高二英语开学摸底考试卷 01（上海专用）
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．The man may need to re-evaluate his priorities.
B．The man should deal with the urgent matters first.
C．The man has failed to take care of the urgent matters.
D．The man should keep track of everything using a to-do list.
【答案】A
【原文】M: I’m so tired of always feeling so rushed.
W: Maybe the problem is that you’ve mistaken what’s urgent for what’s important.
Q: What does the woman imply
2．
A．The man didn’t intend to make the woman unhappy.
B．The man thought the woman was being unreasonable.
C．The man believed the woman had misunderstood him.
D．The man wanted to say something upsetting to the woman.
【答案】A
【原文】W: It’s not a very good feeling when your tolerance has been taken for granted again and again.
M: I’m sorry that I’ve made you feel that way. The last thing I want to do is to upset you.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
3．
A．The woman was a new customer of the garage.
B．The woman called to make a complaint about the garage’s service.
C．The woman hadn’t expected the maintenance service to take so long.
D．The woman was satisfied with the improvement in the garage’s service
【答案】C
【原文】M: Good morning, I’m with Road Buddy Garage. Were you satisfied with our service yesterday, Ma’am
W: I’m afraid there’s much room for improvement. Five hours for some regular maintenance was not reasonable.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
4．
A．Press the button of every floor.
B．Take another lift down to the 7th floor.
C．Ask the woman which floor she’s going to.
D．Stay in the same lift to go down to his floor.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Oh no, I forgot to press the button. I should’ve gotten off at the 7th floor.
W: Don’t worry. One more floor and you will be going down.
Q: What is the man probably going to do next
5．
A．He had a worthy trip.
B．He didn’t enjoy the trip.
C．The trip was too exhausting.
D．The trip took him by surprise.
【答案】A
【原文】W: How do you feel now that you’re back from your trip
M: My legs are the sorest they’ve ever been, but it feels like I have renewed perspective.
Q: What does the man mean
6．
A．The size of the electric vehicle market.
B．A new trend in the car making industry.
C．The very profitable business of making cakes.
D．How manufacturers profit from making electric cars.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Why does everyone seem to be joining the electric vehicle race
M: Honestly, I’m not surprised. It’s just too big a cake to pass up.
Q: What are the two speakers talking about
7．
A．Listen to folk music at home. B．Watch a live performance.
C．Appreciate a dance show on TV. D．Go to an exhibition of works of art.
【答案】B
【原文】W: I enjoyed the folk song and dance show on TV last night. I thought they were very artistic.
M: I’m glad you appreciate folk music. But a live performance is much more interesting.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
8．
A．She hopes he can stop reading. B．She will tum it off at once.
C．She is reluctant to turn it down. D．She thinks reading is not important.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Linda, turn down the stereo a bit, I’m trying to read.
W: That’s my new record, Dad. Don’t you like it
Q: What does the woman mean
9．
A．Customer and tailor. B．Customer and bank clerk.
C．Customer and waitress. D．Customer and repairman.
【答案】A
【原文】M: The sleeves seem a bit too long. I can’t possibly accept it.
W: I can have them altered. Would you wait for a moment, please
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
10．
A．Night flights are available to him. B．He can’t get any direct nights.
C．He has missed the night he wanted. D．Direct nights have been delayed.
【答案】A
【原文】M: We want a flight leaving before next Wednesday.
W: I’ll look at the timetable for you. I’m sorry, but there aren’t any direct flights available before next Wednesday except night flights.
Q: What does the woman mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Admiration for one’s own appearance.
B．A need for popularity.
C．A need to belong to a group.
D．A love for photography.
12．A．Women are more likely to be famous.
B．Men are more eager to be seen as popular.
C．Man tends to post selfies more often.
D．Women use editing software more frequently.
13．A．Photos have to be looked at.
B．Cameras are mostly used for selfies.
C．Clicking “like” doesn’t necessarily mean photos have been seen.
D．It is the same experience as traditional one.
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．C
【原文】
A selfie is a photograph that one has taken of oneself. People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to narcissism. Narcissists are people who think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.
There are other reasons, besides narcissism, that people post selfies. People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group.
There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software. But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women who posted selfies.
Selfies should not be seen as completely negative. Some people feel “peer pressure” to post selfies. and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience, it did not really happen.
Posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years.
On trips and special events, our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos. Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. On social media, it is a different experience. People can decide not to look at photos of their friends and family-even if they click “like or even ”love“ under the Facebook selfie.
Questions:
11. What is the main reason for a selfie
12. How different are men posting selfies from women posting selfies
13. Which of the following is true about selfies on social media
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．The benefits of walking. B．The importance of keeping fit.
C．The way of forming a habit. D．The possibility of excising regularly.
15．A．Because it needs much thinking.
B．Because people needn’t concentrate on it.
C．Because it is suitable for everyone.
D．Because people can improve their memory.
16．A．It is the easiest way to lose weight. B．It can be made part of people’s life.
C．It prevents people suffering from cancers. D．It can make people’s hearts stronger.
【答案】14．A 15．B 16．C
【原文】
W: Left foot, right foot, left foot, right foot… you can travel fast or slow. The movement of your feet gets you where you need to go. But it also gets you so much more! Walking is a basic, simple exercise that’s suitable for almost everyone.
Walking helps you in many ways. First it makes you heart stronger. Studies show regular walking reduces your chance of heart disease. Walking quickly for 30 minutes a day also helps control high blood pressure. It can reduce your chance of developing some cancers, too.
Want to lose weight You need to burn 600 more calories each day than you eat. Walking is the easiest way. As people age, their brains don’t work as well .One in14 people over 65 suffers from memory loss. Older people who walk six miles or more per week keep their brains in better shape.
Walking helps your mental health, too. Putting one foot in front of the other isn’t difficult. You don’t have to think about it, so you can concentrate on other things.
You can make walking part of your day. Instead of parking near your house, park a distance away and walk. Instead of taking the elevator, walk. Make walking a habit, and see how it makes you feel.
Questions：
14. What’s the topic of the passage
15. Why is walking good for people’s mental health
16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about walking in the passage
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．An employee in the city council at Birmingham.
B．Assistant director of the Admissions Office.
C．Head of the Overseas Students Office.
D．Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.
18．A．Nearly 50% are foreigners.
B．About 15% are from Africa.
C．A large majority are from Latin America.
D．A small number are from the Far East.
19．A．She will have more contact with students.
B．It will bring his capability into fuller play.
C．She will be more involved in policy-making.
D．It will be less demanding than her present job.
20．A．The woman has worked as director.
B．The woman has been doing the same job for the last 10 years.
C．The woman has been doing different jobs for the last 10 years.
D．The woman has done the same type of things.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
【原文】M: Sarah, you work in the admissions office, don’t you
W:Yes, I’ve been here for ten years as assistant director.
M: Really What does that involve
W: Well, I’m in charge of all the admissions of postgraduate students in the university.
