2024届高考英译专题复习：介词及短语二轮专题讲解 课件 (共51张PPT)
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(共51张PPT)
高中英语介词及短语二轮专题讲解
2024-02-21
CONTENTS
一、表示“时间”的介词
二、表示“方位”的介词
三、表示“原因”的介词(短语)
四、表示“范围”的介词(短语)
五、其他常考介词(短语)
六、介词的省略
七、介词与名词的常用搭配
八、形容词与介词的常用搭配
01
表示“时间”的介词
1.at,in,on
1)at:①表示在某一时间;②在习惯语中
at 2:00 at midnight at dawn at sunset
2)in表示在某段较长的时间单位(如:世纪、朝代、年份、季节、月份、年代及泛指上午、下午和晚上等)。
in the 1870s/1870's
in the Ming Dynasty
in the morning/afternoon/evening
3)on:①表示在具体的某一天、某个日期;②表示在某天的上午、下午、晚上
on October 21st on Christmas Eve on a sunny night
2.for,during,through
1)for后接时间段,表状态持续的时间。
We had been talking for a good half hour.
我们谈了足足半个小时。
2)during在……期间
Lily often falls asleep during the class.
课上丽丽常常打瞌睡。
3)through在……期间;从头到尾;一直到 (所指时间包括在内,同throughout)
Tom bore up bravely through the winter.
在整个冬季,汤姆表现得很坚强。
3.from,since
1)from后接时间点,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短。
My younger sister began to learn singing from the age of six.
我的妹妹从6岁开始学习唱歌。
2)since自从……(到说话的时刻),常与延续性动词的完成时连用。
Lily has been doing his housework since six o'clock.
丽丽从6点开始就一直做家务活。
4.before,by,until/till
1)before早于;在……之前
The new road will be completed before next year.
这条新道路将在明年以前建成。
2)by不迟于……,在(某时)前
All of you are to arrive at park by six o'clock.
你们所有人必须在6点钟前到公园。
3)until/till:until比till更正式。谓语动需是延续性动词肯定式或瞬间动词否定式。
I shall wait until six o'clock.我将等到6点钟。
She didn't go to bed until seven .她7点钟才睡觉。
02
表示“方位”的介词
1.in/inside在……里;outside在(向)……外面
The students are singing in/inside the classroom.
学生们正在教室里唱歌。
You can park your car outside our school.
你可以把你的汽车停在我们的学校外面。
2.above在(向)……上方;over在……正上方,横跨;on在……上(表面接触)
The water came above our waists.水淹过了我们的腰。
There are several bridges over the river.在这条河上有几座桥。
Lily put up a picture on the wall.丽丽把一幅画贴在了墙上。
3.below在……下方;beneath紧贴在……的下方;under在……正下方
I live below the mountain.
我住在山脚下。
Stresses built up beneath the surface.
在平静的的表面下，压力正在聚集。
A policeman is standing under an umbrella.一个警察正站在一把伞下。
4.by/beside 在……旁边;near (to) 在……附近;next to 紧挨着……
Our house is by/beside the river.
我们的房子在河边。
Don‘t sit near(to) the window.别坐在窗户旁边。
A close friend of sister’s sits next to me in the room.
我姐姐的一位朋友在房间里紧挨着我坐。
5.behind在…的后面;in front of在…外部的前面;in the front of在…内部的前面
Lily is behind a tree.丽丽在一棵树后面。
He sits in front of me.他坐在我前面。
Lily is in the front of the classroom.
丽丽在教室的前面。
6.across横过……,在(街、河等)对面;through通过,穿过
I will row you across the river.
我将划船把你送过河。
The burglar got in through the window.窃贼是从窗户进来的。
7.between 表示在两者之间;among表示在三者或三者以上之间
There was a fight between the two boys.
这两个男孩子打过一次架。
They hid themselves among the trees.
他们躲在树林中。
03
表示“原因”的介词(短语)
1.for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,
如famous,known,praise等。
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
西湖因它的景色而闻名。
2.at常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词或过去分词(如delighted , angry, surprised等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因。
I am surprised at the news.
听到这则消息我大吃一惊。
3.because of/owing to一般作状语,不作表语。
The game was canceled owing to/because of the heavy rain.
