2024届高三英语二轮复习：语法专题突破之定语从句课件(共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习：语法专题突破之定语从句课件(共34张PPT) |  | |
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(共34张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题四 三大从句与特殊句式
第一讲 定语从句的复习
2021 2022 2023
语法填空 新高考Ⅱ卷 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 全国甲卷 全国甲、乙卷
阅读理解 七选五 完形 在句子中出现频率很高，对正确理解句子意思起着举足轻重的作用。
书面表达 是高考英语写作的一项基本要求，适当运用定语从句有助于提高写作得分。
定语从句在高考中的运用
无词填空
增加阅读和理解难度
(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ______used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
which/that
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that
（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
which/that
复习定语从句基础知识
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句，又称为形容词性从句，译为“······的”。
定语从句位于______________________。（判断从句类型）
_____________________叫先行词，
_____________________叫关系词。（语法考点）
引导定语从句的词
被修饰的名词或代词
其修饰的名词或代词后
定从，先行词，关系词
Xiao Meng is a girl who/that① loves reading and she is also a girl who/whom/that② teachers often praise. Books that/which③ talk about love or adventures are her favorite.
找一找
二、定语从句的分类(了解)
1、关系代词（在从句中做主语，宾语）
that / which (先行词是物)
that/ who （先行词是人）
whom 先行词为人，从句中只做宾语
2、关系副词 （在从句中做状语）
where （先行词为地点）
when (先行词为时间)
why （先行词为reason）
三、关系词的选择（重点，要求能识别和会填空）
3.关系代词whose
译为“······的”，既可以指人，又可以指物，先行词与关系词后面的名词是所属关系时，选择whose。
口诀：whose 前后名，后名属前名
This is the girl _______name is Li Mei.
whose
4.as 关系代词
as引导非限定从时，常位于句首，作为固定搭配，译为“正如”。
as we all know as is known to us all as is reported
as the old saying goes
________was expected，he came late again.
正如我们所预料的那样，他又迟到了。
As
关系词在句中的作用：
1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句，识别定语从句。
2.指代前面的先行词，关系词与先行词是等量关系（设置考点）
3.在定语从句中担当成分(主、宾、表、状)
The boy who ___(be) standing there is our monitor.
The boys who ___(be) standing there used to be my classmates.
定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。
is
are
在阅读中的应用:
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
What was used in the experiment to cause coughing
A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.
关系代词which指代先行词
四、特殊情况
1．只用that
指物时只用that 不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。
①先行词指物被the very、the only、序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
② 先行词既包括人也包括物时
③先行词指物是某些不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰时。常考不定代词all, much, few,等以及复合不定代词。
①This is the third apple _______ she has eaten in the afternoon.
②This is the only/very thing ___________ I can do to solve the tricky problem.
③Everything is ready, and all ______ we need is an east wind.
④When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _______ they could remember in the school.
⑤This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
that
that
that
that
that
2、不用that的情况(考查次数较多)
①非限制性定语从句中，主句与从句用逗号隔开，不用that
②关系词前有介词时，只用which 指物；whom 指人；whose 表所属
③先行词为one, those 指人时，关系词用who
e.g. God helps those who help themselves.
3、the way 作先行词时，无论从句缺什么成分，用that 都可以。
4.关系代词和关系副词的选择（关系词在从句中做的成分）
先行词是地点、时间或原因，不一定填where, when, why, 看从句缺少成分
①如果这些名词在从句充当主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。
②从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，用关系副词。
定语从句的考查方式
一、语法中的考查：语法填空题
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语、宾语、表语或定语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)。
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
二、在阅读理解的应用
1.猜测词义
Charity shops are treasure troves , which are good places where we can buy lots of cheap, useful and nice things.
What does the underlined phrase “treasure troves” probably refer to
A. Places that sell practical things
B. Places that recycle unwanted items
C. Places that sell fashionable clothes
D. Places that house new and valuable items.
2.先行词就是答案
Mini University PhD gets kids into the labs and art studios of the U of C, where they take part in programs such as The Scientist, where they learn about topics like mapping DNA and creating volcanoes.
