词不定式具有名词的特征,可以作动词的 语,常与不定式连用的动词有: afford负担得起、agree同意、decide决定、determine决定、expect期望、hope希望、manage设法做、refuse拒绝、want想要、aim 打算、wish希望、offer提供、pretend 假装、intend 打算、promise 答应、mean 打算、prepare准备、prove证明、fail 失败,等等。
(2)动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式 加not。
(3)如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语,常用 作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
(4)不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语,而是需要加上 词,except、but除外。
宾
前
it
wh-
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①我多么希望再有一天的假期啊!
How I wish !
②她答应九点来。
She promised at nine o’clock.
③她就如何减肥给我提出了许多建议。
She gave me lots of advice on weight.
④你认为掌握一门外语有必要吗
Do you a foreign language
to have another day off
to come
how to lose
think it necessary to master
2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
【观察思考】
Parents want their children to develop fully.
Did you see him enter the house
He was seen to enter the room.
【探究总结】
(1)有些动词接 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的有:advise建议、allow允许、ask问、cause引起、command命令、direct指导、encourage鼓励、expect期望、forbid禁止、invite邀请、order命令、permit 允许、persuade劝说、request要求、teach 教、tell告诉、want想要、beg乞求、force强迫,等等。
(2)有些感官动词和使役动词后接 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。常见的有:see、watch、hear、feel、notice、observe、look at、listen to、make、let、have等。但这些词用于 语态时,to不能省略。
带to
不带to
被动
巧记感官动词和使役动词
一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),三让(let, make, have),五看(see, watch, notice, look at, observe)。
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①我们都期待你本周末来。
We all expect this weekend.
②说服爸爸戒烟很难。
It’s hard to persuade dad .
③我听见我的邻居把门锁上了。
I the door.
④本周末我要让所有的朋友都来。
I will have over this weekend.
you to come
to give up smoking
heard my neighbour lock
all my friends come
二、新知透析
1. 动词不定式短语作定语
【观察思考】
I am always the first person to get to the office.
I can’t think of any good advice to give her.
Could you lend me a pen to write with
She has realised her dream to become a doctor.
【探究总结】
(1)不定式短语作定语要放在所修饰词的 。
(2)不定式短语和它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的 关系,即被修饰词是不定式短语的逻辑主语。
(3)不定式短语和它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的 关系,即被修饰词是不定式短语的逻辑宾语。作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,其后须有与之搭配的介词。
(4)不定式短语补充说明它所修饰的名词或代词的内容,相当于 语。
后面
主谓
动宾
同位
动词不定式短语作定语表示将来特定某一次;动词
-ing形式作定语和被修饰词构成主动关系;过去分词作定语和被修饰词构成被动关系。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
The girl reading English over there is my sister.
The house bought last year is worth a fortune.
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①我是唯一听到这个消息的人。
I am the news.
②我正在找房子住。
I’m looking for .
③他有一个出国的机会。
He has .
the only one to hear
a house to live in
a chance to go abroad
2. 动词不定式短语作状语
【观察思考】
To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning.
He ran fast in order to get there in time.
I am sorry to have to trouble you.
He woke up only to find everybody gone.
【探究总结】
(1)不定式短语作 状语可以单独放在句首、句中或有时为了强调可用
或so as to。
(2)不定式短语作 状语,常用在sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad 等表示情感的词后面。
(3)不定式短语作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,常用于“enough ... to”
“ ” “too ... to”句式中。
目的
in order to
原因
only to
动词不定式短语、动词-ing形式短语与过去分词短语作状语的区别:
①不定式短语在句中常作目的状语或结果状语。
②动词-ing形式短语作状语时,与其逻辑主语是主动关系。其一般式表示与主句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,其完成式表示在谓语动作之前发生。
③过去分词短语作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或与之同时发生,即常表示被动和完成。
To do good work, we must have proper tools.
“You can’t catch me!” Jane shouted, running away.
Taken to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.
【应用实践】
(1)一句多译。
我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。
①We’ll hold a meeting the unhealthy lifestyle.
②We’ll hold a meeting / the unhealthy lifestyle.