这场比赛因大雨被取消了。
4.due to 通常作表语或状语,一般不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
这个队的成功很大程度上是她努力的结果。
5.thanks to意为“因为,幸亏”,只能作状语,多表示正面的意义。
It was all a great success thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于非常刻苦用功,这才大获成功。
04
表示“范围”的介词(短语)
1.besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。
2.except意为“除……之外(不再有)”,相当于not including,后面可接名词、代词、动名词、that从句等作宾语。
We all passed the exam except Tom.
除汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the water.
我什么都没告诉他,只是说我需要水。
3.except for表示“除了……”,它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好,只是有些拼写错误。
05
其他常考介词(短语)
1.against违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托
We're playing against the league champions next month .
下个月我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
2.for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;从……来看;赞成,支持;换取
The money saved could be used for more deserving causes.
省下来的钱可以用于更有意义的事业。
3.by表示程度或增减的幅度;按……计
House prices went up by 15%.
房价上涨了15%。
4.than:形容词、副词比较级+than
He runs slower than his brother.
他比他弟弟跑得慢。
Your method is more effective than mine.
你的方法比我的更有效。
5.as:介词,作为……;连词,正如、虽然,后加句子;构成the same as, as...as...,such...as...结构
like:介词,像……,后面加名词、代词等
His father always treats him as a child.
他爸爸总是像对待孩子那样对待他。
I have the same car as you (have).我和你有同样的车。
He looks like his mother.他长得像他妈妈。
6.beyond (范围、限度)超出,为…所不能及within(范围、限度)在…内
The picture was just beyond my reach.我差一点儿才够得着那幅画。
They are now within range of enemy fire.
他们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。
7.despite/in spite of尽管;不管
regardless of不管;不顾
Despite/In spite of applying for hundreds of jobs,she is still out of work.
尽管她申请了数百份工作,但仍然在失业中。
Lily insisted on trying again regardless of the consequences.
不管结果如何,丽丽坚持再试一次。
8.with和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;用……;随着(表示伴随)
without没有
In India, people eat with their hands.在印度,人们用手吃饭。
With time going by, computers are playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
随着时间的推移,计算机正在我们日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
We wouldn't have been successful without lily’s help.
没有丽丽的帮助的话,我们不会成功的。
06
介词的省略
1.一些固定搭配中的介词常可省略,常见的有:spend/waste time (in) doing sth.,
have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth.,
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.,succeed (in) doing sth.。
2.当时间状语是today,yesterday,tomorrow,yesterday(tomorrow) morning(afternoon,evening) 等时,前面不用介词。
There was a basketball match yesterday evening.
昨晚有一场篮球赛。
3.由“this/that/these/those/last/next/every/each+名词”构成时间状语时,前面不用介词。
I'll visit my parents this weekend.这周末我要去看望我的父母。
4.here,there,home,abroad,outdoors,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere等表示地点的副词前不用介词。
come here来这里
go there去那里
go abroad出国
go downstairs下楼
07
介词与名词的常用搭配
1.at开头的短语
at a loss不知所措
at the same time同时
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at a distance离一段距离
at the foot of在……脚下
at the sight of一看到……就……
2.on开头的短语
on account of因为
on average 平均
on behalf of代表
on display在展出
on purpose故意地
on the basis of基于……
3.by+n.表示方式
by accident/chance偶然
by air/plane乘飞机
by coincidence碰巧
by force用暴力
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量
4.in+n.表示方式、方面
in cash用现金
in width在宽度上
in detail 详细地
in English用英语
in length 在长度上
in ink用墨水
5.in开头的短语
in a hurry/rush匆忙地
in addition to除……之外
in charge of掌管
in favor/support of支持
in honor of为向……表示敬意
in need/want of需要
in place of代替
in response 作为回应
in return作为回报
in the face of即使面对
in turn依次
in vain徒劳地
6.out of+n.表示状态
out of balance失去平衡
out of breath上气不接下气
out of control不受控制