M: Only postgraduates
W: Yes, postgraduates only. I have nothing at all to do with undergraduates.
M: Do you find that you get particular-sort of...different national groups I mean, do you get large numbers from Latin America or...
W: Yes. Well, of all the students enrolled last year, nearly half were from overseas. They were from African countries, the Far East, the Middle East, and Latin America.
M: Em. But have you been doing just that forthe last 10 years, or, have you done other things
W: Well, I’ve been doing the same job. Er, before that, I was secretary of the medical school at Birmingham, and further back, I worked in the local government.
M: Oh, I see.
W: So I’ve done different types of things.
M: Yes, indeed. How do you imagine your job might develop in the future Can you imagine shifting into a different kind of responsibility or doing something...
W: Oh, yeah, from October 1, I’ll be doing an entirely different job. There’s going to be more committee work. I mean, more policy work, and less dealing with students, unfortunately — I’ll miss my contact with students. (Now listen again, please!)
Questions:
17.What is the woman’s present position
18.What do we learn about the postgraduates enrolled last year in the woman’s university
19.What will the woman’s new job be like
20.What can we learn form the conversation
II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A
Indoor vs outdoor exercising: Which is more productive
People tend to lean heavily on the gym when it comes to exercise. The gym is just an easy concept: you go and the machines are right there. You get the workout done and you leave. But maybe that’s the problem.
Is it better for your body, health and fitness goals to work out in the open air 21 conditions vary It depends on so many factors, but the short answer is yes: Science says it is, in fact, better to exercise outdoors.
Take running, for example. In a study 22 (look) at runners who covered the same distance on a treadmill (跑步机) and outdoors, the group that ran inside were said 23 (consume) less energy than the outside group. This is because of terrain changes and wind speed, which you don’t face in the controlled climate of gym. Your body 24 work harder, and thus you burn more calories.
Another consideration that 25 (make) exercising outside tougher, specifically in warmer months, is temperature. In most gyms, the air conditioners are blowing during the open hours to keep a cool and comfortable environment, meaning you’re consuming less energy and sweating less than you would if you were doing the same activity in the great outdoors.
In addition, a systematic study on the effects of physical activity outside in a natural environment versus indoors revealed the fact 26 among people doing the same activity, the outdoor exercises showed “greater feelings of refreshment and positive engagement; decreases in tension, confusion, anger and depression; and 27 (increase) energy” afterward.
28 many advantages, working outside has its limitations. From changeable weather to safety concerns, it’s not always 29 option. The bottom line Switch up your workout and get outside as much as you can, but don’t bother about it if the gym is a 30 (practical) choice for you. Doing any workout is amazing for your body and health.
【答案】
21．where 22．looking 23．to have consumed 24．has to 25．makes 26．that 27．increased 28．Despite 29．an 30．more practical
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章针对室内锻炼以及室外锻炼哪种形式更有益于健康的问题，旗帜鲜明地提出了观点：室内锻炼更有益于健康。
21．考查定语从句。句意：在条件不同的户外锻炼对你的身体、健康和健身目标更好吗？分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：the open air，因先行词在从句中作状语指地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项针对在跑步机上和户外跑同样距离的跑步者的研究中，据说在室内跑步的那一组比在室外跑步的那组消耗的能量更少。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语study之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填looking。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，be said to do为固定短语，含义为“据说……”，因动词不定式表示的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，使用动词不定式的完成式，故填to have consumed。
24．考查情态动词。句意：你的身体必须更加努力地工作，从而燃烧更多的卡路里。根据上文“This is because of terrain changes and wind speed, which you don’t face in the controlled climate of gym.(这是因为地形变化和风速，而在健身房的受控气候下，你不会面临这些变化。)”可知，在户外锻炼的时候，身体不得不要应对这些条件，可推理出空白处应填表示“不得不”含义的情态动词，又因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式，故填has to。
25．考查时态。句意：另一个让户外锻炼更困难的因素是温度，尤其是在温暖的月份。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，从句谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因定语从句的主语that指的是先行词another consideration，为单数，从句谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式，故填makes。
26．考查同位语从句。句意：此外，一项关于自然环境下户外体育活动与室内体育活动效果的系统研究表明，在进行同样活动的人中，户外运动表现出“更大的提神和积极参与感；紧张、困惑、愤怒和抑郁情绪减轻；能量增加”。分析句子结构，这是一个包含同位语从句的复合句，先行词为：fact，因先行词在同位语从句中不做成分，使用连接代词that引导同位语从句，故填that。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语energy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填increased。
28．考查介词。句意：尽管有很多优点，但在外锻炼也有其局限性。根据上文“many advantages(很多优点)”以及下文“working outside has its limitations(在外锻炼也有其局限性)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，空白处应填表示“尽管”含义的介词，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
29．考查冠词。句意：从多变的天气到安全问题，这并不总是一种选择。分析句子结构，因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为元音，故填an。
30．考查形容词的比较级。句意：改变你的锻炼方式，尽可能多地外出，但如果健身房对你来说是一个更实用的选择，就不要为此烦恼。根据上文“the gym(健身房)”可知此处是要把室内锻炼和室外锻炼进行比较，空白处应填形容词的比较级，故填more practical。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．advantageous B．programming C． fashion D．fueled E．advanced F． sacrifice G．capped H． habitually I．appetite J．likelihood K． unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to 31 tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what 32 our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic 33 compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be 34 to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mass means slower acceleration and a(n) 35 in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey—when our ancestors were 36 eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles—our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the 37 of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being 38 fat didn’t increases an individual’s chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more 39 there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing 40 for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker’s The End of Craving
【答案】
31．C 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．F 36．H 37．J 38．K 39．E 40．I
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要从进化的角度上分析了人类与食物热量的关系。
31．考查动词。句意：相反，我们投入时间做让我们成为人类的事情：我们开始制作工具、搭建结构、分享故事、创造神话和玩游戏。空处应用动词。根据空后的tools并结合常识可知，在人类进化过程中，能够制作工具具有重要意义。fashion意为“制作，使成形”。空前有不定式符号to，所以这里应用动词原形。故选C。
32．考查动词。句意：热量为我们的大脑提供了能量。根据空后的“our big brains”可知，热量给大脑提供能量。空处应用动词。fuel“给……提供燃料，增强”，根据上下文时态可知，这里应该用过去式fueled。故选D。
33．考查名词。句意：仅仅因为我们需要热量并不意味着我们的基本编程会迫使我们过度消耗热量，因为需要氧气也不会迫使我们永远过度换气。空处应用名词，作mean后面从句中的主语。根据上文“Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence.(我们富含热量的饮食并没有增强我们的进食欲望，它让我们摆脱了食物的束缚。)”可知，富含热量的饮食让人类摆脱了食物的束缚，但没有增强人类的进食欲望，由此可知，我们人类的基本编程不会强迫我们过渡摄入热量。programming意为“编程”，为不可数名词。故选B。
34．考查形容词。句意：是的，在饥荒时期携带额外的热量可能是有利的，但这是对我们进化历史过于简单化的假设。空处应用形容词，在句中作表语。根据句中的“in time of famine”可知，在饥荒时期携带额外的热量可能有好处。advantageous意为“有好处的，有利的”，为形容词。故选A。
35．考查名词。句意：对于进化中的灵长类动物来说，更大的体重指数意味着加速会减缓和牺牲快速改变速度和方向的能力。空处应用名词，和and前的slower acceleration一起作means的宾语。根据上文中的“carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages”可知，体重过高有坏处，所以这里是说体重过高会牺牲快速改变速度和方向的能力。sacrifice意为“牺牲，舍弃”。故选AC。
36．考查副词。句意：回到当我们还是猎物的时候——当我们的祖先习惯性地被大型猫科动物、蟒蛇甚至鹰吃掉的时候——我们灵活地启动、停止和转身的能力对生存至关重要。空处应用副词，修饰谓语动词。根据句中的“when we were prey”并结合常识可知，当人类还是其他动物的猎物时，会经常性地被其他动物吃掉。habitually意为“惯常地”，为副词。故选BC。