③ the unhealthy lifestyle, we’ll hold a meeting.
(2)单句语法填空。
①His wife was shocked (see) how her neighbours treated their children.
②He is too young (go) to school.
to discuss
in order to discuss
so as to discuss
In order to discuss
to see
to go(共29张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. This is an invention for the good of all mankind( ).
2. Devoted to her career, she has no desire( ) to become a wife and mother.
3. He was determined( ) to do it even at the risk of being laughed at.
4. He was disappointed( ) because he had not performed well in the Olympics.
人类
渴望;欲望
有决心的
失望的;沮丧的
5. A red lamp is often used as a danger signal( ).
6. Now I’d like to tell you something about my part-time job this summer vacation, in which I worked as the guide in a travel agency( ).
7. In outer space, the gravity( ) is so weak that the food will float around.
8. This old man lived far away from his children and led an independent
( ) life.
9. He leapt( ) out of the chair, which surprised me greatly.
10. The way the planets move is not what you have observed if Earth is the centre of the universe( ).
信号
代理处
重力
独立的
跳跃
宇宙
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示补全短语
1. carry 继续做;坚持干
2. board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
3. sure确保;确信;查明;弄清楚
4. go 出毛病
5. look 仰望;查阅
6. in the hope doing sth 抱着……的希望
7. lead 导致
8. as to (do sth) 为了;以便
9. believe 信仰;信任
10. focus 集中于
on
on
make
wrong
up
of
to
so
in
on
Ⅲ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. Seldom in my life have I met so (意志坚定的) a person.
2. We didn’t have much patience waiting for the (发射).
3. Her motivation for writing was a (渴望) for women to get the right to higher education.
4. It took him a couple of years to finish the (巨大的) statue.
5. (卫星) are an important part of our ordinary lives.
6. We gave them some questionnaires for collecting (数据).
determined
launch
desire
giant
Satellites
data
7. There was a (失望的) look on her face when she saw the result.
8. Only in this way can they grow up to be (独立的) and become truly successful.
9. A red light is a (信号) of danger, which is even known to a five-year-old child.
10. It was Einstein who changed people’s view of the (宇宙).
disappointed
independent
signal
universe
carry on, on board, make sure, focus on, go wrong, look up,
in the hope of, lead to, be determined to, so as to, believe in,
make progress, for example
Ⅳ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
1. Absorbed in writing a letter, he didn’t even when I came in.
2. All the people were killed in the accident.
3. He often oils the machine to it can perform smoothly.
4. He closed the window keep warm.
5. Work hard and yourself and you’ll succeed one day.
look up
on board
make sure
so as to
believe in
6. There is no doubt that the increase in demand the rise in prices.
7. In my view, we Chinese are supposed to our traditions and take in different cultures as well.
8. Listening to music can help us in different ways; , light music can make us relaxed and fall asleep quickly.
9. They will continue their research finding what works best without damaging the hair.
10. At first, the radio did work for some time, but ten minutes later.
11. I think it is a good way to in Mandarin.
12. His eyes slowly began to what looked like a small dark ball.
13. We defend our motherland at all costs.
leads to
carry on
for example
in the hope of
went wrong
make progress
focus on
are determined to
Step 1: Look at the title “SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER” and the pictures in the text.
Can you guess what the text is about
It is about space exploration, including successes and accidents.
Step 2: Read the text and fill in the table.
Time Nation Event
4th October
1957 1. The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched.
12th April
1961 the USSR Yuri Gagarin became the 2. person in the world to go into space.
20th July
1969 America Neil Armstrong stepped onto the 3. .
5th September
1977 America America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study 4. .
2003 China China became the 5. country to send humans into space.
23rd July
2020 China Tianwen 1 was sent to 6. the surface of Mars.
From 2021
to 2022 China China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own
7. .
2022 China The launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic 8. of the Tiangong Space Station.
the USSR
first
moon
deep space
third
explore
space station
completion
Step 3: Read the text again and choose the best answers.
1. When did the first man step onto the moon
A. In June. B. In July.
C. In September. D. In December.
答案:
B
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. All the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions.
