集训03 阅读理解说明文
1.（2024·福建泉州·统考二模）When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way.
Now, inspired by octopus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine.
To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules.
40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications.
Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.
1．Why do the researchers develop the patch
A．To help patients overcome the fear of needles.
B．To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly.
C．To offer a better way of drug delivery.
D．To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills.
2．What does the research on dogs prove
A．It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches.
B．The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans.
C．Patches fall easily with their mouth movement.
D．Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills.
3．Which of the following can best describe the device
A．Innovative and profitable.
B．Effective and user-friendly.
C．Affordable and accessible.
D．Flexible and long-lasting.
4．What does the last paragraph stress
A．The related issues to be solved.
B．The risk of using patches repeatedly.
C．The way to identity large molecules.
D．The trouble of improving the technology.
2.（2024·广东·模拟预测）A new outdoor fabric (织物) stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses.
This is the invention of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer based in Tel Aviv, Israel. She designed a fabric that includes organic and solar photovoltaic cells (光伏电池). The cells capture sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. Green said, “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the area we want to light only.”
The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark.
The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to address climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” Huldai said. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy.
The new fabric can be fixed atop bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many big cities in Israel are planning on adopting LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (大遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone — we’re creating an application,” Green said. LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.
5．How does the new outdoor fabric work
A．By turning household waste into clean energy.
B．By using photovoltaic cells to promote plant growth.
C．By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way.
D．By changing its temperatures according to the weather.
6．Which of the following can be the feature of LumiWeave
A．It’s functional and cost-effective.
B．It takes up a lot of public space.
C．It’s equipped with self-repair materials.
D．It can broadcast weather conditions more quickly.
7．What’s Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive.
8．What can we infer about LumiWeave from Paragraph 5
A．It may cause safety concerns.
B．It will be further developed for wider use.
C．It will be replaced by more intelligent devices.
D．It can reduce the waiting time in some places.
3.（2024·福建漳州·统考二模）In the Pixar movie Up, a fun cartoon dog called Dug wears a magical collar which can detect and translate his barks and cries into fluent human speech. Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more.
There are several ways to train AI systems now. Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals. A group studying Egyptian fruit bats, for example, also used video cameras to record the bats themselves to provide context for the calls.
Many critics of this approach point out two weaknesses of current AI language models: being unable to truly understand the relationships between words and the objects in the real world, and scientists’ little understanding of animal societies. Al language models for humans rely on a computer mapping out the relationship between words and the contexts they could appear in. But these models have their own weak points, and can sometimes be a black box—researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion.
Another factor that researchers should take into account is that animal communications might not work at all like human communications. There might be unique elements to animal language due to physiological and behavioral differences.
Making a Translator for animals has been a popular project that’s been in the works for the last decade. Although some software has shown some success in identifying the basic vocabulary of certain animals, it’s still a far cry from understanding the complex animal languages.
9．Why do researchers use Al to analyze animals’ calls
A．To tell the differences among animals.
B．To test Al’s ability of translating animal language.
C．To understand animal language better.
D．To explore the fun of communicating with animals.
10．What makes analyzing animal language different
A．The lack of labeled data for training Al systems.
B．The difficulty in relating human speech to real objects.
C．The need for sound recordings to provide context.
D．The matching of vocal recordings with their calls.
11．What does the underlined term “black box” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Al language models to study animal communication.
B．The researchers’ study on animal societies.
C．The relationship between words and context.
D．The method of Al algorithms to draw conclusions.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Al systems for animal language translation.
B．Limitations of current Al language models.
C．Unique aspects of detecting animal language.
D．Challenges in creating a translator for animals.
4.（2024·福建漳州·统考二模）With the arrival of the summer heat, cultural-themed ice creams are once again trending across social media platforms in China.
Museums, scenic spots, amusement parks and even universities have once again rolled out their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relies that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds.
The trend of cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was one of the first scenic spots in China to introduce lotus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus(莲花)seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus blossoms. These ice creams were widely loved by visitors, not only serving as a cold treat but also offering a unique way for visitors to sample and connect with their cultural heritage.
To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs prohibiting photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit. Various flavors offer visitors a choice of colors and ingredients for the ice cream, which reflect the local characteristics and charm of these cold treats. It is also suggested by the museums that the visitors can take the carved ice cream bars home with them to use as bookmarks.
For many young people, taking photos of themselves standing alongside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference from their parents’ generation. To them, a selfie(自拍)with a cultural -themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences and bridge the gap between modern life and distant historical relics.
13．What can we learn about cultural-themed ice creams from the first two paragraphs
A．Visitors spend much money on them. B．They may be shaped like landmarks.
C．Visitors are eager to try their taste. D．They are made due to summer heat.
14．What inspired the idea of cultural-themed ice creams
A．The Old Summer Palace. B．The wide love by visitors.
C．The blossoms of the six seeds. D．The discovery of ancient lotus.
15．For what are cultural-themed ice creams well-received
A．Protecting cultural relics. B．Remembering one’s visit.
C．Being used as bookmarks. D．Offering visitors various flavors.
16．Why do the youth take the selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream
A．To do something different. B．To bridge the gap with their parents.
C．To show off their cooler way to travel. D．To show their connection with culture.
5.（2024·湖南岳阳·统考一模）If this year’s turkey seems over salty, blame your brain.
The question of when saltiness becomes too salty is decided by a special set of neurons (神经元) in the front of the brain while a separate set of neurons in the back of the brain adjusts your appetite for salt, which the researchers showed in a series of experiments on mice.
“We are happy to drink sodas, sports drinks, and even tap water that contain a little salt. But if you imagine a very high concentration of sodium like ocean water, you really hate it. ”says Yuki Oka, an author of the study and a professor of biology at Caltech. This hatred to super salty foods and drinks holds unless your body is really low on salt something that’s pretty rare in people these days.
But experiments with mice found that when salt levels drop sharply, the tolerance for salty water goes up. The reason for this change involves at least two different interactions between the body and brain. When the sodium in the bloodstream begins to fall below healthy levels, a set of neurons in the back of the brain respond by dialing up an animal’s desire for salt. Meanwhile, a different set of neurons in the front of the brain monitors the saltiness of any food or water the mice are consuming. And usually, these neurons will set an upper limit on saltiness. But when salt levels get extremely low, the body sends a signal that is superior to these salt-limiting neurons, which allows mice to tolerate the saltiness of sea water.
