Unit 1 How can we become good learners Section B
1. I can’t pronounce some of the words. 我不会发其中一些单词的音。
pronounce是动词,“发音”。例如:
I don’t know how to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pronounce this word. 我不知道这个单词怎么发音。
归纳：pronounce的名词形式是pronunciation,“发音,发音法”。类似变化还有:
注意以下动词与名词之间的转化:
动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词 名词
act → action(行动)
explain → explanation(解释)
satisfy → satisfaction(满意)
decide → decision(决定)
discuss → discussion(讨论)
2. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed. 我不知如何提高阅读速度。
how to increase my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reading speed为含有特殊疑问词的不定式短语作宾语,其结构为:特殊疑问词+to+动词原形。例如:
She wants to know what to do next. 她想知道下一步做什么。
Jenny hasn’t decide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d where to go. 珍妮没有决定去哪里。
归纳：动词不定式前面有时加上连接代词what,which或连接副词when,where,how,此结构用在know,tell,wonder,ask,learn,find out之后作宾语。如:
He wonders when to leave for Japan. 他想知道什么时候去日本。
[易错警醒] 在与不定式连用时what是疑问代词,后面的不定式可以不跟宾语,而how是疑问副词,其后的不定式必须跟宾语。例如:
He doesn’t know what to do.=He doesn’t know how to do it. 他不知道怎么办。
3. Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 学习能力是人生而具有的。
(1)born 为动词bear的过去分词,意为“出生”。常用于被动语态be born。be born with“与生俱来的”。例如:
She was born ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with a silver spoon in her mouth. 她生来富贵。
归纳：be born 后跟介词in与 on。
be born in“出生于”+月份/年/具体的地点,be born on“出生于”+具体日期。
—Where was Kimi born ——小小志出生在哪里
—He was born in America. ——他出生在美国。
The little baby was born on a rainy day. 这个小婴儿出生在一个多雨的日子。
(2)ability 作名词,意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“能力”,其复数形式为abilities,其形容词形式为able “能,会”,短语为be able to,相当于can。例如:
It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.
没有见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。
Are you able to do it yourself 你能自己做这件事吗
4. But wheth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
但是,能否做好却要看你的学习习惯。
(1)whether or not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 是“是否”的意思,在这里引导主语从句,还可以引导宾语从句,也可把or not与whether分开。例如:
Ask him whether he can come or not. 问问他是否能来。
(2)depend主要意思为“依 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )靠”、“依赖”、“取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词on,upon 连用,depend on/upon+某人或某物。 例如:
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。
I haven’t got a car,so I have to depend on the buses.
我没有汽车,所以我得乘公共汽车。
拓展：①有时可在某人或某物后用介词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for。如:
We depend on the radio for news. 我们靠收音机听新闻。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。
②depend on/upon+从句。如:
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
③在 It (all) depends on/upon+从句中,介词 on,upon 有时可省略(主要见于口语中)。如:
It all depends how you do it. 那要看你怎么办。
It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 这要看你是否买得起。
④depend on/upon+某人或某物+不定式或动名词。如:
I’m depending on you to do the work. 我指望你做这工作。
You can never depend on him/his arriving on time.
你绝不能指望他能准时到达。
5. ...your brain is more active... ……你的大脑会更加活跃……
active是形容词,其基 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本义为“活动的,活跃的,积极的”,其比较级为more active,最高级为the most active,可用作表语和定语。例如:
Although he is over 80,he is still very active.
他虽然年过80岁,但他还是很活跃。
在 take part in (参加)这一短语中,part前通常不用冠词,但若有了 active 的修饰,则要有an。例如:
He takes an act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive part in school activities. 他积极参加学校各项活动。
归纳 activity n. 活动,活动力 (不可数);(某一领域的或带消遣的)活动(常用复数),其副词形式为actively。
mental activity 脑力活动;p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hysical activity体力活动;social activities 社交活动;political activities 政治活动
[易错警醒] be active in 意为“积极参加”,习惯上不用于体育方面。例如:
[正]He is active in politics.他积极参加政治活动。
[误]He is active in sports.
6. ...it is also e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. ……你会更容易长时间地注意它。
(1)该句型是It+be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+adj.(+for sb.) to do sth. 意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。此句型中,it为形式主语,不定式的复合结构在句中作真正的主语。例如:
It isn’t easy for me to learn English well.学好英语对我来说不容易。
辨析：“It is+ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )j.+(for sb.)to do sth.”和“It is+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.”