B. Everyone was disappointed with these disasters.
C. Despite the huge risks, people still carry on exploring space.
D. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.
答案:
C
3. What does “It”(sentence 5 in paragraph 4) most probably refer to
A. The Mengtian module. B. Shenzhou 7 spacecraft.
C. Jade Rabbit. D. Tianwen 1.
答案:
4. How does the author support the theme of the text
A. By giving examples.
B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By providing research results.
答案:
D
A
寻找主题句,概括主旨大意
1.主题句在段首
主题句常常在一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。说明文、议论文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式。
2.主题句在段尾
有的主题句放到段落的末尾,先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,将主题引向高潮,最后的句子起到总结作用,从而形成强有力的结论。
3.主题句在段中或隐含
还有的主题句在段中间或隐含在文中,成为段落语义的核心。对于隐含的主旨大意,考生要通观全文进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. determined
【观察思考】
However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. (教材第40页)
然而,科学家们下定决心要实现这个梦想。
He was determined that the same mistakes would not be repeated.
他决心不再重蹈覆辙。
We determine to fulfill the task, whatever happens.
不管发生什么,我们决心完成任务。
I have determined on/upon setting up my own business after graduation.
我已决定毕业后开办自己的公司。
【探究总结】
(1)determined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的
①be determined sth 决心做某事(表状态)
②be determined ... 决心……
(2)determine vt.&vi. 查明;确定;决定
①determine sth 决心做某事(表动作)
②determine (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
to do
that
to do
on/upon
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①I have determined working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
②He determined (travel) no farther that night.
(2)句型转换。
As they were determined to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.
→ the job on time, they set out to work immediately.
on/upon
to travel
Determined to complete
2. disappointment
【观察思考】
However,while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. (教材第41页)
然而,尽管这样的悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望,探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。
I was disappointed that we played so well yet still lost.
我们打得这么好可还是输了,我很沮丧。
He was disappointed to find they had missed the flight.
他失望地发现他们已经错过了航班。
He was disappointed at the disappointing news, so there was a disappointed look on his face.
听到这个令人失望的消息他很失望,因此他脸上流露出失望的表情。
【探究总结】
(1)disappointment n. 失望;沮丧
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是……
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
(3)disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的
①be disappointed at/with/about sth
对某事感到失望
②be disappointed ... 对……感到失望/沮丧
③be disappointed to see/hear/ 看到/听到/发现……感到失望
(4) adj. 令人失望的
that
find
disappointing
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
The news that he failed the exam made him very . To our , he decided to drop out of school because of this failure. (disappoint)
(2)一句多译。
让我们失望的是,他考试没及格。
① , he failed the exam.
②That he failed the exam .
③ was that he failed the exam.
④We his failing the exam.
disappointing
disappointed
disappointment
To our disappointment
made us disappointed
What disappointed us
were disappointed at/about/with
3. desire
【观察思考】
I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
我有一种强烈的渴望去拿那个玩具玩,但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbours.
我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处。
We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
我们渴望立刻给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们救援。
【探究总结】
(1)desire n. 渴望;欲望
①have a strong desire sth 迫切想要做某事
②have a strong desire for sth 急于想得到某物
(2)desire vt. 渴望;期望
①desire sth 渴望做某事
②desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
③desire that ... sth 渴望……做某事
to do
to do
(should) do
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①He has a desire success though he has failed many times.
②He desires you (go) to see him at once.
(2)一句多译。
他希望赢得这场比赛。
① (desire v.)
② (desire n.)
③ (desire that ...)
for
to go
He desired to win the game.
He had a desire to win the game.
He desired that he (should) win the game.
4. carry on
【观察思考】
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材第41页)
这是因为哪怕风险巨大,人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.
如果你继续那样开车的话会出事故的。
In my opinion, the plan should be carried out immediately.
依我看来,那项计划应该立刻实施。
It was a difficult project, but we carried it off.
虽然工程很艰巨,但是我们成功地完成了。
【探究总结】
(1)carry on ( ) sth 继续(做)某事
(2)carry 执行
(3)carry 成功地完成;赢得;获得(奖项)
(4)carry through 实现;完成;帮助……渡过难关
【应用实践】
用适当的介(副)词填空。
①After his death, his children will certainly carry his career.