The new study also found evidence that the brain cells involved in salt tolerance respond to hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. These substances, which circulate in the bloodstream, are best known for their role in causing inflammation, fever, and pain. Now it’s becoming increasingly clear that they also play a role in altering salt tolerance.
“Wars were fought over salt just a few centuries ago, and at least one previous effort failed badly, for a simple reason- awful taste.” says Stephen Liberles, a professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Harvard Medical School. “So finding a better option may require more than just research on how the brain monitors salt intake. Scientists also need to understand how that substitute will interact with our taste sense.”
17．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．The question of feeling salty. B．The design of YukiOka’s experiment.
C．The consequences of feeling over salty. D．The underlying reason for feeling too salty.
18．We might desire a very high concentration of sodium like ocean water when ________.
A．the sodium in the bloodstream begins to drop slightly
B．neurons in the front of the brain monitors the saltiness
C．neurons in the back of the brain responds to rather low salt level
D．body sends a signal that is inferior to these salt-limiting neurons
19．What is the Stephen Liberles’ attitude toward Yuki Oka’s studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
20．What is the best title of the passage
A．Salty much The brain cells decide! B．Salty or not The sodium dominates!
C．Too salty It is the salt tolerance trick! D．Rather Salty It depends on your back brain!
6.（2024·广东佛山·统考一模）A China plane struck a bird after taking off in Chengdu, Sichuan, and had to immediately return to the airport last October, and it wasn’t the first accident between an aircraft and a bird last year.
In fact, more than 20,000 wildlife strikes with aircraft were reported worldwide in 2023 — the vast majority of those animals being birds. The strikes can also include run-ins with bats or creatures on the ground, such as deer or turtles. Expanding wildlife populations, increases in number of aircraft movements, and a trend toward faster and quieter aircraft all have contributed to the increase in wildlife strikes.
Bird strikes are a hazard not just to commercial airplanes, but to all sorts of aircraft. However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. Last year, 95% of the global strikes involved some kind of damage — and only 5% of those caused “substantial” damage.
Some of the most disturbing types of strikes can happen when one or more birds go into a plane’s engine, which might cause a lot of damage to the aircraft. The pilot would need to return to the airport or find a safe place to land.
In last October’s China plane incident, the Beijing-bound flight was able to land normally in Chengdu after taking into account what the airline described as security concerns. Senior captain Chen Jianguo said pilots are trained on how to respond if they have a bird strike in flight. The pilot in this case did exactly what he was trained to do.
“There are lots of things that are being used by airports to try to manage the habitat and birds around the airport,” said Chen Jianguo. Airports need to manage bird habitats to reduce or get rid of trees and plants that shelter birds, or address wetlands that can attract birds. Collecting data on what kinds of birds are involved in strikes is equally important so the risks can better be managed. Many airports also use audible signals to scare birds away, such as the sounds of fireworks.
21．What is a cause of the increase in wildlife strikes
A．The poorly designed aircraft.
B．The growing number of birds.
C．The destruction of wildlife habitats.
D．The absence of environmental awareness.
22．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Danger. B．Delay. C．Accident. D．Reminder.
23．What does the historical data tell us about bird strikes
A．They are a rare occurrence.
B．They usually damage engines.
C．Most of them cause slight damage.
D．Most of them involve one single bird.
24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Ways to study bird behavior.
B．Measures to drive birds away.
C．Efforts to restore bird habitat.
D．Attempts to take care of birds.
7.（2024·广东·校联考一模）Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea — full of holes.
According to Professor Lum, ChatGPT offers students a wealth of information. Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer. It’s about the journey of discovery. ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts. It’s like awarding a participation medal for a race that hasn’t even begun!
He also claims that ChatGPT improves communication skills. Seriously Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves.
Oh, and let’s not forget about critical thinking. Professor Lum thinks ChatGPT challenges students to think critically. But come on, folks! It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that.
Lastly, Professor Lum believes ChatGPT can provide support and guidance. Again, seriously Are we going to replace human emotions with lines of code (代码) ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction. Let us not abandon our students, leaving them to feel more alone and disconnected than ever before.
Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education.
25．What is compared to a participation medal in paragraph 2
A．A walking encyclopedia. B．A journey to explore.
C．A vast database. D．An answer.
26．What can be inferred about ChatGPT from paragraphs 3~5
A．It is not good at socializing. B．It is a skilled critical thinker.
C．It offers nothing helpful to humans. D．It forms a warm bond with humans.
27．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A．Totally negative. B．Fully supportive.
C．Highly skeptical. D．Quite indifferent.
28．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To criticize a viewpoint. B．To question an authority.
C．To clarify two arguments. D．To compare two chatbots.
8.（2024·广东·校联考一模）The world of underwater slumber is unlike what we see on the surface. For mammals (哺乳动物), a good night’s sleep sends an animal into a state of unconsciousness (无知觉) during hours of restorative sleeping that helps heal the body and solidify memories firmly in the mind. For fish, however, sleep isn’t such a well-defined process. Instead, many fish species have taken to spending short periods in a state of reduced activity or rest while keeping their eyes open to scan the water for potential threats. During these periods of reduced activity, a fish’s bodily functions slow down and its watchfulness drops.
The breadth of animals in the ocean that exhibit this type of reduced activity is wide-reaching. Among the hundreds of thousands of creatures in the sea, some merely ride along with the current, such as jellyfish. Others find rocky bedrooms for the night, while those such as stingrays bury themselves in the sand to rest. However, it must be really hard to get a good night’s sleep when you breathe air but live in water. This is something that the world’s underwater mammals have to deal with.
To prevent themselves from drowning (溺死) in their sleep, underwater mammals such as dolphins and manatees have developed the ability to “turn off” one side of their brain to rest, known as unihemispheric sleep. While one side is fast asleep, the other keeps all the animal’s vital functions running, such as breathing. Manatees, for example, love to sleep, spending up to 12 hours a day in a deep slumber. However, as air-breathing animals, manatees need to surface every 20 minutes or so for oxygen. To achieve this, the half of the brain that’s still awake sends the sleeping manatee to the surface to get some air.
29．What does the underlined word “slumber” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Rest. B．Sleep. C．Danger. D．Activity.
30．Why is it hard to define sleep for fish
A．Because fish remain partially awake. B．Because fish need short resting time.