37．考查名词。句意：携带过多的脂肪也会增加受伤和死亡的可能性，这是由于维持更大身体所需的力量和负荷。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词，作increases的宾语。根据空后的“of injury and death”可知，这里是说脂肪过多会增加受伤和死亡的可能性。likelihood意为“可能，可能性”，为不可数名词。故选CD。
38．考查副词。句意：用进化适应度的简单运算来说，不必要的肥胖并不会增加个体遗传基因的机会。空处应用副词，修饰形容词fat。根据上文中的“Carrying too much fat”可知，这里是在讨论脂肪过多的坏处，所以这里是说不必要的肥胖。unnecessarily意为“不必要地，多余地”，为副词。故选ABC。
39．考查形容词。句意：随着我们更加进步，有更多的理由避免过度放纵。空处应用形容词，作表语。根据下文中的“Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species.(食物必须与部落的其他成员共享，然后是村庄，然后是城镇，尤其是与儿童共享，与其他物种相比，儿童对成年人资源的依赖将持续很久。)”可知，人类逐渐有了部落、村庄、城镇，所以这里表示人类进化得更加高级。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”。故选AB。
40．考查名词。句意：否则，如果我们真的是对卡路里永不停止的欲望的奴隶，人类早就灭绝了。空处应用名词，作介词to的宾语。根据空后的“for calories”和前面的“slaves”可知，这里表示对卡路里的欲望。appetite意为“食欲，胃口，强烈欲望”。故选BD。
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Probably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn’t always read like “normal” English. It’s a natural and reasonable 41 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 42 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 43 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At the same time, there was no real standardization in English. Formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 44 did not exist, and proper education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect- or perhaps because of it- English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 45 .
So how can a reader today 46 that gap between then and now There are two critical areas to 47 : word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 48 . First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. While many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage. 49 , when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle) Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 50 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used within a different meaning in Shakespeare’s works. Grammar is where the 51 of Shakespeare English is often most apparent. Parts of speech are frequently 52 , such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always 53 . Even sentence construction can be 54 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 55 we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.”
41．A．accusation B．appreciation C．direction D．oppression
42．A．alterations B．improvements C．incidents D．specifics
43．A．contacted B．exposed C．led D．linked
44．A．arguably B．essentially C．roughly D．simply
45．A．gave way B．kept track C．took advantage D．took pride
46．A．avoid B．bridge C．embrace D．widen
47．A．address B．deal C．learn D．undertake
48．A．accessible B．easy C．qualified D．unchanged
49．A．Above all B．By contrast C．For example D．In other words
50．A．download B．edition C．medium D．recollection
51．A．achievement B．confusion C．flexibility D．mixture
52．A．commanded B．excluded C．substituted D．switched
53．A．agree B．connect C．guarantee D．neglect
54．A．independent B．pitiful C．tricky D．unique
55．A．Before B．Providing C．Since D．While
【答案】
41．A 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．C 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是莎士比亚作品里的英语的特点。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个自然而合理的指控。A. accusation指控；B. appreciation感激，欣赏；C. direction方向；D. oppression压迫。根据上文“it doesn’t always read like “normal” English”可知，人们阅读莎士比亚作品时会抱怨，是对莎士比亚作品的一种指控。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：四个世纪给它们带来了很多变化。A. alterations变化；B. improvements提高；C. incidents事件；D. specifics细节。根据上文“word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time”可知，单词的含义和表达在相对较短的时间内都会有很多变化，那么四个世纪当然会给单词的含义和表达带来很多变化。故选A。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：文艺复兴和英国作为海上强国的地位使英语接触到越来越多的文化和语言。A. contacted联系；B. exposed使遭受；C. led带领；D. linked联系。根据下文“the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages”可知，此处表示“英语接触到越来越多的文化和语言”。故选B。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：正式的字典和语法教科书根本不存在，适当的教育更多地侧重于古典拉丁语，而不是口语英语。A. arguably可论证地；B. essentially本质上；C. roughly粗略地，大约；D. simply仅仅。根据下文“did not exist”可知，那个时候正式的字典和语法教科书根本不存在，simply not意为“根本不”。故选D。
45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在这种忽视——或者可能正因为如此——伊丽莎白统治时期的英语有一定的灵活性，莎士比亚利用了这一点。A. gave way赠送；B. kept track跟踪；C. took advantage利用；D. took pride感到骄傲。根据上文“English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it”可知，伊丽莎白统治时期的英语有一定的灵活性，莎士比亚应该是利用了这一点。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，今天的读者如何才能跨越过去和现在之间的鸿沟呢？A. avoid避免；B. bridge跨越；C. embrace拥抱；D. widen加宽。根据下文“that gap between then and now”可知，是跨越这个鸿沟。故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个关键的方面需要解决：词汇用法和语法。A. address解决；B. deal处理；C. learn学习；D. undertake从事。根据上文“So how can a reader today ____6____ that gap between then and now”可知，要跨越过去和现在之间的鸿沟，需要解决词汇用法和语法。deal with意为“处理”，分析句子可知用及物动词address符合题意。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你理解了这些基本概念，莎士比亚就变得更容易理解了。A. accessible可理解的；B. easy简单的；C. qualified有资格的；D. unchanged不变的。根据上文“Once you understand these fundamental concepts”可知，一旦你理解了词汇用法和语法的基本概念，莎士比亚就变得更容易理解了。故选A。
49．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，你最后一次听到有人使用bodkin (穿孔工具)、contumely (辱骂) 或fardel (捆绑) 等词是什么时候？A. Above all首先；B. By contrast相比之下；C. For example例如；D. In other words换句话说。下文“when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle)”是举的例子，故选C。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一本有详细脚注的好版本和一本好字典会对你有帮助。A. download下载；B. edition版本；C. medium媒介；D. recollection回忆。根据下文“with detailed footnotes”可知，有详细脚注的是一个好的版本。故选B。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：语法是莎士比亚英语灵活性最明显的地方。A. achievement成就；B. confusion困惑；C. flexibility灵活性；D. mixture混合物。根据下文“Parts of speech are frequently ____12____, such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always ____13____. Even sentence construction can be ____14____, with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order”可知，莎士比亚英语中的语法很灵活。故选C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：词性经常转换，例如名词或形容词变成动词。A. commanded命令；B. excluded排除；C. substituted代替；D. switched转换。根据下文“nouns or adjectives becoming verbs”可知，名词或形容词变成动词，这是词性经常在转换。故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：动词和主语并不总是一致的。A. agree一致；B. connect连接；C. guarantee保证；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“Grammar is where the ____11____ of Shakespeare English is often most apparent”可知，语法很灵活，所以动词和主语并不总是一致的。故选A。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是句子结构也可能很棘手，因为基本的主-动-宾顺序颠倒了。A. independent独立的；B. pitiful可怜的；C. tricky难对付的，棘手的；D. unique独一无二的。根据下文“with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order.”可知，基本的主-动-宾顺序颠倒了，所以句子结构也可能很棘手。故选C。
55．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们会说“John caught the ball”，莎士比亚会说“John the ball caught”或“The ball John caught”。A. Before在……之前；B. Providing假如；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。根据下文“we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.””可知，虽然我们会说“John caught the ball”，莎士比亚会说“John the ball caught”或“The ball John caught”。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Out of London Tours
Stratford, Oxford, Christ Church and the Cotswolds with Lunch
Length of time
About 10 hours
Days of operation
April 2009 to March 2010—Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday
This tour starts at 8:45 am and finishes at around 6:30 pm
Description
* Oxford
Enjoy the magnificence of Oxford! Well-known for over 900 years as a centre of academic excellence. Follow in the footsteps of its famous students, from Bill Clinton to Lewis Carroll. Uncover the university town of Oxford at a leisurely and relaxing pace.