②His strong determination carried him his illness.
③The universal two-child policy has been carried .
doing
out
off
on
through
out
5. signal
【观察思考】
In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. (教材第41页)
2022年“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。
She signaled that she was about to turn left.
她打信号灯表示她要向左转弯。
My mother is signaling to me to remove the table.
我妈妈在示意我将桌子移开。
When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic signals.
当过十字路口时,你应该注意交通信号灯。
【探究总结】
(1)signal vt.&vi. 标志着;标明;发信号
①signal (sb) 示意(某人)……
②signal (to) sb sth 示意某人做某事
③signal sth to sb 向某人示意某物
(2)signal n. 信号;标志
交通信号灯
that
to do
traffic signals
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①用餐者示意服务员把菜单拿来。
The diner the menu.
②她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。
She everything was all right.
signaled to the waiter to bring
signaled the other girls that
6. the+序数词+名词+动词不定式
【观察思考】
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. (教材第40页)
之后, 苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日, 尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
She was the cleverest person to finish the job.
她是完成这项工作的最聪明的人。
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
【探究总结】
(1)“the+序数词+名词+动词不定式”意为“第几个做某事的人或物”。当名词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,多用 作后置定语。
(2)一些名词后常用不定式作 语,常见的名词有time、way、reason、chance
(机会)、right(权利)、courage(勇气)等。
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①他是第三个到达山顶的人。
He is the third one of the mountain.
②那是解决那个问题的最好方法吗
Is that the best way
动词不定式
定
to get to the top
to solve the problem(共32张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
1. argue
【观察思考】
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.(教材第44页)
一部分人认为,我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
The boy argued with his teacher about his homework.
那个男孩因为作业与老师争执了起来。
But there are many people who argue for changing their jobs.
但是有许多赞成换工作的人。
It is very difficult to argue against the use of this drug.
反对这种药物的使用十分困难。
The children had an argument about what game to play.
孩子们为玩什么游戏发生了争吵。
【探究总结】
(1)argue vt.&vi. 论证;争辩;争论
①argue sb和某人争辩或争论
②argue about sth 争论某事
③argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事
④argue that 争辩……;主张……;认为……
with
⑤argue 为支持……而争辩;赞成;支持
⑥argue 为反对……而争辩;不赞成;据理反对
⑦argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做某事/不做某事
(2)argument n.
①have an argument with sb 与某人争论/争吵
②have an argument about/over sth 为某事争论/争吵
③an argument for/against 支持/反对……的论据/理由
for
against
争论;争吵;论点
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Tom has been arguing his brother about where they should go for their holidays.
②Robert argued reducing his pocket money every month.
③Most workers argued an increase in their salaries.
④It’s no use (argue) with me about the matter.
⑤You should solve the problem by (argue), not by fight.
with
against
for
arguing
argument
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①我们不要为钱争论了。
Let’s not money.
②在这篇文章中,我将做出一些进一步的解释,并为其中之一进行论证。
In this article, I will make some further explanations, and one of them.
③他反对这个建议。
He the suggestion.
④我终于说服他不要去做这样危险的旅行。
I finally going on such a dangerous journey.
⑤我们试图说服她加入我们帮助无家可归者的行列。
We tried to us in helping the homeless.
argue about
argue for
argued against/is against
argued him out of
argue her into joining
2. result in
【观察思考】
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. (教材第44页)
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
Positive thinking and action result in success.
积极的思想和行动会带来成功。
The traffic jam resulted from bad weather.
交通阻塞是由坏天气造成的。
【探究总结】
(1)result in意为“ ”,主语为原因,宾语为结果。
(2)result from意为“ ”,主语为结果,宾语为原因。
导致;造成
由于;因为;由……产生
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Our effort resulted success.
②The failure resulted his laziness.
③A powerful typhoon hit our town, (result) in great damage.
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①他的伟大发现源于他对科学的决心和献身精神。
His great discovery / his determination and devotion to science.
