2024年中考英语复习语法-形容词和副词课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
初中英语语法
形 容 词 和 副 词
一、形容词
01
用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以 a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice
形容词的作用，见下表：
注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。
例如：Don’t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
形容词用来修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不
定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
You’d better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：
（1）冠词或人称代词 （2）数词 （3）性质 （4）大小 （5）形状 （6）表示老少，新旧 （7）颜色 （8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：
His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
形容词名词化：
有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：
The young should take good care of the old.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
The rich never help the poor in this country.
在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。
表示数量的词组。
如：
One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the
professor.
有一天，一位 25 岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。
I live in a building about fifty meters high.
我住在一做大约 50 米高的大楼里。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。
如：They are the students easy to teach.
他们是很容易较的学生。
We live in a house much larger than yours.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
else 要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：
Did you see anybody else
你看到别的人了吗？
以-ly 结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively， ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily
二、副词
02
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置：
1） 在动词之前。
2） 在 be 动词、助动词之后。
3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词 well，badly 糟、坏，hard 等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
1.多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：
We are living happily.
我们幸福的生活着。
2.时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
They went to the park yesterday morning.
昨天上午他们去公园了。
注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：
Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。
3.频度副词一般放在 be 动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前
如：He is seldom ill.
他很少生病。
注意：有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：
Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。
程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词
时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：
That’s quite early.那很早。
I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。
She did rather badly.她干得相当糟。
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词 be 或助动词之后。如：
She seldom goes out at night.
她晚上很少出门。
I am never late for school.
我上学从不迟到。
We had hardly got to the station when the train left.
火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：
When can you come
你什么时候来？
How many days are there in a month
一个月有多少天？
What are you going to do when you grow up
张大以后，你打算干什么？
关系副词 when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：
Tell me the reason why you did it.
把你这样做的理由告诉我。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。
如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
明天会议将在教室里举行。
注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：
late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.
Open your mouth wide.
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
03
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：
1) 符合规则的：
2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用 so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2）当 as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters
可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3）以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
many,old 和 far
1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和 elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.
the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
和 more 有关的词组
1) the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A 与其说 A 不如说 B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less… than… 与……一样……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than 不只是，非常
She is more than kind to us all.
练习
04
1.He is ________ friends than I.
A. much more
B. many more
C. very more
D. too more
解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many 的比较级形式为 many more 修饰。 应选 B.
B
2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia
A. more developed
B. more developing
C. most developed
D. most developing
解析：两者比较用比较级，表示“发达”用 developed, 而developing 是 “发展中的”意思
A
3.There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little
B. few
C. fewer
D. less
C
解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选 C.
4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.
A. too
B. so
C. instead
D. yet
解析：instead 作副词用时意为“代替，顶替”， 表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。Instead 一般位于句首。应选C
C
5．He can’t tell us ________, I think.
A. important anything
B. anything important
C. important something
D. something important.
解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything 而不是 something. 因此应选 B
B
6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
A. long
B. longer
C. longest
D. the longest
解析：“定冠词 the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 “ 表示“第几大……” 应选 C.
C
7. The light in the office wasn’t ________for him to read.
A. enough bright
B. bright enough
C. brightly
D. enough brightly
解析：enough 修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时，要后置。应选 B.
B
8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn’t _________hurt.
A. luckily, badly
B. luck, hardly
C. Lucky, heavily
D. Lucky, strongly
解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词 hurt 也要用副词， 因此选 A.
A
9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
A. close
B. open
C. closed
D. opened
解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选 C.
C
10. Five days has passed , but I haven’t finished half of the work.
________,
A. already
B. still
C. too
D. yet
解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already 常用于肯定句， 而 yet 常用与否定句。应选 D.
D
感谢观看
Thank you