* Christ Church
Lights, camera, action! A treat for all Harry Potter fans—see where many scenes from the films have been shot! Wonder at the magnificence of Christ Church, including the Great Hall which Hogwarts Hall is based upon.
* Cotswolds
Discover the fascinating Cotswolds! Full of history and heritage(历史遗留物), the Cotswolds is a charming combination of breathtaking natural beauty, busy market towns and sleepy villages.
Lunch in the Cotswolds
Treat yourself in a traditional English pub(酒吧) and admire the charm of this old wool town. The lunch will be taken in the Cotswolds village of Burford.
* Stratford
Shakespeare’s birthplace
A market town with a difference! Visit Shakespeare’s Birthplace, the half-wooded house, where the world’s greatest writer was born, to gain a fascinating insight into his childhood.
Anne Hathaway’s Cottage
Satisfy yourself with an eye-opening experience at the childhood home of William Shakespeare’s wife! Wander around the half-wooded house and its eye-catching surroundings.
Price guide
Adult: 74.00
Child (3—18): 64.00
Senior citizen / College student: 69.00
56．The Greens are planning to book the tour. They are Mr. and Mrs. Green, George Green, who is 15 years old, and Grandpa, who is 70 years of age. How much will they pay
A． 296 B． 286 C． 281 D． 276
57．Since George is a big fan of magic, he will be very excited when visiting ________.
A．Cotswolds B．Oxford C．Stratford D．Christ Church
58．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the leaflet
A．You may eat in the Cotswolds village of Burford and then buy a woolen scarf.
B．You can book this tour as a Mother’s Day gift for your mother in May 2010.
C．Shakespeare and his wife were born in the same town called Stratford.
D．Oxford University has a long history of more than 900 years.
【答案】56．C 57．D 58．B 59．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了伦敦之旅的安排和具体景点。
56．数字计算题。根据“Price guide”下面的“Adult: 74.00(成人：74.00英镑)”“Child (3—18): 64.00(3—18岁儿童：64.00英镑)”“Senior citizen / College student: 69.00(老年人/大学生：69.00英镑)”可知，格林一家有格林夫妇、15岁的儿子乔治·格林和70岁的爷爷，总共的花费是：74+74+64+69=281（英镑）。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据“Christ Church”下面的“A treat for all Harry Potter fans—see where many scenes from the films have been shot!(对于所有哈利·波特迷来说，看到电影中的许多场景拍摄的地点，真是一种享受！)”可知，在Christ Church可以看到魔幻电影《哈里·波特》的拍摄地，最适合乔治。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“Lunch in the Cotswolds”下面的“Treat yourself in a traditional English pub(酒吧) and admire the charm of this old wool town. The lunch will be taken in the Cotswolds village of Burford.(在传统的英国酒吧犒劳自己，欣赏这个古老的羊毛小镇的魅力。将在科茨沃尔德的伯福德村享用午餐。)”可知，可以在科茨沃尔德德的伯福德村用餐，然后买一条羊毛围巾，所以A项正确；根据“Stratford”下面的“Shakespeare’s birthplace”和“Satisfy yourself with an eye-opening experience at the childhood home of William Shakespeare’s wife!(在威廉·莎士比亚的妻子儿时的家中度过一段令人大开眼界的经历，让自己感到满足！)”可知，莎士比亚和妻子均在斯特拉特福德出生，所以C项正确；根据“Oxford”下面的“Well-known for over 900 years as a centre of academic excellence.(作为学术卓越中心，900多年来一直享有盛名。)”可知，牛津大学有900多年的历史，所以D项正确。根据“Days of operation”下面的“April 2009 to March 2010—Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday(2009年4月至2010年3月——星期二、星期四和星期六)”可知，这个旅游活动的有效期为2009年4月至2010年3月，所以2010年5月不能使用，B项错误。故选B。
59．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的relaxing(令人放松的)可知，and前后描述的内容应相照应，所以这里是说以一种悠闲而轻松的步调探索牛津大学城。leisurely意为“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”。A项意为“匆忙的”；B项意为“平缓的，徐缓的”；C项意为“容易的，安逸的”；D项意为“不急不忙的”。A项与leisurely的意思相差最大。故选A。
B
My name is Jaimic Eckert and I’ve been into volunteer work since childhood. As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters. In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013, we’ve been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but I’ve had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees(难民) and youth education.
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldn’t do it if I didn’t enjoy it. Most of the time, you do feel that you’re making a difference. Once I was leading out a project that provided food boxes to Syrian refugee families. When it was nearing Ramadan, the biggest holiday season in Islam, I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats... dates, nuts, olive oil and sweets. We took the package unannounced and ended up arriving just as the Syrian family was sitting down on their floor for breakfast.They had nothing more than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea. The mother was in tears as she received us. I’ll never forget their gratitude.
Another time, back when I was in college in the US, a group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly members. The building was in disrepair and the church yard needed attention. We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church. I’ll never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes. She couldn’t repair broken doors or pull weeds. but her love for us was unmatched. It breaks my heart to remember this old lady beaming with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.
Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.
60．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to____.
A．provide an explanation B．introduce a topic
C．reach a conclusion D．propose a definition
61．What does Paragraph 2 focus on
A．We brought food to Syrian families.
B．Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.
C．Volunteering affects people in some way.
D．Volunteering is a way of Eckert’s life.
62．Why was the old lady happy
A．Because finally someone came to comfort them in the church.
B．Because she could clean and repair the church with us.
C．Because of our presence and help.
D．Because we made efforts to entertain her.
63．What message does the story convey
A．Eckert’s volunteer dream.
B．What volunteering means to Eckert.
C．How volunteering has changed Eckert’s life.
D．Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees.
【答案】60．B 61．C 62．C 63．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者就自己做志愿者工作的经历告诉我们，志愿者工作会激励着我们成为更好的自己。
60．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“My name is Jaimic Eckert and I’ve been into volunteer work since childhood. As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters. In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013, we’ve been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but I’ve had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees(难民) and youth education.(我叫Jaimic Eckert，从小就从事志愿者工作。作为一个女孩，我在动物收容所做志愿者，在养老院演奏音乐，并在灾难发生后帮助社区清理。在大学里，我在一个为年轻人举办的大型年度会议上做了大量的志愿者，就在那里，我爱上了我的未婚夫，他是我的志愿者团队中的一员。自2013年结婚以来，我们一直住在黎巴嫩的贝鲁特。实际上，我有一个在线辅导业务，但我有很多机会在叙利亚难民和青年教育项目中担任志愿者。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了作者做志愿者工作的一些经历。而文章第二段开头“Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldn’t do it if I didn’t enjoy it.(很长一段时间以来，志愿服务一直是我的一种生活方式，如果我不喜欢它，我就不会去做。)”则引出主题，说明志愿者服务是作者的一种生活方式。由此可知，作者写第一段是为了引出本文的主题。故选B。
61．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Most of the time, you do feel that you’re making a difference.(大多数时候，你确实觉得自己在改变世界。)”以及“The mother was in tears as she received us. I’ll never forget their gratitude.(母亲在接待我们时泪流满面。我永远不会忘记他们的感激之情。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了志愿者工作的意义在于其可以给人们带来一定的影响。故选C。
62．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church. I’ll never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes. She couldn’t repair broken doors or pull weeds. but her love for us was unmatched. It breaks my heart to remember this old lady beaming with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.(我们周末住在一位老太太的家里，这样我们就可以打扫和修理教堂了。我永远不会忘记她眼中闪烁的新生光芒。她不会修理破损的门，也不会拔草。但她对我们的爱是无与伦比的。想起这位老太太为我们所做的小小的努力而喜笑颜开，我的心都碎了。有时候，志愿者工作的满足感并不是因为你完成了实际的工作，而是因为你的存在如何影响你周围的人。)”可知，作者他们住在一个老太太家中，或许没有能够有什么实质上的帮助，但是作者他们的存在却在影响着老太太，而这也是老太太开心的原因。故选C。
63．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.(志愿活动让我成为一个更好的人，因为它让我走出自我。它让我把注意力放在别人身上。它让我感激我所拥有的。)”可知，在这篇文章中，作者用自身做志愿者工作的例子讲述了志愿者服务对自己的意义所在，即志愿活动让作者成为一个更好的人，让作者把注意力放在别人身上。让作者感激自己所拥有的。故选B。
C
Judging by the historic record, we’ve been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B．C． in Turkey. But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity.
In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of producing clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and 17th centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France’s GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which they could see their entire body at a glance. It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror was central in developing the modern sense of the individual. As the novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look “at four mirrors at once to see themselves”.
Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful,” says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries imposed taxes on large mirrors. America’s mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt, he had to assemble it from several smaller mirrors.
It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: “No house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms.”
64．Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance
A．They were rather small in size. B．They were unaffordable to most people.
C．They were mostly manufactured in Italy. D．They were no longer associated with vanity.
65．According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about
A．Humans started to think of themselves as an individual.
B．More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe.
C．Novelists began to write about people’s love for mirrors.
D．People cared about their appearance for the first time.
66．In the early years of America, mirrors_____________.
A．brought their makers much profit
B．were regarded as something bringing embarrassment
C．caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt
D．were mostly assembled from small pieces
【答案】64．B 65．A 66．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了镜子在不同历史时期的发展演变。
64．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. ”（这项新技术很棒，但太贵了，贵族们有时为了买得起它而变卖财产。）可知，文艺复兴时期，出现了制作镜子的新技术，但是很昂贵，以至于贵族们都需要变卖财产才能买得起它，故而当时它们对大多数人来说是负担不起的。故选B项。
65．细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror was central in developing the modern sense of the individual.”（历史学家Ian Mortimer认为，镜子在发展现代个人意识方面发挥了核心作用。）可知，Ian Mortimer认为镜子的发明促进了现代个人意识的发展，人们开始把自己当成独立的个体。故选A项。
66．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful,” says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors.”（在美国早期，“镜子在美国社会被认为是一种有点可耻的奢侈品，”布鲁克林的镜子艺术家Josiah McElheny说。）可知，在美国早期，人们认为镜子是可耻的，会带给人们尴尬。故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination
Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
67 . They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why
There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. 68 . On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. 69 . In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage.
As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. 70 . But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or finding proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.examly.cn
A．Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.
B．This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C．Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
D．Usually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E．In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F．A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.
【答案】67．D 68．F 69．A 70．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是“为什么你不应该担心拖延症”。
67．根据下文“They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, ...（他们发明了几十种策略来阻止拖延并提高效率，……）”可知，人们试图克服拖延症，认为它不好事，D项“Usually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.（通常，人们倾向于把拖延视为坏事）”与下文语意连贯，构成因果关系。故选D。
68．上文“but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment.（但这里有一条线索要记住：试着找出到底是什么让你逃避工作——作为一个原则，它应该正好是你此刻最重要的任务）”说要找出此刻最重要的任务，F项“A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.（一件紧急的事情，一份需要在一天结束前完成的紧急文件，一件特别困难的工作，不管是什么）”是对上文的举例说明，语意连贯。故选F。
69．上文讲“If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility.（例如，如果你们吵架了，有一段时间你们对彼此说的任何话都很可能被认为是怀疑甚至敌意的）”吵架后无法沟通交流，A 项“Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.(此外，你可能已经注意到，当你不得不在另一个人面前道歉时，你可能是多么不情愿——即使是你错了)”讲吵架后都不愿意道歉，与上文构成并列关系，这两种情况即下文中所说“In this case”，且下文“In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology.（在这种情况下，拖延可能会给你足够的时间来下定决心，找到勇气，并想出适当的言语或行动来道歉）”提供了解决解决问题的办法：procrastination。上下文语意连贯。故选A。
70．根据上文“As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing.（正如我们所看到的，拖延不一定是一件坏事）”可知，拖延症并不像人们通常认为的是一件坏事。C项“Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.（与许多人习惯认为的不同，拖延症不是像懒惰那样的消极性格特征）”是对上文语意的顺承，与上文语意连贯。故选C。
IV. Summary Writing(共10分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
On the morning of July 14, 1960, the young woman Jane Goodall arrived at the Gombe National Park. She had brought a tent, a cup, a pair of binoculars and her mother. A group of local men met the strange pair of women and helped carry their camping equipment. Then, around 5 pm, somebody reported that they had seen a chimpanzee. Straight away, Jane set off into the forest to find her first chimpanzee.