②压力和疲劳常常导致注意力不集中。
Stress and tiredness often / / a lack of concentration.
in
from
resulting
resulted from
lay in
result in
lead to
contribute to
3. limited
【观察思考】
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. (教材第44页)
看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
My life is limited, but learning is limitless.
我的生命是有限的,而知识是无穷的。
We must limit the expenses to 1,000 yuan a month.
我们必须把开支限制在每月1 000元。
Don’t take it for granted that natural resources can be used without limit.
不要理所当然地以为自然资源是取之不尽,用之不竭的。
【探究总结】
(1)limited adj.
①limited time/space有限的时间/空间
②limited company 有限责任公司
(2)limitless adj.
(3)limit v.&n. 限制
①limit sth to 将某事物限制在……范围内;把某事物限定在……
②set a limit to ... 为……设置一个限制/极限
③within (the) limits 不超出限度;在限度之内
④without limit 没有限制;无极限
(4)limitation n. 限制;能力上的不足
有限的
无限制的;无界限的
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①Time is (limit), so we must get down to work now.
②Henry is a man of (limit) ability, so the manager won’t allow him to take charge of the department.
③The universe is becoming bigger all the time, so it is (limit).
④I know my (limit), so I won’t do the things beyond my ability.
⑤The organization committee set a limit the number of each delegation.
limited
limited
limitless
limitations
to
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①完成这项任务的时间有限。
There is to finish the task.
②一个人能做的事是有限度的。
There is a what one person can do.
③另外,文化冲击不仅限于海外游客。
What’s more, culture shock the overseas visitors.
④我们将把我们的谈话限定在10分钟之内。
We will ten minutes.
limited time
limit to
is not limited to
limit our talk to
4. provide for sb
【观察思考】
In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. (教材第44页)
为了满足快速增长的人口需求,科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。
The project is designed to provide young people with work.
该项目旨在为年轻人提供工作。
The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for/to guests.
这家旅馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。
Health insurance will provide against loss of income if you become ill.
如果你生病了,健康保险将为你提供收入损失保险。
【探究总结】
(1)provide for sb
(2)provide sb sth 把某物提供给某人;为某人准备某物
(3)provide sth for/to sb 为某人提供某物;为某人准备某物
(4)provide against准备……以防(不测)发生
【易混辨析】
(1)provide sb with sth/supply sb with sth/offer sb sth为某人提供某物;为某人准备某物
(2)provide sth for/to sb/supply sth to sb/offer sth to sb 把某物提供给某人;为某人准备某物
提供生活所需
with
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①My father provides our family by working in an IT company.
②We must provide the needs and safety of all passengers.
③After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodations the homeless families.
④I don’t think the experiment is a failure, because it has provided us valuable experience for future tests.
⑤We should try our best to provide the return of bird flu.
for
for
for/to
with
against
(2)句型转换。
①Sheep provide us with wool.
→Sheep provide wool us.
②We are here to provide a service for the public.
→We are here to provide the public a service.
③Parents should provide their children with a good education.
→Parents should a good education to their children.
for/to
with
supply/offer
5. in closing
【观察思考】
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. (教材第44页)
总而言之,太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。
Ladies and gentlemen, in closing, let me just say this: Do not lose hope.
女士们,先生们,最后,我只想说:不要放弃希望。
The closing ceremony is going to be held on March 25th.
闭幕式将于三月二十五日举行。
It’s great to get close to nature.
亲近大自然真好。
【探究总结】
(1)closing n. 停业;关闭;倒闭 adj. 结尾的;结束的
①in closing
②closing day 停业日
③closing date 截止日期
④closing time (酒店、餐馆、商店等)打烊时间;停止营业时间
⑤closing ceremony 闭幕式
(2)be/get close to靠近;接近
最后
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
①And closing, I find your command of the English language is very good!
②The (close) date for the application is April 30th.
③At the (close) ceremony, they gave us a wonderful performance.
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①最后,白日梦可以帮助你更好地了解自己。
, daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.
②别靠近那条狗,因为它很凶。
Don’t the dog, because it is fierce.
in
closing
closing
In closing
get close to
6. 动词-ing形式作主语
【观察思考】
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. (教材第44页)
首先,太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
Breathing became more difficult as we climbed higher.