C．Because fish possess no consciousness. D．Because fish pretend not to be sleeping.
31．What is a challenge faced by underwater mammals
A．Hiding in sand. B．Riding the current.
C．Finding spots to rest. D．Breathing while sleeping.
32．How do manatees ensure their oxygen supply during sleep
A．By sleeping less. B．By adapting to the sea.
C．By surfacing periodically. D．By controlling their breath.
9.（2024·福建·统考一模）Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it’s night. That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech（California Institute of Technology）are exploring. They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet. Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction. If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave. But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out. The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It’s a little like using a magnifying（放大的）glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.
To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space. This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up. Next, MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech. The scientists were able to detect the energy, proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project’s leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.
33．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
34．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A．By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
35．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr. Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
36．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
10.（2024·山东枣庄·统考一模）Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely stroll through the streets — this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means “roaming around the city” on foot. Participants can follow a distinctive urban route, soaking up the atmosphere, exploring old buildings, browsing boutique shops, sipping a cup of coffee, or indulging in authentic local snacks.
Citywalk can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a leisurely stroll for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more inclusive experience of the places you visit. Besides interacting with a city, Citywalk provides young people with a new social scene, where they who share the same interests and ideas can easily make friends.
In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture researchers and enthusiasts to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi, a young entrepreneur in Changsha, recently launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha route features more offbeat sights like historical architecture from the 19th century, artsy old alleys, and even a stop-off to sample the local spicy crayfish specialty.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, it is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences based on their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands.
37．Why do young people choose Citywalk
A．To enjoy a guided tour.
B．To cut down expenses.
C．To dig deeper into a city.
D．To make new friends.
38．What is the most notable feature about Citywalk
A．Doing sightseeing on foot. B．Avoiding hot scenic spots.
C．Taking a local tour guide. D．Keeping a fixed urban route.
39．What might Xiao Yiyi be
A．A tour guide B．A culture researcher.
C．A Citywalk enthusiast. D．An event organizer.
40．What is the author’s attitude to the Citywalk trend
A．Favorable. B．Dismissive C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.集训03 阅读理解说明文
1.（2024·福建泉州·统考二模）When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way.
Now, inspired by octopus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine.
To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules.
40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications.
Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.
1．Why do the researchers develop the patch
A．To help patients overcome the fear of needles.
B．To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly.
C．To offer a better way of drug delivery.
D．To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills.
2．What does the research on dogs prove
A．It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches.
B．The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans.
C．Patches fall easily with their mouth movement.
D．Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills.
3．Which of the following can best describe the device
A．Innovative and profitable.
B．Effective and user-friendly.
C．Affordable and accessible.
D．Flexible and long-lasting.
4．What does the last paragraph stress
A．The related issues to be solved.
B．The risk of using patches repeatedly.
C．The way to identity large molecules.
D．The trouble of improving the technology.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国和瑞士研究人员设计了一种用来输送药物的杯状贴片装置。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way.(虽然患者可以选择服用口服药片，但这种含有大分子的药物不能有效吸收。)”和第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”可知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. (三小时后，研究小组发现，贴着贴片的狗血液中的药物浓度比服用药片的狗高出150多倍。)”可知，对狗的研究证明，贴片比药片更能吸收药物。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”和第三段中“They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. (他们还发现贴片对大分子药物有效。)”以及第四段中“Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. (大多数志愿者表示，他们更喜欢贴片，而不是每天注射。)”可知，该设备的特点是有效和对用户友好。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. (不过，该团队只测试了很短的时间，所以他们需要弄清楚如果反复使用会发生什么。)”和“They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.(他们还需要确定哪些药物可以与该技术一起工作：目标是大分子，例如用于治疗肥胖或骨质疏松症的药物，但它们不能太大而无法装入杯子（杯状贴片）。)”可知，最后一段强调了这一技术还需要解决的相关问题。故选A项。
2.（2024·广东·模拟预测）A new outdoor fabric (织物) stores energy by day and then lights up at night. Being tested in a city park, this totally “cool” fabric has attracted interest for its many urban uses.
This is the invention of Anai Green, an industrial and product designer based in Tel Aviv, Israel. She designed a fabric that includes organic and solar photovoltaic cells (光伏电池). The cells capture sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. Green said, “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural. And we spread light in the area we want to light only.”
The system was designed to adapt to all weather conditions and can continue to provide lighting even after three days without sunlight. In addition, you simply put LumiWeave up and the sun will do the work. This in itself saves 50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills. This is great news for cities. Tel Aviv, Green’s hometown, is trying out LumiWeave in AtidimPark.
The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to address climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” Huldai said. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy.
The new fabric can be fixed atop bike paths, in children’s parks and in walking areas. Many big cities in Israel are planning on adopting LumiWeave. As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (大遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone — we’re creating an application,” Green said. LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.
5．How does the new outdoor fabric work
A．By turning household waste into clean energy.
B．By using photovoltaic cells to promote plant growth.
C．By providing shade and energy in an eco-friendly way.
D．By changing its temperatures according to the weather.
6．Which of the following can be the feature of LumiWeave
A．It’s functional and cost-effective.
B．It takes up a lot of public space.
C．It’s equipped with self-repair materials.
D．It can broadcast weather conditions more quickly.
7．What’s Ron Huldai’s attitude towards LumiWeave
A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Supportive.
8．What can we infer about LumiWeave from Paragraph 5
A．It may cause safety concerns.
B．It will be further developed for wider use.
C．It will be replaced by more intelligent devices.