After many months of difficult work she made three important discoveries: chimpanzees ate meat, they used tools to get food and they also made tools, Jane wrote her findings in diaries and she began to publish articles in journals such as National Geographic magazine. After a while, scientists and experts started reading her studies and Jane was offered a place at a university. After more years of research she became Doctor Jane Goodall in 1966.
During the seventies, Jane found that chimpanzees can also be violent. She wrote in one diary,“ I thought the chimps were nicer than we are. But it is proved that they are not. They can be just as awful”
A different problem developed in Gombe in the 1980s. Because of the progress of clearing forests, there were only about a hundred chimpanzees living in Gombe by the end of ten years. Jane realized that something had to be done so that chimpanzees and humans could live together, so she set about helping the local community to grow more trees in the region.
After 1989, Jane left her career in Gombe. Firstly, she started travelling and giving lectures. She protested (反对) about the cruelty to chimpanzees used in medical research laboratories. She also set up reserves for chimps which survived.
Nowadays, she spends about 300 days a year giving interviews, talks and lectures, meeting with government officials and raising money for the Jane Goodall Institute, which continues her research. She has very little spare time left but she still spends part of every year in the forest in Gombe, watching her chimpanzees.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Jane Goodall, a woman scientist, devoted her life to her chimpanzees found that the animal’s three character: eating meat, using and making tools in 1960s. Besides, it was found that chimpanzees were of violence after 10 years. However, Realizing the dangers of chimpanzees, Jane spent most time in taking various measures to protect and care her beloved animals.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文描述年轻的简·古道尔在贡贝国家公园的研究经历，发现黑猩猩吃肉，并使用工具和制作工具。之后，她开始保护黑猩猩并呼吁保护动物。她至今仍然活跃在野生动物保护方面。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Straight away, Jane set off into the forest to find her first chimpanzee.
②After many months of difficult work she made three important discoveries: chimpanzees ate meat, they used tools to get food and they also made tools, Jane wrote her findings in diaries and she began to publish articles in journals such as National Geographic magazine.
③During the seventies, Jane found that chimpanzees can also be violent.
④A different problem developed in Gombe in the 1980s.
⑤After 1989, Jane left her career in Gombe.
⑥He has very little spare time left but she still spends part of every year in the forest in Gombe, watching her chimpanzees.
2. 缜密构思
将第1，2两个要点进行整合，以及4，5两个要点进行整合，将3，6两个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Jane Goodall, a woman scientist, devoted her life to her chimpanzees found that the animal’s three character: eating meat, using and making tools in 1960s.
Besides, it was found that chimpanzees were of violence after 10 years.
However, Realizing the dangers of chimpanzees, Jane spent most time in taking various measures to protect and care her beloved animals.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Jane Goodall, a woman scientist, devoted her life to her chimpanzees found that the animal’s three character: eating meat, using and making tools in 1960s. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]Besides, it was found that chimpanzees were of violence after 10 years. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72．众所周知，酗酒会带来很多健康问题。（abuse）(汉译英)
【答案】As is known to all, alcohol abuse will cause/bring about many health problems.
【详解】考查名词和固定句型。“众所周知”为固定句型as is known to all，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句；“酗酒会带来很多健康问题”描述将要发生的事，应用一般将来时，“酗酒”翻译为alcohol abuse，作主语，“带来”翻译为cause/bring about，“很多健康问题”翻译为many health problems，故整句翻译为As is known to all, alcohol abuse will cause/bring about many health problems.
73．无论发生什么，我们都应该对自己有信心。(faith) (汉译英)
【答案】Whatever/No matter what happens, we should have faith in ourselves.
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和让步状语从句。句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；“无论发生什么”应是Whatever/No matter what 引导的让步状语从句，表达为Whatever/No matter what happens；“有信心”是动词短语 have faith in，在句中作谓语，结合其他汉语提示，故本句可译为：Whatever/No matter what happens, we should have faith in ourselves.
74．我们学校致力于每个学生的全面发展。(be committed to) (汉译英)
【答案】Our school is committed to the all-round development of every student.
【详解】考查动词时态、形容词。表示“我们学校”用Our school，作主语。表示“致力于”用be committed to，其中to为介词，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Our school为第三人称单数，可知本题be动词用is。表示“每个学生的全面发展”用the all-round development of every student，其中形容词all-round意为“全面的”，作定语，修饰名词development。故翻译为Our school is committed to the all-round development of every student.
75．他下定决心要恢复这个花瓶原来的美丽，这是明智的。（it作形式主语）（汉译英）
【答案】It is wise of him to decide to restore the vase to its original beauty.
【详解】考查固定句型、名词短语、和时态。该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“某人做某事是明智的”应用固定句型It is wise of sb. to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，to do作真正的主语。表示“下定决心做某事”应用固定句型decide to do sth.，其中to do作动词decide的宾语；表示“恢复这个花瓶”应用动词短语restore the vase；表示“原来的美丽”应用名词短语its original beauty；表示“恢复这个花瓶原来的美丽”应用restore the vase to its original beauty。故翻译为It is wise of him to decide to restore the vase to its original beauty。
VI.Guided Writing(共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是李华，你校英语报开辟了“Readers’ Voice”专栏，邀请读者针对一些热点问题发表自己的看法。请你以“Should high school students study abroad ”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。
内容包括：
1. 分析高中生出国留学的利弊；
2. 阐述你对此现象的看法。
注意：词数80词左右。
Should high school students study abroad
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Should high school students study abroad
In recent years there is a phenomenon that more and more high school students study abroad.
Studying abroad is beneficial to them. First, it will open their mind. In addition, it is a good chance to learn new culture and make new friends, which can improve their communication skills. However, it will take parents a lot of money to send their children abroad. And some students prefer traveling to learning. In this respect, it is a waste of money and absolutely not worthwhile.
Personally, I think it will be better for students to study abroad when they are old enough to support themselves financially．
【导语】本篇书面表达属于英语短文。假定你是李华，你校英语报开辟了“Readers’ Voice”专栏，邀请读者针对一些热点问题发表自己的看法。请你以“Should high school students study abroad ”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：First→ First of all
此外：In addition → What’s more
提高，增强：improve→ enhance
个人看来：Personally→ In my opinion
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Studying abroad is beneficial to them. First, it will open their mind.