①for sb. 常用于表示事物的特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等。例如:
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
②of sb.的句型一般用于表示人物的性格、品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。例如:
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
(2)pay attention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to意为“注意;关注”,其中to为介词,后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语,并不是能构成动词不定式的,这和look forward to是一样的。例如:
The teacher told me to pay attention to my spelling. 老师提醒我要注意拼法。
We should pay more attention to saving food. 我们应该更加关注节约食物。
7. Good learners of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten connect what they need to learn with something interesting. 良好的学习者经常把他们所学的内容和有趣的事物联系起来。
(1)connect v.意为“(使)连接;与……有联系”。通常与介词with,to 连用。如:
Will you connect this wire to the television 请你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗
A good student must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )connect what he reads with what he sees around him.
一个好学生必须将他所读到的东西与他周围所看到的东西联系起来。
[易错警醒] 下列情况,通常用介词with。
①表示关系方面的联系时:
He’s connected with our school. 他与我们学校有联系。
②表示汽车、火车、飞机等交通方面的“相通”、“衔接”时:
The trolleybus conn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ects here with a bus for the airport. 这辆无轨电车与开往机场的公共汽车衔接。
This early bus from th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e village connects with the 8∶30 train. 这辆从村里开来的早班车与8∶30的火车衔接。
(2)what they need to learn是跟在connect后的宾语从句,句子用陈述句语序。例如:
Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么。
8. Practicing and learning from mistakes. 练习,并从错误中学习。
practice 意为“练习”,可作动词,后接动词时,用动名词的形式,即practice doing sth.。
The boy practic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed speaking English every day. 这个男孩每天练习说英语。
归纳 跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词:
suggest建议;finish完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成;avoid避免;mind介意;enjoy喜欢;consider考虑;miss错过;dislike不喜欢;imagine想象;permit允许;practice练习;look forward to盼望;put off推迟;give up放弃;be good at擅长;be afraid of害怕;be busy忙于;instead of代替
9. Even if you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learn something well,you will forget it unless you use it.
即使你学得很好,如果不用,也将会忘记。
unless引导条件状语从句,相当于if条件 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语从句的否定形式,即unless=if ...not。中文意为“如果不……;除非”。unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从句,以及其他时间状语从句一样,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。即所谓的“主将从现”。例如:
You cannot imagine ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.
你不能想象它们多神奇除非你亲眼所见。
[易错警醒] 下列句中unless不能与if not 换用。
①当unless引导非真实条件句时,一般不可改用if...not。如:
They couldn’t afford t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o live in such an expensive apartment unless they were rich.
除非他们很富有,否则就住不起这么昂贵的公寓。
②unless引导的条件句可用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否定结构,而if...not引导的条件句不可再加以否定,因此在unless引导的否定条件句中,不能用if...not替代unless。如:
Don’t ask me to explain unless you really don’t understand.
除非你真不懂,不然别让我解释。
③当unless作介词“除……以外”,“除非”时,if...not不能与其互换使用。如:
Nothing will come out of it unless(=except)disaster.
这件事除了引起灾祸之外,不会有什么结果。
10. They also look for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ways to review what they have learned.他们还会寻觅温故途径。
(1)look for 是“寻找”,强调动作,find是“找到”,强调结果。例如:
He looked for his pen everywhere but he didn’t find it.
他到处找他的钢笔,但是没找到。
归纳：有关look的短语:
look around 四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下张望;look ahead 向前看;look back 回头看、回顾;look right/left 向右看/左看;look well 看起来健康;look ill 看上去有病;look down on(upon) 看不起、轻视;look over 检查;look like 看起来像;look out 向外望、当心;look up 向上看、查(字典);look down 往下看;look up and down 上下打量;look after 照看、照顾
(2)review v.& n.意为“回顾;复习”,作动词时,同义词为go over。
Before the examination we have a review of the term’s work.
考试之前,我们复习一学期的功课。
It’s time to review your schoolwork. 是复习学校功课的时间了。
例1 Linda,I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve to go shopping now. Please _________ your little sister at home.
A. look for B. look like C. look after D. look up
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意为: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我必须去购物了。请在家_________ 你的小妹妹。look for寻找;look like看起来像;look after照看,照顾;look up向上看,查阅。根据情境可知C是最佳答案。故选C。
【答案】C
例2—Excuse me. Could you please tell me _________ my car
—Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.
A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park
【解析】考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法。p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ark指“停放车辆”,stop指“停止、阻止”。句意:打扰一下,你能告诉我到哪里去停放我的车吗 所以选B。
【答案】B
例3 Your dream won’t come true _________ you know what your dream is.