D．It can reduce the waiting time in some places.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了以色列特拉维夫的一位工业和产品设计师设计了一种包含有机和太阳能光伏电池的织物。电池捕获阳光并将能量储存在带led的条带中，使得这种织物在白天为公共空间遮阳。夜幕降临时，这些织物就会亮起来为城市照明。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The cells capture sunlight and store the energy in strips with LEDs. This allows the fabric to shade public space by day. When night falls, these strips light up. When night falls, these strips light up. Green said, “We use LumiWeave to light public space without carbon emissions, making the lighting all-natural.”（电池捕获阳光并将能量储存在带led的条带中。这使得这种织物在白天为公共空间遮阳。夜幕降临时，这些织物就会亮起来。格林说:“我们使用LumiWeave来照亮公共空间，没有碳排放，使照明完全自然）可知，织物的工作方式是以环保的方式提供阴凉和能源。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“This in itself saves50 percent of the cost of building standard lighting, and it saves 100 percent on the electricity bills.”（这本身就节省了50%的建筑标准照明成本，并节省了100%的电费。），根据第四段“The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy.”（市长补充说，LumiWeave特别重要，因为它解决了城市地区的遮阳问题，并使用了清洁能源。）和最后一段“LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens.”（LumiWeave为城市公园和花园提供了理想的解决方案。）可知，LumiWeave是实用的和划算的。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The mayor of Tel Aviv, Ron Huldai, is making efforts to address climate change. “LumiWeave will turn out to be a groundbreaking project,” Huldai said. The mayor added that LumiWeave is especially important as it solves the issue of shading urban areas and uses clean energy.”（特拉维夫市市长Ron Huldai正在努力解决气候变化问题。“LumiWeave将成为一个开创性的项目，”Huldai说。市长补充说，LumiWeave特别重要，因为它解决了城市地区的遮阳问题，并使用了清洁能源。）可知，Ron Huldai对于LumiWeave是支持的。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As there is also use for the fabric in outdoor sitting areas of restaurants and hotels, Green has developed a LumiWeave parasol (大遮阳伞). “We are now developing the possibility of controlling it from the phone — we’re creating an application,” Green said. LumiWeave provides an ideal solution for urban parks and gardens. We hope that it will soon be lighting up night skies around the world.”（由于这种面料也可以用于餐馆和酒店的户外休息区，格林开发了一款LumiWeave遮阳伞(大遮阳伞)。格林说:“我们正在开发通过手机控制它的可能性——我们正在开发一个应用程序。”LumiWeave为城市公园和花园提供了理想的解决方案。我们希望它能很快照亮世界各地的夜空。）可知，LumiWeave将被进一步开发以得到更广泛的应用。故选B项。
3.（2024·福建漳州·统考二模）In the Pixar movie Up, a fun cartoon dog called Dug wears a magical collar which can detect and translate his barks and cries into fluent human speech. Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more.
There are several ways to train AI systems now. Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals. A group studying Egyptian fruit bats, for example, also used video cameras to record the bats themselves to provide context for the calls.
Many critics of this approach point out two weaknesses of current AI language models: being unable to truly understand the relationships between words and the objects in the real world, and scientists’ little understanding of animal societies. Al language models for humans rely on a computer mapping out the relationship between words and the contexts they could appear in. But these models have their own weak points, and can sometimes be a black box—researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion.
Another factor that researchers should take into account is that animal communications might not work at all like human communications. There might be unique elements to animal language due to physiological and behavioral differences.
Making a Translator for animals has been a popular project that’s been in the works for the last decade. Although some software has shown some success in identifying the basic vocabulary of certain animals, it’s still a far cry from understanding the complex animal languages.
9．Why do researchers use Al to analyze animals’ calls
A．To tell the differences among animals.
B．To test Al’s ability of translating animal language.
C．To understand animal language better.
D．To explore the fun of communicating with animals.
10．What makes analyzing animal language different
A．The lack of labeled data for training Al systems.
B．The difficulty in relating human speech to real objects.
C．The need for sound recordings to provide context.
D．The matching of vocal recordings with their calls.
11．What does the underlined term “black box” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Al language models to study animal communication.
B．The researchers’ study on animal societies.
C．The relationship between words and context.
D．The method of Al algorithms to draw conclusions.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Al systems for animal language translation.
B．Limitations of current Al language models.
C．Unique aspects of detecting animal language.
D．Challenges in creating a translator for animals.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员在运用人工智能来识别动物的叫声，试图与动物交流的研究中所遇到的困难与挑战。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Humans have always been fascinated by the potential to communicate with the animals. This week, an article in the New York Times documented major efforts from a group of researchers using machine-learning algorithms (算法) to analyze the different calls of whales, chickens, bats, cats, and more.(人类一直着迷于与动物交流的潜力。本周，《纽约时报》的一篇文章记录了一组研究人员使用机器学习算法分析鲸鱼、鸡、蝙蝠、猫等不同叫声的重大努力。)”可推知，研究人员使用人工智能分析动物叫声的目的是为了能更好地理解动物语言。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Typically, Al systems learn through training with labeled data of human language which can be well supplied by the Internet. But analyzing animal language is different. Scientists have to instruct software programs on what to look for, and how to organize the data. This process requires matching gained vocal (发声的) recordings with the visual social behaviors of animals.(通常，人工智能系统通过训练人类语言的标记数据来学习，这些数据可以通过互联网很好地提供。但是分析动物的语言是不同的。科学家必须指导软件程序寻找什么，以及如何组织数据。这个过程需要将获得的声音记录与动物的视觉社会行为相匹配。)”可推知，分析动物语言和分析人类语言的不同之处在于前者缺乏用于培训人工智能系统的动物语言标签数据。故选A。
11．词句猜题题。根据划线词组所在句中的“researchers know what goes in and comes out, but don’t quite understand how the algorithm is arriving at the conclusion.(研究人员知道输进去什么，得出什么结论，但不太了解算法是如何得出结论的。)”可知，“black box”指代的是人工智能算法得出结论的方法。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段引出研究人员试图通过人工智能来分析动物叫声从而与动物进行交流的话题；第二段至四段分析这种方法所面临的困难与挑战；第五段总结通过人工智能来分析动物叫声从而与动物交流仍然任重道远。由此可知，文章主要介绍了创造动物语言翻译系统面临的挑战。故选D。
4.（2024·福建漳州·统考二模）With the arrival of the summer heat, cultural-themed ice creams are once again trending across social media platforms in China.
Museums, scenic spots, amusement parks and even universities have once again rolled out their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relies that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds.
The trend of cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was one of the first scenic spots in China to introduce lotus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus(莲花)seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus blossoms. These ice creams were widely loved by visitors, not only serving as a cold treat but also offering a unique way for visitors to sample and connect with their cultural heritage.
To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs prohibiting photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit. Various flavors offer visitors a choice of colors and ingredients for the ice cream, which reflect the local characteristics and charm of these cold treats. It is also suggested by the museums that the visitors can take the carved ice cream bars home with them to use as bookmarks.
For many young people, taking photos of themselves standing alongside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference from their parents’ generation. To them, a selfie(自拍)with a cultural -themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences and bridge the gap between modern life and distant historical relics.