拓展句：Studying abroad is beneficial to them, which will open their mind.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In addition, it is a good chance to learn new culture and make new friends, which can improve their communication skills.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Personally, I think it will be better for students to study abroad when they are old enough to support themselves financially．（运用了省略that的宾语从句以及when连接的时间状语从句）高二英语开学摸底考试卷 01（上海专用）
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．The man may need to re-evaluate his priorities.
B．The man should deal with the urgent matters first.
C．The man has failed to take care of the urgent matters.
D．The man should keep track of everything using a to-do list.
2．
A．The man didn’t intend to make the woman unhappy.
B．The man thought the woman was being unreasonable.
C．The man believed the woman had misunderstood him.
D．The man wanted to say something upsetting to the woman.
3．
A．The woman was a new customer of the garage.
B．The woman called to make a complaint about the garage’s service.
C．The woman hadn’t expected the maintenance service to take so long.
D．The woman was satisfied with the improvement in the garage’s service
4．
A．Press the button of every floor.
B．Take another lift down to the 7th floor.
C．Ask the woman which floor she’s going to.
D．Stay in the same lift to go down to his floor.
5．
A．He had a worthy trip.
B．He didn’t enjoy the trip.
C．The trip was too exhausting.
D．The trip took him by surprise.
6．
A．The size of the electric vehicle market.
B．A new trend in the car making industry.
C．The very profitable business of making cakes.
D．How manufacturers profit from making electric cars.
7．
A．Listen to folk music at home. B．Watch a live performance.
C．Appreciate a dance show on TV. D．Go to an exhibition of works of art.
8．
A．She hopes he can stop reading. B．She will tum it off at once.
C．She is reluctant to turn it down. D．She thinks reading is not important.
9．
A．Customer and tailor. B．Customer and bank clerk.
C．Customer and waitress. D．Customer and repairman.
10．
A．Night flights are available to him. B．He can’t get any direct nights.
C．He has missed the night he wanted. D．Direct nights have been delayed.
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．Admiration for one’s own appearance.
B．A need for popularity.
C．A need to belong to a group.
D．A love for photography.
12．A．Women are more likely to be famous.
B．Men are more eager to be seen as popular.
C．Man tends to post selfies more often.
D．Women use editing software more frequently.
13．A．Photos have to be looked at.
B．Cameras are mostly used for selfies.
C．Clicking “like” doesn’t necessarily mean photos have been seen.
D．It is the same experience as traditional one.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．The benefits of walking. B．The importance of keeping fit.
C．The way of forming a habit. D．The possibility of excising regularly.
15．A．Because it needs much thinking.
B．Because people needn’t concentrate on it.
C．Because it is suitable for everyone.
D．Because people can improve their memory.
16．A．It is the easiest way to lose weight. B．It can be made part of people’s life.
C．It prevents people suffering from cancers. D．It can make people’s hearts stronger.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．An employee in the city council at Birmingham.
B．Assistant director of the Admissions Office.
C．Head of the Overseas Students Office.
D．Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.
18．A．Nearly 50% are foreigners.
B．About 15% are from Africa.
C．A large majority are from Latin America.
D．A small number are from the Far East.
19．A．She will have more contact with students.
B．It will bring his capability into fuller play.
C．She will be more involved in policy-making.
D．It will be less demanding than her present job.
20．A．The woman has worked as director.
B．The woman has been doing the same job for the last 10 years.
C．The woman has been doing different jobs for the last 10 years.
D．The woman has done the same type of things.
II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A
Indoor vs outdoor exercising: Which is more productive
People tend to lean heavily on the gym when it comes to exercise. The gym is just an easy concept: you go and the machines are right there. You get the workout done and you leave. But maybe that’s the problem.
Is it better for your body, health and fitness goals to work out in the open air 21 conditions vary It depends on so many factors, but the short answer is yes: Science says it is, in fact, better to exercise outdoors.
Take running, for example. In a study 22 (look) at runners who covered the same distance on a treadmill (跑步机) and outdoors, the group that ran inside were said 23 (consume) less energy than the outside group. This is because of terrain changes and wind speed, which you don’t face in the controlled climate of gym. Your body 24 work harder, and thus you burn more calories.
Another consideration that 25 (make) exercising outside tougher, specifically in warmer months, is temperature. In most gyms, the air conditioners are blowing during the open hours to keep a cool and comfortable environment, meaning you’re consuming less energy and sweating less than you would if you were doing the same activity in the great outdoors.
In addition, a systematic study on the effects of physical activity outside in a natural environment versus indoors revealed the fact 26 among people doing the same activity, the outdoor exercises showed “greater feelings of refreshment and positive engagement; decreases in tension, confusion, anger and depression; and 27 (increase) energy” afterward.
28 many advantages, working outside has its limitations. From changeable weather to safety concerns, it’s not always 29 option. The bottom line Switch up your workout and get outside as much as you can, but don’t bother about it if the gym is a 30 (practical) choice for you. Doing any workout is amazing for your body and health.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．advantageous B．programming C． fashion D．fueled E．advanced F． sacrifice G．capped H． habitually I．appetite J．likelihood K． unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to 31 tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what 32 our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn’t reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic 33 compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be 34 to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mass means slower acceleration and a(n) 35 in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey—when our ancestors were 36 eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles—our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the 37 of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being 38 fat didn’t increases an individual’s chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more 39 there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing 40 for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker’s The End of Craving
III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Probably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn’t always read like “normal” English. It’s a natural and reasonable 41 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 42 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 43 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At the same time, there was no real standardization in English. Formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 44 did not exist, and proper education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect- or perhaps because of it- English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 45 .
So how can a reader today 46 that gap between then and now There are two critical areas to 47 : word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 48 . First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. While many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage. 49 , when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle) Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 50 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used within a different meaning in Shakespeare’s works. Grammar is where the 51 of Shakespeare English is often most apparent. Parts of speech are frequently 52 , such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always 53 . Even sentence construction can be 54 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 55 we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.”
41．A．accusation B．appreciation C．direction D．oppression
42．A．alterations B．improvements C．incidents D．specifics
43．A．contacted B．exposed C．led D．linked
44．A．arguably B．essentially C．roughly D．simply
45．A．gave way B．kept track C．took advantage D．took pride
46．A．avoid B．bridge C．embrace D．widen
47．A．address B．deal C．learn D．undertake
48．A．accessible B．easy C．qualified D．unchanged
49．A．Above all B．By contrast C．For example D．In other words
50．A．download B．edition C．medium D．recollection
51．A．achievement B．confusion C．flexibility D．mixture
52．A．commanded B．excluded C．substituted D．switched
53．A．agree B．connect C．guarantee D．neglect
54．A．independent B．pitiful C．tricky D．unique
55．A．Before B．Providing C．Since D．While
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Out of London Tours
Stratford, Oxford, Christ Church and the Cotswolds with Lunch
Length of time
About 10 hours
Days of operation
April 2009 to March 2010—Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday
This tour starts at 8:45 am and finishes at around 6:30 pm
Description
* Oxford
Enjoy the magnificence of Oxford! Well-known for over 900 years as a centre of academic excellence. Follow in the footsteps of its famous students, from Bill Clinton to Lewis Carroll. Uncover the university town of Oxford at a leisurely and relaxing pace.