我们爬得越高,呼吸就会越困难。
It’s no use talking to her.
和她说没有用。
It’s a waste of time arguing with him.
和他争吵简直是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(抽象)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)
【探究总结】
(1)动词-ing形式作主语时,多表示抽象、泛指的动作。
(2)形式主语 有时可以代替动词-ing形式短语作主语,主要是在It is no use/good/fun doing sth、It is a waste of time doing sth和It is worthwhile doing sth等句型中, 强调事物的性质、特征等。
it
【名师点津】
(1)不定式常在句中作主语,不定式表示的动作意义较强,往往是具体的一次性动作;动词-ing形式作主语表示的动作意义很弱,往往是经常性、习惯性的动作,比较抽象。
(2)当用it作形式主语时,除了几个特定的句型外,多代替的是不定式形式。
【应用实践】
(1)单句语法填空。
① (collect) information about children’s health is his job.
②It is no use (wait) for him any longer.
③It’s necessary (discuss) the problem with an experienced teacher.
Collecting
waiting
to discuss
(2)根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①吃太多的脂肪不好。
It’s no good .
②到达那里花了我们两个小时。
It took us two hours .
③我们很难在半小时内完成这篇作文。
It is difficult for us in half an hour.
④你假装不知道规则是没有用的。
that you didn’t know the rules.
eating too much fat
to get there
to finish the composition
It’s no use pretending
如何写观点类议论文
议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张的一种文体,要求作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来确定某一观点是否正确,肯定或否定某种观点或主张。正反观点对比类议论文是从正反两个方面说明某个观点,进而表达自己的看法。
写此类文章时,要做到要点完整、条理清晰、层次分明,以使文章有条理。在写作时,常使用一般现在时。此类文章的结构一般为:引语(提出问题)→正方观点及论据→反方观点及论据→结论(个人看法)。
回顾本单元及以前学过的关于观点类议论文的文章,总结一下此类文章常用的表达。
1.词汇
辩论:
支持:
反对:
个人观点:
argue, debate, opinion, have a heated discussion
be for, in favour of, agree with
be against, hold an opposite opinion, disagree with
in my opinion/view, as far as I am concerned, from my point of
view
2.句型
开头:
We had a debate about/on ...
We have different opinions about/on ...
Different people hold different opinions.
People have taken different attitudes towards ...
Some people think that ... However, others disagree with it.
Some people believe/argue that ... while some hold the opposite
opinion.
The reasons are as follows.
Recently the problem of ... has been brought into focus.
Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
People may have different opinions on ...
There are different opinions among people as to ...
Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
正方观点:
Some are for/in favour of the idea that ... They think that ...
People who are for the idea think that ...
I quite agree with the statement that ...
反方观点:
Some of them hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion.
People who are against it don’t think so.
Some people argue that ...
People who are against the idea think that ...
个人观点:
As for me, I agree with the former/the latter.
最近,你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况,并谈谈自己的看法。
观点 太空值得探索 太空不值得探索
理由 1.已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。
2.农民受益良多 1.离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远。
2.浪费金钱
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
1.审题
本文是一篇议论文,要求介绍关于是否应该进行太空探索的讨论情况;时态以一般现在时和现在完成时为主;人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。
2.谋篇布局
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion whose topic is whether space is worth exploring.
Some students think space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. However, others think space is worth exploring, because exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger by collecting the latest data and recommending it to the farmers. People have benefited a lot from it.
Personally, I am in favour of space exploration. We may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
【范文赏读】
目前,城市里越来越多的人养宠物,对此《中学生英语报》组织了一场讨论:城市内是否可以饲养宠物。请你根据下表所提供的信息,介绍讨论的情况,并说明自己的观点和建议。
支持饲养宠物 反对饲养宠物 你的观点
1.安慰孤寡老人。
2.与动物和谐相处,增添生活乐趣 1.造成环境污染。
2.制造吵闹声,甚至伤人 ……
注意:
(1)词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Recently, we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities.