13．What can we learn about cultural-themed ice creams from the first two paragraphs
A．Visitors spend much money on them. B．They may be shaped like landmarks.
C．Visitors are eager to try their taste. D．They are made due to summer heat.
14．What inspired the idea of cultural-themed ice creams
A．The Old Summer Palace. B．The wide love by visitors.
C．The blossoms of the six seeds. D．The discovery of ancient lotus.
15．For what are cultural-themed ice creams well-received
A．Protecting cultural relics. B．Remembering one’s visit.
C．Being used as bookmarks. D．Offering visitors various flavors.
16．Why do the youth take the selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream
A．To do something different. B．To bridge the gap with their parents.
C．To show off their cooler way to travel. D．To show their connection with culture.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文创雪糕再次成为中国社交媒体平台上的热门话题及其兴起和发展。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relies that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds.(这些冰淇淋通常是著名地标或文化景点的微小复制品，为游客提供味蕾的乐趣)”可知，文创雪糕的形状可能像地标。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus(莲花)seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus blossoms.(它的灵感来自于2017年在圆明园的一个池塘里发现的11颗古老的莲子。2019年夏天，六颗古老的莲子开花了。为了纪念这一节日，圆明园的工作人员设计了莲花形状的冰淇淋)”可知，文创雪糕的灵感来自于六颗莲子的花朵。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs prohibiting photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit.(为了保护文物，许多博物馆都张贴了禁止摄影或使用闪光灯的标志。然而，文创雪糕为游客提供了另一种方式来捕捉他们的访问记忆)”可推知，文创雪糕广受欢迎是由于可以帮助记住游客的来访。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To them, a selfie(自拍)with a cultural -themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences and bridge the gap between modern life and distant historical relics.(对他们来说，拿着文创雪糕自拍是一种更酷的方式，可以展示他们的旅行经历，弥合现代生活和遥远历史遗迹之间的差距)”可推知，年轻人拿着文创雪糕自拍是为了展示他们与文化的联系。故选D项。
5.（2024·湖南岳阳·统考一模）If this year’s turkey seems over salty, blame your brain.
The question of when saltiness becomes too salty is decided by a special set of neurons (神经元) in the front of the brain while a separate set of neurons in the back of the brain adjusts your appetite for salt, which the researchers showed in a series of experiments on mice.
“We are happy to drink sodas, sports drinks, and even tap water that contain a little salt. But if you imagine a very high concentration of sodium like ocean water, you really hate it. ”says Yuki Oka, an author of the study and a professor of biology at Caltech. This hatred to super salty foods and drinks holds unless your body is really low on salt something that’s pretty rare in people these days.
But experiments with mice found that when salt levels drop sharply, the tolerance for salty water goes up. The reason for this change involves at least two different interactions between the body and brain. When the sodium in the bloodstream begins to fall below healthy levels, a set of neurons in the back of the brain respond by dialing up an animal’s desire for salt. Meanwhile, a different set of neurons in the front of the brain monitors the saltiness of any food or water the mice are consuming. And usually, these neurons will set an upper limit on saltiness. But when salt levels get extremely low, the body sends a signal that is superior to these salt-limiting neurons, which allows mice to tolerate the saltiness of sea water.
The new study also found evidence that the brain cells involved in salt tolerance respond to hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. These substances, which circulate in the bloodstream, are best known for their role in causing inflammation, fever, and pain. Now it’s becoming increasingly clear that they also play a role in altering salt tolerance.
“Wars were fought over salt just a few centuries ago, and at least one previous effort failed badly, for a simple reason- awful taste.” says Stephen Liberles, a professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Harvard Medical School. “So finding a better option may require more than just research on how the brain monitors salt intake. Scientists also need to understand how that substitute will interact with our taste sense.”
17．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．The question of feeling salty. B．The design of YukiOka’s experiment.
C．The consequences of feeling over salty. D．The underlying reason for feeling too salty.
18．We might desire a very high concentration of sodium like ocean water when ________.
A．the sodium in the bloodstream begins to drop slightly
B．neurons in the front of the brain monitors the saltiness
C．neurons in the back of the brain responds to rather low salt level
D．body sends a signal that is inferior to these salt-limiting neurons
19．What is the Stephen Liberles’ attitude toward Yuki Oka’s studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
20．What is the best title of the passage
A．Salty much The brain cells decide! B．Salty or not The sodium dominates!
C．Too salty It is the salt tolerance trick! D．Rather Salty It depends on your back brain!
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类感知咸味的秘密在于脑细胞，解释了相关研究以及研究发现。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“The question of when saltiness becomes too salty is decided by a special set of neurons (神经元) in the front of the brain while a separate set of neurons in the back of the brain adjusts your appetite for salt, which the researchers showed in a series of experiments on mice.(当咸度变得太咸时，这个问题是由大脑前部的一组特殊神经元决定的，而大脑后部的一组单独的神经元调节你对盐的食欲，研究人员在老鼠身上进行了一系列实验)”可知，从第二段我们能了解到感觉太咸的根本的原因。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“When the sodium in the bloodstream begins to fall below healthy levels, a set of neurons in the back of the brain respond by dialing up an animal’s desire for salt.(当血液中的钠含量开始低于健康水平时，大脑后部的一组神经元就会做出反应，唤起动物对盐的渴望)”可知，当大脑后部的神经元对相当低的盐水平做出反应时，我们可能渴望像海水一样高浓度的钠。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Wars were fought over salt just a few centuries ago, and at least one previous effort failed badly, for a simple reason- awful taste.” says Stephen Liberles, a professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at Harvard Medical School. “So finding a better option may require more than just research on how the brain monitors salt intake. Scientists also need to understand how that substitute will interact with our taste sense.”(“就在几个世纪前，人们还为盐而战，至少之前的一次努力失败了，原因很简单——味道太差。”哈佛医学院霍华德·休斯医学研究所研究员、教授斯蒂芬·利伯勒斯说。“因此，找到一个更好的选择可能需要的不仅仅是研究大脑如何监测盐的摄入量。科学家还需要了解这种替代品是如何与我们的味觉相互作用的。”)”可推知，Stephen Liberles对Yuki Oka研究的态度是“客观的”。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。结合文章的第一段“If this year’s turkey seems over salty, blame your brain.(如果今年的火鸡看起来太咸了，那就怪你的大脑了)”、第二段“The question of when saltiness becomes too salty is decided by a special set of neurons (神经元) in the front of the brain while a separate set of neurons in the back of the brain adjusts your appetite for salt, which the researchers showed in a series of experiments on mice.(当咸度变得太咸时，这个问题是由大脑前部的一组特殊神经元决定的，而大脑后部的一组单独的神经元调节你对盐的食欲，研究人员在老鼠身上进行了一系列实验)”可知感知咸味是与大脑中的细胞有关，文章也是围绕这个主题展开的。A选项“咸吗？脑细胞决定！”最符合文章标题。故选A。
6.（2024·广东佛山·统考一模）A China plane struck a bird after taking off in Chengdu, Sichuan, and had to immediately return to the airport last October, and it wasn’t the first accident between an aircraft and a bird last year.