out of danger脱离危险
out of date过时
out of order出故障
out of patience不耐烦
out of trouble脱离困境
out of work失业
7.under+n.表示被动
under attack遭到袭击
under construction在建造中
under control处于控制之下
under repair在修理中
under treatment在治疗中
under way在进行中
8.with+n.表示方式
with anger生气地
with confidence有信心地
with care小心地
with delight/joy高兴地
with ease轻而易举地
with pleasure乐意地
08
形容词与介词的常用搭配
1.adj.+about
be anxious about对……忧虑
be concerned about对……担心
be confident about/of对……有信心
be crazy about对……着迷
be curious about对……感到好奇
be doubtful/skeptical about对……怀疑
be enthusiastic about热衷于
be particular about对……挑剔
be worried about对……担心
2.adj.+at
be angry at对……感到恼怒
be astonished at对……感到十分惊讶
be delighted at听到……很高兴
be disappointed at对……失望
be skilled at在……方面很熟练
be surprised at对……吃惊
3.adj.+from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
be far from远离
be free from不受……影响
4.adj.+for
be anxious/eager for渴望
be famous/known for以……而著名
be fit/suitable for适合,胜任
be prepared/ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责
be grateful/thankful for因……而感激
5.adj.+in
be absorbed/buried/lost in专心于
be expert in擅长……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be involved in专心于;参与;涉及
be located in位于
be busy/occupied in忙于
6.adj.+on
be dependent on依赖
be hard on对……苛刻
be focused on专心于
7.adj.+of
be ashamed of为……感到羞耻
be aware/conscious of意识到
be capable of能够
be composed/made up of由……组成
be fond of喜欢
be full of充满
be ignorant of不了解
be proud of因……而骄傲
be sure/certain of确信
8.adj.+with
be angry with sb.对某人发怒
be busy with忙于
be combined with与……结合
be associated/connected/concerned with与……有关
be content/satisfied/pleased with对……满意
be covered with覆盖着……
be crowded with堆满;挤满
9.adj.+to
be accustomed/used to习惯于
be beneficial to对……有益
be devoted to致力于;投身于
be essential to对……必不可少
be grateful to sb.感激某人
be opposed to反对
be related/relevant to与……有关
be sensitive to对……敏感
be similar to与……相似
be familiar with对……熟悉
be patient with对……有耐心
be popular with受到……的欢迎
10.其他常用短语
according to根据
along with随着
together with连同
to and from...往返于……
but for要不是
by means of借助……手段
by way of经由,经过(某地)
first of all首先
for the good of为了……的利益
for/with the purpose of为了……
for the sake of为了……起见
with the help of在……的帮助下
THE END
THANKS
高中英语介词及短语二轮专题讲解
2024-02-21
CONTENTS
一、表示“时间”的介词
二、表示“方位”的介词
三、表示“原因”的介词(短语)
四、表示“范围”的介词(短语)
五、其他常考介词(短语)
六、介词的省略
七、介词与名词的常用搭配
八、形容词与介词的常用搭配
01
表示“时间”的介词
1.at,in,on
1)at:①表示在某一时间;②在习惯语中
at 2:00 at midnight at dawn at sunset
2)in表示在某段较长的时间单位(如:世纪、朝代、年份、季节、月份、年代及泛指上午、下午和晚上等)。
in the 1870s/1870's
in the Ming Dynasty
in the morning/afternoon/evening
3)on:①表示在具体的某一天、某个日期;②表示在某天的上午、下午、晚上
on October 21st on Christmas Eve on a sunny night
2.for,during,through
1)for后接时间段,表状态持续的时间。
We had been talking for a good half hour.
我们谈了足足半个小时。
2)during在……期间
Lily often falls asleep during the class.
课上丽丽常常打瞌睡。
3)through在……期间;从头到尾;一直到 (所指时间包括在内,同throughout)
Tom bore up bravely through the winter.
在整个冬季,汤姆表现得很坚强。
3.from,since
1)from后接时间点,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短。
My younger sister began to learn singing from the age of six.
我的妹妹从6岁开始学习唱歌。
2)since自从……(到说话的时刻),常与延续性动词的完成时连用。
Lily has been doing his housework since six o'clock.
丽丽从6点开始就一直做家务活。
4.before,by,until/till
1)before早于;在……之前
The new road will be completed before next year.
这条新道路将在明年以前建成。
2)by不迟于……,在(某时)前
All of you are to arrive at park by six o'clock.
你们所有人必须在6点钟前到公园。
3)until/till:until比till更正式。谓语动需是延续性动词肯定式或瞬间动词否定式。
I shall wait until six o'clock.我将等到6点钟。
She didn't go to bed until seven .她7点钟才睡觉。
02
表示“方位”的介词
1.in/inside在……里;outside在(向)……外面
The students are singing in/inside the classroom.