If a student wants to know how to map DNA, he should attend_____.
A.MRU kids B. The Scientist
C. Minds in Motion D. Einstein’s Shampoo
基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．The old man turned his business over to his younger son，________ made his elder son discouraged.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语。故填which。
which
2．I will never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。故填where。
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，______ had also volunteered to help.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句缺少主语。故填who。
where
who
4．There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest in the science world.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为：you can check out the latest in the science world on the websites，由此可知，先行词在定语从句中与介词on一起作地点状语。故填where。
5．The system, ________ can be the most advanced in many ways，will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the system，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
where
which
6．He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people ___________ wanted to work in Silicon Valley.
解析：考查定语从句。people为先行词，从句中缺主语。故填who/that。
7．His interest started a few years ago，_______ he was in college and studying wildlife science.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为a few years ago，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
who/that
when
8．Then Needham began his lifelong research，________ ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China.
解析：考查定语从句。根据设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为his lifelong research，将先行词代入定语从句后为：his lifelong research ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China，由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物。故填which。
which
9．This woman has set a good example to her son，______ is a really lucky guy.
解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词为her son，并在从句中作主语。故填who。
10．Over the years，I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，________ way of talking about people inspired me.
解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。故填whose。
who
whose
语篇练习
There was a time ________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason _______ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，___________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately，my guide，___________________ teacher was Yu Minhong， communicated with me face to face.
1.when
2.why
3.where
4.whose
.He，from ________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ______________we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，_______ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into _______ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through ________________ I can memorize a large number of new words. _______ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
5.whom
6.that/which
7.who
8.which
9.which
10.As
解析：
1．考查定语从句。先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填when。
2．考查定语从句。先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填why。
3．考查定语从句。先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语。故填where。
4．考查定语从句。先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系。故填whose。
5．考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知用whom。故填whom。
6．考查定语从句。定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
7．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语。故填who。
8．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填which。
9．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子I recall the passages。故填which。
10．考查定语从句。根据句子结构和语境可知，此为非限制性定语从句且关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”因此要用as引导定语从句，意为“正如”。故填As。
谢谢观看
语法专题突破
专题四 三大从句与特殊句式
第一讲 定语从句的复习
2021 2022 2023
语法填空 新高考Ⅱ卷 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 全国甲卷 全国甲、乙卷
阅读理解 七选五 完形 在句子中出现频率很高，对正确理解句子意思起着举足轻重的作用。
书面表达 是高考英语写作的一项基本要求，适当运用定语从句有助于提高写作得分。
定语从句在高考中的运用
无词填空
增加阅读和理解难度
(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I decided that if I learned of a company ______used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
which/that
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that
（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
which/that
复习定语从句基础知识
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句，又称为形容词性从句，译为“······的”。
定语从句位于______________________。（判断从句类型）
_____________________叫先行词，
_____________________叫关系词。（语法考点）
引导定语从句的词
被修饰的名词或代词
其修饰的名词或代词后
定从，先行词，关系词
Xiao Meng is a girl who/that① loves reading and she is also a girl who/whom/that② teachers often praise. Books that/which③ talk about love or adventures are her favorite.
找一找
二、定语从句的分类(了解)
1、关系代词（在从句中做主语，宾语）
that / which (先行词是物)
that/ who （先行词是人）
whom 先行词为人，从句中只做宾语
2、关系副词 （在从句中做状语）
where （先行词为地点）
when (先行词为时间)
why （先行词为reason）
三、关系词的选择（重点，要求能识别和会填空）
3.关系代词whose
译为“······的”，既可以指人，又可以指物，先行词与关系词后面的名词是所属关系时，选择whose。
口诀：whose 前后名，后名属前名
This is the girl _______name is Li Mei.
whose
4.as 关系代词
as引导非限定从时，常位于句首，作为固定搭配，译为“正如”。
as we all know as is known to us all as is reported
as the old saying goes
________was expected，he came late again.
正如我们所预料的那样，他又迟到了。
As
关系词在句中的作用：
1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句，识别定语从句。
2.指代前面的先行词，关系词与先行词是等量关系（设置考点）
3.在定语从句中担当成分(主、宾、表、状)
The boy who ___(be) standing there is our monitor.