In fact, more than 20,000 wildlife strikes with aircraft were reported worldwide in 2023 — the vast majority of those animals being birds. The strikes can also include run-ins with bats or creatures on the ground, such as deer or turtles. Expanding wildlife populations, increases in number of aircraft movements, and a trend toward faster and quieter aircraft all have contributed to the increase in wildlife strikes.
Bird strikes are a hazard not just to commercial airplanes, but to all sorts of aircraft. However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. Last year, 95% of the global strikes involved some kind of damage — and only 5% of those caused “substantial” damage.
Some of the most disturbing types of strikes can happen when one or more birds go into a plane’s engine, which might cause a lot of damage to the aircraft. The pilot would need to return to the airport or find a safe place to land.
In last October’s China plane incident, the Beijing-bound flight was able to land normally in Chengdu after taking into account what the airline described as security concerns. Senior captain Chen Jianguo said pilots are trained on how to respond if they have a bird strike in flight. The pilot in this case did exactly what he was trained to do.
“There are lots of things that are being used by airports to try to manage the habitat and birds around the airport,” said Chen Jianguo. Airports need to manage bird habitats to reduce or get rid of trees and plants that shelter birds, or address wetlands that can attract birds. Collecting data on what kinds of birds are involved in strikes is equally important so the risks can better be managed. Many airports also use audible signals to scare birds away, such as the sounds of fireworks.
21．What is a cause of the increase in wildlife strikes
A．The poorly designed aircraft.
B．The growing number of birds.
C．The destruction of wildlife habitats.
D．The absence of environmental awareness.
22．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Danger. B．Delay. C．Accident. D．Reminder.
23．What does the historical data tell us about bird strikes
A．They are a rare occurrence.
B．They usually damage engines.
C．Most of them cause slight damage.
D．Most of them involve one single bird.
24．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Ways to study bird behavior.
B．Measures to drive birds away.
C．Efforts to restore bird habitat.
D．Attempts to take care of birds.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物袭击飞机的事件，包括其袭击者、起因、造成的损坏，以及机场方面应对和减少这种事件的方法。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Expanding wildlife populations, increases in number of aircraft movements, and a trend toward faster and quieter aireraft all have contributed to the increase in wildlife strikes. (野生动物数量的增加，飞机起降次数的增加，以及飞机速度更快、噪音更小的趋势，都导致了野生动物袭击事件的增加)”可知，野生动物袭击事件的增加的起因包括鸟类数量的增加。故选B项。
22．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的下文“However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. (然而，历史数据显示，只有一小部分事故报告了损坏)”可知，只有一小部分野生动物袭击事件涉及损坏，且此处涉及转折，因此鸟撞事件本身的确对飞机来说是一种危险，但是造成的损坏却不多，hazard意思应该是“危险”，与danger意思相近。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. Last year, 95% of the global strikes involved some kind of damage — and only 5% of those caused “substantial” damage. (然而，历史数据显示，只有一小部分事故报告了损坏。去年，95%的全球袭击造成了某种程度的损失，其中只有5%造成了“实质性”损失)”可知，大多数鸟撞事件会造成轻微的损害。故选C项。
24．段落大意题。根据最后一段中“There are lots of things that are being used by airports to try to manage the habitat and birds around the airport (机场正在使用很多方法来管理机场周围的栖息地和鸟类)”和“Airports need to manage bird habitats to reduce or get rid of trees and plants that shelter birds, or address wetlands that can attract birds. Collecting data on what kinds of birds are involved in strikes is equally important so the risks can better be managed. Many airports also use audible signals to scare birds away, such as the sounds of fireworks. (机场需要管理鸟类栖息地，以减少或消除为鸟类提供庇护地的树木和植物，或者处理可以吸引鸟类的湿地。收集哪些鸟类卷入袭击的数据同样重要，这样可以更好地管理风险。许多机场还使用声音信号来吓跑鸟类，比如烟花的声音)”可知，本段主要介绍了机场管理周围的栖息地和鸟类，以赶走鸟类的各种方法。故选B项。
7.（2024·广东·校联考一模）Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea — full of holes.
According to Professor Lum, ChatGPT offers students a wealth of information. Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer. It’s about the journey of discovery. ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts. It’s like awarding a participation medal for a race that hasn’t even begun!
He also claims that ChatGPT improves communication skills. Seriously Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves.
Oh, and let’s not forget about critical thinking. Professor Lum thinks ChatGPT challenges students to think critically. But come on, folks! It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that.
Lastly, Professor Lum believes ChatGPT can provide support and guidance. Again, seriously Are we going to replace human emotions with lines of code (代码) ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction. Let us not abandon our students, leaving them to feel more alone and disconnected than ever before.
Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education.
25．What is compared to a participation medal in paragraph 2
A．A walking encyclopedia. B．A journey to explore.
C．A vast database. D．An answer.
26．What can be inferred about ChatGPT from paragraphs 3~5
A．It is not good at socializing. B．It is a skilled critical thinker.
C．It offers nothing helpful to humans. D．It forms a warm bond with humans.
27．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A．Totally negative. B．Fully supportive.
C．Highly skeptical. D．Quite indifferent.
28．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To criticize a viewpoint. B．To question an authority.