A. after B. unless C. while D. since
【解析】本题考查连词的用法。这四个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词中,after表示的意思为“在……之后”;unless表示的意思为“如果不/除非”;while表示的意思为“当……的时候”,其连接的从句常用进行时态;since表示的意思为“自从”,其连接的从句为一般过去时态,主句用完成时态。根据时态和句意可知B为正确答案。
【答案】B
例4 —What do you usually do in the morning
—I often practice _________ English.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:—— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )早上你通常干什么 ——我经常练习说英语。practice doing sth. 意为“练习做某事”。所以选C。
【答案】C
例5_________ is really hard _________ them to climb such a high mountain.
A. This;to B. It;to C. This;for D. It;for
【解析】考查特定句型 It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) +形容词+ for(of)sb. to do sth.,it是形式主语,真正主语是to do sth.,意为:对某人来说做某事怎么样。故选D。
【答案】D
Unit 1 How can we become good learners Section A
1. I study by working with a group. 我是通过学习小组来学习的。
(1) by doing sth. 意为“通过(方法、途径)做某事”,在句中作方式状语,常用来回答how引导的问句。例如:
—How do you study for the English test ——你是怎样备考英语的
—By making word cards. ——通过制作单词卡片。
(2)by后接动名词或动名词短语,意为“通过/用……(方式)做”,表示方式或途径。例如:
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
辨析：by,in与with
易混词 辨析 例句
by 通过……方法、手段或工具等,其后一般不加冠词。 Did you come here by train 你是乘火车来的吗
in 用某种材料(如用墨水、铅笔等)或用某种语言,或者表示衣着、声调、特点等。 What’s this in English 这个用英语怎么说 Don’t write a letter in pencil.不要用铅笔写信。
with 使用工具、方法或人体部位等。 She cut the apple with a knife.她用小刀切苹果。
2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation 大声朗读练习发音怎么样
(1)What about doing. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).. 意为“做……怎么样 ”相当于How about doing... 常用来征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议。例如:
What about going out for a walk after supper 晚饭后出去散步怎么样
What/How about... 意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“……怎么样 ”常用来征求对方的意见或询问有关情况。about为介词,其后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
【链接】What about/How about后还可以接名词或代词作宾语。
What about six o’cloc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k tomorrow morning 明天上午七点钟怎么样
归纳：询问或征求意见或建议的句型还有:
(2)aloud为副词,意为“出声地;大声地”,强调发出的声音能让人听见。例如:
It is very important to read aloud in studying English.大声朗读对于学习英语很重要。
3. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 要理解英语口语简直太难了。
(1)句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。在英语中,不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语置后。例如:
It’s necessary to get enough sleep every day. 每天有充足的睡眠是非常必要的。
(2)too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,其结构是“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”,且结构本身表示否定含义。如:
The girl was too frightened to say a word. 那个小女孩吓得一句话也说不出来。
【链接】 too...to...常与以下结构作同义句转化:
4. I have to finish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reading a book and give a report next Monday.我必须读完一本书,下星期一做报告。
(1)动词finish是及物动词,finish sth. 完成某事,finish doing sth. 做完某事。如:
When are you going to finish your work 你打算什么时候完成你的工作
He finished reading the book before supper. 晚饭前他把这本书看完了。
辨析：end,finish与ove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
(1)end有名词之义,也有动词之义,均表示“停止”“结束”某一进程,也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止,但不强调是否已经圆满完成。常用来指旅行、讲演、争论、战争等结束或终止。例如:
They ended the party off with a song. 他们唱支歌结束了晚会。
(2)finish作及物动词,强调完成自己所计划要干的或所规定的事情或动作,并含有最后加以润色,使之完美的意味。例如:
I’ve finished my school homework. 我已经做完我的学校作业了。
(3)over作“结束”时是副词。例如:
Class is over. 下课了。
5. The more you read,the faster you’ll be. 你读得越多,你就会读得越快。
“the+比较级,the+比较级” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为“越……越……”,表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化,前一个“the+比较级”相当于状语从句,从句不可用将来时;后一个“the+比较级”为主句。例如:
The earlier you start,the sooner you’ll be back. 你出发得越早,回来得就越早。
6. I was afraid to ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) questions because of my poor pronunciation. 我因发音不好而不敢问问题。
(1)be afraid“害怕,不敢”,其后跟不定式表示“害怕做某事”,也可跟that宾语从句。例如:
She is afraid to go out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。
I’m afraid we can’t come. 很抱歉,我们不能来。
辨析：be afraid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to do与be afraid of doing
两个短语都有“不敢去做某事”的意思,但be afraid to do sth.真正的意思是“害怕做某事”,也就是不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为“怕”;be afraid of doing sth.表示主语内心里不情愿做某事,也可以说是不希望发生某事,但自己不一定能避免它。例如:
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
She was afraid to swim because she was afraid of drowning.