The boys who ___(be) standing there used to be my classmates.
定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。
is
are
在阅读中的应用:
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
What was used in the experiment to cause coughing
A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.
关系代词which指代先行词
四、特殊情况
1．只用that
指物时只用that 不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。
①先行词指物被the very、the only、序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
② 先行词既包括人也包括物时
③先行词指物是某些不定代词或被某些不定代词修饰时。常考不定代词all, much, few,等以及复合不定代词。
①This is the third apple _______ she has eaten in the afternoon.
②This is the only/very thing ___________ I can do to solve the tricky problem.
③Everything is ready, and all ______ we need is an east wind.
④When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _______ they could remember in the school.
⑤This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
that
that
that
that
that
2、不用that的情况(考查次数较多)
①非限制性定语从句中，主句与从句用逗号隔开，不用that
②关系词前有介词时，只用which 指物；whom 指人；whose 表所属
③先行词为one, those 指人时，关系词用who
e.g. God helps those who help themselves.
3、the way 作先行词时，无论从句缺什么成分，用that 都可以。
4.关系代词和关系副词的选择（关系词在从句中做的成分）
先行词是地点、时间或原因，不一定填where, when, why, 看从句缺少成分
①如果这些名词在从句充当主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。
②从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，用关系副词。
定语从句的考查方式
一、语法中的考查：语法填空题
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语、宾语、表语或定语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)。
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
二、在阅读理解的应用
1.猜测词义
Charity shops are treasure troves , which are good places where we can buy lots of cheap, useful and nice things.
What does the underlined phrase “treasure troves” probably refer to
A. Places that sell practical things
B. Places that recycle unwanted items
C. Places that sell fashionable clothes
D. Places that house new and valuable items.
2.先行词就是答案
Mini University PhD gets kids into the labs and art studios of the U of C, where they take part in programs such as The Scientist, where they learn about topics like mapping DNA and creating volcanoes.
If a student wants to know how to map DNA, he should attend_____.
A.MRU kids B. The Scientist
C. Minds in Motion D. Einstein’s Shampoo
基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．The old man turned his business over to his younger son，________ made his elder son discouraged.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语。故填which。
which
2．I will never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。故填where。
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，______ had also volunteered to help.
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句缺少主语。故填who。
where
who
4．There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest in the science world.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为：you can check out the latest in the science world on the websites，由此可知，先行词在定语从句中与介词on一起作地点状语。故填where。
5．The system, ________ can be the most advanced in many ways，will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world.
解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the system，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
where
which
6．He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people ___________ wanted to work in Silicon Valley.
解析：考查定语从句。people为先行词，从句中缺主语。故填who/that。
7．His interest started a few years ago，_______ he was in college and studying wildlife science.
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为a few years ago，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
who/that
when
8．Then Needham began his lifelong research，________ ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China.
解析：考查定语从句。根据设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为his lifelong research，将先行词代入定语从句后为：his lifelong research ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China，由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物。故填which。
which
9．This woman has set a good example to her son，______ is a really lucky guy.
解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词为her son，并在从句中作主语。故填who。
10．Over the years，I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，________ way of talking about people inspired me.
解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。故填whose。
who
whose
语篇练习
There was a time ________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason _______ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，___________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately，my guide，___________________ teacher was Yu Minhong， communicated with me face to face.
1.when
2.why
3.where
4.whose
.He，from ________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ______________we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，_______ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into _______ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through ________________ I can memorize a large number of new words. _______ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
5.whom
6.that/which
7.who
8.which
9.which
10.As
解析：
1．考查定语从句。先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填when。
2．考查定语从句。先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填why。
3．考查定语从句。先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语。故填where。
4．考查定语从句。先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系。故填whose。
5．考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知用whom。故填whom。
6．考查定语从句。定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
7．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语。故填who。
8．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填which。
9．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子I recall the passages。故填which。
10．考查定语从句。根据句子结构和语境可知，此为非限制性定语从句且关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”因此要用as引导定语从句，意为“正如”。故填As。
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