C．To clarify two arguments. D．To compare two chatbots.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．A
【分析】文章是说明文。介绍了Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，认为ChatGPT有非常多的优点，但是作者提醒不能过多依赖技术，应把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。
25．细节理解题。文章第二段第二句“Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer.”(当然，这就像有一本活百科全书, 但学习并不是复制答案。)和文章第二段第四句“ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts.”(拥有庞大数据库的ChatGPT剥夺了学生通过自己的努力探索和学习的机会。)可知，ChatGPT为学生提供了丰富的信息，但是同时也剥夺了孩子自努力探索学习的机会，答案都是直接获得。就好比比赛还未开始就颁发了参赛奖牌，所以此处参赛奖牌指的是学习之旅还未开始就提供了答案。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。文章第三段“Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves. ”(与人工智能聊天并不等同于进行真正的对话。如果学生只知道如何与聊天机器人交谈，我们怎么能指望他们处理现实世界的复杂性？我们不要把他们自己变成社交尴尬的机器人。)文章第四段“It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that.”(这只是一台机器！它不会教他们如何质疑假设、分析证据或提出创新的解决方案。为此，我们需要人与人之间的互动和激烈的辩论。)和文章第五段“ ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction.”(ChatGPT可能会提供一些安慰的话语，但它无法取代只有在人类互动中才能找到的温暖和理解。)可知，作者针对Lum教授提出的关于ChatGPT在与人交往方面的优点都提出了反驳。认为ChatGPT无法实现真正人与人之间的互动和交流，也无法取代只有在人类社交互动中才能找到的温暖和理解。所以可推测ChatGPT不善于人际交往。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea- full of holes. ”(虽然这确实有一些好处，但他的论点就像暴风雨中漏洞百出的船。)可知，作者认为ChatGPT确实存在一些优点，但对于Lum教授认为ChatGPT可以提升交际技能，培养批判性思维和提供支持和指导作者持不赞成和怀疑态度。故填C项。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea- full of holes. ”(Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，但我们不要被人工智能聊天机器人的热潮冲昏头脑。虽然这确实有一些好处，但他的论点就像暴风雨中漏洞百出的船。)和最后一段“Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education.”(Lum教授关于ChatGPT的观点警告我们不要过度依赖技术。与其优先考虑ChatGPT，不如把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。)可知，作者针对Lum教授的观点提出了反驳。作者认为不要过度依赖技术，应把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。故选A项。
8.（2024·广东·校联考一模）The world of underwater slumber is unlike what we see on the surface. For mammals (哺乳动物), a good night’s sleep sends an animal into a state of unconsciousness (无知觉) during hours of restorative sleeping that helps heal the body and solidify memories firmly in the mind. For fish, however, sleep isn’t such a well-defined process. Instead, many fish species have taken to spending short periods in a state of reduced activity or rest while keeping their eyes open to scan the water for potential threats. During these periods of reduced activity, a fish’s bodily functions slow down and its watchfulness drops.
The breadth of animals in the ocean that exhibit this type of reduced activity is wide-reaching. Among the hundreds of thousands of creatures in the sea, some merely ride along with the current, such as jellyfish. Others find rocky bedrooms for the night, while those such as stingrays bury themselves in the sand to rest. However, it must be really hard to get a good night’s sleep when you breathe air but live in water. This is something that the world’s underwater mammals have to deal with.
To prevent themselves from drowning (溺死) in their sleep, underwater mammals such as dolphins and manatees have developed the ability to “turn off” one side of their brain to rest, known as unihemispheric sleep. While one side is fast asleep, the other keeps all the animal’s vital functions running, such as breathing. Manatees, for example, love to sleep, spending up to 12 hours a day in a deep slumber. However, as air-breathing animals, manatees need to surface every 20 minutes or so for oxygen. To achieve this, the half of the brain that’s still awake sends the sleeping manatee to the surface to get some air.
29．What does the underlined word “slumber” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Rest. B．Sleep. C．Danger. D．Activity.
30．Why is it hard to define sleep for fish
A．Because fish remain partially awake. B．Because fish need short resting time.
C．Because fish possess no consciousness. D．Because fish pretend not to be sleeping.
31．What is a challenge faced by underwater mammals
A．Hiding in sand. B．Riding the current.
C．Finding spots to rest. D．Breathing while sleeping.
32．How do manatees ensure their oxygen supply during sleep
A．By sleeping less. B．By adapting to the sea.
C．By surfacing periodically. D．By controlling their breath.
【答案】29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋动物不同于陆地动物的睡眠方式，鱼类保持部分警觉，眼睛睁着休息，很多动物也会减少活动达到休息的目的，而海豚、海牛等哺乳动物在水下睡觉时仅会关闭大脑的一侧，以保持呼吸。
29．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“For mammals (哺乳动物), a good night’s sleep sends an animal into a state of unconsciousness (无知觉) during hours of restorative sleeping that helps heal the body and solidify memories firmly in the mind. For fish, however, sleep isn’t such a well-defined process. (对于哺乳动物来说，晚上睡个好觉会让它们在恢复性睡眠的几个小时内进入无意识状态，这有助于治愈身体，并在大脑中牢固地巩固记忆。然而，对于鱼类来说，睡眠并不是一个定义明确的过程)”可知，此处是对比海洋生物和陆地上哺乳动物的睡眠情况，画线词所在句的意思应该是“水下睡眠的世界与我们在水面上看到的不同”，slumber意思应该是“睡眠”，与sleep意思相近。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For fish, however, sleep isn’t such a well-defined process. Instead, many fish species have taken to spending short periods in a state of reduced activity or rest while keeping their eyes open to scan the water for potential threats. (然而，对于鱼类来说，睡眠并不是一个定义明确的过程。相反，许多鱼类会在短时间内减少活动或休息，同时睁大眼睛扫视水中潜在的威胁)”可知，鱼类很难定义睡眠的原因是它们会保持部分清醒。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, it must be really hard to get a good night’s sleep when you breathe air but live in water. This is something that the world’s underwater mammals have to deal with. (然而，当你呼吸空气却生活在水中时，你一定很难睡个好觉。这是世界上的水下哺乳动物不得不面对的问题)”可知，水下哺乳动物面对的挑战是在睡觉的同时进行呼吸。故选D项。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, as air-breathing animals, manatees need to surface every 20 minutes or so for oxygen. To achieve this, the half of the brain that’s still awake sends the sleeping manatee to the surface to get some air. (然而，作为呼吸空气的动物，海牛需要每20分钟左右浮出水面吸氧。为了达到这个目的，仍然清醒的那一半大脑会把睡着的海牛送到水面上呼吸一些空气)”可知，海牛通过定期浮出水面来证睡眠时的氧气供应。故选C项。
9.（2024·福建·统考一模）Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it’s night. That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech（California Institute of Technology）are exploring. They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.
Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.
The method used by Caltech’s scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet. Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction. If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave. But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out. The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It’s a little like using a magnifying（放大的）glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.
To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space. This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up. Next, MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech. The scientists were able to detect the energy, proving that it’s possible to send solar energy to Earth from space.
Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project’s leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.
33．What is the challenge in Caltech’s project with MAPLE
A．Solar energy detection.
B．Wireless energy delivery.
C．Sending devices into space.
D．Using wires to move electricity.
34．How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power
A．By changing the way microwaves act.
B．By magnifying waves coming together.
C．By controlling the timing of microwaves.
D．By lining up the waves in opposite directions.
35．What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr. Hajimiri
A．Warning people of natural disasters.
B．Turning solar energy into electricity.
C．Providing a solution to energy shortages.
D．Sending energy to regions in urgent need.
36．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration
B．The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires
C．The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity
D．The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了加州理工学院（Caltech）的科学家正在探索从太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送回地球的想法，他们为此创造了一个特殊工具MAPLE，并解释了MAPLE如何通过控制微波的时机来聚焦能量。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Caltech’s scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE’s job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We’re used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.(加州理工学院的科学家们为这个项目创造了一个特殊的工具。他们称之为MAPLE。MAPLE和另外两个设备是2023年1月送入太空的一个项目的一部分。MAPLE的任务是测试从太空向地球无线发送能量的想法。我们习惯于用电线把电能从一个地方传输到另一个地方。但是在没有电线的情况下传输能量要棘手得多)”可知，MAPLE的挑战是无线能量传输。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It’s a little like using a magnifying（放大的）glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light.(加州理工学院的研究小组已经找到了一种方法来控制大量微波的时间，这样它们就可以结合它们的能量，并将能量集中在一个方向上。这有点像用放大镜把太阳光聚焦成一个小的热点)”可知，加州理工学院的团队通过控制微波的时间来集中太阳能。故选C项。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project’s leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.(Hajimiri博士是该项目的领导者之一，他认为有一天，这个系统会非常有用，把能源带到世界各地需要它的地方。他相信，在未来，我们将能够向偏远地区和被战争或自然灾害摧毁的地区输送能源)”可知，根据Hajimiri博士的说法，这个系统在未来会向急需能源的地区输送能源。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it’s night. That’s the idea that scientists at Caltech（California Institute of Technology）are exploring. They’re working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth.(想象一下，可以一直使用太阳能，即使是在晚上。这就是加州理工学院(Caltech)的科学家们正在探索的想法。他们正致力于在太空中收集阳光并将其能量发送到地球)”以及纵观全文可知，主要讨论了使用Caltech科学家创造的特殊工具MAPLE从太空向地球无线传输能源的可能性，所以D项“The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth(从太空向地球无线传输能量的可能性)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
10.（2024·山东枣庄·统考一模）Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely stroll through the streets — this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means “roaming around the city” on foot. Participants can follow a distinctive urban route, soaking up the atmosphere, exploring old buildings, browsing boutique shops, sipping a cup of coffee, or indulging in authentic local snacks.
Citywalk can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a leisurely stroll for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more inclusive experience of the places you visit. Besides interacting with a city, Citywalk provides young people with a new social scene, where they who share the same interests and ideas can easily make friends.
In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture researchers and enthusiasts to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi, a young entrepreneur in Changsha, recently launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha route features more offbeat sights like historical architecture from the 19th century, artsy old alleys, and even a stop-off to sample the local spicy crayfish specialty.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, it is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences based on their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands.
37．Why do young people choose Citywalk
A．To enjoy a guided tour.
B．To cut down expenses.
C．To dig deeper into a city.
D．To make new friends.
38．What is the most notable feature about Citywalk
A．Doing sightseeing on foot. B．Avoiding hot scenic spots.
C．Taking a local tour guide. D．Keeping a fixed urban route.
39．What might Xiao Yiyi be
A．A tour guide B．A culture researcher.
C．A Citywalk enthusiast. D．An event organizer.
40．What is the author’s attitude to the Citywalk trend
A．Favorable. B．Dismissive C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．D 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段“To them, Citywalk means “roaming around the city” on foot. Participants can follow a distinctive urban route, soaking up the atmosphere, exploring old buildings, browsing boutique shops, sipping a cup of coffee, or indulging in authentic local snacks.(对他们来说，Citywalk的意思是“在城市里漫步”。参与者可以遵循独特的城市路线，沉浸在氛围中，探索古老的建筑，浏览精品店，喝一杯咖啡，或沉迷于正宗的当地小吃)”可推知，年轻人选择城市漫步是因为可以深入了解一个城市。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Citywalk can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a leisurely stroll for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more inclusive experience of the places you visit. (城市漫步可以是一小群人的特别导游之旅，也可以只是一两个人悠闲地漫步，探索新的领域，坚持关键点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的游览体验)”可知，城市漫步最显著的特点是避开热门景点。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organizers invite folk culture researchers and enthusiasts to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi, a young entrepreneur in Changsha, recently launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha route features more offbeat sights like historical architecture from the 19th century, artsy old alleys, and even a stop-off to sample the local spicy crayfish specialty.(一些组织者邀请民间文化研究人员和爱好者担任导游。长沙的年轻企业家肖依依最近在她的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的城市漫步路线，旨在为游客提供‘在露天博物馆漫步’的体验。她的长沙路线上有更多不寻常的景点，比如19世纪的历史建筑、充满艺术气息的老巷子，甚至还会停下来品尝当地的辛辣小龙虾)”可推知，她是一位城市漫步活动的组织者。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, it is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences based on their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands.(尽管Citywalk是一个相对较新的现象，但它为城市旅行者提供了一个积极的变化，因为他们可以根据自己的兴趣和需求更好地选择体验。与此同时，城市步行街也为导游和旅游服务供应商提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更有针对性、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求)”可知，作者认为Citywalk让城市旅行者可以根据自己的兴趣和需求更好地选择体验内容，同时也让导游和旅游服务供应商能够提供更有针对性、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。由此推知，作者对于Citywalk这一旅行趋势是持赞成态度的。故选A。