她不敢游泳,因为她担心会被淹死。
(2)because“由于,因为”,是连词,其后跟原因状语从句。例如:
She doesn’t go to school because she is ill. 她没来上学因为她生病了。
7. So I began to watch other English movies as well. 于是我也开始观看其他的英文电影。
as well作“又;也”讲,常用作状语,相当于too或also,常位于句末,无须用逗号与句子分开。如:
I am going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o London and my sister is going as well(=going,too).我要到伦敦去,我妹妹也要去。
I not only play the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) guitar,I sing as well(=I also sing ).我不但弹吉他,而且还演唱。
辨析：too,either,also与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as well
①too放在句子末尾,通常用逗号隔开。例如:
I am a student,too. 我也是一名学生。
②either在否定句中使用,但是放在句子末尾,通常用逗号隔开。例如:
Lucy doesn’t go to the party,either. 露西也没有去参加派对。
③ also则放在系动词be之后,实义动词之前。例如:
I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。
Li Ming also takes part in a ceremony. 李明也参加了仪式。
④as well 用在肯定句中,放在句子末尾。例如:
Tony speaks Japanese as well. 托尼也会说日语。
总之,too是肯定句中的“也”,either则是否定句中的“也”,放的位置都在句子末尾;also则是放在句中的“也”;as well是放在句末的“也”。
8. I discovered t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. 我发现听有趣的东西是语言学习的秘诀。
(1)discover表示“发现”某一具体的东西,后接名词或代词作宾语。如:
Who discovered America 谁发现了美洲
It was discovered am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong waste paper. 这是在废纸中发现的。
归纳：discover表示“发现”某一情况,其后的宾语可以是:
①名词或代词。如:
We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快发现了事实真相。
②复合宾语。如:
We discovered her to be a good cook. 我们发现她很会煮饭。
③疑问词+不定式。如:
We haven’t discovered how to improve it. 我们还没找到改进它的办法。
④从句。如:
I discovered that my wallet had been stolen. 我发现我的钱包被偷了。
辨析：discover和invent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
discover是“发现已经存在的东西”,而invent则是“发明不存在的东西”。
The Wright brothers invented the plane. 莱特兄弟发明了飞机。
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
(2)该句子是discover后跟th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at引导的宾语从句,从句的主语是listening...,是动名词作主语,此时,句子谓语要用单数形式。例如:
Smoking is a bad habit. 吸烟是坏习惯。
Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy. 每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。
9. But because ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I wanted to understand the story,I looked up the words in a dictionary. 不过,因为想弄明白这个故事,我就查字典了。
look up 动词短语,“查找”,一般指在字典或者电话号码薄中查询。例如:
Please look up the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )new words in the dictionary. 请在字典里查一下新单词。
归纳 look up为“动词+副词”构成的短语,代词作宾语时放在中间。例如:
If you want to know how a word is used,look it up in a dictionary.
如果你想知道一个词是怎样用的,就去查查字典。
例1 You can improve your English____________ practicing more.
A. by B. with C. of D. in
【解析】本题考查介词的用法。by表示方式, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“通过;经由”;with“用;和……在一起”;of“关于;属于……的”;in“在……里;用”。由句意“你可以通过多练习提高你的英语水平”可知,by表示方式,符合题意。
【答案】A
例2 —I feel str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essed from time to time. Could you give me some advice —____________ sharing your worries with your parents
A. Why don’t you B. How about
C. Why not D. Would you like
【解析】考查提建议的句型。Why do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t you后接动词的原形;How about后接动名词;Why not后接动词的原形;Would you like后接动词不定式。由答句中的动词sharing知,用句型:How about...,所以选择答案B。
【答案】 B
例3 Li Na is ____________famous ____________ all the tennis fans in China know her.
A. too;to B. enough;to C. as;as D. so;that
【解析】考查结果状语从句。由all th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e tennis fans in China know her是个句子可知用so...that连接两个句子。所以选择答案D。
【答案】D
例4 ____________childre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n there are in a family,____________ their life will be.
A. The less;the better B. The fewer;the better
C. Fewer;richer D. More;poorer
【解析】考查形容词比较级的特殊用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )即:the+比较级,the+比较级表示“越……越……”。又根据句意是“每个家庭中的孩子越少,他们的生活就会越好”,修饰可数名词复数children要用few,所以选择答案B。
【答案】B