Some students think it’s a good idea to keep pets because old people who live alone can get some comfort from pets. Besides, getting along well with animals will make our life interesting. On the contrary, the other students are against the idea. In their opinion, if too many people keep pets at home, it will be bad for the environment. What’s worse, pets may make too much noise and even attack people.
I like animals, so I don’t think it’s bad to keep pets at home. But we must take some measures to prevent them from polluting our environment. (共9张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
语篇类型 1. 说明文:SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER;
2. 议论文:IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
3. 其他类型:音频、视频、图片等
语言知识 语音 重读和节奏
主题词汇
心情感受:disappointment disappointed desire keen
灾难后果:fatal result in as a result run out
辩论用语:otherwise argue argument shallow current closing in closing
生活用品:vehicle jade soap towel microwave tissue facility foam pillow smartphone
天文知识:gravity orbit universe solar solar system globe oxygen
能力品质:mental intelligent determined determine independent muscle lack sufficient
机构职能:agency transmit data carry on recycle pattern analysis high-end resource limited provide for sb
宇宙探索:astronaut procedure rocket frontier satellite launch giant leap mankind on board spacecraft spacewalk module signal in the hope of doing sth so as to (do sth) float beyond figure out monitor regularly regular mystery attach
语法 动词不定式(Ⅰ)
语篇 辩论报告的语篇结构
语言知识
语用 表达好奇:
I’d love to know ... I wonder how/what/why/... Well, I’d really like to find out ...
I’d particularly like to know ... I’m very keen to know ... I wish to know ...
I’m most curious about ... I’m most interested to discover ...
I hope you won’t mind me asking about ...
文化知识 了解太空探索的发展和取得的成就,充分认识太空探索的意义,积累天文百科知识,提高科学素养
语言技能 1. 在听的过程中获取数字信息;
2. 从语篇中提取主要信息和观点,归纳主旨大意;
3. 借助词语和句式表达自己的好奇心;
4. 看视频并把握事件的顺序;
5. 写一篇关于太空探索的辩论报告
学习策略 1. 利用图表等梳理信息并学会复述;
2. 学会表达观点并将其运用到写作中
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. On Sunday, September 28th, 2008, three Chinese astronauts
( ) landed safely back on Earth.
2. Playing table tennis is beneficial to both physical and mental
( ) health.
3. All human beings are much more intelligent( ) than animals.
宇航员;太空人
精神的;思想的
有智慧的;聪明的
4. What’s the procedure( ) for applying for a visa
5. As is known to all, good eyesight is a requirement( ) for airplane pilots.
6. Children are always curious( ) about the things around them.
7. He had hopes of being selected( )for the national team.
8. With three pieces of modern equipment( ), our work was finished ahead of time.
步骤;程序;手续
必要条件;要求
好奇的
选拔
设备
Ⅱ. 写出下列句中重读的单词
1. Give him some more.
2. I’m sorry I’m late again.
3. She has gone for a walk in the park.
4. The office is open every other day.
5. The others must wait in the classroom for a while.
Give; him; more
sorry; late; again
She; walk; park
office; open; other
others; wait; classroom; while
Pronunciation: Listen and repeat.
【探究训练】 找出以下句子须重读的单词
1. Turn on the light.
2. They walked in the dark.
3. She wants a pound of sugar.
4. He left his work without a word.
5. You are a lovely boy.
6. Who is she
7. They are afraid of the dog.
8. I like swimming.
9. The streets are wide and clean.
10. I am so glad to see you again.
11. I’m going to the market to buy something to drink.
答案:
1. Turn; light 2. walked; dark 3. wants; pound; sugar
4. left; work; without; word 5. lovely; boy 6. Who
7. afraid; dog 8. like;swimming 9. streets; wide; clean 10. so; glad; see; again 11. going; market; buy; drink
通常情况下,英语句子中需要重读的词包括:名词(含专有名词)、动词、形容词、大多数副词、数词、动词-ing形式、过去分词、双音节介词、疑问词、指示代词等,而不需要重读的词主要是:冠词、代词、be动词、单音节介词、连词、助词、关系代词和关系副词等。不过,在某些情况下,为了表达特定的意义,一些通常无须重读的词也会出现重读。