* Christ Church
Lights, camera, action! A treat for all Harry Potter fans—see where many scenes from the films have been shot! Wonder at the magnificence of Christ Church, including the Great Hall which Hogwarts Hall is based upon.
* Cotswolds
Discover the fascinating Cotswolds! Full of history and heritage(历史遗留物), the Cotswolds is a charming combination of breathtaking natural beauty, busy market towns and sleepy villages.
Lunch in the Cotswolds
Treat yourself in a traditional English pub(酒吧) and admire the charm of this old wool town. The lunch will be taken in the Cotswolds village of Burford.
* Stratford
Shakespeare’s birthplace
A market town with a difference! Visit Shakespeare’s Birthplace, the half-wooded house, where the world’s greatest writer was born, to gain a fascinating insight into his childhood.
Anne Hathaway’s Cottage
Satisfy yourself with an eye-opening experience at the childhood home of William Shakespeare’s wife! Wander around the half-wooded house and its eye-catching surroundings.
Price guide
Adult: 74.00
Child (3—18): 64.00
Senior citizen / College student: 69.00
56．The Greens are planning to book the tour. They are Mr. and Mrs. Green, George Green, who is 15 years old, and Grandpa, who is 70 years of age. How much will they pay
A． 296 B． 286 C． 281 D． 276
57．Since George is a big fan of magic, he will be very excited when visiting ________.
A．Cotswolds B．Oxford C．Stratford D．Christ Church
58．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the leaflet
A．You may eat in the Cotswolds village of Burford and then buy a woolen scarf.
B．You can book this tour as a Mother’s Day gift for your mother in May 2010.
C．Shakespeare and his wife were born in the same town called Stratford.
D．Oxford University has a long history of more than 900 years.
B
My name is Jaimic Eckert and I’ve been into volunteer work since childhood. As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters. In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013, we’ve been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but I’ve had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees(难民) and youth education.
Volunteering has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldn’t do it if I didn’t enjoy it. Most of the time, you do feel that you’re making a difference. Once I was leading out a project that provided food boxes to Syrian refugee families. When it was nearing Ramadan, the biggest holiday season in Islam, I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats... dates, nuts, olive oil and sweets. We took the package unannounced and ended up arriving just as the Syrian family was sitting down on their floor for breakfast.They had nothing more than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea. The mother was in tears as she received us. I’ll never forget their gratitude.
Another time, back when I was in college in the US, a group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly members. The building was in disrepair and the church yard needed attention. We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church. I’ll never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes. She couldn’t repair broken doors or pull weeds. but her love for us was unmatched. It breaks my heart to remember this old lady beaming with joy for such small efforts that we made. Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.
Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself. It puts my focus on others. It makes me grateful for what I have.
60．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to____.
A．provide an explanation B．introduce a topic
C．reach a conclusion D．propose a definition
61．What does Paragraph 2 focus on
A．We brought food to Syrian families.
B．Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.
C．Volunteering affects people in some way.
D．Volunteering is a way of Eckert’s life.
62．Why was the old lady happy
A．Because finally someone came to comfort them in the church.
B．Because she could clean and repair the church with us.
C．Because of our presence and help.
D．Because we made efforts to entertain her.
63．What message does the story convey
A．Eckert’s volunteer dream.
B．What volunteering means to Eckert.
C．How volunteering has changed Eckert’s life.
D．Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees.
C
Judging by the historic record, we’ve been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B．C． in Turkey. But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity.
In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of producing clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and 17th centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France’s GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which they could see their entire body at a glance. It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror was central in developing the modern sense of the individual. As the novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look “at four mirrors at once to see themselves”.
Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful,” says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries imposed taxes on large mirrors. America’s mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt, he had to assemble it from several smaller mirrors.
It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: “No house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms.”
64．Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance
A．They were rather small in size. B．They were unaffordable to most people.
C．They were mostly manufactured in Italy. D．They were no longer associated with vanity.
65．According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about
A．Humans started to think of themselves as an individual.
B．More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe.
C．Novelists began to write about people’s love for mirrors.
D．People cared about their appearance for the first time.
66．In the early years of America, mirrors_____________.
A．brought their makers much profit
B．were regarded as something bringing embarrassment
C．caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt
D．were mostly assembled from small pieces
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination
Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
67 . They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why
There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. 68 . On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. 69 . In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage.
As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. 70 . But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or finding proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.examly.cn
A．Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.
B．This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C．Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
D．Usually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E．In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F．A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.
IV. Summary Writing(共10分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
On the morning of July 14, 1960, the young woman Jane Goodall arrived at the Gombe National Park. She had brought a tent, a cup, a pair of binoculars and her mother. A group of local men met the strange pair of women and helped carry their camping equipment. Then, around 5 pm, somebody reported that they had seen a chimpanzee. Straight away, Jane set off into the forest to find her first chimpanzee.
After many months of difficult work she made three important discoveries: chimpanzees ate meat, they used tools to get food and they also made tools, Jane wrote her findings in diaries and she began to publish articles in journals such as National Geographic magazine. After a while, scientists and experts started reading her studies and Jane was offered a place at a university. After more years of research she became Doctor Jane Goodall in 1966.
During the seventies, Jane found that chimpanzees can also be violent. She wrote in one diary,“ I thought the chimps were nicer than we are. But it is proved that they are not. They can be just as awful”
A different problem developed in Gombe in the 1980s. Because of the progress of clearing forests, there were only about a hundred chimpanzees living in Gombe by the end of ten years. Jane realized that something had to be done so that chimpanzees and humans could live together, so she set about helping the local community to grow more trees in the region.
After 1989, Jane left her career in Gombe. Firstly, she started travelling and giving lectures. She protested (反对) about the cruelty to chimpanzees used in medical research laboratories. She also set up reserves for chimps which survived.
Nowadays, she spends about 300 days a year giving interviews, talks and lectures, meeting with government officials and raising money for the Jane Goodall Institute, which continues her research. She has very little spare time left but she still spends part of every year in the forest in Gombe, watching her chimpanzees.
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V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72．众所周知，酗酒会带来很多健康问题。（abuse）(汉译英)
73．无论发生什么，我们都应该对自己有信心。(faith) (汉译英)
74．我们学校致力于每个学生的全面发展。(be committed to) (汉译英)
75．他下定决心要恢复这个花瓶原来的美丽，这是明智的。（it作形式主语）（汉译英）
VI.Guided Writing(共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是李华，你校英语报开辟了“Readers’ Voice”专栏，邀请读者针对一些热点问题发表自己的看法。请你以“Should high school students study abroad ”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。
内容包括：
1. 分析高中生出国留学的利弊；
2. 阐述你对此现象的看法。
注意：词数80词左右。
Should high school students study abroad
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