学生们正在教室里唱歌。
You can park your car outside our school.
你可以把你的汽车停在我们的学校外面。
2.above在(向)……上方;over在……正上方,横跨;on在……上(表面接触)
The water came above our waists.水淹过了我们的腰。
There are several bridges over the river.在这条河上有几座桥。
Lily put up a picture on the wall.丽丽把一幅画贴在了墙上。
3.below在……下方;beneath紧贴在……的下方;under在……正下方
I live below the mountain.
我住在山脚下。
Stresses built up beneath the surface.
在平静的的表面下，压力正在聚集。
A policeman is standing under an umbrella.一个警察正站在一把伞下。
4.by/beside 在……旁边;near (to) 在……附近;next to 紧挨着……
Our house is by/beside the river.
我们的房子在河边。
Don‘t sit near(to) the window.别坐在窗户旁边。
A close friend of sister’s sits next to me in the room.
我姐姐的一位朋友在房间里紧挨着我坐。
5.behind在…的后面;in front of在…外部的前面;in the front of在…内部的前面
Lily is behind a tree.丽丽在一棵树后面。
He sits in front of me.他坐在我前面。
Lily is in the front of the classroom.
丽丽在教室的前面。
6.across横过……,在(街、河等)对面;through通过,穿过
I will row you across the river.
我将划船把你送过河。
The burglar got in through the window.窃贼是从窗户进来的。
7.between 表示在两者之间;among表示在三者或三者以上之间
There was a fight between the two boys.
这两个男孩子打过一次架。
They hid themselves among the trees.
他们躲在树林中。
03
表示“原因”的介词(短语)
1.for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词或动词连用,
如famous,known,praise等。
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
西湖因它的景色而闻名。
2.at常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词或过去分词(如delighted , angry, surprised等)连用,表示产生这种情感的原因。
I am surprised at the news.
听到这则消息我大吃一惊。
3.because of/owing to一般作状语,不作表语。
The game was canceled owing to/because of the heavy rain.
这场比赛因大雨被取消了。
4.due to 通常作表语或状语,一般不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
这个队的成功很大程度上是她努力的结果。
5.thanks to意为“因为,幸亏”,只能作状语,多表示正面的意义。
It was all a great success thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于非常刻苦用功,这才大获成功。
04
表示“范围”的介词(短语)
1.besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。
2.except意为“除……之外(不再有)”,相当于not including,后面可接名词、代词、动名词、that从句等作宾语。
We all passed the exam except Tom.
除汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the water.
我什么都没告诉他,只是说我需要水。
3.except for表示“除了……”,它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好,只是有些拼写错误。
05
其他常考介词(短语)
1.against违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托
We're playing against the league champions next month .
下个月我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
2.for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;从……来看;赞成,支持;换取
The money saved could be used for more deserving causes.
省下来的钱可以用于更有意义的事业。
3.by表示程度或增减的幅度;按……计
House prices went up by 15%.
房价上涨了15%。
4.than:形容词、副词比较级+than
He runs slower than his brother.
他比他弟弟跑得慢。
Your method is more effective than mine.
你的方法比我的更有效。
5.as:介词,作为……;连词,正如、虽然,后加句子;构成the same as, as...as...,such...as...结构
like:介词,像……,后面加名词、代词等
His father always treats him as a child.
他爸爸总是像对待孩子那样对待他。
I have the same car as you (have).我和你有同样的车。
He looks like his mother.他长得像他妈妈。
6.beyond (范围、限度)超出,为…所不能及within(范围、限度)在…内
The picture was just beyond my reach.我差一点儿才够得着那幅画。
They are now within range of enemy fire.
他们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。
7.despite/in spite of尽管;不管
regardless of不管;不顾
Despite/In spite of applying for hundreds of jobs,she is still out of work.
尽管她申请了数百份工作,但仍然在失业中。
Lily insisted on trying again regardless of the consequences.
不管结果如何,丽丽坚持再试一次。
8.with和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;用……;随着(表示伴随)
without没有
In India, people eat with their hands.在印度,人们用手吃饭。
With time going by, computers are playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
随着时间的推移,计算机正在我们日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
We wouldn't have been successful without lily’s help.
没有丽丽的帮助的话,我们不会成功的。
06
介词的省略
1.一些固定搭配中的介词常可省略,常见的有:spend/waste time (in) doing sth.,
have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth.,
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.,succeed (in) doing sth.。
2.当时间状语是today,yesterday,tomorrow,yesterday(tomorrow) morning(afternoon,evening) 等时,前面不用介词。
There was a basketball match yesterday evening.
昨晚有一场篮球赛。
3.由“this/that/these/those/last/next/every/each+名词”构成时间状语时,前面不用介词。
I'll visit my parents this weekend.这周末我要去看望我的父母。
4.here,there,home,abroad,outdoors,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere等表示地点的副词前不用介词。
come here来这里
go there去那里
go abroad出国
go downstairs下楼
07
介词与名词的常用搭配
1.at开头的短语
at a loss不知所措
at the same time同时
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at a distance离一段距离
at the foot of在……脚下
at the sight of一看到……就……
2.on开头的短语
on account of因为
on average 平均
on behalf of代表
on display在展出
on purpose故意地
on the basis of基于……
3.by+n.表示方式
by accident/chance偶然
by air/plane乘飞机
by coincidence碰巧
by force用暴力
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量
4.in+n.表示方式、方面
in cash用现金
in width在宽度上
in detail 详细地
in English用英语
in length 在长度上
in ink用墨水
5.in开头的短语
in a hurry/rush匆忙地
in addition to除……之外
in charge of掌管
in favor/support of支持
in honor of为向……表示敬意
in need/want of需要
in place of代替
in response 作为回应
in return作为回报
in the face of即使面对
in turn依次
in vain徒劳地
6.out of+n.表示状态
out of balance失去平衡
out of breath上气不接下气
out of control不受控制
out of danger脱离危险
out of date过时
out of order出故障
out of patience不耐烦
out of trouble脱离困境
out of work失业
7.under+n.表示被动
under attack遭到袭击
under construction在建造中
under control处于控制之下
under repair在修理中
under treatment在治疗中
under way在进行中
8.with+n.表示方式
with anger生气地
with confidence有信心地
with care小心地
with delight/joy高兴地
with ease轻而易举地
with pleasure乐意地
08
形容词与介词的常用搭配
1.adj.+about
be anxious about对……忧虑
be concerned about对……担心
be confident about/of对……有信心
be crazy about对……着迷
be curious about对……感到好奇
be doubtful/skeptical about对……怀疑
be enthusiastic about热衷于
be particular about对……挑剔
be worried about对……担心
2.adj.+at
be angry at对……感到恼怒
be astonished at对……感到十分惊讶
be delighted at听到……很高兴
be disappointed at对……失望
be skilled at在……方面很熟练
be surprised at对……吃惊
3.adj.+from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
be far from远离
be free from不受……影响
4.adj.+for
be anxious/eager for渴望
be famous/known for以……而著名
be fit/suitable for适合,胜任
be prepared/ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责
be grateful/thankful for因……而感激
5.adj.+in
be absorbed/buried/lost in专心于
be expert in擅长……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be involved in专心于;参与;涉及
be located in位于
be busy/occupied in忙于
6.adj.+on
be dependent on依赖
be hard on对……苛刻
be focused on专心于
7.adj.+of
be ashamed of为……感到羞耻
be aware/conscious of意识到
be capable of能够
be composed/made up of由……组成
be fond of喜欢
be full of充满
be ignorant of不了解
be proud of因……而骄傲
be sure/certain of确信
8.adj.+with
be angry with sb.对某人发怒
be busy with忙于
be combined with与……结合
be associated/connected/concerned with与……有关
be content/satisfied/pleased with对……满意
be covered with覆盖着……
be crowded with堆满;挤满
9.adj.+to
be accustomed/used to习惯于
be beneficial to对……有益
be devoted to致力于;投身于
be essential to对……必不可少
be grateful to sb.感激某人
be opposed to反对
be related/relevant to与……有关
be sensitive to对……敏感
be similar to与……相似
be familiar with对……熟悉
be patient with对……有耐心
be popular with受到……的欢迎
10.其他常用短语
according to根据
along with随着
together with连同
to and from...往返于……
but for要不是
by means of借助……手段
by way of经由,经过(某地)
first of all首先
for the good of为了……的利益
for/with the purpose of为了……
for the sake of为了……起见
with the help of在……的帮助下
THE END
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